view","type":"Footnote"},{"left":71,"top":727,"width":47,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"8 Ibid., 16.","type":"Footnote"},{"left":71,"top":738,"width":381,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"9 Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kombinasi:Mixed Methods, (Bandung: Alfabeta cv., 2018), 11.","type":"Footnote"},{"left":71,"top":750,"width":456,"height":21,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"10 V. Wiratna Sujarweni, Metodologi Penelitian: Lengkap, Praktis, dan Mudah Dipahami, (Yogyakarta: PUSTAKABARUPRESS, 2014), 22.","type":"Footnote"},{"left":160,"top":37,"width":279,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":234,"top":51,"width":130,"height":21,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Mei 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2 2014-2022 j.al-ulum Universitas Islam Madura","type":"Text"},{"left":140,"top":73,"width":318,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"ISSN. 2355-0104 ojs.uim.ac.id E-ISSN. 2549-3833","type":"Text"},{"left":508,"top":781,"width":19,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"141","type":"Page footer"},{"left":71,"top":95,"width":457,"height":115,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"penelitian ini mendapatkan gambaran yang mendalam tentang suatu kasus yang sedang diteliti. Sumber data penelitian ini terdiri dari sumber data primer dan sumber data sekunder. Sumber data primer maksudnya sumber data utama yang diperoleh langsung dari responden. Sumber data ini adalah guru-guru di Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah, khususnya yang ada di llingkup DTA Miftahussa’adah III. Sedangkan, sumber data sekunder adalah sumber data pendukung yang didapat dari dokumen-dokumen dan hal lain yang mendukung.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":220,"width":457,"height":176,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini adalah dengan observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumen. Dikarenakan situasi yang tidak memungkinkan, maka pengumpulan data dilakukan secara daring. Namun, meskipun demikian tidak mengurangi keabsahan data yang diperoleh dan peneliti berusaha agar data yang didapat serinci mungkin. Responden wawancara pada penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah dan guru-guru di Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Awaliyah Miftahussa’adah III. Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini dengan menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif. Maksudnya temuan-temuan data dilapangan akan dikemukakan dengan cara mendeskripsikan temuan-temuan tersebut dengan redaksi kalimat yang menggambaran kejadian sesuai apa adanya 11 .","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":406,"width":95,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Metode penelitian","type":"Section header"},{"left":71,"top":427,"width":457,"height":114,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Penelitian kali ini menggunakan jenis penelitian studi lapangan ( feel research ). Dengan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian bertujuan meneliti tentang pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi covid-19 di Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Awaliyah (MDTA) Miftahussa’adah III Dewisari Rengasdengklok Karawang, sedangkan peneliti menjadi salah satu instrument yang penting (instrument kunci), teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan secara wawancara atau interview, obeservasi lapang dan analisis data dokumentasi.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":551,"width":68,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Pembahasan","type":"Section header"},{"left":71,"top":569,"width":289,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Pembelajaran Daring di Madrasah Miftahussa’adah III","type":"Section header"},{"left":71,"top":590,"width":457,"height":96,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Pembelajaran jarak jauh secara daring 12 adalah pembelajaran jarak jauh yang cara pengantaran bahan ajar dan interaksinya dilakukan dengan perantara teknologi internet. Dalam pembelajaran daring ini kelas di sekolah digantikan dengan kelas virtual. Oleh sebab itu, fasilitas dan koneksi internet memegang peranan penting dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring ini.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":704,"width":456,"height":33,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"11 Masruroh Lubis, dkk., “Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis E-Leraning (Studi Inovasi Pendidik MTS. PAI Medan di Tengah Wabah Covid-19),” Fitrah: Journal of Islamic Education (FJIE) 1 No. 1 (Juli 2020): 5, diakses: 13 Juli 2021, http://jurnal.staisumatera-medan.ac.id/index.php/fitrah","type":"Footnote"},{"left":71,"top":738,"width":456,"height":33,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"12 Agus Sumantri, dkk., “Booklet Pembelajaran Daring”, Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi Kemdikbud RI, (2020): 6, diakses 13 Juli 2021, https://dikti.kemdikbud.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Booklet- Pemebelajaran-Daring.pdf","type":"Footnote"},{"left":160,"top":37,"width":279,"height":13,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":234,"top":51,"width":130,"height":21,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Mei 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2 2014-2022 j.al-ulum Universitas Islam Madura","type":"Text"},{"left":140,"top":73,"width":318,"height":13,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"ISSN. 2355-0104 ojs.uim.ac.id E-ISSN. 2549-3833","type":"Page header"},{"left":508,"top":781,"width":19,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"142","type":"Page footer"},{"left":71,"top":95,"width":457,"height":156,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Berdasarkan hasil temuan dan pengolahan data, ditemukan beberapa poin penting. Untuk melaksanakan pembelajaran daring, kepala sekolah Madrasah Miftahussa’adah III membuat peraturan yang didasarkan pada surat edaran Kemendikbud No. 4 Tahun 2020. Edaran tersebut memberikan penegasan bahwa pembelajaran dilakukan secara daring dari rumah. Bahkan sebenarnya bukan hanya aktivitas pembelajaran saja, melainkan aktivitas lain seperti administrasi pembelajaran, evaluasi pembelajaran pun dilakukan dengan cara jarak jauh berbasis digital. 13 Kebijakan kepala sekolah tersebut meliputi pelaksanakan pembelajaran hingga evaluasi pembelajaran.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":261,"width":457,"height":177,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Teknis pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring yaitu sebegai berikut: 1) pembelajaran di masa pandemi dilaksanakan dengan cara jarak jauh dengan menggunakan jaringan internet, 2) media komunikasi selama pembelajaran jarak jauh ini adalah menggunakan aplikasi ruang obrolan dan membuat grup di dalamnya, 3) pembelajaran dapat dilaksanakan dengan dua cara, antara lain: pembelajaran satu arah yaitu guru menyampaikan materi-materi pembelajaran baik berupa video, rekaman suara, gambar, dan lain sebagainya; serta pembelajaran dua arah yaitu guru dan siswa melakukan komunikasi secara timbal balik dengan cara video call atau video conference , 4) evaluasi pembelajaran dilaksanakan secara daring yaitu dengan cara mengoreksi dan memberikan nilai untuk setiap tugas yang diberikan.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":447,"width":457,"height":135,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Pelaksaan pembelajaran daring di Madrasah Miftahussa’adah III meliputi tiga tahap, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Berdasarkan temuan, guru-guru di Madrasah Miftahussa’adah III selalu membuat perencanaan pembelajaran sebelum melakukan kegiatan belajar mengajar. Menurutnya, perencanaan sebelum mengajar penting dilakukan. Seperti yang dikemukakan dalam Booklet Pembelajaran Daring, tujuan merancang pembelajaran daring adalah untuk menghasilkan rencana pembelajaran semester (RPS) beserta perangkat pembelajaran, seperti instrumen penilaian dan objek pembelajaran yang efisien dan efektif. 14","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":590,"width":457,"height":75,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Perencanaan pembelajaran 15 dapat diartikan sebagai proses penyusunan materi pelajaran, penggunaan media pengajaran, penggunaan pendekatan dan metode pengajaran, dan penilaian dalam suatu alokasi waktu yang akan dilaksanakan pada masa tertentu untuk mencapai tujuan yang telah ditentukan. Sebelum pembelajaran daring ini, perencanaan","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":681,"width":456,"height":33,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"13 Masruroh Lubis, dkk., “Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis E-Leraning (Studi Inovasi Pendidik MTS. PAI Medan di Tengah Wabah Covid-19),” Fitrah: Journal of Islamic Education (FJIE) 1 No. 1 (Juli 2020): 8, diakses: 13 Juli 2021, http://jurnal.staisumatera-medan.ac.id/index.php/fitrah","type":"Footnote"},{"left":71,"top":715,"width":456,"height":33,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"14 Agus Sumantri, dkk., “Booklet Pembelajaran Daring”, Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi Kemdikbud RI, (2020): 6, diakses 13 Juli 2021, https://dikti.kemdikbud.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Booklet- Pemebelajaran-Daring.pdf","type":"Footnote"},{"left":71,"top":750,"width":456,"height":21,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"15 Abdul Majid, Perencanaan Pembelajaran: Mengembangkan Standar Kompetensi Guru, (Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 2011), 17.","type":"Footnote"},{"left":160,"top":37,"width":279,"height":13,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":234,"top":51,"width":130,"height":21,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Mei 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2 2014-2022 j.al-ulum Universitas Islam Madura","type":"Text"},{"left":140,"top":73,"width":318,"height":13,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"ISSN. 2355-0104 ojs.uim.ac.id E-ISSN. 2549-3833","type":"Text"},{"left":508,"top":781,"width":19,"height":11,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"143","type":"Page footer"},{"left":71,"top":95,"width":456,"height":73,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"pembelajaran atau RPP dibuat untuk satu semester sekaligus. Namun, selama pembelajaran daring ini guru membuat RPP untuk pembelajaran satu minggu. RPP yang dibuat pun hanya satu lembar yang memuat rincian materi yang akan disampaikan, kegiatan pembelajaran meliputi pendahuluan; inti; dan penutup, serta rencana evaluasi yang akan dilakukan.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":178,"width":457,"height":218,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Selain membuat RPP, guru juga mempersiapkan media yang akan digunakan untuk menyampaikan materi. Sebelum pembelajaran daring ini, guru hanya mengandalkan media yang telah ada di madrasah. Namun, kini guru harus membuat media untuk setiap materi yang akan disampaikan. Media yang dibuat guru berbeda-beda menyesuaikan materi, di antaranya media visual, audio, dan audiovisual. Jika tidak membuat media sendiri, guru menggunakan alternatif dengan mencari video yang relevan dengan materi di platform Youtube untuk dijadikan media pembelajaran. Guru juga menyiapkan bahan ajar untuk kegiatan belajar mengajar. Sebetulnya, guru bisa saja memakai buku LKS yang diperjualbelikan di toko buku. Namun, karena mempertimbangkan beberapa hal akhirnya guru membuat bahan ajarnya sendiri berupa lembar kerja siswa yang dilengkapi poin penting materi. Lembar tersebut diberikan dan dikumpulkan kembali dalam rentang mingguan.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":406,"width":457,"height":218,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Tahap selanjutnya setelah perencanaan adalah pelaksanaan kegiatan pembelajaran daring. Pihak sekolah melarang guru hanya memberikan tugas tanpa adanya penjelasan, sesi diskusi, dan timbal balik yang tidak relevan. Maka dalam proses pembelajaran daring di Madrasah Miftahussa’adah III dilakukan dengan tiga cara. Pertama, guru memberikan penjelasan materi, dalam hal ini guru dibebaskan memilih media yang akan digunakan untuk memudahkan siswa menerima materi tersebut. Kedua, mengadakan sesi diskusi antara guru dan siswa mengenai materi-materi yang diberikan. Diskusi ini dilaksanakan dengan memanfaatkan aplikasi video conference, Zoom. Ketiga, guru mengevaluasi hasil belajar siswa baik dari sesi diskusi maupun pengumpulan tugas. Cara siswa mengumpulkan tugas kepada guru yaitu dengan memfoto hasil pekerjaannya dan dikirimkan kepada guru melalui WhatsApp .","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":634,"width":457,"height":114,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Beradasarkan hasil observasi selama proses pembelajaran, terlihat guru menggunakan beberapa metode yaitu ceramah, diskusi, dan penugasan. Menurut guru, metode ceramah akan lebih efektif dalam menyampaikan materi saat pembelajaran jarak jauh ini. Metode diskusi pun dilakukan untuk menyeimbangkan proses pembelajaran, sehingga tidak monoton hanya satu arah. Penugasan yang diberikan pun tidak banyak karena khawatir akan membebani siswa. Kesiapan guru dan siswa selama pembelajaran daring ini cukup baik, mengingat lokasi","type":"Text"},{"left":160,"top":37,"width":279,"height":13,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":234,"top":51,"width":130,"height":21,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Mei 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2 2014-2022 j.al-ulum Universitas Islam Madura","type":"Text"},{"left":140,"top":73,"width":318,"height":13,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"ISSN. 2355-0104 ojs.uim.ac.id E-ISSN. 2549-3833","type":"Page header"},{"left":508,"top":781,"width":19,"height":11,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"144","type":"Page footer"},{"left":71,"top":95,"width":456,"height":32,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"madrasah ini di daerah. Meskipun masih ditemui beberapa problematika dalam pelaksanaanya.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":137,"width":457,"height":156,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Selain menggunakan metode yang bervariasi, guru juga menggunakan media yang beragam. Untuk pembelajaran materi bahasa Arab, yang peneliti ikuti pembelajarannya, guru menggunakan media audiovisual yaitu berupa video. Guru mengawali pembelajaran dengan memutarkan video kosakata dalam bahasa Arab dan siswa menyimaknya. Cara ini cukup efektif memberikan stimulus awal kepada siswa. Terlihat dari antusiasnya siswa ketika guru memutarkan video tersebut dan memberikan pertanyaan setelahnya. Beberapa siswa terlihat sudah menghafal kosakata tersebut karena sebelumnya guru juga sudah memberikan link video tersebut.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":301,"width":457,"height":137,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Selanjutnya, mengenai evaluasi pembelajaran. Evaluasi pembelajaran 16 adalah proses untuk menentukan nilai pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan melalui kegiatan pengukuran dan penilaian pembelajaran. Dengan demikian kegiatan evaluasi pembelajaran dapat berupa pengukuran maupun penilaian terhadap kemampuan siswa baik pengetahuan, sikap, maupun keterampilan. Evaluasi dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui keefktifan dan efisiensi sistem pembelajaran, serta untuk menghimpun data yang dijadikan sebagai bukti mengenai taraf kemajuan peserta didik dalam proses pendidikan selama kurun waktu tertentu. 17","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":447,"width":457,"height":156,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Pada pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring, guru selalu melakukan evaluasi setiap selesai pertemuan virtual. Seperti saat peneliti melakukan observasi, pada akhir pembelajaran guru melakukan refleksi dan bertanya kepada siswa. Hal tersebut bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pemahaman siswa terhadap materi yang dibahas. Selain itu, evaluasi juga dilakukan dengan memberikan tugas kepada siswa mengenai materi yang telah dipelajari. Setelah tugas tersebut dinilai oleh guru, selanjutnya guru akan memberikan koreksi dan timbal balik berupa pemberian informasi nilai yang diperoleh. Guru juga menyampaikan kepada orang tua secara berkala mengenai kondisi dan hasil belajar siswa selama pembelajaran daring.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":613,"width":362,"height":11,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Problematika Pembelajaran Daring di Madrasah Miftahussa’adah III","type":"Section header"},{"left":71,"top":634,"width":457,"height":93,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Seperti yang telah dipaparkan dalam pembahasan di atas bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring di Madrasah Miftahussa’adah III cukup baik. Namun, terlaksananya pembelajaran daring tersebut tidak luput dari kendala dan permasalahan. Peneliti menemukan kendala dan permasalahan tersebut dan mengklasifikasikannya menjadi dua bagian, yaitu siswa dan guru.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":750,"width":390,"height":10,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"16 Elis Ratnawulan, H.A. Rusdiana, Evaluasi Pembelajaran, (Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2017), 21.","type":"Footnote"},{"left":71,"top":761,"width":47,"height":10,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"17 Ibid., 26.","type":"Footnote"},{"left":160,"top":37,"width":279,"height":13,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":234,"top":51,"width":130,"height":21,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Mei 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2 2014-2022 j.al-ulum Universitas Islam Madura","type":"Text"},{"left":140,"top":73,"width":318,"height":13,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"ISSN. 2355-0104 ojs.uim.ac.id E-ISSN. 2549-3833","type":"Page header"},{"left":508,"top":781,"width":19,"height":11,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"145","type":"Page footer"},{"left":71,"top":95,"width":457,"height":198,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Kendala dan permasalahan siswa dalam menjalani pembelajaran daring ini sebagian besar mengenai sulitnya belajar secara daring. Peneliti mewawancarai beberapa siswa kelas IV diniyah dan berdasarkan wawancara tersebut peneliti mendapat dua poin penting. Pertama, siswa kesulitan memahami materi pelajaran. Hampir semua materi pelajaran di madrasah diniyah adalah berkaitan dengan penggunaan bahasa Arab dan praktik. Seperti pelajaran Al- Quran, materi mengenai makharijul huruf atau tajwid, akan lebih sulit ketika belajar secara virtual. Solusi dari permasalahan ini adalah orang tua siap sedia mendampingi dan membimbing siswa selama pembelajaran daring. Selain itu, guru juga memberikan waktu untuk siswa bertanya jika ketika pembelajaran ada materi yang tidak dipahami. Kedua solusi tersebut cukup mengatasi permasalahan siswa yang mengalami kesulitan.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":302,"width":457,"height":136,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Kedua, tidak semua siswa memiliki akses memakai gawai untuk pembelajaran daring. Ada beberapa siswa yang harus bergantian menggunakan gawai dengan kakaknya karena sama-sama melaksanakan pembelajaran daring. Ada pula siswa yang memang tidak memiliki gawai melainkan masih menggunakan HP jadul. Solusi yang diberikan sekolah untuk permasalahan ini adalah siswa yang tidak memiliki akses untuk pembelajaran daring boleh ikut dengan temannya yang punya akses, dengan catatan rumahnya berdekatan. Sehingga meskipun tidak memiliki akses, siswa tersebut tetap dapat mengikuti pembelajaran daring.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":447,"width":457,"height":177,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Kendala selanjutnya adalah dari pihak guru. Tidak semua guru bisa dan memahami cara pembelajaran daring ini. Beberapa guru yang sudah usia lanjut mengalami kesulitan ketika melaksanakan pembelajaran daring ini. Guru-guru tersebut belajar kembali mengenai teknologi yang dipakai dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring. Dengan demikian, beban guru pun bertambah. Selain harus menyiapkan perangkat pembelajaran untuk pembelajaran daring ini, guru juga harus kembali belajar mengenai teknologi. Solusi yang diberikan sekolah untuk permasalahan ini adalah mempersiapkan perangkat pembelajaran dilaksanakan bersama-sama dengan setiap guru di semua kelas. Sehingga guru yang tidak mampu menjadi dapat belajar bersama-sama.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":634,"width":457,"height":135,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Selain itu, permasalahan yang dihadapi guru dalam pembelajaran daring ini adalah kurang kondusifnya kelas virtual. Terkadang ketika pembelajaran berlangsung siswa tidak fokus pada penjelasan guru atau diskusi yang sedang berlangsung. Ditemui berbagai kasus siswa yang ketika pembelajaran berlangsung sambil melakukan kegiatan lain. Bahkan ada yang diganggu oleh adiknya ketika sedang belajar. Untuk memastikan siswa tetap mengikuti kelas dengan baik, guru memberlakukan untuk wajib menyalakan kamera ketika sedang video conference melalui Zoom . Sehingga guru dapat memantau kegiatan siswa selama","type":"Text"},{"left":160,"top":37,"width":279,"height":13,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":234,"top":51,"width":130,"height":21,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Mei 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2 2014-2022 j.al-ulum Universitas Islam Madura","type":"Text"},{"left":140,"top":73,"width":318,"height":13,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"ISSN. 2355-0104 ojs.uim.ac.id E-ISSN. 2549-3833","type":"Text"},{"left":508,"top":781,"width":19,"height":11,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"146","type":"Page footer"},{"left":71,"top":95,"width":457,"height":32,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"pembelajaran berlangsung. Guru juga tidak lama-lama dalam memberikan materi pelajaran kepada siswa. Hal tersebut karena khawatir siswa akan jenuh atau hilang fokusnya.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":137,"width":65,"height":11,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Kesimpulan","type":"Section header"},{"left":71,"top":157,"width":457,"height":156,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Beradasarkan hasil observasi selama proses pembelajaran dan wawancara dengan pihak madrasah, kepala sekolah dan guru, dapat disimpulkan sebegai berikut: 1) Dapat terlihat bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring di Madrasah Miftahussa’adah III telah terlaksana cukup baik. Pihak sekolah dan orang tua bekerja sama dengan baik dalam proses pembelajaran daring ini. Hal itulah yang menjadi kunci suksesnya pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi ini. Peran guru sebagai perencana, pelaksana, dan yang mengevaluasi pembelajaran sangat besar. 2) Kendala dan permasalahan dalam proses pembelajaran ini terbagi menjadi dua bagian, yaitu siswa dan guru.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":323,"width":457,"height":115,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Kendala siswa meliputi: pertama, siswa kesulitan memahami materi pelajaran. Hampir semua materi pelajaran di madrasah diniyah adalah berkaitan dengan penggunaan bahasa Arab dan praktik. Kedua, tidak semua siswa memiliki akses memakai gawai untuk pembelajaran daring. Kendala guru antara lain: tidak semua guru bisa dan memahami cara pembelajaran daring ini dan kurang kondusifnya kelas virtual. Terkadang ketika pembelajaran berlangsung siswa tidak fokus pada penjelasan guru atau diskusi yang sedang berlangsung.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":447,"width":457,"height":198,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Dari setiap kendala dan permasalahan pada pembelajaran daring, terdapat beberapa solusi yang dapat dan telah diteranpkan, antara lain: solusi dari permasalahan kesulitan belajar adalah orang tua siap sedia mendampingi dan membimbing siswa selama pembelajaran daring. Selain itu, guru juga memberikan waktu untuk siswa bertanya jika ketika pembelajaran ada materi yang tidak dipahami. Kedua solusi tersebut cukup mengatasi permasalahan siswa yang mengalami kesulitan. Serta, solusi yang diberikan sekolah untuk permasalahan keterbatasan fasilitas adalah siswa yang tidak memiliki akses untuk pembelajaran daring boleh ikut dengan temannya yang punya akses, dengan catatan rumahnya berdekatan. Sehingga meskipun tidak memiliki akses, siswa tersebut tetap dapat mengikuti pembelajaran daring.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":654,"width":457,"height":115,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Solusi yang diberikan sekolah untuk permasalahan guru adalah mempersiapkan perangkat pembelajaran dilaksanakan bersama-sama dengan setiap guru di semua kelas. Sehingga guru yang tidak mampu menjadi dapat belajar bersama-sama. Serta, Untuk memastikan siswa tetap mengikuti kelas dengan baik, guru memberlakukan untuk wajib menyalakan kamera ketika sedang video conference melalui Zoom . Sehingga guru dapat memantau kegiatan siswa selama pembelajaran berlangsung.","type":"Text"},{"left":160,"top":37,"width":279,"height":13,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":234,"top":51,"width":130,"height":21,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Mei 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2 2014-2022 j.al-ulum Universitas Islam Madura","type":"Text"},{"left":140,"top":73,"width":318,"height":13,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"ISSN. 2355-0104 ojs.uim.ac.id E-ISSN. 2549-3833","type":"Page header"},{"left":508,"top":781,"width":19,"height":11,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"147","type":"Page footer"},{"left":71,"top":95,"width":81,"height":11,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Daftar Pustaka","type":"Section header"},{"left":71,"top":120,"width":457,"height":27,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Fatimah, Dewi. “Analisis Pembelajaran Daring pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Sekolah Dasar” Skripsi, Universitas Jambi, 2021.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":151,"width":457,"height":52,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Lubis, Masruroh dkk. “Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis E-Leraning (Studi Inovasi Pendidik MTS. PAI Medan di Tengah Wabah Covid-19),” Fitrah: Journal of Islamic Education (FJIE) 1 No. 1 (Juli 2020): 2, diakses: 13 Juli 2021, http://jurnal.staisumatera-medan.ac.id/index.php/fitrah","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":206,"width":456,"height":25,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Majid, Abdul. Perencanaan Pembelajaran: Mengembangkan Standar Kompetensi Guru. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 2011,","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":231,"width":457,"height":55,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Mubin, Muhammad Nurul. “Pembelajaran Daring Pendidikan Agama Islam di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Sekolah Menengah sederajat,” Heutagogia: Journal of Islamic Education 1 No. 1 (April 2021): 16, diakses: 13 Juli 2021, http://ejournal.uin- suka.ac.id","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":289,"width":434,"height":24,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Ratnawulan, Elis, H.A. Rusdiana. Evaluasi Pembelajaran. Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2017. Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Kombinasi: Mixed Methods. Bandung: Alfabeta cv., 2018.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":316,"width":457,"height":66,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Sujarweni, V. Wiratna Sujarweni. Metodologi Penelitian: Lengkap, Praktis, dan Mudah Dipahami. Yogyakarta: PUSTAKABARUPRESS, 2014. Sumantri, Agus, dkk. “Booklet Pembelajaran Daring”, Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi Kemdikbud RI, (2020): 6, diakses 13 Juli 2021, https://dikti.kemdikbud.go.id/wp- content/uploads/2020/12/Booklet-Pemebelajaran-Daring.pdf","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":385,"width":457,"height":39,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Surat Edaran Mendikbud No. 4 Tahun 2020 tentang Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Pendidikan dalam Masa Darurat Penyebaran Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19), (2020), diakses 13 Juli 2021, www.kemendikbud.go.id","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":427,"width":457,"height":66,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Surat Keputusan Bersama Menteri Pendidikan, Meteri Agama, Menteri Kesehatan dan Meteri Dalam Negeri tentang Panduan Penyelenggaraan Pembelajaran Pada Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021 dan Tahun Akademik 2020/2021 di Masa Pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19), (2020), diakses 13 Juli 2021, www.kemendikbud.go.id","type":"List item"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"left\": 160,\n \"top\": 37,\n \"width\": 279,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 234,\n \"top\": 51,\n \"width\": 130,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Mei 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2 2014-2022 j.al-ulum Universitas Islam Madura\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 140,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 318,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"ISSN. 2355-0104 ojs.uim.ac.id E-ISSN. 2549-3833\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 508,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"137\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 92,\n \"width\": 403,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"PEMBELAJARAN DARING DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI MADRASAH DINIYAH TAKMILIYAH AWALIYAH (MDTA)\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 79,\n \"top\": 124,\n \"width\": 437,\n \"height\": 15,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"MIFTAHUSSA’ADAH III DEWISARI RENGASDENGKLOK KARAWANG\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 77,\n \"top\": 140,\n \"width\": 448,\n \"height\": 53,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"1 Nida Nur Afifah, 2 Masykur Mansyur, 3 Abdul Kosim 1,2,3 Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang, Indonesia 1 nidanurafifah13@gmail.com , 2 masykur.mansyur@fai.unsika.ac.id , 3 hkosim71@gmail.com\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 277,\n \"top\": 213,\n \"width\": 45,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Abstrak\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 227,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 232,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring di madrasah diniyah takmiliyah khususnya di Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Miftahussa’adah III. Serta untuk mendeskripsikan problematika selama pembelajaran daring di Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Awaliyah (MDTA) Miftahussa’adah III. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Jenis penelitian kualitatif yang sesuai dengan penelitian ini adalah studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini adalah dengan observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumen. Dikarenakan situasi yang tidak memungkinkan, maka pengumpulan data dilakukan secara daring. Namun, meskipun demikian tidak mengurangi keabsahan data yang diperoleh dan peneliti berusaha agar data yang didapat serinci mungkin. Beradasarkan hasil observasi selama proses pembelajaran dan wawancara dengan pihak madrasah, kepala sekolah dan guru, dapat disimpulkan sebegai berikut. (1) Dapat terlihat bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring di Madrasah Miftahussa’adah III telah terlaksana cukup baik. Pihak sekolah dan orang tua bekerja sama dengan baik dalam proses pembelajaran daring ini. Hal itulah yang menjadi kunci suksesnya pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi ini. (2) Kendala dan permasalahan dalam proses pembelajaran ini terbagi menjadi dua bagian, yaitu siswa dan guru. Namun, dari masing-masing kendala telah ditemukan solusinya seiring dengan terbiasanya melakukan pembelajaran daring.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 475,\n \"width\": 395,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Kata kunci: Pembelajaran Daring, Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah, Problematika.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 275,\n \"top\": 503,\n \"width\": 48,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Abstract\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 517,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 204,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"This study aims to describe the implementation of online learning in Madrasah diniyah takmiliyah, especially at Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Miftahussa'adah III. And to describe the problems during online learning at Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Awaliyah (MDTA) Miftahussa'adah III. This study uses a qualitative method. The type of qualitative research that is appropriate to this research is a case study. The data collection technique of this research is by observation, interview, and document study. Due to the impossibility of the situation, data collection was carried out online. However, this does not reduce the validity of the data obtained and the researcher tries to make the data obtained as detailed as possible. Based on the results of observations during the learning process and interviews with the madrasah, principals and teachers, it can be concluded as follows. (1) It can be seen that the implementation of online learning at Madrasah Miftahussa'adah III has been carried out quite well. The school and parents work well together in this online learning process. This is the key to successful online learning during this pandemic. (2) Constraints and problems in the learning process are divided into two parts, namely students and teachers. However, from each obstacle, a solution has been found along with getting used to doing online learning.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 738,\n \"width\": 366,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Keywords: Online Learning, Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah, Problematics.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 160,\n \"top\": 37,\n \"width\": 279,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 234,\n \"top\": 51,\n \"width\": 130,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Mei 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2 2014-2022 j.al-ulum Universitas Islam Madura\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 140,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 318,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"ISSN. 2355-0104 ojs.uim.ac.id E-ISSN. 2549-3833\",\n \"type\": \"Title\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 508,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"138\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 95,\n \"width\": 71,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Pendahuluan\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 116,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 259,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Sejak akhir tahun 2019, dunia digegerkan dengan penyebaran virus yang kemudian dikenal dengan nama Covid-19. Sampai akhirnya virus ini dinyatakan resmi masuk ke Indonesia pada awal tahun 2020. Merebaknya kasus virus ini memberikan banyak dampak di berbagai aspek kehidupan. Mulai dari bidang kesehatan tentunya, ekonomi, pariwisata, sampai dengan bidang pendidikan. Penyebaran virus yang begitu masif membuat pemerintah mengambil kebijakan untuk menghindari penyebaran virus yang semakin meluas. Dampak kebijakan pemerintah tersebut di bidang pendidikan adalah ditutupnya sekolah-sekolah dan pembelajaran dipindahkan ke rumah masing-masing siswa. Menurut surat edaran Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan 1 Nomor 4 Tahun 2020 tentang Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Pendidikan dalam Masa Darurat Penyebaran Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19), pembelajaran di masa pandemi dilaksanakan dari rumah melalui pembelajaran daring/ jarak jauh dilaksanakan untuk memberikan pengalaman yang bermakna bagi siswa, tanpa tuntutan menuntaskan capaian kurikulum untuk kenaikan maupun kelulusan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 385,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 177,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan surat edaran tersebut, perubahan dalam proses pembelajaran pun terjadi. Sekolah sebagai lembaga pendidikan dan guru sebagai salah satu pelaksana pendidikan dituntut untuk melakukan inovasi serta beradaptasi dengan kondisi ini. Guru juga harus bekerja sama dengan orang tua siswa agar pembelajaran jarak jauh ini dapat terlaksana dengan baik. Pemanfaatan teknologi menjadi salah satu kunci dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran jarak jauh. Bagi sebagian guru, penggunaan teknologi untuk pembelajaran jarak jauh ini adalah hal baru dan perlu dipelajari kembali. Beberapa guru dengan berbagai disiplin ilmu mengalami kendala dan kesulitan dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran jarak jauh ini. Salah satu yang juga terkena dampak ini adalah guru di madrasah diniyah.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 571,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 94,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Selain sekolah formal, madrasah diniyah yang merupakan sekolah nonformal pun terkena dampak dari pandemi virus Covid-19 ini. Berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Bersama Menteri Pendidikan, Meteri Agama, Menteri Kesehatan dan Meteri Dalam Negeri 2 , madrasah diniyah takmiliyah yang tidak berasrama melaksanakan pembelajaran sebagaimana ketentuan untuk satuan pendidikan jenjang pendidikan dasar, pendidikan menengah, dan pendidikan\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 704,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"1 Surat Edaran Mendikbud No. 4 Tahun 2020 tentang Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Pendidikan dalam Masa Darurat Penyebaran Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19), (2020), diakses 13 Juli 2021, www.kemendikbud.go.id\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 727,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 44,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"2 Surat Keputusan Bersama Menteri Pendidikan, Meteri Agama, Menteri Kesehatan dan Meteri Dalam Negeri tentang Panduan Penyelenggaraan Pembelajaran Pada Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021 dan Tahun Akademik 2020/2021 di Masa Pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19), (2020), diakses 13 Juli 2021, , www.kemendikbud.go.id\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 160,\n \"top\": 37,\n \"width\": 279,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 234,\n \"top\": 51,\n \"width\": 130,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Mei 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2 2014-2022 j.al-ulum Universitas Islam Madura\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 140,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 318,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"ISSN. 2355-0104 ojs.uim.ac.id E-ISSN. 2549-3833\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 508,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"139\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 95,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"tinggi yang tidak berasrama. Dengan demikian, pembelajaran di madrasah diniyah yang notabene mempelajari ilmu agama harus dilaksanakan secara jarak jauh.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 137,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 218,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Penelitian mengenai pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring ini pernah dilakukan sebelumnya oleh Dewi Fatimah yang berjudul “Analisis Pembelajaran Daring pada Masa Pandemi Covid- 19 di Sekolah dasar” pun relevan dengan penelitian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring pada masa pandemi di kelas VA Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu Ahmad Dahlan. 3 Dalam penelitiannya, Fatimah mengungkapkan bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring di SDIT Ahmad Dahlan tepatnya pada kelas V A sudah terlaksana cukup baik, peserta didik dan guru telah memiliki fasilitas-fasilitas dasar yang dibutuhkan, hal itu menggambarkan kesiapan pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring. Dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring guru sudah melakukan perencanaan pembelajaran dan sudah melaksanakan pembelajaran dengan baik yaitu menggunakan media pembelajaran, strategi, metode dan pendekatan pembelajaran yang disesuaikan dengan peserta didik 4 .\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 364,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 136,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Penelitian yang relevan selanjutnya adalah yang dilakukan oleh Masruroh Lubis, dkk. dengan judul “Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis E-Leraning (Studi Inovasi Pendidik MTS. PAI Medan di Tengah Wabah Covid-19)” juga relevan dengan penelitian ini. Penelitian tersebut bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan terkait dengan pembelajaran jarak jauh selama masa darurat Covid-19, ragam inovasi pembelajaran yang diterapkan guru PAI, dan hambatan yang dihadapi oleh guru Pendidikan Agama Islam selama pembelajaran jarak jauh 5 . Dalam penelitiannya Lubis, dkk.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 509,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 115,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Pendidikan Agama Islam selama Masa darurat Covid-19 ialah tetap melaksanakan pembelajaran, namun dilaksanakan dengan sistem jarak jauh berbasis jaringan internet. Kebijakan ini selalu diterapkan dengan mengikut aturan pemerintah, inovasi pada kegiatan intrakurikuler, diantaranya seperti penyajian pembelajaran dengan multimedia, dan hambatan yang dihadapi ialah 1) kesalahan mindset, 2) Minimya komptensi, 3) ketidaksiapan guru dan siswa dalam menghadapi pembelajaran E-Learning 6 .\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 634,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Selain itu, penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Muhammad Nurul Mubin (2021) yang berjudul “Pembelajaran Daring Pendidikan Agama Islam di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 692,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"3 Dewi Fatimah, “Analisis Pembelajaran Daring pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Sekolah Dasar” (Skripsi, Universitas Jambi, 2021), 5.\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 715,\n \"width\": 47,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"4 Ibid., 57.\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 727,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 33,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"5 Masruroh Lubis, dkk., “Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis E-Leraning (Studi Inovasi Pendidik MTS. PAI Medan di Tengah Wabah Covid-19),” Fitrah: Journal of Islamic Education (FJIE) 1 No. 1 (Juli 2020): 2, diakses: 13 Juli 2021, http://jurnal.staisumatera-medan.ac.id/index.php/fitrah\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 761,\n \"width\": 44,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"6 Ibid., 16.\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 160,\n \"top\": 37,\n \"width\": 279,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 234,\n \"top\": 51,\n \"width\": 130,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Mei 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2 2014-2022 j.al-ulum Universitas Islam Madura\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 140,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 318,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"ISSN. 2355-0104 ojs.uim.ac.id E-ISSN. 2549-3833\",\n \"type\": \"Title\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 508,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"140\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 93,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 158,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Sekolah Menengah Sederajat” juga relevan dengan penelitian ini. Penelitian tersebut bertujuan untuk mengkaji seperti apa bagaimana konsep pembelajaran PAI di masa pandemi Covid-19 di sekolah menengah sederajat 7 . Hasil penelitiannya sebagai berikut: 1) beberapa metode pembelajaran yang dilakukan pada kondiri pandemi ini di antaranya diskusi dan penugasan berbasis online, serta project based learning; 2) beberapa aplikasi meanstream yang bisa digunakan untuk pembelajaran daring di antaranya whatsapp, google classroom, zoom, edmodo, dan sebagainya; 3) Kerja sama orang tua dan guru merupakan persyaratan mutlak untuk pembelajaran Daring. 8\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 261,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 177,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Penelitian ini relevan dengan penelitian-penelitian terdahulu tersebut dan memiliki kesamaan yaitu mengangkat permasalah pembelajaran daring yang sampai saat ini masih dilaksanakan. Namun, terdapat juga perbedaan antara penelitian ini dengan penelitian terdahulu yang relevan. Perbedaannya terletak pada fokus dan tujuan penelitian. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pembelajaran daring yang dilaksanakan di Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah. Serta bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring di madrasah diniyah takmiliyah khususnya di Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Miftahussa’adah III. Serta untuk mendeskripsikan problematika selama pembelajaran daring di Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Awaliyah (MDTA) Miftahussa’adah III.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 445,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 117,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Madrasah Diniyah Miftahussa’adah III adalah salah satu lembaga pendidikan yang bernaung di Yayasan Miftahus Sa’adah Al-Amin. Madrasah ini berlokasi di Desa Dewisari Kecamatan Rengasdengklok Kabupaten Karawang. Lokasi madrasah ini cukup terpencil. Namun, pada kondisi saat ini madrasah ini mencoba mengikuti kebijakan pemerintah yang berlaku, yaitu melaksanakan pembelajaran jarak jauh. Meskipun terkendala banyak hal, tetapi pelaksanaan pembelajaran tatap muka ini tetap dilaksanakan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 571,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 94,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang dapat diartikan sebagai metode penelitian yang berlandaskan pada filsafat postpositivisme, digunakan untuk meneliti pada kondisi obyek alamiah. 9 Jenis penelitian kualitatif yang sesuai dengan penelitian ini adalah studi kasus. Menurut Sujarweni, studi kasus 10 merupakan penelitian mengenai manusia (dapat suatu kelompok, organisasi maupun individu), peristiwa, latar secara mendalam, tujuan dari\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 692,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 33,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"7 Muhammad Nurul Mubin, “Pembelajaran Daring Pendidikan Agama Islam di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Sekolah Menengah sederajat,” Heutagogia: Journal of Islamic Education 1 No. 1 (April 2021): 16, diakses: 13 Juli 2021, http://ejournal.uin-suka.ac.id > view\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 727,\n \"width\": 47,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"8 Ibid., 16.\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 738,\n \"width\": 381,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"9 Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kombinasi:Mixed Methods, (Bandung: Alfabeta cv., 2018), 11.\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 750,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"10 V. Wiratna Sujarweni, Metodologi Penelitian: Lengkap, Praktis, dan Mudah Dipahami, (Yogyakarta: PUSTAKABARUPRESS, 2014), 22.\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 160,\n \"top\": 37,\n \"width\": 279,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 234,\n \"top\": 51,\n \"width\": 130,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Mei 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2 2014-2022 j.al-ulum Universitas Islam Madura\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 140,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 318,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"ISSN. 2355-0104 ojs.uim.ac.id E-ISSN. 2549-3833\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 508,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"141\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 95,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 115,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"penelitian ini mendapatkan gambaran yang mendalam tentang suatu kasus yang sedang diteliti. Sumber data penelitian ini terdiri dari sumber data primer dan sumber data sekunder. Sumber data primer maksudnya sumber data utama yang diperoleh langsung dari responden. Sumber data ini adalah guru-guru di Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah, khususnya yang ada di llingkup DTA Miftahussa’adah III. Sedangkan, sumber data sekunder adalah sumber data pendukung yang didapat dari dokumen-dokumen dan hal lain yang mendukung.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 220,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 176,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini adalah dengan observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumen. Dikarenakan situasi yang tidak memungkinkan, maka pengumpulan data dilakukan secara daring. Namun, meskipun demikian tidak mengurangi keabsahan data yang diperoleh dan peneliti berusaha agar data yang didapat serinci mungkin. Responden wawancara pada penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah dan guru-guru di Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Awaliyah Miftahussa’adah III. Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini dengan menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif. Maksudnya temuan-temuan data dilapangan akan dikemukakan dengan cara mendeskripsikan temuan-temuan tersebut dengan redaksi kalimat yang menggambaran kejadian sesuai apa adanya 11 .\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 406,\n \"width\": 95,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Metode penelitian\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 427,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 114,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Penelitian kali ini menggunakan jenis penelitian studi lapangan ( feel research ). Dengan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian bertujuan meneliti tentang pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi covid-19 di Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Awaliyah (MDTA) Miftahussa’adah III Dewisari Rengasdengklok Karawang, sedangkan peneliti menjadi salah satu instrument yang penting (instrument kunci), teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan secara wawancara atau interview, obeservasi lapang dan analisis data dokumentasi.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 551,\n \"width\": 68,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Pembahasan\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 569,\n \"width\": 289,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Pembelajaran Daring di Madrasah Miftahussa’adah III\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 590,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 96,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Pembelajaran jarak jauh secara daring 12 adalah pembelajaran jarak jauh yang cara pengantaran bahan ajar dan interaksinya dilakukan dengan perantara teknologi internet. Dalam pembelajaran daring ini kelas di sekolah digantikan dengan kelas virtual. Oleh sebab itu, fasilitas dan koneksi internet memegang peranan penting dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring ini.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 704,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 33,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"11 Masruroh Lubis, dkk., “Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis E-Leraning (Studi Inovasi Pendidik MTS. PAI Medan di Tengah Wabah Covid-19),” Fitrah: Journal of Islamic Education (FJIE) 1 No. 1 (Juli 2020): 5, diakses: 13 Juli 2021, http://jurnal.staisumatera-medan.ac.id/index.php/fitrah\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 738,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 33,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"12 Agus Sumantri, dkk., “Booklet Pembelajaran Daring”, Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi Kemdikbud RI, (2020): 6, diakses 13 Juli 2021, https://dikti.kemdikbud.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Booklet- Pemebelajaran-Daring.pdf\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 160,\n \"top\": 37,\n \"width\": 279,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 234,\n \"top\": 51,\n \"width\": 130,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Mei 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2 2014-2022 j.al-ulum Universitas Islam Madura\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 140,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 318,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"ISSN. 2355-0104 ojs.uim.ac.id E-ISSN. 2549-3833\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 508,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"142\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 95,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 156,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan hasil temuan dan pengolahan data, ditemukan beberapa poin penting. Untuk melaksanakan pembelajaran daring, kepala sekolah Madrasah Miftahussa’adah III membuat peraturan yang didasarkan pada surat edaran Kemendikbud No. 4 Tahun 2020. Edaran tersebut memberikan penegasan bahwa pembelajaran dilakukan secara daring dari rumah. Bahkan sebenarnya bukan hanya aktivitas pembelajaran saja, melainkan aktivitas lain seperti administrasi pembelajaran, evaluasi pembelajaran pun dilakukan dengan cara jarak jauh berbasis digital. 13 Kebijakan kepala sekolah tersebut meliputi pelaksanakan pembelajaran hingga evaluasi pembelajaran.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 261,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 177,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Teknis pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring yaitu sebegai berikut: 1) pembelajaran di masa pandemi dilaksanakan dengan cara jarak jauh dengan menggunakan jaringan internet, 2) media komunikasi selama pembelajaran jarak jauh ini adalah menggunakan aplikasi ruang obrolan dan membuat grup di dalamnya, 3) pembelajaran dapat dilaksanakan dengan dua cara, antara lain: pembelajaran satu arah yaitu guru menyampaikan materi-materi pembelajaran baik berupa video, rekaman suara, gambar, dan lain sebagainya; serta pembelajaran dua arah yaitu guru dan siswa melakukan komunikasi secara timbal balik dengan cara video call atau video conference , 4) evaluasi pembelajaran dilaksanakan secara daring yaitu dengan cara mengoreksi dan memberikan nilai untuk setiap tugas yang diberikan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 447,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 135,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Pelaksaan pembelajaran daring di Madrasah Miftahussa’adah III meliputi tiga tahap, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Berdasarkan temuan, guru-guru di Madrasah Miftahussa’adah III selalu membuat perencanaan pembelajaran sebelum melakukan kegiatan belajar mengajar. Menurutnya, perencanaan sebelum mengajar penting dilakukan. Seperti yang dikemukakan dalam Booklet Pembelajaran Daring, tujuan merancang pembelajaran daring adalah untuk menghasilkan rencana pembelajaran semester (RPS) beserta perangkat pembelajaran, seperti instrumen penilaian dan objek pembelajaran yang efisien dan efektif. 14\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 590,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 75,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Perencanaan pembelajaran 15 dapat diartikan sebagai proses penyusunan materi pelajaran, penggunaan media pengajaran, penggunaan pendekatan dan metode pengajaran, dan penilaian dalam suatu alokasi waktu yang akan dilaksanakan pada masa tertentu untuk mencapai tujuan yang telah ditentukan. Sebelum pembelajaran daring ini, perencanaan\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 681,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 33,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"13 Masruroh Lubis, dkk., “Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis E-Leraning (Studi Inovasi Pendidik MTS. PAI Medan di Tengah Wabah Covid-19),” Fitrah: Journal of Islamic Education (FJIE) 1 No. 1 (Juli 2020): 8, diakses: 13 Juli 2021, http://jurnal.staisumatera-medan.ac.id/index.php/fitrah\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 715,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 33,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"14 Agus Sumantri, dkk., “Booklet Pembelajaran Daring”, Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi Kemdikbud RI, (2020): 6, diakses 13 Juli 2021, https://dikti.kemdikbud.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Booklet- Pemebelajaran-Daring.pdf\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 750,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"15 Abdul Majid, Perencanaan Pembelajaran: Mengembangkan Standar Kompetensi Guru, (Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 2011), 17.\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 160,\n \"top\": 37,\n \"width\": 279,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 234,\n \"top\": 51,\n \"width\": 130,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Mei 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2 2014-2022 j.al-ulum Universitas Islam Madura\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 140,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 318,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"ISSN. 2355-0104 ojs.uim.ac.id E-ISSN. 2549-3833\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 508,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"143\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 95,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"pembelajaran atau RPP dibuat untuk satu semester sekaligus. Namun, selama pembelajaran daring ini guru membuat RPP untuk pembelajaran satu minggu. RPP yang dibuat pun hanya satu lembar yang memuat rincian materi yang akan disampaikan, kegiatan pembelajaran meliputi pendahuluan; inti; dan penutup, serta rencana evaluasi yang akan dilakukan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 178,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 218,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Selain membuat RPP, guru juga mempersiapkan media yang akan digunakan untuk menyampaikan materi. Sebelum pembelajaran daring ini, guru hanya mengandalkan media yang telah ada di madrasah. Namun, kini guru harus membuat media untuk setiap materi yang akan disampaikan. Media yang dibuat guru berbeda-beda menyesuaikan materi, di antaranya media visual, audio, dan audiovisual. Jika tidak membuat media sendiri, guru menggunakan alternatif dengan mencari video yang relevan dengan materi di platform Youtube untuk dijadikan media pembelajaran. Guru juga menyiapkan bahan ajar untuk kegiatan belajar mengajar. Sebetulnya, guru bisa saja memakai buku LKS yang diperjualbelikan di toko buku. Namun, karena mempertimbangkan beberapa hal akhirnya guru membuat bahan ajarnya sendiri berupa lembar kerja siswa yang dilengkapi poin penting materi. Lembar tersebut diberikan dan dikumpulkan kembali dalam rentang mingguan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 406,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 218,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Tahap selanjutnya setelah perencanaan adalah pelaksanaan kegiatan pembelajaran daring. Pihak sekolah melarang guru hanya memberikan tugas tanpa adanya penjelasan, sesi diskusi, dan timbal balik yang tidak relevan. Maka dalam proses pembelajaran daring di Madrasah Miftahussa’adah III dilakukan dengan tiga cara. Pertama, guru memberikan penjelasan materi, dalam hal ini guru dibebaskan memilih media yang akan digunakan untuk memudahkan siswa menerima materi tersebut. Kedua, mengadakan sesi diskusi antara guru dan siswa mengenai materi-materi yang diberikan. Diskusi ini dilaksanakan dengan memanfaatkan aplikasi video conference, Zoom. Ketiga, guru mengevaluasi hasil belajar siswa baik dari sesi diskusi maupun pengumpulan tugas. Cara siswa mengumpulkan tugas kepada guru yaitu dengan memfoto hasil pekerjaannya dan dikirimkan kepada guru melalui WhatsApp .\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 634,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 114,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Beradasarkan hasil observasi selama proses pembelajaran, terlihat guru menggunakan beberapa metode yaitu ceramah, diskusi, dan penugasan. Menurut guru, metode ceramah akan lebih efektif dalam menyampaikan materi saat pembelajaran jarak jauh ini. Metode diskusi pun dilakukan untuk menyeimbangkan proses pembelajaran, sehingga tidak monoton hanya satu arah. Penugasan yang diberikan pun tidak banyak karena khawatir akan membebani siswa. Kesiapan guru dan siswa selama pembelajaran daring ini cukup baik, mengingat lokasi\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 160,\n \"top\": 37,\n \"width\": 279,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 234,\n \"top\": 51,\n \"width\": 130,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Mei 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2 2014-2022 j.al-ulum Universitas Islam Madura\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 140,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 318,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"ISSN. 2355-0104 ojs.uim.ac.id E-ISSN. 2549-3833\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 508,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"144\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 95,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"madrasah ini di daerah. Meskipun masih ditemui beberapa problematika dalam pelaksanaanya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 137,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 156,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Selain menggunakan metode yang bervariasi, guru juga menggunakan media yang beragam. Untuk pembelajaran materi bahasa Arab, yang peneliti ikuti pembelajarannya, guru menggunakan media audiovisual yaitu berupa video. Guru mengawali pembelajaran dengan memutarkan video kosakata dalam bahasa Arab dan siswa menyimaknya. Cara ini cukup efektif memberikan stimulus awal kepada siswa. Terlihat dari antusiasnya siswa ketika guru memutarkan video tersebut dan memberikan pertanyaan setelahnya. Beberapa siswa terlihat sudah menghafal kosakata tersebut karena sebelumnya guru juga sudah memberikan link video tersebut.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 301,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 137,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Selanjutnya, mengenai evaluasi pembelajaran. Evaluasi pembelajaran 16 adalah proses untuk menentukan nilai pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan melalui kegiatan pengukuran dan penilaian pembelajaran. Dengan demikian kegiatan evaluasi pembelajaran dapat berupa pengukuran maupun penilaian terhadap kemampuan siswa baik pengetahuan, sikap, maupun keterampilan. Evaluasi dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui keefktifan dan efisiensi sistem pembelajaran, serta untuk menghimpun data yang dijadikan sebagai bukti mengenai taraf kemajuan peserta didik dalam proses pendidikan selama kurun waktu tertentu. 17\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 447,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 156,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Pada pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring, guru selalu melakukan evaluasi setiap selesai pertemuan virtual. Seperti saat peneliti melakukan observasi, pada akhir pembelajaran guru melakukan refleksi dan bertanya kepada siswa. Hal tersebut bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pemahaman siswa terhadap materi yang dibahas. Selain itu, evaluasi juga dilakukan dengan memberikan tugas kepada siswa mengenai materi yang telah dipelajari. Setelah tugas tersebut dinilai oleh guru, selanjutnya guru akan memberikan koreksi dan timbal balik berupa pemberian informasi nilai yang diperoleh. Guru juga menyampaikan kepada orang tua secara berkala mengenai kondisi dan hasil belajar siswa selama pembelajaran daring.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 613,\n \"width\": 362,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Problematika Pembelajaran Daring di Madrasah Miftahussa’adah III\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 634,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 93,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Seperti yang telah dipaparkan dalam pembahasan di atas bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring di Madrasah Miftahussa’adah III cukup baik. Namun, terlaksananya pembelajaran daring tersebut tidak luput dari kendala dan permasalahan. Peneliti menemukan kendala dan permasalahan tersebut dan mengklasifikasikannya menjadi dua bagian, yaitu siswa dan guru.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 750,\n \"width\": 390,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"16 Elis Ratnawulan, H.A. Rusdiana, Evaluasi Pembelajaran, (Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2017), 21.\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 761,\n \"width\": 47,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"17 Ibid., 26.\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 160,\n \"top\": 37,\n \"width\": 279,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 234,\n \"top\": 51,\n \"width\": 130,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Mei 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2 2014-2022 j.al-ulum Universitas Islam Madura\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 140,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 318,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"ISSN. 2355-0104 ojs.uim.ac.id E-ISSN. 2549-3833\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 508,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"145\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 95,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 198,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Kendala dan permasalahan siswa dalam menjalani pembelajaran daring ini sebagian besar mengenai sulitnya belajar secara daring. Peneliti mewawancarai beberapa siswa kelas IV diniyah dan berdasarkan wawancara tersebut peneliti mendapat dua poin penting. Pertama, siswa kesulitan memahami materi pelajaran. Hampir semua materi pelajaran di madrasah diniyah adalah berkaitan dengan penggunaan bahasa Arab dan praktik. Seperti pelajaran Al- Quran, materi mengenai makharijul huruf atau tajwid, akan lebih sulit ketika belajar secara virtual. Solusi dari permasalahan ini adalah orang tua siap sedia mendampingi dan membimbing siswa selama pembelajaran daring. Selain itu, guru juga memberikan waktu untuk siswa bertanya jika ketika pembelajaran ada materi yang tidak dipahami. Kedua solusi tersebut cukup mengatasi permasalahan siswa yang mengalami kesulitan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 302,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 136,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Kedua, tidak semua siswa memiliki akses memakai gawai untuk pembelajaran daring. Ada beberapa siswa yang harus bergantian menggunakan gawai dengan kakaknya karena sama-sama melaksanakan pembelajaran daring. Ada pula siswa yang memang tidak memiliki gawai melainkan masih menggunakan HP jadul. Solusi yang diberikan sekolah untuk permasalahan ini adalah siswa yang tidak memiliki akses untuk pembelajaran daring boleh ikut dengan temannya yang punya akses, dengan catatan rumahnya berdekatan. Sehingga meskipun tidak memiliki akses, siswa tersebut tetap dapat mengikuti pembelajaran daring.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 447,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 177,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Kendala selanjutnya adalah dari pihak guru. Tidak semua guru bisa dan memahami cara pembelajaran daring ini. Beberapa guru yang sudah usia lanjut mengalami kesulitan ketika melaksanakan pembelajaran daring ini. Guru-guru tersebut belajar kembali mengenai teknologi yang dipakai dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring. Dengan demikian, beban guru pun bertambah. Selain harus menyiapkan perangkat pembelajaran untuk pembelajaran daring ini, guru juga harus kembali belajar mengenai teknologi. Solusi yang diberikan sekolah untuk permasalahan ini adalah mempersiapkan perangkat pembelajaran dilaksanakan bersama-sama dengan setiap guru di semua kelas. Sehingga guru yang tidak mampu menjadi dapat belajar bersama-sama.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 634,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 135,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Selain itu, permasalahan yang dihadapi guru dalam pembelajaran daring ini adalah kurang kondusifnya kelas virtual. Terkadang ketika pembelajaran berlangsung siswa tidak fokus pada penjelasan guru atau diskusi yang sedang berlangsung. Ditemui berbagai kasus siswa yang ketika pembelajaran berlangsung sambil melakukan kegiatan lain. Bahkan ada yang diganggu oleh adiknya ketika sedang belajar. Untuk memastikan siswa tetap mengikuti kelas dengan baik, guru memberlakukan untuk wajib menyalakan kamera ketika sedang video conference melalui Zoom . Sehingga guru dapat memantau kegiatan siswa selama\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 160,\n \"top\": 37,\n \"width\": 279,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 234,\n \"top\": 51,\n \"width\": 130,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Mei 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2 2014-2022 j.al-ulum Universitas Islam Madura\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 140,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 318,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"ISSN. 2355-0104 ojs.uim.ac.id E-ISSN. 2549-3833\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 508,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"146\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 95,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"pembelajaran berlangsung. Guru juga tidak lama-lama dalam memberikan materi pelajaran kepada siswa. Hal tersebut karena khawatir siswa akan jenuh atau hilang fokusnya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 137,\n \"width\": 65,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Kesimpulan\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 157,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 156,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Beradasarkan hasil observasi selama proses pembelajaran dan wawancara dengan pihak madrasah, kepala sekolah dan guru, dapat disimpulkan sebegai berikut: 1) Dapat terlihat bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring di Madrasah Miftahussa’adah III telah terlaksana cukup baik. Pihak sekolah dan orang tua bekerja sama dengan baik dalam proses pembelajaran daring ini. Hal itulah yang menjadi kunci suksesnya pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi ini. Peran guru sebagai perencana, pelaksana, dan yang mengevaluasi pembelajaran sangat besar. 2) Kendala dan permasalahan dalam proses pembelajaran ini terbagi menjadi dua bagian, yaitu siswa dan guru.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 323,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 115,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Kendala siswa meliputi: pertama, siswa kesulitan memahami materi pelajaran. Hampir semua materi pelajaran di madrasah diniyah adalah berkaitan dengan penggunaan bahasa Arab dan praktik. Kedua, tidak semua siswa memiliki akses memakai gawai untuk pembelajaran daring. Kendala guru antara lain: tidak semua guru bisa dan memahami cara pembelajaran daring ini dan kurang kondusifnya kelas virtual. Terkadang ketika pembelajaran berlangsung siswa tidak fokus pada penjelasan guru atau diskusi yang sedang berlangsung.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 447,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 198,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Dari setiap kendala dan permasalahan pada pembelajaran daring, terdapat beberapa solusi yang dapat dan telah diteranpkan, antara lain: solusi dari permasalahan kesulitan belajar adalah orang tua siap sedia mendampingi dan membimbing siswa selama pembelajaran daring. Selain itu, guru juga memberikan waktu untuk siswa bertanya jika ketika pembelajaran ada materi yang tidak dipahami. Kedua solusi tersebut cukup mengatasi permasalahan siswa yang mengalami kesulitan. Serta, solusi yang diberikan sekolah untuk permasalahan keterbatasan fasilitas adalah siswa yang tidak memiliki akses untuk pembelajaran daring boleh ikut dengan temannya yang punya akses, dengan catatan rumahnya berdekatan. Sehingga meskipun tidak memiliki akses, siswa tersebut tetap dapat mengikuti pembelajaran daring.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 654,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 115,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Solusi yang diberikan sekolah untuk permasalahan guru adalah mempersiapkan perangkat pembelajaran dilaksanakan bersama-sama dengan setiap guru di semua kelas. Sehingga guru yang tidak mampu menjadi dapat belajar bersama-sama. Serta, Untuk memastikan siswa tetap mengikuti kelas dengan baik, guru memberlakukan untuk wajib menyalakan kamera ketika sedang video conference melalui Zoom . Sehingga guru dapat memantau kegiatan siswa selama pembelajaran berlangsung.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 160,\n \"top\": 37,\n \"width\": 279,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 234,\n \"top\": 51,\n \"width\": 130,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Mei 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2 2014-2022 j.al-ulum Universitas Islam Madura\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 140,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 318,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"ISSN. 2355-0104 ojs.uim.ac.id E-ISSN. 2549-3833\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 508,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"147\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 95,\n \"width\": 81,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Daftar Pustaka\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 120,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 27,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Fatimah, Dewi. “Analisis Pembelajaran Daring pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Sekolah Dasar” Skripsi, Universitas Jambi, 2021.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 151,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Lubis, Masruroh dkk. “Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis E-Leraning (Studi Inovasi Pendidik MTS. PAI Medan di Tengah Wabah Covid-19),” Fitrah: Journal of Islamic Education (FJIE) 1 No. 1 (Juli 2020): 2, diakses: 13 Juli 2021, http://jurnal.staisumatera-medan.ac.id/index.php/fitrah\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 206,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Majid, Abdul. Perencanaan Pembelajaran: Mengembangkan Standar Kompetensi Guru. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 2011,\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 231,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 55,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Mubin, Muhammad Nurul. “Pembelajaran Daring Pendidikan Agama Islam di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Sekolah Menengah sederajat,” Heutagogia: Journal of Islamic Education 1 No. 1 (April 2021): 16, diakses: 13 Juli 2021, http://ejournal.uin- suka.ac.id\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 289,\n \"width\": 434,\n \"height\": 24,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Ratnawulan, Elis, H.A. Rusdiana. Evaluasi Pembelajaran. Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2017. Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Kombinasi: Mixed Methods. Bandung: Alfabeta cv., 2018.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 316,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 66,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Sujarweni, V. Wiratna Sujarweni. Metodologi Penelitian: Lengkap, Praktis, dan Mudah Dipahami. Yogyakarta: PUSTAKABARUPRESS, 2014. Sumantri, Agus, dkk. “Booklet Pembelajaran Daring”, Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi Kemdikbud RI, (2020): 6, diakses 13 Juli 2021, https://dikti.kemdikbud.go.id/wp- content/uploads/2020/12/Booklet-Pemebelajaran-Daring.pdf\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 385,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Surat Edaran Mendikbud No. 4 Tahun 2020 tentang Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Pendidikan dalam Masa Darurat Penyebaran Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19), (2020), diakses 13 Juli 2021, www.kemendikbud.go.id\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 427,\n \"width\": 457,\n \"height\": 66,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Surat Keputusan Bersama Menteri Pendidikan, Meteri Agama, Menteri Kesehatan dan Meteri Dalam Negeri tentang Panduan Penyelenggaraan Pembelajaran Pada Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021 dan Tahun Akademik 2020/2021 di Masa Pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19), (2020), diakses 13 Juli 2021, www.kemendikbud.go.id\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n }\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":1489,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"string","value":"b162bbd5-94d5-39d5-7471-25eaace4dd24"},"url":{"kind":"string","value":"http://jutif.if.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jurnal/article/download/1338/458"},"data":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"left":85,"top":56,"width":454,"height":22,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Jurnal Teknik Informatika (JUTIF) DOI: https://doi.org/10.52436/1.jutif.2024.5.2.1338 Vol. 5, No. 2, April 2024, pp. 357-365 p-ISSN: 2723-3863","type":"Table"},{"left":464,"top":78,"width":75,"height":11,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"e-ISSN: 2723-3871","type":"Text"},{"left":303,"top":787,"width":21,"height":13,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"357","type":"Page footer"},{"left":112,"top":99,"width":402,"height":24,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"DOCKER-BASED MONOLITHIC AND MICROSERVICES ARCHITECTURE PERFORMANCE COMPARISON","type":"Section header"},{"left":163,"top":136,"width":299,"height":10,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Deni Panji Dirgantara *1 , Dana Sulistyo Kusumo 2 , Rio Guntur Utomo 3","type":"Text"},{"left":126,"top":159,"width":374,"height":10,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"1,3 Information Technology Department, School of Computing, Telkom University, Indonesia","type":"Text"},{"left":130,"top":170,"width":367,"height":34,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"2 Software Engineering Department, School of Computing, Telkom University, Indonesia Email: 1 denipanjid@student.telkomuniversity.ac.id , 2 danakusumo@telkomuniversity.ac.id , 3 riogunturutomo@telkomuniversity.ac.id","type":"Text"},{"left":123,"top":218,"width":379,"height":9,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"(Article received: August 19, 2023; Revision: September 14, 2023; published: April 04, 2024)","type":"Text"},{"left":295,"top":241,"width":34,"height":9,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Abstract","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":264,"width":456,"height":181,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Most developers still use the monolithic architecture, where all components of an application are combined into one integrated system, so each part depends on other components. The monolithic architecture has weaknesses, such as when a failure occurs in one component, all parts cannot be executed because each component relies on one other component. Microservices can be a solution to this, considering that in the microservices architecture, each element or service is created and put separately, so when a failure occurs in one component, other components will not be affected and can still run normally. This research aims to determine the implementation and performance comparison between monolithic architecture and microservices Architecture in the Agreeculture Market web app. Agreeculture Market is a web application that aims to facilitate the transaction process of agricultural commodities and make it easier for agricultural commodity producers to market their products. The measurement method used to measure the performance of both architectures is load testing using JMeter and performance tools from task manager and comparing the response time, throughput, disk usage, CPU usage, and memory usage of both used architectures. With two measurement schemes with Docker and without Docker, the result of this research is a performance comparison between the two architectures, where the backend application Agreeculture Market, which uses microservices architecture with Docker and API gateway, performs better than the monolithic architecture version. Conversely, the monolithic architecture performs better than the microservices architecture in the scheme without Docker and API gateway.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":459,"width":398,"height":9,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Keywords : docker, microservices architecture, monolithic architecture, performance comparison.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":496,"width":101,"height":9,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"1. INTRODUCTION","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":513,"width":215,"height":124,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Monolithic Architecture is still popular among developers, especially beginners, because of its easier implementation [1], [2]. However, microservices architecture is widely used today because it has several advantages, such as easy service organisation, the ability to use different technologies, and the ability to make updates without the need to redeploy all services. On the other hand, Microservice Architecture also has disadvantages, such as increasing complexity as services boost and requiring advanced skills from developers [1], [3].","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":639,"width":215,"height":136,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Microservices architecture is an application architecture where each component or can be called services is placed separately from other services [2]. It differs from a monolithic architecture combining all services in one codebase. According to [6], microservices architecture has advantages in terms of scalability and also fast development cycles. The scalability of microservices architecture can be said to be better than monolithic architecture because it does not need to change many components to develop the entire application so that it can be easier and faster [6], [7]. in addition, microservices architecture also","type":"Text"},{"left":326,"top":495,"width":215,"height":21,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"has easier maintenance compared to monolithic architecture [8], [9].","type":"Text"},{"left":326,"top":518,"width":216,"height":101,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Docker container is necessary for developing and running microservices applications. Because, with docker container, the authors can run all services simultaneously [4]. In [5], the authors measured the performance of microservices applications using docker container and monolithic applications without using docker container, so a further approach is needed to measure microservices and monolithic performance with better scenarios.","type":"Text"},{"left":326,"top":622,"width":215,"height":112,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"This research aims to compare the implementation and performance between microservice architecture and monolithic architecture on the agreeculture market web app, hoping to show the advantages of using microservice architecture in terms of application efficiency and performance. Agreeculture Market is a web application that aims to facilitate the transaction process of agricultural commodities and make it easier for agricultural commodity producers to market their products.","type":"Text"},{"left":326,"top":737,"width":216,"height":43,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"This research is divided into five sections as follows: section one is the introduction of this paper, section two discusses related previous research, section three discusses the development method and","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":57,"width":312,"height":13,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"358 Jurnal Teknik Informatika (JUTIF) , Vol. 5, No. 2, April 2024, pp. 357-365","type":"Page header"},{"left":57,"top":87,"width":215,"height":55,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"structure of the application, section four discusses the results of the performance comparison analysis between microservices architecture and monolithic architecture, and section five contains conclusions and suggestions from the research conducted.","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":157,"width":66,"height":9,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"2. METHOD","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":174,"width":215,"height":78,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The authors use a conceptual model to facilitate the flow of development and performance testing of the Agreeculture Market backend web application. The flow of development and performance testing of the Agreeculture Market backend web application using Microservices Architecture technology is shown in the following figure 1.","type":"Text"},{"left":95,"top":389,"width":137,"height":7,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 1. Research Methodology Diagram","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":411,"width":215,"height":20,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"1. The problem identification stage is the stage where the authors identify existing problems.","type":"List item"},{"left":57,"top":434,"width":215,"height":43,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"2. At the literature study stage, the authors conducted a literature study of previous research to obtain a theoretical basis related to the research being conducted.","type":"List item"},{"left":57,"top":480,"width":215,"height":43,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"3. The authors started developing the Agreeculture Market backend web application at the application development stage with the NodeJS framework.","type":"List item"},{"left":57,"top":526,"width":215,"height":55,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"4. The performance analysis stage is where the authors take measurements and compares the measurement results between the applications built with the two architectures used, microservices and monolithic architectures.","type":"List item"},{"left":57,"top":583,"width":215,"height":32,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"5. After the performance analysis stage, the authors documented the entire research and conducted the documentation stage.","type":"List item"},{"left":57,"top":630,"width":190,"height":21,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"2.1. Structure of Agreeculture Market Web Application with Microservices Architecture","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":659,"width":215,"height":32,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Six services have different business objectives in the Agreeculture Market web application with Microservice Architecture shown in figure 2.","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":693,"width":215,"height":44,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"1. Wishlist Service aims to display and process data on items buyers want. Wishlist Service is run on port 8080 for API Gateway and port 9025 if without API Gateway.","type":"List item"},{"left":57,"top":739,"width":215,"height":44,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"2. Cart Service has the purpose of displaying and processing shopping list data from unpaid buyers. Cart Service is run on port 8080 for API Gateway and port 9010 without API Gateway.","type":"List item"},{"left":298,"top":87,"width":215,"height":55,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"3. User Service has the purpose of processing user data with an account on the Agreeculture Market and is divided into two roles: buyers and sellers. User Service is run on port 8080 for API Gateway and port 9000 without API Gateway.","type":"List item"},{"left":298,"top":145,"width":215,"height":55,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"4. Offer Service aims to provide offer data related to products in the Agreeculture Market web application to buyers. Offer Service is run on port 8080 for API Gateway and port 9015 without API Gateway.","type":"List item"},{"left":298,"top":202,"width":215,"height":55,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"5. Transaction Service aims to process data related to buyer transactions, such as transaction status and terms. Transaction Service is run on port 8080 for API Gateway and port 9005 without API Gateway.","type":"List item"},{"left":298,"top":260,"width":215,"height":55,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"6. Product Service aims to display and process product data in the Agreeculture Market Web Application. Product Service is run on port 8080 for API Gateway and port 9020 without API Gateway.","type":"List item"},{"left":298,"top":329,"width":188,"height":21,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"2.2. Structure of Agreeculture Market Web Application with Monolithic Architecture","type":"Section header"},{"left":298,"top":358,"width":215,"height":67,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The web application Agreeculture Market application structure with monolithic architecture has the same service structure as the microservice mrchitecture but is differentiated based on figure 3. Agreeculture Market Web Application with Monolithic Architecture runs on port 9001.","type":"Text"},{"left":298,"top":439,"width":134,"height":9,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"2.3. Performance Measurement","type":"Section header"},{"left":298,"top":457,"width":215,"height":78,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"In this study, the authors measured performance with the load testing method, and the tools used were JMeter [16]. There are two measurement schemes, the measurement scheme with the use of docker container and without docker container. Both architectures will be measured in each scheme, and the measurement results using the two architectures will be compared.","type":"Text"},{"left":300,"top":738,"width":211,"height":16,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 2. Microservices Architecture-based Service Agreeculture Market Structure Diagram","type":"Footnote"},{"left":264,"top":57,"width":274,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Deni Panji Dirgantara, et al., DOCKER-BASED MONOLITHIC AND … 359","type":"Page header"},{"left":92,"top":302,"width":201,"height":16,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 3. Monolithic Architecture-based Service Agreeculture Market Structure Diagram","type":"Caption"},{"left":90,"top":457,"width":205,"height":16,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 4a. CPU usage on microservices application on schemes with docker","type":"Picture"},{"left":86,"top":612,"width":212,"height":16,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 4b. CPU usage on monolithic application on schemes with docker","type":"Caption"},{"left":90,"top":768,"width":205,"height":16,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 4c. CPU usage on microservices application on schemes without docker","type":"Caption"},{"left":336,"top":215,"width":196,"height":16,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 4d. CPU usage on monolithic application on schemes without docker","type":"Picture"},{"left":331,"top":371,"width":205,"height":16,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 4e. Disk usage on microservices application on schemes with docker","type":"Caption"},{"left":328,"top":528,"width":210,"height":16,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 4f. Disk usage on monolithic application on schemes with docker","type":"Caption"},{"left":331,"top":684,"width":205,"height":16,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 4g. Disk usage on microservices application on schemes without docker","type":"Caption"},{"left":57,"top":57,"width":312,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"360 Jurnal Teknik Informatika (JUTIF) , Vol. 5, No. 2, April 2024, pp. 357-365","type":"Page header"},{"left":66,"top":213,"width":195,"height":170,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 4h. Disk usage on monolithic application on schemes without docker Figure 4i. Memory usage on microservices application on schemes with docker","type":"Picture"},{"left":61,"top":520,"width":206,"height":17,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 4j. Memory usage on monolithic application on schemes with docker","type":"Caption"},{"left":71,"top":674,"width":186,"height":16,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 4j. Memory usage on microservices application on schemes without docker","type":"Caption"},{"left":302,"top":210,"width":206,"height":16,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 4j. Memory usage on monolithic application on schemes without docker","type":"Picture"},{"left":306,"top":353,"width":198,"height":7,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 5a. User service response time on scheme with docker","type":"Caption"},{"left":310,"top":490,"width":190,"height":7,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 5b. User service throughput on scheme with docker","type":"Caption"},{"left":301,"top":631,"width":209,"height":7,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 5c. User service response time on scheme without docker","type":"Text"},{"left":305,"top":773,"width":200,"height":7,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 5d. User service throughput on scheme without docker","type":"Text"},{"left":264,"top":57,"width":274,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Deni Panji Dirgantara, et al., DOCKER-BASED MONOLITHIC AND … 361","type":"Page header"},{"left":88,"top":210,"width":208,"height":7,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 6a. Product service response time on scheme with docker","type":"Caption"},{"left":92,"top":352,"width":200,"height":7,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 6b. Product service throughput on scheme with docker","type":"Caption"},{"left":95,"top":493,"width":194,"height":7,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 6c. Product service response time on scheme without","type":"Caption"},{"left":180,"top":502,"width":24,"height":7,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"docker","type":"Picture"},{"left":87,"top":635,"width":210,"height":7,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 6d. Product service throughput on scheme without docker","type":"Caption"},{"left":94,"top":777,"width":197,"height":7,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 7a. Cart service response time on scheme with docker","type":"Caption"},{"left":330,"top":210,"width":207,"height":149,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 7b. Cart service throughput on scheme with docker Figure 7c. Cart service response time on scheme without docker","type":"Picture"},{"left":334,"top":484,"width":199,"height":7,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 7d. Cart service throughput on scheme without docker","type":"Caption"},{"left":335,"top":626,"width":197,"height":16,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 8a. Transaction service response time on scheme with docker","type":"Caption"},{"left":327,"top":777,"width":212,"height":7,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 8b. Transaction service throughput on scheme with docker","type":"Footnote"},{"left":57,"top":57,"width":312,"height":13,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"362 Jurnal Teknik Informatika (JUTIF) , Vol. 5, No. 2, April 2024, pp. 357-365","type":"Page header"},{"left":60,"top":204,"width":207,"height":16,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 8c. Transaction service response time on scheme without docker","type":"Caption"},{"left":65,"top":350,"width":198,"height":17,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 8d. Transaction service throughput on scheme without docker","type":"Caption"},{"left":59,"top":496,"width":210,"height":7,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 9a. Wishlist service response time on scheme with docker","type":"Caption"},{"left":63,"top":633,"width":201,"height":7,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 9b. Wishlist service throughput on scheme with docker","type":"Caption"},{"left":66,"top":767,"width":196,"height":16,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 9c. Wishlist service response time on scheme without docker","type":"Caption"},{"left":299,"top":207,"width":212,"height":145,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 9d. Wishlist service throughput on scheme without docker Figure 10a. Offer service response time on scheme with docker","type":"Picture"},{"left":307,"top":484,"width":196,"height":7,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 10b. Offer service throughput on scheme with docker","type":"Caption"},{"left":310,"top":622,"width":191,"height":16,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 10c. Offer service response time on scheme without docker","type":"Caption"},{"left":302,"top":770,"width":206,"height":7,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Figure 10d. Offer service throughput on scheme without docker","type":"Footnote"},{"left":264,"top":57,"width":274,"height":13,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Deni Panji Dirgantara, et al., DOCKER-BASED MONOLITHIC AND … 363","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":87,"width":61,"height":9,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"3. RESULT","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":105,"width":139,"height":9,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"3.1. Test Result and Comparison","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":122,"width":215,"height":251,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Evaluation of the Agreeculture Market web application is carried out by measuring the performance of the Agreeculture Market web application using monolithic architecture and microservices architecture. The parameters used during measurement are response time and throughput, which will be measured using JMeter, and CPU usage, disk usage, and memory usage, which will be measured using performance tools from the task manager. These parameters are sufficient to measure performance because the developed application is run on localhost [16]. The measurement schemes used is when the application is run using Docker and API Gateway and when the application is run without Docker and API Gateway. The measurement was carried out using the load testing method with the number of virtual users of 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500. After the measurement, the performance measurement results will be compared to determine which architecture is better in each test scheme. Tests were carried out on equipment with the characteristics presented below :","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":375,"width":214,"height":9,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"1. CPU : Intel Core i7-9750H @ 2.6 GHz 4.5GHz","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":387,"width":215,"height":32,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"2. OS: Windows 10 1909 with WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS installed","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":421,"width":75,"height":9,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"3. 16 GB RAM","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":433,"width":104,"height":9,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"4. 128 GB SSD ROM.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":456,"width":47,"height":9,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"3.2. Result","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":474,"width":151,"height":9,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"1. CPU, Disk, and Memory Usage","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":485,"width":215,"height":170,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The comparative analysis of CPU, disk, and memory usage shows differences in the results of the two test schemes. In the docker usage scheme on figures 4a – 4c, microservices applications’ average memory and disk usage has lower results than monolithic applications. This is due to API gateway and load balancer in the microservices application run on docker to connect each existing service. On the other hand, in the scheme without the use of docker, the average CPU and disk usage of monolithic applications has lower results in most services in figures 4d – 4f. The absence of API gateway and load balancer is why this can happen. Because in the scheme without docker, microservices applications run on different ports.","type":"Text"},{"left":103,"top":658,"width":74,"height":9,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"2. User Service","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":669,"width":215,"height":101,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"User service based on figures 5a and 5b, the microservice applications yield better performance than monolithic applications on docker deployment schemes. This is due to API gateway and load balancer use in microservice applications that connect each service. But on the other hand, based on figure 5b, monolithic applications perform better on most services than microservice applications on schemes without docker. In the scheme without docker,","type":"Text"},{"left":326,"top":87,"width":215,"height":32,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"microservice applications do not use API gateway and load balancer and run on separate ports. 3. Product Service","type":"Text"},{"left":326,"top":122,"width":216,"height":147,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Based on figures 6a and 6b, product service on microservices architecture and docker performs better than applications that use monolithic architecture in response time and throughput. This is due to the use of API Gateway and Load Balancer, where both are used to connect each service in the microservices application. But in the scheme without Docker in figures 6c and 6d, monolithic applications have better performance mostly on all services than microservices applications. This can happen because services in microservice applications run on separate ports, and there is no use of API gateway and load balancer in microservices applications.","type":"Text"},{"left":326,"top":271,"width":74,"height":9,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"4. Cart Service","type":"Text"},{"left":326,"top":283,"width":216,"height":158,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Based on figure 7a and 7b, the performance of applications that use microservices architecture with Docker have better response time and throughput than applications that use monolithic architecture. API gateway and load balancer are why microservices applications perform better than monolithic applications in the Docker deployment scheme. On the other hand, in the scheme without the use of docker on figure 7c and 7d, the monolithic application performs better in all services due to the non-use of API gateway and load balancer. In the scheme without ocker, microservices applications run on a separate port for each service so that they perform worse than monolithic applications.","type":"Text"},{"left":326,"top":444,"width":107,"height":9,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"5. Transaction Service","type":"List item"},{"left":326,"top":455,"width":216,"height":124,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Based on figure 8a and 8b, microservice applications yield better performance in transaction service than monolithic applications on docker deployment schemes. This is due to API gateway and load balancer use in microservice applications that connect each service. On the other hand, on figure 8c and 8d, monolithic applications perform better on most services than microservice applications on schemes without docker. In the scheme without Docker, microservice applications do not use API gateway and load balancer and run on separate ports.","type":"Text"},{"left":326,"top":582,"width":90,"height":9,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"6. Wishlist Service","type":"List item"},{"left":326,"top":593,"width":216,"height":147,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Based on figures 9a and 9b, wishlist service on microservices architecture and Docker performs better than applications that use monolithic architecture in response time and throughput. This is due to the use of API gateway and load balancer, where both are used to connect each service in the microservices application. But monolithic applications perform better in almost all services than the scheme’s microservices applications without docker on figure 9c and 9d. This can happen because services in microservice applications run on separate ports, and there is no use of API gateway and load Balancer in microservices applications.","type":"Text"},{"left":326,"top":743,"width":81,"height":9,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"7. Offer Service","type":"List item"},{"left":326,"top":754,"width":216,"height":21,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Based on figure 10a and 10b, the offer service in microservices applications performs better than","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":57,"width":312,"height":13,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"364 Jurnal Teknik Informatika (JUTIF) , Vol. 5, No. 2, April 2024, pp. 357-365","type":"Page header"},{"left":57,"top":87,"width":215,"height":124,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"monolithic applications. API gateway and load balancer are why microservices application perform better than monolithic application in the docker deployment scheme. On the other hand, in the scheme without Docker on figure 10c and 10d, the monolithic application has better performance almost in all services due to the non-use of API gateway and load balancer. In the scheme without docker, microservices application run on separate port for each services so they perform worse than monolithic application.","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":226,"width":65,"height":9,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"3.3. Discussion","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":243,"width":215,"height":435,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Of the six services that have been measured and compared, all applications that use microservices architecture with docker perform better than those that use monolithic architecture with docker’s help in response time and throughput. CPU and disk usage of microservices architecture has a lower average when compared to monolithic architecture. However, the memory usage of microservices architecture and monolithic architecture applications have the same average memory consumption due to docker, which consumes more than when the application runs without docker. Conversely, the performance of monolithic architecture without the use of docker has a higher value when compared to microservices architecture, even though, in some test cases, microservices architecture still performs better. This is because when the microservices architecture application is run without docker, each service is on a different port. In contrast, in the use of docker, each service is connected using API gateway and runs only on one port and the application load balancer from the API gateway used, namely NGINX, which also affects the performance improvement of microservices architecture. In this research, the authors compare the performance between microservices and monolithic architectures in contrast to previous research. The study that is the reference of this research [3], [5], [7]–[10], Some of these studies use different development technologies and performance measurement methods and tools. In addition, some of the referenced studies only produce applications without performance measurement. To complement the research study that is the reference of this research [11], [13]–[15], The authors of this research complements previous research by performing performance comparisons between microservices and monolithic architectures running in Docker Container and on-premises environments.","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":693,"width":88,"height":9,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"4. CONCLUSION","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":710,"width":215,"height":66,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Based on the comparison of the results of performance tests that have been carried out using the load testing method, it can be concluded that the Agreeculture Market web backend application that uses microservices architecture has better performance than applications that use monolithic","type":"Text"},{"left":298,"top":87,"width":215,"height":354,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"architecture in terms of response time and application throughput in the docker usage scheme. However, when the application is run without API gateway and docker, monolithic architecture performs better in almost every service, even though microservice architecture performs better in some test cases. In addition, the use of API gateway also affects the performance improvement of microservices architecture, where the API gateway already has a load balancer. In this research [5], microservices applications with docker container perform better than monolithic applications that run on a local environment. However, in research related to Agreeculture Market, the two architectures have different results between those run on docker container and the local environment. With the docker container, microservices applications produce better performance than monolithic applications. Conversely, monolithic applications performed better than microservices applications when both architectures were run on a local environment. The impact of this research is to know the efficiency and performance of microservices and monolithic architectures when using docker dontainer or without docker container. Remember that this research still uses the Docker environment and NoSQL database. This research can be expanded and developed by deploying applications and combining NoSQL and SQL databases in a cloud-based environment. Further research and more sophisticated technology are needed to get more valid results.","type":"Text"},{"left":298,"top":456,"width":70,"height":9,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"REFERENCES","type":"Section header"},{"left":298,"top":471,"width":215,"height":57,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[1] M. E. Gortney et al. , “Visualizing Microservice Architecture in the Dynamic Perspective: A Systematic Mapping Study,” IEEE Access , vol. 10. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., pp. 119999–","type":"Text"},{"left":298,"top":531,"width":215,"height":35,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"120012, 2022. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3221130. [2]","type":"Table"},{"left":298,"top":555,"width":215,"height":71,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"C. V. Dave, “Microservices Software Architecture: A Review,” Int J Res Appl Sci Eng Technol , vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 1494–1496, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.22214/ijraset.2021.39036. [3]","type":"Table"},{"left":298,"top":615,"width":215,"height":164,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"J. A. Rasheedh and S. Saradha, “Design and Development of Resilient Microservices Architecture for Cloud Based Applications using Hybrid Design Patterns,” Indian Journal of Computer Science and Engineering , vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 365–378, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.21817/indjcse/2022/v13i2/221302067. [4] N. Singh et al. , “Load balancing and service discovery using Docker Swarm for microservice based big data applications,” Journal of Cloud Computing , vol. 12, no. 1, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.1186/s13677-022-00358- 7.","type":"Text"},{"left":264,"top":57,"width":274,"height":13,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Deni Panji Dirgantara, et al., DOCKER-BASED MONOLITHIC AND … 365","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":85,"width":215,"height":11,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[5] K. Gos and W. Zabierowski, “The","type":"List item"},{"left":117,"top":99,"width":183,"height":55,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Comparison of Microservice and Monolithic Architecture,” in International Conference on Perspective Technologies and Methods in MEMS Design , 2020, pp. 150–153. doi: 10.1109/MEMSTECH49584.2020.9109514.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":157,"width":215,"height":34,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[6] A. Bucchiarone et al. , “From Monolithic to Microservices An Experience Report from the Banking Domain,” 2018.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":195,"width":215,"height":34,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[7] J. Xiang, “Microservices-based Dating Platform,” 2021. [Online]. Available: https://martinfowler.com/articles/","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":234,"width":215,"height":9,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[8] J. Ferdinand, A. Syahrina, and A.","type":"List item"},{"left":117,"top":244,"width":183,"height":57,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Musnansyah, “PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR PERANGKAT LUNAK MICROSERVICES PADA APLIKASI OPEN LIBRARY UNIVERSITAS TELKOM MENGGUNAKAN gRPC,”","type":"Table"},{"left":117,"top":303,"width":135,"height":9,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"TELKATIKA , vol. 1, no. 2, 2022.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":318,"width":215,"height":43,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[9] G. Blinowski, A. Ojdowska, and A. Przybylek, “Monolithic vs. Microservice Architecture: A Performance and Scalability Evaluation,” IEEE Access , vol. 10, pp.","type":"List item"},{"left":117,"top":364,"width":183,"height":20,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"20357–20374, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3152803.","type":"Table"},{"left":85,"top":390,"width":215,"height":43,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[10] F. Ponce Mella, G. Márquez, H. Astudillo, and F. Ponce, “Migrating from monolithic architecture to microservices: A Rapid Review BaaS-SE Blockchain as a Service for","type":"List item"},{"left":117,"top":436,"width":183,"height":66,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Stock Exchange View project TacPat4SS- Empirical evaluation of tactics and patterns for building secure systems View project Migrating from monolithic architecture to microservices: A Rapid Review,” 2019. [Online].","type":"Text"},{"left":117,"top":493,"width":183,"height":21,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/33","type":"Table"},{"left":117,"top":516,"width":38,"height":9,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"5716451","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":531,"width":215,"height":55,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[11] I. Braun, M. Hoffmann, and R. Mörseburg, IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB-BASED AUDIENCE RESPONSE SYSTEM AS MICROSERVICE APPLICATION VS. MONOLITHIC APPLICATION . 2019.","type":"Table"},{"left":85,"top":589,"width":215,"height":11,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[12] Óbudai Egyetem, IEEE Hungary Section, M.","type":"List item"},{"left":117,"top":603,"width":183,"height":43,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"IEEE Systems, Hungarian Fuzzy Association, and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 18th IEEE International Symposium on Computational","type":"Table"},{"left":117,"top":647,"width":183,"height":22,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Intelligence and Informatics : proceedings : 2018 November 21-22, Budapest.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":675,"width":132,"height":9,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[13] S. Jhingran and","type":"Text"},{"left":117,"top":675,"width":183,"height":43,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"N. Rakesh, “PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF MICROSERVICES BEHAVIOR IN CLOUD VS CONTAINERIZED DOMAIN","type":"Table"},{"left":117,"top":719,"width":183,"height":34,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"BASED ON CPU UTILIZATION,” Journal of Data Acquisition and Processing , vol. 38, no. 2, p. 3221, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.777159.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":756,"width":215,"height":11,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[14] P. Sharad Salunkhe, “Microservices vs","type":"List item"},{"left":117,"top":770,"width":183,"height":9,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Monolithic Architecture: Load Testing in","type":"Text"},{"left":326,"top":87,"width":215,"height":47,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"AWS on ReactJS Web Application for Performance MSc Research Project Programme Name.” [15] N. Goncalves, D. Faustino, A. R. Silva, and","type":"Table"},{"left":358,"top":134,"width":184,"height":92,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"M. Portela, “Monolith Modularization towards Microservices: Refactoring and Performance Trade-offs,” in Proceedings - 2021 IEEE 18th International Conference on Software Architecture Companion, ICSA-C 2021 , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., Mar. 2021, pp. 54–61. doi: 10.1109/ICSA-C52384.2021.00015.","type":"List item"},{"left":326,"top":229,"width":215,"height":23,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"[16] D. Demashov, “Efficiency Evaluation of Node.js Web-Server Frameworks,” 2019.","type":"List item"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 56,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Teknik Informatika (JUTIF) DOI: https://doi.org/10.52436/1.jutif.2024.5.2.1338 Vol. 5, No. 2, April 2024, pp. 357-365 p-ISSN: 2723-3863\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 464,\n \"top\": 78,\n \"width\": 75,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"e-ISSN: 2723-3871\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 303,\n \"top\": 787,\n \"width\": 21,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"357\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 112,\n \"top\": 99,\n \"width\": 402,\n \"height\": 24,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"DOCKER-BASED MONOLITHIC AND MICROSERVICES ARCHITECTURE PERFORMANCE COMPARISON\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 163,\n \"top\": 136,\n \"width\": 299,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Deni Panji Dirgantara *1 , Dana Sulistyo Kusumo 2 , Rio Guntur Utomo 3\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 126,\n \"top\": 159,\n \"width\": 374,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"1,3 Information Technology Department, School of Computing, Telkom University, Indonesia\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 130,\n \"top\": 170,\n \"width\": 367,\n \"height\": 34,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"2 Software Engineering Department, School of Computing, Telkom University, Indonesia Email: 1 denipanjid@student.telkomuniversity.ac.id , 2 danakusumo@telkomuniversity.ac.id , 3 riogunturutomo@telkomuniversity.ac.id\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 123,\n \"top\": 218,\n \"width\": 379,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"(Article received: August 19, 2023; Revision: September 14, 2023; published: April 04, 2024)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 295,\n \"top\": 241,\n \"width\": 34,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Abstract\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 264,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 181,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Most developers still use the monolithic architecture, where all components of an application are combined into one integrated system, so each part depends on other components. The monolithic architecture has weaknesses, such as when a failure occurs in one component, all parts cannot be executed because each component relies on one other component. Microservices can be a solution to this, considering that in the microservices architecture, each element or service is created and put separately, so when a failure occurs in one component, other components will not be affected and can still run normally. This research aims to determine the implementation and performance comparison between monolithic architecture and microservices Architecture in the Agreeculture Market web app. Agreeculture Market is a web application that aims to facilitate the transaction process of agricultural commodities and make it easier for agricultural commodity producers to market their products. The measurement method used to measure the performance of both architectures is load testing using JMeter and performance tools from task manager and comparing the response time, throughput, disk usage, CPU usage, and memory usage of both used architectures. With two measurement schemes with Docker and without Docker, the result of this research is a performance comparison between the two architectures, where the backend application Agreeculture Market, which uses microservices architecture with Docker and API gateway, performs better than the monolithic architecture version. Conversely, the monolithic architecture performs better than the microservices architecture in the scheme without Docker and API gateway.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 459,\n \"width\": 398,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Keywords : docker, microservices architecture, monolithic architecture, performance comparison.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 496,\n \"width\": 101,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"1. INTRODUCTION\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 513,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 124,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Monolithic Architecture is still popular among developers, especially beginners, because of its easier implementation [1], [2]. However, microservices architecture is widely used today because it has several advantages, such as easy service organisation, the ability to use different technologies, and the ability to make updates without the need to redeploy all services. On the other hand, Microservice Architecture also has disadvantages, such as increasing complexity as services boost and requiring advanced skills from developers [1], [3].\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 639,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 136,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Microservices architecture is an application architecture where each component or can be called services is placed separately from other services [2]. It differs from a monolithic architecture combining all services in one codebase. According to [6], microservices architecture has advantages in terms of scalability and also fast development cycles. The scalability of microservices architecture can be said to be better than monolithic architecture because it does not need to change many components to develop the entire application so that it can be easier and faster [6], [7]. in addition, microservices architecture also\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 326,\n \"top\": 495,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"has easier maintenance compared to monolithic architecture [8], [9].\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 326,\n \"top\": 518,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 101,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Docker container is necessary for developing and running microservices applications. Because, with docker container, the authors can run all services simultaneously [4]. In [5], the authors measured the performance of microservices applications using docker container and monolithic applications without using docker container, so a further approach is needed to measure microservices and monolithic performance with better scenarios.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 326,\n \"top\": 622,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 112,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"This research aims to compare the implementation and performance between microservice architecture and monolithic architecture on the agreeculture market web app, hoping to show the advantages of using microservice architecture in terms of application efficiency and performance. Agreeculture Market is a web application that aims to facilitate the transaction process of agricultural commodities and make it easier for agricultural commodity producers to market their products.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 326,\n \"top\": 737,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 43,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"This research is divided into five sections as follows: section one is the introduction of this paper, section two discusses related previous research, section three discusses the development method and\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 57,\n \"width\": 312,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"358 Jurnal Teknik Informatika (JUTIF) , Vol. 5, No. 2, April 2024, pp. 357-365\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 87,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 55,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"structure of the application, section four discusses the results of the performance comparison analysis between microservices architecture and monolithic architecture, and section five contains conclusions and suggestions from the research conducted.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 157,\n \"width\": 66,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"2. METHOD\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 174,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 78,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The authors use a conceptual model to facilitate the flow of development and performance testing of the Agreeculture Market backend web application. The flow of development and performance testing of the Agreeculture Market backend web application using Microservices Architecture technology is shown in the following figure 1.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 95,\n \"top\": 389,\n \"width\": 137,\n \"height\": 7,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 1. Research Methodology Diagram\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 411,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 20,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"1. The problem identification stage is the stage where the authors identify existing problems.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 434,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 43,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"2. At the literature study stage, the authors conducted a literature study of previous research to obtain a theoretical basis related to the research being conducted.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 480,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 43,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"3. The authors started developing the Agreeculture Market backend web application at the application development stage with the NodeJS framework.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 526,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 55,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"4. The performance analysis stage is where the authors take measurements and compares the measurement results between the applications built with the two architectures used, microservices and monolithic architectures.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 583,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"5. After the performance analysis stage, the authors documented the entire research and conducted the documentation stage.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 630,\n \"width\": 190,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"2.1. Structure of Agreeculture Market Web Application with Microservices Architecture\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 659,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Six services have different business objectives in the Agreeculture Market web application with Microservice Architecture shown in figure 2.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 693,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 44,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"1. Wishlist Service aims to display and process data on items buyers want. Wishlist Service is run on port 8080 for API Gateway and port 9025 if without API Gateway.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 739,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 44,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"2. Cart Service has the purpose of displaying and processing shopping list data from unpaid buyers. Cart Service is run on port 8080 for API Gateway and port 9010 without API Gateway.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 298,\n \"top\": 87,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 55,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"3. User Service has the purpose of processing user data with an account on the Agreeculture Market and is divided into two roles: buyers and sellers. User Service is run on port 8080 for API Gateway and port 9000 without API Gateway.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 298,\n \"top\": 145,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 55,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"4. Offer Service aims to provide offer data related to products in the Agreeculture Market web application to buyers. Offer Service is run on port 8080 for API Gateway and port 9015 without API Gateway.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 298,\n \"top\": 202,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 55,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"5. Transaction Service aims to process data related to buyer transactions, such as transaction status and terms. Transaction Service is run on port 8080 for API Gateway and port 9005 without API Gateway.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 298,\n \"top\": 260,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 55,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"6. Product Service aims to display and process product data in the Agreeculture Market Web Application. Product Service is run on port 8080 for API Gateway and port 9020 without API Gateway.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 298,\n \"top\": 329,\n \"width\": 188,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"2.2. Structure of Agreeculture Market Web Application with Monolithic Architecture\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 298,\n \"top\": 358,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 67,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The web application Agreeculture Market application structure with monolithic architecture has the same service structure as the microservice mrchitecture but is differentiated based on figure 3. Agreeculture Market Web Application with Monolithic Architecture runs on port 9001.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 298,\n \"top\": 439,\n \"width\": 134,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"2.3. Performance Measurement\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 298,\n \"top\": 457,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 78,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"In this study, the authors measured performance with the load testing method, and the tools used were JMeter [16]. There are two measurement schemes, the measurement scheme with the use of docker container and without docker container. Both architectures will be measured in each scheme, and the measurement results using the two architectures will be compared.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 300,\n \"top\": 738,\n \"width\": 211,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 2. Microservices Architecture-based Service Agreeculture Market Structure Diagram\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 264,\n \"top\": 57,\n \"width\": 274,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Deni Panji Dirgantara, et al., DOCKER-BASED MONOLITHIC AND … 359\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 92,\n \"top\": 302,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 3. Monolithic Architecture-based Service Agreeculture Market Structure Diagram\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 90,\n \"top\": 457,\n \"width\": 205,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 4a. CPU usage on microservices application on schemes with docker\",\n \"type\": \"Picture\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 612,\n \"width\": 212,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 4b. CPU usage on monolithic application on schemes with docker\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 90,\n \"top\": 768,\n \"width\": 205,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 4c. CPU usage on microservices application on schemes without docker\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 336,\n \"top\": 215,\n \"width\": 196,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 4d. CPU usage on monolithic application on schemes without docker\",\n \"type\": \"Picture\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 331,\n \"top\": 371,\n \"width\": 205,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 4e. Disk usage on microservices application on schemes with docker\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 328,\n \"top\": 528,\n \"width\": 210,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 4f. Disk usage on monolithic application on schemes with docker\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 331,\n \"top\": 684,\n \"width\": 205,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 4g. Disk usage on microservices application on schemes without docker\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 57,\n \"width\": 312,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"360 Jurnal Teknik Informatika (JUTIF) , Vol. 5, No. 2, April 2024, pp. 357-365\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 66,\n \"top\": 213,\n \"width\": 195,\n \"height\": 170,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 4h. Disk usage on monolithic application on schemes without docker Figure 4i. Memory usage on microservices application on schemes with docker\",\n \"type\": \"Picture\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 61,\n \"top\": 520,\n \"width\": 206,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 4j. Memory usage on monolithic application on schemes with docker\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 674,\n \"width\": 186,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 4j. Memory usage on microservices application on schemes without docker\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 302,\n \"top\": 210,\n \"width\": 206,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 4j. Memory usage on monolithic application on schemes without docker\",\n \"type\": \"Picture\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 306,\n \"top\": 353,\n \"width\": 198,\n \"height\": 7,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 5a. User service response time on scheme with docker\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 310,\n \"top\": 490,\n \"width\": 190,\n \"height\": 7,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 5b. User service throughput on scheme with docker\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 301,\n \"top\": 631,\n \"width\": 209,\n \"height\": 7,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 5c. User service response time on scheme without docker\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 305,\n \"top\": 773,\n \"width\": 200,\n \"height\": 7,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 5d. User service throughput on scheme without docker\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 264,\n \"top\": 57,\n \"width\": 274,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Deni Panji Dirgantara, et al., DOCKER-BASED MONOLITHIC AND … 361\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 88,\n \"top\": 210,\n \"width\": 208,\n \"height\": 7,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 6a. Product service response time on scheme with docker\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 92,\n \"top\": 352,\n \"width\": 200,\n \"height\": 7,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 6b. Product service throughput on scheme with docker\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 95,\n \"top\": 493,\n \"width\": 194,\n \"height\": 7,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 6c. Product service response time on scheme without\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 180,\n \"top\": 502,\n \"width\": 24,\n \"height\": 7,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"docker\",\n \"type\": \"Picture\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 87,\n \"top\": 635,\n \"width\": 210,\n \"height\": 7,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 6d. Product service throughput on scheme without docker\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 94,\n \"top\": 777,\n \"width\": 197,\n \"height\": 7,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 7a. Cart service response time on scheme with docker\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 330,\n \"top\": 210,\n \"width\": 207,\n \"height\": 149,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 7b. Cart service throughput on scheme with docker Figure 7c. Cart service response time on scheme without docker\",\n \"type\": \"Picture\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 334,\n \"top\": 484,\n \"width\": 199,\n \"height\": 7,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 7d. Cart service throughput on scheme without docker\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 335,\n \"top\": 626,\n \"width\": 197,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 8a. Transaction service response time on scheme with docker\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 327,\n \"top\": 777,\n \"width\": 212,\n \"height\": 7,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 8b. Transaction service throughput on scheme with docker\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 57,\n \"width\": 312,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"362 Jurnal Teknik Informatika (JUTIF) , Vol. 5, No. 2, April 2024, pp. 357-365\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 60,\n \"top\": 204,\n \"width\": 207,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 8c. Transaction service response time on scheme without docker\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 65,\n \"top\": 350,\n \"width\": 198,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 8d. Transaction service throughput on scheme without docker\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 59,\n \"top\": 496,\n \"width\": 210,\n \"height\": 7,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 9a. Wishlist service response time on scheme with docker\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 63,\n \"top\": 633,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 7,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 9b. Wishlist service throughput on scheme with docker\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 66,\n \"top\": 767,\n \"width\": 196,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 9c. Wishlist service response time on scheme without docker\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 299,\n \"top\": 207,\n \"width\": 212,\n \"height\": 145,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 9d. Wishlist service throughput on scheme without docker Figure 10a. Offer service response time on scheme with docker\",\n \"type\": \"Picture\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 307,\n \"top\": 484,\n \"width\": 196,\n \"height\": 7,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 10b. Offer service throughput on scheme with docker\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 310,\n \"top\": 622,\n \"width\": 191,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 10c. Offer service response time on scheme without docker\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 302,\n \"top\": 770,\n \"width\": 206,\n \"height\": 7,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Figure 10d. Offer service throughput on scheme without docker\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 264,\n \"top\": 57,\n \"width\": 274,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Deni Panji Dirgantara, et al., DOCKER-BASED MONOLITHIC AND … 363\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 87,\n \"width\": 61,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"3. RESULT\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 105,\n \"width\": 139,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"3.1. Test Result and Comparison\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 122,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 251,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Evaluation of the Agreeculture Market web application is carried out by measuring the performance of the Agreeculture Market web application using monolithic architecture and microservices architecture. The parameters used during measurement are response time and throughput, which will be measured using JMeter, and CPU usage, disk usage, and memory usage, which will be measured using performance tools from the task manager. These parameters are sufficient to measure performance because the developed application is run on localhost [16]. The measurement schemes used is when the application is run using Docker and API Gateway and when the application is run without Docker and API Gateway. The measurement was carried out using the load testing method with the number of virtual users of 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500. After the measurement, the performance measurement results will be compared to determine which architecture is better in each test scheme. Tests were carried out on equipment with the characteristics presented below :\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 375,\n \"width\": 214,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"1. CPU : Intel Core i7-9750H @ 2.6 GHz 4.5GHz\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 387,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"2. OS: Windows 10 1909 with WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS installed\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 421,\n \"width\": 75,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"3. 16 GB RAM\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 433,\n \"width\": 104,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"4. 128 GB SSD ROM.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 456,\n \"width\": 47,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"3.2. Result\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 474,\n \"width\": 151,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"1. CPU, Disk, and Memory Usage\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 485,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 170,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The comparative analysis of CPU, disk, and memory usage shows differences in the results of the two test schemes. In the docker usage scheme on figures 4a – 4c, microservices applications’ average memory and disk usage has lower results than monolithic applications. This is due to API gateway and load balancer in the microservices application run on docker to connect each existing service. On the other hand, in the scheme without the use of docker, the average CPU and disk usage of monolithic applications has lower results in most services in figures 4d – 4f. The absence of API gateway and load balancer is why this can happen. Because in the scheme without docker, microservices applications run on different ports.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 658,\n \"width\": 74,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"2. User Service\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 669,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 101,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"User service based on figures 5a and 5b, the microservice applications yield better performance than monolithic applications on docker deployment schemes. This is due to API gateway and load balancer use in microservice applications that connect each service. But on the other hand, based on figure 5b, monolithic applications perform better on most services than microservice applications on schemes without docker. In the scheme without docker,\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 326,\n \"top\": 87,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"microservice applications do not use API gateway and load balancer and run on separate ports. 3. Product Service\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 326,\n \"top\": 122,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 147,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Based on figures 6a and 6b, product service on microservices architecture and docker performs better than applications that use monolithic architecture in response time and throughput. This is due to the use of API Gateway and Load Balancer, where both are used to connect each service in the microservices application. But in the scheme without Docker in figures 6c and 6d, monolithic applications have better performance mostly on all services than microservices applications. This can happen because services in microservice applications run on separate ports, and there is no use of API gateway and load balancer in microservices applications.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 326,\n \"top\": 271,\n \"width\": 74,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"4. Cart Service\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 326,\n \"top\": 283,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 158,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Based on figure 7a and 7b, the performance of applications that use microservices architecture with Docker have better response time and throughput than applications that use monolithic architecture. API gateway and load balancer are why microservices applications perform better than monolithic applications in the Docker deployment scheme. On the other hand, in the scheme without the use of docker on figure 7c and 7d, the monolithic application performs better in all services due to the non-use of API gateway and load balancer. In the scheme without ocker, microservices applications run on a separate port for each service so that they perform worse than monolithic applications.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 326,\n \"top\": 444,\n \"width\": 107,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"5. Transaction Service\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 326,\n \"top\": 455,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 124,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Based on figure 8a and 8b, microservice applications yield better performance in transaction service than monolithic applications on docker deployment schemes. This is due to API gateway and load balancer use in microservice applications that connect each service. On the other hand, on figure 8c and 8d, monolithic applications perform better on most services than microservice applications on schemes without docker. In the scheme without Docker, microservice applications do not use API gateway and load balancer and run on separate ports.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 326,\n \"top\": 582,\n \"width\": 90,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"6. Wishlist Service\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 326,\n \"top\": 593,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 147,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Based on figures 9a and 9b, wishlist service on microservices architecture and Docker performs better than applications that use monolithic architecture in response time and throughput. This is due to the use of API gateway and load balancer, where both are used to connect each service in the microservices application. But monolithic applications perform better in almost all services than the scheme’s microservices applications without docker on figure 9c and 9d. This can happen because services in microservice applications run on separate ports, and there is no use of API gateway and load Balancer in microservices applications.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 326,\n \"top\": 743,\n \"width\": 81,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"7. Offer Service\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 326,\n \"top\": 754,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Based on figure 10a and 10b, the offer service in microservices applications performs better than\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 57,\n \"width\": 312,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"364 Jurnal Teknik Informatika (JUTIF) , Vol. 5, No. 2, April 2024, pp. 357-365\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 87,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 124,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"monolithic applications. API gateway and load balancer are why microservices application perform better than monolithic application in the docker deployment scheme. On the other hand, in the scheme without Docker on figure 10c and 10d, the monolithic application has better performance almost in all services due to the non-use of API gateway and load balancer. In the scheme without docker, microservices application run on separate port for each services so they perform worse than monolithic application.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 226,\n \"width\": 65,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"3.3. Discussion\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 243,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 435,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Of the six services that have been measured and compared, all applications that use microservices architecture with docker perform better than those that use monolithic architecture with docker’s help in response time and throughput. CPU and disk usage of microservices architecture has a lower average when compared to monolithic architecture. However, the memory usage of microservices architecture and monolithic architecture applications have the same average memory consumption due to docker, which consumes more than when the application runs without docker. Conversely, the performance of monolithic architecture without the use of docker has a higher value when compared to microservices architecture, even though, in some test cases, microservices architecture still performs better. This is because when the microservices architecture application is run without docker, each service is on a different port. In contrast, in the use of docker, each service is connected using API gateway and runs only on one port and the application load balancer from the API gateway used, namely NGINX, which also affects the performance improvement of microservices architecture. In this research, the authors compare the performance between microservices and monolithic architectures in contrast to previous research. The study that is the reference of this research [3], [5], [7]–[10], Some of these studies use different development technologies and performance measurement methods and tools. In addition, some of the referenced studies only produce applications without performance measurement. To complement the research study that is the reference of this research [11], [13]–[15], The authors of this research complements previous research by performing performance comparisons between microservices and monolithic architectures running in Docker Container and on-premises environments.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 693,\n \"width\": 88,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"4. CONCLUSION\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 710,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 66,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Based on the comparison of the results of performance tests that have been carried out using the load testing method, it can be concluded that the Agreeculture Market web backend application that uses microservices architecture has better performance than applications that use monolithic\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 298,\n \"top\": 87,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 354,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"architecture in terms of response time and application throughput in the docker usage scheme. However, when the application is run without API gateway and docker, monolithic architecture performs better in almost every service, even though microservice architecture performs better in some test cases. In addition, the use of API gateway also affects the performance improvement of microservices architecture, where the API gateway already has a load balancer. In this research [5], microservices applications with docker container perform better than monolithic applications that run on a local environment. However, in research related to Agreeculture Market, the two architectures have different results between those run on docker container and the local environment. With the docker container, microservices applications produce better performance than monolithic applications. Conversely, monolithic applications performed better than microservices applications when both architectures were run on a local environment. The impact of this research is to know the efficiency and performance of microservices and monolithic architectures when using docker dontainer or without docker container. Remember that this research still uses the Docker environment and NoSQL database. This research can be expanded and developed by deploying applications and combining NoSQL and SQL databases in a cloud-based environment. Further research and more sophisticated technology are needed to get more valid results.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 298,\n \"top\": 456,\n \"width\": 70,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"REFERENCES\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 298,\n \"top\": 471,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 57,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[1] M. E. Gortney et al. , “Visualizing Microservice Architecture in the Dynamic Perspective: A Systematic Mapping Study,” IEEE Access , vol. 10. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., pp. 119999–\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 298,\n \"top\": 531,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"120012, 2022. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3221130. [2]\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 298,\n \"top\": 555,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 71,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"C. V. Dave, “Microservices Software Architecture: A Review,” Int J Res Appl Sci Eng Technol , vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 1494–1496, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.22214/ijraset.2021.39036. [3]\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 298,\n \"top\": 615,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 164,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"J. A. Rasheedh and S. Saradha, “Design and Development of Resilient Microservices Architecture for Cloud Based Applications using Hybrid Design Patterns,” Indian Journal of Computer Science and Engineering , vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 365–378, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.21817/indjcse/2022/v13i2/221302067. [4] N. Singh et al. , “Load balancing and service discovery using Docker Swarm for microservice based big data applications,” Journal of Cloud Computing , vol. 12, no. 1, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.1186/s13677-022-00358- 7.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 264,\n \"top\": 57,\n \"width\": 274,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Deni Panji Dirgantara, et al., DOCKER-BASED MONOLITHIC AND … 365\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 85,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[5] K. Gos and W. Zabierowski, “The\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 117,\n \"top\": 99,\n \"width\": 183,\n \"height\": 55,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Comparison of Microservice and Monolithic Architecture,” in International Conference on Perspective Technologies and Methods in MEMS Design , 2020, pp. 150–153. doi: 10.1109/MEMSTECH49584.2020.9109514.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 157,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 34,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[6] A. Bucchiarone et al. , “From Monolithic to Microservices An Experience Report from the Banking Domain,” 2018.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 195,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 34,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[7] J. Xiang, “Microservices-based Dating Platform,” 2021. [Online]. Available: https://martinfowler.com/articles/\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 234,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[8] J. Ferdinand, A. Syahrina, and A.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 117,\n \"top\": 244,\n \"width\": 183,\n \"height\": 57,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Musnansyah, “PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR PERANGKAT LUNAK MICROSERVICES PADA APLIKASI OPEN LIBRARY UNIVERSITAS TELKOM MENGGUNAKAN gRPC,”\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 117,\n \"top\": 303,\n \"width\": 135,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"TELKATIKA , vol. 1, no. 2, 2022.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 318,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 43,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[9] G. Blinowski, A. Ojdowska, and A. Przybylek, “Monolithic vs. Microservice Architecture: A Performance and Scalability Evaluation,” IEEE Access , vol. 10, pp.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 117,\n \"top\": 364,\n \"width\": 183,\n \"height\": 20,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"20357–20374, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3152803.\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 390,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 43,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[10] F. Ponce Mella, G. Márquez, H. Astudillo, and F. Ponce, “Migrating from monolithic architecture to microservices: A Rapid Review BaaS-SE Blockchain as a Service for\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 117,\n \"top\": 436,\n \"width\": 183,\n \"height\": 66,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Stock Exchange View project TacPat4SS- Empirical evaluation of tactics and patterns for building secure systems View project Migrating from monolithic architecture to microservices: A Rapid Review,” 2019. [Online].\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 117,\n \"top\": 493,\n \"width\": 183,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/33\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 117,\n \"top\": 516,\n \"width\": 38,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"5716451\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 531,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 55,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[11] I. Braun, M. Hoffmann, and R. Mörseburg, IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB-BASED AUDIENCE RESPONSE SYSTEM AS MICROSERVICE APPLICATION VS. MONOLITHIC APPLICATION . 2019.\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 589,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[12] Óbudai Egyetem, IEEE Hungary Section, M.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 117,\n \"top\": 603,\n \"width\": 183,\n \"height\": 43,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"IEEE Systems, Hungarian Fuzzy Association, and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 18th IEEE International Symposium on Computational\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 117,\n \"top\": 647,\n \"width\": 183,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Intelligence and Informatics : proceedings : 2018 November 21-22, Budapest.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 675,\n \"width\": 132,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[13] S. Jhingran and\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 117,\n \"top\": 675,\n \"width\": 183,\n \"height\": 43,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"N. Rakesh, “PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF MICROSERVICES BEHAVIOR IN CLOUD VS CONTAINERIZED DOMAIN\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 117,\n \"top\": 719,\n \"width\": 183,\n \"height\": 34,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"BASED ON CPU UTILIZATION,” Journal of Data Acquisition and Processing , vol. 38, no. 2, p. 3221, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.777159.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 756,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[14] P. Sharad Salunkhe, “Microservices vs\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 117,\n \"top\": 770,\n \"width\": 183,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Monolithic Architecture: Load Testing in\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 326,\n \"top\": 87,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 47,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"AWS on ReactJS Web Application for Performance MSc Research Project Programme Name.” [15] N. Goncalves, D. Faustino, A. R. Silva, and\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 358,\n \"top\": 134,\n \"width\": 184,\n \"height\": 92,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"M. Portela, “Monolith Modularization towards Microservices: Refactoring and Performance Trade-offs,” in Proceedings - 2021 IEEE 18th International Conference on Software Architecture Companion, ICSA-C 2021 , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., Mar. 2021, pp. 54–61. doi: 10.1109/ICSA-C52384.2021.00015.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 326,\n \"top\": 229,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"[16] D. Demashov, “Efficiency Evaluation of Node.js Web-Server Frameworks,” 2019.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n }\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":1490,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"string","value":"90478247-b621-9f69-9f15-5ba6e3d5b684"},"url":{"kind":"string","value":"https://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/arsitekno/article/download/8928/4588"},"data":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"left":349,"top":38,"width":163,"height":10,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ARSITEKNO | VOL 10 NO 1 MARET 2023","type":"Page header"},{"left":159,"top":784,"width":260,"height":10,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH","type":"Page footer"},{"left":291,"top":796,"width":17,"height":10,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"|1|","type":"Page footer"},{"left":116,"top":71,"width":367,"height":37,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ANALISIS KENYAMANAN TERMAL TERHADAP RUMAH TRADISIONAL ACEH","type":"Title"},{"left":275,"top":124,"width":49,"height":10,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Maulinda","type":"Section header"},{"left":96,"top":136,"width":408,"height":9,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Program Studi Arsitektur, Universitas Malikussaleh, email: maulinda.170160096@mhs.unimal.ac.id","type":"Text"},{"left":269,"top":166,"width":58,"height":11,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ABSTRAK","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":193,"width":428,"height":288,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Rumah merupakan salah satu tempat ternyaman yang ingin ditinggal oleh penggunanya, karena rumah merupakan tempat peristirahatan setelah melakukan kegiatan di luar rumah. Maka penggunanya pasti menginginkan suasana rumah yang dapat memberikan kenyamanan ‘termal’ ketika berada di dalam bangunan. Untuk mengetahui menggunakan parameter suhu udara, kelembaban, kecepatan angin, radiasi udara, insulasi pakaian, dan metabolic rate yang diperlukan penelitian untuk mengetahui bagaimana kenyamanan termal pada rumah adat Aceh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh material terhadap tingkat kenyamanan termal pada rumah tradisional Aceh beratap rumbia dan seng dengan menggunakan metode Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) dan Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD), standar SNI, serta melakukan wawancara dengan pemilik rumah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kenyamanan termal tersebut. Hasil analisis kenyamanan termal pada rumah Aceh beratap rumbia menunjukkan bahwa nilai PMV (-0.01)~(-0.49), nilainya berada pada kategori netral dengan nilai PPD berkisar antara 5%~10%. Nilai PMV untuk rumah Aceh beratap seng berkisar antara 0.44~0.96 yang dikategorikan sedikit hangat dengan nilai PPD berkisar antara 11%~40%. Hasil standar SNI suhu udara dan kecepatan angin pada rumah Aceh atap rumbia memiliki nilai yang sudah memenuhi, kecuali pada kelembaban memiliki nilai yang tidak sesuai dengan standar. Sedangkan rumah material atap seng untuk parameter kelembaban dan kecepatan angin tidak memenuhi standar SNI 03-6572-2001, kecuali suhu udara yang memiliki nilai yang memenuhi standar. Hasil wawancara kenyamanan termal pagi pengguna menjelaskan bahwa pemilik rumah hanya merasa nyaman berada di rumah adat Aceh beratap rumbia. Hasil PMV, PPD dan wawancara menunjukkan bahwa kondisi kenyamanan termal pada rumah adat Aceh beratap rumbia nyaman untuk digunakan beraktivitas dibandingkan rumah Aceh beratap seng, sehingga perlu pendingin buatan.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":497,"width":287,"height":10,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kata kunci: kenyamanan termal, wawancara, SNI, PMV, PPD","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":509,"width":428,"height":23,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Info Artikel:","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":534,"width":345,"height":7,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dikirim: 2 Oktober 2022; Revisi: 17 Februari 2023; Diterima: 4 Maret 2023; Diterbitkan: 31 Maret 2023","type":"Text"},{"left":160,"top":555,"width":332,"height":26,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"©2023 The Author(s). Published by Arsitekno, Architecture Program, Universitas Malikussaleh, Aceh, Indonesia under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).","type":"Text"},{"left":88,"top":584,"width":421,"height":10,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":597,"width":117,"height":11,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1. PENDAHULUAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":610,"width":429,"height":99,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Rumah adalah tempat tinggal bukan sebagai sebuah bangunan aja, namun memiliki persyaratan kehidupan yang layak, dipandang dari segala aspek kehidupan masyarakat [1] . Berdasarkan pengertian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa rumah merupakan salah satu tempat ternyaman yang ingin ditinggal oleh penggunanya, karena rumah merupakan tempat peristirahatan setelah melakukan kegiatan di luar rumah. Menghasilkan keadaan rumah yang nyaman merupakan salah satu tujuan dari pembuatan suatu bangunan. Rumah merupakan salah satu tempat ternyaman yang ingin ditinggal oleh penggunanya, sebagai tempat peristirahatan setelah melakukan kegiatan di luar rumah.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":711,"width":428,"height":48,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kenyamanan tergantung pada parameter iklim (matahari/radiasinya, suhu udara, kelembaban udara, dan kecepatan angin) dan beberapa faktor individual/subyektif seperti pakaian, aklimatisasi, usia dan jenis kelamin, tingkat kegemukan, tingkat kesehatan, jenis makanan dan minuman yang dikonsumsi, dan warna kulit [2] . Penggunaan material sangat berpengaruh","type":"Text"},{"left":215,"top":38,"width":298,"height":10,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ANALISIS KENYAMANAN TERMAL TERHADAP RUMAH TRADISONAL ACEH","type":"Section header"},{"left":159,"top":784,"width":260,"height":10,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH","type":"Page footer"},{"left":291,"top":796,"width":17,"height":10,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"|2|","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":73,"width":428,"height":112,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"terhadap kenyamanan termal [3] . Penempatan bangunan yang tepat adalah menghadap matahari dan angin, serta bentuk dan konstruksi serta pemilihan bahan yang sesuai, maka temperatur ruangan dapat diturunkan beberapa derajat tanpa peralatan mekanis [4] . Kenyamanan termal adalah kondisi termal yang menjelaskan kepuasan manusia terhadap keadaan lingkungan sekitarnya, dan juga terdiri dari tidga aspek yaitu psikologis, fisiologis, dan fisik yang berbeda- beda pada setiap orangnya [5] . Dua energi penting dalam bangunan. Pertama energi untuk kenyamanan dalam ruangan, yang disebut dengan operational energy , dan energi untuk proses produksi bahan bangunan yang dipergunakan pada bangunan tersebut yang dikenal dengan material [6] .","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":187,"width":428,"height":99,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal ini akan membahas tentang hasil pengukuran kenyamanan termal pada rumah tradisonal Aceh yang bermaterial atap rumbia dan seng yang berlokasi di Blang Ara Gampong Keude Krueng dan Guha Uleue. Hasil dari pengukuran akan dibandingkan dengan standar kenyamanan termal berdasarkan SNI 03-6572-2001 dan ASHRAE ( The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineer ) menggunakan metode PMV dan PPD diperlukan parameter temperatur udara, kelembaban, temperatur radiasi, kecepatan angin, dan parameter individu seperti kegiatan yang dilakukan di dalam ruangan ( metabolic rate ), dan insulasi pakaian.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":302,"width":149,"height":11,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2. METODE PENELITIAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":315,"width":428,"height":35,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Lokasi penelitian terletak di Keude Krueng, Blang Ara, Kecamatan Kuta Makmur, Aceh Utara, yang merupakan lokasi rumah tradisional Aceh bermaterial atap rumbia dan atap seng. Objek penelitian yang berada di daerah tropis dapat mempengaruhi kenyamanan suhu [7] .","type":"Text"},{"left":155,"top":553,"width":287,"height":9,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gambar 1. Pembagian Zona Ruang pada Rumah Aceh Beratap Rumbia","type":"Caption"},{"left":129,"top":421,"width":366,"height":344,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gambar 2. Pembagian Zona Ruang pada Rumah Aceh Beratap Seng ZONA 3 ZONA 2 ZONA 1 ZONA 3 ZONA 2 ZONA 3","type":"Picture"},{"left":465,"top":38,"width":48,"height":10,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"MAULINDA","type":"Page header"},{"left":159,"top":784,"width":260,"height":10,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH","type":"Page footer"},{"left":282,"top":796,"width":17,"height":10,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"|3|","type":"Page footer"},{"left":228,"top":87,"width":144,"height":9,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel 1. Zona Ruang Rumah Aceh","type":"Section header"},{"left":147,"top":99,"width":293,"height":44,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Nama Ruang Kegiatan Seuramoe keu Bersantai, berkumpul Seuramoe tengoh Tidur, istirahat Seuramoe likot Berkumpul, makan","type":"Table"},{"left":85,"top":159,"width":429,"height":86,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Penelitian ini dilakukan pada pagi, siang, dan sore dengan pembagian zona tiga ruang ( seuramoe keu, tengoh, dan likot ) pada material atap yang berbeda-beda. Rumah Aceh bermaterial atap rumbia memiliki ruang seuramoe keu berukuran 7x3 m 2 dengan ketinggian 2 m, seuramoe tengoh berukuran 6x3 m 2 dengan ketinggian 3 m, dan seuramoe likot berukuran 6x3 dengan ketinggian 2 m. Rumah Aceh bermaterial atap rumbia memiliki ruang seuramoe keu berukuran 8x3 m 2 dengan ketinggian 2 m, seuramoe tengoh berukuran 6x3 m 2 dengan ketinggian 3 m, dan seuramoe likot berukuran 8x3 dengan ketinggian 2 m.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":247,"width":428,"height":74,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Untuk mengetahui perbandingan material parameter yang menggunakan adalah suhu udara, kelembaban, kecepatan angin, insulasi pakaian, dan matabolic rate. Suhu udara menjadi salah satu paramer yang dapat menunjukkan kepuasaan terhadap kenyamanan termal [8] . kelembaban udara yang sering digunakan adalah kelembaban relatif (RH) yang merupakan perbandingan antara tekanan uap air aktual dengan tekanan uap air pada kondisi jenuh [9] . Sedangkan kecepatan angin menjadi faktor yang meningkatkan kepuasan kenyamanan termal [10] .","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":323,"width":428,"height":36,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Ketentuan waktu saat melakukan penelitian pagi hari 08.00-10.00 WIB, siang hari 12.00- 15.00 WIB, sore hari 16.00-18.00 WIB. Untuk titik pengukuran yang dilakukan selama 10 hari terhitung dari tanggal 4-13 Juli 2022.","type":"Text"},{"left":133,"top":542,"width":333,"height":9,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gambar 3. Lokasi Titik Pengukuran Antar Ruangan Rumah Aceh Beratap Rumbia","type":"Caption"},{"left":138,"top":708,"width":321,"height":9,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gambar 4. Lokasi Titik Pengukuran Antar Ruangan Rumah Aceh Beratap Seng","type":"Caption"},{"left":85,"top":732,"width":428,"height":23,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Metode penelitian yang dipakai pada penelitian ini adalah analisi kuantitatif berdasarkan hasil observasi pada studi kasus. Data hasil pengukuran berupakan data kuantitatif, yaitu pengukuran","type":"Text"},{"left":215,"top":38,"width":298,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ANALISIS KENYAMANAN TERMAL TERHADAP RUMAH TRADISONAL ACEH","type":"Page header"},{"left":159,"top":784,"width":260,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH","type":"Page footer"},{"left":291,"top":796,"width":17,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"|4|","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":73,"width":428,"height":23,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"luar dan dalam yang akan diperbandingkan dengan standar kenyamanan termal kemudian melakukan analisis kuantitatif.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":99,"width":429,"height":60,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Teknik pengumpulan data diambil menggunakan metode pengkajian observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan literatur. Pengolahan data ini menggunakan teknik statistik dari hasil waktu penelitian akan dicari nilai rata-rata melalui Microsof Excel 2016 dan untuk menghasilkan sensasi termal maka digunakan software kenyamanan termal CBE Termal Comfort Tool yang ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel dan grafik.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":162,"width":428,"height":111,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Penelitian evaluatif memiliki dua kegiatan, yaitu pengukuran serta membandingkan hasil pengukuran dan data dengan standar SNI dan ASHRAE 2017. Apabila hasil perbandingan sudah didapatkan maka dapat disimpulkan layak atau tidaknya dari teori tersebut sangat sesuai dengan penelitian analisis kenyamanan termal terhadap rumah tradisional Aceh yang berstudi kasus rumah Aceh dengan perbandingan material atap rumbia dan seng. Dalam penelitian melakukan pengukuran dilakukan dengan alat ukur yang menggunakan indeks PMV ( Predicted Mean Vote ) untuk mendapatkan tingkat kenyamanan termal yang akurat. PMV merupakan nilai rata-rata yang menggambarkan bagaimana sensasi termal yang dirasakan penghuni terhadap ruangan yang ditempatinya [7] .","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":276,"width":428,"height":22,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pengukuran menggunakan alat pengukur iklim yaitu suhu udara, kelembaban dengan Environment Meter krisbow KW06-291 4 dan alat Anemometer untuk kecepatan angin.","type":"Text"},{"left":121,"top":443,"width":355,"height":9,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gambar 5. Alat pengukuran Environment Meter krisbow KW06-291 4 dan Anemometer","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":467,"width":428,"height":22,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Penggunaan software yang digunakan oleh ASHRAE-55 2017 dengan metode PMV ( Predicted Mean Vote ) dan PPD ( Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied ).","type":"Text"},{"left":200,"top":677,"width":195,"height":9,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gambar 6. Software CBE Thermal Comfort Tool","type":"Caption"},{"left":245,"top":689,"width":105,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sumber: Adaptasi dari [4]","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":715,"width":173,"height":11,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":728,"width":428,"height":35,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pada pagi hari suhu udara pada rumah tradisional Aceh bermaterial atap rumbia 27,7°C sementara nilai kelembaban 82,69% dan kecepatan angin 0,3 m/s, sedangkan pada rumah Aceh material atap seng memiliki nilai suhu 29,26°C, kelembaban 71,76%, dan kecepatan angin 0,36","type":"Text"},{"left":465,"top":38,"width":48,"height":10,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"MAULINDA","type":"Page header"},{"left":159,"top":784,"width":260,"height":10,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH","type":"Page footer"},{"left":282,"top":796,"width":17,"height":10,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"|5|","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":73,"width":428,"height":73,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"m/s. Siang hari suhu udara pada rumah tradisonal Aceh bermaterial atap rumbia 28,2°C, kelembaban 64,1%, kecepatan angin 0,33 m/s. sedangkan rumah tradisional Aceh material atap seng memiliki suhu Udara 30,93°C, nilai kelembaban 62,2%, dan kecepatan angin 0,86 m/s. Sore hari udara pada rumah tradisonal Aceh bermaterial atap rumbia 29,43°C, kelembaban 61,1%, kecepatan angin 0,9 m/s, sedangkan rumah Aceh material atap seng suhu udara mencapai 31,6°C, kelembaban 69,06%, kecepatan angin 0,96 m/s.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":149,"width":428,"height":86,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Nilai PMV dan PPD yang didapatkan dari software CBE Thermal Tool menghasilkan rata- rata pengukuran parameter. Nilai metabolic rate pada ruang seuramoe keu 1,0 dengan aktivitas bersantai, berkumpul, seuramoe tengoh 1,8 dengan aktivitas tidur, santai, ruang seuramoe likot dengan 1,2 dengan aktivitas berkumpul dan makan. Nilai clo-value pada ruang seuramoe keu 0,39 dengan pakaian dalam, kaus lengan pendek, celana panjang tipis, seuramoe tengoh 0,58 dengan jenis pakaian dalam, piyama lengan pendek (tipis), seuramoe likot memiliki nilai clo 0,41 jenis pakaian dalam, baju kemeja lengan pendek, celana pendek.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":238,"width":429,"height":111,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Perbandingan pagi hari nilai PMV dan PPD rumah tradisional Aceh memiliki tingkat kenyamanan berbeda, pada rumah Aceh beratap rumbia memiliki tingkatan kenyamanan neutral, sedangkan rumah Aceh beratap seng memiliki tingkat kenyamanan slightly warm . pada seuramoe keu rumah Aceh material atap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV -0,33 dan PPD 7%. Rumah Aceh material atap seng untuk nilai PMV yaitu 0,59 dan nilai PPD yaitu 12%. Pada ruang seuramoe tengoh rumah Aceh material atap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV -0,49 dan nilai PPD 10%. Untuk rumah material seng nilai PMV yaitu 0,44 dan PPD bernilai 9%. Seuramoe likot pada rumah Aceh material atap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV -0,13 dan nilai PPD yaitu 5%. Rumah Aceh material atap seng nilai PMV adalah 0,58 dan PPD bernilai 11%.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":352,"width":428,"height":225,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Siang hari nilai PMV dan PPD Pada seuramoe keu rumah Aceh material atap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV -0,38 dan PPD 8%. Rumah Aceh material atap seng untuk nilai PMV yaitu 0,52 dan nilai PPD yaitu 11%. Pada ruang seuramoe tengoh rumah Aceh material atap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV -0,32 dan nilai PPD 7%. Untuk rumah material seng nilai PMV yaitu 0,63 dan PPD bernilai 13%. Seuramoe likot pada rumah Aceh material atap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV -0,02 dan nilai PPD yaitu 5%. Rumah Aceh material atap seng nilai PMV adalah 0.78 dan PPD bernilai 18%. Perbandingan siang hari nilai PMV dan PPD rumah tradisional Aceh memiliki tingkat kenyamanan berbeda, pada rumah Aceh beratap rumbia memiliki tingkatan kenyamanan neutral, sedangkan rumah Aceh beratap seng memiliki tingkat kenyamanan slightly warm . Sore hari pada seuramoe keu rumah Aceh material atap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV -0,38 dan PPD 8%. Rumah Aceh material atap seng untuk nilai PMV yaitu 0,90 dan nilai PPD yaitu 22%. Pada ruang seuramoe tengoh rumah Aceh material atap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV -0,48 dan nilai PPD 10%. Untuk rumah material seng nilai PMV yaitu 1,30 dan PPD bernilai 40%. Seuramoe likot pada rumah Aceh material atap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV -0,02 dan nilai PPD yaitu 5%. Rumah Aceh material atap seng nilai PMV adalah 0,96 dan PPD bernilai 25%. Perbandingan sore hari nilai PMV dan PPD rumah tradisional Aceh memiliki tingkat kenyamanan berbeda, pada rumah Aceh beratap rumbia memiliki tingkatan kenyamanan neutral, sedangkan rumah Aceh beratap seng memiliki tingkat kenyamanan slightly warm .","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":579,"width":428,"height":23,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Menurut standar ASHRAE standar 55-2017 pada rumah tradisional Aceh beratap rumbia dapat kita lihat pada Tabel 1.","type":"Text"},{"left":138,"top":617,"width":324,"height":21,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel 1. Hasil Evaluasi Kenyamanan Termal Rumah Tradisional Aceh Material Atap Rumbia Berdasarkan ASHRAE Standar 55-2017","type":"Text"},{"left":90,"top":652,"width":413,"height":104,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Parameter ASHRAE standar 55- 2017 Seuramoe keu Seuramoe tengoh Seuramoe likot Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Temperatur udara (°C) 23°C-27.9°C 25.6 26.8 27.8 26.7 26.1 26.9 27.7 26.9 25.9 27 27.9 26.9 Kelembaban (%) 30%-86% 83.0 64.1 58.4 68.5 82.1 64.4 61.8 69.4 82.9 63.8 61.5 69.4 Kecepatan angin (m/s) 0 m/s-0.10 m/s 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.16 0.2 0.3 0.52 0.34 Temperatur radiasi 23°C-27.9°C 25.6 26.8 27.8 26.7 26.1 26.9 27.7 26.9 25.9 27 27.9 26.9 Insulasi Pakaian 0 clo-1,5 clo 0.39 58 0.41","type":"Table"},{"left":215,"top":38,"width":298,"height":10,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ANALISIS KENYAMANAN TERMAL TERHADAP RUMAH TRADISONAL ACEH","type":"Page header"},{"left":159,"top":784,"width":260,"height":10,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH","type":"Page footer"},{"left":291,"top":796,"width":17,"height":10,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"|6|","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":130,"width":210,"height":33,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Keterangan: Merah: melebihi standar ASHRAE standar 55-2017 N : Neutral","type":"Text"},{"left":138,"top":176,"width":324,"height":21,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel 2. Hasil Evaluasi Kenyamanan Termal Rumah Tradisional Aceh Material Atap Seng Berdasarkan ASHRAE Standar 55-2017","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":367,"width":210,"height":32,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Keterangan Merah: melebihi standar ASHRAE standar 55-2017 SW : Slightly warm","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":414,"width":428,"height":73,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Perbandingan dengan standar kenyamanan termal berdasarkan kenyamanan termal SNI 03- 6572-2001 untuk suhu udara dan kecepatan angin pada rumah Aceh atap rumbia memiliki nilai yang sudah memenuhi , kecuali pada kelembaban memiliki nilai yang tidak sesuai dengan standar. Sedangkan rumah material atap seng untuk parameter kelembaban dan kecepatan angin tidak memenuhi standar SNI 03-6572-2001, kecuali suhu udara yang memiliki nilai yang memenuhi standar.","type":"Text"},{"left":138,"top":503,"width":324,"height":20,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel 3. Hasil Evaluasi Kenyamanan Termal Rumah Tradisional Aceh Material Atap Rumbia Berdasarkan SNI 03-6572-2001","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":628,"width":176,"height":21,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Keterangan: Merah: melebihi standar SNI 03-6572-2001","type":"Text"},{"left":138,"top":664,"width":324,"height":21,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel 4. Hasil Evaluasi Kenyamanan Termal Rumah Tradisional Aceh Material Atap Seng Berdasarkan SNI 03-6572-2001","type":"Text"},{"left":90,"top":73,"width":414,"height":283,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Metabolic Rate 1.0 met-2.0 met 1.0 0.8 1.2 Nilai PMV (-0.5)-(+0.5) - 0.33 -0.38 - 0.38 -0.36 - 0.49 -0.32 - 0.48 -0.43 - 0.13 -0.02 - 0.02 -0.05 Skala PMV Slightly cool- slightly warm N N N N N N N N N N N N PPD (%) 0%-10% 7 8 8 7.6 10 7 10 9 5 5 5 5 Parameter ASHRAE standar 55- 2017 Seuramoe keu Seuramoe tengoh Seuramoe likot Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Temperatur udara (°C) 23°C-27.9°C 29.3 30.6 31.7 30.5 29.4 31.2 31.9 30.8 29.1 31 31.4 30.5 Kelembaban (%) 30%-86% 70.3 60.59 68.9 66.59 73.2 63.2` 70 68.8 71.8 68.9 68.3 69.6 Kecepatan angin (m/s) 0 m/s-0.10 m/s 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.7 Temperatur radiasi 23°C-27.9°C 29.3 30.6 31.7 30.5 29.4 31.2 31.9 30.8 29.1 31 31.4 30.5 Insulasi Pakaian 0 clo-1,5 Clo 0.39 58 0.41 Metabolic Rate 1.0 met-2.0 met 1.0 0.8 1.2 Nilai PMV (-0.5)-(+0.5) 0.59 0.52 0.90 0.67 0.44 0.64 1.30 0.79 0.58 0.78 0.96 0.77 Skala PMV Slightly cool- slightly warm SW SW SW SW","type":"Table"},{"left":90,"top":341,"width":413,"height":284,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW PPD (%) 0%-10% 12 11 22 15 9 13 40 20 12 18 25 18 Parameter ASHRAE standar 55- 2017 Seuramoe keu Seuramoe tengoh Seuramoe likot Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Temperatur udara (°C) 20.5°C- 27.1°C 25.6 26.8 27.8 26.7 26.1 26.9 27.7 26.9 25.9 27 27.9 26.9 Kelembaban (%) 40%-60% 83.07 64.1 58.4 68.5 82.1 64.4 61.8 69.4 82.9 63.8 61.5 69.4 Kecepatan angin (m/s) 0 m/s-0.35 m/s 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.16 0.2 0.3 0.52 0.34 Temperatur radiasi 20.5°C- 27.1°C 25.6 26.8 27.8 26.7 26.1 26.9 27.7 26.9 25.9 27 27.9 26.9","type":"Table"},{"left":90,"top":699,"width":413,"height":71,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Parameter ASHRAE standar 55- 2017 Seuramoe keu Seuramoe tengoh Seuramoe likot Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Temperatur udara (°C) 20.5°C- 27.1°C 29.3 30.6 31.7 30.5 29.4 31.2 31.9 30.8 29.1 31 31.4 30.5 Kelembaban (%) 40%-60% 74.4 62.4 80 72.2 76.9 59.8 73.9 70.2 76.2 64.1 71.5 70.6 Kecepatan angin (m/s) 0 m/s-0.35 m/s 0.7 1.3 1.7 1.2 0.2 0.7 1.3 0.7 0.2 1.3 1.2 0.9","type":"Table"},{"left":465,"top":38,"width":48,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"MAULINDA","type":"Page header"},{"left":159,"top":784,"width":260,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH","type":"Page footer"},{"left":282,"top":796,"width":17,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"|7|","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":90,"width":51,"height":9,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Keterangan:","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":102,"width":178,"height":9,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Merah: melebihi standar SNI 03-6572-2001","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":126,"width":428,"height":200,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dari tabel-tabel di atas dapat kita lihat bahwa hanya rumah tradisonal Aceh material rumbia yang sudah memenuhi standar ASHRAE 55-2017 dan SNI 03-6572-2001. Sedangkan untuk rumah Aceh material atap seng belum dapat memenuhi ASHRAE 55-2017 dan SNI 03-6572- 2001. Kepuasaan kenyamanan termal pada rumah tradisional Aceh dari hasil wawancara dengan pemilik rumah selama penelitian menyatakan bahwa pemilik rumah merasa kurang nyaman apabila berada didalam rumah Aceh. Pemilik rumah tradisonal Aceh yang beratap rumbia menjelaskan apabila mereka berada didalam rumah Aceh mereka merasa nyaman. Untuk rumah tradisional yang beratap seng pemilik rumah menyatakan bahwa mereka merasa kurang nyaman juga berada didalam rumah Aceh baik pagi hari, siang hari, dan sore hari, jadi pemilik rumah memerlukan alat bantuan pendingin ruangan agar berada nyaman berada didalam rumah, tetapi pada siang hari kata pemilik rumah walaupun mereka sudah menggunakan pendingin ruang berupa kipas angin tetap hawa panas dalam ruangan terasa panas. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan pemilik rumah dan hasil pengukuran berdasarkan standar ASHRAE-55 2017dan SNI 03- 6572-2001 menunjukkan hasil yang sama yaitu pemilik rumah merasa kurang nyaman berada di dalam rumah tradisional Aceh beratap seng dan merasa nyaman berada di dalam rumah tradisonal Aceh yang beratap rumbia.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":328,"width":428,"height":99,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kepuasaan kenyamanan termal pada rumah tradisional Aceh dari hasil wawancara dengan pemilik rumah tradisonal Aceh yang beratap rumbia menjelaskan apabila mereka berada di dalam rumah Aceh mereka merasa nyaman. Sedangkan pemilik rumah Aceh atap seng menyatakan merasa kurang nyaman apabila berada di dalam rumah Aceh atap seng. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan pemilik rumah dan hasil pengukuran berdasarkan standar ASHRAE-55 2017 dan SNI 03-6572-2001 menunjukkan hasil yang sama yaitu pemilik rumah merasa kurang nyaman berada di dalam rumah tradisional Aceh beratap seng dan merasa nyaman berada di dalam rumah tradisonal Aceh yang beratap rumbia.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":443,"width":102,"height":11,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"4. KESIMPULAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":456,"width":428,"height":200,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Perbedaan material sangat berpengaruh terhadap kenyamanan termal ruangan yang dirasakan oleh pengguna. Untuk hasil pengukuran suhu udara dan kelembaban, material yang paling baik adalah material rumbia sebagai objek rumah dari pukul 08.00-11.00 WIB, 12.00-15.00 WIB, hingga 16.00-18.00 WIB dengan perolehan nilai suhu udara yang paling rendah dan kelembaban merupakan nilai paling tertinggi dibandingkan dengan material seng. Sedangkan material seng merupakan material yang memiliki hasil suhu udara tertinggi dan kelembaban sebagai hasil pengukuran terendah. Hasil penelitian rumah Aceh material atap rumbia termasuk dalam kategori nyaman menurut standar kenyamanan termal yang telah ditentukan yaitu ASHRAE 55-2017 dan SNI 03-6572-2001, sedangan rumah tradisional Aceh beratap seng belum termasuk dalam kategori nyaman menurut standar kenyamanan termal yang telah ditentukan yaitu ASHRAE 55- 2017 dan SNI 03-6572-2001. Melalui uji perbandingan antara kedua material, material seng adalah material yang tidak nyaman terbukti dari hasil pengukuran suhu udara serta perhitungkan nilai PMV dan PPD menunjukan hasil pengukuran yang lebih tinggi hal itu dikarenakan material seng sulit dalam melepas panas sehingga suhunya menjadi tinggi. Sedangkan material rumbia memiliki nilai PMV dan PPD yang baik jika dilihat dari hasil pengukuran dan pengolahan data, hal ini dikarenakan material rumbia mudah melepas panas.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":659,"width":428,"height":85,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Nilai PMV dan PPD dari kedua material, rumah Aceh beratap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV sesuai standar kenyamanan, nilai PPD berada di luar standar kenyamanan yang menunjukkan bahwa rumah Aceh beratap rumbia berada pada tingkat kenyamanan netral. rumah Aceh beratap seng PMV memiliki nilai di luar standar, sedangkan PPD berada pada standar yang menunjukkan bahwa belum bisa menciptakan kenyamanan termal terhadap pengguna dikarenakan dari hasil pengukuran nilai yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa PMV dan PPD berada di kategori 1+ dan sensasi slightly warm .","type":"Text"},{"left":90,"top":73,"width":413,"height":14,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Temperatur radiasi 20.5°C- 27.1°C 31.3 33 32.8 32.3 29.2 35.3 33.6 32.7 31.8 31.6 33.8 32.4","type":"Table"},{"left":215,"top":38,"width":298,"height":10,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ANALISIS KENYAMANAN TERMAL TERHADAP RUMAH TRADISONAL ACEH","type":"Page header"},{"left":159,"top":784,"width":260,"height":10,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH","type":"Page footer"},{"left":291,"top":796,"width":17,"height":10,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"|8|","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":74,"width":131,"height":11,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"5. DAFTAR PUSTAKA","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":100,"width":428,"height":9,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[1] H. Frick and T. H. Mulyani, Arsitektur Ekologis: Konsep Di Iklim Tropis, Penghijauan Kota","type":"List item"},{"left":117,"top":111,"width":396,"height":9,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Ekologis, Serta Energi Terbarukan . Kanisius, 2006. [Online]. Available:","type":"Table"},{"left":117,"top":123,"width":246,"height":9,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"https://lib.pasca.isi.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&id=4457","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":134,"width":384,"height":9,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[2] S. V Szokolay and O. Koenigsberger, Manual of Tropical Housing and Building . 1973.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":144,"width":428,"height":34,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[3] E. Virdianti, C. Yesti, and R. Desiana, “Kajian Penggunaan Material Terhadap Kenyamanan Termal pada Rumah Tinggal Studi Kasus: Rumah Tinggal Achmad Tardiyana,” Reka Karsa J. Arsit. , vol. 2, no. 2, 2014.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":180,"width":339,"height":9,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[4] G. Lippsmeier, Tropenbau Building in the Tropics: Bangunan Tropis . 1994.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":192,"width":428,"height":43,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[5] American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy: ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2017 (Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2013) Includes ANSI/ASHRAE Addenda Listed in Appendix N . Ashrae, 2017.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":236,"width":428,"height":22,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[6] S. Samad, “Pemodelan Tangkai Daun Rumbia (Gaba-Gaba) sebagai Material Dinding dan Kemampuan Kondoktivitas Termalnya,” 2017.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":261,"width":428,"height":32,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[7] J. F. Nicol and M. A. Humphreys, “Adaptive Thermal Comfort and Sustainable Thermal Standards for Buildings,” Energy Build. , vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 563–572, 2002, doi: 10.1016/S0378- 7788(02)00006-3.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":295,"width":428,"height":32,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[8] American National Standards Institure, Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy , vol. 55, no. 2004. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 2004.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":328,"width":428,"height":22,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[9] A. Sofyan, “Studi Tingkat Kenyamanan Termal pada Ruang Pelajar dan Studio Gambar Universitas Pepabri Makasar,” Progr. Pascasarj. Univ. Hasanuddin , pp. 1–10, 2002.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":351,"width":427,"height":22,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[10] S. Sangkertadi, “Peran Kecepatan Angin Terhadap Peningkatan Kenyamanan Termis Manusia Di Lingkungan Beriklim Tropis Lembab,” J. Mns. dan Lingkung. , vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 71–89, 2006.","type":"List item"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"left\": 349,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 163,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ARSITEKNO | VOL 10 NO 1 MARET 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 159,\n \"top\": 784,\n \"width\": 260,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 291,\n \"top\": 796,\n \"width\": 17,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"|1|\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 116,\n \"top\": 71,\n \"width\": 367,\n \"height\": 37,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ANALISIS KENYAMANAN TERMAL TERHADAP RUMAH TRADISIONAL ACEH\",\n \"type\": \"Title\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 275,\n \"top\": 124,\n \"width\": 49,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Maulinda\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 96,\n \"top\": 136,\n \"width\": 408,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Program Studi Arsitektur, Universitas Malikussaleh, email: maulinda.170160096@mhs.unimal.ac.id\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 269,\n \"top\": 166,\n \"width\": 58,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ABSTRAK\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 193,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 288,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Rumah merupakan salah satu tempat ternyaman yang ingin ditinggal oleh penggunanya, karena rumah merupakan tempat peristirahatan setelah melakukan kegiatan di luar rumah. Maka penggunanya pasti menginginkan suasana rumah yang dapat memberikan kenyamanan ‘termal’ ketika berada di dalam bangunan. Untuk mengetahui menggunakan parameter suhu udara, kelembaban, kecepatan angin, radiasi udara, insulasi pakaian, dan metabolic rate yang diperlukan penelitian untuk mengetahui bagaimana kenyamanan termal pada rumah adat Aceh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh material terhadap tingkat kenyamanan termal pada rumah tradisional Aceh beratap rumbia dan seng dengan menggunakan metode Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) dan Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD), standar SNI, serta melakukan wawancara dengan pemilik rumah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kenyamanan termal tersebut. Hasil analisis kenyamanan termal pada rumah Aceh beratap rumbia menunjukkan bahwa nilai PMV (-0.01)~(-0.49), nilainya berada pada kategori netral dengan nilai PPD berkisar antara 5%~10%. Nilai PMV untuk rumah Aceh beratap seng berkisar antara 0.44~0.96 yang dikategorikan sedikit hangat dengan nilai PPD berkisar antara 11%~40%. Hasil standar SNI suhu udara dan kecepatan angin pada rumah Aceh atap rumbia memiliki nilai yang sudah memenuhi, kecuali pada kelembaban memiliki nilai yang tidak sesuai dengan standar. Sedangkan rumah material atap seng untuk parameter kelembaban dan kecepatan angin tidak memenuhi standar SNI 03-6572-2001, kecuali suhu udara yang memiliki nilai yang memenuhi standar. Hasil wawancara kenyamanan termal pagi pengguna menjelaskan bahwa pemilik rumah hanya merasa nyaman berada di rumah adat Aceh beratap rumbia. Hasil PMV, PPD dan wawancara menunjukkan bahwa kondisi kenyamanan termal pada rumah adat Aceh beratap rumbia nyaman untuk digunakan beraktivitas dibandingkan rumah Aceh beratap seng, sehingga perlu pendingin buatan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 497,\n \"width\": 287,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kata kunci: kenyamanan termal, wawancara, SNI, PMV, PPD\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 509,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Info Artikel:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 534,\n \"width\": 345,\n \"height\": 7,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dikirim: 2 Oktober 2022; Revisi: 17 Februari 2023; Diterima: 4 Maret 2023; Diterbitkan: 31 Maret 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 160,\n \"top\": 555,\n \"width\": 332,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"©2023 The Author(s). Published by Arsitekno, Architecture Program, Universitas Malikussaleh, Aceh, Indonesia under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 88,\n \"top\": 584,\n \"width\": 421,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 597,\n \"width\": 117,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1. PENDAHULUAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 610,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 99,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Rumah adalah tempat tinggal bukan sebagai sebuah bangunan aja, namun memiliki persyaratan kehidupan yang layak, dipandang dari segala aspek kehidupan masyarakat [1] . Berdasarkan pengertian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa rumah merupakan salah satu tempat ternyaman yang ingin ditinggal oleh penggunanya, karena rumah merupakan tempat peristirahatan setelah melakukan kegiatan di luar rumah. Menghasilkan keadaan rumah yang nyaman merupakan salah satu tujuan dari pembuatan suatu bangunan. Rumah merupakan salah satu tempat ternyaman yang ingin ditinggal oleh penggunanya, sebagai tempat peristirahatan setelah melakukan kegiatan di luar rumah.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 711,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kenyamanan tergantung pada parameter iklim (matahari/radiasinya, suhu udara, kelembaban udara, dan kecepatan angin) dan beberapa faktor individual/subyektif seperti pakaian, aklimatisasi, usia dan jenis kelamin, tingkat kegemukan, tingkat kesehatan, jenis makanan dan minuman yang dikonsumsi, dan warna kulit [2] . Penggunaan material sangat berpengaruh\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 215,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 298,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ANALISIS KENYAMANAN TERMAL TERHADAP RUMAH TRADISONAL ACEH\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 159,\n \"top\": 784,\n \"width\": 260,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 291,\n \"top\": 796,\n \"width\": 17,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"|2|\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 112,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"terhadap kenyamanan termal [3] . Penempatan bangunan yang tepat adalah menghadap matahari dan angin, serta bentuk dan konstruksi serta pemilihan bahan yang sesuai, maka temperatur ruangan dapat diturunkan beberapa derajat tanpa peralatan mekanis [4] . Kenyamanan termal adalah kondisi termal yang menjelaskan kepuasan manusia terhadap keadaan lingkungan sekitarnya, dan juga terdiri dari tidga aspek yaitu psikologis, fisiologis, dan fisik yang berbeda- beda pada setiap orangnya [5] . Dua energi penting dalam bangunan. Pertama energi untuk kenyamanan dalam ruangan, yang disebut dengan operational energy , dan energi untuk proses produksi bahan bangunan yang dipergunakan pada bangunan tersebut yang dikenal dengan material [6] .\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 187,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 99,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal ini akan membahas tentang hasil pengukuran kenyamanan termal pada rumah tradisonal Aceh yang bermaterial atap rumbia dan seng yang berlokasi di Blang Ara Gampong Keude Krueng dan Guha Uleue. Hasil dari pengukuran akan dibandingkan dengan standar kenyamanan termal berdasarkan SNI 03-6572-2001 dan ASHRAE ( The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineer ) menggunakan metode PMV dan PPD diperlukan parameter temperatur udara, kelembaban, temperatur radiasi, kecepatan angin, dan parameter individu seperti kegiatan yang dilakukan di dalam ruangan ( metabolic rate ), dan insulasi pakaian.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 302,\n \"width\": 149,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2. METODE PENELITIAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 315,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Lokasi penelitian terletak di Keude Krueng, Blang Ara, Kecamatan Kuta Makmur, Aceh Utara, yang merupakan lokasi rumah tradisional Aceh bermaterial atap rumbia dan atap seng. Objek penelitian yang berada di daerah tropis dapat mempengaruhi kenyamanan suhu [7] .\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 155,\n \"top\": 553,\n \"width\": 287,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gambar 1. Pembagian Zona Ruang pada Rumah Aceh Beratap Rumbia\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 129,\n \"top\": 421,\n \"width\": 366,\n \"height\": 344,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gambar 2. Pembagian Zona Ruang pada Rumah Aceh Beratap Seng ZONA 3 ZONA 2 ZONA 1 ZONA 3 ZONA 2 ZONA 3\",\n \"type\": \"Picture\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 465,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 48,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"MAULINDA\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 159,\n \"top\": 784,\n \"width\": 260,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 282,\n \"top\": 796,\n \"width\": 17,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"|3|\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 228,\n \"top\": 87,\n \"width\": 144,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 1. Zona Ruang Rumah Aceh\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 147,\n \"top\": 99,\n \"width\": 293,\n \"height\": 44,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Nama Ruang Kegiatan Seuramoe keu Bersantai, berkumpul Seuramoe tengoh Tidur, istirahat Seuramoe likot Berkumpul, makan\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 159,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 86,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Penelitian ini dilakukan pada pagi, siang, dan sore dengan pembagian zona tiga ruang ( seuramoe keu, tengoh, dan likot ) pada material atap yang berbeda-beda. Rumah Aceh bermaterial atap rumbia memiliki ruang seuramoe keu berukuran 7x3 m 2 dengan ketinggian 2 m, seuramoe tengoh berukuran 6x3 m 2 dengan ketinggian 3 m, dan seuramoe likot berukuran 6x3 dengan ketinggian 2 m. Rumah Aceh bermaterial atap rumbia memiliki ruang seuramoe keu berukuran 8x3 m 2 dengan ketinggian 2 m, seuramoe tengoh berukuran 6x3 m 2 dengan ketinggian 3 m, dan seuramoe likot berukuran 8x3 dengan ketinggian 2 m.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 247,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 74,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Untuk mengetahui perbandingan material parameter yang menggunakan adalah suhu udara, kelembaban, kecepatan angin, insulasi pakaian, dan matabolic rate. Suhu udara menjadi salah satu paramer yang dapat menunjukkan kepuasaan terhadap kenyamanan termal [8] . kelembaban udara yang sering digunakan adalah kelembaban relatif (RH) yang merupakan perbandingan antara tekanan uap air aktual dengan tekanan uap air pada kondisi jenuh [9] . Sedangkan kecepatan angin menjadi faktor yang meningkatkan kepuasan kenyamanan termal [10] .\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 323,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 36,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Ketentuan waktu saat melakukan penelitian pagi hari 08.00-10.00 WIB, siang hari 12.00- 15.00 WIB, sore hari 16.00-18.00 WIB. Untuk titik pengukuran yang dilakukan selama 10 hari terhitung dari tanggal 4-13 Juli 2022.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 133,\n \"top\": 542,\n \"width\": 333,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gambar 3. Lokasi Titik Pengukuran Antar Ruangan Rumah Aceh Beratap Rumbia\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 138,\n \"top\": 708,\n \"width\": 321,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gambar 4. Lokasi Titik Pengukuran Antar Ruangan Rumah Aceh Beratap Seng\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 732,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Metode penelitian yang dipakai pada penelitian ini adalah analisi kuantitatif berdasarkan hasil observasi pada studi kasus. Data hasil pengukuran berupakan data kuantitatif, yaitu pengukuran\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 215,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 298,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ANALISIS KENYAMANAN TERMAL TERHADAP RUMAH TRADISONAL ACEH\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 159,\n \"top\": 784,\n \"width\": 260,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 291,\n \"top\": 796,\n \"width\": 17,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"|4|\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"luar dan dalam yang akan diperbandingkan dengan standar kenyamanan termal kemudian melakukan analisis kuantitatif.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 99,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 60,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Teknik pengumpulan data diambil menggunakan metode pengkajian observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan literatur. Pengolahan data ini menggunakan teknik statistik dari hasil waktu penelitian akan dicari nilai rata-rata melalui Microsof Excel 2016 dan untuk menghasilkan sensasi termal maka digunakan software kenyamanan termal CBE Termal Comfort Tool yang ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel dan grafik.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 162,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 111,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Penelitian evaluatif memiliki dua kegiatan, yaitu pengukuran serta membandingkan hasil pengukuran dan data dengan standar SNI dan ASHRAE 2017. Apabila hasil perbandingan sudah didapatkan maka dapat disimpulkan layak atau tidaknya dari teori tersebut sangat sesuai dengan penelitian analisis kenyamanan termal terhadap rumah tradisional Aceh yang berstudi kasus rumah Aceh dengan perbandingan material atap rumbia dan seng. Dalam penelitian melakukan pengukuran dilakukan dengan alat ukur yang menggunakan indeks PMV ( Predicted Mean Vote ) untuk mendapatkan tingkat kenyamanan termal yang akurat. PMV merupakan nilai rata-rata yang menggambarkan bagaimana sensasi termal yang dirasakan penghuni terhadap ruangan yang ditempatinya [7] .\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 276,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pengukuran menggunakan alat pengukur iklim yaitu suhu udara, kelembaban dengan Environment Meter krisbow KW06-291 4 dan alat Anemometer untuk kecepatan angin.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 121,\n \"top\": 443,\n \"width\": 355,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gambar 5. Alat pengukuran Environment Meter krisbow KW06-291 4 dan Anemometer\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 467,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Penggunaan software yang digunakan oleh ASHRAE-55 2017 dengan metode PMV ( Predicted Mean Vote ) dan PPD ( Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied ).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 200,\n \"top\": 677,\n \"width\": 195,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gambar 6. Software CBE Thermal Comfort Tool\",\n \"type\": \"Caption\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 245,\n \"top\": 689,\n \"width\": 105,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sumber: Adaptasi dari [4]\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 715,\n \"width\": 173,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 728,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pada pagi hari suhu udara pada rumah tradisional Aceh bermaterial atap rumbia 27,7°C sementara nilai kelembaban 82,69% dan kecepatan angin 0,3 m/s, sedangkan pada rumah Aceh material atap seng memiliki nilai suhu 29,26°C, kelembaban 71,76%, dan kecepatan angin 0,36\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 465,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 48,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"MAULINDA\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 159,\n \"top\": 784,\n \"width\": 260,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 282,\n \"top\": 796,\n \"width\": 17,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"|5|\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"m/s. Siang hari suhu udara pada rumah tradisonal Aceh bermaterial atap rumbia 28,2°C, kelembaban 64,1%, kecepatan angin 0,33 m/s. sedangkan rumah tradisional Aceh material atap seng memiliki suhu Udara 30,93°C, nilai kelembaban 62,2%, dan kecepatan angin 0,86 m/s. Sore hari udara pada rumah tradisonal Aceh bermaterial atap rumbia 29,43°C, kelembaban 61,1%, kecepatan angin 0,9 m/s, sedangkan rumah Aceh material atap seng suhu udara mencapai 31,6°C, kelembaban 69,06%, kecepatan angin 0,96 m/s.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 149,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 86,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Nilai PMV dan PPD yang didapatkan dari software CBE Thermal Tool menghasilkan rata- rata pengukuran parameter. Nilai metabolic rate pada ruang seuramoe keu 1,0 dengan aktivitas bersantai, berkumpul, seuramoe tengoh 1,8 dengan aktivitas tidur, santai, ruang seuramoe likot dengan 1,2 dengan aktivitas berkumpul dan makan. Nilai clo-value pada ruang seuramoe keu 0,39 dengan pakaian dalam, kaus lengan pendek, celana panjang tipis, seuramoe tengoh 0,58 dengan jenis pakaian dalam, piyama lengan pendek (tipis), seuramoe likot memiliki nilai clo 0,41 jenis pakaian dalam, baju kemeja lengan pendek, celana pendek.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 238,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 111,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Perbandingan pagi hari nilai PMV dan PPD rumah tradisional Aceh memiliki tingkat kenyamanan berbeda, pada rumah Aceh beratap rumbia memiliki tingkatan kenyamanan neutral, sedangkan rumah Aceh beratap seng memiliki tingkat kenyamanan slightly warm . pada seuramoe keu rumah Aceh material atap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV -0,33 dan PPD 7%. Rumah Aceh material atap seng untuk nilai PMV yaitu 0,59 dan nilai PPD yaitu 12%. Pada ruang seuramoe tengoh rumah Aceh material atap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV -0,49 dan nilai PPD 10%. Untuk rumah material seng nilai PMV yaitu 0,44 dan PPD bernilai 9%. Seuramoe likot pada rumah Aceh material atap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV -0,13 dan nilai PPD yaitu 5%. Rumah Aceh material atap seng nilai PMV adalah 0,58 dan PPD bernilai 11%.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 352,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 225,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Siang hari nilai PMV dan PPD Pada seuramoe keu rumah Aceh material atap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV -0,38 dan PPD 8%. Rumah Aceh material atap seng untuk nilai PMV yaitu 0,52 dan nilai PPD yaitu 11%. Pada ruang seuramoe tengoh rumah Aceh material atap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV -0,32 dan nilai PPD 7%. Untuk rumah material seng nilai PMV yaitu 0,63 dan PPD bernilai 13%. Seuramoe likot pada rumah Aceh material atap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV -0,02 dan nilai PPD yaitu 5%. Rumah Aceh material atap seng nilai PMV adalah 0.78 dan PPD bernilai 18%. Perbandingan siang hari nilai PMV dan PPD rumah tradisional Aceh memiliki tingkat kenyamanan berbeda, pada rumah Aceh beratap rumbia memiliki tingkatan kenyamanan neutral, sedangkan rumah Aceh beratap seng memiliki tingkat kenyamanan slightly warm . Sore hari pada seuramoe keu rumah Aceh material atap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV -0,38 dan PPD 8%. Rumah Aceh material atap seng untuk nilai PMV yaitu 0,90 dan nilai PPD yaitu 22%. Pada ruang seuramoe tengoh rumah Aceh material atap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV -0,48 dan nilai PPD 10%. Untuk rumah material seng nilai PMV yaitu 1,30 dan PPD bernilai 40%. Seuramoe likot pada rumah Aceh material atap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV -0,02 dan nilai PPD yaitu 5%. Rumah Aceh material atap seng nilai PMV adalah 0,96 dan PPD bernilai 25%. Perbandingan sore hari nilai PMV dan PPD rumah tradisional Aceh memiliki tingkat kenyamanan berbeda, pada rumah Aceh beratap rumbia memiliki tingkatan kenyamanan neutral, sedangkan rumah Aceh beratap seng memiliki tingkat kenyamanan slightly warm .\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 579,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Menurut standar ASHRAE standar 55-2017 pada rumah tradisional Aceh beratap rumbia dapat kita lihat pada Tabel 1.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 138,\n \"top\": 617,\n \"width\": 324,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 1. Hasil Evaluasi Kenyamanan Termal Rumah Tradisional Aceh Material Atap Rumbia Berdasarkan ASHRAE Standar 55-2017\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 90,\n \"top\": 652,\n \"width\": 413,\n \"height\": 104,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Parameter ASHRAE standar 55- 2017 Seuramoe keu Seuramoe tengoh Seuramoe likot Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Temperatur udara (°C) 23°C-27.9°C 25.6 26.8 27.8 26.7 26.1 26.9 27.7 26.9 25.9 27 27.9 26.9 Kelembaban (%) 30%-86% 83.0 64.1 58.4 68.5 82.1 64.4 61.8 69.4 82.9 63.8 61.5 69.4 Kecepatan angin (m/s) 0 m/s-0.10 m/s 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.16 0.2 0.3 0.52 0.34 Temperatur radiasi 23°C-27.9°C 25.6 26.8 27.8 26.7 26.1 26.9 27.7 26.9 25.9 27 27.9 26.9 Insulasi Pakaian 0 clo-1,5 clo 0.39 58 0.41\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 215,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 298,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ANALISIS KENYAMANAN TERMAL TERHADAP RUMAH TRADISONAL ACEH\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 159,\n \"top\": 784,\n \"width\": 260,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 291,\n \"top\": 796,\n \"width\": 17,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"|6|\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 130,\n \"width\": 210,\n \"height\": 33,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Keterangan: Merah: melebihi standar ASHRAE standar 55-2017 N : Neutral\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 138,\n \"top\": 176,\n \"width\": 324,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 2. Hasil Evaluasi Kenyamanan Termal Rumah Tradisional Aceh Material Atap Seng Berdasarkan ASHRAE Standar 55-2017\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 367,\n \"width\": 210,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Keterangan Merah: melebihi standar ASHRAE standar 55-2017 SW : Slightly warm\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 414,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Perbandingan dengan standar kenyamanan termal berdasarkan kenyamanan termal SNI 03- 6572-2001 untuk suhu udara dan kecepatan angin pada rumah Aceh atap rumbia memiliki nilai yang sudah memenuhi , kecuali pada kelembaban memiliki nilai yang tidak sesuai dengan standar. Sedangkan rumah material atap seng untuk parameter kelembaban dan kecepatan angin tidak memenuhi standar SNI 03-6572-2001, kecuali suhu udara yang memiliki nilai yang memenuhi standar.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 138,\n \"top\": 503,\n \"width\": 324,\n \"height\": 20,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 3. Hasil Evaluasi Kenyamanan Termal Rumah Tradisional Aceh Material Atap Rumbia Berdasarkan SNI 03-6572-2001\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 628,\n \"width\": 176,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Keterangan: Merah: melebihi standar SNI 03-6572-2001\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 138,\n \"top\": 664,\n \"width\": 324,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 4. Hasil Evaluasi Kenyamanan Termal Rumah Tradisional Aceh Material Atap Seng Berdasarkan SNI 03-6572-2001\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 90,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 414,\n \"height\": 283,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Metabolic Rate 1.0 met-2.0 met 1.0 0.8 1.2 Nilai PMV (-0.5)-(+0.5) - 0.33 -0.38 - 0.38 -0.36 - 0.49 -0.32 - 0.48 -0.43 - 0.13 -0.02 - 0.02 -0.05 Skala PMV Slightly cool- slightly warm N N N N N N N N N N N N PPD (%) 0%-10% 7 8 8 7.6 10 7 10 9 5 5 5 5 Parameter ASHRAE standar 55- 2017 Seuramoe keu Seuramoe tengoh Seuramoe likot Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Temperatur udara (°C) 23°C-27.9°C 29.3 30.6 31.7 30.5 29.4 31.2 31.9 30.8 29.1 31 31.4 30.5 Kelembaban (%) 30%-86% 70.3 60.59 68.9 66.59 73.2 63.2` 70 68.8 71.8 68.9 68.3 69.6 Kecepatan angin (m/s) 0 m/s-0.10 m/s 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.7 Temperatur radiasi 23°C-27.9°C 29.3 30.6 31.7 30.5 29.4 31.2 31.9 30.8 29.1 31 31.4 30.5 Insulasi Pakaian 0 clo-1,5 Clo 0.39 58 0.41 Metabolic Rate 1.0 met-2.0 met 1.0 0.8 1.2 Nilai PMV (-0.5)-(+0.5) 0.59 0.52 0.90 0.67 0.44 0.64 1.30 0.79 0.58 0.78 0.96 0.77 Skala PMV Slightly cool- slightly warm SW SW SW SW\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 90,\n \"top\": 341,\n \"width\": 413,\n \"height\": 284,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW PPD (%) 0%-10% 12 11 22 15 9 13 40 20 12 18 25 18 Parameter ASHRAE standar 55- 2017 Seuramoe keu Seuramoe tengoh Seuramoe likot Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Temperatur udara (°C) 20.5°C- 27.1°C 25.6 26.8 27.8 26.7 26.1 26.9 27.7 26.9 25.9 27 27.9 26.9 Kelembaban (%) 40%-60% 83.07 64.1 58.4 68.5 82.1 64.4 61.8 69.4 82.9 63.8 61.5 69.4 Kecepatan angin (m/s) 0 m/s-0.35 m/s 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.16 0.2 0.3 0.52 0.34 Temperatur radiasi 20.5°C- 27.1°C 25.6 26.8 27.8 26.7 26.1 26.9 27.7 26.9 25.9 27 27.9 26.9\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 90,\n \"top\": 699,\n \"width\": 413,\n \"height\": 71,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Parameter ASHRAE standar 55- 2017 Seuramoe keu Seuramoe tengoh Seuramoe likot Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Temperatur udara (°C) 20.5°C- 27.1°C 29.3 30.6 31.7 30.5 29.4 31.2 31.9 30.8 29.1 31 31.4 30.5 Kelembaban (%) 40%-60% 74.4 62.4 80 72.2 76.9 59.8 73.9 70.2 76.2 64.1 71.5 70.6 Kecepatan angin (m/s) 0 m/s-0.35 m/s 0.7 1.3 1.7 1.2 0.2 0.7 1.3 0.7 0.2 1.3 1.2 0.9\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 465,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 48,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"MAULINDA\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 159,\n \"top\": 784,\n \"width\": 260,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 282,\n \"top\": 796,\n \"width\": 17,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"|7|\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 90,\n \"width\": 51,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Keterangan:\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 102,\n \"width\": 178,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Merah: melebihi standar SNI 03-6572-2001\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 126,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 200,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dari tabel-tabel di atas dapat kita lihat bahwa hanya rumah tradisonal Aceh material rumbia yang sudah memenuhi standar ASHRAE 55-2017 dan SNI 03-6572-2001. Sedangkan untuk rumah Aceh material atap seng belum dapat memenuhi ASHRAE 55-2017 dan SNI 03-6572- 2001. Kepuasaan kenyamanan termal pada rumah tradisional Aceh dari hasil wawancara dengan pemilik rumah selama penelitian menyatakan bahwa pemilik rumah merasa kurang nyaman apabila berada didalam rumah Aceh. Pemilik rumah tradisonal Aceh yang beratap rumbia menjelaskan apabila mereka berada didalam rumah Aceh mereka merasa nyaman. Untuk rumah tradisional yang beratap seng pemilik rumah menyatakan bahwa mereka merasa kurang nyaman juga berada didalam rumah Aceh baik pagi hari, siang hari, dan sore hari, jadi pemilik rumah memerlukan alat bantuan pendingin ruangan agar berada nyaman berada didalam rumah, tetapi pada siang hari kata pemilik rumah walaupun mereka sudah menggunakan pendingin ruang berupa kipas angin tetap hawa panas dalam ruangan terasa panas. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan pemilik rumah dan hasil pengukuran berdasarkan standar ASHRAE-55 2017dan SNI 03- 6572-2001 menunjukkan hasil yang sama yaitu pemilik rumah merasa kurang nyaman berada di dalam rumah tradisional Aceh beratap seng dan merasa nyaman berada di dalam rumah tradisonal Aceh yang beratap rumbia.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 328,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 99,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kepuasaan kenyamanan termal pada rumah tradisional Aceh dari hasil wawancara dengan pemilik rumah tradisonal Aceh yang beratap rumbia menjelaskan apabila mereka berada di dalam rumah Aceh mereka merasa nyaman. Sedangkan pemilik rumah Aceh atap seng menyatakan merasa kurang nyaman apabila berada di dalam rumah Aceh atap seng. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan pemilik rumah dan hasil pengukuran berdasarkan standar ASHRAE-55 2017 dan SNI 03-6572-2001 menunjukkan hasil yang sama yaitu pemilik rumah merasa kurang nyaman berada di dalam rumah tradisional Aceh beratap seng dan merasa nyaman berada di dalam rumah tradisonal Aceh yang beratap rumbia.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 443,\n \"width\": 102,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"4. KESIMPULAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 456,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 200,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Perbedaan material sangat berpengaruh terhadap kenyamanan termal ruangan yang dirasakan oleh pengguna. Untuk hasil pengukuran suhu udara dan kelembaban, material yang paling baik adalah material rumbia sebagai objek rumah dari pukul 08.00-11.00 WIB, 12.00-15.00 WIB, hingga 16.00-18.00 WIB dengan perolehan nilai suhu udara yang paling rendah dan kelembaban merupakan nilai paling tertinggi dibandingkan dengan material seng. Sedangkan material seng merupakan material yang memiliki hasil suhu udara tertinggi dan kelembaban sebagai hasil pengukuran terendah. Hasil penelitian rumah Aceh material atap rumbia termasuk dalam kategori nyaman menurut standar kenyamanan termal yang telah ditentukan yaitu ASHRAE 55-2017 dan SNI 03-6572-2001, sedangan rumah tradisional Aceh beratap seng belum termasuk dalam kategori nyaman menurut standar kenyamanan termal yang telah ditentukan yaitu ASHRAE 55- 2017 dan SNI 03-6572-2001. Melalui uji perbandingan antara kedua material, material seng adalah material yang tidak nyaman terbukti dari hasil pengukuran suhu udara serta perhitungkan nilai PMV dan PPD menunjukan hasil pengukuran yang lebih tinggi hal itu dikarenakan material seng sulit dalam melepas panas sehingga suhunya menjadi tinggi. Sedangkan material rumbia memiliki nilai PMV dan PPD yang baik jika dilihat dari hasil pengukuran dan pengolahan data, hal ini dikarenakan material rumbia mudah melepas panas.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 659,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 85,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Nilai PMV dan PPD dari kedua material, rumah Aceh beratap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV sesuai standar kenyamanan, nilai PPD berada di luar standar kenyamanan yang menunjukkan bahwa rumah Aceh beratap rumbia berada pada tingkat kenyamanan netral. rumah Aceh beratap seng PMV memiliki nilai di luar standar, sedangkan PPD berada pada standar yang menunjukkan bahwa belum bisa menciptakan kenyamanan termal terhadap pengguna dikarenakan dari hasil pengukuran nilai yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa PMV dan PPD berada di kategori 1+ dan sensasi slightly warm .\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 90,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 413,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Temperatur radiasi 20.5°C- 27.1°C 31.3 33 32.8 32.3 29.2 35.3 33.6 32.7 31.8 31.6 33.8 32.4\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 215,\n \"top\": 38,\n \"width\": 298,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ANALISIS KENYAMANAN TERMAL TERHADAP RUMAH TRADISONAL ACEH\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 159,\n \"top\": 784,\n \"width\": 260,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 291,\n \"top\": 796,\n \"width\": 17,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"|8|\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 74,\n \"width\": 131,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"5. DAFTAR PUSTAKA\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 100,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[1] H. Frick and T. H. Mulyani, Arsitektur Ekologis: Konsep Di Iklim Tropis, Penghijauan Kota\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 117,\n \"top\": 111,\n \"width\": 396,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Ekologis, Serta Energi Terbarukan . Kanisius, 2006. [Online]. Available:\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 117,\n \"top\": 123,\n \"width\": 246,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"https://lib.pasca.isi.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&id=4457\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 134,\n \"width\": 384,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[2] S. V Szokolay and O. Koenigsberger, Manual of Tropical Housing and Building . 1973.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 144,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 34,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[3] E. Virdianti, C. Yesti, and R. Desiana, “Kajian Penggunaan Material Terhadap Kenyamanan Termal pada Rumah Tinggal Studi Kasus: Rumah Tinggal Achmad Tardiyana,” Reka Karsa J. Arsit. , vol. 2, no. 2, 2014.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 180,\n \"width\": 339,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[4] G. Lippsmeier, Tropenbau Building in the Tropics: Bangunan Tropis . 1994.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 192,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 43,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[5] American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy: ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2017 (Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2013) Includes ANSI/ASHRAE Addenda Listed in Appendix N . Ashrae, 2017.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 236,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[6] S. Samad, “Pemodelan Tangkai Daun Rumbia (Gaba-Gaba) sebagai Material Dinding dan Kemampuan Kondoktivitas Termalnya,” 2017.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 261,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[7] J. F. Nicol and M. A. Humphreys, “Adaptive Thermal Comfort and Sustainable Thermal Standards for Buildings,” Energy Build. , vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 563–572, 2002, doi: 10.1016/S0378- 7788(02)00006-3.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 295,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[8] American National Standards Institure, Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy , vol. 55, no. 2004. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 2004.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 328,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[9] A. Sofyan, “Studi Tingkat Kenyamanan Termal pada Ruang Pelajar dan Studio Gambar Universitas Pepabri Makasar,” Progr. Pascasarj. Univ. Hasanuddin , pp. 1–10, 2002.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 351,\n \"width\": 427,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[10] S. Sangkertadi, “Peran Kecepatan Angin Terhadap Peningkatan Kenyamanan Termis Manusia Di Lingkungan Beriklim Tropis Lembab,” J. Mns. dan Lingkung. , vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 71–89, 2006.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n }\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":1491,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"string","value":"610c00f1-28e2-e4a5-222f-9ac1b2380ec3"},"url":{"kind":"string","value":"https://ejournal.imperiuminstitute.org/index.php/AKURASI/article/download/522/272"},"data":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"left":69,"top":134,"width":332,"height":49,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The Effect of Profitability, Leverage and Company Size on Tax Avoidance in the Automotive Sector Manufacturing Companies","type":"Text"},{"left":69,"top":134,"width":475,"height":285,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"AKURASI 103 Amelia Oktrivina Siregar Short Report Economics and Business Facukty, Universitas Pancasilas Jakarta Financial Management Abstract The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of profitability, leverage and company size on tax avoidance in the automotive sector manufacturing companies in the 2012-2019 period. The sample in this study consisted of four companies that entered consistently during the research year. The period used in this research is eight years, from 2012 until 2019. The analysis data technique is panel data regression. The method used is purposive sampling method. The results of this research indicate that partially the profitability variable has a negative effect on tax avoidance. Leverage has a positive effect on tax avoidance. Company size has no effect on tax avoidance. While simultaneous testing shows that the variable profitability, leverage and company size affect tax avoidance.","type":"Text"},{"left":69,"top":264,"width":452,"height":232,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Received: 12 Aug 2021 Accepted: 25 Aug 2021 Online: 31 Aug 2021 Keywords: Akurasi: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan, Vol 3, No.2, 2021, pp. 103 - 118 Profitability, Leverage, Company Size, Tax Avoidance Corresponding Author: eISSN 2685-2888 Amelia Oktrivina Siregar","type":"Table"},{"left":69,"top":496,"width":257,"height":39,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Pancasilas Jakarta Email: ameliaoktrivina@univpancasila.ac.id DOI: https://doi.org/10.36407/akurasi.v3i2.522","type":"Text"},{"left":223,"top":83,"width":142,"height":13,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Published by LPMP Imperium","type":"Section header"},{"left":122,"top":98,"width":341,"height":12,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Journal homepage: https://ejournal.imperiuminstitute.org/index.php/AKURASI","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":586,"width":410,"height":35,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"© The Author(s) 2021 CC BYThis license allows reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use.","type":"Text"},{"left":215,"top":36,"width":289,"height":25,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"AKURASI: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Vol 3, No. 2, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36407/akurasi.v3i2.522","type":"Page header"},{"left":275,"top":781,"width":19,"height":11,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"104","type":"Page footer"},{"left":57,"top":85,"width":91,"height":14,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"INTRODUCTION","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":107,"width":456,"height":103,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Tax is a mandatory contribution to the state owed by an individual or entity that is coercive under the law and does not give direct compensation. This definition was written in Law no. 6 of 1983 which was last amended by Law no. 16 of 2009 concerning General Provisions and Tax Procedures (UU KUP). This provides an understanding that taxes have a coercive nature, which means they put a particular burden on the insurer. The accounting side also explains that taxes are costs / expenses that will reduce net income, which is contrary to the goal of all business entities that want to have large profits. These factors make taxes a burden and an obligation, which can trigger tax avoidance (Wibawa et a;., 2016).","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":210,"width":456,"height":91,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Tax avoidance in the tax management literature is generally considered a legal tax management effort because it makes more use of \"loopholes\" in the applicable tax regulations. According to Wijaya (2016), even until now, the method of tax avoidance itself is not something that violates tax regulations, because it is done by taking advantage of tax loopholes in order to reduce or minimize tax obligations without violating tax law. Tax avoidance done by companies, usually through policies taken by company leaders as decision makers, is not something accidental.","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":301,"width":456,"height":90,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"In recent years, there have been many cases of tax evasion. In Indonesia, several companies were involved in cases related to tax evasion, one of which happened in 2014, which was a tax evasion case carried out by PT. Astra International, Tbk (ASII) with one of its subsidiaries, PT. Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia (TMMIN), that was found to use transactions between affiliated companies at home and abroad (transfer pricing) to avoid paying taxes. The mode used is to transfer the burden of excess profits from one country to another that applies a lower tax rate (tax haven). The transfer of expenses is done by manipulating prices unreasonably.","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":391,"width":456,"height":103,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"In 2016, the Directorate General of Taxes of the Ministry of Finance (DGT of the Ministry of Finance) stated that as many as 2000 multinational companies operating in Indonesia did not pay Income Tax (PPh), specifically the Corporate Income Tax 25 and 29. These foreign companies did not pay their taxes for up to 10 years. This tax avoidance practice is carried out by means of transfer pricing or diverting taxable profits or net incomes from Indonesia to other countries. There is also a profit reduction method that occurs due to royalty payments and unreasonable purchases of raw materials, as well as the company's reason for allegedly avoiding taxes due to continuous losses.","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":494,"width":456,"height":129,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The impact of the implementation of tax planning, both on company performance and stock performance in the capital market and on stakeholders, has been widely studied and researched. Tax research related to company management compliance with corporate income tax payments is one of the serious problems within companies. The profit generated by the company is a measure of management success in managing a company. The company's earnings are reported through earnings management in accordance with the objectives and motivations that underlie the report. In calculating the amount of tax that must be paid to the Government, there is a dualism in the basis of calculating tax differences, which are the taxes according to the tax authorities and according to company calculations. Based on the phenomena explained above, there are several factors that can affect Tax Avoidance, which include: profitability, leverage and company size.","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":623,"width":456,"height":116,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Mahaputra (2016) in his research showed that ROA had a positive effect on tax avoidance. A positive ROA is needed by the company to provide profits as a company's operating activities. A good company's performance is indicated by the high value of ROA expressed in percentages, and the high profitability of the company is indicated by their generated net profit. Companies that earn profits would usually be assumed to do tax avoidance because the company is able to manage its income and tax payments. A negative ROA is caused by the company income being in a negative (loss) condition as well. This shows that the invested capital as a whole has not been able to generate profits. When a company is in a state of loss, they have no obligation to pay taxes so there is no need to do tax evasion.","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":739,"width":456,"height":39,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The policies taken by the company have a significant role in the level of corporate tax avoidance, such as in determining the company's financing in the form of debt or leverage. According to Kurniasih and Sari (2013) leverage is an increase in the amount of debt which results","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":36,"width":116,"height":12,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Amelia Oktrivina Siregar","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":251,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Profitability, Leverage, Company Size, Tax Avoidance ..","type":"Text"},{"left":304,"top":781,"width":19,"height":11,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"105","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":85,"width":456,"height":168,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"in the addition of new cost items in the form of interest and a reduction in the income tax cost of corporate taxpayers. In measuring and calculating the performance of the company's liabilities and equity, it is necessary to make measurements using the Debt to Equity Ratio. In this case, the Debt to Equity Ratio is a financial ratio used by the company in making decisions to show the financing of a company from the source of debt, which reflects a higher value of the company. The relationship between the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Tax Avoidance is such that if the DER is high, the debt is high, if the debt is high, the interest is also high, if the interest is high, it would have to reduce profits and reduce taxes. According to previous research conducted by Yoannis at al (2017), leverage has a positive effect on tax avoidance and Leverage (DER) could be defined as financial funding by companies originating from the use of debt which can provide benefits in the form of reduction in tax burden because the use of debt can cause interest expenses which reduce the income subjected to corporate tax. According to previous research conducted by Wastam I.G.A.M et al (2017) leverage has a negative effect on ax Avoidance.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":253,"width":456,"height":116,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The larger the size of a company, the more complex the transactions they carry out regularly, which will allow the company to take advantage of existing loopholes and commit tax avoidance actions from each transaction. Tax avoidance has elements of confidentiality that reduce the transparency of a company, therefore it is very necessary to establish good corporate governance. From the description above, the research problem can be formulated as how the influence of profitability, leverage and company size affect tax avoidance. For this reason, researchers are interested in conducting an empirical test the effect of profitability, leverage, company size and institutional ownership with moderation of gender diversification of directors on tax avoidance in manufacturing companies in the automotive sector.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":369,"width":456,"height":90,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"According to Mamduh M. Hanafi (2016: 313), the trade-off theory has the implication that managers will think in terms of trade-offs between tax savings and bankruptcy costs in determining capital structure. Losses on the use of debt can be caused by bankruptcy costs and agency costs. The Trade Off model cannot be used to accurately determine the optimal model of a company. However, through this model, a conclusion can be drawn about the use of debt where it can lead to a decrease in the tax cost as a part of cost burden, which then results in reduced company profits so that it is less likely for companies to do tax avoidance.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":475,"width":135,"height":11,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"LITERATURE REVIEW","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":492,"width":456,"height":94,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"In the agency theory proposed by Jensen and Meckling (1976), agency relationships arise when one or more people (principals) employ another person (agent) to provide a service and then delegate the authority in making decisions to the agent (Luayyi, 2010). The delegation of authority is carried out by entering into a contract between the principal and the agent. Proper contract planning to align the interests of managers and owners in the event of a conflict of interest is at the heart of agency theory. However, creating the right contract is a difficult thing to realize. Therefore, investors are required to give the managers a residual control right, i.e. the right to make decisions in certain conditions that have not previously been seen in the contract (Nuswandari, 2009).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":586,"width":456,"height":59,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"According to Sari (2016), signaling theory explains why companies have the motivation to provide financial statement information to external parties. This motivation arises because of asymmetric information between the company (management) and external parties, where management knows the company's internal information which is relatively more abundant and faster than outside parties such as investors and creditors.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":661,"width":77,"height":11,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Tax Avoidance","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":680,"width":456,"height":93,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The characteristics of a company can affect tax avoidance. Tax avoidance itself can be categorized as either a legal activity or an illegal activity depends on whether the transaction is carried out solely for tax avoidance and does not have a good business. Maharani and Suardana (2014:525-539) define tax avoidance as a way to legally avoid taxes that does not violate tax rules. Meanwhile, according to Annisa (2015) tax avoidance is the arrangement of transactions carried out by companies to obtain tax advantages, benefits, or reductions in the manner intended by tax law without violating the applicable tax rules. At this time the practice of tax avoidance is growing and supported by the development of information technology.","type":"Text"},{"left":215,"top":36,"width":289,"height":25,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"AKURASI: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Vol 3, No. 2, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36407/akurasi.v3i2.522","type":"Page header"},{"left":275,"top":781,"width":19,"height":11,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"106","type":"Page footer"},{"left":57,"top":85,"width":456,"height":39,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Moreover, the increasingly open economy of a country will provide opportunities for companies to develop their business both locally and to overseas in the midst of increasingly fierce business competition. Entrepreneurs will try to get as much profit as possible and also to reach tax efficiency.","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":136,"width":55,"height":12,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Profitability","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":155,"width":456,"height":106,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"According to Fahmi (2014), profitability is the company's ability to earn profits in relation to sales, total assets and own capital. While Kasmir (2014) stated that companies with high returns on investment have relatively small debt because high returns allow companies to finance most of their internal funding. In other words, companies with large retained earnings will use retained earnings first before deciding to use debt. Return on Assets (ROA) is a ratio used to measure the company's ability to generate profits from investment activities. This ratio is used to measure management's ability to obtain overall profits. The greater the Return on Assets (ROA), the greater the level of profit achieved by the company and the better the company's position in terms of assets use.","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":273,"width":41,"height":12,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Leverage","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":292,"width":456,"height":149,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"According to Kasmir (2014), in Wastam Wahyu.H (2017), Leverage is a ratio used to measure the extent to which a company's assets are financed by debt, i.e. how much debt is borne by the company compared to its assets. In other words, this ratio is used to measure the company's ability to pay all of its obligations, both short-term and long-term (total debt/total assets). Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) is a comparison between the total debt generated by the total equity obtained by the company as a source of funding. Companies that use debt in the composition of financing will incur interest expenses that must be paid. Interest expense is a deductible expense against taxable income, causing the company's taxable profit to be reduced and, in the end, it will reduce the amount of tax that must be paid by the company. This means that the higher the Debt to Equity Ratio, the greater the total debt to the company's total equity. Companies with too many obligations will find it difficult to get additional funds from outside. This will have an impact on companies that are most likely to make minimum tax payments .","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":453,"width":69,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Company size","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":474,"width":456,"height":102,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The size of the company will affect the capital structure based on the fact that a larger company has a high sales growth rate so that the company will be more daring to issue new shares and the tendency to use the loan amount is also getting bigger. Small-scale companies are more flexible in dealing with uncertainty, because small companies react more quickly to sudden changes. Thus, large companies would have a greater debt level compared to small companies, and a larger amount of debt would also result in a smaller tax burden, thus the size of the company affects tax avoidance.","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":588,"width":221,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The effect of Profitability on Tax Avoidance","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":609,"width":456,"height":131,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Based on the explanation of the theory above, Return On Assets is related to the Signaling theory. Signaling theory states that high company profitability would give a signal that the company has a good performance. With high profits, the company will try to manage their taxes to a minimum value, so that the company's profit or net profit looks high in order to give a signal for investors that the company's performance is good. Based on the results of previous research conducted by Nur Laily (2017), Ulfa Jasmine (2017), Dianing Ratna Wijayani (2017), Komang Subagiastra, I Putu Edi Arizona, and I Nyoman Kusuma Adyana Mahaputra (2016), profitability using ROA has a positive effect on Tax Avoidance. From the description described above, the hypothesis can be concluded as follows:","type":"Text"},{"left":93,"top":752,"width":222,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"H1: Profitability has an effect on Tax Avoidance","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":36,"width":116,"height":12,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Amelia Oktrivina Siregar","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":251,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Profitability, Leverage, Company Size, Tax Avoidance ..","type":"Text"},{"left":304,"top":781,"width":19,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"107","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":85,"width":205,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The effect of Leverage on Tax Avoidance","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":110,"width":456,"height":132,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"According to Yoanis Carrica Wijayanti and Ni Ketut Lely A. Merkusiwati (2017), Leverage has a positive effect on Tax Avoidance. Leverage (DER) is financial funding by companies originating from the use of debt which can provide benefits as a reduction in the tax expense because the use of debt can cause interest expenses which can reduce the company's taxable income. The funding decision policy set by the company can be described through the company's leverage ratio. However, the research of Gusti Ayu Widya Lestari, I.G.A.M Asri Dwija Putri (2017) and Ni Luh Putu Puspita Dewi and Naniek Noviari (2017) shows that Leverage has a negative effect on Tax Avoidance. High debt causes a low CETR so that it shows high tax avoidance. From the description described above, the hypothesis can be concluded as follows:","type":"Text"},{"left":121,"top":253,"width":210,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"H2: Leverage has an effect on Tax Avoidance.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":278,"width":226,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The effect of Company Size on Tax Avoidance","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":299,"width":456,"height":132,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The agency theory states that the larger the company is, the greater the agency costs that arise. To reduce agency costs, companies will tend to disclose more extensive information. Based on the results of previous research conducted by Khoirunnisa Alviyani (2016), Nur Laily (2017), Ulfa Jasmine (2017), Ngadiman and Christiany Puspitasari (2014), Company Size has an effect on Tax Avoidance. The size of the company is divided into three categories: large firms, medium firms, and small firms. The size of the company will affect the capital structure based on the fact that a larger company has a higher sales growth rate so that the company will be more daring to issue new shares and to take a higher amount of loan. From the description described above, the hypothesis can be concluded as follows:","type":"Text"},{"left":124,"top":442,"width":232,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"H 3 : Company size has an effect on Tax Avoidance.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":478,"width":102,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"METHODOLOGY","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":497,"width":456,"height":162,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"This research could be categorized as quantitative and causal research. Quantitative Research is a systematic scientific study of the parts, phenomena, and the causality of their variables’ relationships. The purpose of quantitative research is to develop and use mathematical models. Causal research is used to prove the relationship between cause and effect of several variables. Causal research usually uses the experimental method, which is by controlling the independent variable that will affect the dependent variable in the planned situation. In this case, it is necessary to test the relationship between the two or more variables. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the independent variables, which are Profitability, Leverage and Firm Size on the dependent variable, which is Tax Avoidance. The population in this study are the Automotive sector Manufacturing Companies in Indonesia which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the period of 2012-2019.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":670,"width":128,"height":12,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Variable Operationalization","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":690,"width":458,"height":66,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"According to Sugiyono (2017:38) independent variables are variables that affect or are the cause of changes and emergence of the dependent variable. The independent variables in this study are as follows: Profitability, proxied by Return On Assets, i.e. the comparison between net income and total assets at the end of the period, could be used as an indicator of the company's ability to generate profits (Kurniasih & Sari, 2013). According to Kasmir (2016:201) Return on Assets is used to show the company's ability to","type":"Text"},{"left":215,"top":36,"width":289,"height":25,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"AKURASI: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Vol 3, No. 2, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36407/akurasi.v3i2.522","type":"Page header"},{"left":275,"top":781,"width":19,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"108","type":"Page footer"},{"left":57,"top":85,"width":455,"height":26,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"generate profits by using its total assets. Return on Assets can be calculated using the ratio of net income after tax to all assets owned, which can be mathematically formulated as follows:","type":"Text"},{"left":223,"top":122,"width":163,"height":25,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑂𝑛 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡(ROA) = Net Income Total Asset","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":162,"width":456,"height":93,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"According to Kurniasih and Sari (2013: 63) leverage is a ratio that measures the ability of both long-term and short-term debt to finance company assets and is measured using the debt to equity ratio. Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) is a ratio that compares the total debt generated with the total equity obtained by the company as a source of funding. According to Kasmir (2016:157), Debt to Equity Ratio is a ratio used to assess debt and equity. This ratio describes the extent to which the capital owned can cover debts to outside parties. The smaller this ratio, the better for the company. This ratio can be calculated using the following formula:","type":"Text"},{"left":226,"top":267,"width":157,"height":25,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"𝐷𝑒𝑏𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = Total Debt Total Equity","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":309,"width":456,"height":93,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Machfoedz (in Suwito and Herawati, 2005: 138) states that company size is a scale that can classify companies into large and small companies based on various aspects, such as: total assets of the company, stock market value, average sales level, and number of sales. The size of the company (Size) that is proxied by Ln (Total Assets) is considered better because this company size has a more stable level than other proxies and tends to be continuous between one period and the next (Prakosa, 2014). Company size is measured using the natural logarithm of total assets (Prakosa, 2014). The formula for calculating company size is as follows:","type":"Text"},{"left":228,"top":415,"width":140,"height":10,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Company Size = 𝐿𝑛(Total Asset)","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":443,"width":456,"height":66,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"According to Sugiyono (2017:39), dependent variable is a variable that is influenced or is the result of the existence of independent variable. In this study, the dependent variable is Tax Avoidance. Tax avoidance is an attempt to reduce, or even eliminate, the tax debt that must be paid by the company without violating applicable laws. Measurement of Tax Avoidance in this study uses the measurement of the Cash Effective Tax Rate (CETR). The formula used to calculate tax avoidance is as follows:","type":"Text"},{"left":231,"top":511,"width":158,"height":18,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"CETR = Tax payable by the company","type":"Text"},{"left":269,"top":526,"width":119,"height":10,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Company income before tax","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":556,"width":170,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":575,"width":158,"height":13,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Descriptive Statistical Analysis","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":596,"width":448,"height":42,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Descriptive statistical analysis aims to explain and provide a statistical overview of all the variables in the sample data, which includes: mean, median, maximum and minimum values, as well as sizes, which can be seen in the following table.","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":650,"width":40,"height":13,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Table 1","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":665,"width":340,"height":105,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Descriptive Statistical Analysis Test Table CETR ROA DER SIZE Mean 0.552750 0.128594 0.518875 13063.81 Median 0.245000 0.097000 0.416500 12720.00 Maximum 9.893000 0.309000 1.029000 14546.00 Minimum 0.052000 0.002000 0.102000 12159.00 Std. Dev. 1.706544 0.094215 0.290434 862.0820","type":"Table"},{"left":85,"top":36,"width":116,"height":12,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Amelia Oktrivina Siregar","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":251,"height":13,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Profitability, Leverage, Company Size, Tax Avoidance ..","type":"Text"},{"left":304,"top":781,"width":19,"height":11,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"109","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":85,"width":456,"height":206,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The dependent variable Tax Avoidance as measured by the CETR proxy has the highest value of 9.893000 owned by PT Indospring Tbk in 2015, while the lowest tax avoidance is 0.052000 which is also owned by PT. Indospring Tbk in 2019. The average value for the CETR variable is 0.552750 and the standard deviation value for the ETR variable is 1.706544. The independent variable profitability (ROA) has the highest value of 0.309000 owned by PT Selamat Sempurna Tbk in 2014, and the lowest value of 0.002000 is owned by PT Indospring Tbk in 2015. The average value of the profitability variable is 0.128594 and the standard deviation value of profitability is 0.094215. The independent variable leverage (DER) has the highest value of 1.029000 owned by PT Astra Internasional Tbk in 2012, and the lowest leverage of 0.102000 owned by PT Indospring Tbk in 2019. The average value of the leverage variable is 0.518875 and the standard deviation value of the leverage variable is 0.290434. The independent variable company size (SIZE) has the highest value of 14546.00 owned by PT Astra International Tbk in 2019, and the lowest company size value of 12159.00 owned by PT Selamat Sempurna Tbk in 2012. The average value of the company size is 13063.81 and the standard deviation value of the company size is 862.0820.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":308,"width":36,"height":12,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Table 2.","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":319,"width":45,"height":12,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Chow Test","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":347,"width":138,"height":10,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Redundant Fixed Effects Tests","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":360,"width":323,"height":83,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Equation: FE Test cross-section fixed effects Effects Test Statistic d.f. Prob. Cross-section F 5.340494 (3,25) 0.0056 Cross-section Chi-square 15.847042 3 0.0012","type":"Table"},{"left":85,"top":457,"width":155,"height":11,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Source: Data processed in 2020","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":482,"width":456,"height":26,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Since Prob. Cross-section F = 0.0056 < 0.05, hence the better model is Fixed effect. Therefore, in this study, the model used is Fixed effect.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":525,"width":41,"height":11,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Table 3","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":539,"width":72,"height":11,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Hausman Test","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":558,"width":213,"height":39,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Correlated Random Effects - Hausman Test Equation: RE Test cross-section random effects","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":611,"width":354,"height":50,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Test Summary Chi-Sq. Statistic Chi-Sq. d.f. Prob. Cross-section random 16.021482 3 0.0011","type":"Table"},{"left":85,"top":675,"width":155,"height":11,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Source: Data processed in 2020","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":699,"width":456,"height":26,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Prob. Cross-section Random = 0.0011 < 0.05. Since Prob. Cross-section Random < 0.05, hence the better model is Fixed effect. Therefore, in this study, the model used is Fixed effect.","type":"Text"},{"left":215,"top":36,"width":289,"height":25,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"AKURASI: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Vol 3, No. 2, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36407/akurasi.v3i2.522","type":"Page header"},{"left":275,"top":781,"width":19,"height":11,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"110","type":"Page footer"},{"left":57,"top":85,"width":74,"height":28,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Table 4 Hausman Test","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":119,"width":223,"height":14,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Correlated Random Effects - Hausman Test","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":144,"width":353,"height":54,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Test Summary Chi-Sq. Statistic Chi-Sq. d.f. Prob. Cross-section random 16.021482 3 0.0011","type":"Table"},{"left":57,"top":221,"width":456,"height":24,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Prob. Cross-section Random = 0.0011 < 0.05. Since Prob. Cross-section Random < 0.05, hence the better model is Fixed effect. Therefore, in this study, the model used is Fixed effect.","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":259,"width":49,"height":14,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Table 4.","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":275,"width":77,"height":14,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Normality Test","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":303,"width":219,"height":184,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2","type":"Picture"},{"left":289,"top":311,"width":93,"height":157,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Series: Standardized Residuals Sample 2012 2019 Observations 32 Mean 0.000000 Median -0.009666 Maximum 0.197949 Minimum -0.403308 Std. Dev. 0.132091 Skewness -0.860508 Kurtosis 3.953409 Jarque-Bera 5.161183 Probability 0.075729","type":"Table"},{"left":57,"top":500,"width":164,"height":14,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Source: Data processed in 2020","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":528,"width":456,"height":38,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The results of the non-parameter analysis of Jarque-Bera (JB) showed that the data is normally distributed because the probability of all variables is 5.161183 > 0.05, therefore H0 is accepted, which means that the residual data and variables are normally distributed.","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":585,"width":46,"height":14,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Table 5.","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":602,"width":110,"height":14,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Multicollinearity Test","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":629,"width":301,"height":72,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"CETR ROA DER SIZE CETR 1.000000 -0.663448 0.114680 -0.041434 ROA -0.663448 1.000000 0.294415 -0.039354 DER 0.114680 0.294415 1.000000 0.687852 SIZE -0.041434 -0.039354 0.687852 1.000000","type":"Table"},{"left":57,"top":702,"width":164,"height":14,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Source: Data processed in 2020","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":730,"width":456,"height":38,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"In table 5 above, it can be seen that the results of the value of the correlation coefficient between the independent variables in this study is within the range of numbers below 0.80, hence it can be concluded that the data used in this study is free from multicollinearity problems.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":36,"width":116,"height":12,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Amelia Oktrivina Siregar","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":251,"height":13,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Profitability, Leverage, Company Size, Tax Avoidance ..","type":"Text"},{"left":304,"top":781,"width":19,"height":11,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"111","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":85,"width":118,"height":28,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Table 6. Heteroscedasticity Test","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":127,"width":141,"height":78,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Dependent Variable: RESASB Method: Panel Least Squares Date: 06/04/20 Time: 15:36 Sample: 2012 2019 Periods included: 8 Cross-sections included: 4","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":205,"width":353,"height":201,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Total panel (balanced) observations: 32 Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C 1.626663 1.122396 1.449277 0.1584 X1 0.008387 0.048020 0.174662 0.8626 X2 -0.061808 0.106503 -0.580342 0.5663 X3 -0.001359 0.000996 -1.365080 0.1831 R-squared 0.205685 Mean dependent var 0.124219 Adjusted R-squared 0.120580 S.D. dependent var 0.112701 S.E. of regression 0.105688 Akaike info criterion -1.540177 Sum squared resid 0.312760 Schwarz criterion -1.356960 Log likelihood 28.64282 Hannan-Quinn criter. -1.479445 F-statistic 2.416838 Durbin-Watson stat 1.381090 Prob(F-statistic) 0.087366","type":"Table"},{"left":85,"top":417,"width":164,"height":14,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Source: Data processed in 2020","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":445,"width":456,"height":39,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"From Table 6 above, it can be seen that the heteroscedasticity test showed that the probability of each independent variable (0.8626 ; 0.5663 ; 0.1831) is greater than 0.05. Hence, it can be concluded that the data in this research variables does not have heteroscedasticity in the model.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":504,"width":88,"height":14,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Hypothesis Test","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":531,"width":456,"height":72,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Based on Table 6 the coefficient of determination test results obtained the adjusted R 2 value of 0.808302. This adjusted R 2 value indicates that all independent variables consisting of Return On Assets, Debt to Equity Ratio and Company Size (Size) can explain 80.83% of the variation of the dependent variable, which is Tax Avoidance, while the rest can be explained by other variables that are not included in the research.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":605,"width":456,"height":161,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The results of the partial test (t-test) can be seen in Table 4.9. Based on Table 4.9, conclusions can be drawn regarding the effect of each independent variable, namely Return On Assets, Debt to Equity Ratio and Natural Logarithm of Total Assets on the dependent variable, namely Tax Avoidance. Based on table 4.9, it can be seen that the Return On Asset (ROA) variable has a regression coefficient value of -0.786934 and a t-count value of -7.619628 with a significance value of 0.0000 which is smaller than 5%. These results indicate that Return On Assets (ROA) has a significant negative effect. Therefore, the first hypothesis (H1) can be concluded that the Profitability (ROA) variable has a negative effect on Tax Avoidance (CETR) in Automotive Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Based on Table 8, it can be seen that the Leverage (DER) variable has a regression coefficient value of 1.246662 and a t-count value of 4.280780 with a significance value of 0.0002 which is smaller than 5%.","type":"Text"},{"left":215,"top":36,"width":289,"height":25,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"AKURASI: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Vol 3, No. 2, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36407/akurasi.v3i2.522","type":"Page header"},{"left":275,"top":781,"width":19,"height":11,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"112","type":"Page footer"},{"left":57,"top":85,"width":44,"height":14,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Table 7","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":101,"width":100,"height":14,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Regression Analysis","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":134,"width":141,"height":64,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Dependent Variable: Y Method: Panel Least Squares Date: 06/04/20 Time: 15:33 Sample: 2012 2019 Periods included: 8","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":198,"width":355,"height":263,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Cross-sections included: 4 Total panel (balanced) observations: 32 Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C -28.00216 15.64782 -1.789525 0.0857 X1 -0.786934 0.103277 -7.619628 0.0000 X2 1.246662 0.291223 4.280780 0.0002 X3 0.024262 0.014152 1.714407 0.0988 Effects Specification Cross-section fixed (dummy variables) R-squared 0.845405 Mean dependent var -0.578594 Adjusted R-squared 0.808302 S.D. dependent var 0.335950 S.E. of regression 0.147090 Akaike info criterion -0.804903 Sum squared resid 0.540887 Schwarz criterion -0.484273 Log likelihood 19.87845 Hannan-Quinn criter. -0.698623 F-statistic 22.78551 Durbin-Watson stat 1.234017 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000","type":"Table"},{"left":57,"top":472,"width":161,"height":14,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Source: Data processed in 2020","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":498,"width":456,"height":174,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"These results indicate that the Debt to Equity Ratio has no effect. Therefore, the second hypothesis (H2) can be concluded that the variable Leverage (DER) has a positive effect on Tax Avoidance (CETR) in Automotive Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Based on table 8, it can be seen that the variable Company Size (Size) has a regression coefficient value of 0.024262 and a t-count value of 1.714407 with a significance value of 0.0988 which is greater than 5%. These results indicate that the size of the company (Size) does not have a significant effect. Therefore, the third hypothesis (H3) can be concluded that the variable Company Size (Size) has no effect on Tax Avoidance (CETR) in Automotive Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Simultaneous Test (Test F) was done to determine whether Profitability (ROA) (X1), Leverage (DER) (X2) and Company Size (SIZE) (X3) have a simultaneous effect on Tax Avoidance (CETR) (Y). Based on the test results in table 4.10 (the results of the Regression Model fixed effect), it can be seen that the calculated F value is 22.78551 with a significance value of 0.000000 which is smaller than 5%. Therefore, it can be concluded that Profitability (ROA) (X1), Leverage (DER) ) (X2), Firm Size (SIZE) (X3) has a simultaneous effect on Tax Avoidance (CETR) (Y).","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":694,"width":60,"height":13,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Discussions","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":715,"width":202,"height":13,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The effect of Profitability on Tax Avoidance","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":736,"width":456,"height":43,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Based on the regression analysis results presented in Table 4.9 particularly the Profitability variable as proxied by the Return On Assets (ROA) ratio, it was proven that ROA has a negative effect on CETR. This study contradicts the research conducted by Deddy Dyas Cahyono et al.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":36,"width":116,"height":12,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Amelia Oktrivina Siregar","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":251,"height":13,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Profitability, Leverage, Company Size, Tax Avoidance ..","type":"Text"},{"left":304,"top":781,"width":19,"height":11,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"113","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":85,"width":456,"height":58,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"(2015). However, this research is in line with research by Ulfa Jasmina (2017), Ngadiman and Puspitasari (2014), Dianing Ratna Wijayanti (2017), Komang Subagiastra et al (2016), Naniek Noviasari and Dewi (2017), Ririh Astrisna Ganiswari (2019) and Melisa Fadila (2017) which shows that profitability has a significant effect on Tax Avoidance.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":154,"width":456,"height":102,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"These results indicate that companies with a higher level of profit has a lower value of CETR, which means that the lower the CETR level, the higher the level of tax avoidance. Return on Assets reflects a company's performance in generating net income. The higher the profit generated, the more likely the company is to avoid tax, because the company wants to display large profits by minimizing the tax expense. By minimizing the tax expense, the company will provide maximum results for the company's profits. This was done by the company to give a signal to investors that the company's performance is good.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":268,"width":186,"height":13,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The effect of Leverage on Tax Avoidance","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":289,"width":456,"height":87,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Based on the regression analysis results presented in Table 4.9 particularly the Leverage variable as proxied by the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), it was proven that DER has a positive effect on CETR. This research contradicts the research of Khoirunnisa Alviyani (2016), Deddy Dyas Cahyono et al (2016), Ngadiman & Puspitasari (2014) and Melisa Fadila (2017). However, this research is in line with the research of Yoanis Carrica Wijayanti and Ni Ketut Lely A. Merkusiwati (2017) which shows that Leverage has a positive effect on Tax Avoidance.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":378,"width":456,"height":117,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"These results indicate that companies with a higher level of leverage has a lower level of CETR. This means that the lower the level of CETR, the higher the level of tax avoidance. This means that the higher the leverage, the higher the Tax Avoidance. Leverage has an effect on Tax Avoidance because debt that results in the emergence of interest expense can be deductible from taxable profit, while dividends from retained earnings cannot be deductible from profit. Interest expense that can be used as a deduction from taxable profit is interest expense that arises as a result of loans to third parties or creditors who have no relationship with the company (Marfu'ah, 2015).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":512,"width":210,"height":13,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The effect of Company Size on Tax Avoidance","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":532,"width":456,"height":162,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Based on the regression analysis results presented in Table 4.9 particularly the Company Size variable as proxied by the natural logarithm of Total Assets, it was proven that Company Size has a positive effect on CETR. This research contradicts with Deddy Dyas, Rita Andini, and Kharis Raharjo (2016) and Ririh Atrisna Ganiswari (2019). On the other hand, this research is in line with Alviyani (2016), Nur Laily (2017), Ulfa Jasmine (2017), Ngadiman & Puspitasari (2014), and Melisa Fadila (2017) showing that profitability has a positive effect on Tax Avoidance. These results indicate that companies with a higher level of company size has a lower level of CETR. This means that the lower the CETR level, the level of tax avoidance will increase. Hence, the higher the size of a company, the higher the tax evasion by the company. The effect of this variable is because paying taxes is the company's obligation. Large companies or small companies will always be chased by the tax authorities if they violate tax provisions.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":710,"width":212,"height":11,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":730,"width":456,"height":42,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Based on the results of data processing and hypothesis testing on all variables that have been carried out, the conclusions of this study are as follows: Profitability (ROA) has a negative effect on Tax Avoidance. This is based on hypothesis testing or significant test (t test) with t value = -","type":"Text"},{"left":215,"top":36,"width":289,"height":25,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"AKURASI: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Vol 3, No. 2, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36407/akurasi.v3i2.522","type":"Page header"},{"left":275,"top":781,"width":19,"height":11,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"114","type":"Page footer"},{"left":57,"top":85,"width":456,"height":43,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"7.619628 and probability (sig) = 0.0000 < (sig) 0.05. Profitability (ROA) can increase the level of tax avoidance. The higher the profit generated, the more likely the company is to avoid tax, because the company wants to display large profits, namely by minimizing the tax expense.","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":130,"width":456,"height":87,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Leverage (DER) has a positive effect on Tax Avoidance. This is based on hypothesis testing or significant test (t test) with t value = 4.280780 and probability value (sig) = 0.0002 < (sig) 0.05. Leverage (DER) can increase the level of tax avoidance. The higher the leverage, the higher the Tax Avoidance. Leverage has an effect on Tax Avoidance because debt that results in the emergence of interest expense can be a deduction from taxable profit, while dividends from retained earnings cannot be deductible from profit.","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":219,"width":456,"height":87,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Company Size (SIZE) has no effect on Tax Avoidance. This is based on hypothesis testing or significant test (t test) with t value = 1.714407 and probability value (sig) = 0.0988 > (sig) 0.05. Company size can increase the level of tax evasion. The higher the size of the company, the higher the tax avoidance done by the company, because paying taxes is the company's obligation. Large companies or small companies will always be chased by the tax authorities if they violate tax provisions.","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":324,"width":60,"height":13,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Suggestions","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":344,"width":456,"height":191,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Adding other variables such as audit committee variables and institutional ownership, or adding mediating or intervening variables and control variables so that further researchers can find out whether or not these variables affect tax avoidance. Using other companies other than automotive companies, for example companies engaged in services, manufacturing, banking, telecommunications and so on, so that they are not limited to the automotive sector. So that it can be used as material to increase knowledge and insight about Tax Avoidance, so that company management can design a mechanism for implementing the company's sustainability properly and correctly. It is hoped that the government will further clarify the tax avoidance law in order to narrow down the tax avoidance actions by the taxpayers and make special requirements for companies that have debt with a certain ratio including interest, so that companies do not take advantage of debt interest as a tax deduction. Investors must really pay attention to whether the company practices tax avoidance legally or illegally by employing experts in the field of taxation, so as not to cause negative impacts in the future","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":559,"width":74,"height":14,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"REFERENCES","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":581,"width":456,"height":104,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"http://www.idx.co.id Alfiyani, K. (2016). Pengaruh Corporate Governance, Karakter Eksekutif, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Leverage terhadap Penghindaran Pajak (studi pada perusahaan pertanian dan pertambangan yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2011-2014). Fekon Vol. 3 No. 1 (Februari) 2016 . Cahyono, A. &. (2016). Pengaruh Komite Audit, Kepemilikan Institusional, Dewan Komisaris, Ukuran Perusahaan, Leverage dan Profitabilitas terhadap Tindakan Penghindaran Pajak pada perusahaan perbankan yang listing BEI periode tahun 2011-2013. Journal of Accounting, Volume. 2 No. 2 Maret 2016 .","type":"List item"},{"left":57,"top":685,"width":456,"height":77,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Fadila, M. (2017). Pengaruh ROA, Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan Kompensasi Rugi Fiskal, Kepemilikan Institusional dan Koneksi politik terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. JOM Fekon, Vol. 4 no. 1 (Februari) 2017 . Hidayat, W. W. (2018). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage dan Pertumbuhan Penjualan terhadap Penghindaran Pajak : studi kasus Perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia. Jurnal Riset Manajemen dan Bisnis (JRMB) vol 3, no. 1 februari 2018 , 19-26.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":36,"width":116,"height":12,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Amelia Oktrivina Siregar","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":251,"height":13,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Profitability, Leverage, Company Size, Tax Avoidance ..","type":"Text"},{"left":304,"top":781,"width":19,"height":11,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"115","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":85,"width":456,"height":116,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Jasmine, U. (2017). Pengaruh Leverage, Kepemilikan Institusional, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Profitabilitas terhadap Penghindaran Pajak (studi pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2012 - 2014). JOM Fekon Vol.4 No.1 (Februari) 2017 . Laily, N. (2017). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Institusional, Proporsi Dewan Komisaris, Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Return on Asset terhadap Penghindaran Pajak pada Perusahaan Manufaktur. STIE Perbanas Surabaya . Merkusiwati, W. &. (2017). Pengaruh Proporsi Komisaris Independen, Kepemilikan Institusional, Leverage dan Ukuran Perusahaan pada Penghindaran Pajak. ISSN: 2302-8556 E-Jurnal Akuntansi Univ Udayana Vol.20.1. July 2017 , 699-728.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":201,"width":456,"height":39,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Noviari, D. &. (2017). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Leverage, Profitabilitas dan Corporate Social Responcibility terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. E-jurnal Akuntansi Univ. Udayana Vol 21.1. Oktober (2017) , 830-859.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":240,"width":456,"height":77,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Puspitasari, N. &. (2014). Pengaruh Leverage, Kepemilikan Institusional dan Ukuran perusahaan terhadap Penghindaran Pajak pada perusahaan sektor manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI 2010-2012. Jurnal Akuntansi/Volume XVIII, no. 3, September 2014 , 408-421. Putri, L. &. (2017). Pengaruh Corporate Governance, Koneksi Politik dan Leverage terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana vol.18.3 Maret (2017) , 2028- 2054.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":317,"width":456,"height":78,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Subagiastra, A. &. (2016). Pengaruh profitabilitas, Kepemilikan Keluarga, dan Good Corporate Governance terhadap Penghindaran Pajak (studi pada peusahaan manufaktur di BEI Indonesia). Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Vol. 1, No. 2, Desember 2016 , 167-193. Wijayani, D. R. (2017). Pengaruh Pofitabilitas, Kepeilikan Keluarga, Corporate Governance dan Kepemilikan Institusional terhadap Penghindaran Pajak di Indonesia (studi empiris Perusahaan manufaktur yang listed di BEI 2012-2014). JDEB Vol. 14 No. 02 Maret 2017 .","type":"List item"},{"left":215,"top":36,"width":289,"height":25,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"AKURASI: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Vol 3, No. 2, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36407/akurasi.v3i2.522","type":"Page header"},{"left":275,"top":781,"width":19,"height":11,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"116","type":"Page footer"},{"left":57,"top":101,"width":82,"height":13,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"DECLARATIONS","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":129,"width":44,"height":13,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Funding","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":142,"width":417,"height":13,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The authors received no financial support for the research and publication of this article.","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":168,"width":213,"height":13,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Conflicts of interest/ Competing interests :","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":180,"width":454,"height":13,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":206,"width":209,"height":13,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Data, Materials and/or Code Availability:","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":219,"width":456,"height":13,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":247,"width":117,"height":13,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"How to cite this Article","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":262,"width":456,"height":43,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Siregar, A.O, (2021). The Effect of Profitability, Leverage and Company Size on Tax Avoidance in the Automotive Sector Manufacturing Companies. AKURASI: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan , 3 (2), 103 - 116.","type":"Text"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"left\": 69,\n \"top\": 134,\n \"width\": 332,\n \"height\": 49,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The Effect of Profitability, Leverage and Company Size on Tax Avoidance in the Automotive Sector Manufacturing Companies\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 69,\n \"top\": 134,\n \"width\": 475,\n \"height\": 285,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"AKURASI 103 Amelia Oktrivina Siregar Short Report Economics and Business Facukty, Universitas Pancasilas Jakarta Financial Management Abstract The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of profitability, leverage and company size on tax avoidance in the automotive sector manufacturing companies in the 2012-2019 period. The sample in this study consisted of four companies that entered consistently during the research year. The period used in this research is eight years, from 2012 until 2019. The analysis data technique is panel data regression. The method used is purposive sampling method. The results of this research indicate that partially the profitability variable has a negative effect on tax avoidance. Leverage has a positive effect on tax avoidance. Company size has no effect on tax avoidance. While simultaneous testing shows that the variable profitability, leverage and company size affect tax avoidance.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 69,\n \"top\": 264,\n \"width\": 452,\n \"height\": 232,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Received: 12 Aug 2021 Accepted: 25 Aug 2021 Online: 31 Aug 2021 Keywords: Akurasi: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan, Vol 3, No.2, 2021, pp. 103 - 118 Profitability, Leverage, Company Size, Tax Avoidance Corresponding Author: eISSN 2685-2888 Amelia Oktrivina Siregar\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 69,\n \"top\": 496,\n \"width\": 257,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Pancasilas Jakarta Email: ameliaoktrivina@univpancasila.ac.id DOI: https://doi.org/10.36407/akurasi.v3i2.522\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 223,\n \"top\": 83,\n \"width\": 142,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Published by LPMP Imperium\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 122,\n \"top\": 98,\n \"width\": 341,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Journal homepage: https://ejournal.imperiuminstitute.org/index.php/AKURASI\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 586,\n \"width\": 410,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"© The Author(s) 2021 CC BYThis license allows reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 215,\n \"top\": 36,\n \"width\": 289,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"AKURASI: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Vol 3, No. 2, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36407/akurasi.v3i2.522\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 275,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"104\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 85,\n \"width\": 91,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"INTRODUCTION\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 107,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 103,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Tax is a mandatory contribution to the state owed by an individual or entity that is coercive under the law and does not give direct compensation. This definition was written in Law no. 6 of 1983 which was last amended by Law no. 16 of 2009 concerning General Provisions and Tax Procedures (UU KUP). This provides an understanding that taxes have a coercive nature, which means they put a particular burden on the insurer. The accounting side also explains that taxes are costs / expenses that will reduce net income, which is contrary to the goal of all business entities that want to have large profits. These factors make taxes a burden and an obligation, which can trigger tax avoidance (Wibawa et a;., 2016).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 210,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 91,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Tax avoidance in the tax management literature is generally considered a legal tax management effort because it makes more use of \\\"loopholes\\\" in the applicable tax regulations. According to Wijaya (2016), even until now, the method of tax avoidance itself is not something that violates tax regulations, because it is done by taking advantage of tax loopholes in order to reduce or minimize tax obligations without violating tax law. Tax avoidance done by companies, usually through policies taken by company leaders as decision makers, is not something accidental.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 301,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 90,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"In recent years, there have been many cases of tax evasion. In Indonesia, several companies were involved in cases related to tax evasion, one of which happened in 2014, which was a tax evasion case carried out by PT. Astra International, Tbk (ASII) with one of its subsidiaries, PT. Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia (TMMIN), that was found to use transactions between affiliated companies at home and abroad (transfer pricing) to avoid paying taxes. The mode used is to transfer the burden of excess profits from one country to another that applies a lower tax rate (tax haven). The transfer of expenses is done by manipulating prices unreasonably.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 391,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 103,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"In 2016, the Directorate General of Taxes of the Ministry of Finance (DGT of the Ministry of Finance) stated that as many as 2000 multinational companies operating in Indonesia did not pay Income Tax (PPh), specifically the Corporate Income Tax 25 and 29. These foreign companies did not pay their taxes for up to 10 years. This tax avoidance practice is carried out by means of transfer pricing or diverting taxable profits or net incomes from Indonesia to other countries. There is also a profit reduction method that occurs due to royalty payments and unreasonable purchases of raw materials, as well as the company's reason for allegedly avoiding taxes due to continuous losses.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 494,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 129,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The impact of the implementation of tax planning, both on company performance and stock performance in the capital market and on stakeholders, has been widely studied and researched. Tax research related to company management compliance with corporate income tax payments is one of the serious problems within companies. The profit generated by the company is a measure of management success in managing a company. The company's earnings are reported through earnings management in accordance with the objectives and motivations that underlie the report. In calculating the amount of tax that must be paid to the Government, there is a dualism in the basis of calculating tax differences, which are the taxes according to the tax authorities and according to company calculations. Based on the phenomena explained above, there are several factors that can affect Tax Avoidance, which include: profitability, leverage and company size.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 623,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 116,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Mahaputra (2016) in his research showed that ROA had a positive effect on tax avoidance. A positive ROA is needed by the company to provide profits as a company's operating activities. A good company's performance is indicated by the high value of ROA expressed in percentages, and the high profitability of the company is indicated by their generated net profit. Companies that earn profits would usually be assumed to do tax avoidance because the company is able to manage its income and tax payments. A negative ROA is caused by the company income being in a negative (loss) condition as well. This shows that the invested capital as a whole has not been able to generate profits. When a company is in a state of loss, they have no obligation to pay taxes so there is no need to do tax evasion.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 739,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The policies taken by the company have a significant role in the level of corporate tax avoidance, such as in determining the company's financing in the form of debt or leverage. According to Kurniasih and Sari (2013) leverage is an increase in the amount of debt which results\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 36,\n \"width\": 116,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Amelia Oktrivina Siregar\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 251,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Profitability, Leverage, Company Size, Tax Avoidance ..\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 304,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"105\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 85,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 168,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"in the addition of new cost items in the form of interest and a reduction in the income tax cost of corporate taxpayers. In measuring and calculating the performance of the company's liabilities and equity, it is necessary to make measurements using the Debt to Equity Ratio. In this case, the Debt to Equity Ratio is a financial ratio used by the company in making decisions to show the financing of a company from the source of debt, which reflects a higher value of the company. The relationship between the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Tax Avoidance is such that if the DER is high, the debt is high, if the debt is high, the interest is also high, if the interest is high, it would have to reduce profits and reduce taxes. According to previous research conducted by Yoannis at al (2017), leverage has a positive effect on tax avoidance and Leverage (DER) could be defined as financial funding by companies originating from the use of debt which can provide benefits in the form of reduction in tax burden because the use of debt can cause interest expenses which reduce the income subjected to corporate tax. According to previous research conducted by Wastam I.G.A.M et al (2017) leverage has a negative effect on ax Avoidance.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 253,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 116,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The larger the size of a company, the more complex the transactions they carry out regularly, which will allow the company to take advantage of existing loopholes and commit tax avoidance actions from each transaction. Tax avoidance has elements of confidentiality that reduce the transparency of a company, therefore it is very necessary to establish good corporate governance. From the description above, the research problem can be formulated as how the influence of profitability, leverage and company size affect tax avoidance. For this reason, researchers are interested in conducting an empirical test the effect of profitability, leverage, company size and institutional ownership with moderation of gender diversification of directors on tax avoidance in manufacturing companies in the automotive sector.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 369,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 90,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"According to Mamduh M. Hanafi (2016: 313), the trade-off theory has the implication that managers will think in terms of trade-offs between tax savings and bankruptcy costs in determining capital structure. Losses on the use of debt can be caused by bankruptcy costs and agency costs. The Trade Off model cannot be used to accurately determine the optimal model of a company. However, through this model, a conclusion can be drawn about the use of debt where it can lead to a decrease in the tax cost as a part of cost burden, which then results in reduced company profits so that it is less likely for companies to do tax avoidance.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 475,\n \"width\": 135,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"LITERATURE REVIEW\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 492,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 94,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"In the agency theory proposed by Jensen and Meckling (1976), agency relationships arise when one or more people (principals) employ another person (agent) to provide a service and then delegate the authority in making decisions to the agent (Luayyi, 2010). The delegation of authority is carried out by entering into a contract between the principal and the agent. Proper contract planning to align the interests of managers and owners in the event of a conflict of interest is at the heart of agency theory. However, creating the right contract is a difficult thing to realize. Therefore, investors are required to give the managers a residual control right, i.e. the right to make decisions in certain conditions that have not previously been seen in the contract (Nuswandari, 2009).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 586,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 59,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"According to Sari (2016), signaling theory explains why companies have the motivation to provide financial statement information to external parties. This motivation arises because of asymmetric information between the company (management) and external parties, where management knows the company's internal information which is relatively more abundant and faster than outside parties such as investors and creditors.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 661,\n \"width\": 77,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Tax Avoidance\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 680,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 93,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The characteristics of a company can affect tax avoidance. Tax avoidance itself can be categorized as either a legal activity or an illegal activity depends on whether the transaction is carried out solely for tax avoidance and does not have a good business. Maharani and Suardana (2014:525-539) define tax avoidance as a way to legally avoid taxes that does not violate tax rules. Meanwhile, according to Annisa (2015) tax avoidance is the arrangement of transactions carried out by companies to obtain tax advantages, benefits, or reductions in the manner intended by tax law without violating the applicable tax rules. At this time the practice of tax avoidance is growing and supported by the development of information technology.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 215,\n \"top\": 36,\n \"width\": 289,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"AKURASI: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Vol 3, No. 2, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36407/akurasi.v3i2.522\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 275,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"106\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 85,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Moreover, the increasingly open economy of a country will provide opportunities for companies to develop their business both locally and to overseas in the midst of increasingly fierce business competition. Entrepreneurs will try to get as much profit as possible and also to reach tax efficiency.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 136,\n \"width\": 55,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Profitability\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 155,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 106,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"According to Fahmi (2014), profitability is the company's ability to earn profits in relation to sales, total assets and own capital. While Kasmir (2014) stated that companies with high returns on investment have relatively small debt because high returns allow companies to finance most of their internal funding. In other words, companies with large retained earnings will use retained earnings first before deciding to use debt. Return on Assets (ROA) is a ratio used to measure the company's ability to generate profits from investment activities. This ratio is used to measure management's ability to obtain overall profits. The greater the Return on Assets (ROA), the greater the level of profit achieved by the company and the better the company's position in terms of assets use.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 273,\n \"width\": 41,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Leverage\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 292,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 149,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"According to Kasmir (2014), in Wastam Wahyu.H (2017), Leverage is a ratio used to measure the extent to which a company's assets are financed by debt, i.e. how much debt is borne by the company compared to its assets. In other words, this ratio is used to measure the company's ability to pay all of its obligations, both short-term and long-term (total debt/total assets). Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) is a comparison between the total debt generated by the total equity obtained by the company as a source of funding. Companies that use debt in the composition of financing will incur interest expenses that must be paid. Interest expense is a deductible expense against taxable income, causing the company's taxable profit to be reduced and, in the end, it will reduce the amount of tax that must be paid by the company. This means that the higher the Debt to Equity Ratio, the greater the total debt to the company's total equity. Companies with too many obligations will find it difficult to get additional funds from outside. This will have an impact on companies that are most likely to make minimum tax payments .\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 453,\n \"width\": 69,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Company size\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 474,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 102,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The size of the company will affect the capital structure based on the fact that a larger company has a high sales growth rate so that the company will be more daring to issue new shares and the tendency to use the loan amount is also getting bigger. Small-scale companies are more flexible in dealing with uncertainty, because small companies react more quickly to sudden changes. Thus, large companies would have a greater debt level compared to small companies, and a larger amount of debt would also result in a smaller tax burden, thus the size of the company affects tax avoidance.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 588,\n \"width\": 221,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The effect of Profitability on Tax Avoidance\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 609,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 131,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Based on the explanation of the theory above, Return On Assets is related to the Signaling theory. Signaling theory states that high company profitability would give a signal that the company has a good performance. With high profits, the company will try to manage their taxes to a minimum value, so that the company's profit or net profit looks high in order to give a signal for investors that the company's performance is good. Based on the results of previous research conducted by Nur Laily (2017), Ulfa Jasmine (2017), Dianing Ratna Wijayani (2017), Komang Subagiastra, I Putu Edi Arizona, and I Nyoman Kusuma Adyana Mahaputra (2016), profitability using ROA has a positive effect on Tax Avoidance. From the description described above, the hypothesis can be concluded as follows:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 93,\n \"top\": 752,\n \"width\": 222,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"H1: Profitability has an effect on Tax Avoidance\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 36,\n \"width\": 116,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Amelia Oktrivina Siregar\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 251,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Profitability, Leverage, Company Size, Tax Avoidance ..\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 304,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"107\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 85,\n \"width\": 205,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The effect of Leverage on Tax Avoidance\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 110,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 132,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"According to Yoanis Carrica Wijayanti and Ni Ketut Lely A. Merkusiwati (2017), Leverage has a positive effect on Tax Avoidance. Leverage (DER) is financial funding by companies originating from the use of debt which can provide benefits as a reduction in the tax expense because the use of debt can cause interest expenses which can reduce the company's taxable income. The funding decision policy set by the company can be described through the company's leverage ratio. However, the research of Gusti Ayu Widya Lestari, I.G.A.M Asri Dwija Putri (2017) and Ni Luh Putu Puspita Dewi and Naniek Noviari (2017) shows that Leverage has a negative effect on Tax Avoidance. High debt causes a low CETR so that it shows high tax avoidance. From the description described above, the hypothesis can be concluded as follows:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 121,\n \"top\": 253,\n \"width\": 210,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"H2: Leverage has an effect on Tax Avoidance.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 278,\n \"width\": 226,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The effect of Company Size on Tax Avoidance\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 299,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 132,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The agency theory states that the larger the company is, the greater the agency costs that arise. To reduce agency costs, companies will tend to disclose more extensive information. Based on the results of previous research conducted by Khoirunnisa Alviyani (2016), Nur Laily (2017), Ulfa Jasmine (2017), Ngadiman and Christiany Puspitasari (2014), Company Size has an effect on Tax Avoidance. The size of the company is divided into three categories: large firms, medium firms, and small firms. The size of the company will affect the capital structure based on the fact that a larger company has a higher sales growth rate so that the company will be more daring to issue new shares and to take a higher amount of loan. From the description described above, the hypothesis can be concluded as follows:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 124,\n \"top\": 442,\n \"width\": 232,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"H 3 : Company size has an effect on Tax Avoidance.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 478,\n \"width\": 102,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"METHODOLOGY\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 497,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 162,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"This research could be categorized as quantitative and causal research. Quantitative Research is a systematic scientific study of the parts, phenomena, and the causality of their variables’ relationships. The purpose of quantitative research is to develop and use mathematical models. Causal research is used to prove the relationship between cause and effect of several variables. Causal research usually uses the experimental method, which is by controlling the independent variable that will affect the dependent variable in the planned situation. In this case, it is necessary to test the relationship between the two or more variables. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the independent variables, which are Profitability, Leverage and Firm Size on the dependent variable, which is Tax Avoidance. The population in this study are the Automotive sector Manufacturing Companies in Indonesia which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the period of 2012-2019.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 670,\n \"width\": 128,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Variable Operationalization\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 690,\n \"width\": 458,\n \"height\": 66,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"According to Sugiyono (2017:38) independent variables are variables that affect or are the cause of changes and emergence of the dependent variable. The independent variables in this study are as follows: Profitability, proxied by Return On Assets, i.e. the comparison between net income and total assets at the end of the period, could be used as an indicator of the company's ability to generate profits (Kurniasih & Sari, 2013). According to Kasmir (2016:201) Return on Assets is used to show the company's ability to\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 215,\n \"top\": 36,\n \"width\": 289,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"AKURASI: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Vol 3, No. 2, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36407/akurasi.v3i2.522\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 275,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"108\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 85,\n \"width\": 455,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"generate profits by using its total assets. Return on Assets can be calculated using the ratio of net income after tax to all assets owned, which can be mathematically formulated as follows:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 223,\n \"top\": 122,\n \"width\": 163,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑂𝑛 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡(ROA) = Net Income Total Asset\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 162,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 93,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"According to Kurniasih and Sari (2013: 63) leverage is a ratio that measures the ability of both long-term and short-term debt to finance company assets and is measured using the debt to equity ratio. Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) is a ratio that compares the total debt generated with the total equity obtained by the company as a source of funding. According to Kasmir (2016:157), Debt to Equity Ratio is a ratio used to assess debt and equity. This ratio describes the extent to which the capital owned can cover debts to outside parties. The smaller this ratio, the better for the company. This ratio can be calculated using the following formula:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 226,\n \"top\": 267,\n \"width\": 157,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"𝐷𝑒𝑏𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = Total Debt Total Equity\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 309,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 93,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Machfoedz (in Suwito and Herawati, 2005: 138) states that company size is a scale that can classify companies into large and small companies based on various aspects, such as: total assets of the company, stock market value, average sales level, and number of sales. The size of the company (Size) that is proxied by Ln (Total Assets) is considered better because this company size has a more stable level than other proxies and tends to be continuous between one period and the next (Prakosa, 2014). Company size is measured using the natural logarithm of total assets (Prakosa, 2014). The formula for calculating company size is as follows:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 228,\n \"top\": 415,\n \"width\": 140,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Company Size = 𝐿𝑛(Total Asset)\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 443,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 66,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"According to Sugiyono (2017:39), dependent variable is a variable that is influenced or is the result of the existence of independent variable. In this study, the dependent variable is Tax Avoidance. Tax avoidance is an attempt to reduce, or even eliminate, the tax debt that must be paid by the company without violating applicable laws. Measurement of Tax Avoidance in this study uses the measurement of the Cash Effective Tax Rate (CETR). The formula used to calculate tax avoidance is as follows:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 231,\n \"top\": 511,\n \"width\": 158,\n \"height\": 18,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"CETR = Tax payable by the company\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 269,\n \"top\": 526,\n \"width\": 119,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Company income before tax\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 556,\n \"width\": 170,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 575,\n \"width\": 158,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Descriptive Statistical Analysis\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 596,\n \"width\": 448,\n \"height\": 42,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Descriptive statistical analysis aims to explain and provide a statistical overview of all the variables in the sample data, which includes: mean, median, maximum and minimum values, as well as sizes, which can be seen in the following table.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 650,\n \"width\": 40,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Table 1\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 665,\n \"width\": 340,\n \"height\": 105,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Descriptive Statistical Analysis Test Table CETR ROA DER SIZE Mean 0.552750 0.128594 0.518875 13063.81 Median 0.245000 0.097000 0.416500 12720.00 Maximum 9.893000 0.309000 1.029000 14546.00 Minimum 0.052000 0.002000 0.102000 12159.00 Std. Dev. 1.706544 0.094215 0.290434 862.0820\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 36,\n \"width\": 116,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Amelia Oktrivina Siregar\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 251,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Profitability, Leverage, Company Size, Tax Avoidance ..\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 304,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"109\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 85,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 206,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The dependent variable Tax Avoidance as measured by the CETR proxy has the highest value of 9.893000 owned by PT Indospring Tbk in 2015, while the lowest tax avoidance is 0.052000 which is also owned by PT. Indospring Tbk in 2019. The average value for the CETR variable is 0.552750 and the standard deviation value for the ETR variable is 1.706544. The independent variable profitability (ROA) has the highest value of 0.309000 owned by PT Selamat Sempurna Tbk in 2014, and the lowest value of 0.002000 is owned by PT Indospring Tbk in 2015. The average value of the profitability variable is 0.128594 and the standard deviation value of profitability is 0.094215. The independent variable leverage (DER) has the highest value of 1.029000 owned by PT Astra Internasional Tbk in 2012, and the lowest leverage of 0.102000 owned by PT Indospring Tbk in 2019. The average value of the leverage variable is 0.518875 and the standard deviation value of the leverage variable is 0.290434. The independent variable company size (SIZE) has the highest value of 14546.00 owned by PT Astra International Tbk in 2019, and the lowest company size value of 12159.00 owned by PT Selamat Sempurna Tbk in 2012. The average value of the company size is 13063.81 and the standard deviation value of the company size is 862.0820.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 308,\n \"width\": 36,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Table 2.\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 319,\n \"width\": 45,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Chow Test\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 347,\n \"width\": 138,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Redundant Fixed Effects Tests\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 360,\n \"width\": 323,\n \"height\": 83,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Equation: FE Test cross-section fixed effects Effects Test Statistic d.f. Prob. Cross-section F 5.340494 (3,25) 0.0056 Cross-section Chi-square 15.847042 3 0.0012\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 457,\n \"width\": 155,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Source: Data processed in 2020\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 482,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Since Prob. Cross-section F = 0.0056 < 0.05, hence the better model is Fixed effect. Therefore, in this study, the model used is Fixed effect.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 525,\n \"width\": 41,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Table 3\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 539,\n \"width\": 72,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Hausman Test\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 558,\n \"width\": 213,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Correlated Random Effects - Hausman Test Equation: RE Test cross-section random effects\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 611,\n \"width\": 354,\n \"height\": 50,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Test Summary Chi-Sq. Statistic Chi-Sq. d.f. Prob. Cross-section random 16.021482 3 0.0011\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 675,\n \"width\": 155,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Source: Data processed in 2020\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 699,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Prob. Cross-section Random = 0.0011 < 0.05. Since Prob. Cross-section Random < 0.05, hence the better model is Fixed effect. Therefore, in this study, the model used is Fixed effect.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 215,\n \"top\": 36,\n \"width\": 289,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"AKURASI: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Vol 3, No. 2, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36407/akurasi.v3i2.522\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 275,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"110\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 85,\n \"width\": 74,\n \"height\": 28,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Table 4 Hausman Test\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 119,\n \"width\": 223,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Correlated Random Effects - Hausman Test\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 144,\n \"width\": 353,\n \"height\": 54,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Test Summary Chi-Sq. Statistic Chi-Sq. d.f. Prob. Cross-section random 16.021482 3 0.0011\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 221,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 24,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Prob. Cross-section Random = 0.0011 < 0.05. Since Prob. Cross-section Random < 0.05, hence the better model is Fixed effect. Therefore, in this study, the model used is Fixed effect.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 259,\n \"width\": 49,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Table 4.\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 275,\n \"width\": 77,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Normality Test\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 303,\n \"width\": 219,\n \"height\": 184,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2\",\n \"type\": \"Picture\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 289,\n \"top\": 311,\n \"width\": 93,\n \"height\": 157,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Series: Standardized Residuals Sample 2012 2019 Observations 32 Mean 0.000000 Median -0.009666 Maximum 0.197949 Minimum -0.403308 Std. Dev. 0.132091 Skewness -0.860508 Kurtosis 3.953409 Jarque-Bera 5.161183 Probability 0.075729\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 500,\n \"width\": 164,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Source: Data processed in 2020\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 528,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 38,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The results of the non-parameter analysis of Jarque-Bera (JB) showed that the data is normally distributed because the probability of all variables is 5.161183 > 0.05, therefore H0 is accepted, which means that the residual data and variables are normally distributed.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 585,\n \"width\": 46,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Table 5.\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 602,\n \"width\": 110,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Multicollinearity Test\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 629,\n \"width\": 301,\n \"height\": 72,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"CETR ROA DER SIZE CETR 1.000000 -0.663448 0.114680 -0.041434 ROA -0.663448 1.000000 0.294415 -0.039354 DER 0.114680 0.294415 1.000000 0.687852 SIZE -0.041434 -0.039354 0.687852 1.000000\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 702,\n \"width\": 164,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Source: Data processed in 2020\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 730,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 38,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"In table 5 above, it can be seen that the results of the value of the correlation coefficient between the independent variables in this study is within the range of numbers below 0.80, hence it can be concluded that the data used in this study is free from multicollinearity problems.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 36,\n \"width\": 116,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Amelia Oktrivina Siregar\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 251,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Profitability, Leverage, Company Size, Tax Avoidance ..\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 304,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"111\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 85,\n \"width\": 118,\n \"height\": 28,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Table 6. Heteroscedasticity Test\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 127,\n \"width\": 141,\n \"height\": 78,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Dependent Variable: RESASB Method: Panel Least Squares Date: 06/04/20 Time: 15:36 Sample: 2012 2019 Periods included: 8 Cross-sections included: 4\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 205,\n \"width\": 353,\n \"height\": 201,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Total panel (balanced) observations: 32 Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C 1.626663 1.122396 1.449277 0.1584 X1 0.008387 0.048020 0.174662 0.8626 X2 -0.061808 0.106503 -0.580342 0.5663 X3 -0.001359 0.000996 -1.365080 0.1831 R-squared 0.205685 Mean dependent var 0.124219 Adjusted R-squared 0.120580 S.D. dependent var 0.112701 S.E. of regression 0.105688 Akaike info criterion -1.540177 Sum squared resid 0.312760 Schwarz criterion -1.356960 Log likelihood 28.64282 Hannan-Quinn criter. -1.479445 F-statistic 2.416838 Durbin-Watson stat 1.381090 Prob(F-statistic) 0.087366\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 417,\n \"width\": 164,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Source: Data processed in 2020\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 445,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"From Table 6 above, it can be seen that the heteroscedasticity test showed that the probability of each independent variable (0.8626 ; 0.5663 ; 0.1831) is greater than 0.05. Hence, it can be concluded that the data in this research variables does not have heteroscedasticity in the model.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 504,\n \"width\": 88,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Hypothesis Test\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 531,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 72,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Based on Table 6 the coefficient of determination test results obtained the adjusted R 2 value of 0.808302. This adjusted R 2 value indicates that all independent variables consisting of Return On Assets, Debt to Equity Ratio and Company Size (Size) can explain 80.83% of the variation of the dependent variable, which is Tax Avoidance, while the rest can be explained by other variables that are not included in the research.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 605,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 161,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The results of the partial test (t-test) can be seen in Table 4.9. Based on Table 4.9, conclusions can be drawn regarding the effect of each independent variable, namely Return On Assets, Debt to Equity Ratio and Natural Logarithm of Total Assets on the dependent variable, namely Tax Avoidance. Based on table 4.9, it can be seen that the Return On Asset (ROA) variable has a regression coefficient value of -0.786934 and a t-count value of -7.619628 with a significance value of 0.0000 which is smaller than 5%. These results indicate that Return On Assets (ROA) has a significant negative effect. Therefore, the first hypothesis (H1) can be concluded that the Profitability (ROA) variable has a negative effect on Tax Avoidance (CETR) in Automotive Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Based on Table 8, it can be seen that the Leverage (DER) variable has a regression coefficient value of 1.246662 and a t-count value of 4.280780 with a significance value of 0.0002 which is smaller than 5%.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 215,\n \"top\": 36,\n \"width\": 289,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"AKURASI: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Vol 3, No. 2, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36407/akurasi.v3i2.522\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 275,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"112\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 85,\n \"width\": 44,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Table 7\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 101,\n \"width\": 100,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Regression Analysis\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 134,\n \"width\": 141,\n \"height\": 64,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Dependent Variable: Y Method: Panel Least Squares Date: 06/04/20 Time: 15:33 Sample: 2012 2019 Periods included: 8\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 198,\n \"width\": 355,\n \"height\": 263,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Cross-sections included: 4 Total panel (balanced) observations: 32 Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C -28.00216 15.64782 -1.789525 0.0857 X1 -0.786934 0.103277 -7.619628 0.0000 X2 1.246662 0.291223 4.280780 0.0002 X3 0.024262 0.014152 1.714407 0.0988 Effects Specification Cross-section fixed (dummy variables) R-squared 0.845405 Mean dependent var -0.578594 Adjusted R-squared 0.808302 S.D. dependent var 0.335950 S.E. of regression 0.147090 Akaike info criterion -0.804903 Sum squared resid 0.540887 Schwarz criterion -0.484273 Log likelihood 19.87845 Hannan-Quinn criter. -0.698623 F-statistic 22.78551 Durbin-Watson stat 1.234017 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 472,\n \"width\": 161,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Source: Data processed in 2020\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 498,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 174,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"These results indicate that the Debt to Equity Ratio has no effect. Therefore, the second hypothesis (H2) can be concluded that the variable Leverage (DER) has a positive effect on Tax Avoidance (CETR) in Automotive Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Based on table 8, it can be seen that the variable Company Size (Size) has a regression coefficient value of 0.024262 and a t-count value of 1.714407 with a significance value of 0.0988 which is greater than 5%. These results indicate that the size of the company (Size) does not have a significant effect. Therefore, the third hypothesis (H3) can be concluded that the variable Company Size (Size) has no effect on Tax Avoidance (CETR) in Automotive Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Simultaneous Test (Test F) was done to determine whether Profitability (ROA) (X1), Leverage (DER) (X2) and Company Size (SIZE) (X3) have a simultaneous effect on Tax Avoidance (CETR) (Y). Based on the test results in table 4.10 (the results of the Regression Model fixed effect), it can be seen that the calculated F value is 22.78551 with a significance value of 0.000000 which is smaller than 5%. Therefore, it can be concluded that Profitability (ROA) (X1), Leverage (DER) ) (X2), Firm Size (SIZE) (X3) has a simultaneous effect on Tax Avoidance (CETR) (Y).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 694,\n \"width\": 60,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Discussions\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 715,\n \"width\": 202,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The effect of Profitability on Tax Avoidance\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 736,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 43,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Based on the regression analysis results presented in Table 4.9 particularly the Profitability variable as proxied by the Return On Assets (ROA) ratio, it was proven that ROA has a negative effect on CETR. This study contradicts the research conducted by Deddy Dyas Cahyono et al.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 36,\n \"width\": 116,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Amelia Oktrivina Siregar\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 251,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Profitability, Leverage, Company Size, Tax Avoidance ..\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 304,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"113\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 85,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 58,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"(2015). However, this research is in line with research by Ulfa Jasmina (2017), Ngadiman and Puspitasari (2014), Dianing Ratna Wijayanti (2017), Komang Subagiastra et al (2016), Naniek Noviasari and Dewi (2017), Ririh Astrisna Ganiswari (2019) and Melisa Fadila (2017) which shows that profitability has a significant effect on Tax Avoidance.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 154,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 102,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"These results indicate that companies with a higher level of profit has a lower value of CETR, which means that the lower the CETR level, the higher the level of tax avoidance. Return on Assets reflects a company's performance in generating net income. The higher the profit generated, the more likely the company is to avoid tax, because the company wants to display large profits by minimizing the tax expense. By minimizing the tax expense, the company will provide maximum results for the company's profits. This was done by the company to give a signal to investors that the company's performance is good.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 268,\n \"width\": 186,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The effect of Leverage on Tax Avoidance\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 289,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 87,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Based on the regression analysis results presented in Table 4.9 particularly the Leverage variable as proxied by the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), it was proven that DER has a positive effect on CETR. This research contradicts the research of Khoirunnisa Alviyani (2016), Deddy Dyas Cahyono et al (2016), Ngadiman & Puspitasari (2014) and Melisa Fadila (2017). However, this research is in line with the research of Yoanis Carrica Wijayanti and Ni Ketut Lely A. Merkusiwati (2017) which shows that Leverage has a positive effect on Tax Avoidance.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 378,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 117,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"These results indicate that companies with a higher level of leverage has a lower level of CETR. This means that the lower the level of CETR, the higher the level of tax avoidance. This means that the higher the leverage, the higher the Tax Avoidance. Leverage has an effect on Tax Avoidance because debt that results in the emergence of interest expense can be deductible from taxable profit, while dividends from retained earnings cannot be deductible from profit. Interest expense that can be used as a deduction from taxable profit is interest expense that arises as a result of loans to third parties or creditors who have no relationship with the company (Marfu'ah, 2015).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 512,\n \"width\": 210,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The effect of Company Size on Tax Avoidance\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 532,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 162,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Based on the regression analysis results presented in Table 4.9 particularly the Company Size variable as proxied by the natural logarithm of Total Assets, it was proven that Company Size has a positive effect on CETR. This research contradicts with Deddy Dyas, Rita Andini, and Kharis Raharjo (2016) and Ririh Atrisna Ganiswari (2019). On the other hand, this research is in line with Alviyani (2016), Nur Laily (2017), Ulfa Jasmine (2017), Ngadiman & Puspitasari (2014), and Melisa Fadila (2017) showing that profitability has a positive effect on Tax Avoidance. These results indicate that companies with a higher level of company size has a lower level of CETR. This means that the lower the CETR level, the level of tax avoidance will increase. Hence, the higher the size of a company, the higher the tax evasion by the company. The effect of this variable is because paying taxes is the company's obligation. Large companies or small companies will always be chased by the tax authorities if they violate tax provisions.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 710,\n \"width\": 212,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 730,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 42,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Based on the results of data processing and hypothesis testing on all variables that have been carried out, the conclusions of this study are as follows: Profitability (ROA) has a negative effect on Tax Avoidance. This is based on hypothesis testing or significant test (t test) with t value = -\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 215,\n \"top\": 36,\n \"width\": 289,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"AKURASI: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Vol 3, No. 2, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36407/akurasi.v3i2.522\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 275,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"114\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 85,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 43,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"7.619628 and probability (sig) = 0.0000 < (sig) 0.05. Profitability (ROA) can increase the level of tax avoidance. The higher the profit generated, the more likely the company is to avoid tax, because the company wants to display large profits, namely by minimizing the tax expense.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 130,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 87,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Leverage (DER) has a positive effect on Tax Avoidance. This is based on hypothesis testing or significant test (t test) with t value = 4.280780 and probability value (sig) = 0.0002 < (sig) 0.05. Leverage (DER) can increase the level of tax avoidance. The higher the leverage, the higher the Tax Avoidance. Leverage has an effect on Tax Avoidance because debt that results in the emergence of interest expense can be a deduction from taxable profit, while dividends from retained earnings cannot be deductible from profit.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 219,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 87,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Company Size (SIZE) has no effect on Tax Avoidance. This is based on hypothesis testing or significant test (t test) with t value = 1.714407 and probability value (sig) = 0.0988 > (sig) 0.05. Company size can increase the level of tax evasion. The higher the size of the company, the higher the tax avoidance done by the company, because paying taxes is the company's obligation. Large companies or small companies will always be chased by the tax authorities if they violate tax provisions.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 324,\n \"width\": 60,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Suggestions\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 344,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 191,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Adding other variables such as audit committee variables and institutional ownership, or adding mediating or intervening variables and control variables so that further researchers can find out whether or not these variables affect tax avoidance. Using other companies other than automotive companies, for example companies engaged in services, manufacturing, banking, telecommunications and so on, so that they are not limited to the automotive sector. So that it can be used as material to increase knowledge and insight about Tax Avoidance, so that company management can design a mechanism for implementing the company's sustainability properly and correctly. It is hoped that the government will further clarify the tax avoidance law in order to narrow down the tax avoidance actions by the taxpayers and make special requirements for companies that have debt with a certain ratio including interest, so that companies do not take advantage of debt interest as a tax deduction. Investors must really pay attention to whether the company practices tax avoidance legally or illegally by employing experts in the field of taxation, so as not to cause negative impacts in the future\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 559,\n \"width\": 74,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"REFERENCES\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 581,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 104,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"http://www.idx.co.id Alfiyani, K. (2016). Pengaruh Corporate Governance, Karakter Eksekutif, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Leverage terhadap Penghindaran Pajak (studi pada perusahaan pertanian dan pertambangan yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2011-2014). Fekon Vol. 3 No. 1 (Februari) 2016 . Cahyono, A. &. (2016). Pengaruh Komite Audit, Kepemilikan Institusional, Dewan Komisaris, Ukuran Perusahaan, Leverage dan Profitabilitas terhadap Tindakan Penghindaran Pajak pada perusahaan perbankan yang listing BEI periode tahun 2011-2013. Journal of Accounting, Volume. 2 No. 2 Maret 2016 .\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 685,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 77,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Fadila, M. (2017). Pengaruh ROA, Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan Kompensasi Rugi Fiskal, Kepemilikan Institusional dan Koneksi politik terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. JOM Fekon, Vol. 4 no. 1 (Februari) 2017 . Hidayat, W. W. (2018). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage dan Pertumbuhan Penjualan terhadap Penghindaran Pajak : studi kasus Perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia. Jurnal Riset Manajemen dan Bisnis (JRMB) vol 3, no. 1 februari 2018 , 19-26.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 36,\n \"width\": 116,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Amelia Oktrivina Siregar\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 251,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Profitability, Leverage, Company Size, Tax Avoidance ..\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 304,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"115\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 85,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 116,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Jasmine, U. (2017). Pengaruh Leverage, Kepemilikan Institusional, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Profitabilitas terhadap Penghindaran Pajak (studi pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2012 - 2014). JOM Fekon Vol.4 No.1 (Februari) 2017 . Laily, N. (2017). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Institusional, Proporsi Dewan Komisaris, Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Return on Asset terhadap Penghindaran Pajak pada Perusahaan Manufaktur. STIE Perbanas Surabaya . Merkusiwati, W. &. (2017). Pengaruh Proporsi Komisaris Independen, Kepemilikan Institusional, Leverage dan Ukuran Perusahaan pada Penghindaran Pajak. ISSN: 2302-8556 E-Jurnal Akuntansi Univ Udayana Vol.20.1. July 2017 , 699-728.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 201,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Noviari, D. &. (2017). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Leverage, Profitabilitas dan Corporate Social Responcibility terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. E-jurnal Akuntansi Univ. Udayana Vol 21.1. Oktober (2017) , 830-859.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 240,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 77,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Puspitasari, N. &. (2014). Pengaruh Leverage, Kepemilikan Institusional dan Ukuran perusahaan terhadap Penghindaran Pajak pada perusahaan sektor manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI 2010-2012. Jurnal Akuntansi/Volume XVIII, no. 3, September 2014 , 408-421. Putri, L. &. (2017). Pengaruh Corporate Governance, Koneksi Politik dan Leverage terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana vol.18.3 Maret (2017) , 2028- 2054.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 317,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 78,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Subagiastra, A. &. (2016). Pengaruh profitabilitas, Kepemilikan Keluarga, dan Good Corporate Governance terhadap Penghindaran Pajak (studi pada peusahaan manufaktur di BEI Indonesia). Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Vol. 1, No. 2, Desember 2016 , 167-193. Wijayani, D. R. (2017). Pengaruh Pofitabilitas, Kepeilikan Keluarga, Corporate Governance dan Kepemilikan Institusional terhadap Penghindaran Pajak di Indonesia (studi empiris Perusahaan manufaktur yang listed di BEI 2012-2014). JDEB Vol. 14 No. 02 Maret 2017 .\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 215,\n \"top\": 36,\n \"width\": 289,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"AKURASI: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Vol 3, No. 2, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36407/akurasi.v3i2.522\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 275,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"116\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 101,\n \"width\": 82,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"DECLARATIONS\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 129,\n \"width\": 44,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Funding\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 142,\n \"width\": 417,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The authors received no financial support for the research and publication of this article.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 168,\n \"width\": 213,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Conflicts of interest/ Competing interests :\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 180,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 206,\n \"width\": 209,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Data, Materials and/or Code Availability:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 219,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 247,\n \"width\": 117,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"How to cite this Article\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 262,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 43,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Siregar, A.O, (2021). The Effect of Profitability, Leverage and Company Size on Tax Avoidance in the Automotive Sector Manufacturing Companies. AKURASI: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan , 3 (2), 103 - 116.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n }\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":1492,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"string","value":"0fe5d4ae-945a-841a-24b1-94c1070cbd4c"},"url":{"kind":"string","value":"https://ejournal.kompetif.com/index.php/dayasaing/article/download/1346/942"},"data":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"left":71,"top":52,"width":21,"height":11,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"536","type":"Page header"},{"left":71,"top":377,"width":226,"height":397,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Platform media sosial sait ini menjadi tren dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Keberadaan media sosial memberikan pengaruh yang sangat besar dalam dunia bisnis. Di Indonesia perkembangan media sosial sedang mencapai puncaknya. Salah satu faktor penyebabnya adalah adanya pandemi COVID-19 yang melanda dunia beberapa tahun lalu. Akibatnya Perubahan perilaku konsumen juga berdampak, sebagian besar aktivitas dilakukan secara online, membuat orang lebih sering menggunakan internet. Perilaku konsumen merupakan perilaku yang ditunjukan oleh konsumen saat mencari, menggunakan, membeli dan memberikan evaluasi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dan keinginannya. Konsumen saat ini menginginkan sesuatu yang serba cepat dan mudah, ditambah lagi jika ingin membeli suatu barang orang tidak perlu lagi keluar rumah. dengan adanya internet dan smartphone saja dapat dengan mudah orang melakukan pembelian. Laporan We Are Social mencatat, jumlah pengguna internet di Indonesia telah mencapai 212,9 juta pada Januari 2023. Ini berarti sekitar 77% dari populasi Indonesia telah menggunakan internet. Jumlah pengguna internet pada Januari 2023 lebih tinggi 3,85% dibanding","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":377,"width":215,"height":39,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"setahun lalu. Pada Januari 2022, jumlah pengguna internet di Indonesia tercatat sebanyak 205 juta jiwa.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":579,"width":216,"height":122,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Berdasarkan laporan tahunan “ Digital 2021: Global Overview Reports ” yang diterbitkan oleh Hootsuite dan WeAreSocial. Indonesia termasuk salah satu negara dengan pertumbuhan pengguna media sosial tertinggi, ada 170 juta pengguna saat ini (+6.3% dibanding 2020) yang setara dengan 61.8% dari populasi Indonesia.","type":"Text"},{"left":80,"top":92,"width":436,"height":29,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Keterbentukan Keputusan Pembelian Melalui Persepsi Resiko, Reputasi dan Keamanan Pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru","type":"Section header"},{"left":204,"top":144,"width":184,"height":14,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"SRI MULYANA 1 ; DEWI SARTIKA 2","type":"Text"},{"left":190,"top":171,"width":214,"height":32,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Persada Bunda Jl. Diponegoro No. 42 Pekanbaru Telp. (0761)23181 E-mail: ewasrimulyana@gmail.com","type":"Text"},{"left":124,"top":215,"width":346,"height":6,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Submit : 2023-05-22 Review : 2023-06-15 Publish : 2023-06-26","type":"Table"},{"left":105,"top":240,"width":381,"height":101,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Abstract : This study was conducted to analyze the factors that affect consumers in the city of Pekanbaru in making purchasing decisions on Tiktok. The independent variables consist of perceived risk (X1), Reputation (X2), and security (X3). The dependent variable is the purchase decision (Y). In this study the sample amounted to 108 respondents taken using accidental sampling technique and are analyzed by multiple linear regression utilizing SPSS 21 software. The test results prove that the (1) perceived risk has a significant effect on purchasing decision on Tiktok in Pekanbaru; (2) Reputation has significant effect on purchasing decision on Tiktok in Pekanbaru, (3) Security has significant effect on purchasing decision on Tiktok in Pekanbaru","type":"Text"},{"left":105,"top":355,"width":285,"height":9,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Keywords: Perceived Risk, reputation, Security, Purchasing Decision","type":"Text"},{"left":507,"top":52,"width":21,"height":11,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"537","type":"Page header"},{"left":71,"top":246,"width":223,"height":245,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Youtube dan Whatsapp berada di posisi teratas untuk platform yang paling sering digunakan. 93.8% pengguna internet, lebih sering menggunakan Youtube dan 87.7% nya menggunakan Whatsapp. Tahun 2020 merupakan tahun yang sangat sukses bagi media sosial TikTok. Awal tahun 2020, 25% pengguna internet menggunakan TikTok dan 2021 angkanya sudah bertumbuh menjadi 38.7%. TikTok memiliki pertumbuhan yang paling tinggi dibanding platform lainnya yang berada. Selain itu, TikTok berada di peringkat nomor 1 dengan app download terbanyak selama 2020. Kehadiran TikTok menambah daftar media sosial yang berpotensi membantu mempromosikan dan mengembangkan bisnis di Indonesia.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":494,"width":223,"height":273,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Berbelanja online pada media sosial khususnya tiktok memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan. Kelebihan berbelanja online pada media sosial diantaranya praktis , menghemat waktu, dan banyak pilihan barang yang dapat dibeli. Sedangkan kekurangannya yaitu adanya risiko penipuan, tidak dapat melihat barang secara langsung sehingga barang tidak dapat dicoba, penjual melakukan penjualan secara live tetapi hanya memutar video yang bukan produknya, terkadang barang yang dibeli tidak sesuai dengan harapan, dan pengiriman barang yang lama serta adanya ongkos kirim yang mahal. Menurut Kim, Ferrin, dan Rao (2008)Persepsi risiko memiliki pengaruh yang kuat terhadap keputusan pembelian. Konsumen yang merasakan adanya risiko saat berbelanja darling akan mengurangi keinginannya dalam membeli. Hal itu juga","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":88,"width":215,"height":52,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"dibenarkan oleh Teo dan Liu (2007) yang mengatakan bahwa persepsi risiko memiliki hubungan negatif yang kuat dengan keinginan untuk membeli.","type":"Text"},{"left":348,"top":143,"width":179,"height":11,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Selain persepsi resiko dalam","type":"Table"},{"left":312,"top":157,"width":216,"height":397,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"melakukan transaksi secara online pada tiktok reputasi juga merupakan faktor penting bagi kosnumen dalam melakukan transaksi. Konsumen dapat melihat reputasi penjual dengan melihat profil dan mengecek rating dari penjual. Konsumen juga dapat melihat rating dan komentar dari r eview konsumen yang sudah membeli. Hal ini perlu dilakukan oleh konsumen guna keamanan dalam bertransaksi. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Aziz dan Tiarawati (2021) terdapat pengaruh Reputasi penjual terhadap Keputusan Pembelian secara signifikan. Hal iu juga sama dengan penelitian selviana dan istyanto (2021) bahwa reputasi penjual berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian. Keamanan dalam bertransaksi merupakan faktor penting dalam membeli suatu produk dalam media online. Tik tok shope memiliki filtrasi tersendiri guna meminimalisir terjadinya kejahatan digital dan penipuan, sehingga akan menambah kepercayaan konsumen untuk membeli produk dengan menggunakan tiktok shop. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan penelitian Yunita, Sumarsono dan Farida (2019) yaitu keamanan memiliki pengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":557,"width":216,"height":121,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut maka rumusan masalah penelitian adalah Bagaimana Pengaruh Persepsi Resiko terhadap keputusan pembelian pada tiktok di pekanbaru, Bagaimana pengaruh reputasi terhadap keputusan pembelian pengguna Tiktok di Pekanbaru dan Bagaimana pengaruh Keamanan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":681,"width":216,"height":94,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Keputusan pembelian merupakan proses-proses yang terjadi pada saat sebelum seseorang konsumen melakukan pembelian suatu produk ( Nurmansyah, 2018) .Proses Keputusan Pembelian melalui beberapa tahap yang dilakukan oleh konsumen. Tahap tersebut akan","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":52,"width":21,"height":11,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"538","type":"Page header"},{"left":71,"top":88,"width":223,"height":563,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"menghasilkan suatu keputusan baik itu membeli atau tidak dan setelah membeli konsumen akan puas atau tidak. Kotler dan Keller yang di alih bahasakan oleh Sumarwan (2011) menyatakan proses keputusan pembelian terdiri dari lima tahap yaitu; (a) Pengenalan Kebutuhan ( Need Recognition ), proses pembelian dimulai ketika pembeli mengenali masalah atau kebutuhan. Kebutuhan tersebut dapat dicetuskan oleh rangsangan internal atau eksternal. (b) Pencarian Informasi, seorang konsumen yang terangsang akan terdorong untuk mencari informasi yang lebih banyak. Dalam hal ini dapat dibagi kedalam dua level rangsangan. Situasi pencarian informasi yang lebih ringan dinamakan penguatan perhatian. Pada level ini, orang hanya sekedar lebih peka terhadap informasi produk. Pada level selanjutnya, orang itu mungkin mulai aktif untuk mencari informasi: mencari bahan bacaan, menelepon temannya, mengunjungi toko untuk mengetahui detail mengenai produk tertentu. (c) Evaluasi Alternatif, tidak ada proses evaluasi tunggal sederhana yang digunakan oleh semua konsumen atau oleh satu konsumen dalam semua situasi pembelian.). (d) Keputusan Membeli. Pada tahap keputusan membeli, konsumen akan melakukan evaluasi membentuk preferensi terhadap merek-merek yang terdapat pada perangkat pilihan. (e) Perilaku Pasca Pembelian. Pembelian Tugas pemasar tidak berakhir saat produk dibeli oleh konsumen, melainkan berlanjut hingga periode pasca pembelian. Setelah pembelian produk terjadi, konsumen akan mengalami suatu tingkat kepuasan atau ketidakpuasan. Kepuasan atau ketidakpuasan konsumen terhadap produk akan mempengaruhi tingkah laku konsumen berikutnya","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":654,"width":223,"height":121,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Terdapat dua keterlibatan konsumen dalam pembuatan keputusan pembelian menurut Peter dan Olson (2013), meliputi : (a) Keterlibatan situasional hanya terjadi seketika pada situasi tertentu dan bersifat temporer. (b) Keterlibatan tahan lama berlangsung lebih lama dan bersifat permanen. Seorang konsumen membeli barang dengan keterlibatan yang permanen","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":88,"width":215,"height":38,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"karena menganggap bahwa jika tidak membeli produk tersebut akan merusak konsep dirinya.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":129,"width":216,"height":163,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Menurut Sutisna dan Sunyoto (2013), ada tiga hal penting dari memahami model keputusan pembelian konsumen yaitu: (a) Dengan adanya model, pandangan terhadap perilaku konsumen bisa dilihat dalam perspektif yang terintegrasi. (b) Model keputusan pembelian konsumen dapat dijadikan dasar untuk pengembangan strategi pemasaran yang efektif. (c) Model keputusan pembelian konsumen dapat dijadikan dasar untuk segmentasi dan positioning.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":295,"width":216,"height":273,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Kotler dan Amstrong (2012) dalam Priansa (2018), dimensi keputusan pembelian terdiri dari: (a) Pilihan Produk. Konsumen dapat mengambil keputusan untuk membeli sebuah produk atau menggunakan uangnya untuk tujuan yang lain. (b) Pilihan Merek. Konsumen harus memutuskan merek mana yang akan dibelinya. (c) Pilihan Saluran Pembelian. Konsumen mengambil keputusan tentang penyalur mana yang akan dikunjungi. (d) Waktu Pembelian. Keputusan konsumen dalam pemilihan waktu pembelian bisa berbeda, misalnya: ada yang membeli setiap hari, satu minggu sekali, dua minggu sekali, tiga minggu sekali, satu bulan sekali dan sebagainya. (e) Jumlah Pembelian. Konsumen dapat mengambil keputusan tentang seberapa banyak produk yang akan dibelinya pada suatu saat.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":571,"width":219,"height":149,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Menurut Sciffman dan Kanuk (2010), persepsi risiko adalah dampak yang dapat dirasakan ketika seseorang tidak dapat memperkirakan keputusan yang telah diambil. Menurut Olglethorpe (1994) mendefinisikan persepsi risiko adalah sebagai persepsi konsumen mengenai ketidakpastian dan konsekuensi- konsekuensi negatif yang mungkin diterima atas pembelian suatu produk atau jasa (Mulyana 2016)","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":723,"width":216,"height":52,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Risiko melakukan transaksi online meliputi pada finansial, kinerja atau tampilan, sosial, psikologi, fisik dan risiko temporer (Karami & Wismiarsi, 2016)","type":"Text"},{"left":507,"top":52,"width":21,"height":11,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"539","type":"Page header"},{"left":71,"top":88,"width":223,"height":121,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Namun dalam praktiknya tidak seluruh risiko tersebut mampu dipersepsikan atau dipertimbangkan oleh konsumen. Hal ini tentunya sesuai dengan pengalaman, pengetahuan, wawasan dan kemampuan konsumen. Indikator persepsi risiko adalah sebagai berikut (Yunita dkk, 2019): (1). Risiko Produk (2). Risiko transaksi (3). Risiko psikologi.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":212,"width":223,"height":135,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Pada konteks transaksi secara nline, suatu reputasi yang cemerlang bisa dilakukan dengan cara memberikan tanggapan atau respon yang ramah dan cepat, pengiriman barang dengan tepat waktu, sesuai dengan permintaan pelanggan dan juga kemudahan untuk mengaksesnya (Adi, 2013). Pelayanan atau sevice yang maksimal dapat mengurangi kekhawatiran para calon konsumen terkait transaksi online.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":350,"width":223,"height":122,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Dalam membangun kepercayaan konsumen memberikan jaminan keamanan adalah salah satu hal yang harus diperhatikan oleh penjual karena merupakan hal yang sangat penting, sehingga konsumen merasa data yang diberikan akan selalu aman dan tidak akan dapat digunakan oleh pihak yang salah dan dapat merugikan konsumen. Indikator keamanan","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":461,"width":223,"height":38,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Keamanan dapat dikatakan sebagai kemampuan toko dalam menjaga keamanan atas","type":"Table"},{"left":71,"top":488,"width":222,"height":25,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"segala transaksi.Indikator","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":502,"width":223,"height":80,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Keamanan menurut Raman Arasu dan Viswanathan A. (2011) adalah: (1). Tidak menyalahgunakan data pribadi konsumen. (2). Memberikan penjagaan dan merahasiakan data diri konsumen dari pihak","type":"Text"},{"left":239,"top":571,"width":55,"height":11,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"hacker.(3).","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":585,"width":222,"height":25,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Memberikan keyakinan akan jaminan keamanan.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":626,"width":56,"height":11,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"METODE","type":"Section header"},{"left":71,"top":640,"width":223,"height":135,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Penelitian dilakukan di Pekanbaru, dengan cara menyebarkan angket penelitian terhadap konsumen yang melakukan pembelian di Tiktok. Populasi yang digunakan adalah konsumen yang telah melakukan pembelian di Tiktok, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 108 responden. Teknik analisa data dengan bantuan SPSS Versi 23. Uji yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari uji validitas, dengan","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":88,"width":215,"height":121,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"meggunakan metode Corrected item total correlation, uji reliabilitas,dengan membandingkan nilai Cronbach’s Alpha yang didapat dengan nilai Cronbach’s Alpha yang diambil sebagai acuan, yaitu sebesar 0,7. Selain itu ditentukan juga persamaan regresi linear berganda, uji t, dengan ketentuan t hitung> t tabel dan uji F, dengan kriteria F hitung>F tabel.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":226,"width":43,"height":11,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"HASIL","type":"Section header"},{"left":312,"top":240,"width":216,"height":232,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Dari hasil penyebaran angket sebanyak 108 rsponden, maka didapatlah hasil untuk karakteristik responden menunjukkan bahwa jumlah responden yang terbanyak melakukan pembelian di Tiktok adalah perempuan dengan jumlah 70 orang dengan persentasi 64,8. Usia responden yang melakukan pembelian di Tiktok terbanyak berada pada usia 17-25 tahun dengan jumlah 95 orang dengan persentase 88,0. Responden telah melakukan pembelian terbanyak yaitu lebih dari 6 kali dengan jumlah 63 orang dengan persentase 58,3. Jenis barang yang dibeli terbanyak di Tiktok oleh responden adalah Fashion dengan jumlah 81 orang dengan persentasi 75,0.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":488,"width":189,"height":11,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Persamaan regresi Linear Berganda","type":"Section header"},{"left":312,"top":502,"width":215,"height":25,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Hasil persamaan regresi linear berganda dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut:","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":530,"width":179,"height":11,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Tabel 12. Regresi Linier berganda","type":"Section header"},{"left":328,"top":543,"width":195,"height":44,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Model Unstandardize d Coefficients Standardiz ed Coefficien ts t Sig.","type":"Table"},{"left":383,"top":590,"width":82,"height":20,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"B Std. Error Beta","type":"Picture"},{"left":314,"top":613,"width":210,"height":80,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"1 (Constant) -1.750 1.348 - 1.298 .197 Persepsi Resiko x1 -.019 .115 -.016 -.164 .870 Reputasi x2 .800 .123 .613 6.518 .000 Keamanan x3 .387 .122 .251 3.187 .002","type":"Table"},{"left":312,"top":710,"width":216,"height":66,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Berdasarkan tabel di atas, maka didapat persamaan regresi linier berganda yaitu Y=-1,750-,019X1+0,800X2+0,387X3 Hal ini berarti","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":52,"width":21,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"540","type":"Page header"},{"left":71,"top":88,"width":223,"height":66,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"a= -1,750 merupakan konstanta, hal ini menunjukkan ketika persepsi resiko (X1), reputasi (X2) dan keamanan (X3) dianggap nol, maka keputusan pembelian bernilai -1,750","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":157,"width":225,"height":80,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"b1= koefisien regresi persepsi resiko (X1) sebesar -0,019, mengalami peningkatan satu satuan sementara reputasi (X2) dan keamanan (X3) dianggap konstan/nol, maka keputusan pembelian mengalami penurunan sebesar 0,019","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":240,"width":223,"height":163,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"b2= koefisien regresi reputasi (X1) sebesar 0,800, mengalami peningkatan satu satuan sementara persepsi resiko (X1) dan keamanan (X3) dianggap konstan/nol, maka keputusan pembelian mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0,800 b3= koefisien regresi keamanan (X3) sebesar 0,387, mengalami peningkatan satu satuan sementara persepsi resiko (X1) dan reputasi (X2) dianggap konstan/nol, maka keputusan pembelian mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0,387.","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":419,"width":26,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Uji t","type":"Section header"},{"left":71,"top":433,"width":223,"height":273,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Uji t digunakan untuk melihat pengaruh masing-masing variabel X yang terdir dari persepsi resiko (x1), reputasi (x2) dan keamanan (x3) terhadap variabel Y yaitu keputusan pembelian. T tabel diperoleh dengan cara Df=N-K-1=108-3-1=104 dengan taraf signifikan sebesar 0,05. Sehingga diperoleh t tabel sebesar 1.98304. Nilai t hitung untuk masing-masing variabel persepsi resiko (X1) yaitu -0,164 < t tabel (1.98304) dengan sig > 0,05, maka persepsi resiko tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian, reputasi (X2) yaitu 6,518> t tabel (1.98304) dengan sig < 0,5 maka reputasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kep utusan pembelian, serta keamanan (X3) yaitu 3,187 > t tabel (1.98304) dengan sig< 0,05 maka keamanan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":723,"width":29,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Uji F","type":"Section header"},{"left":71,"top":736,"width":223,"height":39,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Uji F digunakan untuk melihat pengaruh secara simultan variabel X yang terdiri dari persepsi resiko, reputasi dan","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":88,"width":219,"height":121,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"keamanan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Penentuan F tabel dilakukan dengan cara Df1 =K-1=3-1=2. Df2=N-K=108-4=104, sehingga didapat F tabel sebesar 2,69. Nilai F hitung untuk uji simultan adalah50,287 > F tabel ( 2.69) dengan sig <0,05. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa persepsi resiko, reputasi dan keamanan berpengaruh secara simultan terhdap keputusan pembelian.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":226,"width":88,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"PEMBAHASAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":312,"top":240,"width":216,"height":38,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Pengaruh Persepsi Resiko terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":281,"width":216,"height":232,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai t hitung persepsi resiko yaitu sebesar -0,164, sedangkan t tabel sebesar 1.98304 dan sig 0.870 > 0,05. Sehingga persepsi resiko tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru. Hal ini tidak sejalan dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Haryani (2019) yang mengatakan bahwa persepsi resiko berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian secara online di Tanjung Pinang. Begitu juga dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Yunita dkk (2019) yaitu persepsi risiko memiliki pengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian pada komunitas buka lapak Ponorogo.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":530,"width":216,"height":25,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Pengaruh Reputasi terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":557,"width":216,"height":204,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai t hitung reputasi yaitu sebesar 6,518, sedangkan t tabel sebesar 1.98304 dan sig 0.00 < 0,05. Sehingga reputasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru. Hal ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Tjakraatmaja dan Harjanti (2018) yang mengatakan bahwa reputasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian secara online pada produk kosmetik di Instagram Begitu juga dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Aziz dan Tiarawati (2021) yaitu reputasi penjual","type":"Text"},{"left":507,"top":52,"width":21,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"541","type":"Page header"},{"left":71,"top":88,"width":222,"height":25,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"memiliki pengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":129,"width":223,"height":25,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Pengaruh Keamanan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru","type":"Text"},{"left":107,"top":157,"width":186,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Berdasarkan hasil penelitian","type":"Table"},{"left":71,"top":171,"width":223,"height":232,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"diperoleh nilai t hitung keamanan yaitu sebesar 3,187, sedangkan t tabel sebesar 1.98304 sehingga t hitung > t tabel. Begitu juga dengan nilai sig 0,02 < 0,05. Sehingga keamanan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru. Hal ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Yunita dkk (2019) yaitu keamanan memiliki pengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap keputusan pembelian pada komunitas Buka lapak Ponorogo. Ha ini sejalan juga dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Puanda dan Rahmidani, 2021.yang mengatakan bahwa keputusan pembelian online melalui aplikasi Shopee dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh variabel keamanan.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":419,"width":222,"height":39,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Pengaruh Persepsi Resiko, Reputasi dan Keamanan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru","type":"Text"},{"left":107,"top":461,"width":63,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Berdasarkan","type":"Table"},{"left":71,"top":461,"width":223,"height":162,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai F hitung yaitu sebesar 50,287, sedangkan F tabel sebesar 2,69 dan sig 0.00 < 0,05. Sehingga persepsi resiko, reputasi dan keamanan secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru.hal ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Yunita dkk (2019) yaitu terdapat pengaruh persepsi risiko, kepercayaan dan keamanan terhadap keputusan pembelian online di Buka lapak. Ponorogo.","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":640,"width":70,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"SIMPULAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":71,"top":654,"width":222,"height":38,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Berdasarkan tujuan penelitian yang ingin dicapai, maka dapat diambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut:","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":695,"width":223,"height":39,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"1. Persepsi resiko berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":736,"width":223,"height":25,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"2. Reputasi berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru","type":"List item"},{"left":312,"top":88,"width":215,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"3. Keamanan berpengaruh terhadap","type":"List item"},{"left":330,"top":102,"width":197,"height":24,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"keputusan pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru","type":"Table"},{"left":312,"top":129,"width":215,"height":39,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"4. Persepsi resiko, reputasi dan keamanan berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru","type":"List item"},{"left":312,"top":185,"width":115,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"DAFTAR RUJUKAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":312,"top":212,"width":216,"height":80,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Adi, Rifki dan Widiyanto. 2013. Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian dengan sistem pre order secara online (Studi kasus pada online shop Chopper Jersey).","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":307,"width":216,"height":108,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Aziz dan Tiarawati. (2021). Pengaruh Reputasi Penjual, Kepercayaan dan Kemudahan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Online Second Hand (Studi pada Pengguna Aplikasi OLX) . Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sains Indonesia (JRMSI). Volume 12 No 1","type":"Table"},{"left":312,"top":429,"width":216,"height":53,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Haryani, Dwi Septi.2019. Pengaruh persepsi risiko terhadap keputusan pembelian online di tanjungpinang . DIMENSI, VOL.","type":"Table"},{"left":355,"top":485,"width":173,"height":24,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"8, NO. 2 : 198-209 JULI 2019 ISSN: 2085-9996","type":"List item"},{"left":312,"top":524,"width":209,"height":53,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"https://www.kompasiana.com/bayu1127/63 4183bfc1cb8a575a57c522/perkem bangan-tiktok-sebagai-sarana- digital-marketing-di-indonesia.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":591,"width":216,"height":39,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Kanuk, L. G. (2010). Consumer behavior (10th ed). usa: prentica hall international .inc.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":645,"width":216,"height":80,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Karami, K., & Wismiarsi, T. (2016). Pengaruh risiko pada keputusan belanja online . Prosiding Seminar Nasional INDOCOMPAC (pp. 320- 333). Jakarta: Universitas Bakrie.","type":"List item"},{"left":312,"top":739,"width":216,"height":39,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Mulyana. (2016). Pengaruh kepercayaan, persepsi risiko dan keamanan terhadap minat beli konsumen","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":52,"width":21,"height":11,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"542","type":"Page header"},{"left":113,"top":88,"width":181,"height":38,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"pada toko online (studi pada toko online OLX.co.id) .Skripsi Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.","type":"Table"},{"left":71,"top":141,"width":223,"height":25,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Nurmansyah, (2018), Pengantar Manajemen Pemasaran, Unilak Press, Jakarta","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":181,"width":223,"height":11,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Peter , J Paul and Jerry C Olson . 2013 .","type":"Text"},{"left":113,"top":195,"width":180,"height":24,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Perilaku Konsumen dan Strategi. Pemasaran. Jakarta: Erlangga","type":"List item"},{"left":71,"top":234,"width":222,"height":11,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Priansa, Donni Juni. (2017). Perilaku","type":"Text"},{"left":113,"top":248,"width":180,"height":11,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Konsumen Dalam Persaingan Bisnis","type":"Table"},{"left":113,"top":262,"width":167,"height":11,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Kontemporer . Bandung : Alfabeta","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":288,"width":222,"height":24,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Puanda, Firman,dan Rahmidani, Rose. 2021. Pengaruh Kepercayaan dan","type":"List item"},{"left":113,"top":315,"width":180,"height":67,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Keamanan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Online Melalui Aplikasi Shopee . Vol. 4 .No.3, 2021.http://ejournal.unp.ac.id/studen ts/index.php/pek/index","type":"Table"},{"left":71,"top":396,"width":222,"height":11,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Raman arasu dan viswanathan a. (2011).","type":"Text"},{"left":113,"top":410,"width":180,"height":53,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Pengaruh faktor keamanan, pengetahuan TI, kualitas layanan dan persepri risiko terhadap keputusan pembelian melalui situs","type":"Table"},{"left":113,"top":465,"width":72,"height":11,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"jejaring sosia l","type":"Table"},{"left":71,"top":491,"width":222,"height":11,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Salsabila, Hana Zahra, Susanto, Hutami,","type":"Text"},{"left":113,"top":505,"width":181,"height":66,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Lusia Tria Hatmanti .2021. Pengaruh Persepsi Risiko, Manfaat Dan Kemudahan Penggunaan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Online Pada Aplikasi","type":"Table"},{"left":113,"top":574,"width":180,"height":52,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Shopee . JIMKES Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan Vol. 9 No. 1, 2021 pp. 87-96 IBI Kesatuan ISSN 2337 – 7860 E-ISSN 2721 – 169X","type":"Text"},{"left":71,"top":641,"width":223,"height":80,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Selviana, Yesy, Istiyanto Budi. 2021 Pengaruh Variabel Reputasi, Keamanan, dan Kemudahan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Msyarakat Solo di Shopee . Mabha Jurnal. Volume 2 No 2.","type":"Table"},{"left":71,"top":736,"width":222,"height":11,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Sugiyono.2016. Metode penelitian","type":"Table"},{"left":113,"top":750,"width":181,"height":11,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"kuantitatif, kualitatif dan R&D .","type":"Text"},{"left":113,"top":763,"width":91,"height":11,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Bandung:Alfabeta","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":88,"width":215,"height":52,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Sutisna, Sunyoto. (2013). Perilaku Konsumen dan Komunikasi Pemasaran . Jakarta: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya","type":"Table"},{"left":312,"top":155,"width":215,"height":11,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Tjakraatmadja, Albertina Tri Netta dan","type":"Text"},{"left":355,"top":169,"width":173,"height":66,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Harjanti, Dhyah.2018. Pengaruh reputasi dan kepercayaan terhadap keputusan pembelian secara online pada produk kosmetik di instagram . AGORA","type":"Text"},{"left":355,"top":238,"width":98,"height":11,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Vol. 7 No. 1, (2018)","type":"Table"},{"left":312,"top":264,"width":215,"height":11,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Yunita, Sumarsono dan Farida. 2019.","type":"Text"},{"left":355,"top":277,"width":173,"height":108,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Pengaruh Persepsi Resiko, Kepercayaan, dan Keamanan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Onlne di Buka Lapak (Studi Kasus Pada Komunitas Buka Lapak Ponorogo). Isoquant: Jurnal Ekonokmi, Manajemen & Akuntansi. Vol 3 No 1.","type":"Table"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 52,\n \"width\": 21,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"536\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 377,\n \"width\": 226,\n \"height\": 397,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Platform media sosial sait ini menjadi tren dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Keberadaan media sosial memberikan pengaruh yang sangat besar dalam dunia bisnis. Di Indonesia perkembangan media sosial sedang mencapai puncaknya. Salah satu faktor penyebabnya adalah adanya pandemi COVID-19 yang melanda dunia beberapa tahun lalu. Akibatnya Perubahan perilaku konsumen juga berdampak, sebagian besar aktivitas dilakukan secara online, membuat orang lebih sering menggunakan internet. Perilaku konsumen merupakan perilaku yang ditunjukan oleh konsumen saat mencari, menggunakan, membeli dan memberikan evaluasi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dan keinginannya. Konsumen saat ini menginginkan sesuatu yang serba cepat dan mudah, ditambah lagi jika ingin membeli suatu barang orang tidak perlu lagi keluar rumah. dengan adanya internet dan smartphone saja dapat dengan mudah orang melakukan pembelian. Laporan We Are Social mencatat, jumlah pengguna internet di Indonesia telah mencapai 212,9 juta pada Januari 2023. Ini berarti sekitar 77% dari populasi Indonesia telah menggunakan internet. Jumlah pengguna internet pada Januari 2023 lebih tinggi 3,85% dibanding\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 377,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"setahun lalu. Pada Januari 2022, jumlah pengguna internet di Indonesia tercatat sebanyak 205 juta jiwa.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 579,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 122,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan laporan tahunan “ Digital 2021: Global Overview Reports ” yang diterbitkan oleh Hootsuite dan WeAreSocial. Indonesia termasuk salah satu negara dengan pertumbuhan pengguna media sosial tertinggi, ada 170 juta pengguna saat ini (+6.3% dibanding 2020) yang setara dengan 61.8% dari populasi Indonesia.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 80,\n \"top\": 92,\n \"width\": 436,\n \"height\": 29,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Keterbentukan Keputusan Pembelian Melalui Persepsi Resiko, Reputasi dan Keamanan Pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 204,\n \"top\": 144,\n \"width\": 184,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"SRI MULYANA 1 ; DEWI SARTIKA 2\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 190,\n \"top\": 171,\n \"width\": 214,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Persada Bunda Jl. Diponegoro No. 42 Pekanbaru Telp. (0761)23181 E-mail: ewasrimulyana@gmail.com\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 124,\n \"top\": 215,\n \"width\": 346,\n \"height\": 6,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Submit : 2023-05-22 Review : 2023-06-15 Publish : 2023-06-26\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 105,\n \"top\": 240,\n \"width\": 381,\n \"height\": 101,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Abstract : This study was conducted to analyze the factors that affect consumers in the city of Pekanbaru in making purchasing decisions on Tiktok. The independent variables consist of perceived risk (X1), Reputation (X2), and security (X3). The dependent variable is the purchase decision (Y). In this study the sample amounted to 108 respondents taken using accidental sampling technique and are analyzed by multiple linear regression utilizing SPSS 21 software. The test results prove that the (1) perceived risk has a significant effect on purchasing decision on Tiktok in Pekanbaru; (2) Reputation has significant effect on purchasing decision on Tiktok in Pekanbaru, (3) Security has significant effect on purchasing decision on Tiktok in Pekanbaru\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 105,\n \"top\": 355,\n \"width\": 285,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Keywords: Perceived Risk, reputation, Security, Purchasing Decision\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 507,\n \"top\": 52,\n \"width\": 21,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"537\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 246,\n \"width\": 223,\n \"height\": 245,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Youtube dan Whatsapp berada di posisi teratas untuk platform yang paling sering digunakan. 93.8% pengguna internet, lebih sering menggunakan Youtube dan 87.7% nya menggunakan Whatsapp. Tahun 2020 merupakan tahun yang sangat sukses bagi media sosial TikTok. Awal tahun 2020, 25% pengguna internet menggunakan TikTok dan 2021 angkanya sudah bertumbuh menjadi 38.7%. TikTok memiliki pertumbuhan yang paling tinggi dibanding platform lainnya yang berada. Selain itu, TikTok berada di peringkat nomor 1 dengan app download terbanyak selama 2020. Kehadiran TikTok menambah daftar media sosial yang berpotensi membantu mempromosikan dan mengembangkan bisnis di Indonesia.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 494,\n \"width\": 223,\n \"height\": 273,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Berbelanja online pada media sosial khususnya tiktok memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan. Kelebihan berbelanja online pada media sosial diantaranya praktis , menghemat waktu, dan banyak pilihan barang yang dapat dibeli. Sedangkan kekurangannya yaitu adanya risiko penipuan, tidak dapat melihat barang secara langsung sehingga barang tidak dapat dicoba, penjual melakukan penjualan secara live tetapi hanya memutar video yang bukan produknya, terkadang barang yang dibeli tidak sesuai dengan harapan, dan pengiriman barang yang lama serta adanya ongkos kirim yang mahal. Menurut Kim, Ferrin, dan Rao (2008)Persepsi risiko memiliki pengaruh yang kuat terhadap keputusan pembelian. Konsumen yang merasakan adanya risiko saat berbelanja darling akan mengurangi keinginannya dalam membeli. Hal itu juga\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"dibenarkan oleh Teo dan Liu (2007) yang mengatakan bahwa persepsi risiko memiliki hubungan negatif yang kuat dengan keinginan untuk membeli.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 348,\n \"top\": 143,\n \"width\": 179,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Selain persepsi resiko dalam\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 157,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 397,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"melakukan transaksi secara online pada tiktok reputasi juga merupakan faktor penting bagi kosnumen dalam melakukan transaksi. Konsumen dapat melihat reputasi penjual dengan melihat profil dan mengecek rating dari penjual. Konsumen juga dapat melihat rating dan komentar dari r eview konsumen yang sudah membeli. Hal ini perlu dilakukan oleh konsumen guna keamanan dalam bertransaksi. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Aziz dan Tiarawati (2021) terdapat pengaruh Reputasi penjual terhadap Keputusan Pembelian secara signifikan. Hal iu juga sama dengan penelitian selviana dan istyanto (2021) bahwa reputasi penjual berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian. Keamanan dalam bertransaksi merupakan faktor penting dalam membeli suatu produk dalam media online. Tik tok shope memiliki filtrasi tersendiri guna meminimalisir terjadinya kejahatan digital dan penipuan, sehingga akan menambah kepercayaan konsumen untuk membeli produk dengan menggunakan tiktok shop. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan penelitian Yunita, Sumarsono dan Farida (2019) yaitu keamanan memiliki pengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 557,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 121,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut maka rumusan masalah penelitian adalah Bagaimana Pengaruh Persepsi Resiko terhadap keputusan pembelian pada tiktok di pekanbaru, Bagaimana pengaruh reputasi terhadap keputusan pembelian pengguna Tiktok di Pekanbaru dan Bagaimana pengaruh Keamanan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 681,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 94,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Keputusan pembelian merupakan proses-proses yang terjadi pada saat sebelum seseorang konsumen melakukan pembelian suatu produk ( Nurmansyah, 2018) .Proses Keputusan Pembelian melalui beberapa tahap yang dilakukan oleh konsumen. Tahap tersebut akan\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 52,\n \"width\": 21,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"538\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 223,\n \"height\": 563,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"menghasilkan suatu keputusan baik itu membeli atau tidak dan setelah membeli konsumen akan puas atau tidak. Kotler dan Keller yang di alih bahasakan oleh Sumarwan (2011) menyatakan proses keputusan pembelian terdiri dari lima tahap yaitu; (a) Pengenalan Kebutuhan ( Need Recognition ), proses pembelian dimulai ketika pembeli mengenali masalah atau kebutuhan. Kebutuhan tersebut dapat dicetuskan oleh rangsangan internal atau eksternal. (b) Pencarian Informasi, seorang konsumen yang terangsang akan terdorong untuk mencari informasi yang lebih banyak. Dalam hal ini dapat dibagi kedalam dua level rangsangan. Situasi pencarian informasi yang lebih ringan dinamakan penguatan perhatian. Pada level ini, orang hanya sekedar lebih peka terhadap informasi produk. Pada level selanjutnya, orang itu mungkin mulai aktif untuk mencari informasi: mencari bahan bacaan, menelepon temannya, mengunjungi toko untuk mengetahui detail mengenai produk tertentu. (c) Evaluasi Alternatif, tidak ada proses evaluasi tunggal sederhana yang digunakan oleh semua konsumen atau oleh satu konsumen dalam semua situasi pembelian.). (d) Keputusan Membeli. Pada tahap keputusan membeli, konsumen akan melakukan evaluasi membentuk preferensi terhadap merek-merek yang terdapat pada perangkat pilihan. (e) Perilaku Pasca Pembelian. Pembelian Tugas pemasar tidak berakhir saat produk dibeli oleh konsumen, melainkan berlanjut hingga periode pasca pembelian. Setelah pembelian produk terjadi, konsumen akan mengalami suatu tingkat kepuasan atau ketidakpuasan. Kepuasan atau ketidakpuasan konsumen terhadap produk akan mempengaruhi tingkah laku konsumen berikutnya\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 654,\n \"width\": 223,\n \"height\": 121,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Terdapat dua keterlibatan konsumen dalam pembuatan keputusan pembelian menurut Peter dan Olson (2013), meliputi : (a) Keterlibatan situasional hanya terjadi seketika pada situasi tertentu dan bersifat temporer. (b) Keterlibatan tahan lama berlangsung lebih lama dan bersifat permanen. Seorang konsumen membeli barang dengan keterlibatan yang permanen\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 38,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"karena menganggap bahwa jika tidak membeli produk tersebut akan merusak konsep dirinya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 129,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 163,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Menurut Sutisna dan Sunyoto (2013), ada tiga hal penting dari memahami model keputusan pembelian konsumen yaitu: (a) Dengan adanya model, pandangan terhadap perilaku konsumen bisa dilihat dalam perspektif yang terintegrasi. (b) Model keputusan pembelian konsumen dapat dijadikan dasar untuk pengembangan strategi pemasaran yang efektif. (c) Model keputusan pembelian konsumen dapat dijadikan dasar untuk segmentasi dan positioning.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 295,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 273,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Kotler dan Amstrong (2012) dalam Priansa (2018), dimensi keputusan pembelian terdiri dari: (a) Pilihan Produk. Konsumen dapat mengambil keputusan untuk membeli sebuah produk atau menggunakan uangnya untuk tujuan yang lain. (b) Pilihan Merek. Konsumen harus memutuskan merek mana yang akan dibelinya. (c) Pilihan Saluran Pembelian. Konsumen mengambil keputusan tentang penyalur mana yang akan dikunjungi. (d) Waktu Pembelian. Keputusan konsumen dalam pemilihan waktu pembelian bisa berbeda, misalnya: ada yang membeli setiap hari, satu minggu sekali, dua minggu sekali, tiga minggu sekali, satu bulan sekali dan sebagainya. (e) Jumlah Pembelian. Konsumen dapat mengambil keputusan tentang seberapa banyak produk yang akan dibelinya pada suatu saat.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 571,\n \"width\": 219,\n \"height\": 149,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Menurut Sciffman dan Kanuk (2010), persepsi risiko adalah dampak yang dapat dirasakan ketika seseorang tidak dapat memperkirakan keputusan yang telah diambil. Menurut Olglethorpe (1994) mendefinisikan persepsi risiko adalah sebagai persepsi konsumen mengenai ketidakpastian dan konsekuensi- konsekuensi negatif yang mungkin diterima atas pembelian suatu produk atau jasa (Mulyana 2016)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 723,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Risiko melakukan transaksi online meliputi pada finansial, kinerja atau tampilan, sosial, psikologi, fisik dan risiko temporer (Karami & Wismiarsi, 2016)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 507,\n \"top\": 52,\n \"width\": 21,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"539\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 223,\n \"height\": 121,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Namun dalam praktiknya tidak seluruh risiko tersebut mampu dipersepsikan atau dipertimbangkan oleh konsumen. Hal ini tentunya sesuai dengan pengalaman, pengetahuan, wawasan dan kemampuan konsumen. Indikator persepsi risiko adalah sebagai berikut (Yunita dkk, 2019): (1). Risiko Produk (2). Risiko transaksi (3). Risiko psikologi.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 212,\n \"width\": 223,\n \"height\": 135,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Pada konteks transaksi secara nline, suatu reputasi yang cemerlang bisa dilakukan dengan cara memberikan tanggapan atau respon yang ramah dan cepat, pengiriman barang dengan tepat waktu, sesuai dengan permintaan pelanggan dan juga kemudahan untuk mengaksesnya (Adi, 2013). Pelayanan atau sevice yang maksimal dapat mengurangi kekhawatiran para calon konsumen terkait transaksi online.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 350,\n \"width\": 223,\n \"height\": 122,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Dalam membangun kepercayaan konsumen memberikan jaminan keamanan adalah salah satu hal yang harus diperhatikan oleh penjual karena merupakan hal yang sangat penting, sehingga konsumen merasa data yang diberikan akan selalu aman dan tidak akan dapat digunakan oleh pihak yang salah dan dapat merugikan konsumen. Indikator keamanan\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 461,\n \"width\": 223,\n \"height\": 38,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Keamanan dapat dikatakan sebagai kemampuan toko dalam menjaga keamanan atas\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 488,\n \"width\": 222,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"segala transaksi.Indikator\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 502,\n \"width\": 223,\n \"height\": 80,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Keamanan menurut Raman Arasu dan Viswanathan A. (2011) adalah: (1). Tidak menyalahgunakan data pribadi konsumen. (2). Memberikan penjagaan dan merahasiakan data diri konsumen dari pihak\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 239,\n \"top\": 571,\n \"width\": 55,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"hacker.(3).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 585,\n \"width\": 222,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Memberikan keyakinan akan jaminan keamanan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 626,\n \"width\": 56,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"METODE\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 640,\n \"width\": 223,\n \"height\": 135,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Penelitian dilakukan di Pekanbaru, dengan cara menyebarkan angket penelitian terhadap konsumen yang melakukan pembelian di Tiktok. Populasi yang digunakan adalah konsumen yang telah melakukan pembelian di Tiktok, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 108 responden. Teknik analisa data dengan bantuan SPSS Versi 23. Uji yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari uji validitas, dengan\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 121,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"meggunakan metode Corrected item total correlation, uji reliabilitas,dengan membandingkan nilai Cronbach’s Alpha yang didapat dengan nilai Cronbach’s Alpha yang diambil sebagai acuan, yaitu sebesar 0,7. Selain itu ditentukan juga persamaan regresi linear berganda, uji t, dengan ketentuan t hitung> t tabel dan uji F, dengan kriteria F hitung>F tabel.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 226,\n \"width\": 43,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"HASIL\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 240,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 232,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Dari hasil penyebaran angket sebanyak 108 rsponden, maka didapatlah hasil untuk karakteristik responden menunjukkan bahwa jumlah responden yang terbanyak melakukan pembelian di Tiktok adalah perempuan dengan jumlah 70 orang dengan persentasi 64,8. Usia responden yang melakukan pembelian di Tiktok terbanyak berada pada usia 17-25 tahun dengan jumlah 95 orang dengan persentase 88,0. Responden telah melakukan pembelian terbanyak yaitu lebih dari 6 kali dengan jumlah 63 orang dengan persentase 58,3. Jenis barang yang dibeli terbanyak di Tiktok oleh responden adalah Fashion dengan jumlah 81 orang dengan persentasi 75,0.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 488,\n \"width\": 189,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Persamaan regresi Linear Berganda\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 502,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Hasil persamaan regresi linear berganda dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 530,\n \"width\": 179,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 12. Regresi Linier berganda\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 328,\n \"top\": 543,\n \"width\": 195,\n \"height\": 44,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Model Unstandardize d Coefficients Standardiz ed Coefficien ts t Sig.\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 383,\n \"top\": 590,\n \"width\": 82,\n \"height\": 20,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"B Std. Error Beta\",\n \"type\": \"Picture\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 314,\n \"top\": 613,\n \"width\": 210,\n \"height\": 80,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"1 (Constant) -1.750 1.348 - 1.298 .197 Persepsi Resiko x1 -.019 .115 -.016 -.164 .870 Reputasi x2 .800 .123 .613 6.518 .000 Keamanan x3 .387 .122 .251 3.187 .002\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 710,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 66,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan tabel di atas, maka didapat persamaan regresi linier berganda yaitu Y=-1,750-,019X1+0,800X2+0,387X3 Hal ini berarti\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 52,\n \"width\": 21,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"540\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 223,\n \"height\": 66,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"a= -1,750 merupakan konstanta, hal ini menunjukkan ketika persepsi resiko (X1), reputasi (X2) dan keamanan (X3) dianggap nol, maka keputusan pembelian bernilai -1,750\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 157,\n \"width\": 225,\n \"height\": 80,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"b1= koefisien regresi persepsi resiko (X1) sebesar -0,019, mengalami peningkatan satu satuan sementara reputasi (X2) dan keamanan (X3) dianggap konstan/nol, maka keputusan pembelian mengalami penurunan sebesar 0,019\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 240,\n \"width\": 223,\n \"height\": 163,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"b2= koefisien regresi reputasi (X1) sebesar 0,800, mengalami peningkatan satu satuan sementara persepsi resiko (X1) dan keamanan (X3) dianggap konstan/nol, maka keputusan pembelian mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0,800 b3= koefisien regresi keamanan (X3) sebesar 0,387, mengalami peningkatan satu satuan sementara persepsi resiko (X1) dan reputasi (X2) dianggap konstan/nol, maka keputusan pembelian mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0,387.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 419,\n \"width\": 26,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Uji t\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 433,\n \"width\": 223,\n \"height\": 273,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Uji t digunakan untuk melihat pengaruh masing-masing variabel X yang terdir dari persepsi resiko (x1), reputasi (x2) dan keamanan (x3) terhadap variabel Y yaitu keputusan pembelian. T tabel diperoleh dengan cara Df=N-K-1=108-3-1=104 dengan taraf signifikan sebesar 0,05. Sehingga diperoleh t tabel sebesar 1.98304. Nilai t hitung untuk masing-masing variabel persepsi resiko (X1) yaitu -0,164 < t tabel (1.98304) dengan sig > 0,05, maka persepsi resiko tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian, reputasi (X2) yaitu 6,518> t tabel (1.98304) dengan sig < 0,5 maka reputasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kep utusan pembelian, serta keamanan (X3) yaitu 3,187 > t tabel (1.98304) dengan sig< 0,05 maka keamanan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 723,\n \"width\": 29,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Uji F\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 736,\n \"width\": 223,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Uji F digunakan untuk melihat pengaruh secara simultan variabel X yang terdiri dari persepsi resiko, reputasi dan\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 219,\n \"height\": 121,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"keamanan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Penentuan F tabel dilakukan dengan cara Df1 =K-1=3-1=2. Df2=N-K=108-4=104, sehingga didapat F tabel sebesar 2,69. Nilai F hitung untuk uji simultan adalah50,287 > F tabel ( 2.69) dengan sig <0,05. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa persepsi resiko, reputasi dan keamanan berpengaruh secara simultan terhdap keputusan pembelian.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 226,\n \"width\": 88,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"PEMBAHASAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 240,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 38,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Pengaruh Persepsi Resiko terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 281,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 232,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai t hitung persepsi resiko yaitu sebesar -0,164, sedangkan t tabel sebesar 1.98304 dan sig 0.870 > 0,05. Sehingga persepsi resiko tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru. Hal ini tidak sejalan dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Haryani (2019) yang mengatakan bahwa persepsi resiko berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian secara online di Tanjung Pinang. Begitu juga dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Yunita dkk (2019) yaitu persepsi risiko memiliki pengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian pada komunitas buka lapak Ponorogo.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 530,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Pengaruh Reputasi terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 557,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 204,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai t hitung reputasi yaitu sebesar 6,518, sedangkan t tabel sebesar 1.98304 dan sig 0.00 < 0,05. Sehingga reputasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru. Hal ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Tjakraatmaja dan Harjanti (2018) yang mengatakan bahwa reputasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian secara online pada produk kosmetik di Instagram Begitu juga dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Aziz dan Tiarawati (2021) yaitu reputasi penjual\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 507,\n \"top\": 52,\n \"width\": 21,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"541\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 222,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"memiliki pengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 129,\n \"width\": 223,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Pengaruh Keamanan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 107,\n \"top\": 157,\n \"width\": 186,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan hasil penelitian\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 171,\n \"width\": 223,\n \"height\": 232,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"diperoleh nilai t hitung keamanan yaitu sebesar 3,187, sedangkan t tabel sebesar 1.98304 sehingga t hitung > t tabel. Begitu juga dengan nilai sig 0,02 < 0,05. Sehingga keamanan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru. Hal ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Yunita dkk (2019) yaitu keamanan memiliki pengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap keputusan pembelian pada komunitas Buka lapak Ponorogo. Ha ini sejalan juga dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Puanda dan Rahmidani, 2021.yang mengatakan bahwa keputusan pembelian online melalui aplikasi Shopee dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh variabel keamanan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 419,\n \"width\": 222,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Pengaruh Persepsi Resiko, Reputasi dan Keamanan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 107,\n \"top\": 461,\n \"width\": 63,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 461,\n \"width\": 223,\n \"height\": 162,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai F hitung yaitu sebesar 50,287, sedangkan F tabel sebesar 2,69 dan sig 0.00 < 0,05. Sehingga persepsi resiko, reputasi dan keamanan secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru.hal ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Yunita dkk (2019) yaitu terdapat pengaruh persepsi risiko, kepercayaan dan keamanan terhadap keputusan pembelian online di Buka lapak. Ponorogo.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 640,\n \"width\": 70,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"SIMPULAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 654,\n \"width\": 222,\n \"height\": 38,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan tujuan penelitian yang ingin dicapai, maka dapat diambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 695,\n \"width\": 223,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"1. Persepsi resiko berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 736,\n \"width\": 223,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"2. Reputasi berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"3. Keamanan berpengaruh terhadap\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 330,\n \"top\": 102,\n \"width\": 197,\n \"height\": 24,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"keputusan pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 129,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"4. Persepsi resiko, reputasi dan keamanan berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 185,\n \"width\": 115,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"DAFTAR RUJUKAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 212,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 80,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Adi, Rifki dan Widiyanto. 2013. Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian dengan sistem pre order secara online (Studi kasus pada online shop Chopper Jersey).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 307,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 108,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Aziz dan Tiarawati. (2021). Pengaruh Reputasi Penjual, Kepercayaan dan Kemudahan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Online Second Hand (Studi pada Pengguna Aplikasi OLX) . Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sains Indonesia (JRMSI). Volume 12 No 1\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 429,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 53,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Haryani, Dwi Septi.2019. Pengaruh persepsi risiko terhadap keputusan pembelian online di tanjungpinang . DIMENSI, VOL.\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 355,\n \"top\": 485,\n \"width\": 173,\n \"height\": 24,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"8, NO. 2 : 198-209 JULI 2019 ISSN: 2085-9996\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 524,\n \"width\": 209,\n \"height\": 53,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"https://www.kompasiana.com/bayu1127/63 4183bfc1cb8a575a57c522/perkem bangan-tiktok-sebagai-sarana- digital-marketing-di-indonesia.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 591,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Kanuk, L. G. (2010). Consumer behavior (10th ed). usa: prentica hall international .inc.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 645,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 80,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Karami, K., & Wismiarsi, T. (2016). Pengaruh risiko pada keputusan belanja online . Prosiding Seminar Nasional INDOCOMPAC (pp. 320- 333). Jakarta: Universitas Bakrie.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 739,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Mulyana. (2016). Pengaruh kepercayaan, persepsi risiko dan keamanan terhadap minat beli konsumen\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 52,\n \"width\": 21,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"542\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 113,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 181,\n \"height\": 38,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"pada toko online (studi pada toko online OLX.co.id) .Skripsi Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 141,\n \"width\": 223,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Nurmansyah, (2018), Pengantar Manajemen Pemasaran, Unilak Press, Jakarta\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 181,\n \"width\": 223,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Peter , J Paul and Jerry C Olson . 2013 .\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 113,\n \"top\": 195,\n \"width\": 180,\n \"height\": 24,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Perilaku Konsumen dan Strategi. Pemasaran. Jakarta: Erlangga\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 234,\n \"width\": 222,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Priansa, Donni Juni. (2017). Perilaku\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 113,\n \"top\": 248,\n \"width\": 180,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Konsumen Dalam Persaingan Bisnis\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 113,\n \"top\": 262,\n \"width\": 167,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Kontemporer . Bandung : Alfabeta\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 288,\n \"width\": 222,\n \"height\": 24,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Puanda, Firman,dan Rahmidani, Rose. 2021. Pengaruh Kepercayaan dan\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 113,\n \"top\": 315,\n \"width\": 180,\n \"height\": 67,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Keamanan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Online Melalui Aplikasi Shopee . Vol. 4 .No.3, 2021.http://ejournal.unp.ac.id/studen ts/index.php/pek/index\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 396,\n \"width\": 222,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Raman arasu dan viswanathan a. (2011).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 113,\n \"top\": 410,\n \"width\": 180,\n \"height\": 53,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Pengaruh faktor keamanan, pengetahuan TI, kualitas layanan dan persepri risiko terhadap keputusan pembelian melalui situs\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 113,\n \"top\": 465,\n \"width\": 72,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"jejaring sosia l\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 491,\n \"width\": 222,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Salsabila, Hana Zahra, Susanto, Hutami,\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 113,\n \"top\": 505,\n \"width\": 181,\n \"height\": 66,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Lusia Tria Hatmanti .2021. Pengaruh Persepsi Risiko, Manfaat Dan Kemudahan Penggunaan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Online Pada Aplikasi\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 113,\n \"top\": 574,\n \"width\": 180,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Shopee . JIMKES Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan Vol. 9 No. 1, 2021 pp. 87-96 IBI Kesatuan ISSN 2337 – 7860 E-ISSN 2721 – 169X\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 641,\n \"width\": 223,\n \"height\": 80,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Selviana, Yesy, Istiyanto Budi. 2021 Pengaruh Variabel Reputasi, Keamanan, dan Kemudahan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Msyarakat Solo di Shopee . Mabha Jurnal. Volume 2 No 2.\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 71,\n \"top\": 736,\n \"width\": 222,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Sugiyono.2016. Metode penelitian\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 113,\n \"top\": 750,\n \"width\": 181,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"kuantitatif, kualitatif dan R&D .\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 113,\n \"top\": 763,\n \"width\": 91,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Bandung:Alfabeta\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Sutisna, Sunyoto. (2013). Perilaku Konsumen dan Komunikasi Pemasaran . Jakarta: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 155,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Tjakraatmadja, Albertina Tri Netta dan\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 355,\n \"top\": 169,\n \"width\": 173,\n \"height\": 66,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Harjanti, Dhyah.2018. Pengaruh reputasi dan kepercayaan terhadap keputusan pembelian secara online pada produk kosmetik di instagram . AGORA\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 355,\n \"top\": 238,\n \"width\": 98,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Vol. 7 No. 1, (2018)\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 264,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Yunita, Sumarsono dan Farida. 2019.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 355,\n \"top\": 277,\n \"width\": 173,\n \"height\": 108,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Pengaruh Persepsi Resiko, Kepercayaan, dan Keamanan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Onlne di Buka Lapak (Studi Kasus Pada Komunitas Buka Lapak Ponorogo). Isoquant: Jurnal Ekonokmi, Manajemen & Akuntansi. Vol 3 No 1.\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n }\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":1493,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"string","value":"e2e691ab-a9b4-9bb2-e66c-1a81a8ce14ff"},"url":{"kind":"string","value":"https://jurnalekonomi.unisla.ac.id/index.php/jpensi/article/download/1492/924"},"data":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"left":301,"top":27,"width":269,"height":48,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Penelitian Ekonomi dan Akuntansi (JPENSI ) http://jurnalekonomi.unisla.ac.id/index.php/jpensi e-ISSN 2621-3168 p-ISSN 2502 – 3764","type":"Page header"},{"left":114,"top":781,"width":150,"height":13,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Volume 8 No.1, February 2023","type":"Page footer"},{"left":462,"top":781,"width":13,"height":13,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"95","type":"Page footer"},{"left":117,"top":96,"width":393,"height":35,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Analysis Of Village Revenue And Allocation Of Village Funds To Village Expenses","type":"Section header"},{"left":116,"top":148,"width":392,"height":17,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Wanda Nur Fauziah 1 , Fidyah Arini Kusuma Wardhani 2 , Datuk Maralelo S. 3","type":"Text"},{"left":166,"top":166,"width":296,"height":30,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1 Jurusan Akuntansi , Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Gempol, wandanurfauziah@gmail.com","type":"Text"},{"left":166,"top":197,"width":296,"height":31,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2 Jurusan Akuntansi , Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Gempol, fidyaharini2.stieg@gmail.com","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":229,"width":404,"height":268,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3 2 Jurusan Akuntansi , Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Gempol, Datukmaralelosiregar.stieg@gmail.com Article Info Abstract Received February 2, 2023 Revised February 6, 2023 Published February 15, 2023 This study aims to determine the effect of village original income and village fund allocations on village expenditures for the 2019 to 2021 fiscal years. The independent variables in this study are Village Original Income (PAD) and Village Fund Allocation (ADD), while the dependent variable in this study is Expenditure. Village. The data analysis technique is descriptive quantitative which uses descriptive statistical analysis and the analytical method in this observation uses the correlation coefficient analysis and determination coefficient analysis. It can therefore be concluded that the initial income of the village and the allocation of village funds have a significant effect on village expenditure. effect on village expenditure","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":388,"width":54,"height":15,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Keywords :","type":"Text"},{"left":118,"top":409,"width":140,"height":15,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Village Original Income,","type":"Section header"},{"left":118,"top":422,"width":132,"height":28,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Village Fund Allocation and village shopping","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":504,"width":99,"height":17,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"INTRODUCTION","type":"Section header"},{"left":114,"top":529,"width":404,"height":140,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Village government is the implementation of government affairs and community interests in the system of interests of the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia. Management of government operation is currently managed or implemented by the village government. The village government consists of a village head or another term who is assisted by village officials. Village officials are appointed by the village head and are tasked with assisting the running of village administration (Aji, 2019)","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":674,"width":400,"height":78,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"About Villages, Village finances are all Village rights and obligations that can be valued in money and everything in the form of money and goods related to the implementation of Village rights and obligations. Meanwhile, Village Assets are Village-owned goods originating from the Village's original wealth, purchased","type":"Text"},{"left":137,"top":27,"width":295,"height":13,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Wanda Nur Fauziah, Fidyah Arini Kusuma Wardhani, Datuk Maralelo S","type":"Page header"},{"left":92,"top":783,"width":15,"height":13,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"96","type":"Page footer"},{"left":357,"top":783,"width":147,"height":13,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Volume 8 No.1, February 2023","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":71,"width":403,"height":57,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"or obtained at the expense of the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget or the acquisition of other legal rights, According to Law no. 6 of 2014 Article 1 Paragraph 11 Concerning Villages.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":133,"width":406,"height":202,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"The purpose of providing village funds is to increase the service capacity of the masses, reduce poverty, increase economic progress, overcome infrastructural differences between villages, enhance residents' potential as village infrastructure topics, to encourage efforts to increase self-help and mutual cooperation. The management of village finances must also be truly efficient in the use of the original village income budget, allocation of village funds and village expenditures. This can be tested from the difference between the Original Village Revenue Budget, Village Fund Allocation and Village Expenses between budget and actual. Thus the village can achieve effective and efficient financial management.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":340,"width":405,"height":79,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Based on this background, the authors are interested in conducting an in- depth study to describe “ Analysis Of Original Village Revenue And Allocation Of Village Funds For Village Expenditure In Carat Village, Gempol District ”.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":436,"width":64,"height":17,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"METHODS","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":457,"width":403,"height":120,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"The object of this research is the report of the realization of the APBes (Budget of income and expenditure of the village) in the village of Carat, district of Gempol, namely the period of 2019, 2020 and 2021. The data of the report of achievement were obtained on the basis of the financial reports of the village. application media, namely SISKEUDES (Village Financial System). then the search framework can be depicted in the diagram below","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":695,"width":401,"height":57,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"This data collection technique was carried out using 3 techniques, namely the observation technique where the researcher made direct observations in the field by looking at the data provided to those who regulate the finances of the","type":"Text"},{"left":124,"top":592,"width":327,"height":77,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Village Original Income (X1) Allocation of Village Funds (X2) Village Expenditures (Y)","type":"Picture"},{"left":166,"top":27,"width":293,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Wanda Nur Fauziah, Fidyah Arini Kusuma Wardhani, Datuk Maralelo S","type":"Page header"},{"left":114,"top":793,"width":150,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Volume 8 No.1, February 2023","type":"Page footer"},{"left":462,"top":793,"width":13,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"97","type":"Page footer"},{"left":114,"top":71,"width":402,"height":119,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"village and observing how the budget of the village fund. Then, the interview technique was carried out by asking questions to the informants, as parties related to the financial management in Carat Village. And finally the documentation technique in the form of data from the original village income achievement report, village fund allocation achievement reports and village expenditure from 2019 to 2021..","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":195,"width":403,"height":119,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"The method of analysis in this observation uses a method of quantitative analysis in which this research will describe an object or a phenomenon in accordance with the reality that exists and this research uses the figures of the reports on the realization of village incomes and allocations of village funds as well as reports the realization of village expenditures in the village of Carat which is carried out using the SPSS application program as a tool to test the data.","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":319,"width":403,"height":78,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Correlation coefficient analysis to determine the effect of village source income and village fund allocation on village expenditure and determination coefficient analysis to determine the extent to which village source income and allocation of village funds are able to cover village expenses.","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":416,"width":163,"height":17,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"RESULTS AND DISCUSSION","type":"Section header"},{"left":114,"top":440,"width":401,"height":37,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Data on the initial village income, allocation of village funds and village expenditures can be viewed in detail in the table below:","type":"Text"},{"left":129,"top":487,"width":377,"height":66,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"year Village Original Income Allocation of Village Funds Village Expenditures 2019 Rp. 1.691.292.000,- Rp. 457.038.000,- Rp. 1.691.292.000,- 2020 Rp. 1.695.342.347,- Rp. 457.038.000,- Rp. 1.695.780.373,- 2021 Rp. 1.750.532.356,- Rp. 415.334.024,- Rp. 1.755.683.912,-","type":"Table"},{"left":114,"top":569,"width":400,"height":91,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"From the data of the number of realizations in the table above, it can be seen that the amount of the village's original income and the allocation of village funds are not too far from the amount of the realization of the expenditure of the village, so in this case, of course, the original amount of the village income and the allocation of village funds will affect the village expenditure or vice versa.","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":664,"width":401,"height":91,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"The original village income variable has a minimum value of 1691, a maximum value of 1750, a mean value of 1712, and a standard deviation value of 32.97. For the village fund allocation variable, it has a minimum value of 415, a maximum value of 457, a mean value of 443, and a standard deviation value of 24.24. Meanwhile, the village expenditure variable has a minimum value of 1691, a maximum value of 1756, a mean","type":"Text"},{"left":137,"top":27,"width":295,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Wanda Nur Fauziah, Fidyah Arini Kusuma Wardhani, Datuk Maralelo S","type":"Page header"},{"left":92,"top":783,"width":15,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"98","type":"Page footer"},{"left":357,"top":783,"width":147,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Volume 8 No.1, February 2023","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":71,"width":245,"height":15,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"value of 1714, and a standard deviation value of 36.17.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":90,"width":404,"height":129,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"The original income of the village has a significant relationship with the expenditure of the village. The positive value of the Pearson correlation indicates that the higher the original income of the village, the more the expenses of the village will increase. The negative value of the Pearson correlation indicates that the greater the allocation of village funds, the more village expenditures will decrease. This means that 100% of village income and village fund allocations are able to meet village expenses without having to require balancing funds from the government.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":226,"width":84,"height":17,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"CONCLUSION","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":251,"width":402,"height":78,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"The original village income has a significant effect on village expenditure. This can be proven from the results of the correlation coefficient test with a positive Pearson's correlation value indicating that the higher the village's initial income, the higher the village's expenditure will increase.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":338,"width":405,"height":78,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"The allocation of village funds has a significant effect on village expenditures. This can be proven from the results of the correlation coefficient test with a negative Pearson correlation value indicating that the larger the village fund allocation, the more the village expenditure will decrease.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":433,"width":84,"height":17,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"REFERENCES","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":453,"width":400,"height":49,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"A., Morissan M. dkk. 2017. Metode Penelitian Survei. Jakarta: Kencana Aji, purwo irawan. 2019. Panduan Perpajakan Dalam Belanja Desa. Yogyakarta: Deepublish.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":506,"width":403,"height":44,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Amnan, Annisa Riski dan Hardiani Herman Sjahruddin 2019. “Pengaruh Alokasi Dana Desa dan Pendapatan Asli Desa Terhadap Belanja Desa”. Jurnal Organisasi dan Manajemen , Agustus 2019.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":553,"width":405,"height":44,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Aprisilia Ristia Kaeng. 2015. Analisis Pendapatan Asli Daerah Untuk Belanja Daerah Pada Pemerintah Kota Tomohon. Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":601,"width":405,"height":71,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Arifatun, Nur Amelia, dan Rohmad Yuliantoro C. W., S.E., M.Se. 2018. “Pengaruh Pendapatan Asli Desa (PADesa), Sana Desa (DD). Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD), Dan Bagi Hasil Pajak Dan Retribusi (BHPR), Terhadap Alokasi Belanja Desa Bidang Kesehatan Tahun 2018 (Studi Pada Desa- Desa di Kabupaten Klaten)”. Naskah Publikasi. Universitas Ahmad Dahlan.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":676,"width":400,"height":30,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Artikel Dinas Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Desa, 2018, [Online] Didapatkan < https://m5.gs/SVdIdT [15> Februari 2018]","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":709,"width":100,"height":16,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Di akses, Juni 2022","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":729,"width":400,"height":30,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Bambang Trisantoro Soemantri. 2011. Pedoman Penyelenggaraan Pemerintah Desa . Bandung: Fokusmedia.","type":"Text"},{"left":166,"top":27,"width":293,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Wanda Nur Fauziah, Fidyah Arini Kusuma Wardhani, Datuk Maralelo S","type":"Page header"},{"left":114,"top":793,"width":150,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Volume 8 No.1, February 2023","type":"Page footer"},{"left":462,"top":793,"width":13,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"99","type":"Page footer"},{"left":114,"top":71,"width":400,"height":85,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dasuki, Tirto Marta Sugema. 2020. “Pengaruh Pendapatan Asli Desa dan Aokasi Dana Desa Terhadap Belanja Desa di Kab. Majalengka”. Jurnal Akuntansi Keuangan dan Sistem Informasi (/JAKSI), Vol. 1 No. 2, Agustus-Februari Tahun 2020. ISSN : 2721-060X. Universitas Majalengka, Majalengka. https://docplayer.info/230217454-Pengaruh-pendapatan-asli-desa-dan- alokasi-dana-desa-terhadap-belanja-desa-di-kab-majalengka.html","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":160,"width":97,"height":16,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Di akses, Juni 2022","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":179,"width":403,"height":72,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dewi, Ratna Sari, Ova Novi Irama, 2018. “Pengaruh Pendapatan Desa dan Alokasi Dana Desa Terhadap Belanja Desa dan Kemiskinan”. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Multi Paradigma (JRAM). Vol. 5 No. 2, September. Tahun 2018. ISSN 2339-0492. Universitas Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah. https://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/JRAM/issue/download/96/53","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":254,"width":111,"height":16,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Di akses, Juni 2022","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":274,"width":400,"height":71,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Ema Tietien Chrystiana. 2017. Pengaruh Penyajian Laporan Pertanggungjawaban dan Aksesibilitas Terhadap Transparansi dan Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD) di Desa Winoranggan, Kecamatan Gatak, Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Skripsi Akuntansi Syariah Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam Institut Agama Islam Negeri Surakarta.","type":"List item"},{"left":114,"top":349,"width":350,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"http://eprints.iain- surakarta.ac.id/833/1/Skripsi%20Ema%20Full%20Rev%20Biro.pdf ,","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":367,"width":151,"height":16,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Diakses pada 11 Oktober 2022","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":386,"width":405,"height":72,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Fatmaningsih, Lusiana dan Pardi. 2021. “Analisis Belanja Desa Terhadap Pendapatan Alokasi Dana Desa Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi Kecamatan Gondangrejo, Kabupaten Karanganyar)”. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Pajak (JAP). Vol. 1 No. 22. Tahun 2021. ISSN 1412-629X. Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Surakarta.","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":462,"width":235,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"https://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/jap/article/view/2160","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":479,"width":400,"height":63,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Di akses, Juni 2022 Formasi. 2017. Sumber Keuangan Desa . Artikel Internet Formasi Membangun Negara dan Desa. https://www.formasi.org/2017/05/09/sumber-keuangan- desa/ ,","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":546,"width":151,"height":16,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Diakses pada 11 Oktober 2022","type":"List item"},{"left":114,"top":566,"width":400,"height":30,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Ghozali. Imam. 2018. Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program IBM SPSS 25. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro: Semarang","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":600,"width":400,"height":29,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"H.A.W Widjaja. 2010. Otonomi Desa: Otonomi yang asli, bulat, dan utuh. Depok. Rajawali.","type":"List item"},{"left":114,"top":633,"width":402,"height":30,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Hanif Nurcholis, 2011. Pertumbuhan dan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan desa. Jakarta : penerbit ERLANGGA","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":667,"width":409,"height":57,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Hidayah, Nur Kholifatul, Drs, Supriadi, Msi, dan Toto Heru Dwihandoko. SE., MM., AK., CA. 2018. “Analisis Pendapatan Desa Terhadap Belanja Desa Pada Desa Sambilawang Periode 2015-2017”. Naskah Publikasi. Universitas Islam Majapahit, Mojokerto","type":"Text"},{"left":142,"top":728,"width":164,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"http://repository.unim.ac.id/id/eprint/358","type":"Text"},{"left":142,"top":745,"width":97,"height":16,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Di akses, Juni 2022","type":"Text"},{"left":137,"top":27,"width":295,"height":13,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Wanda Nur Fauziah, Fidyah Arini Kusuma Wardhani, Datuk Maralelo S","type":"Page header"},{"left":92,"top":783,"width":20,"height":13,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"100","type":"Page footer"},{"left":357,"top":783,"width":147,"height":13,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Volume 8 No.1, February 2023","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":71,"width":401,"height":49,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kartohadikusumo, Sutardjo. 1953. Desa. Bandung. Sumur Bandung Mamesa, DJ. (1995). Sistem Akuntansi Keuangan Daerah, Jakarta. PT Gramedia Pustaka.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":124,"width":401,"height":30,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Mamesah, D. J. 1995. Sistem Administrasi Keuangan Daerah, Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":158,"width":400,"height":16,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Martani, Dwi, Dkk. 2016. Akuntansi Keuangan Menengah Berbasis PSAK. Buku","type":"Text"},{"left":113,"top":172,"width":134,"height":16,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2. Jakarta. Salemba Empat.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":191,"width":403,"height":30,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Moelong, Lexy J. 2012. Metodologi Penellitian Kualitatif, Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":225,"width":396,"height":16,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia Nomor 37 Tahun 2007.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":245,"width":191,"height":16,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pedoman Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":265,"width":400,"height":29,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Peraturan Mentri Dalam Negri No. 113 tahun 2014 tentang pengelolaan keuangan desa.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":298,"width":401,"height":30,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Peraturan Mentri Dalam Negri Nomer 113 Tahun 2014 dalam Pasal 1 Ayat (9) Tentang pengelolaan keuangan desa.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":332,"width":401,"height":16,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Peraturan Mentri Dalam Negri Nomer 113 Tahun 2014 dalam Pasal 1 Ayat (10)","type":"Text"},{"left":113,"top":346,"width":183,"height":16,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tentang pengelolaan keuangan desa.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":365,"width":401,"height":30,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Peraturan Mentri Dalam Negri Nomor 113 Tahun 2014 Pasal 9 Ayat (1) tentang Pendapatan Desa.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":399,"width":400,"height":30,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Peraturan Mentri Dalam Negri Nomor 20 Tahun 2018 Tentang Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":433,"width":400,"height":29,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 55 Tahun 2005. Dana Perimbangan.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":466,"width":400,"height":30,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 71 Tahun 2010. Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":500,"width":400,"height":30,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonsesia Nomor 43 Tahun 2014. Peraturan Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Desa.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":533,"width":400,"height":30,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonsesia Nomor 47 Tahun 2015. Perubahan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 43 Tahun 2014.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":567,"width":343,"height":16,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Peraturan Pemerintah No. 72 Tahun 2005 tentang Pemerintahan Desa.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":587,"width":404,"height":30,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Peraturan Pemerintah Nomer 24 Tahun 2005 Tentang Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan (SAP)","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":620,"width":405,"height":44,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Peraturan Pemerintah Nomer 71 Tahun 2010 Tentang Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan (SAP) pada pernyataan Standart Akuntansi Pemerintahan Nomer 2 Tentang laporan realisasi anggaran.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":668,"width":405,"height":43,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Peraturan Pemerintah Nomer 71 Tahun 2010 Tentang Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan (SAP) pada Pernyataan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah Nomor 3 Tentang Laporan Arus Kas.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":717,"width":401,"height":44,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Prihartini Budi Astuti, 2013. Efektivitas dan Pengaruh PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan, Alokasi Dana Desa, Pendapatan Asli Desa, dan Jumlah Penduduk Teradap Jumlah Kepala Keluarga Miskin di Kabupaten","type":"Text"},{"left":166,"top":27,"width":293,"height":13,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Wanda Nur Fauziah, Fidyah Arini Kusuma Wardhani, Datuk Maralelo S","type":"Page header"},{"left":114,"top":793,"width":150,"height":13,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Volume 8 No.1, February 2023","type":"Page footer"},{"left":462,"top":793,"width":18,"height":13,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"101","type":"Page footer"},{"left":142,"top":71,"width":367,"height":30,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kebumen Tahun 2009-2011. Jurnal STIE Putra Bangsa , http://journal.stieputrabangsa.ac.id/index.php/fokbis/article/view/1/1 ,","type":"Table"},{"left":142,"top":98,"width":150,"height":16,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Diakses pada 11 Oktober 2022","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":118,"width":403,"height":64,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"R. Bintarto. 1983. Desa-Kota dan Permasalahannya. Jakarta. Ghalian Indonesia Sudrajat, Ajat. (2014). Nilai-Nilai Budaya Gotong Royong Etnik Betawi Sebagai Sumber Pembelajaran IPS. Disertasi, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.","type":"List item"},{"left":114,"top":185,"width":402,"height":30,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sugiyono, 2015. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung. Alfabet","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":219,"width":402,"height":30,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sugiyono. 2011. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung. Alfabet","type":"List item"},{"left":114,"top":253,"width":400,"height":29,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sugiyono. 2016. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung. PT Alfabet.","type":"List item"},{"left":114,"top":286,"width":402,"height":30,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sugiyono. 2017. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung. Alfabeta, CV.","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":320,"width":400,"height":30,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sugiyono. 2018. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung. PT Alfabet","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":353,"width":403,"height":44,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Suhairi. 2016. “Analisis Pendapatan Desa Terhadap Belanja Desa Pada Desa Kepayang Kecamatan Kepenuhan Hulu. Naskah Publikasi. Universitas Pasir Pengaraian Rokan Hulu.","type":"List item"},{"left":142,"top":401,"width":363,"height":24,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"https://www.neliti.com/id/publications/109538/analisis-pendapatan-desa-terhadap-belanja- desa-pada-desa-kepayang-kecamatan-kepe","type":"Text"},{"left":142,"top":430,"width":97,"height":16,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Di akses, Juni 2022","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":450,"width":401,"height":30,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sumpeno. 2013. Perencanaan Desa Terpadu. Banda Aceh. Reinforcement Action and Development.","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":483,"width":322,"height":16,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Undang-Undang No. 6 Tahun 2014 Pasal 1 Ayat (1) tentang Desa.","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":503,"width":353,"height":16,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Yuliansyah, Rusmianto. 2016. Akuntansi Desa. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.","type":"Text"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"left\": 301,\n \"top\": 27,\n \"width\": 269,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Penelitian Ekonomi dan Akuntansi (JPENSI ) http://jurnalekonomi.unisla.ac.id/index.php/jpensi e-ISSN 2621-3168 p-ISSN 2502 – 3764\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 150,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Volume 8 No.1, February 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 462,\n \"top\": 781,\n \"width\": 13,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"95\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 117,\n \"top\": 96,\n \"width\": 393,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Analysis Of Village Revenue And Allocation Of Village Funds To Village Expenses\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 116,\n \"top\": 148,\n \"width\": 392,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Wanda Nur Fauziah 1 , Fidyah Arini Kusuma Wardhani 2 , Datuk Maralelo S. 3\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 166,\n \"top\": 166,\n \"width\": 296,\n \"height\": 30,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1 Jurusan Akuntansi , Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Gempol, wandanurfauziah@gmail.com\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 166,\n \"top\": 197,\n \"width\": 296,\n \"height\": 31,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2 Jurusan Akuntansi , Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Gempol, fidyaharini2.stieg@gmail.com\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 229,\n \"width\": 404,\n \"height\": 268,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3 2 Jurusan Akuntansi , Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Gempol, Datukmaralelosiregar.stieg@gmail.com Article Info Abstract Received February 2, 2023 Revised February 6, 2023 Published February 15, 2023 This study aims to determine the effect of village original income and village fund allocations on village expenditures for the 2019 to 2021 fiscal years. The independent variables in this study are Village Original Income (PAD) and Village Fund Allocation (ADD), while the dependent variable in this study is Expenditure. Village. The data analysis technique is descriptive quantitative which uses descriptive statistical analysis and the analytical method in this observation uses the correlation coefficient analysis and determination coefficient analysis. It can therefore be concluded that the initial income of the village and the allocation of village funds have a significant effect on village expenditure. effect on village expenditure\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 388,\n \"width\": 54,\n \"height\": 15,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Keywords :\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 118,\n \"top\": 409,\n \"width\": 140,\n \"height\": 15,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Village Original Income,\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 118,\n \"top\": 422,\n \"width\": 132,\n \"height\": 28,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Village Fund Allocation and village shopping\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 504,\n \"width\": 99,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"INTRODUCTION\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 529,\n \"width\": 404,\n \"height\": 140,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Village government is the implementation of government affairs and community interests in the system of interests of the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia. Management of government operation is currently managed or implemented by the village government. The village government consists of a village head or another term who is assisted by village officials. Village officials are appointed by the village head and are tasked with assisting the running of village administration (Aji, 2019)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 674,\n \"width\": 400,\n \"height\": 78,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"About Villages, Village finances are all Village rights and obligations that can be valued in money and everything in the form of money and goods related to the implementation of Village rights and obligations. Meanwhile, Village Assets are Village-owned goods originating from the Village's original wealth, purchased\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 137,\n \"top\": 27,\n \"width\": 295,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Wanda Nur Fauziah, Fidyah Arini Kusuma Wardhani, Datuk Maralelo S\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 92,\n \"top\": 783,\n \"width\": 15,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"96\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 357,\n \"top\": 783,\n \"width\": 147,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Volume 8 No.1, February 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 71,\n \"width\": 403,\n \"height\": 57,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"or obtained at the expense of the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget or the acquisition of other legal rights, According to Law no. 6 of 2014 Article 1 Paragraph 11 Concerning Villages.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 133,\n \"width\": 406,\n \"height\": 202,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"The purpose of providing village funds is to increase the service capacity of the masses, reduce poverty, increase economic progress, overcome infrastructural differences between villages, enhance residents' potential as village infrastructure topics, to encourage efforts to increase self-help and mutual cooperation. The management of village finances must also be truly efficient in the use of the original village income budget, allocation of village funds and village expenditures. This can be tested from the difference between the Original Village Revenue Budget, Village Fund Allocation and Village Expenses between budget and actual. Thus the village can achieve effective and efficient financial management.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 340,\n \"width\": 405,\n \"height\": 79,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Based on this background, the authors are interested in conducting an in- depth study to describe “ Analysis Of Original Village Revenue And Allocation Of Village Funds For Village Expenditure In Carat Village, Gempol District ”.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 436,\n \"width\": 64,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"METHODS\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 457,\n \"width\": 403,\n \"height\": 120,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"The object of this research is the report of the realization of the APBes (Budget of income and expenditure of the village) in the village of Carat, district of Gempol, namely the period of 2019, 2020 and 2021. The data of the report of achievement were obtained on the basis of the financial reports of the village. application media, namely SISKEUDES (Village Financial System). then the search framework can be depicted in the diagram below\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 695,\n \"width\": 401,\n \"height\": 57,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"This data collection technique was carried out using 3 techniques, namely the observation technique where the researcher made direct observations in the field by looking at the data provided to those who regulate the finances of the\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 124,\n \"top\": 592,\n \"width\": 327,\n \"height\": 77,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Village Original Income (X1) Allocation of Village Funds (X2) Village Expenditures (Y)\",\n \"type\": \"Picture\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 166,\n \"top\": 27,\n \"width\": 293,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Wanda Nur Fauziah, Fidyah Arini Kusuma Wardhani, Datuk Maralelo S\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 793,\n \"width\": 150,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Volume 8 No.1, February 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 462,\n \"top\": 793,\n \"width\": 13,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"97\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 71,\n \"width\": 402,\n \"height\": 119,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"village and observing how the budget of the village fund. Then, the interview technique was carried out by asking questions to the informants, as parties related to the financial management in Carat Village. And finally the documentation technique in the form of data from the original village income achievement report, village fund allocation achievement reports and village expenditure from 2019 to 2021..\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 195,\n \"width\": 403,\n \"height\": 119,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"The method of analysis in this observation uses a method of quantitative analysis in which this research will describe an object or a phenomenon in accordance with the reality that exists and this research uses the figures of the reports on the realization of village incomes and allocations of village funds as well as reports the realization of village expenditures in the village of Carat which is carried out using the SPSS application program as a tool to test the data.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 319,\n \"width\": 403,\n \"height\": 78,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Correlation coefficient analysis to determine the effect of village source income and village fund allocation on village expenditure and determination coefficient analysis to determine the extent to which village source income and allocation of village funds are able to cover village expenses.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 416,\n \"width\": 163,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"RESULTS AND DISCUSSION\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 440,\n \"width\": 401,\n \"height\": 37,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Data on the initial village income, allocation of village funds and village expenditures can be viewed in detail in the table below:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 129,\n \"top\": 487,\n \"width\": 377,\n \"height\": 66,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"year Village Original Income Allocation of Village Funds Village Expenditures 2019 Rp. 1.691.292.000,- Rp. 457.038.000,- Rp. 1.691.292.000,- 2020 Rp. 1.695.342.347,- Rp. 457.038.000,- Rp. 1.695.780.373,- 2021 Rp. 1.750.532.356,- Rp. 415.334.024,- Rp. 1.755.683.912,-\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 569,\n \"width\": 400,\n \"height\": 91,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"From the data of the number of realizations in the table above, it can be seen that the amount of the village's original income and the allocation of village funds are not too far from the amount of the realization of the expenditure of the village, so in this case, of course, the original amount of the village income and the allocation of village funds will affect the village expenditure or vice versa.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 664,\n \"width\": 401,\n \"height\": 91,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"The original village income variable has a minimum value of 1691, a maximum value of 1750, a mean value of 1712, and a standard deviation value of 32.97. For the village fund allocation variable, it has a minimum value of 415, a maximum value of 457, a mean value of 443, and a standard deviation value of 24.24. Meanwhile, the village expenditure variable has a minimum value of 1691, a maximum value of 1756, a mean\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 137,\n \"top\": 27,\n \"width\": 295,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Wanda Nur Fauziah, Fidyah Arini Kusuma Wardhani, Datuk Maralelo S\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 92,\n \"top\": 783,\n \"width\": 15,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"98\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 357,\n \"top\": 783,\n \"width\": 147,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Volume 8 No.1, February 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 71,\n \"width\": 245,\n \"height\": 15,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"value of 1714, and a standard deviation value of 36.17.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 90,\n \"width\": 404,\n \"height\": 129,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"The original income of the village has a significant relationship with the expenditure of the village. The positive value of the Pearson correlation indicates that the higher the original income of the village, the more the expenses of the village will increase. The negative value of the Pearson correlation indicates that the greater the allocation of village funds, the more village expenditures will decrease. This means that 100% of village income and village fund allocations are able to meet village expenses without having to require balancing funds from the government.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 226,\n \"width\": 84,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"CONCLUSION\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 251,\n \"width\": 402,\n \"height\": 78,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"The original village income has a significant effect on village expenditure. This can be proven from the results of the correlation coefficient test with a positive Pearson's correlation value indicating that the higher the village's initial income, the higher the village's expenditure will increase.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 338,\n \"width\": 405,\n \"height\": 78,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"The allocation of village funds has a significant effect on village expenditures. This can be proven from the results of the correlation coefficient test with a negative Pearson correlation value indicating that the larger the village fund allocation, the more the village expenditure will decrease.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 433,\n \"width\": 84,\n \"height\": 17,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"REFERENCES\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 453,\n \"width\": 400,\n \"height\": 49,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"A., Morissan M. dkk. 2017. Metode Penelitian Survei. Jakarta: Kencana Aji, purwo irawan. 2019. Panduan Perpajakan Dalam Belanja Desa. Yogyakarta: Deepublish.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 506,\n \"width\": 403,\n \"height\": 44,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Amnan, Annisa Riski dan Hardiani Herman Sjahruddin 2019. “Pengaruh Alokasi Dana Desa dan Pendapatan Asli Desa Terhadap Belanja Desa”. Jurnal Organisasi dan Manajemen , Agustus 2019.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 553,\n \"width\": 405,\n \"height\": 44,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Aprisilia Ristia Kaeng. 2015. Analisis Pendapatan Asli Daerah Untuk Belanja Daerah Pada Pemerintah Kota Tomohon. Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 601,\n \"width\": 405,\n \"height\": 71,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Arifatun, Nur Amelia, dan Rohmad Yuliantoro C. W., S.E., M.Se. 2018. “Pengaruh Pendapatan Asli Desa (PADesa), Sana Desa (DD). Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD), Dan Bagi Hasil Pajak Dan Retribusi (BHPR), Terhadap Alokasi Belanja Desa Bidang Kesehatan Tahun 2018 (Studi Pada Desa- Desa di Kabupaten Klaten)”. Naskah Publikasi. Universitas Ahmad Dahlan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 676,\n \"width\": 400,\n \"height\": 30,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Artikel Dinas Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Desa, 2018, [Online] Didapatkan < https://m5.gs/SVdIdT [15> Februari 2018]\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 709,\n \"width\": 100,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Di akses, Juni 2022\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 729,\n \"width\": 400,\n \"height\": 30,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Bambang Trisantoro Soemantri. 2011. Pedoman Penyelenggaraan Pemerintah Desa . Bandung: Fokusmedia.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 166,\n \"top\": 27,\n \"width\": 293,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Wanda Nur Fauziah, Fidyah Arini Kusuma Wardhani, Datuk Maralelo S\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 793,\n \"width\": 150,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Volume 8 No.1, February 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 462,\n \"top\": 793,\n \"width\": 13,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"99\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 71,\n \"width\": 400,\n \"height\": 85,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dasuki, Tirto Marta Sugema. 2020. “Pengaruh Pendapatan Asli Desa dan Aokasi Dana Desa Terhadap Belanja Desa di Kab. Majalengka”. Jurnal Akuntansi Keuangan dan Sistem Informasi (/JAKSI), Vol. 1 No. 2, Agustus-Februari Tahun 2020. ISSN : 2721-060X. Universitas Majalengka, Majalengka. https://docplayer.info/230217454-Pengaruh-pendapatan-asli-desa-dan- alokasi-dana-desa-terhadap-belanja-desa-di-kab-majalengka.html\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 160,\n \"width\": 97,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Di akses, Juni 2022\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 179,\n \"width\": 403,\n \"height\": 72,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dewi, Ratna Sari, Ova Novi Irama, 2018. “Pengaruh Pendapatan Desa dan Alokasi Dana Desa Terhadap Belanja Desa dan Kemiskinan”. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Multi Paradigma (JRAM). Vol. 5 No. 2, September. Tahun 2018. ISSN 2339-0492. Universitas Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah. https://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/JRAM/issue/download/96/53\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 254,\n \"width\": 111,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Di akses, Juni 2022\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 274,\n \"width\": 400,\n \"height\": 71,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Ema Tietien Chrystiana. 2017. Pengaruh Penyajian Laporan Pertanggungjawaban dan Aksesibilitas Terhadap Transparansi dan Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD) di Desa Winoranggan, Kecamatan Gatak, Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Skripsi Akuntansi Syariah Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam Institut Agama Islam Negeri Surakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 349,\n \"width\": 350,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"http://eprints.iain- surakarta.ac.id/833/1/Skripsi%20Ema%20Full%20Rev%20Biro.pdf ,\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 367,\n \"width\": 151,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Diakses pada 11 Oktober 2022\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 386,\n \"width\": 405,\n \"height\": 72,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Fatmaningsih, Lusiana dan Pardi. 2021. “Analisis Belanja Desa Terhadap Pendapatan Alokasi Dana Desa Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi Kecamatan Gondangrejo, Kabupaten Karanganyar)”. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Pajak (JAP). Vol. 1 No. 22. Tahun 2021. ISSN 1412-629X. Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Surakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 462,\n \"width\": 235,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"https://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/jap/article/view/2160\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 479,\n \"width\": 400,\n \"height\": 63,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Di akses, Juni 2022 Formasi. 2017. Sumber Keuangan Desa . Artikel Internet Formasi Membangun Negara dan Desa. https://www.formasi.org/2017/05/09/sumber-keuangan- desa/ ,\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 546,\n \"width\": 151,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Diakses pada 11 Oktober 2022\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 566,\n \"width\": 400,\n \"height\": 30,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Ghozali. Imam. 2018. Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program IBM SPSS 25. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro: Semarang\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 600,\n \"width\": 400,\n \"height\": 29,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"H.A.W Widjaja. 2010. Otonomi Desa: Otonomi yang asli, bulat, dan utuh. Depok. Rajawali.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 633,\n \"width\": 402,\n \"height\": 30,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Hanif Nurcholis, 2011. Pertumbuhan dan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan desa. Jakarta : penerbit ERLANGGA\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 667,\n \"width\": 409,\n \"height\": 57,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Hidayah, Nur Kholifatul, Drs, Supriadi, Msi, dan Toto Heru Dwihandoko. SE., MM., AK., CA. 2018. “Analisis Pendapatan Desa Terhadap Belanja Desa Pada Desa Sambilawang Periode 2015-2017”. Naskah Publikasi. Universitas Islam Majapahit, Mojokerto\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 142,\n \"top\": 728,\n \"width\": 164,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"http://repository.unim.ac.id/id/eprint/358\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 142,\n \"top\": 745,\n \"width\": 97,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Di akses, Juni 2022\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 137,\n \"top\": 27,\n \"width\": 295,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Wanda Nur Fauziah, Fidyah Arini Kusuma Wardhani, Datuk Maralelo S\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 92,\n \"top\": 783,\n \"width\": 20,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"100\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 357,\n \"top\": 783,\n \"width\": 147,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Volume 8 No.1, February 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 71,\n \"width\": 401,\n \"height\": 49,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kartohadikusumo, Sutardjo. 1953. Desa. Bandung. Sumur Bandung Mamesa, DJ. (1995). Sistem Akuntansi Keuangan Daerah, Jakarta. PT Gramedia Pustaka.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 124,\n \"width\": 401,\n \"height\": 30,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Mamesah, D. J. 1995. Sistem Administrasi Keuangan Daerah, Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 158,\n \"width\": 400,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Martani, Dwi, Dkk. 2016. Akuntansi Keuangan Menengah Berbasis PSAK. Buku\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 113,\n \"top\": 172,\n \"width\": 134,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2. Jakarta. Salemba Empat.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 191,\n \"width\": 403,\n \"height\": 30,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Moelong, Lexy J. 2012. Metodologi Penellitian Kualitatif, Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 225,\n \"width\": 396,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia Nomor 37 Tahun 2007.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 245,\n \"width\": 191,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pedoman Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 265,\n \"width\": 400,\n \"height\": 29,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Peraturan Mentri Dalam Negri No. 113 tahun 2014 tentang pengelolaan keuangan desa.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 298,\n \"width\": 401,\n \"height\": 30,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Peraturan Mentri Dalam Negri Nomer 113 Tahun 2014 dalam Pasal 1 Ayat (9) Tentang pengelolaan keuangan desa.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 332,\n \"width\": 401,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Peraturan Mentri Dalam Negri Nomer 113 Tahun 2014 dalam Pasal 1 Ayat (10)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 113,\n \"top\": 346,\n \"width\": 183,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tentang pengelolaan keuangan desa.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 365,\n \"width\": 401,\n \"height\": 30,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Peraturan Mentri Dalam Negri Nomor 113 Tahun 2014 Pasal 9 Ayat (1) tentang Pendapatan Desa.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 399,\n \"width\": 400,\n \"height\": 30,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Peraturan Mentri Dalam Negri Nomor 20 Tahun 2018 Tentang Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 433,\n \"width\": 400,\n \"height\": 29,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 55 Tahun 2005. Dana Perimbangan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 466,\n \"width\": 400,\n \"height\": 30,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 71 Tahun 2010. Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 500,\n \"width\": 400,\n \"height\": 30,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonsesia Nomor 43 Tahun 2014. Peraturan Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Desa.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 533,\n \"width\": 400,\n \"height\": 30,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonsesia Nomor 47 Tahun 2015. Perubahan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 43 Tahun 2014.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 567,\n \"width\": 343,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Peraturan Pemerintah No. 72 Tahun 2005 tentang Pemerintahan Desa.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 587,\n \"width\": 404,\n \"height\": 30,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Peraturan Pemerintah Nomer 24 Tahun 2005 Tentang Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan (SAP)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 620,\n \"width\": 405,\n \"height\": 44,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Peraturan Pemerintah Nomer 71 Tahun 2010 Tentang Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan (SAP) pada pernyataan Standart Akuntansi Pemerintahan Nomer 2 Tentang laporan realisasi anggaran.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 668,\n \"width\": 405,\n \"height\": 43,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Peraturan Pemerintah Nomer 71 Tahun 2010 Tentang Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan (SAP) pada Pernyataan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah Nomor 3 Tentang Laporan Arus Kas.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 717,\n \"width\": 401,\n \"height\": 44,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Prihartini Budi Astuti, 2013. Efektivitas dan Pengaruh PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan, Alokasi Dana Desa, Pendapatan Asli Desa, dan Jumlah Penduduk Teradap Jumlah Kepala Keluarga Miskin di Kabupaten\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 166,\n \"top\": 27,\n \"width\": 293,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Wanda Nur Fauziah, Fidyah Arini Kusuma Wardhani, Datuk Maralelo S\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 793,\n \"width\": 150,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Volume 8 No.1, February 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 462,\n \"top\": 793,\n \"width\": 18,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"101\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 142,\n \"top\": 71,\n \"width\": 367,\n \"height\": 30,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kebumen Tahun 2009-2011. Jurnal STIE Putra Bangsa , http://journal.stieputrabangsa.ac.id/index.php/fokbis/article/view/1/1 ,\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 142,\n \"top\": 98,\n \"width\": 150,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Diakses pada 11 Oktober 2022\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 118,\n \"width\": 403,\n \"height\": 64,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"R. Bintarto. 1983. Desa-Kota dan Permasalahannya. Jakarta. Ghalian Indonesia Sudrajat, Ajat. (2014). Nilai-Nilai Budaya Gotong Royong Etnik Betawi Sebagai Sumber Pembelajaran IPS. Disertasi, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 185,\n \"width\": 402,\n \"height\": 30,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sugiyono, 2015. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung. Alfabet\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 219,\n \"width\": 402,\n \"height\": 30,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sugiyono. 2011. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung. Alfabet\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 253,\n \"width\": 400,\n \"height\": 29,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sugiyono. 2016. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung. PT Alfabet.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 286,\n \"width\": 402,\n \"height\": 30,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sugiyono. 2017. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung. Alfabeta, CV.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 320,\n \"width\": 400,\n \"height\": 30,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sugiyono. 2018. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung. PT Alfabet\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 353,\n \"width\": 403,\n \"height\": 44,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Suhairi. 2016. “Analisis Pendapatan Desa Terhadap Belanja Desa Pada Desa Kepayang Kecamatan Kepenuhan Hulu. Naskah Publikasi. Universitas Pasir Pengaraian Rokan Hulu.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 142,\n \"top\": 401,\n \"width\": 363,\n \"height\": 24,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"https://www.neliti.com/id/publications/109538/analisis-pendapatan-desa-terhadap-belanja- desa-pada-desa-kepayang-kecamatan-kepe\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 142,\n \"top\": 430,\n \"width\": 97,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Di akses, Juni 2022\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 450,\n \"width\": 401,\n \"height\": 30,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sumpeno. 2013. Perencanaan Desa Terpadu. Banda Aceh. Reinforcement Action and Development.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 483,\n \"width\": 322,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Undang-Undang No. 6 Tahun 2014 Pasal 1 Ayat (1) tentang Desa.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 503,\n \"width\": 353,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Yuliansyah, Rusmianto. 2016. Akuntansi Desa. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n }\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":1494,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"string","value":"b20c0ed2-c71c-10bc-6061-2c532a182162"},"url":{"kind":"string","value":"http://jurnal.ardenjaya.com/index.php/ajsh/article/download/395/364"},"data":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"left":507,"top":16,"width":19,"height":11,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"437","type":"Page header"},{"left":174,"top":35,"width":256,"height":38,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Arus Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora (AJSH)","type":"Section header"},{"left":177,"top":73,"width":251,"height":26,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Website: http://jurnal.ardenjaya.com/index.php/ajsh Email: jurnal.ajsh@ardenjaya.com","type":"Text"},{"left":73,"top":125,"width":449,"height":48,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Analisis Implementasi Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian (SIMPEG) untuk Mendukung e-Government pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara","type":"Text"},{"left":228,"top":187,"width":67,"height":12,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"INFO PENULIS","type":"Section header"},{"left":77,"top":211,"width":218,"height":35,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Muhammad Syarif Muin Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Enam-Enam Kendari syariifmuin3@gmail.com","type":"Text"},{"left":77,"top":258,"width":218,"height":23,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Abd. Azis Muthalib Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Enam-Enam Kendari","type":"Text"},{"left":77,"top":293,"width":222,"height":23,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Nofal Supriaddin Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Enam-Enam Kendari","type":"Text"},{"left":303,"top":187,"width":68,"height":12,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"INFO ARTIKEL","type":"Section header"},{"left":303,"top":211,"width":191,"height":35,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ISSN: 2808-1307 Vol. 4, No. 2, Agustus 2024 http://jurnal.ardenjaya.com/index.php/ajsh","type":"Text"},{"left":319,"top":328,"width":205,"height":12,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"© 2024 Arden Jaya Publisher All rights reserved","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":352,"width":123,"height":12,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Saran Penulisan Referensi:","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":364,"width":453,"height":35,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Muin, M. S., Muthalib, A. A., & Supriaddin, N. (2023). Analisis Implementasi Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian (SIMPEG) untuk Mendukung e-Government pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Arus Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora, 4 (2), 437-452.","type":"Text"},{"left":279,"top":441,"width":39,"height":12,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Abstrak","type":"Section header"},{"left":109,"top":464,"width":381,"height":235,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengetahui implementasi aplikasi SIMPEG (Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian) dalam mendukung e-Government pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara dan Komitmen pimpinan dalam mewujudkan layanan pemerintahan berbasis elektronik (e- Government) khususnya aplikasi SIMPEG (Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian) dalam pengambilan keputusan pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ada dua yaitu sumber primer dan sumber sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan secara langsung di lokasi penelitian melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Data terhimpun dianalisis menggunakan metode induktif dan metode deduktif, dengan langkah-langkah reduksi data, sajian data, penarikan simpulan dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Implementasi aplikasi SIMPEG (Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian) dalam mendukung e-Government pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara didukung oleh komponen-komponen pendukung sistem yang terdiri dari sumber daya manusia, sumber daya perangkat lunak, sumber daya perangkat keras, dan sumber daya jaringan (2) Pimpinan pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara untuk mewujudkan layanan pemerintahan berbasis elektronik (e- Government) berkomitmen memanfaatkan data aplikasi SIMPEG dalam pengambilan keputusan.","type":"Text"},{"left":109,"top":710,"width":198,"height":12,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kata Kunci : Aplikasi, e-Government, SIMPEG","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":14,"width":23,"height":13,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"438","type":"Page header"},{"left":408,"top":14,"width":121,"height":13,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024","type":"Page header"},{"left":72,"top":384,"width":90,"height":13,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"A. Pendahuluan","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":409,"width":454,"height":91,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pelaksanaan pembangunan nasional membutuhkan sumber daya manusia yang handal dan profesional dalam pembangunan di segala bidang dan salah satunya di bidang pemerintahan. Pemerintahan merupakan suatu bentuk organisasi dan hanya berfungsi jika manusia yang menghimpun dirinya saling berinteraksi dengan baik dalam mewujudkan analisis jabatan dan analisis beban kerjanya di instansi pemerintah. Demikian pula dengan instansi pemerintahan hanya dapat mewujudkan visi dan misinya apabila didukung oleh Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) yang profesional.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":500,"width":454,"height":155,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kedudukan dan peranan PNS sangat penting dan menentukan bagi perkembangan organisasi karena pegawai negeri adalah unsur aparatur negara, abdi negara sekaligus abdi masyarakat untuk menyelenggarakan pemerintahan dan pembangunan dalam rangka mencapai tujuan nasional. Organisasi harus selalu disesuaikan dengan perkembangan tugas pokok yang harus dilaksanakan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut. Karena tugas pokok selalu berkembang seiring kemajuan era. Perkembangan tugas pokok dapat mengakibatkan makin besarnya jumlah PNS yang diperlukan, dengan makin besarnya jumlah PNS maka diperlukan pula manajemen kepegawaian yang teratur dan terencana untuk kelancaran penyelenggaraan pemerintahan dan pelaksanaan pembangunan nasional terutama kesempurnaan kinerja PNS dalam melakukan optimalisasi pelayanan publik yang dilakukan oleh birokrasi pemerintah bukanlah pekerjaan mudah karena menyangkut berbagai aspek yang telah membudaya dalam lingkaran birokrasi pemerintahan.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":654,"width":454,"height":91,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dalam perkembangannya implementasi e-Government dikalangan pemerintahan menjadi sebuah trend diseluruh penyelenggaraan pemerintahan. Hampir keseluruhan jenis aplikasi yang dipergunakan pasti melibatkan pengolahan data menjadi informasi yang selanjutnya akan dipergunakan oleh pemerintah ataupun stakeholders dalam proses pengambilan keputusan. Didalam pemerintahan hampir setiap hari para birokrat di pemerintahan harus mengambil keputusan-keputusan penting yang menyangkut hajat hidup orang banyak dan keberlangsungan/ keberadaan pemerintahan yang bersangkutan.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":745,"width":453,"height":52,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Implementasi teknologi informasi dalam pengolahan data pegawai saat ini harus diupayakan semenjak keterdesakan akan kebutuhan informasi yang aktual dan akurat dalam pengambilan keputusan oleh pimpinan. Karena pentingnya pengelolaan data pegawai dalam subeuah organisai dalam pemerintahan, maka peningkatan kualitas pengelolaan kepegawaian","type":"Text"},{"left":278,"top":35,"width":41,"height":12,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Abstract","type":"Section header"},{"left":109,"top":59,"width":379,"height":223,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"This research aims to determine the implementation of the SIMPEG (Personnel Management Information System) application in supporting e-Government at the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of Southeast Sulawesi Province and the leadership's commitment to realizing electronic-based government services (e- Government), especially the SIMPEG (Personnel Management Information System) application. ) in decision making at the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of Southeast Sulawesi Province. This type of research is qualitative research. There are two data sources used in this research, namely primary sources and secondary sources. Data collection techniques were carried out directly at the research location through observation, interviews and documentation. The collected data was analyzed using inductive methods and deductive methods, with steps for data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions and verification. The results show that: (1) The implementation of the SIMPEG (Personnel Management Information System) application in supporting e-Government at the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of Southeast Sulawesi Province is supported by system support components consisting of human resources, software resources, hardware resources and network resources (2) Leadership at the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of Southeast Sulawesi Province to realize electronic-based government services (e-Government) is committed to utilizing SIMPEG application data in decision making","type":"Text"},{"left":109,"top":293,"width":208,"height":12,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Keywords : Application, e-Government, SIMPEG","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":14,"width":121,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024","type":"Page header"},{"left":508,"top":14,"width":21,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"439","type":"Page header"},{"left":72,"top":35,"width":453,"height":26,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"melalui aplikasi Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian (SIMPEG) merupakan salah satu prioritas dalam tahapan pengembangan pemerintahan yang e-Government .","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":61,"width":454,"height":78,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berdasarkan beberapa uraian di atas, PNS perlu diatur secara menyeluruh dengan menerapkan pengaturan sistem manajemen kepegawaian yang standar dan seragam, hal tersebut memerlukan dukungan aplikasi yang memadai. Dengan adanya aplikasi SIMPEG yang mampu menyediakan data dan informasi yang mudah dan cepat yang berhubungan dengan kepegawaian serta terciptanya kesesuaian antara arus informasi dengan sistem pengolahan data yang diterapkan.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":139,"width":454,"height":64,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Aplikasi SIMPEG memiliki peran penting dalam memberikan layanan kepada seluruh kalangan yang ada karena pegawai merupakan aset penting dalam penyelenggaraan organisasi yang perlu dikelola dengan baik. Pengelolaan pegawai yang baik dalam lingkup kecil akan meningkatkan kinerja pegawai dalam lingkup yang lebih besar dan akan membawa perbaikan kinerja pemerintah secara keseluruhan.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":203,"width":456,"height":116,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Secara spesifik tujuan dari pengembangan aplikasi SIMPEG adalah untuk mendukung integritas data, kemudahan pengaksesan, dan kemudahan pengelolaan sehingga dapat mendukung kelancaran pelaksanaan dan fungsi dalam bidang administrasi kepegawaian yang efektif dan efisien. Dengan adanya aplikasi SIMPEG diharapkan kecepatan dan ketepatan pelayanan dapat ditingkatkan. Kebanyakan sistem pengolahan aplikasi pada mulanya mengikuti rancangan sistem pengolahan manual dimana setiap penerapan diolah secara terpisah dengan memakai file terpisah pula. Metode ini mempunyai efisiensi pengolahan dan pengendalian, tetapi hal ini menjurus kepada duplikasi file dan mencerai beraikannya, sebagian mempunyai data yang sama tetapi dengan data yang sering tidak serasi.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":319,"width":454,"height":103,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sistem informasi terpadu yang berdasarkan pada asumsi bahwa harus ada integrasi antara data dalam pengolahan data. Perpaduan data yang dicapai dalam database merupakan sekumpulan file yang saling berkaitan yang membentuk suatu bangunan data minimal terdiri dari satu file yang cukup untuk diolah dalam aplikasi dengan sedemikian rupa dalam sistem pengolahan informasi data. Manajemen sebuah database adalah sebuah sistem perangkat lunak aplikasi yang disebut sebagai sebuah sistem management database . Rancangan pada SIMPEG adalah berupa sistem pengolahan data dengan sebuah aplikasi pusat besar yang disebut server dan menggunakan jaringan komputer yang dihubungkan dengan beberapa aplikasi.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":422,"width":453,"height":65,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara sebagai salah satu bagian dari instansi vertikal yang mengurusi pengelolaan tentang kepegawaian yang saat ini mulai menerapkan sistem aplikasi dan teknologi informasi dalam pengelolaan data pegawai meskipun belum sepenuhnya. Salah satu sistem yang mampu memberikan informasi yang akurat, cepat, tepat waktu, lengkap, dan relevan saat ini adalah SIMPEG.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":487,"width":454,"height":103,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Aplikasi SIMPEG berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Agama Nomor 344 Tahun 2016 tentang Pedoman Pengelolaan Data dan Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian pada Kementerian Agama, dan Surat Edaran Sekretariat Jenderal Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia Nomor B-1635/SJ/B.II.1/Kp.01.2/ 02/2018 tentang Peningkatan Pengelolaan Data PNS melalui SIMPEG Kementerian Agama, menyebutkan bahwa SIMPEG adalah sistem informasi terpadu yang terdiri atas perangkat lunak, perangkat penyimpanan meliputi pusat data dan bank data serta perangkat komunikasi yang saling berkaitan dan saling menentukan dalam rangka penyediaan informasi di bidang kepegawaian.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":590,"width":454,"height":65,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara sebagai salah satu bagian dari instansi vertikal yang mengurusi pengelolaan tentang kepegawaian yang saat ini mulai menerapkan sistem aplikasi dan teknologi informasi dalam pengelolaan data pegawai meskipun belum sepenuhnya. Salah satu sistem yang mampu memberikan informasi yang akurat, cepat, tepat waktu, lengkap, dan relevan saat ini adalah SIMPEG.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":654,"width":454,"height":156,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Untuk meningkatkan kualitas pengelolaan kepegawaian dan mendukung penerapan e- Government dalam pelayanan kepegawaian secara transparan dan objektif, sistem ini selain menyajikan informasi yang terkait dengan data kepegawaian, juga dikhususkan untuk meningkatkan pelayanan di bidang mutasi dan promosi pegawai serta menyelesaikan permasalahan data pegawai yang ada di instansi tersebut. Permasalahan yang ada diantaranya adalah PNS yang status kepegawaiannya tidak jelas, hal ini menggambarkan buruknya administrasi kepegawaian yang ada, PNS yang sudah pensiun, pindah instansi, meninggal atau berhenti data kepegawaiannya tidak diperbaharui. Beberapa Dokumen PNS tidak up to date , sehingga jumlah PNS tidak diketahui secara akurat, dan banyaknya data yang ada saling berbeda, pemutakhiran data tidak berjalan sebagaimana mestinya. Hal yang terjadi lebih dominan menggunakan pengelolaan data kepegawaian mulai dari kenaikan pangkat, mutasi, rotasi dan promosi pegawai, daftar riwayat hidup pegawai, penyusunan daftar urut","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":14,"width":23,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"440","type":"Page header"},{"left":408,"top":14,"width":121,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024","type":"Page header"},{"left":72,"top":35,"width":453,"height":26,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"kepangkatan, kenaikan gaji berkala, pensiunan pegawai, masih bersifat manual atau masih menggunakan desktop yang terpisah-pisah.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":61,"width":454,"height":116,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Di sisi lain pegawai yang ada di Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara masih belum merata dalam hal pengetahuan dan keterampilan dibidang teknologi informasi, dimana masih banyak ditemukan pegawai yang tidak lancar atau bahkan sama sekali tidak bisa menggunakan komputer dalam bekerja kesehariannya sebagai PNS. olehnya dengan diterapkannya Aplikasi SIMPEG diharapkan pegawai yang ada dapat memacu diri untuk terus berkembang mengikuti perubahan era yang semakin laju dalam hal pembaharuan di bidang revolusi industri yang kini dikenal dengan era revolusi industri 4.0 yang merupakan rangkaian yang sangat erat dalam hubungannya dengan aplikasi SIMPEG untuk mewujudkan pemerintahan berbasis elektonik.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":190,"width":75,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"B. Metodologi","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":216,"width":454,"height":39,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian diskriptif kualitatif dengan alasan bahwa dalam penelitian ini berupaya menggali data, yaitu data berupa pandangan responden dalam bentuk cerita rinci atau asli.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":255,"width":117,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1.Jenis dan Sumber Data","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":268,"width":415,"height":25,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi data primer dan data sekunder. 2. Teknik Pengumpulan Data","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":293,"width":454,"height":91,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Data penilitain berupa data Primer dan Sekunder dikumpulkan dengan cara, Data primer diperoleh secara langsung dari subjek penelitian atau informan melalui penelitian lapangan dengan melakukan wawancara sehubungan dengan Implementasi Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian (SIMPEG) untuk Mendukung e-Government pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Sedangkan data sekunder dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari studi dokumentasi pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":397,"width":135,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"C. Hasil dan Pembahasan","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":422,"width":215,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Konsep Tentang Manajemen Kepegawaian","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":435,"width":454,"height":91,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Manajemen kepegawaian lazim disebut personnel management atau tata personil. Walaupun istilah-istilah tersebut nampaknya berbeda-beda namun pengertiannya sama. Manajemen Kepegawaian bertugas untuk melaksanakan kegiatan yang secara garis besarnya telah ditentukan oleh top leader dengan menitik beratkan pada usaha mendapatkan tenaga kerja yang cakap dan mampu bekerja menurut kebutuhan organisasi, menggerakkan mereka untuk tercapainya tujuan organisasi, memelihara dan mengembangkan kecakapan serta kemampuan individu pegawai.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":525,"width":454,"height":168,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Menurut A. W. Widjaja (2006) personnel management merupakan suatu cabang ilmu dimanajemen yang khusus menitik beratkan pada soal-soal kepegawaian. sedangkan menurut Heidjrachman dan Suad Husnan (2002) dalam bukunya memaknai manajemen personalia merupakan suatu perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengarahan dan pengawasan yang bersumber dari suatu pengadaan, pengembangan, pemberian kompensasi, pengintegrasian dan pemeliharaan tenaga kerja dengan target dapat membantu memajukan tujuan perusahaan, perorangan dan masyarakat. Dari uraian tersebut dikenal dengan istilah POAC, yang merupakan singkatan dari planning, organizing, actuating, dan controlling (Richardus Eko Indrajit 2014:47). Berdasarkan paparan tentang manajemen kepegawaian diatas, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa manajemen itu adalah suatu usaha dan rangkaian proses dalam mengelola sejumlah sumber daya demi tercapainya tujuan. sedangkan pegawai merupakan salah satu sumber daya utama dalam perusahaan, karena pegawai merupakan faktor penentu pencapaian tujuan perusahaan melalui kinerja pegawai","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":706,"width":133,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pengertian E-Government","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":719,"width":454,"height":39,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Menurut Wyld (2004) dalam Akadun (2009), e-Government merupakan pemrosesan secara elektronik yang digunakan pemerintah untuk mengkomunikasikan, menyebarkan atau mengumpulkan informasi sebagai fasilitas transaksi dan perizinan untuk suatu tujuan.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":758,"width":453,"height":52,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"E-Government merupakan suatu implementasi penggunaan teknologi informasi di suatu organisasi baik pemerintahan maupun swasta dengan tujunan untuk memberikan informasi dan pelayanan bagi masyarakat, dan hal yang berhubungan dengan organisasi tersebut. Penerapan e-Government umunnya terdapat pada birokrasi seperti legislatif, yudikatif, ataupun","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":14,"width":121,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024","type":"Page header"},{"left":508,"top":14,"width":21,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"441","type":"Page header"},{"left":72,"top":35,"width":454,"height":65,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"kantor pelayanan masyarakat dengan tujuan meningkatkan efisiensi internal dalam menyampaikan pelayanan publik, atau proses administrasi kepemerintahan yang demokratis. Oleh karena itu e-Government merupakan penerapan penggunaan teknologi informasi dalam suatu organisasi pemerintahan ataupun swasta yang dapat meningkatkan hubungan antara pemerintah dan pihak lain yang berkepentingan di dalamnya.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":100,"width":454,"height":52,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Karakteristik e-Government diantaranya interaksi antara pemerintah dengan berbagai pihak yang berkepentingan seperti masyarakat luas dan unit kerja di lingkungan pemerintah lainnya. Menggunakan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi mempermudah dan praktis dalam pelayanan pemerintah terhadap berbagai pihak yang berkepentingan.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":164,"width":270,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian (SIMPEG)","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":177,"width":454,"height":52,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"SIMPEG merupakan suatu sistem yang menyajikan data dalam penerapan e-Government pada instansi pemerintah khususnya yang menyangkut tentang pengelolaan kepegawaian yang dilaksanakan dengan perangkat aplikasi online, alat tersebut sebagai penyedia informasi bagi aparatur maupun masyarakat yang memerlukan informasi kepegawaian.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":229,"width":453,"height":77,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Menurut David Kroenke (1994) sistem informasi merupakan the development and use of effective information systems in organization. Sedangkan menurut George M.Scott (1995) Sistem Informasi Manajemen adalah sejumlah rangkaian dari sistem informasi menyeluruh yang terkoordinasi secara rasional terpadu dan mampu mentranformasikan data sehingga menjadi informasi melalui berbagai metode dalam meningkatkan produktifitas yang sesuai dengan model atas dasar kriteria mutu yang telah ditetapkan.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":306,"width":454,"height":52,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Uraian tersebut menerangkan bahwa SIMPEG merupakan suatu totalitas yang terpadu yang terdiri atas perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak, sebagai penyimpanan pusat data dan bank data serta perangkat komunikasi yang saling berkaitan, bergantung dan saling menentukan dalam rangka penyediaan informasi di bidang kepegawaian.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":358,"width":454,"height":77,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tugas pokok Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara pada Fungsi Kepegawaian Bagian Tata Usaha adalah melaksanakan tugas penyusunan rencana kebutuhan dan penataan pegawai, pengelolaan data dan administrasi kepegawaian, fasilitasi asesmen dan pengembangan pegawai, dan informasi kepegawaian sebagaimana di amanatkan dalam Peraturan Menteri Agama RI Nomor 6 Tahun 2022 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Menteri Agama tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Instansi Vertikal Kementerian Agama.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":435,"width":454,"height":116,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan kepegawaian dalam organisasi pemerintahan perlu adanya tunjangan data dan statistik pegawai olehnya itu diperlukan perencanaan, implementasi, pemantauan, dan evaluasi penyelenggaraan kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan kepegawaian sehingga muncul gagasan untuk membuatnya dalam sebuah sistem aplikasi. Aplikasi SIMPEG mulai diterapkan pada tahun 2009 dengan sistem web base dimana basis datanya tersentralisasi, aplikasi ini adalah produk dari Biro Kepegawaian Kementerian Agama RI yang merupakan program otonomi karena daerah lingkup dari pekerjanya secara nasional yang tidak mungkin untuk mengolah data dengan maksimal menggunakan exel yang tidak menjamin kecepatan dan akurasi data jika dibutuhkan.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":551,"width":453,"height":52,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sistem Informasi Manajemen saat ini berkembang seiring perkembangan penggunaan teknologi informasi. Perkembangan teknologi dengan sistem komputerisasi saat ini telah memberikan kesadaran baru bahwa aplikasi online harus diterapkan untuk tujuan menghasilkan informasi dalam pengambilan keputusan manajemen (Aji Supriyanto 2005:238).","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":603,"width":454,"height":52,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"SIMPEG merupakan suatu sistem yang menyajikan data dalam penerapan e-Government pada instansi pemerintah khususnya yang menyangkut tentang pengelolaan kepegawaian yang dilaksanakan dengan perangkat aplikasi online, alat tersebut sebagai penyedia informasi bagi aparatur maupun masyarakat yang memerlukan informasi kepegawaian.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":654,"width":454,"height":78,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Menurut David Kroenke (1994) sistem informasi merupakan the development and use of effective information systems in organization. Sedangkan menurut George M.Scott (1995) Sistem Informasi Manajemen adalah sejumlah rangkaian dari sistem informasi menyeluruh yang terkoordinasi secara rasional terpadu dan mampu mentranformasikan data sehingga menjadi informasi melalui berbagai metode dalam meningkatkan produktifitas yang sesuai dengan model atas dasar kriteria mutu yang telah ditetapkan.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":732,"width":454,"height":52,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Uraian tersebut menerangkan bahwa SIMPEG merupakan suatu totalitas yang terpadu yang terdiri atas perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak, sebagai penyimpanan pusat data dan bank data serta perangkat komunikasi yang saling berkaitan, bergantung dan saling menentukan dalam rangka penyediaan informasi di bidang kepegawaian.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":784,"width":453,"height":26,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dalam hal ini, pemahaman tentang istilah SIMPEG akan diperoleh dengan cukup baik apabila seseorang mampu memahami tentang sistem, informasi, dan manajemen.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":14,"width":23,"height":13,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"442","type":"Page header"},{"left":408,"top":14,"width":121,"height":13,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024","type":"Page header"},{"left":72,"top":35,"width":43,"height":13,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1 . Sistem","type":"Page header"},{"left":72,"top":48,"width":456,"height":78,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sistem dalam kamus besar Bahasa Indonesia merupakan perangkat unsur yang secara teratur saling berkaitan sehingga membentuk suatu totalitas (https://kbbi.web.id/sistem, di akses tanggal 17 November 2023). Lucas dalam bukunya Wahyudi Komorotomo dan Subando Agus Margono (2004) mengatakan, secara sederhana suatu sistem dapat diartikan sebagai suatu kumpulan atau himpunan dari unsur, komponen, atau variabel-variabel yang terorganisasi, saling berinteraksi, saling tergantung satu sama lain dan terpadu.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":126,"width":454,"height":64,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pengertian sistem menurut Gordon B. Davis (1997) yang diterjemahkan Andreas S. Adiwardana adalah sebuah sistem terdiri dari bagian-bagian yang saling berkaitan yang beroperasi bersama untuk mencapai beberapa sasaran atau maksud. Berarti sebuah sistem itu bukan seperangkat unsur yang terdiri dari beberapa susunan yang acak, melainkan terdiri dari unsur yang saling keterkaitan karena adanya satu tujuan, maksud, dan sasaran yang sama.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":190,"width":454,"height":52,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pendapat lain dalam buku, Edhy Sutanta (2003) mengatakan, Secara umum, sistem dapat didefinisikan sebagai sekumpulan hal atau kegiatan atau elemen atau subsistem yang saling bekerja sama atau yang dihubungkan dengan cara cara tertentu sehingga membentuk satu kesatuan untuk melaksanakan suatu fungsi guna mencapai suatu tujuan.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":242,"width":453,"height":26,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dalam bukunya Edhy Sutanta (2003) menyatakan suatu sistem mempunyai karakteristik sebagai berikut:","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":268,"width":453,"height":25,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"a) Mempunyai komponen (components) sistem yaitu segala sesuatu yang menjadi bagian penyusun sistem.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":293,"width":454,"height":26,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"b) Mempunyai batas (boundary) dimana sistem diperlukan untuk membedakan satu sistem dengan sistem yang lain.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":319,"width":425,"height":13,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"c) Mempunyai lingkungan (environment) yaitu segala sesuatu yang berada di luar sistem.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":332,"width":453,"height":26,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"d) Mempunyai penghubung/antar muka (interface) yaitu segala sesuatu yang bertugas menjembatani dan menghubungkan hubungan antar komponen dalam sistem.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":358,"width":453,"height":39,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"e) Mempunyai masukan (input) yaitu diaman segala sesuatu yang perlu di inpu dalam sistem sebagai bahan baku yang akan diproses lebih lanjut untuk menhasilkan keluaran yang berguna.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":397,"width":454,"height":38,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"f) Mempunyai pengolahan (processing) Pengolah merupakan komponen sistem yang mempunyai peran utama mengolah masukan agar menghasilkan keluaran yang berguna bagi para pemakainya.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":435,"width":453,"height":26,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"g) Mempunyai keluaran (output) Keluaran merupakan komponen sistem yang berupa berbagai macam bentuk keluaran yang dihasilkan oleh komponen pengolahan.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":461,"width":453,"height":39,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"h) Mempunyai tujuan (objectives) yaitu dimana setiap komponen dalam sistem perlu dijaga dan saling bekerjasama dengan harapan supaya mampu mencapai sasaran serta tujuan sistem dimaksud.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":500,"width":454,"height":26,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"i) Mempunyai kendali (control) Setiap komponen dalam sistem perlu selalu dijaga agar tetap bekerja sesuai dengan peran dan fungsinya masing-masing.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":525,"width":454,"height":39,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"j) Mempunyai umpan balik (feed back) Umpan balik diperlukan oleh bagian kendali (control) sistem untuk mengecek terjadinya penyimpangan proses dalam sistem dan mengembalikannya ke dalam kondisi normal.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":564,"width":453,"height":26,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Menurut Rochaety E (2007) Model umum suatu sistem adalah terdiri atas masukan (input), pengolah (process), dan keluaran (output)","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":603,"width":59,"height":13,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2. Informasi","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":616,"width":454,"height":64,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berbicara tentang informasi tidak terlepas dengan istilah data, hendaknya perlu dibedakan pengertian antara data dan informasi. Edhy Sutanta (2003) menyatakan bahwa sebuah data dapat diartikan sebagai bahan keterangan atau pelengkap dari kejadian dan fakta dan dirumuskan dalam sekelompok lambang tertentu yang tidak acak yang menunjukkan jumlah, tindakan, atau hal.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":680,"width":454,"height":39,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Menurut Raymond McLeod, Jr & George P. Schell (2009) yang diterjemahkan oleh Ali Akbar Y dan Afia R. F, data terdiri atas fakta dan angka yang biasanya tidak bermanfaat karena volumenya yang besar dan sifatnya yang masih belum diolah.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":719,"width":454,"height":65,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dalam definisi lain menyebutkan, data dapat didefinisikan sebagai fakta tercatat tentang sesuatu obyek (Eko Nugroho 2008:13). Data dapat dikategorikan sebagai catatan dalam kertas, buku, atau tersimpan sebagai file dalam basis data. Data akan menjadi bahan dalam suatu proses pengolahan data. Oleh karena itu, suatu data belum dapat berbicara banyak sebelum diolah lebih lanjut. misalkan catatan identitas pegawai.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":14,"width":121,"height":13,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024","type":"Page header"},{"left":508,"top":14,"width":21,"height":13,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"443","type":"Page header"},{"left":72,"top":35,"width":453,"height":39,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Eko Nugroho (2008) menyebutkan, Informasi adalah suatu pengetahuan yang berguna untuk pengambilan keputusan. Jadi segala sesuatu yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai dasar pengambilan keputusan pada dasarnya dapat dikelompokkan sebagai informasi.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":87,"width":68,"height":13,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3. Manajemen","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":100,"width":454,"height":65,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pengertian manajemen menurut Wahyudi Komorotomo dan Subando Agus Margono (2004) yaitu Proses atau kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh seorang pimpinan atau manajer di dalam organisasi untuk mencapai tujuan bersama. Manajemen memang bisa berarti seperti itu, tetapi bisa juga mempunyai pengertian lebih dari pada itu, namun dalam pelaksanaan tidak ditemukan definisi yang digunakan secara paten dan konsisten.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":164,"width":453,"height":52,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dalam bukunya, Edhy Sutanta (2003) memaparkan, Manajemen dapat diartikan sebagai proses memanfaatkan berbagai sumber daya yang tersedia untuk mencapai suatu tujuan. Manajemen juga dapat diterjemahkan sebagai suatu sistem kekuasaan disebuah organisasi agar orang lain melaksanakan pekerjaan yang diperintahkan.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":216,"width":454,"height":39,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Handoko (2018) juga berpendapat bahwa manajemen merupakan sebuah proses perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengarahan, dan pengawasan usaha dari para anggota guna penggunaan sumber daya untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi yang telah ditentukan.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":255,"width":454,"height":51,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Menurut Griffin (2013) Manajemen adalah seperangkat kegiatan (termasuk perencanaan dan pengambilan keputusan, pengorganisasian, memimpin, dan mengendalikan) diarahkan pada sumber daya organisasi (manusia, keuangan, fisik, dan informasi), dengan tujuan untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi dengan cara yang efisien dan efektif.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":306,"width":454,"height":52,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berdasarkan uraian para pakar diatas bahwa prinsip dasarnya manajemen merupakan kerjasama dengan berbagai pihak dalam suatu organisasi untuk menentukan, menerjemahkan dan mencapai tujuan organisasi dalam pelaksanaan fungsi perencanaan (planning), pengorganisasian (organizing), pengarahan (actuating), dan pengawasan (controlling).","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":371,"width":180,"height":13,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sistem Informasi Manajemen (SIM)","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":384,"width":456,"height":90,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Menurut Lucas dalam Wahyudi Komorotomo dan Subando Agus Margono (2004), mengatakan bahwa SIM adalah sekumpulan prosedur organisasi yang pada saat dilaksanakan akan memberikan informasi bagi keputusan dan/atau untuk mengendalikan organisasi. Menurut Raymond McLeod, Jr.& George P. Schell (2009) yang diterjemahkan oleh Ali Akbar Y dan Afia R. F, Sistem informasi manajemen didefinisikan sebagai suatu sistem berbasis komputer yang membuat informasi tersedia bagi para pengguna yang memiliki kebutuhan serupa.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":474,"width":454,"height":116,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Edhy Sutanta (2003) dalam bukunya menjelaskan bahwa SIM merupakan: “kumpulan subsistem yang saling berhubungan, menyatu dan membentuk satu kesatuan, saling berinteraksi dan bekerjasama antara bagian satu dengan yang lainnya dengan cara-cara tertentu untuk melakukan fungsi pengolahan data, menerima masukan berupa data, kemudian mengolahnya, dan menghasilkan keluaran berupa informasi sebagai dasar bagi pengambilan keputusan yang berguna dan mempunyai nilai nyata yang dapat dinikmati baik pada saat itu juga maupun di masa mendatang, mendukung kegiatan operasional, manajerial, dan strategis organisasi, dengan memanfaatkan berbagai sumber daya yang ada dan tersedia bagi fungsi tersebut guna mencapai tujuan”.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":590,"width":456,"height":103,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berdasarkan beberapa definisi tentang SIM maka dapat dikatakan bahwa SIM merupakan keseluruhan dari berbagai sistem yang mampu menyelenggarakan suatu kebutuhan informasi yang handal kepada pihak organisasi dalam rangka untuk pengambilan keputusan ataupun sebagai landasan mencapai tujuan dari organisasi tersebut. Dalam SIM pengolahan data menjadi informasi sesuai dengan keperluan manajemen merupakan suatu proses kegiatan stake holder baik di kalangan instansi pemerintah ataupun swasta yang dimulai dari manajemen dasar (first management), manajemen tingkat sedang (middle management), manajemen puncak (top management).","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":706,"width":128,"height":13,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Konsep Sistem Informasi","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":719,"width":454,"height":78,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sistem informasi dalam suatu pemahaman yang sederhana dapat didefinisikan sebagai satu sistem berbasis komputer yang menyediakan informasi bagi beberapa pemakai dengan kebutuhan yang serupa. Para pemakai biasanya tergabung dalam suatu entitas organisasi formal, seperti Departemen atau Lembaga suatu Instansi Pemerintahan yang dapat dijabarkan menjadi Direktorat, Bidang, Bagian sampai pada unit terkecil dibawahnya. Informasi menjelaskan mengenai organisasi atau salah satu sistem utamanya mengenai apa yang telah","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":14,"width":23,"height":13,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"444","type":"Page header"},{"left":408,"top":14,"width":121,"height":13,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024","type":"Page header"},{"left":72,"top":35,"width":453,"height":26,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"terjadi di masa lalu, apa yang sedang terjadi sekarang dan apa yang mungkin akan terjadi dimasa yang akan datang tentang organisasi tersebut.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":61,"width":454,"height":155,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sistem informasi memuat berbagai informasi penting mengenai orang, tempat, dan segala sesuatu yang ada di dalam atau di lingkungan sekitar organisasi. Informasi sendiri mengandung suatu arti yaitu data yang telah diolah ke dalam suatu bentuk yang lebih memiliki arti dan dapat digunakan untuk pengambilan keputusan. Data sendiri merupakan fakta-fakta yang mewakili suatu keadaan, kondisi, atau peristiwa yang terjadi atau ada di dalam atau di lingkungan fisik organisasi. Data tidak dapat langsung digunakan untuk pengambilan keputusan, melainkan harus lebih dahulu agar dapat dipahami, lalu dimanfaatkan dalam pengambilan keputusan. Informasi harus dikelola dengan baik dan memadai agar memberikan manfaat yang maksimal. Penerapan sistem informasi di dalam suatu organisasi dimaksudkan untuk memberikan dukungan informasi yang dibutuhkan, khususnya oleh para pengguna informasi dari berbagai tingkatan manajemen. Sistem informasi yang digunakan oleh para pengguna dari berbagai tingkatan manajemen ini biasa disebut sebagai Sistem Informasi Manajemen.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":216,"width":454,"height":77,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sistem informasi mengandung tiga aktivitas dasar di dalamnya, yaitu: aktivitas masukan (input), pemrosesan (processing), dan keluaran (output). Tiga aktivitas dasar ini menghasilkan informasi yang dibutuhkan organisasi untuk pengambilan keputusan, pengendalian operasi, analisis permasalahan, dan menciptakan produk atau jasa baru.Masukan berperan di dalam pengumpulan bahan mentah (raw data), baik yang diperoleh dari dalam maupun dari lingkungan sekitar organisasi.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":293,"width":454,"height":65,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pemrosesan berperan untuk mengkonversi bahan mentah menjadi bentuk yang lebih memiliki arti. Sedangkan, keluaran dimaksudkan untuk mentransfer informasi yang diproses kepada pihak-pihak atau aktivitas-aktivitas yang akan menggunakan. Sistem informasi juga membutuhkan umpan balik (feedback), yaitu untuk dasar evaluasi dan perbaikan di tahap input berikutnya.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":358,"width":454,"height":64,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dewasa ini, sistem informasi yang digunakan lebih berfokus pada sistem informasi berbasis komputer (computer-based information system). Harapan yang ingin diperoleh di sini adalah bahwa dengan penggunaan teknologi informasi atau sistem informasi berbasis komputer, informasi yang dihasilkan dapat lebih akurat, berkualitas, dan tepat waktu, sehingga pengambilan keputusan dapat lebih efektif dan efisien.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":422,"width":454,"height":91,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Meskipun sistem informasi berbasis komputer menggunakan teknologi komputer untuk memproses data menjadi informasi yang memiliki arti, ada perbedaan yang cukup tajam antara komputer dan program komputer di satu sisi dengan sistem informasi di sisi lainnya. Komputer dan perangkat lunak komputer yang tersedia merupakan fondasi teknis, alat, dan material dari sistem informasi modern. Komputer dapat dipakai sebagai alat untuk menyimpan dan memproses informasi. Program komputer atau perangkat lunak komputer merupakan seperangkat instruksi operasi yang mengarahkan dan mengendalikan pemrosesan informasi.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":525,"width":158,"height":13,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Implementasi Aplikasi SIMPEG","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":538,"width":454,"height":52,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"SIMPEG merupakan sistem aplikasi multi user, artinya aplikasi ini dapat digunakan secara bersamaan dengan banyak pengguna (user). Untuk itu diperlukan jaringan internet dan komputer yang didukung oleh perangkat lunak (software) dan perangkat keras (hardware) agar sistem dapat berjalan sempurna.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":590,"width":454,"height":65,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Menurut Moekijat (1991) penerapan sistem informasi manajemen kepegawaian dimaksudkan untuk: (1) mendukung kelancaran tugas pokok dan fungsi kepegawaian, (2) Terciptanya sistem informasi yang terpadu, berdayaguna dan berhasil guna. (3) Menentukan arah kebijaksanaan tentang mekanisme koordinasi, komunikasi aliran data dan informasi melalui teknologi informasi.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":654,"width":219,"height":13,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"a) Tujuan Implementasi Aplikasi SIMPEG","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":667,"width":454,"height":39,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Penerapan aplikasi SIMPEG merupakan wujud suatu sistem informasi yang berintegrasi dalam suatu jaringan internet yang mampu menghasilkan informasi yang bermutu untuk menunjang pengambilan keputusan.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":706,"width":454,"height":78,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Agusniar Rizka Luthfia (2009) secara umum aplikasi SIMPEG dalam organisasi pemerintahan dilaksanakan dengan tujuan: (1) mendukung pemanfaatan aplikasi SIMPEG itu sendiri secara rasional serta pengembangan sumber daya manusia aparatur pemerintah, (2) terciptanya data pegawai yang up to date serta terintegrasi, (3) tersedianya informasi pegawai yang akurat untuk keperluan perencanaan pengembangan, kesejateraan, dan pegendalian pegawai, (4) membantu kelancaraan pekerjaan dibidang kepegawaian.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":14,"width":121,"height":13,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024","type":"Page header"},{"left":508,"top":14,"width":21,"height":13,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"445","type":"Page header"},{"left":72,"top":35,"width":13,"height":13,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"b)","type":"Page header"},{"left":108,"top":35,"width":121,"height":13,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Manfaat Aplikasi SIMPEG","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":48,"width":454,"height":129,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pelaksanaan aplikasi SIMPEG tidak hanya terbatas pada pengoperasian program untuk memasukkan data tetapi harus didukung dengan daya kerja yang efisien dan akurat sehingga memiliki manfaat untuk: (1) proses pencarian informasi data pegawai akan mudah dan cepat, (2) pembuatan laporan yang bersifat rutin dan berkala akan cepat dan mudah dikerjakan, (3) mengetahui gambaran tentang nama-nama pegawai yang akan pensiun dimasa mendatang, (4) mengetahui gambaran tentang nama-nama pegawai yang akan naik pangkat dan mengetahui daftar Kenaikan Gaji Berkala (KGB) dimasa mendatang, (4) memudahkan suatu pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan kepegawaian, (5) mendapatkan informasi tentang keadaan pegawai dengan cepat dan akurat, (6) mengetahui dan merencanakan penyebaran pegawai, (7) merencanakan penerimaan pegawai baru (KMA Nomor 344 Tahun 2016).","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":177,"width":289,"height":13,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"c) Komponen Sistem Infromasi Manajemen Kepegawian","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":190,"width":454,"height":142,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Komponen-komponen SIMPEG menurut Keputusan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 17 Tahun 2000 meliputi: (1) perangkat keras (hardware) dalam sistem informasi manajemen kepegawaian meliputi piranti-piranti yang digunakan oleh sistem komputer untuk masukan dan keluaran (input/output device), memory, modem, pengolah (processing), dan peripheral lain, (2) perangkat lunak (software) berupa program-program komputer yang meliputi sistem operasi, bahasa pemrograman, dan program-program aplikasi. (3) sumber daya manusia adalah yang terlibat dalam suatu sistem informasi manajemen kepegawaian meliputi operator, programmer, system analyst, serta individu lain yang terlibat di dalamnya, (4) basis data (database) adalah sekumpulan file yang saling terkait dan membentuk suatu bangun data, (5) jaringan komputer adalah suatu jaringan yang menghubungkan antar komputer agar dapat saling berkomunikasi/ bertukar informasi.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":332,"width":307,"height":13,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"d) Konsep Dasar Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":345,"width":454,"height":26,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Konsep dasar sistem informasi manajemen kepegawaian sama dengan konsep sistem informasi manajemen pada umumnya, yaitu terdiri dari:","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":371,"width":119,"height":13,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1. Masukan (input)","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":384,"width":454,"height":51,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Data-data yang perlu di-input dalam SIMPEG antara lain: “Alamat, daftar riwayat hidup, riwayat, pekerjaan, tanda jasa, pengalaman, keluarga, organisasi, penelitian, indisplin, kenaikan gaji berkala, sasaran kinerja pegawai” (Biro Kepegawaian Kementerian Agama RI, Panduan Penggunaan Sistem Aplikasi Simpeg).","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":435,"width":141,"height":13,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2. Proses (transformasi)","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":448,"width":454,"height":26,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pengolahan data-data yang telah di input sehingga menghasilkan informasi sesuai dengan kebutuhan masing-masing pengguna.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":474,"width":123,"height":13,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3. Keluaran (output)","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":487,"width":454,"height":64,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Informasi yang dihasilkan dalam SIMPEG diantaranya: “Daftar Urut Kepangkatan, Daftar Susunan Kepangkatan, Daftar Kekuatan Pegawaian, Daftar Kenaikan Pangkat Struktural, Daftar Kenaikan Gaji Berkala, Rencana Kenaikan Pangkat, Pendidikan yang telah diikuti, Historis Karir, Laporan Statistik Pegawai, Surat Keputusan” (Biro Kepegawaian Kementerian Agama RI, Panduan Penggunaan Sistem Aplikasi Simpeg).","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":551,"width":309,"height":13,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"4. Karakteristik Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian,","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":564,"width":454,"height":78,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dalam Peraturan Kepala BKN nomor 20 tahun 2008 disebutkan bahwa SIMPEG memiliki karakteristik sebagai berikut: “(1) sistem yang terkoneksi online antara BKN Pusat, regional dan instansi dengan menggunakan jaringan komunikasi data, (2) menggunakan satu basis data PNS yang digunakan secara bersama, (3) menggunakan struktur data dan tabel referensi yang sama sesuai dengan standar yang baku yang disusun BKN Pusat, (4) sistem yang dibangun dapat dikembangkan sesuai dengan kebutuhan instansi pengguna”.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":642,"width":454,"height":51,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sistem informasi manajemen kepegawaian merupakan manajemen kepegawaian yang dikembangkan sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan dirancang sedemikian rupa sehingga mampu menjadi komputerisasi dan modernisasi data pegawai dalam mengelola dan mengorganisasikan data-data pegawai guna optimalisasi manajemen administrasi secara professional","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":706,"width":184,"height":13,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Keamanan Informasi dalam SIMPEG","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":719,"width":454,"height":52,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Instansi pemerintah memiliki kebutuhan untuk menjaga agar sumber daya informasi yang dimiliki tetap aman dan tidak dapat diretas oleh orang-orang yang tidak bertanggungjawab. Keamanan informasi ditujukan untuk mendapatkan kerahasiaan, ketersediaan, keakurasian serta integritas pada semua sumber daya informasi organisasi.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":14,"width":23,"height":13,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"446","type":"Page header"},{"left":408,"top":14,"width":121,"height":13,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024","type":"Page header"},{"left":72,"top":35,"width":166,"height":13,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pengertian Keamanan Informasi","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":48,"width":454,"height":91,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Menurut Raymond McLeod, Jr.& George P. Schell (2009) yang diterjemahkan oleh Ali Akbar Y dan Afia R. F, Istilah keamanan informasi (information security) digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan perlindungan baik peralatan komputer dan nonkomputer, fasilitas, data, dan informasi dari penyalahgunaan pihak yang tidak berwenang. Dari pengertian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa keamanan informasi bukan hanya merujuk kepada keamanan data dan informasi semata melainkan juga keamanan komponen fisik yang mendukung pengelolaan informasi","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":152,"width":170,"height":13,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Manajemen Keamanan Informasi","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":164,"width":454,"height":117,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Seperti halnya cakupan keamanan informasi telah meluas, demikian juga dengan tanggungjawab menejer yang tidak hanya menjaga agar sumber daya informasi aman namun juga diharapkan untuk menjaga instansi tersebut tetap berfungsi untuk menjaga keamanan data dan informasi. Menurut Raymond McLeod, Jr.& George P. Schell (2009) yang diterjemahkan oleh Ali Akbar Y dan Afia R. F, mengemukakan bahwa manajemen keamanan informasi (information security management) adalah: (1) mengidentifikasi ancaman yang dapat menyerang sumber daya informasi perusahaan, (2) mengidentifikasi risiko yang dapat disebabkan oleh ancaman- ancaman tersebut, (3) menentukan kebijakan keamanan informasi, (4) mengimplementasikan pengendalian untuk mengatasi risiko-risiko tersebut.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":293,"width":191,"height":13,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gangguan Terhadap Sistem Informasi","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":306,"width":454,"height":232,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) adalah sebuah divisi di bagian United States Department of Commerce, mengumpulkan beberapa kategori umum dari bentuk serangan terhadap sistem komputerisasi yaitu: “(1) Remote Penetration adalah sebuah program berbasis internet yang berkemapuan untuk masuk mengendalikan suatu komputer dengan cara tidak sah, (2) Local Penetration adalah program-program yang berkemampuan untuk mengakses dengan tidak sah suatu komputer ketika programnya tersebut berjalan, (3) Remote Denial of Service adalah sebuah program yang berjalan pada internet atau sebuah jaringan, dapat men-shutdown suatu komputer yang lain atau mematikan suatu layanan-layanan (services) yang disediakan oleh komputer tersebut, (4) Local Denial of Service adalah program- program yang dapat men shutdown suatu komputer ketika suatu program lain berjalan, (5) Network Scanners adalah program-program yang mampu membuat pemetaan dari sebuah jaringan sehingga komputer-komputer tersebut mudah diserang dan tersedia untuk di eksploitasi, (6) Vulnerability Scanners adalah program-program yang menggunakan internet untuk mencari komputer-komputer lain yang mudah untuk diserang dan ini adalah merupakan tipe-tipe dari bentuk penyerangan. (7) Password Crackers adalah program-program yang mampu menemukan dengan mudah atau menerka suatu password walaupun file passwordnya telah dienkripsi, (8) Sniffers adalah program yang dapat digunakan untuk menyadap data dan informasi melalui jaringan Komputer (Joseph F. Gustin 2004:26)","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":551,"width":181,"height":13,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Metode Gangguan Sistem Informasi","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":564,"width":454,"height":91,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Menurut Eko Nugroho (2008) ada tiga cara untuk melakukan gangguan terhadap sistem informasi, yaitu: (1) pengubahan data cara ini dilakukan dengan mengubah data sebelum atau selama proses dan sesudah proses dari sistem informasi, (2) penyelewengan program yaitu program komputer dimodifikasi untuk maksud kejahatan tertentu yang memiliki beberapa teknik, antara lain virus, (3) penetrasi (hacking atau cracking) yaitu menyadap jalur telekomunikasi dan ikut masuk ke dalam sistem komputer bersama-sama dengan pemakai sistem komputer yang resmi.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":654,"width":454,"height":52,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Teori tersebut diatas dimaksudkan bahwa setiap sistem aplikasi yang digunakan pastinya akan mengalami serangan virus, hacker, ataupun kesalahan dari user atau pengelolanya, olehnya itu perlu cara agar semua permasalahan yang terjadi dapat diatasi dan diminimalisir keberadaannya.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":719,"width":299,"height":13,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Menanggulangi ancaman/ gangguan pada sistem informasi","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":732,"width":454,"height":65,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Ada beberapa cara yang dapat dilakukan dalam menanggulangi ancaman/gangguan pada sistem informasi diantaranya: (1) membina internal user, (2) memasang pengendalian-pengendalian di sistem informasi, (3) memeriksa efektivitas pengendalian-pengendalian di sistem informasi, (4) merencanakan akibat gangguan (disaster recovery planning)” (Bramantya Mahardika Angga Arista 2010).","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":14,"width":121,"height":13,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024","type":"Page header"},{"left":508,"top":14,"width":21,"height":13,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"447","type":"Page header"},{"left":72,"top":35,"width":454,"height":78,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berdasarkan pemaparan tentang keamanan sistem informasi dapat ditanggulangi dengan cara membuat sistem dengan mengatur bagaimana jika terjadi force majure (kebakaran, huru-hara, bencana alam), membuat standar sistem backup, membuat aturan dengan menerapkan kegiatan backup secara berkala atau menggunakan sistem cadangan, membuat aturan baku tentang akses komputer dan jaringan secara langsung misalnya kabel, server yang diletakkan di ruangan khusus, dan lain-lain.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":126,"width":125,"height":13,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pengambilan Keputusan","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":139,"width":454,"height":90,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Menurut Salusu (2004) pengambilan keputusan adalah suatu proses memilih alternatif cara bertindak dengan metode yang efisien sesuai situasi. Ketika keputusan sudah dibuat, sesuatu yang baru mulai terjadi. Dengan kata lain, keputusan mempercepat diambil tindakan, serta mendorong lahirnya gerakan dan perubahan (Hill et al., dalam Salusu 2004). Harus ada tindakan yang dibuat saat tiba waktunya dan tindakan itu tidak dapat ditunda. Sekali keputusan dibuat, harus diberlakukan dan kalau tidak, sebenarnya itu bukanlah keputusan, tetapi lebih tepat dikatakan suatu hasrat, niat yang baik (Drucker & Hoy, dalam Salusu, 2004).","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":229,"width":454,"height":142,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Harris (1998) menjabarkan pengambilan keputusan sebagai: “Decision making is the study of identifying and choosing alternatives based on the values and preferences of the decision maker. Decision making is the process of sufficiently reducing uncertainty and doubt about alternatives to allow a reasonable choice to be made from among them”. Dari definisi di atas maka dapat dikatakan bahwa pengambilan keputusan merupakan suatu proses mengidentifikasi dan memilih alternatif berdasarkan nilai-nilai dan preferensi yang dimiliki. Hal ini berarti bahwa dalam pengambilan keputusan terdapat alternatif pilihan yang tidak hanya harus diidentifikasi tetapi juga dipilih, dan pemilihannya sesuai dengan nilai, tujuan, gaya hidup dan lain sebagainya sebagaimana yang dianut pengambil keputusan. Proses yang terjadi pada pengambilan keputusan bertujuan untuk menekan ketidakpastian dan keraguan atas alternatif pilihan (Harris, 1998).","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":371,"width":454,"height":77,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Janis & Mann (1977) menyebutkan bahwa pengambilan keputusan merupakan pemecahan konflik dan terhindar dari faktor situasional: “Decision making as a matter of conflict resolution and avoidance behaviors due to situational factors”. Berdasarkan definisi-definisi di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengambilan keputusan adalah proses mengidentifikasikan alternatif yang ada sehingga dapat dipilih yang paling sesuai dengan nilai dan tujuan individu untuk mendapatkan solusi dari masalah tertentu.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":448,"width":454,"height":65,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Menurut Handoko (2009) pengambilan keputusan adalah bagian kunci kegiatan manajer. Kegiatan ini memegang peranan penting terutama bila pimpinan melaksanakan fungsi perencanaan. Dalam proses perencanaan, manajer memutuskan tujuan-tujuan organisasi yang akan dicapai, sumber daya yang akan digunakan, dan siapa yang akan melaksanakan tugas tersebut.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":513,"width":454,"height":77,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Menurut Gibson dkk (1997) dalam Sumijatun (2009) keputusan merupakan tanggapan manajer terhadap permasalahan. Setiap keputusan adalah akibat dari proses dinamis yang dipengaruhi oleh banyak kekuatan termasuk lingkungan organisasi dan pengetahuan, kecakapan dan motivasi manajer. Pengambilan keputusan adalah proses pemikiran dan pertimbangan yang mendalam, dan proses yang melibatkan pendekatan sistematik dengan langkah-langkah yang berurutan.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":590,"width":453,"height":39,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pengambilan keputusan merupakan proses kognitif yang kompleks dan sering didefinisikan sebagai suatu upaya memutuskan serangkaian tindakan tertentu. Pengambilan keputusan sering dianggap sinonim dengan manajemen (Marquis & Huston, 2010).","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":629,"width":453,"height":38,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pengertian di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengambilan keputusan adalah suatu proses berpikir dalam menentukan pilihan terbaik untuk menyelesaikan suatu masalah dengan langkah-langkah yang berurutan.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":680,"width":159,"height":13,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Model Pengambilan Keputusan","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":693,"width":453,"height":13,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Terdapat beberapa jenis model pengambilan keputusan menurut para ahli yaitu sebagai berikut:","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":706,"width":119,"height":13,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"a) Metode Normatif","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":719,"width":454,"height":78,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Menurut Swanburg (2000) model normatif untuk pembuatan keputusan ini tidak realistis karena asumsinya jelas memilih diantara alternative yang teridentifikasi. Ada tujuh langkah untuk membuat keputusan dalam model analisis ini: a) menemukan dan menganalisis masalah, b) mengidentifikasi semua alternatif yang memungkinkan, c) mengevaluasi pro dan kontra dari masing-masing alternatif, d) mengurutkan alternatif, e) memilih alternatif yang dapat memaksimalkan kepuasaan, f) pelaksanaan, g) evaluasi.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":797,"width":153,"height":13,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"b) Model Pohon Keputusan","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":14,"width":23,"height":13,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"448","type":"Page header"},{"left":408,"top":14,"width":121,"height":13,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024","type":"Page header"},{"left":72,"top":35,"width":454,"height":78,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Vroom menggunakan jawaban untuk tujuh pertanyaan diagnostik dalam bentuk pohon keputusan untuk mengidentifikasi tipe-tipe gaya kepemimpinan yang digunakan dalam model manajemen pembuatan keputusan. Pertanyaan berfokus pada perlindungan kualitas dan penerimaan keputusan dan kesesuaian yang adekuat dari informasi, keseuaian tujuan, struktur masalah, penerimaan oleh subordinat, konflik, keadilan, dan prioritas implementasi (Swanburg, 2000).","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":113,"width":123,"height":13,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"c) Metode Deskriptif","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":126,"width":454,"height":116,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Simon mengembangkan model ini didasarkan pada asumsi bahwa pembuat keputusan adalah seseorang yang melihat masalah secara rasional dalam membuat solusi yang bisa dilakukan yang didasarkan pada informasi yang diketahuinya. Model ini dapat digunakan untuk membuat berbagai keputusan yang informasinya tidak lengkap diakibatkan karena keterbatasan waktu, uang, atau orang dan kenyataan bahwa orang tidak selalu memilih yang paling baik (Swanburg, 2000). Ada lima langkah pengambilan keputusan dalam model dekripsi: a) menetapkan tujuan yang dapat diterima, b) menguraikan persepsi subjektif tentang masalah, c) mengidentifikasi alternatif yang bisa diterima, d) mengevaluasi setiap alternatif, e) menyeleksi alternatif, f) menerapkan keputusan, g) evaluasi (Swanburg, 2000).","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":255,"width":215,"height":13,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Langkah-langkah Pengambilan Keputusan","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":268,"width":454,"height":38,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gambaran unik proses pengambilan keputusan yang dilakukan seseorang dapat dilihat dari tahap-tahap yang dilaluinya sebelum sampai pada keputusan akhir. Hal ini berbeda-beda pada setiap individu dan tergantung pada pola seseorang dalam menghadapi masalahnya.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":306,"width":453,"height":26,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Janis & Mann (1977) memperkenalkan lima tahapan dalam proses pengambilan keputusan, yang terdiri atas:","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":332,"width":115,"height":13,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"a) Menilai Masalah","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":345,"width":454,"height":103,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tahap ini meliputi pengenalan terhadap masalah, mencari informasi atau kejadian yang dapat memberikan pengaruh positif atau negatif bagi tindakan yang akan dilakukan, menemukan tujuan yang ingin dicapai bagi penyelesaian masalah yang kompleks. Ada beberapa faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi penilaian masalah pada tahap ini, yaitu sumber masalah untuk dapat dipercaya, kejelasan masalah, dan kepribadian serta mood seseorang waktu menilai permasalahan yang ada. Pada tahap ini, pertanyaan kunci atau inti yang dapat diajukan untuk melihat suatu keputusan yang akan diambil adalah: “Adakah risiko serius yang akan timbul jika saya tidak melakukan perubahan?”.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":448,"width":211,"height":13,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"b) Menilai alternatif-alternatif yang ada","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":461,"width":454,"height":129,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Setelah seseorang merasa yakin terhadap informasi yang berkaitan dengan masalahnya, dia mulai memusatkan perhatian pada berbagai alternatif pilihan yang ada. Seseorang juga berusaha mencari masukan dan informasi dari orang lain yang memiliki pengetahuan yang berhubungan dengan masalahnya. Selain itu, ia juga akan semakin memberikan perhatian pada informasi yang relevan di media massa. Hal yang paling penting pada tahap ini adalah sikap terbuka dan fleksibilitas.Hal itu berguna dalam mengumpulkan seluruh kemungkinan alternatif, baik yang nyata maupun tidak nyata.Faktor yang mempengaruhi jalannya tahap kedua ini adalah mengumpulkan seluruh kemungkinan alternatif, dan efisiensi pencarian keterangan mengenai alternatif yang ada.Pertanyaan kunci pada tahap ini adalah “Apakah saya telah melihat dan mempertimbangkan seluruh alternatif yang ada?”.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":590,"width":141,"height":13,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"c) Menimbang Alternatif","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":603,"width":454,"height":77,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pada tahap ini, seorang pengambil keputusan mulai mengevaluasi seluruh pilihan yang ada berdasarkan konsekuensi dan kemungkinan untuk dilakukan. Mengenai konsekuensi tindakannya, seseorang melihat kemungkinan manfaat dan pengorbanan yang harus diterima. Ketika seseorang menyadari bahwa terdapat kemungkinan terjadinya penyesalan di masa mendatang, ia pun menjadi semakin berhati-hati dalam menimbang alternatif-alternatif yang ada.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":680,"width":454,"height":91,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Karakteristik seseorang yang berada pada tahap ini adalah munculnya ketidakpuasan atas tindakan yang mungkin telah dilakukan dan ketidakinginan untuk komit atas alternatif- alternatif. Meskipun seseorang mulai merasa yakin atas pilihan yang terbaik, biasanya menjadi responsif atas informasi baru yang penting. Tahap ini dipengaruhi oleh adanya keahlian/keterampilan yang dimiliki seseorang sebelumnya yang dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan seseorang untuk meperhitungkan seluruh kemungkinan secara akurat.Pertanyaan kunci pada tahap ini adalah “Apa alternatif yang terbaik bagi saya?”.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":771,"width":135,"height":13,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"d) Membuat Komitmen","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":784,"width":453,"height":26,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tahap ini ditandai dengan penumpukan tegangan dalam mempertimbangkan banyaknya alternatif. Hal ini hanya dapat diatasi dengan membuat komitmen terhadap pilihan. Setelah","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":14,"width":121,"height":13,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024","type":"Page header"},{"left":508,"top":14,"width":21,"height":13,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"449","type":"Page header"},{"left":72,"top":35,"width":454,"height":181,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"membuat komitmen, pengambil keputusan pun mulai mempertimbangkan untuk mengimplementasikan komitmennya dan memberitahu orang lain mengenai keputusan yang diambilnya. Pengambil keputusan menyadari bahwa cepat atau lambat, orang lain dalam jaringan sosialnya akan mengetahui mengenai keputusan yang diambilnya, dan ia juga menyadari bahwa ketika ia mengimplementasikan dan mengungkapkan keputusannya, maka ia akan terkait dengan keputusannya. Dengan demikian pada saat pengambilan keputusan, membuat langkah awal untuk membuat suatu komitmen, ia mengantisipasi kemungkinan kehilangan harga diri jika ia gagal menjalankan keputusan yang sudah dibuatnya, ia menjadi lebih termotivasi untuk mendukung dan mengkonsolidasi keputusannya dengan cara-cara yang dapat membantunya untuk mengimplementasikan keputusannya dengan kekuatiran yang minim. Dengan demikian, tahap ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh orang-orang atau kelompok yang dianggap penting oleh pengambil keputusan. Pertanyaan yang menjadi kunci pada tahap ini adalah “Kapan saya dapat mengimplementasikan alternatif terbaik dan membiarkan orang lain tahu keputusan saya?”.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":216,"width":454,"height":142,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"e) Tetap Melakukan Komitmen Meskipun Ada Umpan Balik yang Negatif Setiap keputusan yang diambil seseorang mengandung risiko (nilai negatif), yang penting adalah tidak bereaksi berlebihan terhadap kritik atau kekecewaan yang mungkin timbul. Pertanyaan kunci: “Apakah risiko itu menjadi serius jika saya melakukan perubahan? Apakah risiko itu menjadi suatu hal yang serius jika saya melakukan perubahan?”. Dari tahapan-tahapan tersebut dapat dilihat bahwa seseorang akan sangat berhati-hati dan sangat mempertimbangkan segala sesuatu untung atau ruginya sebelum mengambil suatu keputusan yang akan menjadi sebuah komitmen dalam hidupnya. Komitmen tersebut haruslah dilakukan dengan serius dan sungguh-sungguh meskipun akan memberikan efek yang negatif. Jika komitmen tidak dilakukan, maka itu bukanlah suatu keputusan, tapi hanya sebatas hasrat atau keinginan.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":371,"width":162,"height":13,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Proses Pengambilan Keputusan","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":384,"width":454,"height":90,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Janis & Mann (1977) mengemukakan, pada umumnya individu akan menghadapi konflik dalam mengambil suatu keputusan yang sangat penting. Munculnya konflik membuat pengambil keputusan akan sangat berhati-hati dalam mengambil keputusan untuk menghadapi risiko yang akan muncul. Konflik-konflik tersebut juga akan mempengaruhi individu untuk menerima atau menolak tindakan yang harus dilakukan sesuai keputusan yang dibuat. Simptom yang dominan muncul adalah keragu-raguan, kebimbangan, ketidakpastian, dan tanda-tanda stres ketika keputusan ditetapkan.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":474,"width":454,"height":52,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sesuai dengan hal tersebut, metode yang efektif dalam pengambilan keputusan adalah metode yang menggunakan conflict-theory model, dapat melihat segala konsekuensi yang mungkin terjadi ketika mengambil satu keputusan tertentu. Hal ini tergantung dari jawaban individu yang mengambil keputusan tersebut terhadap empat pertanyaan dasar dalam metode ini.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":525,"width":454,"height":168,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Metode ini mencakup tiga hal besar yang harus diperhatikan, yaitu antecendent conditions (kondisi-kondisi yang mendahului), mediating processes (proses-proses yang terjadi), dan consequences (akibat-akibatnya). Banyak hal yang mempengaruhi ketiga hal tersebut, baik internal maupun eksternal.Antecendent conditions sangat dipengaruhi oleh variabel komunikasi seseorang, yang kemudian sangat mempengaruhi mediating processes. Oleh sebab itu, variabel komunikasi ini sangat diperhatikan dalam satu proses pengambilan keputusan. Faktor-faktor lain yang mempengaruhi antecendent conditions dapat berupa faktor situasional dan juga variabel kepribadian dan karakteristikkarakteristik lain dari seorang pengambil keputusan (Elms dalam Janis & Mann, 1977). Semua faktor ini sangat mempengaruhi kesediaan pengambil keputusan untuk memberikan jawaban-jawaban yang positif atau negatif terhadap keempat pertanyaan dasar tersebut. Keunikan dari model ini adalah spesifikasi kondisikondisi yang ada, berhubungan dengan konflik, harapan, dan waktu tertekan yang mengantarai pola pengambilan keputusan yang khusus.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":693,"width":454,"height":65,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kelima tahapan pengambilan keputusan menurut Janis & Mann (1977), yang telah dijelaskan di atas akan menunjukkan suatu proses yang unik dari tahap pertama ke tahap berikutnya, demikian seterusnya sampai tahap kelima. Proses yang terjadi dari satu tahapan ke tahapan berikutnya akan menggambarkan sisi negatif dan sisi positif yang mungkin terjadi dari jawaban setiap pertanyaan yang diajukan.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":758,"width":454,"height":52,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Proses pengambilan keputusan tersebut akan menunjukkan kondisi-kondisi yang terjadi sebelumnya, kemudian proses apa saja yang akan muncul, serta apa yang menjadi akibatnya. Hal ini menolong pengambil keputusan untuk meneliti dan menganalisa setiap jawaban yang diberikan terhadap pertanyaan-pertanyaan dari setiap proses yang terjadi. Jawaban itu akhirnya","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":14,"width":23,"height":13,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"450","type":"Page header"},{"left":408,"top":14,"width":121,"height":13,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024","type":"Page header"},{"left":72,"top":35,"width":453,"height":26,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"akan mengarahkan pengambil keputusan kepada satu keputusan akhir, yang akan dianut dalam hidupnya, dengan setiap konsekuensi yang mungkin terjadi.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":61,"width":453,"height":52,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Selanjutnya Marquis & Huston (2010) menyebutkan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pengambilan keputusan, perlu digunakan model proses yang adekuat sebagai dasar teori untuk memahami dan mengaplikasikan keterampilan berpikir kritis. Ada lima langkah kritis dalam penyelesaian masalah dan pengambilan keputusan, yaitu:","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":113,"width":454,"height":64,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"a) Penetapan tujuan; Penetapan tujuan harus jelas dan konsisten dengan pernyataan filosofi individu atau organisasi. Jika aspek tersebut tidak terpenuhi, maka kemungkinan keputusan yang dibuat berkualitas buruk. Handoko (2009) mengemukakan hal pertama yang harus dilakukan seorang manajer adalah menemukan dan memahami masalah untuk diselesaikan agar perumusan masalah menjadi jelas.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":177,"width":454,"height":78,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"b) Mengumpulkan data secara cermat; Setelah manajer menentukan atau merumuskan masalah dan tujuan, manajer harus menentukan data-data yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat keputusan yang tepat (Handoko, 2009). Pengumpulan data dimulai dengan mengidentifikasi masalah atau kesempatan untuk mengambil keputusan dan berlanjut ke proses penyelesaian masalah. Ketika mengumpulkan informasi, manajer harus berhati-hati agar data yang dimilikinya dan orang lain tidak salah fakta (Marquis & Huston, 2010).","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":255,"width":453,"height":103,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"c) Membuat banyak alternatif; Semakin banyak alternatif yang dapat dibuat dalam penyelesaian masalah dan pengambilan keputusan, semakin besar kesempatan menghasilkan keputusan akhir. Dengan tidak membatasi hanya pada satu alternatif yang jelas, orang akan mampu untuk menerobos pola kebiasaan atau pengekangan berpikir dan memungkinkan munculnya gagasan baru (Merquis & Huston, 2010). Menurut Handoko (2009) setelah membuat alternatif keputusan, manajer harus mengevaluasi alternatif tersebut untuk menilai keefektifitasannya, dan langkah selanjutnya adalah memilih alternatis terbaik yang akan digunakan dalam pengambilan keputusan.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":358,"width":454,"height":64,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"d) Berpikir logis; Selama proses penyelesaian masalah, seseorang harus menarik inferensi (simpulan) informasi dan mempertimbangakan informasi serta alternatif secara cermat. Kesalahan berlogika pada titik ini akan mengarahkan pada kualitas keputusan yang buruk. Ada beberapa cara berpikir yang tidak logis, seperti: terlalu menggeneralisasi, afirmasi konsekuensi, dan berargumen dengan analogi (Marquis & Huston, 2010).","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":422,"width":454,"height":65,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"e) karena mereka kurang berani untuk menghadapi konsekuensi pilihan yang mereka ambil (Marquis & Huston, 2010). Pada tahap ini manajer perlu memperhatikan berbagai resiko dan ketidakpastian sebagai konsekuensi keputusan yang telah dibuat, karena dengan mengambil langkah tersebut manajer dapat menentukan kegiatan-kegiatan yang diperlukan untuk menanggulangi hambatan dan tantangan yang akan terjadi (Handoko, 2009)","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":500,"width":81,"height":13,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"D. Kesimpulan","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":525,"width":454,"height":52,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan peneliti tentang “Analisis Implementasi Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian (SIMPEG) untuk Mendukung e-Government pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara”, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa:","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":577,"width":454,"height":65,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1) Implementasi aplikasi SIMPEG (Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian) dalam mendukung e-Government pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara telah menjadi acuan pimpinan dalam hal promosi, mutasi, dan rotasi jabatan. Aplikasi ini dapat berjalan dengan baik dengan ketersediaan sumber daya manusia, sumber daya perangkat lunak, sumber daya perangkat keras serta sumber daya jaringan internet.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":642,"width":454,"height":103,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2) Komitmen pimpinan untuk mewujudkan layanan pemerintahan berbasis elektronik (e- Government) khususnya aplikasi SIMPEG (Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian) dalam pengambilan keputusan pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara yaitu sajian data aplikasi SIMPEG sangat membantu dalam pengelolaan data pegawai dan pemetaan jabatan sehingga pimpinan terus melakukan optimalisasi pengembangan dari berbagai segi meliputi sumber daya manusia, sumber daya perangkat lunak, sumber daya perangkat keras, sumber daya jaringan, dan sistem keamanan data pegawai pada aplikasi SIMPEG.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":758,"width":31,"height":13,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Saran","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":771,"width":454,"height":39,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berdasarkan kesimpulan yang telah dikemukakan, maka ada beberapa saran yang diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan masukan untuk perbaikan dalam penerapan aplikasi SIMPEG untuk mewujudkan layanan pemerintahan berbasis elektronik (e-Government) di Kanwil Kementerian","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":14,"width":121,"height":13,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024","type":"Page header"},{"left":508,"top":14,"width":21,"height":13,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"451","type":"Page header"},{"left":72,"top":35,"width":454,"height":26,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Adapun saran-saran yang peneliti sampaikan adalah sebagai berikut:","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":61,"width":454,"height":65,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1. Bagi pimpinan pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara hendaknya membuat evaluasi penilaian hasil yang telah tercapai sehingga tujuan program dapat berjalan secara maksimal. Selain itu dalam memberikan kesempatan kursus dan pelatihan pegawai, sebaiknya disesuaikan dengan tugas pokok dan fungsi yang diemban masing-masing pegawai.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":126,"width":454,"height":77,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2. Bagi seluruh ASN Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara hendaknya meningkatkan keikutsertaannya dalam mendukung seluruh program yang dilaksanakan Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara khususnya dalam implementasi SIMPEG. Disamping itu sebagai tenaga kepegawaian diharapkan lebih kreatif dan inovatif dalam mengembangkan diri tentang pengetahuan teknologi informasi dan yang terkait implementasi aplikasi SIMPEG.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":203,"width":454,"height":52,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3. Bagi instansi pemerintah ataupun swasta sekiranya pengimplentasian aplikasi SIMPEG dapat dilakukan dalam penataan struktur organisasi yang ada, karena dengan sistem ini dapat mempermudah kinerja pegawai dan sangat menunjang perkembangan suatu organisasi yang terus dihadapkan dengan era kemajuan zaman.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":255,"width":453,"height":38,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"4. Bagi peneliti lain yang hendak melakukan penelitian yang serupa diharapkan untuk dapat melakukan penelitian yang lebih dalam lagi mengenai sistem informasi manajemen kepegawaian.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":306,"width":62,"height":13,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"E. Referensi","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":332,"width":454,"height":39,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Amsyah, Z. (2002). Manajemen Sistem Informasi , Gramendia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta. Davis, G, B. (1997). Kerangka Dasar Sistem Informasi Manajemen, Edisi Pertama , PT Pustaka Binaman Pressindo, Jakarta Pusat.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":371,"width":454,"height":39,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Davis, G. B. (1985). Kerangka Dasar SIM bag I. Jakarta: PT. Pustaka Binaman Pressindo. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. (1999). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Balai Pustaka, Jakarta.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":409,"width":454,"height":52,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dewi, F. R., dkk. (2022). “Implementation E-Government In Employment Management Information System In The Regional Office Of The Ministry Of Law And Human Rights West Java, Indonesia” : International Journal of Social Science IJSS. ISSN: 2798-3463 ISSN-P 2798- 4079.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":461,"width":454,"height":52,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Eko Indrajit, R. (2014). Manajemen Organisasi dan Tata Kelola Teknologi Informasi, Edisi Pertama, Graha Ilmu, Yogyakarta. Gibson, J. L. John M, Ivancevich, James H. Donelly. Jr. (1985). Organizations. Fifth Edition . Piano Texas: Business Publication, Inc.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":513,"width":454,"height":38,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Hamalik, O. (1993). Pengelolaan Sistem Informasi. Bandung: PT. Tri Genda Karya. Handayaningrat, S. (1996). Pengantar Studi Ilmu Administrasi dan Manajemen .Jakarta: PT. Toko Gunung Agung.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":551,"width":422,"height":13,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Heidjrachman & Suad, H. (2002). Manajemen Personalia, Edisi Keempat , BPFE, Yogyakarta.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":564,"width":454,"height":26,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Keputusan Mendagri No. 17/2000 Tentang Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian DEPDAGRI dan Pemda","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":590,"width":452,"height":26,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Komorotomo, W., & Margono, S. A. (2009). Sistem Informasi Manajemen Dalam Organisasi- organisasi Publik . Gadjahmada University Press, Yogyakarta.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":616,"width":454,"height":51,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"McLeod. J. R., & Schell, G. P. (2008). Sistem Informasi Manajemen . Salemba Empat, Jakarta. Moekijat. (1991). Pengantar Sistem Informasi Manajemen . PT Remaja Rosdakarya, Bandung. Moleong, L. J. (2012). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif, Edisi Ketiga Puluh , PT Remaja Rosdakarya, Bandung.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":667,"width":454,"height":52,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Nugroho, E. (2008). Sistem Informasi Manajemen , Andi, Yogyakarta. Para, S. D. A, dkk. (2022). “Management of Personnel Administration through the Employee History Application System (SARIP) at Tomohon Regional Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency” : Journal of Social Science . ISSN : P 2720-9938 E 2721-5202.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":719,"width":454,"height":26,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Ramli, M. (2015). Manajemen Pelayanan Publik Berbasis Kemanusiaan, Edisi Ketiga , Alauddin University Press, Makassar.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":745,"width":454,"height":52,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Raymond M. L. J. (1996). Sistem Informasi Manajemen Studi Sistem Informasi Berbasis Komputer Jilid I.& II (Hendra Teguh) . Jakarta: PT. Prenhallindo. Rochaety, E. (2007). Metodologi Penelitian Bisnis: Dengan Aplikasi SPSS, Edisi Pertama , Mitra Wacana Media, Jakarta.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":14,"width":23,"height":13,"page_number":16,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"452","type":"Page header"},{"left":408,"top":14,"width":121,"height":13,"page_number":16,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024","type":"Page header"},{"left":72,"top":35,"width":454,"height":26,"page_number":16,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Siagian, S. P. (1997). Organisasi, Kepemimpinan & Perilaku Administrasi . Jakarta: PT. Toko Gunung Agung.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":61,"width":454,"height":39,"page_number":16,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Simangunsong, F., & Ratu, D. A. (2018) “Program Implementation Of E-Government-Based Village Administration And Information System In West Sumba Regency” : Asian Journal of Management Sciences & Education . ISSN: 2186-845X ISSN: 2186-8441 Print.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":100,"width":416,"height":90,"page_number":16,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sugiono. (2009). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D, Alfabeta, Bandung. Sugiyono. (2002). Metode Penelitian Administrasi. Bandung: Alfabeta. Suryadi, K., & Ramdhani, M. A. (2000). Sistem Pendukung Keputusan . Bandung: Rosda. Sutanta, E. (2003). Sistem Informasi Manajemen. Edisi Pertama, Gema Ilmu Yogyakarta. Syamsi, I. (2000). Pengambilan Keeputusan dan Sistem Informasi . Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. Wahyono, T. (2004). Computer Based Information System. Edisi Kedua , PT Indeks, Jakarta. Widjaja, A. W. (1990). Administrasi Kepegawaian , Rajawali, Jakarta.","type":"Text"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"left\": 507,\n \"top\": 16,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"437\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 174,\n \"top\": 35,\n \"width\": 256,\n \"height\": 38,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Arus Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora (AJSH)\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 177,\n \"top\": 73,\n \"width\": 251,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Website: http://jurnal.ardenjaya.com/index.php/ajsh Email: jurnal.ajsh@ardenjaya.com\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 73,\n \"top\": 125,\n \"width\": 449,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Analisis Implementasi Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian (SIMPEG) untuk Mendukung e-Government pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 228,\n \"top\": 187,\n \"width\": 67,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"INFO PENULIS\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 77,\n \"top\": 211,\n \"width\": 218,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Muhammad Syarif Muin Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Enam-Enam Kendari syariifmuin3@gmail.com\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 77,\n \"top\": 258,\n \"width\": 218,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Abd. Azis Muthalib Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Enam-Enam Kendari\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 77,\n \"top\": 293,\n \"width\": 222,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Nofal Supriaddin Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Enam-Enam Kendari\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 303,\n \"top\": 187,\n \"width\": 68,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"INFO ARTIKEL\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 303,\n \"top\": 211,\n \"width\": 191,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ISSN: 2808-1307 Vol. 4, No. 2, Agustus 2024 http://jurnal.ardenjaya.com/index.php/ajsh\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 319,\n \"top\": 328,\n \"width\": 205,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"© 2024 Arden Jaya Publisher All rights reserved\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 352,\n \"width\": 123,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Saran Penulisan Referensi:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 364,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Muin, M. S., Muthalib, A. A., & Supriaddin, N. (2023). Analisis Implementasi Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian (SIMPEG) untuk Mendukung e-Government pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Arus Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora, 4 (2), 437-452.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 279,\n \"top\": 441,\n \"width\": 39,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Abstrak\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 109,\n \"top\": 464,\n \"width\": 381,\n \"height\": 235,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengetahui implementasi aplikasi SIMPEG (Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian) dalam mendukung e-Government pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara dan Komitmen pimpinan dalam mewujudkan layanan pemerintahan berbasis elektronik (e- Government) khususnya aplikasi SIMPEG (Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian) dalam pengambilan keputusan pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ada dua yaitu sumber primer dan sumber sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan secara langsung di lokasi penelitian melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Data terhimpun dianalisis menggunakan metode induktif dan metode deduktif, dengan langkah-langkah reduksi data, sajian data, penarikan simpulan dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Implementasi aplikasi SIMPEG (Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian) dalam mendukung e-Government pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara didukung oleh komponen-komponen pendukung sistem yang terdiri dari sumber daya manusia, sumber daya perangkat lunak, sumber daya perangkat keras, dan sumber daya jaringan (2) Pimpinan pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara untuk mewujudkan layanan pemerintahan berbasis elektronik (e- Government) berkomitmen memanfaatkan data aplikasi SIMPEG dalam pengambilan keputusan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 109,\n \"top\": 710,\n \"width\": 198,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kata Kunci : Aplikasi, e-Government, SIMPEG\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 23,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"438\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 408,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 121,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 384,\n \"width\": 90,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"A. Pendahuluan\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 409,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 91,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pelaksanaan pembangunan nasional membutuhkan sumber daya manusia yang handal dan profesional dalam pembangunan di segala bidang dan salah satunya di bidang pemerintahan. Pemerintahan merupakan suatu bentuk organisasi dan hanya berfungsi jika manusia yang menghimpun dirinya saling berinteraksi dengan baik dalam mewujudkan analisis jabatan dan analisis beban kerjanya di instansi pemerintah. Demikian pula dengan instansi pemerintahan hanya dapat mewujudkan visi dan misinya apabila didukung oleh Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) yang profesional.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 500,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 155,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kedudukan dan peranan PNS sangat penting dan menentukan bagi perkembangan organisasi karena pegawai negeri adalah unsur aparatur negara, abdi negara sekaligus abdi masyarakat untuk menyelenggarakan pemerintahan dan pembangunan dalam rangka mencapai tujuan nasional. Organisasi harus selalu disesuaikan dengan perkembangan tugas pokok yang harus dilaksanakan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut. Karena tugas pokok selalu berkembang seiring kemajuan era. Perkembangan tugas pokok dapat mengakibatkan makin besarnya jumlah PNS yang diperlukan, dengan makin besarnya jumlah PNS maka diperlukan pula manajemen kepegawaian yang teratur dan terencana untuk kelancaran penyelenggaraan pemerintahan dan pelaksanaan pembangunan nasional terutama kesempurnaan kinerja PNS dalam melakukan optimalisasi pelayanan publik yang dilakukan oleh birokrasi pemerintah bukanlah pekerjaan mudah karena menyangkut berbagai aspek yang telah membudaya dalam lingkaran birokrasi pemerintahan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 654,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 91,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dalam perkembangannya implementasi e-Government dikalangan pemerintahan menjadi sebuah trend diseluruh penyelenggaraan pemerintahan. Hampir keseluruhan jenis aplikasi yang dipergunakan pasti melibatkan pengolahan data menjadi informasi yang selanjutnya akan dipergunakan oleh pemerintah ataupun stakeholders dalam proses pengambilan keputusan. Didalam pemerintahan hampir setiap hari para birokrat di pemerintahan harus mengambil keputusan-keputusan penting yang menyangkut hajat hidup orang banyak dan keberlangsungan/ keberadaan pemerintahan yang bersangkutan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 745,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Implementasi teknologi informasi dalam pengolahan data pegawai saat ini harus diupayakan semenjak keterdesakan akan kebutuhan informasi yang aktual dan akurat dalam pengambilan keputusan oleh pimpinan. Karena pentingnya pengelolaan data pegawai dalam subeuah organisai dalam pemerintahan, maka peningkatan kualitas pengelolaan kepegawaian\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 278,\n \"top\": 35,\n \"width\": 41,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Abstract\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 109,\n \"top\": 59,\n \"width\": 379,\n \"height\": 223,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"This research aims to determine the implementation of the SIMPEG (Personnel Management Information System) application in supporting e-Government at the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of Southeast Sulawesi Province and the leadership's commitment to realizing electronic-based government services (e- Government), especially the SIMPEG (Personnel Management Information System) application. ) in decision making at the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of Southeast Sulawesi Province. This type of research is qualitative research. There are two data sources used in this research, namely primary sources and secondary sources. Data collection techniques were carried out directly at the research location through observation, interviews and documentation. The collected data was analyzed using inductive methods and deductive methods, with steps for data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions and verification. The results show that: (1) The implementation of the SIMPEG (Personnel Management Information System) application in supporting e-Government at the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of Southeast Sulawesi Province is supported by system support components consisting of human resources, software resources, hardware resources and network resources (2) Leadership at the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of Southeast Sulawesi Province to realize electronic-based government services (e-Government) is committed to utilizing SIMPEG application data in decision making\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 109,\n \"top\": 293,\n \"width\": 208,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Keywords : Application, e-Government, SIMPEG\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 121,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 508,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 21,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"439\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 35,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"melalui aplikasi Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian (SIMPEG) merupakan salah satu prioritas dalam tahapan pengembangan pemerintahan yang e-Government .\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 61,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 78,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan beberapa uraian di atas, PNS perlu diatur secara menyeluruh dengan menerapkan pengaturan sistem manajemen kepegawaian yang standar dan seragam, hal tersebut memerlukan dukungan aplikasi yang memadai. Dengan adanya aplikasi SIMPEG yang mampu menyediakan data dan informasi yang mudah dan cepat yang berhubungan dengan kepegawaian serta terciptanya kesesuaian antara arus informasi dengan sistem pengolahan data yang diterapkan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 139,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 64,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Aplikasi SIMPEG memiliki peran penting dalam memberikan layanan kepada seluruh kalangan yang ada karena pegawai merupakan aset penting dalam penyelenggaraan organisasi yang perlu dikelola dengan baik. Pengelolaan pegawai yang baik dalam lingkup kecil akan meningkatkan kinerja pegawai dalam lingkup yang lebih besar dan akan membawa perbaikan kinerja pemerintah secara keseluruhan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 203,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 116,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Secara spesifik tujuan dari pengembangan aplikasi SIMPEG adalah untuk mendukung integritas data, kemudahan pengaksesan, dan kemudahan pengelolaan sehingga dapat mendukung kelancaran pelaksanaan dan fungsi dalam bidang administrasi kepegawaian yang efektif dan efisien. Dengan adanya aplikasi SIMPEG diharapkan kecepatan dan ketepatan pelayanan dapat ditingkatkan. Kebanyakan sistem pengolahan aplikasi pada mulanya mengikuti rancangan sistem pengolahan manual dimana setiap penerapan diolah secara terpisah dengan memakai file terpisah pula. Metode ini mempunyai efisiensi pengolahan dan pengendalian, tetapi hal ini menjurus kepada duplikasi file dan mencerai beraikannya, sebagian mempunyai data yang sama tetapi dengan data yang sering tidak serasi.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 319,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 103,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sistem informasi terpadu yang berdasarkan pada asumsi bahwa harus ada integrasi antara data dalam pengolahan data. Perpaduan data yang dicapai dalam database merupakan sekumpulan file yang saling berkaitan yang membentuk suatu bangunan data minimal terdiri dari satu file yang cukup untuk diolah dalam aplikasi dengan sedemikian rupa dalam sistem pengolahan informasi data. Manajemen sebuah database adalah sebuah sistem perangkat lunak aplikasi yang disebut sebagai sebuah sistem management database . Rancangan pada SIMPEG adalah berupa sistem pengolahan data dengan sebuah aplikasi pusat besar yang disebut server dan menggunakan jaringan komputer yang dihubungkan dengan beberapa aplikasi.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 422,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 65,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara sebagai salah satu bagian dari instansi vertikal yang mengurusi pengelolaan tentang kepegawaian yang saat ini mulai menerapkan sistem aplikasi dan teknologi informasi dalam pengelolaan data pegawai meskipun belum sepenuhnya. Salah satu sistem yang mampu memberikan informasi yang akurat, cepat, tepat waktu, lengkap, dan relevan saat ini adalah SIMPEG.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 487,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 103,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Aplikasi SIMPEG berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Agama Nomor 344 Tahun 2016 tentang Pedoman Pengelolaan Data dan Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian pada Kementerian Agama, dan Surat Edaran Sekretariat Jenderal Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia Nomor B-1635/SJ/B.II.1/Kp.01.2/ 02/2018 tentang Peningkatan Pengelolaan Data PNS melalui SIMPEG Kementerian Agama, menyebutkan bahwa SIMPEG adalah sistem informasi terpadu yang terdiri atas perangkat lunak, perangkat penyimpanan meliputi pusat data dan bank data serta perangkat komunikasi yang saling berkaitan dan saling menentukan dalam rangka penyediaan informasi di bidang kepegawaian.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 590,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 65,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara sebagai salah satu bagian dari instansi vertikal yang mengurusi pengelolaan tentang kepegawaian yang saat ini mulai menerapkan sistem aplikasi dan teknologi informasi dalam pengelolaan data pegawai meskipun belum sepenuhnya. Salah satu sistem yang mampu memberikan informasi yang akurat, cepat, tepat waktu, lengkap, dan relevan saat ini adalah SIMPEG.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 654,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 156,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Untuk meningkatkan kualitas pengelolaan kepegawaian dan mendukung penerapan e- Government dalam pelayanan kepegawaian secara transparan dan objektif, sistem ini selain menyajikan informasi yang terkait dengan data kepegawaian, juga dikhususkan untuk meningkatkan pelayanan di bidang mutasi dan promosi pegawai serta menyelesaikan permasalahan data pegawai yang ada di instansi tersebut. Permasalahan yang ada diantaranya adalah PNS yang status kepegawaiannya tidak jelas, hal ini menggambarkan buruknya administrasi kepegawaian yang ada, PNS yang sudah pensiun, pindah instansi, meninggal atau berhenti data kepegawaiannya tidak diperbaharui. Beberapa Dokumen PNS tidak up to date , sehingga jumlah PNS tidak diketahui secara akurat, dan banyaknya data yang ada saling berbeda, pemutakhiran data tidak berjalan sebagaimana mestinya. Hal yang terjadi lebih dominan menggunakan pengelolaan data kepegawaian mulai dari kenaikan pangkat, mutasi, rotasi dan promosi pegawai, daftar riwayat hidup pegawai, penyusunan daftar urut\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 23,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"440\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 408,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 121,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 35,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"kepangkatan, kenaikan gaji berkala, pensiunan pegawai, masih bersifat manual atau masih menggunakan desktop yang terpisah-pisah.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 61,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 116,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Di sisi lain pegawai yang ada di Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara masih belum merata dalam hal pengetahuan dan keterampilan dibidang teknologi informasi, dimana masih banyak ditemukan pegawai yang tidak lancar atau bahkan sama sekali tidak bisa menggunakan komputer dalam bekerja kesehariannya sebagai PNS. olehnya dengan diterapkannya Aplikasi SIMPEG diharapkan pegawai yang ada dapat memacu diri untuk terus berkembang mengikuti perubahan era yang semakin laju dalam hal pembaharuan di bidang revolusi industri yang kini dikenal dengan era revolusi industri 4.0 yang merupakan rangkaian yang sangat erat dalam hubungannya dengan aplikasi SIMPEG untuk mewujudkan pemerintahan berbasis elektonik.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 190,\n \"width\": 75,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"B. Metodologi\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 216,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian diskriptif kualitatif dengan alasan bahwa dalam penelitian ini berupaya menggali data, yaitu data berupa pandangan responden dalam bentuk cerita rinci atau asli.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 255,\n \"width\": 117,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1.Jenis dan Sumber Data\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 268,\n \"width\": 415,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi data primer dan data sekunder. 2. Teknik Pengumpulan Data\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 293,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 91,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Data penilitain berupa data Primer dan Sekunder dikumpulkan dengan cara, Data primer diperoleh secara langsung dari subjek penelitian atau informan melalui penelitian lapangan dengan melakukan wawancara sehubungan dengan Implementasi Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian (SIMPEG) untuk Mendukung e-Government pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Sedangkan data sekunder dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari studi dokumentasi pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 397,\n \"width\": 135,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"C. Hasil dan Pembahasan\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 422,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Konsep Tentang Manajemen Kepegawaian\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 435,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 91,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Manajemen kepegawaian lazim disebut personnel management atau tata personil. Walaupun istilah-istilah tersebut nampaknya berbeda-beda namun pengertiannya sama. Manajemen Kepegawaian bertugas untuk melaksanakan kegiatan yang secara garis besarnya telah ditentukan oleh top leader dengan menitik beratkan pada usaha mendapatkan tenaga kerja yang cakap dan mampu bekerja menurut kebutuhan organisasi, menggerakkan mereka untuk tercapainya tujuan organisasi, memelihara dan mengembangkan kecakapan serta kemampuan individu pegawai.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 525,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 168,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Menurut A. W. Widjaja (2006) personnel management merupakan suatu cabang ilmu dimanajemen yang khusus menitik beratkan pada soal-soal kepegawaian. sedangkan menurut Heidjrachman dan Suad Husnan (2002) dalam bukunya memaknai manajemen personalia merupakan suatu perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengarahan dan pengawasan yang bersumber dari suatu pengadaan, pengembangan, pemberian kompensasi, pengintegrasian dan pemeliharaan tenaga kerja dengan target dapat membantu memajukan tujuan perusahaan, perorangan dan masyarakat. Dari uraian tersebut dikenal dengan istilah POAC, yang merupakan singkatan dari planning, organizing, actuating, dan controlling (Richardus Eko Indrajit 2014:47). Berdasarkan paparan tentang manajemen kepegawaian diatas, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa manajemen itu adalah suatu usaha dan rangkaian proses dalam mengelola sejumlah sumber daya demi tercapainya tujuan. sedangkan pegawai merupakan salah satu sumber daya utama dalam perusahaan, karena pegawai merupakan faktor penentu pencapaian tujuan perusahaan melalui kinerja pegawai\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 706,\n \"width\": 133,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pengertian E-Government\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 719,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Menurut Wyld (2004) dalam Akadun (2009), e-Government merupakan pemrosesan secara elektronik yang digunakan pemerintah untuk mengkomunikasikan, menyebarkan atau mengumpulkan informasi sebagai fasilitas transaksi dan perizinan untuk suatu tujuan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 758,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"E-Government merupakan suatu implementasi penggunaan teknologi informasi di suatu organisasi baik pemerintahan maupun swasta dengan tujunan untuk memberikan informasi dan pelayanan bagi masyarakat, dan hal yang berhubungan dengan organisasi tersebut. Penerapan e-Government umunnya terdapat pada birokrasi seperti legislatif, yudikatif, ataupun\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 121,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 508,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 21,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"441\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 35,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 65,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"kantor pelayanan masyarakat dengan tujuan meningkatkan efisiensi internal dalam menyampaikan pelayanan publik, atau proses administrasi kepemerintahan yang demokratis. Oleh karena itu e-Government merupakan penerapan penggunaan teknologi informasi dalam suatu organisasi pemerintahan ataupun swasta yang dapat meningkatkan hubungan antara pemerintah dan pihak lain yang berkepentingan di dalamnya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 100,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Karakteristik e-Government diantaranya interaksi antara pemerintah dengan berbagai pihak yang berkepentingan seperti masyarakat luas dan unit kerja di lingkungan pemerintah lainnya. Menggunakan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi mempermudah dan praktis dalam pelayanan pemerintah terhadap berbagai pihak yang berkepentingan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 164,\n \"width\": 270,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian (SIMPEG)\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 177,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"SIMPEG merupakan suatu sistem yang menyajikan data dalam penerapan e-Government pada instansi pemerintah khususnya yang menyangkut tentang pengelolaan kepegawaian yang dilaksanakan dengan perangkat aplikasi online, alat tersebut sebagai penyedia informasi bagi aparatur maupun masyarakat yang memerlukan informasi kepegawaian.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 229,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 77,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Menurut David Kroenke (1994) sistem informasi merupakan the development and use of effective information systems in organization. Sedangkan menurut George M.Scott (1995) Sistem Informasi Manajemen adalah sejumlah rangkaian dari sistem informasi menyeluruh yang terkoordinasi secara rasional terpadu dan mampu mentranformasikan data sehingga menjadi informasi melalui berbagai metode dalam meningkatkan produktifitas yang sesuai dengan model atas dasar kriteria mutu yang telah ditetapkan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 306,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Uraian tersebut menerangkan bahwa SIMPEG merupakan suatu totalitas yang terpadu yang terdiri atas perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak, sebagai penyimpanan pusat data dan bank data serta perangkat komunikasi yang saling berkaitan, bergantung dan saling menentukan dalam rangka penyediaan informasi di bidang kepegawaian.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 358,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 77,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tugas pokok Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara pada Fungsi Kepegawaian Bagian Tata Usaha adalah melaksanakan tugas penyusunan rencana kebutuhan dan penataan pegawai, pengelolaan data dan administrasi kepegawaian, fasilitasi asesmen dan pengembangan pegawai, dan informasi kepegawaian sebagaimana di amanatkan dalam Peraturan Menteri Agama RI Nomor 6 Tahun 2022 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Menteri Agama tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Instansi Vertikal Kementerian Agama.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 435,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 116,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan kepegawaian dalam organisasi pemerintahan perlu adanya tunjangan data dan statistik pegawai olehnya itu diperlukan perencanaan, implementasi, pemantauan, dan evaluasi penyelenggaraan kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan kepegawaian sehingga muncul gagasan untuk membuatnya dalam sebuah sistem aplikasi. Aplikasi SIMPEG mulai diterapkan pada tahun 2009 dengan sistem web base dimana basis datanya tersentralisasi, aplikasi ini adalah produk dari Biro Kepegawaian Kementerian Agama RI yang merupakan program otonomi karena daerah lingkup dari pekerjanya secara nasional yang tidak mungkin untuk mengolah data dengan maksimal menggunakan exel yang tidak menjamin kecepatan dan akurasi data jika dibutuhkan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 551,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sistem Informasi Manajemen saat ini berkembang seiring perkembangan penggunaan teknologi informasi. Perkembangan teknologi dengan sistem komputerisasi saat ini telah memberikan kesadaran baru bahwa aplikasi online harus diterapkan untuk tujuan menghasilkan informasi dalam pengambilan keputusan manajemen (Aji Supriyanto 2005:238).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 603,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"SIMPEG merupakan suatu sistem yang menyajikan data dalam penerapan e-Government pada instansi pemerintah khususnya yang menyangkut tentang pengelolaan kepegawaian yang dilaksanakan dengan perangkat aplikasi online, alat tersebut sebagai penyedia informasi bagi aparatur maupun masyarakat yang memerlukan informasi kepegawaian.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 654,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 78,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Menurut David Kroenke (1994) sistem informasi merupakan the development and use of effective information systems in organization. Sedangkan menurut George M.Scott (1995) Sistem Informasi Manajemen adalah sejumlah rangkaian dari sistem informasi menyeluruh yang terkoordinasi secara rasional terpadu dan mampu mentranformasikan data sehingga menjadi informasi melalui berbagai metode dalam meningkatkan produktifitas yang sesuai dengan model atas dasar kriteria mutu yang telah ditetapkan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 732,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Uraian tersebut menerangkan bahwa SIMPEG merupakan suatu totalitas yang terpadu yang terdiri atas perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak, sebagai penyimpanan pusat data dan bank data serta perangkat komunikasi yang saling berkaitan, bergantung dan saling menentukan dalam rangka penyediaan informasi di bidang kepegawaian.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 784,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dalam hal ini, pemahaman tentang istilah SIMPEG akan diperoleh dengan cukup baik apabila seseorang mampu memahami tentang sistem, informasi, dan manajemen.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 23,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"442\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 408,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 121,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 35,\n \"width\": 43,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1 . Sistem\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 48,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 78,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sistem dalam kamus besar Bahasa Indonesia merupakan perangkat unsur yang secara teratur saling berkaitan sehingga membentuk suatu totalitas (https://kbbi.web.id/sistem, di akses tanggal 17 November 2023). Lucas dalam bukunya Wahyudi Komorotomo dan Subando Agus Margono (2004) mengatakan, secara sederhana suatu sistem dapat diartikan sebagai suatu kumpulan atau himpunan dari unsur, komponen, atau variabel-variabel yang terorganisasi, saling berinteraksi, saling tergantung satu sama lain dan terpadu.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 126,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 64,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pengertian sistem menurut Gordon B. Davis (1997) yang diterjemahkan Andreas S. Adiwardana adalah sebuah sistem terdiri dari bagian-bagian yang saling berkaitan yang beroperasi bersama untuk mencapai beberapa sasaran atau maksud. Berarti sebuah sistem itu bukan seperangkat unsur yang terdiri dari beberapa susunan yang acak, melainkan terdiri dari unsur yang saling keterkaitan karena adanya satu tujuan, maksud, dan sasaran yang sama.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 190,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pendapat lain dalam buku, Edhy Sutanta (2003) mengatakan, Secara umum, sistem dapat didefinisikan sebagai sekumpulan hal atau kegiatan atau elemen atau subsistem yang saling bekerja sama atau yang dihubungkan dengan cara cara tertentu sehingga membentuk satu kesatuan untuk melaksanakan suatu fungsi guna mencapai suatu tujuan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 242,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dalam bukunya Edhy Sutanta (2003) menyatakan suatu sistem mempunyai karakteristik sebagai berikut:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 268,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"a) Mempunyai komponen (components) sistem yaitu segala sesuatu yang menjadi bagian penyusun sistem.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 293,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"b) Mempunyai batas (boundary) dimana sistem diperlukan untuk membedakan satu sistem dengan sistem yang lain.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 319,\n \"width\": 425,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"c) Mempunyai lingkungan (environment) yaitu segala sesuatu yang berada di luar sistem.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 332,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"d) Mempunyai penghubung/antar muka (interface) yaitu segala sesuatu yang bertugas menjembatani dan menghubungkan hubungan antar komponen dalam sistem.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 358,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"e) Mempunyai masukan (input) yaitu diaman segala sesuatu yang perlu di inpu dalam sistem sebagai bahan baku yang akan diproses lebih lanjut untuk menhasilkan keluaran yang berguna.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 397,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 38,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"f) Mempunyai pengolahan (processing) Pengolah merupakan komponen sistem yang mempunyai peran utama mengolah masukan agar menghasilkan keluaran yang berguna bagi para pemakainya.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 435,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"g) Mempunyai keluaran (output) Keluaran merupakan komponen sistem yang berupa berbagai macam bentuk keluaran yang dihasilkan oleh komponen pengolahan.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 461,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"h) Mempunyai tujuan (objectives) yaitu dimana setiap komponen dalam sistem perlu dijaga dan saling bekerjasama dengan harapan supaya mampu mencapai sasaran serta tujuan sistem dimaksud.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 500,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"i) Mempunyai kendali (control) Setiap komponen dalam sistem perlu selalu dijaga agar tetap bekerja sesuai dengan peran dan fungsinya masing-masing.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 525,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"j) Mempunyai umpan balik (feed back) Umpan balik diperlukan oleh bagian kendali (control) sistem untuk mengecek terjadinya penyimpangan proses dalam sistem dan mengembalikannya ke dalam kondisi normal.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 564,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Menurut Rochaety E (2007) Model umum suatu sistem adalah terdiri atas masukan (input), pengolah (process), dan keluaran (output)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 603,\n \"width\": 59,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2. Informasi\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 616,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 64,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berbicara tentang informasi tidak terlepas dengan istilah data, hendaknya perlu dibedakan pengertian antara data dan informasi. Edhy Sutanta (2003) menyatakan bahwa sebuah data dapat diartikan sebagai bahan keterangan atau pelengkap dari kejadian dan fakta dan dirumuskan dalam sekelompok lambang tertentu yang tidak acak yang menunjukkan jumlah, tindakan, atau hal.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 680,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Menurut Raymond McLeod, Jr & George P. Schell (2009) yang diterjemahkan oleh Ali Akbar Y dan Afia R. F, data terdiri atas fakta dan angka yang biasanya tidak bermanfaat karena volumenya yang besar dan sifatnya yang masih belum diolah.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 719,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 65,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dalam definisi lain menyebutkan, data dapat didefinisikan sebagai fakta tercatat tentang sesuatu obyek (Eko Nugroho 2008:13). Data dapat dikategorikan sebagai catatan dalam kertas, buku, atau tersimpan sebagai file dalam basis data. Data akan menjadi bahan dalam suatu proses pengolahan data. Oleh karena itu, suatu data belum dapat berbicara banyak sebelum diolah lebih lanjut. misalkan catatan identitas pegawai.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 121,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 508,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 21,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"443\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 35,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Eko Nugroho (2008) menyebutkan, Informasi adalah suatu pengetahuan yang berguna untuk pengambilan keputusan. Jadi segala sesuatu yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai dasar pengambilan keputusan pada dasarnya dapat dikelompokkan sebagai informasi.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 87,\n \"width\": 68,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3. Manajemen\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 100,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 65,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pengertian manajemen menurut Wahyudi Komorotomo dan Subando Agus Margono (2004) yaitu Proses atau kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh seorang pimpinan atau manajer di dalam organisasi untuk mencapai tujuan bersama. Manajemen memang bisa berarti seperti itu, tetapi bisa juga mempunyai pengertian lebih dari pada itu, namun dalam pelaksanaan tidak ditemukan definisi yang digunakan secara paten dan konsisten.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 164,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dalam bukunya, Edhy Sutanta (2003) memaparkan, Manajemen dapat diartikan sebagai proses memanfaatkan berbagai sumber daya yang tersedia untuk mencapai suatu tujuan. Manajemen juga dapat diterjemahkan sebagai suatu sistem kekuasaan disebuah organisasi agar orang lain melaksanakan pekerjaan yang diperintahkan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 216,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Handoko (2018) juga berpendapat bahwa manajemen merupakan sebuah proses perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengarahan, dan pengawasan usaha dari para anggota guna penggunaan sumber daya untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi yang telah ditentukan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 255,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 51,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Menurut Griffin (2013) Manajemen adalah seperangkat kegiatan (termasuk perencanaan dan pengambilan keputusan, pengorganisasian, memimpin, dan mengendalikan) diarahkan pada sumber daya organisasi (manusia, keuangan, fisik, dan informasi), dengan tujuan untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi dengan cara yang efisien dan efektif.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 306,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan uraian para pakar diatas bahwa prinsip dasarnya manajemen merupakan kerjasama dengan berbagai pihak dalam suatu organisasi untuk menentukan, menerjemahkan dan mencapai tujuan organisasi dalam pelaksanaan fungsi perencanaan (planning), pengorganisasian (organizing), pengarahan (actuating), dan pengawasan (controlling).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 371,\n \"width\": 180,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sistem Informasi Manajemen (SIM)\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 384,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 90,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Menurut Lucas dalam Wahyudi Komorotomo dan Subando Agus Margono (2004), mengatakan bahwa SIM adalah sekumpulan prosedur organisasi yang pada saat dilaksanakan akan memberikan informasi bagi keputusan dan/atau untuk mengendalikan organisasi. Menurut Raymond McLeod, Jr.& George P. Schell (2009) yang diterjemahkan oleh Ali Akbar Y dan Afia R. F, Sistem informasi manajemen didefinisikan sebagai suatu sistem berbasis komputer yang membuat informasi tersedia bagi para pengguna yang memiliki kebutuhan serupa.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 474,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 116,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Edhy Sutanta (2003) dalam bukunya menjelaskan bahwa SIM merupakan: “kumpulan subsistem yang saling berhubungan, menyatu dan membentuk satu kesatuan, saling berinteraksi dan bekerjasama antara bagian satu dengan yang lainnya dengan cara-cara tertentu untuk melakukan fungsi pengolahan data, menerima masukan berupa data, kemudian mengolahnya, dan menghasilkan keluaran berupa informasi sebagai dasar bagi pengambilan keputusan yang berguna dan mempunyai nilai nyata yang dapat dinikmati baik pada saat itu juga maupun di masa mendatang, mendukung kegiatan operasional, manajerial, dan strategis organisasi, dengan memanfaatkan berbagai sumber daya yang ada dan tersedia bagi fungsi tersebut guna mencapai tujuan”.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 590,\n \"width\": 456,\n \"height\": 103,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan beberapa definisi tentang SIM maka dapat dikatakan bahwa SIM merupakan keseluruhan dari berbagai sistem yang mampu menyelenggarakan suatu kebutuhan informasi yang handal kepada pihak organisasi dalam rangka untuk pengambilan keputusan ataupun sebagai landasan mencapai tujuan dari organisasi tersebut. Dalam SIM pengolahan data menjadi informasi sesuai dengan keperluan manajemen merupakan suatu proses kegiatan stake holder baik di kalangan instansi pemerintah ataupun swasta yang dimulai dari manajemen dasar (first management), manajemen tingkat sedang (middle management), manajemen puncak (top management).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 706,\n \"width\": 128,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Konsep Sistem Informasi\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 719,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 78,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sistem informasi dalam suatu pemahaman yang sederhana dapat didefinisikan sebagai satu sistem berbasis komputer yang menyediakan informasi bagi beberapa pemakai dengan kebutuhan yang serupa. Para pemakai biasanya tergabung dalam suatu entitas organisasi formal, seperti Departemen atau Lembaga suatu Instansi Pemerintahan yang dapat dijabarkan menjadi Direktorat, Bidang, Bagian sampai pada unit terkecil dibawahnya. Informasi menjelaskan mengenai organisasi atau salah satu sistem utamanya mengenai apa yang telah\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 23,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"444\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 408,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 121,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 35,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"terjadi di masa lalu, apa yang sedang terjadi sekarang dan apa yang mungkin akan terjadi dimasa yang akan datang tentang organisasi tersebut.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 61,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 155,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sistem informasi memuat berbagai informasi penting mengenai orang, tempat, dan segala sesuatu yang ada di dalam atau di lingkungan sekitar organisasi. Informasi sendiri mengandung suatu arti yaitu data yang telah diolah ke dalam suatu bentuk yang lebih memiliki arti dan dapat digunakan untuk pengambilan keputusan. Data sendiri merupakan fakta-fakta yang mewakili suatu keadaan, kondisi, atau peristiwa yang terjadi atau ada di dalam atau di lingkungan fisik organisasi. Data tidak dapat langsung digunakan untuk pengambilan keputusan, melainkan harus lebih dahulu agar dapat dipahami, lalu dimanfaatkan dalam pengambilan keputusan. Informasi harus dikelola dengan baik dan memadai agar memberikan manfaat yang maksimal. Penerapan sistem informasi di dalam suatu organisasi dimaksudkan untuk memberikan dukungan informasi yang dibutuhkan, khususnya oleh para pengguna informasi dari berbagai tingkatan manajemen. Sistem informasi yang digunakan oleh para pengguna dari berbagai tingkatan manajemen ini biasa disebut sebagai Sistem Informasi Manajemen.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 216,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 77,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sistem informasi mengandung tiga aktivitas dasar di dalamnya, yaitu: aktivitas masukan (input), pemrosesan (processing), dan keluaran (output). Tiga aktivitas dasar ini menghasilkan informasi yang dibutuhkan organisasi untuk pengambilan keputusan, pengendalian operasi, analisis permasalahan, dan menciptakan produk atau jasa baru.Masukan berperan di dalam pengumpulan bahan mentah (raw data), baik yang diperoleh dari dalam maupun dari lingkungan sekitar organisasi.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 293,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 65,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pemrosesan berperan untuk mengkonversi bahan mentah menjadi bentuk yang lebih memiliki arti. Sedangkan, keluaran dimaksudkan untuk mentransfer informasi yang diproses kepada pihak-pihak atau aktivitas-aktivitas yang akan menggunakan. Sistem informasi juga membutuhkan umpan balik (feedback), yaitu untuk dasar evaluasi dan perbaikan di tahap input berikutnya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 358,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 64,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dewasa ini, sistem informasi yang digunakan lebih berfokus pada sistem informasi berbasis komputer (computer-based information system). Harapan yang ingin diperoleh di sini adalah bahwa dengan penggunaan teknologi informasi atau sistem informasi berbasis komputer, informasi yang dihasilkan dapat lebih akurat, berkualitas, dan tepat waktu, sehingga pengambilan keputusan dapat lebih efektif dan efisien.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 422,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 91,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Meskipun sistem informasi berbasis komputer menggunakan teknologi komputer untuk memproses data menjadi informasi yang memiliki arti, ada perbedaan yang cukup tajam antara komputer dan program komputer di satu sisi dengan sistem informasi di sisi lainnya. Komputer dan perangkat lunak komputer yang tersedia merupakan fondasi teknis, alat, dan material dari sistem informasi modern. Komputer dapat dipakai sebagai alat untuk menyimpan dan memproses informasi. Program komputer atau perangkat lunak komputer merupakan seperangkat instruksi operasi yang mengarahkan dan mengendalikan pemrosesan informasi.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 525,\n \"width\": 158,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Implementasi Aplikasi SIMPEG\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 538,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"SIMPEG merupakan sistem aplikasi multi user, artinya aplikasi ini dapat digunakan secara bersamaan dengan banyak pengguna (user). Untuk itu diperlukan jaringan internet dan komputer yang didukung oleh perangkat lunak (software) dan perangkat keras (hardware) agar sistem dapat berjalan sempurna.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 590,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 65,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Menurut Moekijat (1991) penerapan sistem informasi manajemen kepegawaian dimaksudkan untuk: (1) mendukung kelancaran tugas pokok dan fungsi kepegawaian, (2) Terciptanya sistem informasi yang terpadu, berdayaguna dan berhasil guna. (3) Menentukan arah kebijaksanaan tentang mekanisme koordinasi, komunikasi aliran data dan informasi melalui teknologi informasi.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 654,\n \"width\": 219,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"a) Tujuan Implementasi Aplikasi SIMPEG\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 667,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Penerapan aplikasi SIMPEG merupakan wujud suatu sistem informasi yang berintegrasi dalam suatu jaringan internet yang mampu menghasilkan informasi yang bermutu untuk menunjang pengambilan keputusan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 706,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 78,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Agusniar Rizka Luthfia (2009) secara umum aplikasi SIMPEG dalam organisasi pemerintahan dilaksanakan dengan tujuan: (1) mendukung pemanfaatan aplikasi SIMPEG itu sendiri secara rasional serta pengembangan sumber daya manusia aparatur pemerintah, (2) terciptanya data pegawai yang up to date serta terintegrasi, (3) tersedianya informasi pegawai yang akurat untuk keperluan perencanaan pengembangan, kesejateraan, dan pegendalian pegawai, (4) membantu kelancaraan pekerjaan dibidang kepegawaian.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 121,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 508,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 21,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"445\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 35,\n \"width\": 13,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"b)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 108,\n \"top\": 35,\n \"width\": 121,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Manfaat Aplikasi SIMPEG\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 48,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 129,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pelaksanaan aplikasi SIMPEG tidak hanya terbatas pada pengoperasian program untuk memasukkan data tetapi harus didukung dengan daya kerja yang efisien dan akurat sehingga memiliki manfaat untuk: (1) proses pencarian informasi data pegawai akan mudah dan cepat, (2) pembuatan laporan yang bersifat rutin dan berkala akan cepat dan mudah dikerjakan, (3) mengetahui gambaran tentang nama-nama pegawai yang akan pensiun dimasa mendatang, (4) mengetahui gambaran tentang nama-nama pegawai yang akan naik pangkat dan mengetahui daftar Kenaikan Gaji Berkala (KGB) dimasa mendatang, (4) memudahkan suatu pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan kepegawaian, (5) mendapatkan informasi tentang keadaan pegawai dengan cepat dan akurat, (6) mengetahui dan merencanakan penyebaran pegawai, (7) merencanakan penerimaan pegawai baru (KMA Nomor 344 Tahun 2016).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 177,\n \"width\": 289,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"c) Komponen Sistem Infromasi Manajemen Kepegawian\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 190,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 142,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Komponen-komponen SIMPEG menurut Keputusan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 17 Tahun 2000 meliputi: (1) perangkat keras (hardware) dalam sistem informasi manajemen kepegawaian meliputi piranti-piranti yang digunakan oleh sistem komputer untuk masukan dan keluaran (input/output device), memory, modem, pengolah (processing), dan peripheral lain, (2) perangkat lunak (software) berupa program-program komputer yang meliputi sistem operasi, bahasa pemrograman, dan program-program aplikasi. (3) sumber daya manusia adalah yang terlibat dalam suatu sistem informasi manajemen kepegawaian meliputi operator, programmer, system analyst, serta individu lain yang terlibat di dalamnya, (4) basis data (database) adalah sekumpulan file yang saling terkait dan membentuk suatu bangun data, (5) jaringan komputer adalah suatu jaringan yang menghubungkan antar komputer agar dapat saling berkomunikasi/ bertukar informasi.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 332,\n \"width\": 307,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"d) Konsep Dasar Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 345,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Konsep dasar sistem informasi manajemen kepegawaian sama dengan konsep sistem informasi manajemen pada umumnya, yaitu terdiri dari:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 371,\n \"width\": 119,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1. Masukan (input)\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 384,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 51,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Data-data yang perlu di-input dalam SIMPEG antara lain: “Alamat, daftar riwayat hidup, riwayat, pekerjaan, tanda jasa, pengalaman, keluarga, organisasi, penelitian, indisplin, kenaikan gaji berkala, sasaran kinerja pegawai” (Biro Kepegawaian Kementerian Agama RI, Panduan Penggunaan Sistem Aplikasi Simpeg).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 435,\n \"width\": 141,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2. Proses (transformasi)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 448,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pengolahan data-data yang telah di input sehingga menghasilkan informasi sesuai dengan kebutuhan masing-masing pengguna.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 474,\n \"width\": 123,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3. Keluaran (output)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 487,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 64,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Informasi yang dihasilkan dalam SIMPEG diantaranya: “Daftar Urut Kepangkatan, Daftar Susunan Kepangkatan, Daftar Kekuatan Pegawaian, Daftar Kenaikan Pangkat Struktural, Daftar Kenaikan Gaji Berkala, Rencana Kenaikan Pangkat, Pendidikan yang telah diikuti, Historis Karir, Laporan Statistik Pegawai, Surat Keputusan” (Biro Kepegawaian Kementerian Agama RI, Panduan Penggunaan Sistem Aplikasi Simpeg).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 551,\n \"width\": 309,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"4. Karakteristik Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian,\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 564,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 78,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dalam Peraturan Kepala BKN nomor 20 tahun 2008 disebutkan bahwa SIMPEG memiliki karakteristik sebagai berikut: “(1) sistem yang terkoneksi online antara BKN Pusat, regional dan instansi dengan menggunakan jaringan komunikasi data, (2) menggunakan satu basis data PNS yang digunakan secara bersama, (3) menggunakan struktur data dan tabel referensi yang sama sesuai dengan standar yang baku yang disusun BKN Pusat, (4) sistem yang dibangun dapat dikembangkan sesuai dengan kebutuhan instansi pengguna”.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 642,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 51,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sistem informasi manajemen kepegawaian merupakan manajemen kepegawaian yang dikembangkan sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan dirancang sedemikian rupa sehingga mampu menjadi komputerisasi dan modernisasi data pegawai dalam mengelola dan mengorganisasikan data-data pegawai guna optimalisasi manajemen administrasi secara professional\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 706,\n \"width\": 184,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Keamanan Informasi dalam SIMPEG\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 719,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Instansi pemerintah memiliki kebutuhan untuk menjaga agar sumber daya informasi yang dimiliki tetap aman dan tidak dapat diretas oleh orang-orang yang tidak bertanggungjawab. Keamanan informasi ditujukan untuk mendapatkan kerahasiaan, ketersediaan, keakurasian serta integritas pada semua sumber daya informasi organisasi.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 23,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"446\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 408,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 121,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 35,\n \"width\": 166,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pengertian Keamanan Informasi\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 48,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 91,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Menurut Raymond McLeod, Jr.& George P. Schell (2009) yang diterjemahkan oleh Ali Akbar Y dan Afia R. F, Istilah keamanan informasi (information security) digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan perlindungan baik peralatan komputer dan nonkomputer, fasilitas, data, dan informasi dari penyalahgunaan pihak yang tidak berwenang. Dari pengertian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa keamanan informasi bukan hanya merujuk kepada keamanan data dan informasi semata melainkan juga keamanan komponen fisik yang mendukung pengelolaan informasi\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 152,\n \"width\": 170,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Manajemen Keamanan Informasi\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 164,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 117,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Seperti halnya cakupan keamanan informasi telah meluas, demikian juga dengan tanggungjawab menejer yang tidak hanya menjaga agar sumber daya informasi aman namun juga diharapkan untuk menjaga instansi tersebut tetap berfungsi untuk menjaga keamanan data dan informasi. Menurut Raymond McLeod, Jr.& George P. Schell (2009) yang diterjemahkan oleh Ali Akbar Y dan Afia R. F, mengemukakan bahwa manajemen keamanan informasi (information security management) adalah: (1) mengidentifikasi ancaman yang dapat menyerang sumber daya informasi perusahaan, (2) mengidentifikasi risiko yang dapat disebabkan oleh ancaman- ancaman tersebut, (3) menentukan kebijakan keamanan informasi, (4) mengimplementasikan pengendalian untuk mengatasi risiko-risiko tersebut.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 293,\n \"width\": 191,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gangguan Terhadap Sistem Informasi\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 306,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 232,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) adalah sebuah divisi di bagian United States Department of Commerce, mengumpulkan beberapa kategori umum dari bentuk serangan terhadap sistem komputerisasi yaitu: “(1) Remote Penetration adalah sebuah program berbasis internet yang berkemapuan untuk masuk mengendalikan suatu komputer dengan cara tidak sah, (2) Local Penetration adalah program-program yang berkemampuan untuk mengakses dengan tidak sah suatu komputer ketika programnya tersebut berjalan, (3) Remote Denial of Service adalah sebuah program yang berjalan pada internet atau sebuah jaringan, dapat men-shutdown suatu komputer yang lain atau mematikan suatu layanan-layanan (services) yang disediakan oleh komputer tersebut, (4) Local Denial of Service adalah program- program yang dapat men shutdown suatu komputer ketika suatu program lain berjalan, (5) Network Scanners adalah program-program yang mampu membuat pemetaan dari sebuah jaringan sehingga komputer-komputer tersebut mudah diserang dan tersedia untuk di eksploitasi, (6) Vulnerability Scanners adalah program-program yang menggunakan internet untuk mencari komputer-komputer lain yang mudah untuk diserang dan ini adalah merupakan tipe-tipe dari bentuk penyerangan. (7) Password Crackers adalah program-program yang mampu menemukan dengan mudah atau menerka suatu password walaupun file passwordnya telah dienkripsi, (8) Sniffers adalah program yang dapat digunakan untuk menyadap data dan informasi melalui jaringan Komputer (Joseph F. Gustin 2004:26)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 551,\n \"width\": 181,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Metode Gangguan Sistem Informasi\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 564,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 91,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Menurut Eko Nugroho (2008) ada tiga cara untuk melakukan gangguan terhadap sistem informasi, yaitu: (1) pengubahan data cara ini dilakukan dengan mengubah data sebelum atau selama proses dan sesudah proses dari sistem informasi, (2) penyelewengan program yaitu program komputer dimodifikasi untuk maksud kejahatan tertentu yang memiliki beberapa teknik, antara lain virus, (3) penetrasi (hacking atau cracking) yaitu menyadap jalur telekomunikasi dan ikut masuk ke dalam sistem komputer bersama-sama dengan pemakai sistem komputer yang resmi.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 654,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Teori tersebut diatas dimaksudkan bahwa setiap sistem aplikasi yang digunakan pastinya akan mengalami serangan virus, hacker, ataupun kesalahan dari user atau pengelolanya, olehnya itu perlu cara agar semua permasalahan yang terjadi dapat diatasi dan diminimalisir keberadaannya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 719,\n \"width\": 299,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Menanggulangi ancaman/ gangguan pada sistem informasi\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 732,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 65,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Ada beberapa cara yang dapat dilakukan dalam menanggulangi ancaman/gangguan pada sistem informasi diantaranya: (1) membina internal user, (2) memasang pengendalian-pengendalian di sistem informasi, (3) memeriksa efektivitas pengendalian-pengendalian di sistem informasi, (4) merencanakan akibat gangguan (disaster recovery planning)” (Bramantya Mahardika Angga Arista 2010).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 121,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 508,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 21,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"447\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 35,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 78,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan pemaparan tentang keamanan sistem informasi dapat ditanggulangi dengan cara membuat sistem dengan mengatur bagaimana jika terjadi force majure (kebakaran, huru-hara, bencana alam), membuat standar sistem backup, membuat aturan dengan menerapkan kegiatan backup secara berkala atau menggunakan sistem cadangan, membuat aturan baku tentang akses komputer dan jaringan secara langsung misalnya kabel, server yang diletakkan di ruangan khusus, dan lain-lain.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 126,\n \"width\": 125,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pengambilan Keputusan\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 139,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 90,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Menurut Salusu (2004) pengambilan keputusan adalah suatu proses memilih alternatif cara bertindak dengan metode yang efisien sesuai situasi. Ketika keputusan sudah dibuat, sesuatu yang baru mulai terjadi. Dengan kata lain, keputusan mempercepat diambil tindakan, serta mendorong lahirnya gerakan dan perubahan (Hill et al., dalam Salusu 2004). Harus ada tindakan yang dibuat saat tiba waktunya dan tindakan itu tidak dapat ditunda. Sekali keputusan dibuat, harus diberlakukan dan kalau tidak, sebenarnya itu bukanlah keputusan, tetapi lebih tepat dikatakan suatu hasrat, niat yang baik (Drucker & Hoy, dalam Salusu, 2004).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 229,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 142,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Harris (1998) menjabarkan pengambilan keputusan sebagai: “Decision making is the study of identifying and choosing alternatives based on the values and preferences of the decision maker. Decision making is the process of sufficiently reducing uncertainty and doubt about alternatives to allow a reasonable choice to be made from among them”. Dari definisi di atas maka dapat dikatakan bahwa pengambilan keputusan merupakan suatu proses mengidentifikasi dan memilih alternatif berdasarkan nilai-nilai dan preferensi yang dimiliki. Hal ini berarti bahwa dalam pengambilan keputusan terdapat alternatif pilihan yang tidak hanya harus diidentifikasi tetapi juga dipilih, dan pemilihannya sesuai dengan nilai, tujuan, gaya hidup dan lain sebagainya sebagaimana yang dianut pengambil keputusan. Proses yang terjadi pada pengambilan keputusan bertujuan untuk menekan ketidakpastian dan keraguan atas alternatif pilihan (Harris, 1998).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 371,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 77,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Janis & Mann (1977) menyebutkan bahwa pengambilan keputusan merupakan pemecahan konflik dan terhindar dari faktor situasional: “Decision making as a matter of conflict resolution and avoidance behaviors due to situational factors”. Berdasarkan definisi-definisi di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengambilan keputusan adalah proses mengidentifikasikan alternatif yang ada sehingga dapat dipilih yang paling sesuai dengan nilai dan tujuan individu untuk mendapatkan solusi dari masalah tertentu.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 448,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 65,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Menurut Handoko (2009) pengambilan keputusan adalah bagian kunci kegiatan manajer. Kegiatan ini memegang peranan penting terutama bila pimpinan melaksanakan fungsi perencanaan. Dalam proses perencanaan, manajer memutuskan tujuan-tujuan organisasi yang akan dicapai, sumber daya yang akan digunakan, dan siapa yang akan melaksanakan tugas tersebut.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 513,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 77,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Menurut Gibson dkk (1997) dalam Sumijatun (2009) keputusan merupakan tanggapan manajer terhadap permasalahan. Setiap keputusan adalah akibat dari proses dinamis yang dipengaruhi oleh banyak kekuatan termasuk lingkungan organisasi dan pengetahuan, kecakapan dan motivasi manajer. Pengambilan keputusan adalah proses pemikiran dan pertimbangan yang mendalam, dan proses yang melibatkan pendekatan sistematik dengan langkah-langkah yang berurutan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 590,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pengambilan keputusan merupakan proses kognitif yang kompleks dan sering didefinisikan sebagai suatu upaya memutuskan serangkaian tindakan tertentu. Pengambilan keputusan sering dianggap sinonim dengan manajemen (Marquis & Huston, 2010).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 629,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 38,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pengertian di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengambilan keputusan adalah suatu proses berpikir dalam menentukan pilihan terbaik untuk menyelesaikan suatu masalah dengan langkah-langkah yang berurutan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 680,\n \"width\": 159,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Model Pengambilan Keputusan\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 693,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Terdapat beberapa jenis model pengambilan keputusan menurut para ahli yaitu sebagai berikut:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 706,\n \"width\": 119,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"a) Metode Normatif\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 719,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 78,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Menurut Swanburg (2000) model normatif untuk pembuatan keputusan ini tidak realistis karena asumsinya jelas memilih diantara alternative yang teridentifikasi. Ada tujuh langkah untuk membuat keputusan dalam model analisis ini: a) menemukan dan menganalisis masalah, b) mengidentifikasi semua alternatif yang memungkinkan, c) mengevaluasi pro dan kontra dari masing-masing alternatif, d) mengurutkan alternatif, e) memilih alternatif yang dapat memaksimalkan kepuasaan, f) pelaksanaan, g) evaluasi.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 797,\n \"width\": 153,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"b) Model Pohon Keputusan\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 23,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"448\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 408,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 121,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 35,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 78,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Vroom menggunakan jawaban untuk tujuh pertanyaan diagnostik dalam bentuk pohon keputusan untuk mengidentifikasi tipe-tipe gaya kepemimpinan yang digunakan dalam model manajemen pembuatan keputusan. Pertanyaan berfokus pada perlindungan kualitas dan penerimaan keputusan dan kesesuaian yang adekuat dari informasi, keseuaian tujuan, struktur masalah, penerimaan oleh subordinat, konflik, keadilan, dan prioritas implementasi (Swanburg, 2000).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 113,\n \"width\": 123,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"c) Metode Deskriptif\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 126,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 116,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Simon mengembangkan model ini didasarkan pada asumsi bahwa pembuat keputusan adalah seseorang yang melihat masalah secara rasional dalam membuat solusi yang bisa dilakukan yang didasarkan pada informasi yang diketahuinya. Model ini dapat digunakan untuk membuat berbagai keputusan yang informasinya tidak lengkap diakibatkan karena keterbatasan waktu, uang, atau orang dan kenyataan bahwa orang tidak selalu memilih yang paling baik (Swanburg, 2000). Ada lima langkah pengambilan keputusan dalam model dekripsi: a) menetapkan tujuan yang dapat diterima, b) menguraikan persepsi subjektif tentang masalah, c) mengidentifikasi alternatif yang bisa diterima, d) mengevaluasi setiap alternatif, e) menyeleksi alternatif, f) menerapkan keputusan, g) evaluasi (Swanburg, 2000).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 255,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Langkah-langkah Pengambilan Keputusan\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 268,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 38,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gambaran unik proses pengambilan keputusan yang dilakukan seseorang dapat dilihat dari tahap-tahap yang dilaluinya sebelum sampai pada keputusan akhir. Hal ini berbeda-beda pada setiap individu dan tergantung pada pola seseorang dalam menghadapi masalahnya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 306,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Janis & Mann (1977) memperkenalkan lima tahapan dalam proses pengambilan keputusan, yang terdiri atas:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 332,\n \"width\": 115,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"a) Menilai Masalah\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 345,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 103,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tahap ini meliputi pengenalan terhadap masalah, mencari informasi atau kejadian yang dapat memberikan pengaruh positif atau negatif bagi tindakan yang akan dilakukan, menemukan tujuan yang ingin dicapai bagi penyelesaian masalah yang kompleks. Ada beberapa faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi penilaian masalah pada tahap ini, yaitu sumber masalah untuk dapat dipercaya, kejelasan masalah, dan kepribadian serta mood seseorang waktu menilai permasalahan yang ada. Pada tahap ini, pertanyaan kunci atau inti yang dapat diajukan untuk melihat suatu keputusan yang akan diambil adalah: “Adakah risiko serius yang akan timbul jika saya tidak melakukan perubahan?”.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 448,\n \"width\": 211,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"b) Menilai alternatif-alternatif yang ada\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 461,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 129,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Setelah seseorang merasa yakin terhadap informasi yang berkaitan dengan masalahnya, dia mulai memusatkan perhatian pada berbagai alternatif pilihan yang ada. Seseorang juga berusaha mencari masukan dan informasi dari orang lain yang memiliki pengetahuan yang berhubungan dengan masalahnya. Selain itu, ia juga akan semakin memberikan perhatian pada informasi yang relevan di media massa. Hal yang paling penting pada tahap ini adalah sikap terbuka dan fleksibilitas.Hal itu berguna dalam mengumpulkan seluruh kemungkinan alternatif, baik yang nyata maupun tidak nyata.Faktor yang mempengaruhi jalannya tahap kedua ini adalah mengumpulkan seluruh kemungkinan alternatif, dan efisiensi pencarian keterangan mengenai alternatif yang ada.Pertanyaan kunci pada tahap ini adalah “Apakah saya telah melihat dan mempertimbangkan seluruh alternatif yang ada?”.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 590,\n \"width\": 141,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"c) Menimbang Alternatif\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 603,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 77,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pada tahap ini, seorang pengambil keputusan mulai mengevaluasi seluruh pilihan yang ada berdasarkan konsekuensi dan kemungkinan untuk dilakukan. Mengenai konsekuensi tindakannya, seseorang melihat kemungkinan manfaat dan pengorbanan yang harus diterima. Ketika seseorang menyadari bahwa terdapat kemungkinan terjadinya penyesalan di masa mendatang, ia pun menjadi semakin berhati-hati dalam menimbang alternatif-alternatif yang ada.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 680,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 91,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Karakteristik seseorang yang berada pada tahap ini adalah munculnya ketidakpuasan atas tindakan yang mungkin telah dilakukan dan ketidakinginan untuk komit atas alternatif- alternatif. Meskipun seseorang mulai merasa yakin atas pilihan yang terbaik, biasanya menjadi responsif atas informasi baru yang penting. Tahap ini dipengaruhi oleh adanya keahlian/keterampilan yang dimiliki seseorang sebelumnya yang dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan seseorang untuk meperhitungkan seluruh kemungkinan secara akurat.Pertanyaan kunci pada tahap ini adalah “Apa alternatif yang terbaik bagi saya?”.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 771,\n \"width\": 135,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"d) Membuat Komitmen\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 784,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tahap ini ditandai dengan penumpukan tegangan dalam mempertimbangkan banyaknya alternatif. Hal ini hanya dapat diatasi dengan membuat komitmen terhadap pilihan. Setelah\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 121,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 508,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 21,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"449\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 35,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 181,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"membuat komitmen, pengambil keputusan pun mulai mempertimbangkan untuk mengimplementasikan komitmennya dan memberitahu orang lain mengenai keputusan yang diambilnya. Pengambil keputusan menyadari bahwa cepat atau lambat, orang lain dalam jaringan sosialnya akan mengetahui mengenai keputusan yang diambilnya, dan ia juga menyadari bahwa ketika ia mengimplementasikan dan mengungkapkan keputusannya, maka ia akan terkait dengan keputusannya. Dengan demikian pada saat pengambilan keputusan, membuat langkah awal untuk membuat suatu komitmen, ia mengantisipasi kemungkinan kehilangan harga diri jika ia gagal menjalankan keputusan yang sudah dibuatnya, ia menjadi lebih termotivasi untuk mendukung dan mengkonsolidasi keputusannya dengan cara-cara yang dapat membantunya untuk mengimplementasikan keputusannya dengan kekuatiran yang minim. Dengan demikian, tahap ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh orang-orang atau kelompok yang dianggap penting oleh pengambil keputusan. Pertanyaan yang menjadi kunci pada tahap ini adalah “Kapan saya dapat mengimplementasikan alternatif terbaik dan membiarkan orang lain tahu keputusan saya?”.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 216,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 142,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"e) Tetap Melakukan Komitmen Meskipun Ada Umpan Balik yang Negatif Setiap keputusan yang diambil seseorang mengandung risiko (nilai negatif), yang penting adalah tidak bereaksi berlebihan terhadap kritik atau kekecewaan yang mungkin timbul. Pertanyaan kunci: “Apakah risiko itu menjadi serius jika saya melakukan perubahan? Apakah risiko itu menjadi suatu hal yang serius jika saya melakukan perubahan?”. Dari tahapan-tahapan tersebut dapat dilihat bahwa seseorang akan sangat berhati-hati dan sangat mempertimbangkan segala sesuatu untung atau ruginya sebelum mengambil suatu keputusan yang akan menjadi sebuah komitmen dalam hidupnya. Komitmen tersebut haruslah dilakukan dengan serius dan sungguh-sungguh meskipun akan memberikan efek yang negatif. Jika komitmen tidak dilakukan, maka itu bukanlah suatu keputusan, tapi hanya sebatas hasrat atau keinginan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 371,\n \"width\": 162,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Proses Pengambilan Keputusan\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 384,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 90,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Janis & Mann (1977) mengemukakan, pada umumnya individu akan menghadapi konflik dalam mengambil suatu keputusan yang sangat penting. Munculnya konflik membuat pengambil keputusan akan sangat berhati-hati dalam mengambil keputusan untuk menghadapi risiko yang akan muncul. Konflik-konflik tersebut juga akan mempengaruhi individu untuk menerima atau menolak tindakan yang harus dilakukan sesuai keputusan yang dibuat. Simptom yang dominan muncul adalah keragu-raguan, kebimbangan, ketidakpastian, dan tanda-tanda stres ketika keputusan ditetapkan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 474,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sesuai dengan hal tersebut, metode yang efektif dalam pengambilan keputusan adalah metode yang menggunakan conflict-theory model, dapat melihat segala konsekuensi yang mungkin terjadi ketika mengambil satu keputusan tertentu. Hal ini tergantung dari jawaban individu yang mengambil keputusan tersebut terhadap empat pertanyaan dasar dalam metode ini.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 525,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 168,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Metode ini mencakup tiga hal besar yang harus diperhatikan, yaitu antecendent conditions (kondisi-kondisi yang mendahului), mediating processes (proses-proses yang terjadi), dan consequences (akibat-akibatnya). Banyak hal yang mempengaruhi ketiga hal tersebut, baik internal maupun eksternal.Antecendent conditions sangat dipengaruhi oleh variabel komunikasi seseorang, yang kemudian sangat mempengaruhi mediating processes. Oleh sebab itu, variabel komunikasi ini sangat diperhatikan dalam satu proses pengambilan keputusan. Faktor-faktor lain yang mempengaruhi antecendent conditions dapat berupa faktor situasional dan juga variabel kepribadian dan karakteristikkarakteristik lain dari seorang pengambil keputusan (Elms dalam Janis & Mann, 1977). Semua faktor ini sangat mempengaruhi kesediaan pengambil keputusan untuk memberikan jawaban-jawaban yang positif atau negatif terhadap keempat pertanyaan dasar tersebut. Keunikan dari model ini adalah spesifikasi kondisikondisi yang ada, berhubungan dengan konflik, harapan, dan waktu tertekan yang mengantarai pola pengambilan keputusan yang khusus.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 693,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 65,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kelima tahapan pengambilan keputusan menurut Janis & Mann (1977), yang telah dijelaskan di atas akan menunjukkan suatu proses yang unik dari tahap pertama ke tahap berikutnya, demikian seterusnya sampai tahap kelima. Proses yang terjadi dari satu tahapan ke tahapan berikutnya akan menggambarkan sisi negatif dan sisi positif yang mungkin terjadi dari jawaban setiap pertanyaan yang diajukan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 758,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Proses pengambilan keputusan tersebut akan menunjukkan kondisi-kondisi yang terjadi sebelumnya, kemudian proses apa saja yang akan muncul, serta apa yang menjadi akibatnya. Hal ini menolong pengambil keputusan untuk meneliti dan menganalisa setiap jawaban yang diberikan terhadap pertanyaan-pertanyaan dari setiap proses yang terjadi. Jawaban itu akhirnya\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 23,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"450\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 408,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 121,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 35,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"akan mengarahkan pengambil keputusan kepada satu keputusan akhir, yang akan dianut dalam hidupnya, dengan setiap konsekuensi yang mungkin terjadi.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 61,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Selanjutnya Marquis & Huston (2010) menyebutkan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pengambilan keputusan, perlu digunakan model proses yang adekuat sebagai dasar teori untuk memahami dan mengaplikasikan keterampilan berpikir kritis. Ada lima langkah kritis dalam penyelesaian masalah dan pengambilan keputusan, yaitu:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 113,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 64,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"a) Penetapan tujuan; Penetapan tujuan harus jelas dan konsisten dengan pernyataan filosofi individu atau organisasi. Jika aspek tersebut tidak terpenuhi, maka kemungkinan keputusan yang dibuat berkualitas buruk. Handoko (2009) mengemukakan hal pertama yang harus dilakukan seorang manajer adalah menemukan dan memahami masalah untuk diselesaikan agar perumusan masalah menjadi jelas.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 177,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 78,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"b) Mengumpulkan data secara cermat; Setelah manajer menentukan atau merumuskan masalah dan tujuan, manajer harus menentukan data-data yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat keputusan yang tepat (Handoko, 2009). Pengumpulan data dimulai dengan mengidentifikasi masalah atau kesempatan untuk mengambil keputusan dan berlanjut ke proses penyelesaian masalah. Ketika mengumpulkan informasi, manajer harus berhati-hati agar data yang dimilikinya dan orang lain tidak salah fakta (Marquis & Huston, 2010).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 255,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 103,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"c) Membuat banyak alternatif; Semakin banyak alternatif yang dapat dibuat dalam penyelesaian masalah dan pengambilan keputusan, semakin besar kesempatan menghasilkan keputusan akhir. Dengan tidak membatasi hanya pada satu alternatif yang jelas, orang akan mampu untuk menerobos pola kebiasaan atau pengekangan berpikir dan memungkinkan munculnya gagasan baru (Merquis & Huston, 2010). Menurut Handoko (2009) setelah membuat alternatif keputusan, manajer harus mengevaluasi alternatif tersebut untuk menilai keefektifitasannya, dan langkah selanjutnya adalah memilih alternatis terbaik yang akan digunakan dalam pengambilan keputusan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 358,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 64,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"d) Berpikir logis; Selama proses penyelesaian masalah, seseorang harus menarik inferensi (simpulan) informasi dan mempertimbangakan informasi serta alternatif secara cermat. Kesalahan berlogika pada titik ini akan mengarahkan pada kualitas keputusan yang buruk. Ada beberapa cara berpikir yang tidak logis, seperti: terlalu menggeneralisasi, afirmasi konsekuensi, dan berargumen dengan analogi (Marquis & Huston, 2010).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 422,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 65,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"e) karena mereka kurang berani untuk menghadapi konsekuensi pilihan yang mereka ambil (Marquis & Huston, 2010). Pada tahap ini manajer perlu memperhatikan berbagai resiko dan ketidakpastian sebagai konsekuensi keputusan yang telah dibuat, karena dengan mengambil langkah tersebut manajer dapat menentukan kegiatan-kegiatan yang diperlukan untuk menanggulangi hambatan dan tantangan yang akan terjadi (Handoko, 2009)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 500,\n \"width\": 81,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"D. Kesimpulan\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 525,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan peneliti tentang “Analisis Implementasi Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian (SIMPEG) untuk Mendukung e-Government pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara”, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 577,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 65,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1) Implementasi aplikasi SIMPEG (Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian) dalam mendukung e-Government pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara telah menjadi acuan pimpinan dalam hal promosi, mutasi, dan rotasi jabatan. Aplikasi ini dapat berjalan dengan baik dengan ketersediaan sumber daya manusia, sumber daya perangkat lunak, sumber daya perangkat keras serta sumber daya jaringan internet.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 642,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 103,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2) Komitmen pimpinan untuk mewujudkan layanan pemerintahan berbasis elektronik (e- Government) khususnya aplikasi SIMPEG (Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian) dalam pengambilan keputusan pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara yaitu sajian data aplikasi SIMPEG sangat membantu dalam pengelolaan data pegawai dan pemetaan jabatan sehingga pimpinan terus melakukan optimalisasi pengembangan dari berbagai segi meliputi sumber daya manusia, sumber daya perangkat lunak, sumber daya perangkat keras, sumber daya jaringan, dan sistem keamanan data pegawai pada aplikasi SIMPEG.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 758,\n \"width\": 31,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Saran\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 771,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan kesimpulan yang telah dikemukakan, maka ada beberapa saran yang diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan masukan untuk perbaikan dalam penerapan aplikasi SIMPEG untuk mewujudkan layanan pemerintahan berbasis elektronik (e-Government) di Kanwil Kementerian\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 121,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 508,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 21,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"451\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 35,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Adapun saran-saran yang peneliti sampaikan adalah sebagai berikut:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 61,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 65,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1. Bagi pimpinan pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara hendaknya membuat evaluasi penilaian hasil yang telah tercapai sehingga tujuan program dapat berjalan secara maksimal. Selain itu dalam memberikan kesempatan kursus dan pelatihan pegawai, sebaiknya disesuaikan dengan tugas pokok dan fungsi yang diemban masing-masing pegawai.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 126,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 77,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2. Bagi seluruh ASN Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara hendaknya meningkatkan keikutsertaannya dalam mendukung seluruh program yang dilaksanakan Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara khususnya dalam implementasi SIMPEG. Disamping itu sebagai tenaga kepegawaian diharapkan lebih kreatif dan inovatif dalam mengembangkan diri tentang pengetahuan teknologi informasi dan yang terkait implementasi aplikasi SIMPEG.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 203,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3. Bagi instansi pemerintah ataupun swasta sekiranya pengimplentasian aplikasi SIMPEG dapat dilakukan dalam penataan struktur organisasi yang ada, karena dengan sistem ini dapat mempermudah kinerja pegawai dan sangat menunjang perkembangan suatu organisasi yang terus dihadapkan dengan era kemajuan zaman.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 255,\n \"width\": 453,\n \"height\": 38,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"4. Bagi peneliti lain yang hendak melakukan penelitian yang serupa diharapkan untuk dapat melakukan penelitian yang lebih dalam lagi mengenai sistem informasi manajemen kepegawaian.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 306,\n \"width\": 62,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"E. Referensi\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 332,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Amsyah, Z. (2002). Manajemen Sistem Informasi , Gramendia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta. Davis, G, B. (1997). Kerangka Dasar Sistem Informasi Manajemen, Edisi Pertama , PT Pustaka Binaman Pressindo, Jakarta Pusat.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 371,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Davis, G. B. (1985). Kerangka Dasar SIM bag I. Jakarta: PT. Pustaka Binaman Pressindo. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. (1999). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Balai Pustaka, Jakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 409,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dewi, F. R., dkk. (2022). “Implementation E-Government In Employment Management Information System In The Regional Office Of The Ministry Of Law And Human Rights West Java, Indonesia” : International Journal of Social Science IJSS. ISSN: 2798-3463 ISSN-P 2798- 4079.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 461,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Eko Indrajit, R. (2014). Manajemen Organisasi dan Tata Kelola Teknologi Informasi, Edisi Pertama, Graha Ilmu, Yogyakarta. Gibson, J. L. John M, Ivancevich, James H. Donelly. Jr. (1985). Organizations. Fifth Edition . Piano Texas: Business Publication, Inc.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 513,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 38,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Hamalik, O. (1993). Pengelolaan Sistem Informasi. Bandung: PT. Tri Genda Karya. Handayaningrat, S. (1996). Pengantar Studi Ilmu Administrasi dan Manajemen .Jakarta: PT. Toko Gunung Agung.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 551,\n \"width\": 422,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Heidjrachman & Suad, H. (2002). Manajemen Personalia, Edisi Keempat , BPFE, Yogyakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 564,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Keputusan Mendagri No. 17/2000 Tentang Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian DEPDAGRI dan Pemda\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 590,\n \"width\": 452,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Komorotomo, W., & Margono, S. A. (2009). Sistem Informasi Manajemen Dalam Organisasi- organisasi Publik . Gadjahmada University Press, Yogyakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 616,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 51,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"McLeod. J. R., & Schell, G. P. (2008). Sistem Informasi Manajemen . Salemba Empat, Jakarta. Moekijat. (1991). Pengantar Sistem Informasi Manajemen . PT Remaja Rosdakarya, Bandung. Moleong, L. J. (2012). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif, Edisi Ketiga Puluh , PT Remaja Rosdakarya, Bandung.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 667,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Nugroho, E. (2008). Sistem Informasi Manajemen , Andi, Yogyakarta. Para, S. D. A, dkk. (2022). “Management of Personnel Administration through the Employee History Application System (SARIP) at Tomohon Regional Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency” : Journal of Social Science . ISSN : P 2720-9938 E 2721-5202.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 719,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Ramli, M. (2015). Manajemen Pelayanan Publik Berbasis Kemanusiaan, Edisi Ketiga , Alauddin University Press, Makassar.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 745,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Raymond M. L. J. (1996). Sistem Informasi Manajemen Studi Sistem Informasi Berbasis Komputer Jilid I.& II (Hendra Teguh) . Jakarta: PT. Prenhallindo. Rochaety, E. (2007). Metodologi Penelitian Bisnis: Dengan Aplikasi SPSS, Edisi Pertama , Mitra Wacana Media, Jakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 23,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"452\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 408,\n \"top\": 14,\n \"width\": 121,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 35,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Siagian, S. P. (1997). Organisasi, Kepemimpinan & Perilaku Administrasi . Jakarta: PT. Toko Gunung Agung.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 61,\n \"width\": 454,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Simangunsong, F., & Ratu, D. A. (2018) “Program Implementation Of E-Government-Based Village Administration And Information System In West Sumba Regency” : Asian Journal of Management Sciences & Education . ISSN: 2186-845X ISSN: 2186-8441 Print.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 100,\n \"width\": 416,\n \"height\": 90,\n \"page_number\": 16,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sugiono. (2009). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D, Alfabeta, Bandung. Sugiyono. (2002). Metode Penelitian Administrasi. Bandung: Alfabeta. Suryadi, K., & Ramdhani, M. A. (2000). Sistem Pendukung Keputusan . Bandung: Rosda. Sutanta, E. (2003). Sistem Informasi Manajemen. Edisi Pertama, Gema Ilmu Yogyakarta. Syamsi, I. (2000). Pengambilan Keeputusan dan Sistem Informasi . Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. Wahyono, T. (2004). Computer Based Information System. Edisi Kedua , PT Indeks, Jakarta. Widjaja, A. W. (1990). Administrasi Kepegawaian , Rajawali, Jakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n }\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":1495,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"string","value":"0612923d-3155-041d-59f0-76f70bd3426b"},"url":{"kind":"string","value":"http://phi.unbari.ac.id/index.php/phi/article/download/305/176"},"data":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"left":72,"top":35,"width":90,"height":42,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"π (Phi)","type":"Page header"},{"left":394,"top":49,"width":129,"height":32,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Volume 7 Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 DOI 10.33087/phi.v7i2.305","type":"Page header"},{"left":507,"top":773,"width":19,"height":10,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"165","type":"Page footer"},{"left":72,"top":784,"width":238,"height":11,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Ninis Fitria Dwi Hastuti 1 , Raden Sulaiman 2 , Yuli Kristiani 3","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":797,"width":407,"height":9,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Dengan Berbantuan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Pada Materi Statistika","type":"Text"},{"left":76,"top":97,"width":447,"height":27,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR DENGAN BERBANTUAN LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATERI STATISTIKA","type":"Section header"},{"left":146,"top":136,"width":304,"height":13,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Ninis Fitria Dwi Hastuti 1 , Raden Sulaiman 2 , Yuli Kristiani 3","type":"Text"},{"left":120,"top":150,"width":355,"height":22,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pendidikan Profesi Guru Prajabatan Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia 1,2 SMP Negeri 1 Karangjati, Ngawi, Indonesia 3","type":"Text"},{"left":107,"top":175,"width":381,"height":9,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"e-mail: fitrianinis99@gmail.com , radensulaiman@unesa.ac,id , yulikrist23780@gmail.com","type":"Text"},{"left":271,"top":198,"width":59,"height":10,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ABSTRAK","type":"Section header"},{"left":100,"top":211,"width":402,"height":160,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang menggunakan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik pada materi statistika. Siswa yang berjumlah 31 di kelas VIII F SMPN 1 Karangjati Ngawi adalah subjek penelitian tindakan kelas ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui tahap pra siklus kemudian siklus I dan dilanjutkan ketahap siklus II, dimana pada siklusnya melibatkan rancangan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Objek penelitian yaitu hasil belajar yang telah didapatkan siswa saat mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran pada mata pelajaran matematika materi statistika. Adapun hasil belajar diperoleh berdasarkan tes yang telah dilakukan oleh siswa. Penelitian ini memperoleh hasil bahwa pada tahap pra siklus nilai rata-rata siswa yaitu 60,74, pada siklus 1 meningkat menjadi 69,20 dan pada siklus II 7,01. Ditinjau berdasarkan ketuntasan belajar siswa sejumlah 9 anak dengan presentase 29,03% pada pra siklus mengalami tuntas, meningkat menjadi 19 siswa dengan presentase 61,3% mengalami tuntas pada siklus I, selanjutnya meningkat 26 siswa yang mengalami tuntas pada siklus II dengan presentase 83,9%. Dengan demikian adanya guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran menggunaan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa .","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":384,"width":173,"height":21,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kata kunci : Hasil Belajar; Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik","type":"Text"},{"left":270,"top":419,"width":56,"height":10,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ABSTRACT","type":"Section header"},{"left":100,"top":431,"width":399,"height":159,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"This research is a classroom action research that uses Student Worksheets to improve student learning outcomes in statistics material. 31 students in class VIII F of SMPN 1 Karangjati Ngawi were the subjects of this classroom action research. This research was conducted through the pre cycle stage then cycle I and continued to stage cycle II, which in the cycle involves design, implementation, observation, and reflection. The object of research is the learning outcomes that have been obtained by students when participating in learning activities in mathematics subject statistics material. The learning outcomes are obtained based on tests that have been carried out by students. This study obtained the results that at the pre-cycle stage the average value of students was 60.74, in cycle 1 it increased to 69.20 and in cycle II 7.01. In terms of student learning completeness, 9 children with a percentage of 29.03% in the pre-cycle experienced completion, increased to 19 students with a percentage of 61.3% experienced completion in cycle I, then an increase of 26 students who experienced completion in cycle II with a percentage of 83, 9%. Thus the presence of teachers in carrying out learning using Student Worksheets can improve student learning outcomes.","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":604,"width":161,"height":20,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Keywords : Learning outcomes; Student Worksheets","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":639,"width":96,"height":11,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"PENDAHULUAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":653,"width":220,"height":107,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Suatu hal yang diperlukan oleh manusia salah satunya yaitu menempuh sebuah pendidikan. Pendidikan berguna untuk mengembangkan sumber daya manusia yang dapat dilaksanakan mulai dari jenjang sekolah dasar, menengah bahkan perhuruan tinggi. Meningkatkan pengetahuan, keahlian serta perilaku dan","type":"Text"},{"left":306,"top":639,"width":221,"height":121,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"norma-norma merupakan proses pengembangan sumber daya manusia sehingga sanggup membiasakan diri dengan lingkungannya (Widiansyah, 2018). Salah satu tujuan dari adanya Pendidikan yaitu menjadikan siswa yang berpengatahuan, berketrampilan, memiliki sikap yang baik dimana hal ini merupakan hasil belajar dari suatu kegiatan proses pembelajaran. Proses","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":35,"width":90,"height":42,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"π (Phi)","type":"Page header"},{"left":394,"top":49,"width":129,"height":32,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Volume 7 Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 DOI 10.33087/phi.v7i2.305","type":"Page header"},{"left":507,"top":773,"width":19,"height":10,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"166","type":"Page footer"},{"left":72,"top":784,"width":238,"height":11,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Ninis Fitria Dwi Hastuti 1 , Raden Sulaiman 2 , Yuli Kristiani 3","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":797,"width":407,"height":9,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Dengan Berbantuan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Pada Materi Statistika","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":97,"width":220,"height":94,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"pembelajaran sangatlah penting dan berpengaruh dalam sebuah Pendidikan, dalam proses pembelajaran akan menambah ilmu serta ketrampilan siswa. Sehingga guru dalam melaksanakan kegiatan pembelajaran akan semaksimal mungkin menjadikan siswa menjadi lebih baik dari sebelumnya.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":193,"width":221,"height":508,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Agar kegiatan pembelajaran berjalan dengan maksimal dan prosesnya lancer maka diperlukan perencanaan sebelum dilakukan pembelajaran (Mayudana & Sukendra, 2020). Hasil belajar peserta didik yang bagus merupakan salah satu komponen bahwa pembelajaran dapat dikatakan berhasil. Hasil belajar merupakan keterampilan yang dipunyai siswa setelah mengikuti proses pembelajaran Nana Sudjana (Anisa Firdaus: 2013). Berdasarkan kegiatan proses pembelajaran matematika di SMPN 1 Karangjati, dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan pembelajaran dikelas, gurulah yang menjadi pusat dalam pembelajaran sehingga keaktifan siswa belum muncul, hanya sesekali ada interaksi dengan guru saat menjelaskan materi. Saat kegiatan pembelajaran guru tidak pernah membuat siswa diskusi kelompok sehingga interaksinyapun sebatas guru dan peserta didik secara umum saja. Kemudian sumber belajar dikelas kurang, siswa hanya menggunakan buku paket saja, ketika melaksanakan kegiatan mengajar dikelas guru tidak pernah memakai Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik, sehingga motivasi belajar siswa kurang yang menyebabkan siswa merasa bosan sehingga hasil belajar yang diperoleh peserta didik juga tidak maksimal. Dalam perihal ini dibuktikan pada perolehan nilai hasil belajar peserta didik ketika melaksanakan PTS Genap 2022/2023 di kelas VIII F memperoleh nilai rata-rata 57 yang mana perolehan rata-rata tersebut masih dibawah KKM yang telah ditentukan yaitu 69.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":704,"width":220,"height":52,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dalam melaksanakan kegiatan pembelajaran guru harus memiliki kretifitas dalam memilih atau menggunakan media pembelajaran yang sesuai sehingga nantinya","type":"Text"},{"left":306,"top":97,"width":221,"height":577,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"dapat mendukung kegiatan pembelajaran. Hal ini sejalan dengan pendapat Mardika (2020) jika terdapat masalah dalam pembelajaran, guru harus kreatif untuk menyelesaikannya agar pembelajaran lebih baik lagi bagi siswa. Satu diantara media pembelajaran yang dianggap mampu memfasilitasi peserta didik seta mampu meningkatkan minat peserta didik sehingga nantinya dapat memaksimalkan perolehan hasil belajar setelah melaksanakan pembelajaran yaitu berupa Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik. Menurut (Nurramah & Suhendar, 2018) alat yang dapat memmbantu peserta didikdalam memahami konsep matematika yaitu lembar kerja. Adanya penggunaan Lembar Kerja Peserta didik akan mengurangi peran seorang guru dan akan memudahkan siswa untuk memeahami materi dalam pembelajaran. LKPD berfungsi sebagai acuan untuk peserta didik dalam melaksanakan kegiatan serta memberikan arahan tentang cara menyelesaikan tugas (Daryanto & Dwicahyono, 2014). Menurut (Prastowo, 2015) lembar kerja peserta didik merupakan bahan acuan ajar berbentuk cetak yang berisikan perihal materi, rangkuman, serta instruksi untuk mengerjakan tugas belajar mengacu pada kemampuan dasar yang wajib diraih oleh siswa. Pemakaian LKPD dalam pembelajaran mampu meningkatkan pemahaman peserta didik terkait pembelajaran serta berdampak pada capaian belajar terutama matematika Septian et al. (2019). Dengan demikian, penerapan LKPD akan berdampak pada pelaksanaan pembelajaran dan hasil belajar siswa salah satunya yaitu dalam pembelajaran matematika. Oleh karena itu, LKPD dapat dipergunakan untuk permasalahan kegiatan pembelajaran matematika.","type":"Text"},{"left":306,"top":676,"width":221,"height":80,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dalam hal ini diperlukan penelitian tindakan kelar yang mempunyai tujuan agar hasil belajar dapat meningkat khususnya materi Statistika menggunakan lembar kerja peserta didik untuk siswa VII F SMPN 1 Karangjati.","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":35,"width":90,"height":42,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"π (Phi)","type":"Page header"},{"left":394,"top":49,"width":129,"height":32,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Volume 7 Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 DOI 10.33087/phi.v7i2.305","type":"Page header"},{"left":507,"top":773,"width":19,"height":10,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"167","type":"Page footer"},{"left":72,"top":784,"width":238,"height":11,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Ninis Fitria Dwi Hastuti 1 , Raden Sulaiman 2 , Yuli Kristiani 3","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":797,"width":407,"height":9,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Dengan Berbantuan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Pada Materi Statistika","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":97,"width":134,"height":11,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"METODE PENELITIAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":111,"width":221,"height":521,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Adapun subjek penelitian yaitu siswa SMPN 1 Karangjati kelas VIII F yang berjumlah 30 siswa. Sumber data penelitian ini berasal dari hasil belajar peserta didik yang diperoleh dari tahap prasiklus, tahap siklus I dan siklus II dimana setiap siklusnya terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Pada tahap perencanaan yang dilakukan disetiap siklus berkaitan dengan penataan rencana belajar termasuk juga penyusunan serta penyesuaian RPP dan LKPD, pada tahap pelaksanaan yaitu berkaitan dengan melakasanakan kegiatan pembelajaran sesuai dengan perencanaan yang sudah dibuat diawal, kegiatan pengamatan beriringan dengan tahap pelaksanaan saat kegiatan pembelajaran berlangsung, adapun untuk refleksi berkaitan dengan tahap akhir disetiap siklus yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui tindak lanjut serta perkembangan siklus yang dilakukan. Objek penelitian yaitu hasil belajar peserta didik pada materi statistika yang ada di mata pelajaran matematika, data hasil belajar diperoleh dari hasil tes siswa. Hasil tes peserta didik selanjutnya dianalisis untuk mengetahui serta menentukan kentuntasan peserta didik dan mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik, keberhasilan penelitian ini dapat tercapai apabila peserta didik mendapatkan nilai Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) yaitu 69, jumlah keseluruhan rata-rata peserta didik setiap siklus <80% dari peserta didik menerima nilai di atas KKM. Adapun untuk perhitungan sebagai berikut:","type":"Text"},{"left":306,"top":97,"width":158,"height":11,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":306,"top":111,"width":220,"height":38,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pelaksanaan penelitian ini terdiri dari pra siklus, siklus I dan siklus II, adapun hasil dan pembahasan sebagai berikut:","type":"Text"},{"left":306,"top":152,"width":56,"height":11,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pra Siklus","type":"Section header"},{"left":306,"top":166,"width":221,"height":259,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tahap awal dalam penelitian pra siklus ini yaitu menyusun RPP serta menyusun media pembelajaran sederhana yang nantinya akan diterapkan dalam proses kegiatan mengajar dikelas. Pada tahap pelaksaan pra siklus ini yaitu implementasi dari apa yang telah direncanakan. Adapun tahap pelaksaan ini dilakukan selama 1 kali pertemuan. Pada tahap pelaksaan pra siklus ini guru menggunakan metode demonstrasi dan pada awal kegiatan guru melaksanakan tes diagnostic kognitif dan juga kognitif untuk mengetahui kesiapan belajar siswa serta kemampuan awal siswa. Pada tahap pengamatan ini berdampingan dengan tahap pelaksanaan, pada tahap pengamatan diperoleh hasil belajar siswa berupa nilai, adapun data hasil belajar siswa pada tahap pra siklus sebagai berikut:","type":"Text"},{"left":334,"top":428,"width":164,"height":9,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel 1. Perolehan Hasil Tes Pra Siklus","type":"Text"},{"left":326,"top":440,"width":178,"height":100,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"No Hasil Evaluasi Jumlah Peserta Didik Siklus I 1 Rata-rata nilai siswa 31 60,74 2 Tuntas 9 29,03% 3 Tidak Tuntas 22 70,96%","type":"Table"},{"left":306,"top":556,"width":220,"height":190,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dari perolehan data tersebut, persentase jumlah perserta didik yang tuntas dalam belajar dengan memperoleh nilai lebih dari KKM 69 yaitu sebesar 29,03%, sedangkam perolehan persentase jumlah peserta didik yang dinyatakan tidak tuntas dalam belajar yatu siswa yang nilainya kurang dari KKM 69 yaitu sebesar 70,96%. Sehingga, jumlah peserta didik yang dapat mengerjakan soal- soal yang berhubungan dengan statiska sejumlah 9 siswa, dengan nilai rata-rata yang didapatkan dalam pra siklus ini yaitu sebesar 60,74. Berdasarkan hasil pra siklus I masih diperlukan suatu perubahan agar hasil","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":35,"width":90,"height":42,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"π (Phi)","type":"Page header"},{"left":394,"top":49,"width":129,"height":32,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Volume 7 Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 DOI 10.33087/phi.v7i2.305","type":"Page header"},{"left":507,"top":773,"width":19,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"168","type":"Page footer"},{"left":72,"top":784,"width":238,"height":11,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Ninis Fitria Dwi Hastuti 1 , Raden Sulaiman 2 , Yuli Kristiani 3","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":797,"width":407,"height":9,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Dengan Berbantuan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Pada Materi Statistika","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":97,"width":220,"height":25,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"belajar meningkat, yaitu nnatinya perubahan tersebut dilakukan pada siklus I","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":125,"width":42,"height":11,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Siklus I","type":"Section header"},{"left":72,"top":138,"width":221,"height":315,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tahap awal dalam penelitian siklus I ini yaitu menyusun RPP serta menyusun dan menyesuaikan LKPD yang nantinya akan diterapkan dalam proses kegiatan mengajar dikelas. Pada tahap pelaksaan Siklus I ini yaitu implementasi dari apa yang telah direncanakan, guru menggunakan LKPD dalam membantu proses kegiatan belajar mengajar. Adapun tahap pelaksaan ini dilakukan selama 1 kali pertemuan. Berdasatkan dari hasil tahap prasiklus maka dilakukan perbaikan yaitu mulai dari perencenaan serta implementasi penerapan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik dalam kegiatan pembelajaran matematika. Dalam pelaksaan siklus 1 ini guru memanfaatkan media pembelajaran Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Tahap pengamatan ini berdampingan dengan tahap pelaksanaan, pada tahap pengamatan diperoleh hasil belajar siswa berupa nilai, adapun data hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I sebagai berikut:","type":"Text"},{"left":126,"top":455,"width":111,"height":9,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel 2. Hasil Tes Siklus I","type":"Text"},{"left":73,"top":467,"width":214,"height":82,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"No Hasil Evaluasi Jumlah Peserta Didik Siklus I 1 Rata-rata nilai siswa 31 69,20 2 Tuntas 19 61,3% 3 Tidak Tuntas 12 38,7%","type":"Table"},{"left":72,"top":570,"width":220,"height":191,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dari perolehan data tersebut, persentase jumlah perserta didik yang tuntas dalam belajar dengan memperoleh nilai lebih dari KKM 69 yaitu sebesar 61,3%, sedangkam perolehan persentase jumlah peserta didik yang dinyatakan tidak tuntas dalam belajar yatu siswa yang nilainya kurang dari KKM 69 yaitu sebesar 38,7%. Sehingga, jumlah peserta didik yang mampu menyelesaikan soal-soal yang berkaitan dengan statiska sejumlah 19 siswa, dengan nilai rata-rata yang didapatkan dalam siklus I ini yaitu sebesar 69,20. Berdasarkan hasil pra siklus dan juga siklus I, terlihat bahwa terdapat","type":"Text"},{"left":306,"top":97,"width":220,"height":149,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"kenaikan jumlah ketuntasan belajar siswa dan ratarata kelas nilai siswa, meskipun tidak signifikan hal ini dikarenakan siswa belum terbiasa dalam menggunakan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik, sehingga siswa masih membutuhkan penjelasan yang detail dalam menu Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik. Berdasarkan hasil data ketuntasan belajar yang belum mencapai nilai yang diharapkan yaitu sebesar 80%, sehingga dengan hal ini penelitian dilanjutkan pada siklus II.","type":"Text"},{"left":306,"top":249,"width":47,"height":11,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Siklus II","type":"Section header"},{"left":306,"top":262,"width":221,"height":384,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tahap awal dalam penelitian siklus II ini yaitu menyusun RPP serta menyusun dan menyesuaikan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik yang akan digunakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran serta melakukan perbaikan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik berdasarkan kegiatan siklus I. Pada tahap pelaksanan Siklus II ini yaitu implementasi dari apa yang telah direncanakan, guru menggunakan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik dalam membantu proses kegiatan belajar mengajar. Adapun tahap pelaksaan ini dilakukan selama 1 kali pertemuan. Berdasatkan dari hasil tahap siklus II maka dilakukan perbaikan yaitu mulai dari perencenaan serta implementasi penerapan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik dalam kegiatan pembelajaran matematika. Dalam pelaksaan siklus II ini guru melakukan perbaikan pada LKPD, kemudian memberikan arahan kepada siswa untuk memahami alur serta langkah-langlah pengerjaan serta memberikan dukungan semangat agar mendapatkan hasil beajar yang meningkat. Tahap pengamatan ini berdampingan dengan tahap pelaksanaan, pada tahap pengamatan diperoleh hasil belajar siswa berupa nilai, adapun data hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I sebagai berikut:","type":"Text"},{"left":357,"top":648,"width":118,"height":9,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel 3. Hasil Tes Siklus II","type":"Text"},{"left":319,"top":661,"width":177,"height":99,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"No Hasil Evaluasi Jumlah Peserta Didik Siklus II 1 Rata-rata nilai siswa 31 79,01 2 Tuntas 26 83,9% 3 Tidak Tuntas 5 16,1%","type":"Table"},{"left":72,"top":35,"width":90,"height":42,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"π (Phi)","type":"Page header"},{"left":394,"top":49,"width":129,"height":32,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Volume 7 Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 DOI 10.33087/phi.v7i2.305","type":"Page header"},{"left":507,"top":773,"width":19,"height":10,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"169","type":"Page footer"},{"left":72,"top":784,"width":238,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Ninis Fitria Dwi Hastuti 1 , Raden Sulaiman 2 , Yuli Kristiani 3","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":797,"width":407,"height":9,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Dengan Berbantuan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Pada Materi Statistika","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":97,"width":220,"height":659,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dari perolehan data tersebut, persentase jumlah perserta didik yang tuntas dalam belajar dengan memperoleh nilai lebih dari KKM 69 yaitu sebesar 83,9% sedangkam perolehan persentase jumlah peserta didik yang dinyatakan tidak tuntas dalam belajar yatu siswa yang nilainya kurang dari KKM 69 yaitu sebesar 16,1%. Sehingga, jumlah peserta didik yang mampu menyelesaikan soal-soal yang berkaitan dengan statistika sejumlah 26 siswa, dengan nilai rata-rata yang didapatkan dalam siklus II ini yaitu sebesar 79,01. Berdasarkan hasil siklis II nilai rata-rata siswa sebesar 79,01 dan sebanyak 26 siswa telah tuntas dalam pertemuan kali ini. Hal ini merupakan keberhasilan yang telah dilakukan guru untuk memperbaiki Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik yang berkaitan dengan langkah- langkah atau cara penggunaan pemanfaatan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik sehingga siswa memahami cara penggunaan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik yang dapat membantu meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa penggunaan LKPD dapat meningkatka hasil belajar peserta didik, sehingga penelitian ini tidak dilanjutkan ke siklus berikutnya, Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil pra siklus, siklus I dan siklus II terdapat peningkatan mulai dari nilai rata pada pra siklus 60,74 meningkat menjadi 69,20 pada siklus I dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 7,01. Dilihat dari ketuntasan belajar siswa pada pra siklus sebanyak 9 siswa tuntas dengan presentase 29,03% menjadi 19 siswa yang mengalami tuntas dengan presentase 61,3% pada siklus I dan siklus II meningkat 26 siswa yang mengalami tuntas dengan presentase 83,9%. Dalam hal ini target ketuntasan sudah terpenuhi yaitu minimal 80% siswa telah tuntas mendapatkan nilai diatas KKM 69. Sehingga penelitian tindakan kelas adanya pengunaan Lembar kerja Peserta Didik dapat dikatakan berhasil meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran matematika materi statistika kelas VIII F SMPN 1 Karangjati Ngawi.","type":"Text"},{"left":306,"top":97,"width":140,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"SIMPULAN DAN SARAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":306,"top":111,"width":220,"height":314,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dilihat dari perolehan hasil penelitian dan serta pembahasan didapat simpulan bahwa dengan menggunakan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik ternyata hasil belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran matematika materi statistika kelas VIII F SMPN 1 Karangjati Ngawi yaitu meningkat. Adapun keberhasilan ini dapat dilihat dari hasil penelitian bahwa pada tahap pra siklus nilai rata-rata siswa yaitu 60,74, pada siklus 1 meningkat menjadi 69,20 dan pada siklus II 7,01. Ditinjau berdasarkan ketuntasan belajar siswa sejumlah 9 anak dengan presentase 29,03% pada pra siklus mengalami tuntas, meningkat menjadi 19 siswa dengan presentase 61,3% mengalami tuntas pada siklus I, selanjutnya meningkat 26 siswa yang mengalami tuntas pada siklus II dengan presentase 83,9%. Dengan demikian adanya guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran menggunaan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.","type":"Text"},{"left":306,"top":442,"width":113,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"DAFTAR PUSTAKA","type":"Section header"},{"left":306,"top":456,"width":220,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Daryanto, & Dwicahyono, A. (2014).","type":"Text"},{"left":335,"top":469,"width":192,"height":39,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran. Yogyakarta: Gava Media","type":"Table"},{"left":306,"top":511,"width":220,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Firdaus, Anisa. 2013. Pengertian Belajar dan","type":"Text"},{"left":335,"top":525,"width":52,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Mengajar.","type":"Table"},{"left":306,"top":538,"width":221,"height":80,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"http://firdausanisaa.blogspot.com/2013 /09/iii-pengertian-belajar- mengajar.html (diakses 29 Juli 2023) Mardika, I. K. (2020). Upaya meningkatkan sikap ilmiah dan hasil belajar kimia melalui","type":"Text"},{"left":407,"top":607,"width":119,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"penerapan model","type":"Table"},{"left":335,"top":621,"width":191,"height":25,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"pembelajaran inkuiri. Indonesian Journal of Educational Development ,","type":"Table"},{"left":335,"top":649,"width":26,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1(2),","type":"List item"},{"left":480,"top":649,"width":46,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"311-321.","type":"Table"},{"left":335,"top":663,"width":187,"height":24,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.400613 5.","type":"List item"},{"left":306,"top":690,"width":220,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Mayudana, I K. Y. & Sukendra, I K. (2020).","type":"List item"},{"left":335,"top":704,"width":192,"height":52,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Analisis kebijakan penyederhanaan rpp (surat edaran menteri pendidikan dan kebudayaan nomor 14 tahun 2019. Indonesian Journal of Educational","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":35,"width":90,"height":42,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"π (Phi)","type":"Page header"},{"left":394,"top":49,"width":129,"height":32,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Volume 7 Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 DOI 10.33087/phi.v7i2.305","type":"Page header"},{"left":507,"top":773,"width":19,"height":10,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"170","type":"Page footer"},{"left":72,"top":784,"width":238,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Ninis Fitria Dwi Hastuti 1 , Raden Sulaiman 2 , Yuli Kristiani 3","type":"Text"},{"left":72,"top":797,"width":407,"height":9,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Dengan Berbantuan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Pada Materi Statistika","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":97,"width":192,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Development , 1(1), 61-68.","type":"Table"},{"left":72,"top":111,"width":220,"height":107,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3760 682. Nurramah, A & Suhendar, A. M. (2018). Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Matematika Dengan Menggunakan LKS Dan KKS. JKPM (Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Matematika) Unindra, 3(1), 1-10. Prastowo, A. (2015). Panduan Kreatif","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":221,"width":192,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Membuat Bahan Ajar Inovatif.","type":"Table"},{"left":100,"top":235,"width":120,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Yogyakarta: Diva Press.","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":249,"width":220,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Septian, R., Irianto, S., & Andriani, A.","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":262,"width":192,"height":11,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"(2019). Pengembangan Lembar Kerja","type":"List item"},{"left":72,"top":276,"width":220,"height":66,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Peserta Didik (LKPD) Matematika Berbasis Model Realistic Mathematics Education. Jurnal Education FKIP UNMA, 5(1) Widiansyah, A. (2018). Peranan Sumber","type":"Text"},{"left":96,"top":345,"width":197,"height":39,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Daya Pendidikan sebagai Faktor Penentu dalam Manajemen Sistem Pendidikan. Manajemen Sistem","type":"Table"},{"left":96,"top":387,"width":193,"height":52,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pendidikan. Cakrawala, 18(2), 229– 234. http://ejournal.bsi.ac.id/ejurnal/index.ph p/cakrawala","type":"Text"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 35,\n \"width\": 90,\n \"height\": 42,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"π (Phi)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 394,\n \"top\": 49,\n \"width\": 129,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Volume 7 Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 DOI 10.33087/phi.v7i2.305\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 507,\n \"top\": 773,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"165\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 784,\n \"width\": 238,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Ninis Fitria Dwi Hastuti 1 , Raden Sulaiman 2 , Yuli Kristiani 3\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 797,\n \"width\": 407,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Dengan Berbantuan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Pada Materi Statistika\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 76,\n \"top\": 97,\n \"width\": 447,\n \"height\": 27,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR DENGAN BERBANTUAN LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATERI STATISTIKA\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 146,\n \"top\": 136,\n \"width\": 304,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Ninis Fitria Dwi Hastuti 1 , Raden Sulaiman 2 , Yuli Kristiani 3\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 120,\n \"top\": 150,\n \"width\": 355,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pendidikan Profesi Guru Prajabatan Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia 1,2 SMP Negeri 1 Karangjati, Ngawi, Indonesia 3\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 107,\n \"top\": 175,\n \"width\": 381,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"e-mail: fitrianinis99@gmail.com , radensulaiman@unesa.ac,id , yulikrist23780@gmail.com\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 271,\n \"top\": 198,\n \"width\": 59,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ABSTRAK\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 211,\n \"width\": 402,\n \"height\": 160,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang menggunakan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik pada materi statistika. Siswa yang berjumlah 31 di kelas VIII F SMPN 1 Karangjati Ngawi adalah subjek penelitian tindakan kelas ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui tahap pra siklus kemudian siklus I dan dilanjutkan ketahap siklus II, dimana pada siklusnya melibatkan rancangan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Objek penelitian yaitu hasil belajar yang telah didapatkan siswa saat mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran pada mata pelajaran matematika materi statistika. Adapun hasil belajar diperoleh berdasarkan tes yang telah dilakukan oleh siswa. Penelitian ini memperoleh hasil bahwa pada tahap pra siklus nilai rata-rata siswa yaitu 60,74, pada siklus 1 meningkat menjadi 69,20 dan pada siklus II 7,01. Ditinjau berdasarkan ketuntasan belajar siswa sejumlah 9 anak dengan presentase 29,03% pada pra siklus mengalami tuntas, meningkat menjadi 19 siswa dengan presentase 61,3% mengalami tuntas pada siklus I, selanjutnya meningkat 26 siswa yang mengalami tuntas pada siklus II dengan presentase 83,9%. Dengan demikian adanya guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran menggunaan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa .\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 384,\n \"width\": 173,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kata kunci : Hasil Belajar; Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 270,\n \"top\": 419,\n \"width\": 56,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ABSTRACT\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 431,\n \"width\": 399,\n \"height\": 159,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"This research is a classroom action research that uses Student Worksheets to improve student learning outcomes in statistics material. 31 students in class VIII F of SMPN 1 Karangjati Ngawi were the subjects of this classroom action research. This research was conducted through the pre cycle stage then cycle I and continued to stage cycle II, which in the cycle involves design, implementation, observation, and reflection. The object of research is the learning outcomes that have been obtained by students when participating in learning activities in mathematics subject statistics material. The learning outcomes are obtained based on tests that have been carried out by students. This study obtained the results that at the pre-cycle stage the average value of students was 60.74, in cycle 1 it increased to 69.20 and in cycle II 7.01. In terms of student learning completeness, 9 children with a percentage of 29.03% in the pre-cycle experienced completion, increased to 19 students with a percentage of 61.3% experienced completion in cycle I, then an increase of 26 students who experienced completion in cycle II with a percentage of 83, 9%. Thus the presence of teachers in carrying out learning using Student Worksheets can improve student learning outcomes.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 604,\n \"width\": 161,\n \"height\": 20,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Keywords : Learning outcomes; Student Worksheets\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 639,\n \"width\": 96,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"PENDAHULUAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 653,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 107,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Suatu hal yang diperlukan oleh manusia salah satunya yaitu menempuh sebuah pendidikan. Pendidikan berguna untuk mengembangkan sumber daya manusia yang dapat dilaksanakan mulai dari jenjang sekolah dasar, menengah bahkan perhuruan tinggi. Meningkatkan pengetahuan, keahlian serta perilaku dan\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 306,\n \"top\": 639,\n \"width\": 221,\n \"height\": 121,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"norma-norma merupakan proses pengembangan sumber daya manusia sehingga sanggup membiasakan diri dengan lingkungannya (Widiansyah, 2018). Salah satu tujuan dari adanya Pendidikan yaitu menjadikan siswa yang berpengatahuan, berketrampilan, memiliki sikap yang baik dimana hal ini merupakan hasil belajar dari suatu kegiatan proses pembelajaran. Proses\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 35,\n \"width\": 90,\n \"height\": 42,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"π (Phi)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 394,\n \"top\": 49,\n \"width\": 129,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Volume 7 Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 DOI 10.33087/phi.v7i2.305\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 507,\n \"top\": 773,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"166\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 784,\n \"width\": 238,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Ninis Fitria Dwi Hastuti 1 , Raden Sulaiman 2 , Yuli Kristiani 3\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 797,\n \"width\": 407,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Dengan Berbantuan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Pada Materi Statistika\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 97,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 94,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"pembelajaran sangatlah penting dan berpengaruh dalam sebuah Pendidikan, dalam proses pembelajaran akan menambah ilmu serta ketrampilan siswa. Sehingga guru dalam melaksanakan kegiatan pembelajaran akan semaksimal mungkin menjadikan siswa menjadi lebih baik dari sebelumnya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 193,\n \"width\": 221,\n \"height\": 508,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Agar kegiatan pembelajaran berjalan dengan maksimal dan prosesnya lancer maka diperlukan perencanaan sebelum dilakukan pembelajaran (Mayudana & Sukendra, 2020). Hasil belajar peserta didik yang bagus merupakan salah satu komponen bahwa pembelajaran dapat dikatakan berhasil. Hasil belajar merupakan keterampilan yang dipunyai siswa setelah mengikuti proses pembelajaran Nana Sudjana (Anisa Firdaus: 2013). Berdasarkan kegiatan proses pembelajaran matematika di SMPN 1 Karangjati, dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan pembelajaran dikelas, gurulah yang menjadi pusat dalam pembelajaran sehingga keaktifan siswa belum muncul, hanya sesekali ada interaksi dengan guru saat menjelaskan materi. Saat kegiatan pembelajaran guru tidak pernah membuat siswa diskusi kelompok sehingga interaksinyapun sebatas guru dan peserta didik secara umum saja. Kemudian sumber belajar dikelas kurang, siswa hanya menggunakan buku paket saja, ketika melaksanakan kegiatan mengajar dikelas guru tidak pernah memakai Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik, sehingga motivasi belajar siswa kurang yang menyebabkan siswa merasa bosan sehingga hasil belajar yang diperoleh peserta didik juga tidak maksimal. Dalam perihal ini dibuktikan pada perolehan nilai hasil belajar peserta didik ketika melaksanakan PTS Genap 2022/2023 di kelas VIII F memperoleh nilai rata-rata 57 yang mana perolehan rata-rata tersebut masih dibawah KKM yang telah ditentukan yaitu 69.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 704,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dalam melaksanakan kegiatan pembelajaran guru harus memiliki kretifitas dalam memilih atau menggunakan media pembelajaran yang sesuai sehingga nantinya\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 306,\n \"top\": 97,\n \"width\": 221,\n \"height\": 577,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"dapat mendukung kegiatan pembelajaran. Hal ini sejalan dengan pendapat Mardika (2020) jika terdapat masalah dalam pembelajaran, guru harus kreatif untuk menyelesaikannya agar pembelajaran lebih baik lagi bagi siswa. Satu diantara media pembelajaran yang dianggap mampu memfasilitasi peserta didik seta mampu meningkatkan minat peserta didik sehingga nantinya dapat memaksimalkan perolehan hasil belajar setelah melaksanakan pembelajaran yaitu berupa Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik. Menurut (Nurramah & Suhendar, 2018) alat yang dapat memmbantu peserta didikdalam memahami konsep matematika yaitu lembar kerja. Adanya penggunaan Lembar Kerja Peserta didik akan mengurangi peran seorang guru dan akan memudahkan siswa untuk memeahami materi dalam pembelajaran. LKPD berfungsi sebagai acuan untuk peserta didik dalam melaksanakan kegiatan serta memberikan arahan tentang cara menyelesaikan tugas (Daryanto & Dwicahyono, 2014). Menurut (Prastowo, 2015) lembar kerja peserta didik merupakan bahan acuan ajar berbentuk cetak yang berisikan perihal materi, rangkuman, serta instruksi untuk mengerjakan tugas belajar mengacu pada kemampuan dasar yang wajib diraih oleh siswa. Pemakaian LKPD dalam pembelajaran mampu meningkatkan pemahaman peserta didik terkait pembelajaran serta berdampak pada capaian belajar terutama matematika Septian et al. (2019). Dengan demikian, penerapan LKPD akan berdampak pada pelaksanaan pembelajaran dan hasil belajar siswa salah satunya yaitu dalam pembelajaran matematika. Oleh karena itu, LKPD dapat dipergunakan untuk permasalahan kegiatan pembelajaran matematika.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 306,\n \"top\": 676,\n \"width\": 221,\n \"height\": 80,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dalam hal ini diperlukan penelitian tindakan kelar yang mempunyai tujuan agar hasil belajar dapat meningkat khususnya materi Statistika menggunakan lembar kerja peserta didik untuk siswa VII F SMPN 1 Karangjati.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 35,\n \"width\": 90,\n \"height\": 42,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"π (Phi)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 394,\n \"top\": 49,\n \"width\": 129,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Volume 7 Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 DOI 10.33087/phi.v7i2.305\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 507,\n \"top\": 773,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"167\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 784,\n \"width\": 238,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Ninis Fitria Dwi Hastuti 1 , Raden Sulaiman 2 , Yuli Kristiani 3\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 797,\n \"width\": 407,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Dengan Berbantuan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Pada Materi Statistika\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 97,\n \"width\": 134,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"METODE PENELITIAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 111,\n \"width\": 221,\n \"height\": 521,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Adapun subjek penelitian yaitu siswa SMPN 1 Karangjati kelas VIII F yang berjumlah 30 siswa. Sumber data penelitian ini berasal dari hasil belajar peserta didik yang diperoleh dari tahap prasiklus, tahap siklus I dan siklus II dimana setiap siklusnya terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Pada tahap perencanaan yang dilakukan disetiap siklus berkaitan dengan penataan rencana belajar termasuk juga penyusunan serta penyesuaian RPP dan LKPD, pada tahap pelaksanaan yaitu berkaitan dengan melakasanakan kegiatan pembelajaran sesuai dengan perencanaan yang sudah dibuat diawal, kegiatan pengamatan beriringan dengan tahap pelaksanaan saat kegiatan pembelajaran berlangsung, adapun untuk refleksi berkaitan dengan tahap akhir disetiap siklus yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui tindak lanjut serta perkembangan siklus yang dilakukan. Objek penelitian yaitu hasil belajar peserta didik pada materi statistika yang ada di mata pelajaran matematika, data hasil belajar diperoleh dari hasil tes siswa. Hasil tes peserta didik selanjutnya dianalisis untuk mengetahui serta menentukan kentuntasan peserta didik dan mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik, keberhasilan penelitian ini dapat tercapai apabila peserta didik mendapatkan nilai Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) yaitu 69, jumlah keseluruhan rata-rata peserta didik setiap siklus <80% dari peserta didik menerima nilai di atas KKM. Adapun untuk perhitungan sebagai berikut:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 306,\n \"top\": 97,\n \"width\": 158,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 306,\n \"top\": 111,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 38,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pelaksanaan penelitian ini terdiri dari pra siklus, siklus I dan siklus II, adapun hasil dan pembahasan sebagai berikut:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 306,\n \"top\": 152,\n \"width\": 56,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pra Siklus\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 306,\n \"top\": 166,\n \"width\": 221,\n \"height\": 259,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tahap awal dalam penelitian pra siklus ini yaitu menyusun RPP serta menyusun media pembelajaran sederhana yang nantinya akan diterapkan dalam proses kegiatan mengajar dikelas. Pada tahap pelaksaan pra siklus ini yaitu implementasi dari apa yang telah direncanakan. Adapun tahap pelaksaan ini dilakukan selama 1 kali pertemuan. Pada tahap pelaksaan pra siklus ini guru menggunakan metode demonstrasi dan pada awal kegiatan guru melaksanakan tes diagnostic kognitif dan juga kognitif untuk mengetahui kesiapan belajar siswa serta kemampuan awal siswa. Pada tahap pengamatan ini berdampingan dengan tahap pelaksanaan, pada tahap pengamatan diperoleh hasil belajar siswa berupa nilai, adapun data hasil belajar siswa pada tahap pra siklus sebagai berikut:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 334,\n \"top\": 428,\n \"width\": 164,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 1. Perolehan Hasil Tes Pra Siklus\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 326,\n \"top\": 440,\n \"width\": 178,\n \"height\": 100,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"No Hasil Evaluasi Jumlah Peserta Didik Siklus I 1 Rata-rata nilai siswa 31 60,74 2 Tuntas 9 29,03% 3 Tidak Tuntas 22 70,96%\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 306,\n \"top\": 556,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 190,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dari perolehan data tersebut, persentase jumlah perserta didik yang tuntas dalam belajar dengan memperoleh nilai lebih dari KKM 69 yaitu sebesar 29,03%, sedangkam perolehan persentase jumlah peserta didik yang dinyatakan tidak tuntas dalam belajar yatu siswa yang nilainya kurang dari KKM 69 yaitu sebesar 70,96%. Sehingga, jumlah peserta didik yang dapat mengerjakan soal- soal yang berhubungan dengan statiska sejumlah 9 siswa, dengan nilai rata-rata yang didapatkan dalam pra siklus ini yaitu sebesar 60,74. Berdasarkan hasil pra siklus I masih diperlukan suatu perubahan agar hasil\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 35,\n \"width\": 90,\n \"height\": 42,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"π (Phi)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 394,\n \"top\": 49,\n \"width\": 129,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Volume 7 Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 DOI 10.33087/phi.v7i2.305\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 507,\n \"top\": 773,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"168\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 784,\n \"width\": 238,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Ninis Fitria Dwi Hastuti 1 , Raden Sulaiman 2 , Yuli Kristiani 3\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 797,\n \"width\": 407,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Dengan Berbantuan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Pada Materi Statistika\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 97,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"belajar meningkat, yaitu nnatinya perubahan tersebut dilakukan pada siklus I\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 125,\n \"width\": 42,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Siklus I\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 138,\n \"width\": 221,\n \"height\": 315,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tahap awal dalam penelitian siklus I ini yaitu menyusun RPP serta menyusun dan menyesuaikan LKPD yang nantinya akan diterapkan dalam proses kegiatan mengajar dikelas. Pada tahap pelaksaan Siklus I ini yaitu implementasi dari apa yang telah direncanakan, guru menggunakan LKPD dalam membantu proses kegiatan belajar mengajar. Adapun tahap pelaksaan ini dilakukan selama 1 kali pertemuan. Berdasatkan dari hasil tahap prasiklus maka dilakukan perbaikan yaitu mulai dari perencenaan serta implementasi penerapan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik dalam kegiatan pembelajaran matematika. Dalam pelaksaan siklus 1 ini guru memanfaatkan media pembelajaran Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Tahap pengamatan ini berdampingan dengan tahap pelaksanaan, pada tahap pengamatan diperoleh hasil belajar siswa berupa nilai, adapun data hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I sebagai berikut:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 126,\n \"top\": 455,\n \"width\": 111,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 2. Hasil Tes Siklus I\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 73,\n \"top\": 467,\n \"width\": 214,\n \"height\": 82,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"No Hasil Evaluasi Jumlah Peserta Didik Siklus I 1 Rata-rata nilai siswa 31 69,20 2 Tuntas 19 61,3% 3 Tidak Tuntas 12 38,7%\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 570,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 191,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dari perolehan data tersebut, persentase jumlah perserta didik yang tuntas dalam belajar dengan memperoleh nilai lebih dari KKM 69 yaitu sebesar 61,3%, sedangkam perolehan persentase jumlah peserta didik yang dinyatakan tidak tuntas dalam belajar yatu siswa yang nilainya kurang dari KKM 69 yaitu sebesar 38,7%. Sehingga, jumlah peserta didik yang mampu menyelesaikan soal-soal yang berkaitan dengan statiska sejumlah 19 siswa, dengan nilai rata-rata yang didapatkan dalam siklus I ini yaitu sebesar 69,20. Berdasarkan hasil pra siklus dan juga siklus I, terlihat bahwa terdapat\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 306,\n \"top\": 97,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 149,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"kenaikan jumlah ketuntasan belajar siswa dan ratarata kelas nilai siswa, meskipun tidak signifikan hal ini dikarenakan siswa belum terbiasa dalam menggunakan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik, sehingga siswa masih membutuhkan penjelasan yang detail dalam menu Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik. Berdasarkan hasil data ketuntasan belajar yang belum mencapai nilai yang diharapkan yaitu sebesar 80%, sehingga dengan hal ini penelitian dilanjutkan pada siklus II.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 306,\n \"top\": 249,\n \"width\": 47,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Siklus II\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 306,\n \"top\": 262,\n \"width\": 221,\n \"height\": 384,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tahap awal dalam penelitian siklus II ini yaitu menyusun RPP serta menyusun dan menyesuaikan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik yang akan digunakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran serta melakukan perbaikan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik berdasarkan kegiatan siklus I. Pada tahap pelaksanan Siklus II ini yaitu implementasi dari apa yang telah direncanakan, guru menggunakan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik dalam membantu proses kegiatan belajar mengajar. Adapun tahap pelaksaan ini dilakukan selama 1 kali pertemuan. Berdasatkan dari hasil tahap siklus II maka dilakukan perbaikan yaitu mulai dari perencenaan serta implementasi penerapan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik dalam kegiatan pembelajaran matematika. Dalam pelaksaan siklus II ini guru melakukan perbaikan pada LKPD, kemudian memberikan arahan kepada siswa untuk memahami alur serta langkah-langlah pengerjaan serta memberikan dukungan semangat agar mendapatkan hasil beajar yang meningkat. Tahap pengamatan ini berdampingan dengan tahap pelaksanaan, pada tahap pengamatan diperoleh hasil belajar siswa berupa nilai, adapun data hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I sebagai berikut:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 357,\n \"top\": 648,\n \"width\": 118,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 3. Hasil Tes Siklus II\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 319,\n \"top\": 661,\n \"width\": 177,\n \"height\": 99,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"No Hasil Evaluasi Jumlah Peserta Didik Siklus II 1 Rata-rata nilai siswa 31 79,01 2 Tuntas 26 83,9% 3 Tidak Tuntas 5 16,1%\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 35,\n \"width\": 90,\n \"height\": 42,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"π (Phi)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 394,\n \"top\": 49,\n \"width\": 129,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Volume 7 Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 DOI 10.33087/phi.v7i2.305\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 507,\n \"top\": 773,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"169\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 784,\n \"width\": 238,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Ninis Fitria Dwi Hastuti 1 , Raden Sulaiman 2 , Yuli Kristiani 3\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 797,\n \"width\": 407,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Dengan Berbantuan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Pada Materi Statistika\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 97,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 659,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dari perolehan data tersebut, persentase jumlah perserta didik yang tuntas dalam belajar dengan memperoleh nilai lebih dari KKM 69 yaitu sebesar 83,9% sedangkam perolehan persentase jumlah peserta didik yang dinyatakan tidak tuntas dalam belajar yatu siswa yang nilainya kurang dari KKM 69 yaitu sebesar 16,1%. Sehingga, jumlah peserta didik yang mampu menyelesaikan soal-soal yang berkaitan dengan statistika sejumlah 26 siswa, dengan nilai rata-rata yang didapatkan dalam siklus II ini yaitu sebesar 79,01. Berdasarkan hasil siklis II nilai rata-rata siswa sebesar 79,01 dan sebanyak 26 siswa telah tuntas dalam pertemuan kali ini. Hal ini merupakan keberhasilan yang telah dilakukan guru untuk memperbaiki Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik yang berkaitan dengan langkah- langkah atau cara penggunaan pemanfaatan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik sehingga siswa memahami cara penggunaan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik yang dapat membantu meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa penggunaan LKPD dapat meningkatka hasil belajar peserta didik, sehingga penelitian ini tidak dilanjutkan ke siklus berikutnya, Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil pra siklus, siklus I dan siklus II terdapat peningkatan mulai dari nilai rata pada pra siklus 60,74 meningkat menjadi 69,20 pada siklus I dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 7,01. Dilihat dari ketuntasan belajar siswa pada pra siklus sebanyak 9 siswa tuntas dengan presentase 29,03% menjadi 19 siswa yang mengalami tuntas dengan presentase 61,3% pada siklus I dan siklus II meningkat 26 siswa yang mengalami tuntas dengan presentase 83,9%. Dalam hal ini target ketuntasan sudah terpenuhi yaitu minimal 80% siswa telah tuntas mendapatkan nilai diatas KKM 69. Sehingga penelitian tindakan kelas adanya pengunaan Lembar kerja Peserta Didik dapat dikatakan berhasil meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran matematika materi statistika kelas VIII F SMPN 1 Karangjati Ngawi.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 306,\n \"top\": 97,\n \"width\": 140,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"SIMPULAN DAN SARAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 306,\n \"top\": 111,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 314,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dilihat dari perolehan hasil penelitian dan serta pembahasan didapat simpulan bahwa dengan menggunakan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik ternyata hasil belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran matematika materi statistika kelas VIII F SMPN 1 Karangjati Ngawi yaitu meningkat. Adapun keberhasilan ini dapat dilihat dari hasil penelitian bahwa pada tahap pra siklus nilai rata-rata siswa yaitu 60,74, pada siklus 1 meningkat menjadi 69,20 dan pada siklus II 7,01. Ditinjau berdasarkan ketuntasan belajar siswa sejumlah 9 anak dengan presentase 29,03% pada pra siklus mengalami tuntas, meningkat menjadi 19 siswa dengan presentase 61,3% mengalami tuntas pada siklus I, selanjutnya meningkat 26 siswa yang mengalami tuntas pada siklus II dengan presentase 83,9%. Dengan demikian adanya guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran menggunaan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 306,\n \"top\": 442,\n \"width\": 113,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"DAFTAR PUSTAKA\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 306,\n \"top\": 456,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Daryanto, & Dwicahyono, A. (2014).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 335,\n \"top\": 469,\n \"width\": 192,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran. Yogyakarta: Gava Media\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 306,\n \"top\": 511,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Firdaus, Anisa. 2013. Pengertian Belajar dan\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 335,\n \"top\": 525,\n \"width\": 52,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Mengajar.\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 306,\n \"top\": 538,\n \"width\": 221,\n \"height\": 80,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"http://firdausanisaa.blogspot.com/2013 /09/iii-pengertian-belajar- mengajar.html (diakses 29 Juli 2023) Mardika, I. K. (2020). Upaya meningkatkan sikap ilmiah dan hasil belajar kimia melalui\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 407,\n \"top\": 607,\n \"width\": 119,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"penerapan model\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 335,\n \"top\": 621,\n \"width\": 191,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"pembelajaran inkuiri. Indonesian Journal of Educational Development ,\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 335,\n \"top\": 649,\n \"width\": 26,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1(2),\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 480,\n \"top\": 649,\n \"width\": 46,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"311-321.\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 335,\n \"top\": 663,\n \"width\": 187,\n \"height\": 24,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.400613 5.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 306,\n \"top\": 690,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Mayudana, I K. Y. & Sukendra, I K. (2020).\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 335,\n \"top\": 704,\n \"width\": 192,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Analisis kebijakan penyederhanaan rpp (surat edaran menteri pendidikan dan kebudayaan nomor 14 tahun 2019. Indonesian Journal of Educational\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 35,\n \"width\": 90,\n \"height\": 42,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"π (Phi)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 394,\n \"top\": 49,\n \"width\": 129,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Volume 7 Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 DOI 10.33087/phi.v7i2.305\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 507,\n \"top\": 773,\n \"width\": 19,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"170\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 784,\n \"width\": 238,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Ninis Fitria Dwi Hastuti 1 , Raden Sulaiman 2 , Yuli Kristiani 3\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 797,\n \"width\": 407,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Dengan Berbantuan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Pada Materi Statistika\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 97,\n \"width\": 192,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Development , 1(1), 61-68.\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 111,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 107,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3760 682. Nurramah, A & Suhendar, A. M. (2018). Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Matematika Dengan Menggunakan LKS Dan KKS. JKPM (Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Matematika) Unindra, 3(1), 1-10. Prastowo, A. (2015). Panduan Kreatif\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 221,\n \"width\": 192,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Membuat Bahan Ajar Inovatif.\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 235,\n \"width\": 120,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Yogyakarta: Diva Press.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 249,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Septian, R., Irianto, S., & Andriani, A.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 262,\n \"width\": 192,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"(2019). Pengembangan Lembar Kerja\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 72,\n \"top\": 276,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 66,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Peserta Didik (LKPD) Matematika Berbasis Model Realistic Mathematics Education. Jurnal Education FKIP UNMA, 5(1) Widiansyah, A. (2018). Peranan Sumber\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 96,\n \"top\": 345,\n \"width\": 197,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Daya Pendidikan sebagai Faktor Penentu dalam Manajemen Sistem Pendidikan. Manajemen Sistem\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 96,\n \"top\": 387,\n \"width\": 193,\n \"height\": 52,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pendidikan. Cakrawala, 18(2), 229– 234. http://ejournal.bsi.ac.id/ejurnal/index.ph p/cakrawala\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n }\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":1496,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"string","value":"3c169df5-aa00-741f-8387-faff2f01636e"},"url":{"kind":"string","value":"https://ejournals.umn.ac.id/index.php/TI/article/download/317/283"},"data":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"left":100,"top":767,"width":252,"height":18,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ULTIMATICS, Vol. IV, No. 2 | Desember 2012","type":"Page footer"},{"left":69,"top":768,"width":12,"height":16,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"28","type":"Page footer"},{"left":89,"top":63,"width":88,"height":18,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ISSN 2085-4552","type":"Section header"},{"left":174,"top":87,"width":219,"height":32,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gamified e-Commerce","type":"Section header"},{"left":175,"top":126,"width":217,"height":18,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"A New Paradigm on e-Media Business","type":"Section header"},{"left":254,"top":152,"width":58,"height":14,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Seng Hansun","type":"Text"},{"left":98,"top":171,"width":371,"height":25,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Program Studi Teknik Informatika, Universitas Multimedia Nusantara, Tangerang, Indonesia hansun@umn.ac.id","type":"Text"},{"left":226,"top":207,"width":115,"height":13,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Diterima 23 November 2012","type":"Text"},{"left":225,"top":219,"width":116,"height":13,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Disetujui 30 November 2012","type":"Table"},{"left":57,"top":236,"width":219,"height":55,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Abstract —Nowadays, e-commerce and e-business have increasingly become a necessary component of business strategy. It’s also become a strong catalyst for economic development. We can see it through the report given by various authors [1, 2, 3].","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":290,"width":222,"height":98,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gamification, on the other hand, is a new term used to describe the using of game elements and game design techniques in other non-game areas/activities, such as business, education, health, politics, etc [4]. Gamification studies and improvements also take place on the e-commerce fields, as we can see on some e-commerce sites, such as ebay, foursquare, amazon gold box, and salesforce.com which has implement the gamification concept on their sites.","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":387,"width":218,"height":66,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"On this paper, we will explore this new paradigm on e-media business: the usage of gamification concept on e-commerce field. Is it possible? What are the advantages? And what are the disadvantages? All this questions lead us to the new term known as GE-commerce (Gamified E-commerce).","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":462,"width":218,"height":23,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Index Terms— e-commerce, gamification, business strategy, ge-commerce","type":"Text"},{"left":115,"top":493,"width":98,"height":13,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"I. INTRODUCTION","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":515,"width":221,"height":85,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"In the emerging global economy, e-commerce has increasingly become a necessary component of business strategy. The rapid development of information and communications technology (ICT) in business has taken its’ part, especially in enhancing productivity, encouraging greater customer participation, enabling mass customization, and reducing costs [1].","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":609,"width":220,"height":97,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Some big players on e-commerce business have taken a step forward by using various techniques to increase their traffic and enlarge their customers, which lead to improvement to their revenue. One technique been used lately is by applying some game elements and game design techniques on their sites. Amazon gold box, foursquare, salesforce, and even one of the biggest online’s auction, the ebay have implemented it.","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":715,"width":220,"height":37,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"This technique, that used the game concept on non-game contexts, is known as gamification. It’s a new emerging business practice that can be applied","type":"Text"},{"left":295,"top":238,"width":218,"height":61,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"to many fields, such as education, health, politics, and business. On e-commerce itself, the implementation of gamification on e-commerce is known as G-commerce, or as the author’s proposed GE-commerce (gamified e-commerce).","type":"Text"},{"left":358,"top":307,"width":90,"height":14,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"II. E-COMMERCE","type":"Text"},{"left":295,"top":330,"width":220,"height":85,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Electronic commerce or e-commerce is the use of electronic communications and digital processing technology in business transactions to create, transform, and redefine relationships for value creation between or among organizations, and between organizations and individuals. Usually, it refers to a wide range of online business activities for products and services [1].","type":"Text"},{"left":295,"top":424,"width":224,"height":145,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"There are some major types of e-commerce, such as business-to-business (B2B) which is the e-commerce between companies; business-to-consumer (B2C) which involves the consumer to gather information, purchasing physical or informational goods, and receiving it; business-to-government (B2G) which is the commerce between companies and the public sector; consumer-to-consumer (C2C) which is the commerce between individuals or consumers; and mobile commerce (m-commerce) which is defined as the buying and selling of goods and services through wireless technology.","type":"Text"},{"left":295,"top":578,"width":222,"height":85,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Although as reported by J. E. Lawrence and U. A. Tar [3], there are some barriers hindering e-commerce adoption in developing countries, range from the infrastructural barriers to political and governmental barriers; as displayed in figure 1, many experts still predict the e-commerce platform as the top three area of investment in 2012 [2].","type":"Text"},{"left":418,"top":63,"width":88,"height":18,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ISSN 2085-4552","type":"Page header"},{"left":245,"top":767,"width":252,"height":18,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ULTIMATICS, Vol. IV, No. 2 | Desember 2012","type":"Page footer"},{"left":513,"top":768,"width":12,"height":16,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"29","type":"Page footer"},{"left":87,"top":221,"width":211,"height":13,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Fig. 1. e-commerce is top three priorities for 2012 [2]","type":"Text"},{"left":145,"top":243,"width":96,"height":13,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"III. GAMIFICATION","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":265,"width":223,"height":61,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gamification is a new term and concept in both theoretical and practical knowledge. Here, some basic concepts on gamification will be given. Besides that, the six-steps to be considerate when designing a gamification framework will be explained.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":335,"width":76,"height":13,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"A. Basic Concepts","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":357,"width":220,"height":61,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gamification is the use of game elements and game design techniques in non-game contexts, such as health, education, politics, public sector, and business. It was an emerging new brand concept in the past couple of years.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":559,"width":221,"height":191,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Fig. 2. Pyramid of gamification elements Figure 2 above describe the pyramid of gamification elements. On the highest level, there is dynamics level which is the conceptual level, where the constraints, emotions, narrative, progression, and relationships of gamification been decided. The second level is the mechanics level which describe as processes that drive action forward, such as challenges, chance, competition, cooperation, feedback, resource acquisition, rewards, transactions, turns, and win states. Lastly, on the lowest level, there are components, define as specific instantiations of dynamics and mechanics, such as achievements, avatars, badges, boss fight, gifting, content unlocking, leaderboards, levels, points, quests, social graph, virtual goods, etc.","type":"Text"},{"left":323,"top":91,"width":225,"height":85,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"People, organization, or company that used gamification on their system to achieve their goals is usually known as gamificator. There are many reasons and goals a gamificator would like to achieve, for example to enhance their employees’ productivity, to increase their loyal customers, or to improve their product demands.","type":"Text"},{"left":323,"top":185,"width":219,"height":49,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"After knowing some basic concepts of gamification, we could implement gamification concept on a system using the gamification design framework as described below.","type":"Text"},{"left":323,"top":242,"width":147,"height":13,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"B. Gamification Design Framework","type":"Section header"},{"left":323,"top":265,"width":222,"height":49,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"There are some steps we need to know when designing a gamification system. Here are the six-step of gamification design framework as described by K. Werbach and D. Hunter [4]:","type":"Text"},{"left":323,"top":323,"width":218,"height":49,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1. Define business objectives. Why are you gamifying? How do you hope to benefit your business, or achieve some other goal such as motivating people to change their behavior?","type":"Text"},{"left":323,"top":381,"width":220,"height":121,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2. Delineate target behaviors. What do you want your players to do? And what are the metrics that will allow you to measure them? These behaviors should promote your business objectives, although the relationship may be indirect. For example, your business goal might be to increase sales, but your target behavior could be for visitors to spend more time on your website. The metrics should in some fashion provide feedback to the players, letting them know when they are successfully engaging in the intended behaviors.","type":"Text"},{"left":323,"top":511,"width":220,"height":109,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3. Describe your players. Who are the people who will be participating in your gamified activity? What is their relationship to you? For example, are they prospective customers, employees at your organization, or some other community? And what are they like? You can describe your players using demographics (such as age and gender), psychographics (such as their values and personalities), Bartle’s player types [5], or some other framework.","type":"Text"},{"left":323,"top":629,"width":222,"height":121,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"4. Devise your activity loops. Explore in greater detail how you will motivate your players using engagement and progression loops. First, describe the kinds of feedback your system will offer the players to encourage further action, and explain how this feedback will work to motivate the players. Second, how if at all will players progress in your system? This includes how the system will get new players engaged, and how it will remain interesting for more experienced players.","type":"Text"},{"left":100,"top":767,"width":252,"height":18,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ULTIMATICS, Vol. IV, No. 2 | Desember 2012","type":"Page footer"},{"left":69,"top":768,"width":12,"height":16,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"30","type":"Page footer"},{"left":89,"top":63,"width":88,"height":18,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ISSN 2085-4552","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":93,"width":222,"height":109,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"5. Don’t forget the fun. Although more abstract than some of the other elements, ensuring that your gamified system is fun remains as important as the other aspects. In order to fully explore this aspect of the design process, consider how your game would function without any extrinsic rewards. Would you say it was fun? Identify which aspects of the game could continue to motivate players to participate even without rewards.","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":211,"width":222,"height":145,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"6. Deploy the appropriate tools. What are some of the game elements involved and what will the experience be like for the players? What specific choices would you make in deploying your system? For example, you might discuss whether the gamified system is to be experienced primarily on personal computers, mobile devices, or some other platform. You might also describe what feedback, rewards, and other reinforcements the players could receive. Finally, think about whether you’ve tied your decisions back to the other five steps in the process, especially the business objectives.","type":"Text"},{"left":116,"top":365,"width":97,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"IV. GE-COMMERCE","type":"Section header"},{"left":57,"top":387,"width":220,"height":133,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"The implementation of gamification concept on e-commerce media business gave birth to a new term known as GE-commerce (gamified e-commerce). Here, we will see whether it’s possible to apply gamification on e-commerce field? Why do some big players on e-commerce media business use this technique? What are the advantages? And what are the disadvantages? On the last part, there are some screenshots taken from one of the most successful e-commerce sites called foursquare, which has implemented the gamification concept on their system to achieve their business goals.","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":529,"width":160,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"A. New Paradigm on e-Media Business","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":551,"width":221,"height":121,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Implementation of gamification on e-commerce sites has emerging lately. It has become a new paradigm on e-media business. But one question should be considered, is it possible to adapt this technology on all e-commerce field? Clearly the answer to the prior question is it is very possible. All e-commerce sites can be gamified by using some game elements on it. But the more fundamental question should be, whether it’s appropriate or not to use gamification on an e-commerce site?","type":"Text"},{"left":57,"top":681,"width":220,"height":61,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Not everything can be easily gamified. A gamificator should know and understand on the system he/she is trying to gamify. There are some basic rules they need to know and follow when trying to implement the gamification concept on e-media business:","type":"Text"},{"left":295,"top":93,"width":218,"height":25,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1. Do not force the user to perform tasks that increase the effort to make a purchase","type":"Text"},{"left":295,"top":117,"width":203,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2. Never damage the image of the product or store","type":"List item"},{"left":295,"top":129,"width":221,"height":25,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3. Manage attractive targets for the user in short, medium, and long term","type":"Text"},{"left":295,"top":153,"width":218,"height":25,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"4. Manage your gamification to the most common customer of the store","type":"Text"},{"left":295,"top":187,"width":220,"height":85,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"These basic rules can help a gamificator to design and implement gamification concept on an e-commerce site properly. If by using gamification on e-commerce site, it deals adequately with the effort made by the customer to purchase our products, it takes up the image of our products, and it can attracts more customers to the site, then it should be used.","type":"Text"},{"left":295,"top":281,"width":104,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"B. Gamified e-Commerce","type":"Text"},{"left":295,"top":303,"width":222,"height":85,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gamified e-commerce simply is an e-commerce site with gamification on it. Increasingly more and more e-commerce sites has change its’ role as ge- commerce sites. Although there are some widely known advantages to use gamification concept on e-commerce, there are also some disadvantages need to be considered.","type":"Text"},{"left":309,"top":397,"width":179,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Some of the ge-commerce disadvantages are:","type":"Text"},{"left":295,"top":419,"width":196,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1. It should be properly design and implemented","type":"Text"},{"left":295,"top":431,"width":134,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2. It should be properly maintain","type":"List item"},{"left":295,"top":443,"width":212,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3. It can increase the website/system production cost","type":"List item"},{"left":295,"top":465,"width":218,"height":37,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Besides the disadvantages, some advantages widely known when gamification be used on an e-commerce site are:","type":"Text"},{"left":295,"top":511,"width":164,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1. It can increase customers’ satisfaction","type":"List item"},{"left":295,"top":523,"width":161,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2. It can increase customers’ interaction","type":"List item"},{"left":295,"top":535,"width":169,"height":37,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3. It can increase employees’ productivity 4. It can improve company revenue/profit 5. It can upgrade product/company brand","type":"List item"},{"left":295,"top":571,"width":135,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"6. It can reduce operational costs","type":"List item"},{"left":295,"top":593,"width":221,"height":49,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"By knowing the disadvantages and advantages of gamification implementation on e-commerce, it can help the gamificator to get a better result and achievement.","type":"Text"},{"left":295,"top":651,"width":49,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"C. Example","type":"Section header"},{"left":295,"top":673,"width":218,"height":25,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Below here, some screenshots of gamification implementation on foursquare been displayed.","type":"Text"},{"left":418,"top":63,"width":88,"height":18,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ISSN 2085-4552","type":"Page header"},{"left":245,"top":767,"width":252,"height":18,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ULTIMATICS, Vol. IV, No. 2 | Desember 2012","type":"Page footer"},{"left":513,"top":768,"width":12,"height":16,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"31","type":"Page footer"},{"left":142,"top":246,"width":102,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Fig. 3. Foursquare badges","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":268,"width":220,"height":85,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"On figure 3 above, we can see different kinds of badges available for the foursquare user to collect. It can give motivation for the user to do some tasks given to get and collect all the badges. Some can be obtained easily, while some others could be quite difficult, such as meeting and participating in an event on another geographic area.","type":"Text"},{"left":129,"top":516,"width":128,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Fig. 4. Foursquare progress stats","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":538,"width":220,"height":61,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"As we can see on figure 4, the user also can check their progression or stats. It can be used for the user to keep their track among other foursquare users, or just to give them some intrinsic motivation on their achievement.","type":"Text"},{"left":323,"top":92,"width":219,"height":49,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"There are also some ge-commerce sites that widely known, such as Google news site, amazon gold box, ebay, salesforce, Samsung, SAP, etc. Please feel free to try it yourself.","type":"Text"},{"left":388,"top":149,"width":86,"height":14,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"V. CONCLUSION","type":"Text"},{"left":323,"top":172,"width":222,"height":121,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gamification as a new concept and area of study has been widely used in many fields, not to mention on the e-commerce business area. The implementation of gamification concept has become a new paradigm on e-media business, i.e. on e-commerce. Of course, there are some advantages and disadvantages on implementing the new concept on e-commerce, but with proper understanding and techniques used when implementing gamification, will lead the gamificator to the better result and achievement at the end.","type":"Text"},{"left":408,"top":310,"width":46,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"r eferences","type":"List item"},{"left":323,"top":325,"width":217,"height":20,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[1] Z. R. Andam, “e-Commerce and e-Business”, e-ASEAN Task Force, UNDP-APDIP, May 2003.","type":"List item"},{"left":323,"top":345,"width":219,"height":29,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[2] Oracle Endeca, “e-Commerce Trends for 2012: Mobile and Facebook Take Center Stage as Online Retailers Focus on Customers’ Digital Experiences”, Oracle, February 2012.","type":"List item"},{"left":323,"top":375,"width":221,"height":29,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[3] J. E. Lawrence, U. A. Tar, “Barriers to ecommerce in Developing Countries”, Information, Society and Justice, Vol. 3 No. 1, January 2010: pp 23-35.","type":"List item"},{"left":323,"top":404,"width":217,"height":20,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[4] K. Werbach, D. Hunter, “For the Win: Serious Gamification”, Wharton Digital Press, 2012.","type":"List item"},{"left":323,"top":425,"width":221,"height":29,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[5] Bartle, A. Richard, “Understanding the Limits of Theory”, Beyond Game Design: Nine Steps to Creating Better Videogames, Delmar, 2009.","type":"List item"},{"left":323,"top":454,"width":197,"height":11,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[6] https://class.coursera.org, accessed on 20 October 2012.","type":"List item"},{"left":323,"top":466,"width":217,"height":20,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[7] http://gamification.org/wiki/Gamification_of_Commerce, accessed on 24 October 2012.","type":"List item"},{"left":323,"top":486,"width":206,"height":11,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[8] http://gamifyforthewin.com, accessed on 20 October 2012.","type":"List item"},{"left":323,"top":498,"width":216,"height":20,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[9] http://www.brainsins.com/us/blog/gamification-in-e- commerce-basic-rules/1365, accessed on 24 October 2012.","type":"List item"},{"left":323,"top":518,"width":217,"height":20,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"[10] http://www.slideshare.net/PowerReviews/get-yourgameon, accessed on 24 October 2012.","type":"List item"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 767,\n \"width\": 252,\n \"height\": 18,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ULTIMATICS, Vol. IV, No. 2 | Desember 2012\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 69,\n \"top\": 768,\n \"width\": 12,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"28\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 89,\n \"top\": 63,\n \"width\": 88,\n \"height\": 18,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ISSN 2085-4552\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 174,\n \"top\": 87,\n \"width\": 219,\n \"height\": 32,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gamified e-Commerce\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 175,\n \"top\": 126,\n \"width\": 217,\n \"height\": 18,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"A New Paradigm on e-Media Business\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 254,\n \"top\": 152,\n \"width\": 58,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Seng Hansun\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 98,\n \"top\": 171,\n \"width\": 371,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Program Studi Teknik Informatika, Universitas Multimedia Nusantara, Tangerang, Indonesia hansun@umn.ac.id\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 226,\n \"top\": 207,\n \"width\": 115,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Diterima 23 November 2012\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 225,\n \"top\": 219,\n \"width\": 116,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Disetujui 30 November 2012\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 236,\n \"width\": 219,\n \"height\": 55,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Abstract —Nowadays, e-commerce and e-business have increasingly become a necessary component of business strategy. It’s also become a strong catalyst for economic development. We can see it through the report given by various authors [1, 2, 3].\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 290,\n \"width\": 222,\n \"height\": 98,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gamification, on the other hand, is a new term used to describe the using of game elements and game design techniques in other non-game areas/activities, such as business, education, health, politics, etc [4]. Gamification studies and improvements also take place on the e-commerce fields, as we can see on some e-commerce sites, such as ebay, foursquare, amazon gold box, and salesforce.com which has implement the gamification concept on their sites.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 387,\n \"width\": 218,\n \"height\": 66,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"On this paper, we will explore this new paradigm on e-media business: the usage of gamification concept on e-commerce field. Is it possible? What are the advantages? And what are the disadvantages? All this questions lead us to the new term known as GE-commerce (Gamified E-commerce).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 462,\n \"width\": 218,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Index Terms— e-commerce, gamification, business strategy, ge-commerce\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 115,\n \"top\": 493,\n \"width\": 98,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"I. INTRODUCTION\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 515,\n \"width\": 221,\n \"height\": 85,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"In the emerging global economy, e-commerce has increasingly become a necessary component of business strategy. The rapid development of information and communications technology (ICT) in business has taken its’ part, especially in enhancing productivity, encouraging greater customer participation, enabling mass customization, and reducing costs [1].\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 609,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 97,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Some big players on e-commerce business have taken a step forward by using various techniques to increase their traffic and enlarge their customers, which lead to improvement to their revenue. One technique been used lately is by applying some game elements and game design techniques on their sites. Amazon gold box, foursquare, salesforce, and even one of the biggest online’s auction, the ebay have implemented it.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 715,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 37,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"This technique, that used the game concept on non-game contexts, is known as gamification. It’s a new emerging business practice that can be applied\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 295,\n \"top\": 238,\n \"width\": 218,\n \"height\": 61,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"to many fields, such as education, health, politics, and business. On e-commerce itself, the implementation of gamification on e-commerce is known as G-commerce, or as the author’s proposed GE-commerce (gamified e-commerce).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 358,\n \"top\": 307,\n \"width\": 90,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"II. E-COMMERCE\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 295,\n \"top\": 330,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 85,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Electronic commerce or e-commerce is the use of electronic communications and digital processing technology in business transactions to create, transform, and redefine relationships for value creation between or among organizations, and between organizations and individuals. Usually, it refers to a wide range of online business activities for products and services [1].\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 295,\n \"top\": 424,\n \"width\": 224,\n \"height\": 145,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"There are some major types of e-commerce, such as business-to-business (B2B) which is the e-commerce between companies; business-to-consumer (B2C) which involves the consumer to gather information, purchasing physical or informational goods, and receiving it; business-to-government (B2G) which is the commerce between companies and the public sector; consumer-to-consumer (C2C) which is the commerce between individuals or consumers; and mobile commerce (m-commerce) which is defined as the buying and selling of goods and services through wireless technology.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 295,\n \"top\": 578,\n \"width\": 222,\n \"height\": 85,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Although as reported by J. E. Lawrence and U. A. Tar [3], there are some barriers hindering e-commerce adoption in developing countries, range from the infrastructural barriers to political and governmental barriers; as displayed in figure 1, many experts still predict the e-commerce platform as the top three area of investment in 2012 [2].\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 418,\n \"top\": 63,\n \"width\": 88,\n \"height\": 18,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ISSN 2085-4552\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 245,\n \"top\": 767,\n \"width\": 252,\n \"height\": 18,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ULTIMATICS, Vol. IV, No. 2 | Desember 2012\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 513,\n \"top\": 768,\n \"width\": 12,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"29\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 87,\n \"top\": 221,\n \"width\": 211,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Fig. 1. e-commerce is top three priorities for 2012 [2]\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 145,\n \"top\": 243,\n \"width\": 96,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"III. GAMIFICATION\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 265,\n \"width\": 223,\n \"height\": 61,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gamification is a new term and concept in both theoretical and practical knowledge. Here, some basic concepts on gamification will be given. Besides that, the six-steps to be considerate when designing a gamification framework will be explained.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 335,\n \"width\": 76,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"A. Basic Concepts\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 357,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 61,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gamification is the use of game elements and game design techniques in non-game contexts, such as health, education, politics, public sector, and business. It was an emerging new brand concept in the past couple of years.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 559,\n \"width\": 221,\n \"height\": 191,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Fig. 2. Pyramid of gamification elements Figure 2 above describe the pyramid of gamification elements. On the highest level, there is dynamics level which is the conceptual level, where the constraints, emotions, narrative, progression, and relationships of gamification been decided. The second level is the mechanics level which describe as processes that drive action forward, such as challenges, chance, competition, cooperation, feedback, resource acquisition, rewards, transactions, turns, and win states. Lastly, on the lowest level, there are components, define as specific instantiations of dynamics and mechanics, such as achievements, avatars, badges, boss fight, gifting, content unlocking, leaderboards, levels, points, quests, social graph, virtual goods, etc.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 323,\n \"top\": 91,\n \"width\": 225,\n \"height\": 85,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"People, organization, or company that used gamification on their system to achieve their goals is usually known as gamificator. There are many reasons and goals a gamificator would like to achieve, for example to enhance their employees’ productivity, to increase their loyal customers, or to improve their product demands.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 323,\n \"top\": 185,\n \"width\": 219,\n \"height\": 49,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"After knowing some basic concepts of gamification, we could implement gamification concept on a system using the gamification design framework as described below.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 323,\n \"top\": 242,\n \"width\": 147,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"B. Gamification Design Framework\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 323,\n \"top\": 265,\n \"width\": 222,\n \"height\": 49,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"There are some steps we need to know when designing a gamification system. Here are the six-step of gamification design framework as described by K. Werbach and D. Hunter [4]:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 323,\n \"top\": 323,\n \"width\": 218,\n \"height\": 49,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1. Define business objectives. Why are you gamifying? How do you hope to benefit your business, or achieve some other goal such as motivating people to change their behavior?\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 323,\n \"top\": 381,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 121,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2. Delineate target behaviors. What do you want your players to do? And what are the metrics that will allow you to measure them? These behaviors should promote your business objectives, although the relationship may be indirect. For example, your business goal might be to increase sales, but your target behavior could be for visitors to spend more time on your website. The metrics should in some fashion provide feedback to the players, letting them know when they are successfully engaging in the intended behaviors.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 323,\n \"top\": 511,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 109,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3. Describe your players. Who are the people who will be participating in your gamified activity? What is their relationship to you? For example, are they prospective customers, employees at your organization, or some other community? And what are they like? You can describe your players using demographics (such as age and gender), psychographics (such as their values and personalities), Bartle’s player types [5], or some other framework.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 323,\n \"top\": 629,\n \"width\": 222,\n \"height\": 121,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"4. Devise your activity loops. Explore in greater detail how you will motivate your players using engagement and progression loops. First, describe the kinds of feedback your system will offer the players to encourage further action, and explain how this feedback will work to motivate the players. Second, how if at all will players progress in your system? This includes how the system will get new players engaged, and how it will remain interesting for more experienced players.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 100,\n \"top\": 767,\n \"width\": 252,\n \"height\": 18,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ULTIMATICS, Vol. IV, No. 2 | Desember 2012\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 69,\n \"top\": 768,\n \"width\": 12,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"30\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 89,\n \"top\": 63,\n \"width\": 88,\n \"height\": 18,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ISSN 2085-4552\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 93,\n \"width\": 222,\n \"height\": 109,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"5. Don’t forget the fun. Although more abstract than some of the other elements, ensuring that your gamified system is fun remains as important as the other aspects. In order to fully explore this aspect of the design process, consider how your game would function without any extrinsic rewards. Would you say it was fun? Identify which aspects of the game could continue to motivate players to participate even without rewards.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 211,\n \"width\": 222,\n \"height\": 145,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"6. Deploy the appropriate tools. What are some of the game elements involved and what will the experience be like for the players? What specific choices would you make in deploying your system? For example, you might discuss whether the gamified system is to be experienced primarily on personal computers, mobile devices, or some other platform. You might also describe what feedback, rewards, and other reinforcements the players could receive. Finally, think about whether you’ve tied your decisions back to the other five steps in the process, especially the business objectives.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 116,\n \"top\": 365,\n \"width\": 97,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"IV. GE-COMMERCE\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 387,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 133,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"The implementation of gamification concept on e-commerce media business gave birth to a new term known as GE-commerce (gamified e-commerce). Here, we will see whether it’s possible to apply gamification on e-commerce field? Why do some big players on e-commerce media business use this technique? What are the advantages? And what are the disadvantages? On the last part, there are some screenshots taken from one of the most successful e-commerce sites called foursquare, which has implemented the gamification concept on their system to achieve their business goals.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 529,\n \"width\": 160,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"A. New Paradigm on e-Media Business\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 551,\n \"width\": 221,\n \"height\": 121,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Implementation of gamification on e-commerce sites has emerging lately. It has become a new paradigm on e-media business. But one question should be considered, is it possible to adapt this technology on all e-commerce field? Clearly the answer to the prior question is it is very possible. All e-commerce sites can be gamified by using some game elements on it. But the more fundamental question should be, whether it’s appropriate or not to use gamification on an e-commerce site?\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 57,\n \"top\": 681,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 61,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Not everything can be easily gamified. A gamificator should know and understand on the system he/she is trying to gamify. There are some basic rules they need to know and follow when trying to implement the gamification concept on e-media business:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 295,\n \"top\": 93,\n \"width\": 218,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1. Do not force the user to perform tasks that increase the effort to make a purchase\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 295,\n \"top\": 117,\n \"width\": 203,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2. Never damage the image of the product or store\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 295,\n \"top\": 129,\n \"width\": 221,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3. Manage attractive targets for the user in short, medium, and long term\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 295,\n \"top\": 153,\n \"width\": 218,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"4. Manage your gamification to the most common customer of the store\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 295,\n \"top\": 187,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 85,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"These basic rules can help a gamificator to design and implement gamification concept on an e-commerce site properly. If by using gamification on e-commerce site, it deals adequately with the effort made by the customer to purchase our products, it takes up the image of our products, and it can attracts more customers to the site, then it should be used.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 295,\n \"top\": 281,\n \"width\": 104,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"B. Gamified e-Commerce\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 295,\n \"top\": 303,\n \"width\": 222,\n \"height\": 85,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gamified e-commerce simply is an e-commerce site with gamification on it. Increasingly more and more e-commerce sites has change its’ role as ge- commerce sites. Although there are some widely known advantages to use gamification concept on e-commerce, there are also some disadvantages need to be considered.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 309,\n \"top\": 397,\n \"width\": 179,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Some of the ge-commerce disadvantages are:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 295,\n \"top\": 419,\n \"width\": 196,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1. It should be properly design and implemented\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 295,\n \"top\": 431,\n \"width\": 134,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2. It should be properly maintain\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 295,\n \"top\": 443,\n \"width\": 212,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3. It can increase the website/system production cost\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 295,\n \"top\": 465,\n \"width\": 218,\n \"height\": 37,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Besides the disadvantages, some advantages widely known when gamification be used on an e-commerce site are:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 295,\n \"top\": 511,\n \"width\": 164,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1. It can increase customers’ satisfaction\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 295,\n \"top\": 523,\n \"width\": 161,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2. It can increase customers’ interaction\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 295,\n \"top\": 535,\n \"width\": 169,\n \"height\": 37,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3. It can increase employees’ productivity 4. It can improve company revenue/profit 5. It can upgrade product/company brand\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 295,\n \"top\": 571,\n \"width\": 135,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"6. It can reduce operational costs\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 295,\n \"top\": 593,\n \"width\": 221,\n \"height\": 49,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"By knowing the disadvantages and advantages of gamification implementation on e-commerce, it can help the gamificator to get a better result and achievement.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 295,\n \"top\": 651,\n \"width\": 49,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"C. Example\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 295,\n \"top\": 673,\n \"width\": 218,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Below here, some screenshots of gamification implementation on foursquare been displayed.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 418,\n \"top\": 63,\n \"width\": 88,\n \"height\": 18,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ISSN 2085-4552\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 245,\n \"top\": 767,\n \"width\": 252,\n \"height\": 18,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ULTIMATICS, Vol. IV, No. 2 | Desember 2012\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 513,\n \"top\": 768,\n \"width\": 12,\n \"height\": 16,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"31\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 142,\n \"top\": 246,\n \"width\": 102,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Fig. 3. Foursquare badges\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 268,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 85,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"On figure 3 above, we can see different kinds of badges available for the foursquare user to collect. It can give motivation for the user to do some tasks given to get and collect all the badges. Some can be obtained easily, while some others could be quite difficult, such as meeting and participating in an event on another geographic area.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 129,\n \"top\": 516,\n \"width\": 128,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Fig. 4. Foursquare progress stats\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 538,\n \"width\": 220,\n \"height\": 61,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"As we can see on figure 4, the user also can check their progression or stats. It can be used for the user to keep their track among other foursquare users, or just to give them some intrinsic motivation on their achievement.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 323,\n \"top\": 92,\n \"width\": 219,\n \"height\": 49,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"There are also some ge-commerce sites that widely known, such as Google news site, amazon gold box, ebay, salesforce, Samsung, SAP, etc. Please feel free to try it yourself.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 388,\n \"top\": 149,\n \"width\": 86,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"V. CONCLUSION\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 323,\n \"top\": 172,\n \"width\": 222,\n \"height\": 121,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gamification as a new concept and area of study has been widely used in many fields, not to mention on the e-commerce business area. The implementation of gamification concept has become a new paradigm on e-media business, i.e. on e-commerce. Of course, there are some advantages and disadvantages on implementing the new concept on e-commerce, but with proper understanding and techniques used when implementing gamification, will lead the gamificator to the better result and achievement at the end.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 408,\n \"top\": 310,\n \"width\": 46,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"r eferences\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 323,\n \"top\": 325,\n \"width\": 217,\n \"height\": 20,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[1] Z. R. Andam, “e-Commerce and e-Business”, e-ASEAN Task Force, UNDP-APDIP, May 2003.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 323,\n \"top\": 345,\n \"width\": 219,\n \"height\": 29,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[2] Oracle Endeca, “e-Commerce Trends for 2012: Mobile and Facebook Take Center Stage as Online Retailers Focus on Customers’ Digital Experiences”, Oracle, February 2012.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 323,\n \"top\": 375,\n \"width\": 221,\n \"height\": 29,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[3] J. E. Lawrence, U. A. Tar, “Barriers to ecommerce in Developing Countries”, Information, Society and Justice, Vol. 3 No. 1, January 2010: pp 23-35.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 323,\n \"top\": 404,\n \"width\": 217,\n \"height\": 20,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[4] K. Werbach, D. Hunter, “For the Win: Serious Gamification”, Wharton Digital Press, 2012.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 323,\n \"top\": 425,\n \"width\": 221,\n \"height\": 29,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[5] Bartle, A. Richard, “Understanding the Limits of Theory”, Beyond Game Design: Nine Steps to Creating Better Videogames, Delmar, 2009.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 323,\n \"top\": 454,\n \"width\": 197,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[6] https://class.coursera.org, accessed on 20 October 2012.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 323,\n \"top\": 466,\n \"width\": 217,\n \"height\": 20,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[7] http://gamification.org/wiki/Gamification_of_Commerce, accessed on 24 October 2012.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 323,\n \"top\": 486,\n \"width\": 206,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[8] http://gamifyforthewin.com, accessed on 20 October 2012.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 323,\n \"top\": 498,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 20,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[9] http://www.brainsins.com/us/blog/gamification-in-e- commerce-basic-rules/1365, accessed on 24 October 2012.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 323,\n \"top\": 518,\n \"width\": 217,\n \"height\": 20,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"[10] http://www.slideshare.net/PowerReviews/get-yourgameon, accessed on 24 October 2012.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n }\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":1497,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"string","value":"c7f8fe8d-ac46-b52e-7124-51230b7a9c8a"},"url":{"kind":"string","value":"https://journal.yrpipku.com/index.php/msej/article/download/5111/2801"},"data":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"left":120,"top":39,"width":260,"height":24,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Management Studies and Entrepreneurship Journal Vol 5(2) 2024 : 5673-5682","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":788,"width":419,"height":19,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Copyright © 2024 THE AUTHOR(S). This article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license, http://journal.yrpipku.com/index.php/msej","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":86,"width":428,"height":29,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"The Influence Of Compensation And Work Discipline On Employee Performance PT. Yorozu Automotive Indonesia","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":129,"width":428,"height":30,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pengaruh Kompensasi Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Yorozu Automotive Indonesia","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":173,"width":243,"height":14,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Salma Ridha Fahira 1* , Suroso 2 , Flora Patricia Anggela 3","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":187,"width":428,"height":26,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Program Studi Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang 1,2,3","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":213,"width":341,"height":27,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Mn20.salmafahira@mhs.ubpkarawang.ac.id 1 , suroso@ubpkarawang.ac.id 2 , floraanggela@ubpkarawang.ac.id 3","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":254,"width":76,"height":12,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"* Corresponding Author","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":280,"width":45,"height":12,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ABSTRACT","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":292,"width":428,"height":134,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"The aim of this research is to determine the influence of compensation and discipline on employee performance partially and simultaneously. This study uses a quantitative approach. This population is employees of PT. Yorozu Automotive Indonesia, located in the Mitra Karawang Industrial Area, has 176 employees. A sample of 122 people was taken because the Slovin formula was used. The data collection method uses a questionnaire and analysis tools use SPSS using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the research show that there is a partial influence between the Compensation variable (x1) on Employee Performance (y) with a calculated t value > t table (9.733> 1.979) and there is a partial influence between the Work Discipline variable (x2) on employee performance (y) with a value t count > t table (4.776> 1.979) and there is a simultaneous influence between the variables compensation (x1) and Work Discipline (x2) on Employee Performance (y) with a value of F count > F table (95.044> 3.07), namely 61, 5%.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":426,"width":275,"height":12,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Keywords: Compensation, Work Discipline, Employee Performance.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":450,"width":41,"height":12,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"ABSTRAK","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":463,"width":428,"height":138,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh kompensasi dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan secara parsial dan simultan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sejumlah 176 karyawan PT. Yorozu Automotive Indonesia , berada di Kawasan Industri Mitra Karawang dijadikan populasi penelitian ini. Pengambilan sampel sejumlah 122 orang karena rumus slovin yang digunakan. Metode kuesioner dipergunakan untuk proses mengumpulkan data dan alat analisis menggunakan SPSS dengan analisis regresi linier berganda. Penelitian didapatkan hasil yaitu ada pengaruh parsial antara variabel Kompensasi (x1) terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (y) dengan nilai t hitung > t tabel (9,733>1,979) dan terdapat pengaruh parsial antara variabel Disiplin Kerja (x2) terhadap kinerja karyawan (y) dengan nilai t hitung > t tabel (4,776>1,979) dan terdapat pengaruh simultan antara variabel kompensasi (x1) dan Disiplin Kerja (x2) terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (y) dengan nilai F hitung > F tabel (95,044> 3,07) yaitu sebersar 61,5%. Kata Kunci: Kompensasi, Disiplin Kerja, Kinerja Karyawan","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":613,"width":80,"height":13,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1. Pendahuluan","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":627,"width":428,"height":53,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tenaga kerja yang biasa disebut dengan SDM, ialah aset organisasi yang tidak dapat digantikan. Meskipun teknologi dan persiapan yang canggih, peran profesional manusia tetap tak tergantikan. SDM memiliki peran kunci dalam menentukan kemajuan atau kemunduran suatu organisasi, perusahaan, instansi atau departemen (Huzain, 2021).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":680,"width":428,"height":67,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia adalah perusahaan dari Grup Yorozu yang mempunyai cabang di Indonesia. Produksi suku cabang untuk kendaraan roda empat di kerjakan oleh perusahaan ini. PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia dijalankan untuk pertama saat di DKI Jakarta tahun 2012. Akan tetapi perushaan ini pada 2013 pindah ke Kabupaten Karawang. Lokasi sekarang ada di Jl. Mitra Industri Karawang di Mitra Selatan IV, Parungmulya, Kecamatan","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":83,"height":13,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Fahira dkk, (2024)","type":"Page header"},{"left":404,"top":53,"width":103,"height":9,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 5673-5682","type":"Page header"},{"left":287,"top":793,"width":25,"height":13,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"5674","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":85,"width":428,"height":67,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Ciampel, Kabupaten Karawang. (Irpan Hidayat, 2022). Sesudah melakukan wawancara singkat di PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia, diketahui bahwa beberapa pekerja tidak melaksanakan kinerja terbaik mereka. Sebab kinerja berkaitan dengan tujuan startegis organisasi, hasil kerja kinerja karyawan akan berdampak pada kinerja organisasi. Sebaliknya, jika kapasitas dan efesiensi usaha akan meningkat sebagai hasil dari peningkatan kinerja karyawan. (Aryani et al., 2022).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":153,"width":428,"height":93,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kinerja yang tinggi tergantung pada kesadaran masing-masing manajemen untuk meningkatkan kinerja karyawannya dengan cara mendukungnya dalam bentuk suasana kerja yang menyenangkan, meningkatkan motivasi kerja, dan memberikan kompensasi yang adil dan standar kerja yang tinggi kepada setiap karyawan. Namun kenyataannya, perusahaan kurang menekankan pada pengelolaan SDM yang baik, walaupun SDM mempunyai pengaruh yang terlalu besar terhadap keberhasilan suatu perusahaan (Aromega et al., 2019). Kompensasi ialah salah satu bagian yang mempengaruhi kurangnya kinerja karyawan.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":247,"width":429,"height":147,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Satu bagian manajemen sumber daya manusia ialah pemberian kompensasi, yang mengacu pada semua jenis penghargaan kepada individu sebagai imbalan atas kinerja mereka dalam mencapai tujuan perusahaan. Tawaran kompensasi harus adil dan masuk akal bagi karyawan. Adil dan wajar berarti kompensasi dan gaji yang diterima karyawan agar dapat bertahan hidup, dan pemberian balas jasa, serta tanggung jawab minimal setiap pekerjaan, guna meningkatkan operasional usaha semaksimal mungkin (Yulandri, 2021). Pada PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia pemberian kompensasi belum sesuai beban pekerjaan seperti penelitian dari (Aromega et al., 2019) dengan hasil yaitu belum ada kesesuaian antara pemberian kompensasi dengan beban pekerjaan, kompensasi merupakan satu hal yang sangat berpengaruh dalam pekerjaan maka dari itu karyawan PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia menganggap bahwa gaji diberikan terhadap sangat sepadan dengan pekerjaan yang dijalankan.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":394,"width":428,"height":134,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pemberian kompensasi pada PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia sudah sesuai dengan UMR Kab.Karawang yang saat ini mencapai Rp. 5.200.000. Disiplin dalam hal ini juga turut berpengaruh terhadap kinerja suatu perusahaan. Apabila pegawai lebih disiplin maka kinerja dan hasil kerja perusahan akan lebih baik. Salah satu kekuatan operasional pengelolaan SDM ialah disiplin, sangat penting karena tingkat disiplin pegawai terkait dengan tingkat prestasi mereka. Tanpa disiplin pegawai perusahaan tidak akan dapat mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan. (Agus Dwi Cahya, 2021). Berdasarkan penelitian (Suroso , 2023) didapatkan hasil yaitu ada dampak signifikan dan positif dari kompensasi kerja terhadap kinerja driver gojek di kabupaten. Namun berdasarkan penjelasan dari (Aromega, 2019) dalam penelitiannya didapatkan hasil yaitu kompensasi tidak berdampak pada kinerja karyawan di Yuta Hotel Manado.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":529,"width":428,"height":80,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pada PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia Hasil survei pertama menunjukkan tingkat kedisiplinan karyawan sangat rendah sehingga menyebabkan kinerja karyawan PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia mengalami penurunan ini selaras akan penelitian dari (Agus Dwi Cahya et al., 2021) dengan hasil yaitu ada kompensasi yang tidak baik pada tingkat absensi karyawan.dan tingkat kedisiplinan PT pada warung padang upik. buruknya kinerja dibuktikan dengan data sebagai berikut","type":"Text"},{"left":162,"top":609,"width":310,"height":13,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel 1. Data Absesnsai Karyawan PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":704,"width":428,"height":53,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sumber : HRD PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia Terlihat bahwa ketidak hadiran karyawan masih terlihat ada. Pegawai yang datang terlambat untuk bekerja dan masih ada beberapa yang tersisa jarang masuk kerja, itu bisa dilakukan berdampak pada kinerja ditugaskan pada karyawan. Sementara kondisi sebelum","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":83,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Fahira dkk, (2024)","type":"Page header"},{"left":404,"top":53,"width":103,"height":9,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 5673-5682","type":"Page header"},{"left":287,"top":793,"width":25,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"5675","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":85,"width":429,"height":94,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"disiplin kerja dan remunerasi, tidak sedikit karyawan yang tidak patuh terhadap aturan dan sering terlambat atau meninggalkan pekerjaan lebih awal. Namun, setelah adanya konsekuensi yang jelas terhadap kinerja, seperti upah di potong, kinerja dan kedisiplinan karyawan meningkat secara signifikan (Yeremia & Nuridin, 2022). Berdasarkan penelitian (Jufrizen, 2021) didapatkan hasil yaitu disiplin kerja dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan , diwarung padang upik memiliki pengaruh signifikan dan positif. Namun berdasarkan penelitian (Agus Dwi Cahya, 2021) menemukan bahwa disiplin terhadap kinerja karyawan diwarung padang upik.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":180,"width":428,"height":39,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berdasarkan menurut studi yang dilakukan oleh (Yuliana Alisya Rumambi et al., 2019) dengan hasil yaitu kinerja karyawan pada PT Samudra Mulia Abadi Manado secara positif dan signifikan dipengaruhi oleh kompensasi dan disiplin kerja.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":233,"width":96,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2. Tinjauan Pustaka","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":247,"width":75,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1. Kompensasi","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":260,"width":430,"height":107,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Menurut (Asir et al., 2022) Salah satu tanggung jawab bagian manajemen sumber daya manusia (SDM) yaitu kompensasi, yang mengambil segala jenis imbalan yang diterima seseorang sebagai imbalan atas penyelesaian tugas organisasi. Menurut (Andani, 2021) Kompensasi merupakan hal yang mengacu pada imbalan moneter dan non-moneter yang diberikan untuk perusahaan kepada karyawannya. Sebagaimana dinyatakan (Firmandari, 2014) Kompensasi mengambil segala sesuatu yang diberikan terhadap karyawan kami sebagai upah dan kemampuan mereka ditempat kerja. Setiap perusahaan memiliki system kompensasi individual yang setara dengan tujuan, visi dan misi.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":367,"width":428,"height":40,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Mengacu pada pemaparan sebelumnya, bisa kita simpulkan bahwa yang dimaksudkan kompensasi dalam penelitian ini ialah imbalan berupa uang dan non-uang yang diberikan perusahaan kepada karyawannya.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":408,"width":428,"height":26,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Menurut (Andani, 2021), ada 4 indikator kompensasi : 1. Insentif, 2. Gaji 3.Upah 4. Benefit and service.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":448,"width":77,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2. Disiplin kerja","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":462,"width":429,"height":107,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Menurut (Andani, 2021) Disiplin kerja adalah kesiapan untuk mengikuti aturan dilingkungan kerja. Disiplin kerja sangat mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan. Menurut (Ery Teguh Prasetyo, 2019) Disiplin kerja ialah cara menejer berkomunikasi dengan karyawan, memotivasi, dan memastikan kepatuhan terhadap aturan. Ini digunakan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan motivasi induvidu dalam kinerja. Menurut (Raymond et al., 2023) Disiplin kerja mengacu pada sikap menghormati, menaati, dan mematuhi segala peraturan yang ditetapkan perusahaan. Menurut (Andriani, 2020)Disiplin kerja merupakan bagian yang sangat penting ditempat kerja maupun diluar pekerjaan.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":569,"width":428,"height":26,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berdasarkan penjelasan di atas, disiplin kerja dapat didefinisikan sebagai sikap dan harapan seseorang untuk mengikuti dan menaati pada aturan yang berlaku.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":596,"width":428,"height":40,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Menurut (Andriani, 2020) ada empat indikator disiplin kerja: 1. Kepatuhan terhadap peraturan, 2. Mematuhi peraturan perusahaan, 3. Mengikuti peraturan perilaku di tempat kerja, 4. Ikuti peraturan perusahaan lainnya.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":649,"width":52,"height":13,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3. Kinerja","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":663,"width":428,"height":94,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Menurut (Andani, 2021) kinerja pegawai merupakan capaian hasil oleh pegawai dalam penyelesaian tugas dan tanggung jawabnya dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Menurut (Asir et al., 2022) Kinerja merupakan perilaku seorang pegawai berupa prestasi kerja sesuai dengan tanggung jawabnya. Menurut (Aryani et al., 2022)Kinerja merupakan tugas yang berkaitan dengan tujuan dalam waktu lama organisasi. Setelah hasil kinerja pegawai kurang optimal maka berdampak pada kinerja organisasi. Sebaliknya, ketika apabila kinerja karyawan meningkat, produktivitas dan efektivitas perusahaan meningkat.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":83,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Fahira dkk, (2024)","type":"Page header"},{"left":404,"top":53,"width":103,"height":9,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 5673-5682","type":"Page header"},{"left":287,"top":793,"width":25,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"5676","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":85,"width":429,"height":40,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kinerja merupakan hasil kerja seorang pegawai secara keseluruhan dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Misalnya: Maksud atau tujuan, standar, hasil kerja dan standar lain yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya dan disepakati bersama (Cholishoh, 2021)","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":126,"width":428,"height":40,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dengan menelaah penjelasan sebelumnya, bisa dipetik kesimpulan bahwa hasil penelitian ini yaitu suatu hasil proses dengan diacu, diukur dalam kurun waktu tertentu dan atas dasar yang ditentukan atau disepakati","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":166,"width":428,"height":27,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Menurut (Cholishoh, 2021), kinerja memiliki indikator yang terdiri dari: a. Ketepatan waktu Kinerja pegawai yang maksimal, b.Kualitas, c. Kuantitas, d.Efektifitas.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":206,"width":197,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kerangka Berpikir Dan Hipotesis Penelitian","type":"Section header"},{"left":241,"top":388,"width":118,"height":26,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gambar 2. Kerangka Pikir Sumber : Peneliti 2023","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":415,"width":45,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Hipotesis","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":428,"width":174,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Penelitian ini memiliki hipotesis, yaitu:","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":442,"width":428,"height":26,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"H1: Terdapat pengaruh parsial Kompensasi terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT Yorozu Automotive Indoneia","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":469,"width":428,"height":26,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"H2: Terdapat pengaruh parsial Disiplin Kerja terdapat Kinerja Karyawan pada PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":495,"width":428,"height":27,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"H3: Terdapat pengaruh silmutan Kompensasi dan Disiplin kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":535,"width":101,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3. Metode Penelitian","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":549,"width":428,"height":107,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Penelitian verifikatif ditujukan dalam rangka melihat hubungan beberapa variabel ( Duwi Priyatno, 2018:107.). Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantiatif dan metode analisis regresi berganda. Ini adalah analisis yang mengevaluasi beberapa variabel bebas yang secara simultan atau parsial terhadap variabel terikat memiliki pengaruh signifikan. 176 orang karyawan PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia adalah subjek penelitian ini. Sehingga total sampel penelitian ini adalah 122 orang. Dengan tingkat kesalahan 5% karena penarikan sampel jumlahnya refresentatif atau dapat mewakili agar hasilnya dapat digeneralisasikan dan perhitungannya dapat dibuat kesimpulannya.","type":"Text"},{"left":121,"top":656,"width":221,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Rumus slovin untuk menentikan sempel adalah :","type":"Text"},{"left":229,"top":673,"width":9,"height":13,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"𝑛","type":"Table"},{"left":85,"top":669,"width":349,"height":88,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"# $%# (') ) Di mana: Keterangan: N: total populasi n : total responden/ sampel e : taraf persentase kesalahan yang diinginkan dengan populasi dan presisi 5%","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":83,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Fahira dkk, (2024)","type":"Page header"},{"left":404,"top":53,"width":103,"height":9,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 5673-5682","type":"Page header"},{"left":287,"top":793,"width":25,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"5677","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":85,"width":184,"height":27,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jumlah populasi yang ditetapkan adalah: Diketahui: N : 176","type":"Text"},{"left":157,"top":112,"width":29,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"e : 5%","type":"Picture"},{"left":85,"top":126,"width":33,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Maka:","type":"Text"},{"left":250,"top":138,"width":96,"height":48,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"𝑛 = 176 1 + 176 (0,05) 2 𝑛 = 176","type":"Table"},{"left":298,"top":181,"width":21,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1,44","type":"Picture"},{"left":278,"top":193,"width":39,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"𝑛 = 122","type":"Table"},{"left":85,"top":219,"width":122,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"4. Hasil Dan Pembahasan","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":232,"width":57,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Uji Validitas","type":"Text"},{"left":124,"top":246,"width":351,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel 3. Hasil Uji Variabel Kompensasi, Disiplin Kerja, Dan Kinerja Karyawan","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":405,"width":429,"height":27,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berlandaskan temuan tersebut, koefisien korelasi tiga variable di atas yang menerangkan jikalau validitas semua instrumen karena memenuhi nilai r tabel sebesar 0,361.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":446,"width":68,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Uji Reliabilitas","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":459,"width":428,"height":27,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Bagian ini mengevaluasi konsistensi instrumen. Instrumen dianggap reliabel ketika Cronbach’s Alpha bias melebihi angka 0,6, maka instrumen dianggap handal.","type":"Text"},{"left":234,"top":486,"width":131,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel 4. Hasil Uji Reliabilitas","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":625,"width":428,"height":26,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Mengacu pada data tersebut, ketiga variabel ini dinyatakan reliable dikarenakan ada Cronbach’s Alpha memiliki nilai yang melebihi angka 0,6.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":665,"width":71,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Uji Normalitas","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":678,"width":428,"height":53,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pelaksanaan uji ini mempunyai tujuan spesifik guna memeriksa apakah model regresi dan variabel yang sifatnya bebas serta variable yang sifatnya terikat mengikuti distribusi normal, menggunakan Unstandarized Residual Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Distribusi dianggap normal jika nilai Sign > 0,05.","type":"Text"},{"left":234,"top":732,"width":131,"height":13,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel 5. Hasil Uji Normalitas","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":83,"height":13,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Fahira dkk, (2024)","type":"Page header"},{"left":404,"top":53,"width":103,"height":9,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 5673-5682","type":"Page header"},{"left":287,"top":793,"width":25,"height":13,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"5678","type":"Page footer"},{"left":178,"top":199,"width":201,"height":13,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sumber:Hasil Pengolahaan Data, SPSS 2024","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":213,"width":428,"height":26,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel diatas menerangkan jikalau nilai signifikan Unstandarize Residual Kolmogorob Sminov sebesar 0,070 > 0,05. Jadi, pendistribusiannya ditetapkan normal.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":253,"width":96,"height":13,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Uji Multikolinieritas","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":267,"width":428,"height":26,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pengujian ini mempunyai tujuan spesifik guna mengevaluasi korelasi kuat. Tidak ada multikolinieritas jika VIP < 10 dan nilai Tolerance > 0,1.","type":"Text"},{"left":233,"top":294,"width":132,"height":13,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel 6. Uji Multikolinieritas","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":414,"width":428,"height":26,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel menerangkan jikalau nilai VIF variable kompensasi (X1) dan variable disiplin kerja (X2) yakni 1,214< 10 serta tolerancenya bernilai 0,824> 0,1. Jadi multikolinieritas tidak timbul.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":454,"width":107,"height":13,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Uji Heteroskedastisitas","type":"Text"},{"left":208,"top":589,"width":182,"height":13,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Gambar 3. Hasil Uji Heteroskedastisitas","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":603,"width":429,"height":40,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tidak ada keberadaan heteroskedastisitas pada penelitian ini, yang diperlihatkan oleh pengujian tersebut. Selain itu titik-titik data tersebar merata pada , sumbu Y disekitar angka nol, tanpa adanya kejelasan pola.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":656,"width":294,"height":27,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Analisis Regresi Berganda Tabel 7. Hasil Uji Regresi Berganda","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":83,"height":13,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Fahira dkk, (2024)","type":"Page header"},{"left":404,"top":53,"width":103,"height":9,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 5673-5682","type":"Page header"},{"left":287,"top":793,"width":25,"height":13,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"5679","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":218,"width":428,"height":67,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sebagai hasil dari perhitungan koefisien regresi, kita menent`ukan konstanta 15,195, sedangkan koefisien , b1 , memiliki nilai sejumlah 0,477 dan koefisien b2 , sebesar 0,206 dengan demikian, persamaan yang dihasilkan. Y= a+ b1X1 + b2X2 +e , Y= 15,195 +0,477X1 + 0,206X2 + e","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":299,"width":79,"height":13,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Uji t (Uji Parsial)","type":"Text"},{"left":230,"top":312,"width":140,"height":13,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel 8. Hasil Uji t (Uji Parsial)","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":465,"width":429,"height":53,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1. Variabel , Kompensasi (X1) dalam mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan , (Y) memperoleh sig. sejumlah , 0,000 <0,05. Selanjutnya berdasarkan uji ini yaitu t-hitung >t-tabel(9,733>1,979), Artinya Variabel kompensasi (X1) terdapat Kinerja Karyawan (Y) mempengaruhi variabel secara parsial.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":519,"width":429,"height":53,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2. Nila sig yang didapatkan dari pengaruh variabel Disiplin kerja (X2) terdapat kinerja karyawan (Y) yaitu 0,00 < 0,05. Selanjutnya berdasarkan uji t memperoleh t-hitung >t-tabel (4,776 > 1,979), Makannya, variabel disiplin kerja (X2) dipengaruhi oleh variabel Kinerja Karyawan (Y) secara parsial.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":586,"width":82,"height":13,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"UJi Simultan Uji F","type":"Section header"},{"left":231,"top":600,"width":136,"height":13,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tabel 9. Hasil Uji Simultan (F)","type":"Text"},{"left":121,"top":742,"width":392,"height":13,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berdasarkan output diatas diketahui F hitung dengan nilai 95,044dengan signifikansi","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":83,"height":13,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Fahira dkk, (2024)","type":"Page header"},{"left":404,"top":53,"width":103,"height":9,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 5673-5682","type":"Page header"},{"left":287,"top":793,"width":25,"height":13,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"5680","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":85,"width":428,"height":40,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"yang bernilai 0.000 < 0,005. nilai Fhitung i n i > Ftabel (95,044 > 3,07), sehingga bisa didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa secara simultan ada pengaruh Kompensasi dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":139,"width":118,"height":13,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Uji Koefisien Determinasi","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":153,"width":399,"height":26,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Fungsinya ialah memahami persentase atas pengaruh kedua variable secara bersamaan. Tabel 10. Uji Koefisien Determinasi","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":286,"width":428,"height":40,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Mengacu pada data tersebut didapatkan bahwa R Square 0,615 dari Kompensasi (X1) dan Disiplin Kerja (X2) terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Y) memberi kontribusi sejumlah 61,5%. Sementara sebagiannya lagi yaitu 38,5% dipengaruhi faktor lain.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":340,"width":64,"height":13,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pembahasan","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":353,"width":429,"height":85,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian secara parsial dapat ditarik kesimpulan yaitu ada pengaruh positif dari variabel Kompensasi (X1) terhadap varibel Kinerja Karyawan(Y) pada PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia. Hal ini dapat diperhatikan berdasarkan pengujian yang mendapatkan sig. sejumlah 0,000 < 0,05. Selanjutnya, berdasarkan uji yang diperoleh thitung > ttabel (9,733> 1,979), maka secara empiris bisa didapatkan kesimpulan yaitu terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan dari variabel Kompensasi(X1).","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":439,"width":429,"height":84,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian secara parsial dapat ditarik kesimpulan terdapat pengaruh positif dari variabel Disiplin kerja (X2) terhadap varibel Kinerja Karyawan (Y) pada PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia. Ini bisa diperhatikan dari hasil uji mendapatkan 3,07< 0,05. Selanjutnya, berdasarkan uji t diperoleh thitung > ttabel (4,776> 1,979), maka secara empiris bisa didapatkan kesimpulan yaitu ada pengaruh signifikan dan positif dari variabel disiplin kerja (X2).","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":523,"width":429,"height":81,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian Secara simultan terdapat pengaruh signifikan dari kompensasi dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia. Karena hasil uji menyatakan Nilai signifikansi F hitung yaitu sejumlah 95,044 dan Tingkat signifikasi bernilai 0,000 < 0,05. Nilai ini memperlihatkan bahwa Fhitung> Ftabel (95,044 > 3,07). Sehingga terbukti bahwa secara simultan Kompensasi dan Disiplin Kerja mempengaruhi Kinerja Karyawan PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":618,"width":56,"height":27,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"5. Penutup Kesimpulan","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":645,"width":429,"height":40,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1. Variabel kompensasi berdampak parsial pada variabel kinerja karyawan, karena didapatkan sig. dengan nilai 0,000 < 0,05. Penelitian ini didapatkan hasil yaitu 9,733 lebih besar dari 1,979, atau t-hitung > t-tabel.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":685,"width":429,"height":40,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2. Variabel disiplin kerja mempengaruhi variabel kinerja karyawan secara parsial, karena didapatkan sig. dengan nilai 0,000 <0,05 serta bahwa 4,776 lebih besar dari 1,979, atau t- hitung > t-tabel.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":726,"width":429,"height":26,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3. Ditunjukkan oleh F hitung 95,044 > F tabel 3,07 dan signifikasi 0,000 < 0,05. Maknanya, kompensasi dan disiplin kerja secaraa bersamaan memengaruhi tingkat kinerja karyawan.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":83,"height":13,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Fahira dkk, (2024)","type":"Page header"},{"left":404,"top":53,"width":103,"height":9,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 5673-5682","type":"Page header"},{"left":287,"top":793,"width":25,"height":13,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"5681","type":"Page footer"},{"left":85,"top":99,"width":43,"height":13,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Implikasi","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":112,"width":428,"height":27,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Hasil penelitian kini menunjukkan bahwa orang-orang yang akan melakukan penelitian serupa atau lebih lanjut harus mempertimbangkan hal-hal berikut:","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":139,"width":429,"height":80,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1. Perusahaan dapat memperhatikan bahwa kompensasi yang terbilang perlu ditingkatkan sehingga para pegawai bisa memiliki disiplin kerja yang baik. Selain itu harus terus ditingkatkan pemberian kompensasi baik secara finansial baik secara finansial maupun non finansial. Peningkatan disiplin kerja, meskipun sudah masuk dalam kategori cukup, terutama dalam hal kepatuhan terhadap peraturan perusahaan; dan peningkatan kompensasi, meskipun sudah masuk dalam kategori baik.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":220,"width":429,"height":26,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk mengembangkan ilmu Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia khususnya dampak dari kompensasi terhadap tingkat kedisiplinan.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":247,"width":429,"height":26,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3. Variabel tambahan dapat digunakan sebagai referensi untuk penelitian berikutnya oleh peneliti.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":287,"width":70,"height":13,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Daftar Pustaka","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":301,"width":428,"height":39,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Agus Dwi Cahya, Ocsalino Damare, & Catur Harjo. (2021). Pengaruh Kompensasi dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Warung Padang Upik. Jurnal Sinar Manajemen , 8 (2), 105–115. https://doi.org/10.56338/jsm.v8i2.1645","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":341,"width":428,"height":26,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Andani, juli dwi. (2021). Pengaruh Kompensasi Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan RSU HIDAYAH DELI TUA.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":367,"width":428,"height":27,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Andriani. (2020). Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja dan Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Satpol PP di Kecamatan Cipayung DKI Jakarta.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":394,"width":428,"height":40,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Aromega, T. N., Kojo, C., & Lengkong, V. P. K. (2019). Pengaruh Kompensasi Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Di Yuta Hotel Manado. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi , 7 (1), 741–750.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":435,"width":428,"height":26,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Aryani, F., Hardiyana, A., Satria, R. O., & Nurhadian, A. F. (2022). Pengaruh Kompetensi dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Pegawai. Acman: Accounting and Management Journal ,","type":"List item"},{"left":114,"top":462,"width":229,"height":13,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2 (2), 158–163. https://doi.org/10.55208/aj.v2i2.48","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":475,"width":429,"height":53,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Asir, M., Yusuf, M., & Ardianto, R. (2022). The Impact Of Compensation, Motivation And Job Satisfaction On Employee Performance In The Company: A Review Literature Universitas PGRI Semarang 1 , Universitas Cipasung Tasikmalaya 2 , Politeknik LP3I Makassar 3 STIA Bandung 4 , Universitas Pertiwi 5 su. Management Studies and Entrepreneurship Journal ,","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":529,"width":428,"height":53,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3 (6), 2022. http://journal.yrpipku.com/index.php/msej Bintoro. (2019). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan , 9 (2), 952– 962. Cholishoh, A. (2021). Pengaruh Beban Kerja Dan Stres Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Studi","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":582,"width":428,"height":40,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kasus Pt. Indoexim Internatonal) . Ery Teguh Prasetyo, P. M. (2019). Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine , 15 (3), 190.","type":"Table"},{"left":85,"top":623,"width":429,"height":39,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"https://doi.org/10.2310/8000.2013.131108 Firmandari, N. (2014). Pengaruh Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Motivasi Kerja Sebagai Variabel Moderasi (Studi Pada Bank Syariah Mandiri Kantor Cabang Yogyakarta).","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":663,"width":90,"height":13,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Ekbisi , IX (1), 25–34.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":676,"width":428,"height":27,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Huzain, H. (2021). Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Manusia. Paper Knowledge . Toward a Media History of Documents , 3 (2), 6.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":703,"width":429,"height":40,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Illanisa, N., Zulkarnaen, W., & Suwarna, A. (2019). Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Sekolah Dasar Islam Binar Indonesia Bandung. Sain Ekonomi Manajemen & Akuntansi Riviu , 143 , 16–25.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":744,"width":428,"height":13,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Irpan Hidayat. (2022). Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":50,"width":83,"height":13,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Fahira dkk, (2024)","type":"Page header"},{"left":404,"top":53,"width":103,"height":9,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 5673-5682","type":"Page header"},{"left":287,"top":793,"width":25,"height":13,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"5682","type":"Page footer"},{"left":114,"top":85,"width":305,"height":13,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Karyawan Pt Yorozu Automotive Indonesia Di Kabupaten Karawang.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":99,"width":429,"height":67,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Jufrizen, J. (2021). Pengaruh Fasilitas Kerja Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Motivasi Kerja. Sains Manajemen , 7 (1), 35–54. https://doi.org/10.30656/sm.v7i1.2277 Raymond, Siregar, D. L., Dasa Putri, A., Gita indrawan, M., & Simanjuntak, J. (2023). Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja dan Beban Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT Tanjung Mutiara Perkasa. Jurnal Sistem Informasi & Bisnis , 1–92.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":166,"width":428,"height":80,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Yeremia, R., & Nuridin, N. (2022). Pengaruh Kompensasi Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pt. Mitra Adiperkasa, Tbk. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Krisnadwipayana , 10 (1), 401–412. https://doi.org/10.35137/jmbk.v10i1.669 Yulandri, O. (2021). Pengaruh Kompensasi dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Warung Padang Upik. Economics and Digital Business Review , 2 (2), 214–221. https://doi.org/10.37531/ecotal.v2i2.86","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":247,"width":428,"height":13,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Yuliana Alisya Rumambi, Rosalina A M Kolengan, & Lucky O H Ditolung. (2019). Pengaruh","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":260,"width":400,"height":40,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kompensasi Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Pt. Samudra Mulia Abadi Manado. Jurnal EMBA , 7 (4), 5831–5840. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/emba/article/view/26518","type":"Table"},{"left":85,"top":301,"width":428,"height":66,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"LatifM., SurosoS., & KarnamaM. (2023). Pengaruh Kompensasi dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja pada Driver Gojek di Kabupaten Karawang. El-Mal: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi & Bisnis Islam , 5 (3), 1798-1808. https://doi.org/10.47467/elmal.v5i3.5014 Duwi Priyatno. (2018). SPSS Panduan Mudah Olah Data Bagi Mahasiswa & Umum (Giovanny, Ed.). Penerbit ANDI.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":367,"width":428,"height":13,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kumba Digdowiseiso. (2017). Metodologi Penelitian Ekonomi Dan Bisnis (Suharyono, Ed.).","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":381,"width":191,"height":13,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Lembaga Penerbitan Universitas Nasional.","type":"List item"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"left\": 120,\n \"top\": 39,\n \"width\": 260,\n \"height\": 24,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Management Studies and Entrepreneurship Journal Vol 5(2) 2024 : 5673-5682\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 788,\n \"width\": 419,\n \"height\": 19,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Copyright © 2024 THE AUTHOR(S). This article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license, http://journal.yrpipku.com/index.php/msej\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 86,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 29,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"The Influence Of Compensation And Work Discipline On Employee Performance PT. Yorozu Automotive Indonesia\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 129,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 30,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pengaruh Kompensasi Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Yorozu Automotive Indonesia\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 173,\n \"width\": 243,\n \"height\": 14,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Salma Ridha Fahira 1* , Suroso 2 , Flora Patricia Anggela 3\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 187,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Program Studi Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang 1,2,3\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 213,\n \"width\": 341,\n \"height\": 27,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Mn20.salmafahira@mhs.ubpkarawang.ac.id 1 , suroso@ubpkarawang.ac.id 2 , floraanggela@ubpkarawang.ac.id 3\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 254,\n \"width\": 76,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"* Corresponding Author\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 280,\n \"width\": 45,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ABSTRACT\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 292,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 134,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"The aim of this research is to determine the influence of compensation and discipline on employee performance partially and simultaneously. This study uses a quantitative approach. This population is employees of PT. Yorozu Automotive Indonesia, located in the Mitra Karawang Industrial Area, has 176 employees. A sample of 122 people was taken because the Slovin formula was used. The data collection method uses a questionnaire and analysis tools use SPSS using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the research show that there is a partial influence between the Compensation variable (x1) on Employee Performance (y) with a calculated t value > t table (9.733> 1.979) and there is a partial influence between the Work Discipline variable (x2) on employee performance (y) with a value t count > t table (4.776> 1.979) and there is a simultaneous influence between the variables compensation (x1) and Work Discipline (x2) on Employee Performance (y) with a value of F count > F table (95.044> 3.07), namely 61, 5%.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 426,\n \"width\": 275,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Keywords: Compensation, Work Discipline, Employee Performance.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 450,\n \"width\": 41,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"ABSTRAK\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 463,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 138,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh kompensasi dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan secara parsial dan simultan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sejumlah 176 karyawan PT. Yorozu Automotive Indonesia , berada di Kawasan Industri Mitra Karawang dijadikan populasi penelitian ini. Pengambilan sampel sejumlah 122 orang karena rumus slovin yang digunakan. Metode kuesioner dipergunakan untuk proses mengumpulkan data dan alat analisis menggunakan SPSS dengan analisis regresi linier berganda. Penelitian didapatkan hasil yaitu ada pengaruh parsial antara variabel Kompensasi (x1) terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (y) dengan nilai t hitung > t tabel (9,733>1,979) dan terdapat pengaruh parsial antara variabel Disiplin Kerja (x2) terhadap kinerja karyawan (y) dengan nilai t hitung > t tabel (4,776>1,979) dan terdapat pengaruh simultan antara variabel kompensasi (x1) dan Disiplin Kerja (x2) terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (y) dengan nilai F hitung > F tabel (95,044> 3,07) yaitu sebersar 61,5%. Kata Kunci: Kompensasi, Disiplin Kerja, Kinerja Karyawan\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 613,\n \"width\": 80,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1. Pendahuluan\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 627,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 53,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tenaga kerja yang biasa disebut dengan SDM, ialah aset organisasi yang tidak dapat digantikan. Meskipun teknologi dan persiapan yang canggih, peran profesional manusia tetap tak tergantikan. SDM memiliki peran kunci dalam menentukan kemajuan atau kemunduran suatu organisasi, perusahaan, instansi atau departemen (Huzain, 2021).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 680,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 67,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia adalah perusahaan dari Grup Yorozu yang mempunyai cabang di Indonesia. Produksi suku cabang untuk kendaraan roda empat di kerjakan oleh perusahaan ini. PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia dijalankan untuk pertama saat di DKI Jakarta tahun 2012. Akan tetapi perushaan ini pada 2013 pindah ke Kabupaten Karawang. Lokasi sekarang ada di Jl. Mitra Industri Karawang di Mitra Selatan IV, Parungmulya, Kecamatan\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 83,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Fahira dkk, (2024)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 404,\n \"top\": 53,\n \"width\": 103,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 5673-5682\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 287,\n \"top\": 793,\n \"width\": 25,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"5674\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 85,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 67,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Ciampel, Kabupaten Karawang. (Irpan Hidayat, 2022). Sesudah melakukan wawancara singkat di PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia, diketahui bahwa beberapa pekerja tidak melaksanakan kinerja terbaik mereka. Sebab kinerja berkaitan dengan tujuan startegis organisasi, hasil kerja kinerja karyawan akan berdampak pada kinerja organisasi. Sebaliknya, jika kapasitas dan efesiensi usaha akan meningkat sebagai hasil dari peningkatan kinerja karyawan. (Aryani et al., 2022).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 153,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 93,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kinerja yang tinggi tergantung pada kesadaran masing-masing manajemen untuk meningkatkan kinerja karyawannya dengan cara mendukungnya dalam bentuk suasana kerja yang menyenangkan, meningkatkan motivasi kerja, dan memberikan kompensasi yang adil dan standar kerja yang tinggi kepada setiap karyawan. Namun kenyataannya, perusahaan kurang menekankan pada pengelolaan SDM yang baik, walaupun SDM mempunyai pengaruh yang terlalu besar terhadap keberhasilan suatu perusahaan (Aromega et al., 2019). Kompensasi ialah salah satu bagian yang mempengaruhi kurangnya kinerja karyawan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 247,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 147,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Satu bagian manajemen sumber daya manusia ialah pemberian kompensasi, yang mengacu pada semua jenis penghargaan kepada individu sebagai imbalan atas kinerja mereka dalam mencapai tujuan perusahaan. Tawaran kompensasi harus adil dan masuk akal bagi karyawan. Adil dan wajar berarti kompensasi dan gaji yang diterima karyawan agar dapat bertahan hidup, dan pemberian balas jasa, serta tanggung jawab minimal setiap pekerjaan, guna meningkatkan operasional usaha semaksimal mungkin (Yulandri, 2021). Pada PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia pemberian kompensasi belum sesuai beban pekerjaan seperti penelitian dari (Aromega et al., 2019) dengan hasil yaitu belum ada kesesuaian antara pemberian kompensasi dengan beban pekerjaan, kompensasi merupakan satu hal yang sangat berpengaruh dalam pekerjaan maka dari itu karyawan PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia menganggap bahwa gaji diberikan terhadap sangat sepadan dengan pekerjaan yang dijalankan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 394,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 134,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pemberian kompensasi pada PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia sudah sesuai dengan UMR Kab.Karawang yang saat ini mencapai Rp. 5.200.000. Disiplin dalam hal ini juga turut berpengaruh terhadap kinerja suatu perusahaan. Apabila pegawai lebih disiplin maka kinerja dan hasil kerja perusahan akan lebih baik. Salah satu kekuatan operasional pengelolaan SDM ialah disiplin, sangat penting karena tingkat disiplin pegawai terkait dengan tingkat prestasi mereka. Tanpa disiplin pegawai perusahaan tidak akan dapat mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan. (Agus Dwi Cahya, 2021). Berdasarkan penelitian (Suroso , 2023) didapatkan hasil yaitu ada dampak signifikan dan positif dari kompensasi kerja terhadap kinerja driver gojek di kabupaten. Namun berdasarkan penjelasan dari (Aromega, 2019) dalam penelitiannya didapatkan hasil yaitu kompensasi tidak berdampak pada kinerja karyawan di Yuta Hotel Manado.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 529,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 80,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pada PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia Hasil survei pertama menunjukkan tingkat kedisiplinan karyawan sangat rendah sehingga menyebabkan kinerja karyawan PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia mengalami penurunan ini selaras akan penelitian dari (Agus Dwi Cahya et al., 2021) dengan hasil yaitu ada kompensasi yang tidak baik pada tingkat absensi karyawan.dan tingkat kedisiplinan PT pada warung padang upik. buruknya kinerja dibuktikan dengan data sebagai berikut\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 162,\n \"top\": 609,\n \"width\": 310,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 1. Data Absesnsai Karyawan PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 704,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 53,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sumber : HRD PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia Terlihat bahwa ketidak hadiran karyawan masih terlihat ada. Pegawai yang datang terlambat untuk bekerja dan masih ada beberapa yang tersisa jarang masuk kerja, itu bisa dilakukan berdampak pada kinerja ditugaskan pada karyawan. Sementara kondisi sebelum\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 83,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Fahira dkk, (2024)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 404,\n \"top\": 53,\n \"width\": 103,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 5673-5682\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 287,\n \"top\": 793,\n \"width\": 25,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"5675\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 85,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 94,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"disiplin kerja dan remunerasi, tidak sedikit karyawan yang tidak patuh terhadap aturan dan sering terlambat atau meninggalkan pekerjaan lebih awal. Namun, setelah adanya konsekuensi yang jelas terhadap kinerja, seperti upah di potong, kinerja dan kedisiplinan karyawan meningkat secara signifikan (Yeremia & Nuridin, 2022). Berdasarkan penelitian (Jufrizen, 2021) didapatkan hasil yaitu disiplin kerja dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan , diwarung padang upik memiliki pengaruh signifikan dan positif. Namun berdasarkan penelitian (Agus Dwi Cahya, 2021) menemukan bahwa disiplin terhadap kinerja karyawan diwarung padang upik.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 180,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan menurut studi yang dilakukan oleh (Yuliana Alisya Rumambi et al., 2019) dengan hasil yaitu kinerja karyawan pada PT Samudra Mulia Abadi Manado secara positif dan signifikan dipengaruhi oleh kompensasi dan disiplin kerja.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 233,\n \"width\": 96,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2. Tinjauan Pustaka\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 247,\n \"width\": 75,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1. Kompensasi\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 260,\n \"width\": 430,\n \"height\": 107,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Menurut (Asir et al., 2022) Salah satu tanggung jawab bagian manajemen sumber daya manusia (SDM) yaitu kompensasi, yang mengambil segala jenis imbalan yang diterima seseorang sebagai imbalan atas penyelesaian tugas organisasi. Menurut (Andani, 2021) Kompensasi merupakan hal yang mengacu pada imbalan moneter dan non-moneter yang diberikan untuk perusahaan kepada karyawannya. Sebagaimana dinyatakan (Firmandari, 2014) Kompensasi mengambil segala sesuatu yang diberikan terhadap karyawan kami sebagai upah dan kemampuan mereka ditempat kerja. Setiap perusahaan memiliki system kompensasi individual yang setara dengan tujuan, visi dan misi.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 367,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 40,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Mengacu pada pemaparan sebelumnya, bisa kita simpulkan bahwa yang dimaksudkan kompensasi dalam penelitian ini ialah imbalan berupa uang dan non-uang yang diberikan perusahaan kepada karyawannya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 408,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Menurut (Andani, 2021), ada 4 indikator kompensasi : 1. Insentif, 2. Gaji 3.Upah 4. Benefit and service.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 448,\n \"width\": 77,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2. Disiplin kerja\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 462,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 107,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Menurut (Andani, 2021) Disiplin kerja adalah kesiapan untuk mengikuti aturan dilingkungan kerja. Disiplin kerja sangat mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan. Menurut (Ery Teguh Prasetyo, 2019) Disiplin kerja ialah cara menejer berkomunikasi dengan karyawan, memotivasi, dan memastikan kepatuhan terhadap aturan. Ini digunakan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan motivasi induvidu dalam kinerja. Menurut (Raymond et al., 2023) Disiplin kerja mengacu pada sikap menghormati, menaati, dan mematuhi segala peraturan yang ditetapkan perusahaan. Menurut (Andriani, 2020)Disiplin kerja merupakan bagian yang sangat penting ditempat kerja maupun diluar pekerjaan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 569,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan penjelasan di atas, disiplin kerja dapat didefinisikan sebagai sikap dan harapan seseorang untuk mengikuti dan menaati pada aturan yang berlaku.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 596,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 40,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Menurut (Andriani, 2020) ada empat indikator disiplin kerja: 1. Kepatuhan terhadap peraturan, 2. Mematuhi peraturan perusahaan, 3. Mengikuti peraturan perilaku di tempat kerja, 4. Ikuti peraturan perusahaan lainnya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 649,\n \"width\": 52,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3. Kinerja\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 663,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 94,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Menurut (Andani, 2021) kinerja pegawai merupakan capaian hasil oleh pegawai dalam penyelesaian tugas dan tanggung jawabnya dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Menurut (Asir et al., 2022) Kinerja merupakan perilaku seorang pegawai berupa prestasi kerja sesuai dengan tanggung jawabnya. Menurut (Aryani et al., 2022)Kinerja merupakan tugas yang berkaitan dengan tujuan dalam waktu lama organisasi. Setelah hasil kinerja pegawai kurang optimal maka berdampak pada kinerja organisasi. Sebaliknya, ketika apabila kinerja karyawan meningkat, produktivitas dan efektivitas perusahaan meningkat.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 83,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Fahira dkk, (2024)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 404,\n \"top\": 53,\n \"width\": 103,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 5673-5682\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 287,\n \"top\": 793,\n \"width\": 25,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"5676\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 85,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 40,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kinerja merupakan hasil kerja seorang pegawai secara keseluruhan dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Misalnya: Maksud atau tujuan, standar, hasil kerja dan standar lain yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya dan disepakati bersama (Cholishoh, 2021)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 126,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 40,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dengan menelaah penjelasan sebelumnya, bisa dipetik kesimpulan bahwa hasil penelitian ini yaitu suatu hasil proses dengan diacu, diukur dalam kurun waktu tertentu dan atas dasar yang ditentukan atau disepakati\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 166,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 27,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Menurut (Cholishoh, 2021), kinerja memiliki indikator yang terdiri dari: a. Ketepatan waktu Kinerja pegawai yang maksimal, b.Kualitas, c. Kuantitas, d.Efektifitas.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 206,\n \"width\": 197,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kerangka Berpikir Dan Hipotesis Penelitian\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 241,\n \"top\": 388,\n \"width\": 118,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gambar 2. Kerangka Pikir Sumber : Peneliti 2023\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 415,\n \"width\": 45,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Hipotesis\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 428,\n \"width\": 174,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Penelitian ini memiliki hipotesis, yaitu:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 442,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"H1: Terdapat pengaruh parsial Kompensasi terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT Yorozu Automotive Indoneia\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 469,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"H2: Terdapat pengaruh parsial Disiplin Kerja terdapat Kinerja Karyawan pada PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 495,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 27,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"H3: Terdapat pengaruh silmutan Kompensasi dan Disiplin kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 535,\n \"width\": 101,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3. Metode Penelitian\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 549,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 107,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Penelitian verifikatif ditujukan dalam rangka melihat hubungan beberapa variabel ( Duwi Priyatno, 2018:107.). Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantiatif dan metode analisis regresi berganda. Ini adalah analisis yang mengevaluasi beberapa variabel bebas yang secara simultan atau parsial terhadap variabel terikat memiliki pengaruh signifikan. 176 orang karyawan PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia adalah subjek penelitian ini. Sehingga total sampel penelitian ini adalah 122 orang. Dengan tingkat kesalahan 5% karena penarikan sampel jumlahnya refresentatif atau dapat mewakili agar hasilnya dapat digeneralisasikan dan perhitungannya dapat dibuat kesimpulannya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 121,\n \"top\": 656,\n \"width\": 221,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Rumus slovin untuk menentikan sempel adalah :\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 229,\n \"top\": 673,\n \"width\": 9,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"𝑛\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 669,\n \"width\": 349,\n \"height\": 88,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"# $%# (') ) Di mana: Keterangan: N: total populasi n : total responden/ sampel e : taraf persentase kesalahan yang diinginkan dengan populasi dan presisi 5%\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 83,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Fahira dkk, (2024)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 404,\n \"top\": 53,\n \"width\": 103,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 5673-5682\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 287,\n \"top\": 793,\n \"width\": 25,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"5677\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 85,\n \"width\": 184,\n \"height\": 27,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jumlah populasi yang ditetapkan adalah: Diketahui: N : 176\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 157,\n \"top\": 112,\n \"width\": 29,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"e : 5%\",\n \"type\": \"Picture\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 126,\n \"width\": 33,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Maka:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 250,\n \"top\": 138,\n \"width\": 96,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"𝑛 = 176 1 + 176 (0,05) 2 𝑛 = 176\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 298,\n \"top\": 181,\n \"width\": 21,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1,44\",\n \"type\": \"Picture\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 278,\n \"top\": 193,\n \"width\": 39,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"𝑛 = 122\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 219,\n \"width\": 122,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"4. Hasil Dan Pembahasan\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 232,\n \"width\": 57,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Uji Validitas\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 124,\n \"top\": 246,\n \"width\": 351,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 3. Hasil Uji Variabel Kompensasi, Disiplin Kerja, Dan Kinerja Karyawan\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 405,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 27,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berlandaskan temuan tersebut, koefisien korelasi tiga variable di atas yang menerangkan jikalau validitas semua instrumen karena memenuhi nilai r tabel sebesar 0,361.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 446,\n \"width\": 68,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Uji Reliabilitas\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 459,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 27,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Bagian ini mengevaluasi konsistensi instrumen. Instrumen dianggap reliabel ketika Cronbach’s Alpha bias melebihi angka 0,6, maka instrumen dianggap handal.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 234,\n \"top\": 486,\n \"width\": 131,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 4. Hasil Uji Reliabilitas\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 625,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Mengacu pada data tersebut, ketiga variabel ini dinyatakan reliable dikarenakan ada Cronbach’s Alpha memiliki nilai yang melebihi angka 0,6.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 665,\n \"width\": 71,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Uji Normalitas\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 678,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 53,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pelaksanaan uji ini mempunyai tujuan spesifik guna memeriksa apakah model regresi dan variabel yang sifatnya bebas serta variable yang sifatnya terikat mengikuti distribusi normal, menggunakan Unstandarized Residual Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Distribusi dianggap normal jika nilai Sign > 0,05.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 234,\n \"top\": 732,\n \"width\": 131,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 5. Hasil Uji Normalitas\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 83,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Fahira dkk, (2024)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 404,\n \"top\": 53,\n \"width\": 103,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 5673-5682\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 287,\n \"top\": 793,\n \"width\": 25,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"5678\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 178,\n \"top\": 199,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sumber:Hasil Pengolahaan Data, SPSS 2024\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 213,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel diatas menerangkan jikalau nilai signifikan Unstandarize Residual Kolmogorob Sminov sebesar 0,070 > 0,05. Jadi, pendistribusiannya ditetapkan normal.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 253,\n \"width\": 96,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Uji Multikolinieritas\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 267,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pengujian ini mempunyai tujuan spesifik guna mengevaluasi korelasi kuat. Tidak ada multikolinieritas jika VIP < 10 dan nilai Tolerance > 0,1.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 233,\n \"top\": 294,\n \"width\": 132,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 6. Uji Multikolinieritas\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 414,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel menerangkan jikalau nilai VIF variable kompensasi (X1) dan variable disiplin kerja (X2) yakni 1,214< 10 serta tolerancenya bernilai 0,824> 0,1. Jadi multikolinieritas tidak timbul.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 454,\n \"width\": 107,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Uji Heteroskedastisitas\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 208,\n \"top\": 589,\n \"width\": 182,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Gambar 3. Hasil Uji Heteroskedastisitas\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 603,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 40,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tidak ada keberadaan heteroskedastisitas pada penelitian ini, yang diperlihatkan oleh pengujian tersebut. Selain itu titik-titik data tersebar merata pada , sumbu Y disekitar angka nol, tanpa adanya kejelasan pola.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 656,\n \"width\": 294,\n \"height\": 27,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Analisis Regresi Berganda Tabel 7. Hasil Uji Regresi Berganda\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 83,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Fahira dkk, (2024)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 404,\n \"top\": 53,\n \"width\": 103,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 5673-5682\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 287,\n \"top\": 793,\n \"width\": 25,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"5679\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 218,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 67,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sebagai hasil dari perhitungan koefisien regresi, kita menent`ukan konstanta 15,195, sedangkan koefisien , b1 , memiliki nilai sejumlah 0,477 dan koefisien b2 , sebesar 0,206 dengan demikian, persamaan yang dihasilkan. Y= a+ b1X1 + b2X2 +e , Y= 15,195 +0,477X1 + 0,206X2 + e\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 299,\n \"width\": 79,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Uji t (Uji Parsial)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 230,\n \"top\": 312,\n \"width\": 140,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 8. Hasil Uji t (Uji Parsial)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 465,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 53,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1. Variabel , Kompensasi (X1) dalam mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan , (Y) memperoleh sig. sejumlah , 0,000 <0,05. Selanjutnya berdasarkan uji ini yaitu t-hitung >t-tabel(9,733>1,979), Artinya Variabel kompensasi (X1) terdapat Kinerja Karyawan (Y) mempengaruhi variabel secara parsial.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 519,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 53,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2. Nila sig yang didapatkan dari pengaruh variabel Disiplin kerja (X2) terdapat kinerja karyawan (Y) yaitu 0,00 < 0,05. Selanjutnya berdasarkan uji t memperoleh t-hitung >t-tabel (4,776 > 1,979), Makannya, variabel disiplin kerja (X2) dipengaruhi oleh variabel Kinerja Karyawan (Y) secara parsial.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 586,\n \"width\": 82,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"UJi Simultan Uji F\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 231,\n \"top\": 600,\n \"width\": 136,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tabel 9. Hasil Uji Simultan (F)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 121,\n \"top\": 742,\n \"width\": 392,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan output diatas diketahui F hitung dengan nilai 95,044dengan signifikansi\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 83,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Fahira dkk, (2024)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 404,\n \"top\": 53,\n \"width\": 103,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 5673-5682\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 287,\n \"top\": 793,\n \"width\": 25,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"5680\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 85,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 40,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"yang bernilai 0.000 < 0,005. nilai Fhitung i n i > Ftabel (95,044 > 3,07), sehingga bisa didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa secara simultan ada pengaruh Kompensasi dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 139,\n \"width\": 118,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Uji Koefisien Determinasi\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 153,\n \"width\": 399,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Fungsinya ialah memahami persentase atas pengaruh kedua variable secara bersamaan. Tabel 10. Uji Koefisien Determinasi\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 286,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 40,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Mengacu pada data tersebut didapatkan bahwa R Square 0,615 dari Kompensasi (X1) dan Disiplin Kerja (X2) terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Y) memberi kontribusi sejumlah 61,5%. Sementara sebagiannya lagi yaitu 38,5% dipengaruhi faktor lain.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 340,\n \"width\": 64,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pembahasan\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 353,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 85,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian secara parsial dapat ditarik kesimpulan yaitu ada pengaruh positif dari variabel Kompensasi (X1) terhadap varibel Kinerja Karyawan(Y) pada PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia. Hal ini dapat diperhatikan berdasarkan pengujian yang mendapatkan sig. sejumlah 0,000 < 0,05. Selanjutnya, berdasarkan uji yang diperoleh thitung > ttabel (9,733> 1,979), maka secara empiris bisa didapatkan kesimpulan yaitu terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan dari variabel Kompensasi(X1).\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 439,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 84,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian secara parsial dapat ditarik kesimpulan terdapat pengaruh positif dari variabel Disiplin kerja (X2) terhadap varibel Kinerja Karyawan (Y) pada PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia. Ini bisa diperhatikan dari hasil uji mendapatkan 3,07< 0,05. Selanjutnya, berdasarkan uji t diperoleh thitung > ttabel (4,776> 1,979), maka secara empiris bisa didapatkan kesimpulan yaitu ada pengaruh signifikan dan positif dari variabel disiplin kerja (X2).\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 523,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 81,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian Secara simultan terdapat pengaruh signifikan dari kompensasi dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia. Karena hasil uji menyatakan Nilai signifikansi F hitung yaitu sejumlah 95,044 dan Tingkat signifikasi bernilai 0,000 < 0,05. Nilai ini memperlihatkan bahwa Fhitung> Ftabel (95,044 > 3,07). Sehingga terbukti bahwa secara simultan Kompensasi dan Disiplin Kerja mempengaruhi Kinerja Karyawan PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 618,\n \"width\": 56,\n \"height\": 27,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"5. Penutup Kesimpulan\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 645,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 40,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1. Variabel kompensasi berdampak parsial pada variabel kinerja karyawan, karena didapatkan sig. dengan nilai 0,000 < 0,05. Penelitian ini didapatkan hasil yaitu 9,733 lebih besar dari 1,979, atau t-hitung > t-tabel.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 685,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 40,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2. Variabel disiplin kerja mempengaruhi variabel kinerja karyawan secara parsial, karena didapatkan sig. dengan nilai 0,000 <0,05 serta bahwa 4,776 lebih besar dari 1,979, atau t- hitung > t-tabel.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 726,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3. Ditunjukkan oleh F hitung 95,044 > F tabel 3,07 dan signifikasi 0,000 < 0,05. Maknanya, kompensasi dan disiplin kerja secaraa bersamaan memengaruhi tingkat kinerja karyawan.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 83,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Fahira dkk, (2024)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 404,\n \"top\": 53,\n \"width\": 103,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 5673-5682\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 287,\n \"top\": 793,\n \"width\": 25,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"5681\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 99,\n \"width\": 43,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Implikasi\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 112,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 27,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Hasil penelitian kini menunjukkan bahwa orang-orang yang akan melakukan penelitian serupa atau lebih lanjut harus mempertimbangkan hal-hal berikut:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 139,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 80,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1. Perusahaan dapat memperhatikan bahwa kompensasi yang terbilang perlu ditingkatkan sehingga para pegawai bisa memiliki disiplin kerja yang baik. Selain itu harus terus ditingkatkan pemberian kompensasi baik secara finansial baik secara finansial maupun non finansial. Peningkatan disiplin kerja, meskipun sudah masuk dalam kategori cukup, terutama dalam hal kepatuhan terhadap peraturan perusahaan; dan peningkatan kompensasi, meskipun sudah masuk dalam kategori baik.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 220,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk mengembangkan ilmu Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia khususnya dampak dari kompensasi terhadap tingkat kedisiplinan.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 247,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3. Variabel tambahan dapat digunakan sebagai referensi untuk penelitian berikutnya oleh peneliti.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 287,\n \"width\": 70,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Daftar Pustaka\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 301,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Agus Dwi Cahya, Ocsalino Damare, & Catur Harjo. (2021). Pengaruh Kompensasi dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Warung Padang Upik. Jurnal Sinar Manajemen , 8 (2), 105–115. https://doi.org/10.56338/jsm.v8i2.1645\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 341,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Andani, juli dwi. (2021). Pengaruh Kompensasi Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan RSU HIDAYAH DELI TUA.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 367,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 27,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Andriani. (2020). Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja dan Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Satpol PP di Kecamatan Cipayung DKI Jakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 394,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 40,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Aromega, T. N., Kojo, C., & Lengkong, V. P. K. (2019). Pengaruh Kompensasi Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Di Yuta Hotel Manado. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi , 7 (1), 741–750.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 435,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 26,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Aryani, F., Hardiyana, A., Satria, R. O., & Nurhadian, A. F. (2022). Pengaruh Kompetensi dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Pegawai. Acman: Accounting and Management Journal ,\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 462,\n \"width\": 229,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2 (2), 158–163. https://doi.org/10.55208/aj.v2i2.48\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 475,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 53,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Asir, M., Yusuf, M., & Ardianto, R. (2022). The Impact Of Compensation, Motivation And Job Satisfaction On Employee Performance In The Company: A Review Literature Universitas PGRI Semarang 1 , Universitas Cipasung Tasikmalaya 2 , Politeknik LP3I Makassar 3 STIA Bandung 4 , Universitas Pertiwi 5 su. Management Studies and Entrepreneurship Journal ,\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 529,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 53,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3 (6), 2022. http://journal.yrpipku.com/index.php/msej Bintoro. (2019). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan , 9 (2), 952– 962. Cholishoh, A. (2021). Pengaruh Beban Kerja Dan Stres Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Studi\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 582,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 40,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kasus Pt. Indoexim Internatonal) . Ery Teguh Prasetyo, P. M. (2019). Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine , 15 (3), 190.\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 623,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 39,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"https://doi.org/10.2310/8000.2013.131108 Firmandari, N. (2014). Pengaruh Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Motivasi Kerja Sebagai Variabel Moderasi (Studi Pada Bank Syariah Mandiri Kantor Cabang Yogyakarta).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 663,\n \"width\": 90,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Ekbisi , IX (1), 25–34.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 676,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 27,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Huzain, H. (2021). Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Manusia. Paper Knowledge . Toward a Media History of Documents , 3 (2), 6.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 703,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 40,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Illanisa, N., Zulkarnaen, W., & Suwarna, A. (2019). Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Sekolah Dasar Islam Binar Indonesia Bandung. Sain Ekonomi Manajemen & Akuntansi Riviu , 143 , 16–25.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 744,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Irpan Hidayat. (2022). Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 50,\n \"width\": 83,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Fahira dkk, (2024)\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 404,\n \"top\": 53,\n \"width\": 103,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 5673-5682\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 287,\n \"top\": 793,\n \"width\": 25,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"5682\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 85,\n \"width\": 305,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Karyawan Pt Yorozu Automotive Indonesia Di Kabupaten Karawang.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 99,\n \"width\": 429,\n \"height\": 67,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Jufrizen, J. (2021). Pengaruh Fasilitas Kerja Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Motivasi Kerja. Sains Manajemen , 7 (1), 35–54. https://doi.org/10.30656/sm.v7i1.2277 Raymond, Siregar, D. L., Dasa Putri, A., Gita indrawan, M., & Simanjuntak, J. (2023). Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja dan Beban Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT Tanjung Mutiara Perkasa. Jurnal Sistem Informasi & Bisnis , 1–92.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 166,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 80,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Yeremia, R., & Nuridin, N. (2022). Pengaruh Kompensasi Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pt. Mitra Adiperkasa, Tbk. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Krisnadwipayana , 10 (1), 401–412. https://doi.org/10.35137/jmbk.v10i1.669 Yulandri, O. (2021). Pengaruh Kompensasi dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Warung Padang Upik. Economics and Digital Business Review , 2 (2), 214–221. https://doi.org/10.37531/ecotal.v2i2.86\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 247,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Yuliana Alisya Rumambi, Rosalina A M Kolengan, & Lucky O H Ditolung. (2019). Pengaruh\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 260,\n \"width\": 400,\n \"height\": 40,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kompensasi Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Pt. Samudra Mulia Abadi Manado. Jurnal EMBA , 7 (4), 5831–5840. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/emba/article/view/26518\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 301,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 66,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"LatifM., SurosoS., & KarnamaM. (2023). Pengaruh Kompensasi dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja pada Driver Gojek di Kabupaten Karawang. El-Mal: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi & Bisnis Islam , 5 (3), 1798-1808. https://doi.org/10.47467/elmal.v5i3.5014 Duwi Priyatno. (2018). SPSS Panduan Mudah Olah Data Bagi Mahasiswa & Umum (Giovanny, Ed.). Penerbit ANDI.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 367,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kumba Digdowiseiso. (2017). Metodologi Penelitian Ekonomi Dan Bisnis (Suharyono, Ed.).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 381,\n \"width\": 191,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Lembaga Penerbitan Universitas Nasional.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n }\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":1498,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"string","value":"ab8860cd-a137-4491-4081-001fb80b86c7"},"url":{"kind":"string","value":"http://ejournal.iainpalopo.ac.id/index.php/alamwal/article/download/203/182"},"data":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"left":101,"top":88,"width":396,"height":25,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"KERAHASIAAN BANK: SUATU TINJAUAN DALAM ATURAN HUKUM PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDOESIA","type":"Section header"},{"left":265,"top":121,"width":69,"height":10,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Miftah Idris .*","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":148,"width":428,"height":111,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Abstract : Islamic Banking is part of the financial and payment system of a country and its existence depends absolutely on the confidence of the customers who entrust their deposits in the Islamic Banking, so the bank secrecy is necessary to maintain it. Bank secrecy as defined under the Act is everything related to the financial and other matters of bank customers in the ordinary course of banking world shall be kept confidential in this case Islamic banking. In this paper there would discuss how was the actual secrecy Islamic bank in Indonesia in accordance with the applicable law and how it was applied in the field. This was written to determine the scope of bank secrecy in Islamic banking and exceptions set out in secrecy banks in Islamic banking in Indonesia .","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":268,"width":350,"height":10,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Keyword : Bank Secrecy, the Rule of Law, and the Indonesian Islamic Banking .","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":295,"width":65,"height":10,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pendahuluan","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":313,"width":201,"height":200,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Menurut sejarah, penerapan keraha- siaan bank sama tuanya dengan perkem- bangan perbankan sendiri. Bahkan sudah ada sejak 4000 tahun yang lalu di Babylonia sebagaimana tercantum dalam Code of Hamourabi . Aturan kerahasiaan bank yang dalam perkembangannya juga diakui sebagai bagian dari hak asasi manusia yang ber- fungsi untuk melindungi rahasia pribadi orang tersebut ( right of privacy ) serta keuangannya ( financial privacy ). Bahkan mengenai rahasia bank ini di berbagai negara telah masuk dalam konstitusi atau undang-undang yang tujuannya adalah untuk menciptakan kepercayaan masyarakat yang menyimpan uangnya di bank. 1","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":515,"width":201,"height":99,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pada zaman abad pertengahan keten- tuan semacam kerahasiaan bank itu telah diatur pada peraturan perundangan, bahkan di kerajaan Jerman pada saat itu telah diatur dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Per- data. Dengan berkembanganya perdagangan dan ambruknya feodalisme dalam perta- rungan yang semakin sengit untuk mem-","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":632,"width":201,"height":67,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"* Dosen Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Luwuk Banggai dan Kandidat Doktor pada Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, E-mail: miftahidris@ rocket mail.com dan miftah.idris@mail. ugm. ac.id, Phone: 081392921986","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":705,"width":201,"height":46,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1 Heru Supraptomo, 2005, Terobosan Hukum dalam Rahasia Bank, artikel dalam Jurnal Hukum Bisnis, Yayasan Pengembangan Hukum Bisnis, Jakarta: hlm. 26.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":294,"width":201,"height":99,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"perjuangkan hak-hak individu, kepercayaan kepada kebijaksanaan lembaga perbankan untuk merahasiakan keterangan-keterangan mengenai soal-soal keuangan, dan pribadi nasabah-nasabahnya menjadi suatu kebu- tuhan yang tidak bisa ditawar-tawar lagi bagi perlindungan hak milik pribadi dan bagi kalangan praktik perdagangan.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":395,"width":201,"height":86,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Menjelang pertengahan abad ke-19, boleh dikatakan semua pemerintah di Eropa Barat telah mensahkan asas kerahasiaan bank, dan semenjak itu undang-undang serupa telah diberlakukan di setiap negara yang menghendaki sistem perbankan yang tertib. 2","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":484,"width":201,"height":200,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tidak jauh berbeda dengan yang ada di negara-negara lain, di Indonesia, tugas bank dalam mencapai tujuan pembangunan nasional yaitu mewujudkan masyarakat yang adil dan makmur berdasarkan Pancasila dan Undang–Undang Dasar 1945. Selain itu, bank mempunyai peran yang sangat penting yang perannya diatur dalam aturan hukum perbankan yang ada di Indonesia. Sebab, sebagai salah satu motor penggerak pem- bangunan bangsa, lembaga perbankan mem- punyai peran yang sangat strategis karena bank mempunyai fungsi intermediasi untuk menghimpun dana dari masyarakat sebagai nasabah dalam bentuk simpanan dan menya- lurkan kembali dana tersebut dalam bentuk","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":705,"width":200,"height":23,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2 Muhammad Djumhana, 1996, Rahasia Bank (Ketentuan dan Penerapannya) di","type":"Footnote"},{"left":312,"top":730,"width":201,"height":21,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Indonesia, PT Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung: hlm. 112.","type":"List item"},{"left":161,"top":45,"width":351,"height":10,"page_number":1,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Miftah Idris , Kerahasiaan Bank: Suatu Tinjauan dalam Aturan Hukum…. 1","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":88,"width":201,"height":263,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"pinjaman kepada masyarakat yang mem- butuhkannya. Bank diharap dapat menye- rasikan, menyelaraskan menyeimbangkan unsur pemerataan pembangunan dan hasil- hasilnya, pertumbuhan ekonomi dan stabi- litas nasional yang pada akhirnya mengarah kepada peningkatan taraf hidup masyarakat banyak. Bank di Indonesia merupakan bagian dari sistem keuangan dan sistem pembayaran suatu negara. Pada era globali- sasi, bank juga telah menjadi bagian dari sistem keuangan dan sistem pembayaran dunia. Mengingat hal yang demikian itu, maka begitu suatu bank telah memperoleh ijin berdiri dan beroperasi dari otoritas moneter dari negara yang bersangkutan, bank tersebut menjadi milik masyarakat. Oleh karena itu eksistensinya bukan saja hanya harus dijaga oleh para pemilik bank itu sendiri dan pengurusnya, tetapi juga oleh masyarakat nasional dan global.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":353,"width":201,"height":225,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Bank merupakan lembaga keuangan yang eksistensinya tergantung mutlak pada kepercayaan dari para nasabahnya yang mempercayakan dana simpanan mereka pada bank. Oleh karena itu bank sangat berkepentingan agar tingkat kepercayaan masyarakat, yang telah maupun yang akan menyimpan dananya, terpelihara dengan baik dalam tingkat yang tinggi. Mengingat bank adalah bagian dari sistem keuangan dan sistem pembayaran, yang masyarakat luas berkepentingan atas kesehatan dari sistem-sistem tersebut, sedangkan keper- cayaan masyarakat kepada bank merupakan unsur paling pokok dari eksistensi suatu bank, maka terpeliharanya kepercayaan masyarakat kepada perbankan adalah juga kepentingan masyarakat banyak. 3","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":581,"width":201,"height":98,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Meskipun demikian, untuk membukti- kan eksistensi suatu bank juga dapat dilihat dengan mencari bagaimana kerahasiaan bank tersebut, namun pada umumnya sistem kerahasiaan bank yang ada di Indonesia hampir semuanya sama persis dalam pene- rapannya baik itu perbankan konvensional dan perbankan syariah. Bagaimana tidak,","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":705,"width":201,"height":46,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3 Andrian Sutedi, 2007, Hukum Perbankan: Suatu Tinjauan Pencucian Uang, Merger, Likuidasi, dan Kepailitan, Sinar Grafika, Jakarta: hlm. 1.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":88,"width":201,"height":414,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"kerahasiaan setiap bank-bank tersebut adalah suatu keharusan yang ada dalam aturan setiap bank. Dengan adanya ketentuan kerahasiaan bank ini menimbul- kan kesan bagi masyarakat, bahwa bank bisa jadi sengaja merahasiakan sumber keuangan nasabahnya yang tidak sehat dari sorotan masyarakat yang ingin mencari tahu. Sehingga selama ini timbul kesan bahwa dalam sistem perbankan itu sendiri timbul kesan bahwa bank bersembunyi di balik kerahasiaan bank untuk melindungi kepen- tingan nasabahnya yang belum tentu benar. Persepsi yang berbeda dari masyarakat akan perbankan syariah justru berbeda dengan konvensional, bagaimana tidak, sebab nilai yang dibawa oleh perbankan syariah adalah nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam Islam yang jauh dari nilai kemudharatan secara prinsipnya. Sehingga masyarakat Indonesia yang dominan Islam kebanyakan berang- gapan bahwa dengan sumber keuangan yang sehat dari nasabah tersebut sebaiknya disimpan di bank yang memiliki sistem kerahasiaan bank yang sehat juga. Terlepas dari keyakinan tersebut, jika bank benar- benar melindungi kepentingan nasabahnya yang jujur dan bersih, maka hal itu merupakan suatu keharusan dan kepatutan. Sebab, ketentuan kerahasiaan bank meru- pakan suatu hal yang sangat penting bagi nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya mau- pun kepentingan bagi bank itu sendiri. 4","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":505,"width":201,"height":187,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Meskipun demikian, Ketentuan kera- hasiaan bank yang ada di Indonesia diatur di dalam Undang-Undang Perbankan, selanjut- nya disebut UUP. Dengan adanya undang- undang tersebut, bertujuan untuk meng- hindari terjadinya penyalahgunaan keuangan nasabah, maka dibuatlah aturan khusus yang melarang bank untuk memberikan informasi tercatat kepada siapapun berkaitan dengan keadaan keuangan nasabah, simpanan dan penyimpanannya sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan sebagaimana diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 kecuali dalam hal-hal tertentu yang","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":717,"width":200,"height":34,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"4 Hermansyah, 2005, Hukum Perbankan Nasional Indonesia, Kencana, Jakarta: hlm. 109- 110.","type":"Footnote"},{"left":85,"top":45,"width":181,"height":10,"page_number":2,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2. Al Amwal, Vol I. No. 1 Maret 2016","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":88,"width":201,"height":85,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"disebutkan secara tegas di dalam undang- undang tersebut. Terkait dalam aturan ter- sebut, pelanggaran terhadap ketentuan kera- hasiaan bank juga merupakan suatu tindak pidana dan pihak-pihak yang tidak meme- gang teguh ketentuan kerahasiaan bank tersebut dapat dikenakan sanksi pidana.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":176,"width":201,"height":225,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Bagi perbankan syariah, ketentuan rahasia bank diatur secara khusus dalam ketentuan Pasal 41 sampai dengan Pasal 49 Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah. Namun, pada Pasal 42 sampai Pasal 48 Undang-Undang Perbankan Syariah, selanjutnya disebut UUPS, mengatur mengenai pengecualian atas berlakunya ketentuan kerahasiaan bank yang tidak jauh berbeda dengan apa yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Perbankan. Sebab pada dasarnya pengaturan ketentuan kerahasiaan bank dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan tidak jauh berbeda dengan peng- aturan ketentuan rahasia bank dalam kegi- atan usaha perbankan konvensional sebagai- mana yang tertuang dalam Undang-Undang Perbankan.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":410,"width":151,"height":10,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kerahasiaan Bank di Indonesia","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":426,"width":201,"height":253,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Menurut Sutan Remy Sjahdeini, 5 Bank adalah suatu lembaga keuangan yang eksistensinya tergantung mutlak pada keper- cayaan dari para nasabah yang mem- percayakan dan dan jasa-jasa lain yang dilakukan mereka melalui bank pada khususnya dan dari masyarakat luas pada umumnya. Oleh karena itu, bank sangat berkepentingan agar kadar kepercayaan masyarakat, yang telah maupun yang akan menyimpan dananya, maupun yang telah atau akan menggunakan jasa-jasa bank lainnya, terpelihara dengan baik dalam tingkat yang tinggi. Mengingat bank adalah bagian dari sistem keuangan dan sistem pembayaran, yang masyarakat luas ber- kepentingan atas kesehatan dari sistem- sistem tersebut, sedangkan kepercayaan masyarakat kepada bank merupakan unsur paling pokok dari eksistensi suatu bank,","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":705,"width":201,"height":23,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"5 Sutan Remy Sjahdeini, 2006, Rahasia Bank: Berbagai Masalah di Sekitarnya , dalam","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":730,"width":201,"height":21,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Hukum Perbankan, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta: hlm. 26-27","type":"Table"},{"left":312,"top":88,"width":199,"height":35,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"maka terpeliharanya kepercayaan masya- rakat kepada perbankan adalah juga kepen- tingan masyarakat banyak.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":125,"width":201,"height":162,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sedangkan dalam istilah Muhammad Djumhana bahwa rahasia bank adalah segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keuangan dan hal-hal lain dari nasabah bank yang menurut kelaziman dunia perbankan tidak boleh secara terbuka diungkapkan kepada pihak masyarakat. Dalam hubungan ini yang menurut kelaziman wajib dirahasiakan oleh bank, adalah seluruh data dan informasi mengenai segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keuangan, dan hal-hal lain dari orang, dan badan yang diketahui oleh bank karena kegiatan usahanya. 6","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":290,"width":201,"height":174,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Selain itu, Menurut Munir Fuady me- miliki interpretasi yang berbeda mengenai rahasia bank, menurutnya bahwa rahasia bank adalah hubungan antara bank dengan nasabah ternyata tidaklah seperti hubungan kontraktual biasa. Akan tetapi dalam hu- bungan tersebut terdapat pula kewajiban bagi bank untuk tidak membuka rahasia nasabahnya kepada pihak lain manapun kecuali jika ditentukan lain oleh perundang- undangan yang berlaku. Hal ini dinamakan rahasia bank. Dengan demikian, istilah rahasia bank mengacu pada rahasia dalam hubungan antara bank dengan nasabahnya. 7","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":467,"width":201,"height":86,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dalam UUP sendiri, kerahasiaan bank diartikan bahwa segala sesuatu yang ber- hubungan dengan keterangan nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya. 8 Sedangkan dalam UUPS kerahasiaan bank diartikan bahwa segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":612,"width":201,"height":35,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"6 Muhammad Djumhana, 1996, Rahasia Bank (Ketentuan dan Penerapannya) di Indonesia, PT Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung: hlm.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":649,"width":8,"height":9,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1","type":"List item"},{"left":312,"top":664,"width":201,"height":35,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"7 Munir Fuady, 1999, Hukum Perbankan Modern Buku Kesatu, PT Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung: hlm. 80","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":705,"width":201,"height":46,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"8 Pasal 1 Angka (28) Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan","type":"Text"},{"left":156,"top":-93,"width":356,"height":10,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Miftah Idris, Kerahasiaan Bank: Suatu Tinjauan dalam Aturan Hukum….3","type":"Page header"},{"left":162,"top":45,"width":350,"height":10,"page_number":3,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Miftah Idris , Kerahasiaan Bank: Suatu Tinjauan dalam Aturan Hukum…. 3","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":88,"width":201,"height":22,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"penyimpan dan simpanannya serta nasabah dan investor dan investasinya. 9","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":113,"width":201,"height":86,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pada dasarnya terdapat perbedaan dari pengertian rahasia bank dari peraturan- peraturan perundang-undangan mulai dari Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 1967 hingga Undang-undang yang masih berlaku sekarang. Dibawah ini kutipan beberapa pengertian rahasia bank tersebut, yaitu: 10","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":201,"width":201,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1) Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 14","type":"List item"},{"left":103,"top":214,"width":183,"height":35,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tahun 1967 tentang Pokok-pokok Per- bankan, sebagaimana dalam Pasal 36 menyatakan bahwa:","type":"Text"},{"left":105,"top":250,"width":182,"height":75,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"“ Yang dimaksudkan dengan rahasia bank adalah segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keuangan dan lain-lain dari nasabah menurut kelaziman dunia perbankan perlu dirahasiakan .”","type":"Table"},{"left":85,"top":328,"width":201,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2) Selanjut menurut Pasal 1 Angka 16","type":"List item"},{"left":103,"top":341,"width":183,"height":22,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan, menyatakan bahwa:","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":364,"width":202,"height":240,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"“ Rahasia bank adalah segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keuangan dan lain-lain dari nasabah bank yang menurut kelaziman dunia perbankan wajib dirahasiakan. ” Dari pengertian di atas, Muhamad Djumhana 11 menafsirkan bahwa ternyata juga masih dirasakan sangat luas karena ada kalimat “ hal-hal lain dari nasabah bank yang menurut kelaziman dunia perbankan wajib dirahasiakan ”. Selanjutnya bahwa dalam penjelasannya disebutkan yang dimaksud dengan menurut kelaziman hal-hal lain yang wajib dirahasiakan oleh bank, yaitu seluruh data dan informasi mengenai segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keuangan, dan hal-hal lain dari orang, dan badan yang diketahui oleh bank karena kegiatan usahanya.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":606,"width":201,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3) Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 10","type":"List item"},{"left":103,"top":619,"width":183,"height":22,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Tahun 1998 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":658,"width":201,"height":35,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"9 Pasal 1 Angka (14) Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":699,"width":201,"height":34,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"10 Muhamad Djumhana, 2012, Hukum Perbankan di Indonesia, Citra Aditya Bakti, Cetakan ke VI, hlm.158.","type":"Text"},{"left":106,"top":739,"width":69,"height":12,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"11 Ibid, hlm. 159","type":"Footnote"},{"left":330,"top":88,"width":183,"height":22,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"tentang Perbankan, Pasal 1 Angka 28 menyatakan bahwa:","type":"Text"},{"left":331,"top":111,"width":182,"height":50,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"“ Rahasia bank adalah segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya .”","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":163,"width":201,"height":36,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"4) Pasal 1 Angka 14 Undang-undang No 21 tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah, menyatakan bahwa :","type":"List item"},{"left":331,"top":199,"width":182,"height":63,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"“ Rahasia bank adalah segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya serta nasabah investor dan investasinya. ”","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":271,"width":123,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Teori-Teori Rahasia Bank","type":"Section header"},{"left":312,"top":289,"width":201,"height":111,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berbicara mengenai teori-teori rahasia bank, maka ada ketentuan megenai rahasia bank itu sehingga kemudian menimbulkan kesan bagi masyarakat (nasabah) bahwa bisa juga bahwa bank sendiri sengaja untuk menyembunyikan keadaan keuangan yang tidak sehat dari nasabah debitur, baik orang perorangan, atau perusahaan yang sedang menjadi sorotan masyarakat. 12","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":403,"width":201,"height":111,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sehingga dengan demikian terkadang kepercayaan kepada bank sangat diragukan. Akan tetapi terdapat juga ketentuan bahwa karena rahasia bank yang merupakan suatu hal yang sangat penting bagi nasabah penyimpan maupun simpanannya serta juga bagi kepentingan bank itu sendiri. Sehingga dengan demikian maka rahasia bank juga diperlukan.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":517,"width":201,"height":73,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Teori-teori rahasia bank dapat diarti- kan bahwa suatu bank wajib merahasiakan berbagai informasi nasabahnya itu dengan ketentuan yang bersifat mutlak. Selanjutnya dikemukakan dua teori tentang rahasia bank, antara lain: 13","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":593,"width":201,"height":86,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1) Teori rahasia bank yang bersifat mutlak ( Absolutely Theory ). Maksud dari teori ini bahwa bank mempunyai kewajiban untuk menyimpan rahasia atau kete- rangan-keterangan mengenai nasabah- nya yang diketahui bank karena kegiatan usahanya dalam keadaan apapun juga,","type":"List item"},{"left":333,"top":699,"width":180,"height":11,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"12 Hermansyah, Hukum Perbankan","type":"Table"},{"left":312,"top":713,"width":201,"height":20,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Nasional Indonesia, Kencana Prenada Media Group, Jakarta: hlm. 131-132","type":"Text"},{"left":333,"top":739,"width":84,"height":12,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"13 Ibid, hlm.132-133","type":"Footnote"},{"left":86,"top":44,"width":180,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"4. Al Amwal, Vol I. No. 1 Maret 2016","type":"List item"},{"left":103,"top":88,"width":184,"height":47,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"dalam keadaan biasa atau dalam keadaan luar biasa. Teori ini menon- jolkan kepentingan individu dan masyarakat yang sering terabaikan.","type":"Table"},{"left":85,"top":138,"width":202,"height":99,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"2) Teori rahasia bank yang bersifat relatif ( Relative Theory ). Menurut teori ini, bank diperbolehkan untuk membuka rahasia atau memberikan keterangan nasabah mengenai nasabahnya, jika untuk kepentingan yang mendesak, misalnya untuk kepentingan negara atau kepentingan hukum.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":239,"width":201,"height":99,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Artinya bahwa adanya pengecualian dari rahasia nasabah itu untuk memung- kinkan bank membuka informasi itu yang berkaitan dengan suatu badan atau instansi diperbolehkan untuk meminta informasi atau keterangan data tentang keuangan nasabah yang bersangkutan sesuai dengan ketentuan peerundang-undangan yang berlaku.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":341,"width":201,"height":263,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berbeda dengan hal tersebut, dalam ketentuan rahasia bank menurut hukum Inggris merupakan kewajiban perdata atau kewajiban kontraktual, maka pengungkapan- nya yang dilakukan oleh bank berdasarkan persetujuan nasabah sebagai pihak dalam perjanjian bukanlah tindakan ingkar janji ( default ). Namun, dalam hal kewajiban rahasia bank itu bukan merupakan kewa- jiban perdata, tetapi kewajiban pidana, maka terdapat unsur delik, yakni unsur tindak pidana rahasia bank. 14 Dengan tanpa permintaan tertulis atau persetujuan tertulis dari nasabah sebagai pihak dari transaksi keuangan bank merupakan unsur dari tindak pidana yang bersangkutan. Dengan kata lain, apabila memang ada permintaan atau per- setujuan tertulis dari nasabah agar bank mengungkapkan keadaan keuangannya, maka tidak dapat dianggap telah terjadi tindak pidana pengungkapan rahasia bank. 15","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":606,"width":201,"height":99,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Hal yang masih rancu adalah apakah kepentingan umum dapat dikecualikan dari ketentuan rahasia bank. Pengaturan masalah ini juga belum tercakup dalam Undang- Undang Perbankan. Para pakar mengata- kan, bahwa ada atau tidaknya kepentingan umum tidak dapat ditentukan sendiri oleh bank, tetapi harus ditentukan oleh penga-","type":"Text"},{"left":106,"top":722,"width":136,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"14 Adrian Sutedi, op. cit., hlm. 14","type":"Footnote"},{"left":106,"top":739,"width":82,"height":12,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"15 Ibid., hlm. 14-15.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":88,"width":201,"height":149,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"dilan secara kasuistis. Masalahnya, bagai- mana caranya mendapatkan pendapat penga- dilan, dan sampai sejauh mana pendapat pengadilan (fatwa) mempunyai kekuatan hukum untuk dipatuhi oleh para hakim lain. Untuk menghindari perbedaan pandangan ini, tidak ada jalan lain kecuali harus diatur dengan undang-undang dengan memuat rincian secara detail jenis-jenis, kriteria kepentingan umum dan hal-hal lainnya yang merupakan bagian yang termasuk dalam kepentingan umum. 16","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":246,"width":201,"height":22,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Cakupan Rahasia Bank dalam Kegiatan Usaha Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":277,"width":201,"height":199,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sebagai suatu badan usaha yang dipercayai oleh banyak masyarakat untuk menghimpun dan menyalurkan dananya, sudah sewajarnya bank memberikan jaminan perlindungan kepada nasabahnya berkenan dengan keadaan keuangan nasabah, yang lazimnya dinamakan dengan kerahasiaan bank. 17 Cakupan rahasia dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah diatur dalam ketentuan dalam Pasal 41 Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah yang menentukan sebagai berikut: Bank dan pihak terafiliasi wajib merahasia- kan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyim- pan dan simpanannya serta nasabah inves- tor dan investasinya.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":479,"width":201,"height":111,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sejalan dengan ketentuan dalam Pasal 41 UUPS, sebelumnya ketentuan dalam Pasal 1 (14) UUPS merumuskan pengertian rahasia bank dalam kegiatan usaha per- bankan syariah, yaitu: Rahasia bank adalah segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya serta nasabah dan investor dan investasinya.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":593,"width":201,"height":73,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dengan demikian, berdasarkan pe- ngertian rahasia bank sebagaimana ter- cantum dalam ketentuan Pasal 1 Angka 14 UUPS, kemudian dihubungkan dengan ketentuan dalam Pasal 41 UUPS, maka jelas bahwa pengertian dan cakupan rahasia bank","type":"Text"},{"left":333,"top":699,"width":66,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"16 Ibid., hlm. 15.","type":"Footnote"},{"left":312,"top":717,"width":201,"height":34,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"17 Rachmadi Usman, 2003, Aspek-Aspek Hukum Perbankan di Indonesia, PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta: hlm. 153.","type":"Footnote"},{"left":161,"top":46,"width":351,"height":10,"page_number":5,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Miftah Idris, Kerahasiaan Bank: Suatu Tinjauan dalam Aturan Hukum…. 5","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":88,"width":201,"height":22,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah dibatasi, di antaranya:","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":113,"width":201,"height":48,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"a) Menyangkut segala sesuatu yang ber- hubungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya serta nasabah investor dan investasinya;","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":163,"width":201,"height":86,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"b) Pada dasarnya bank dan pihak terafiliasi berkewajiban memegang teguh keraha- siaan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya dan nasa- bah investor dan investasinya, kecuali hal itu tidak dilarang oleh undang- undang;","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":252,"width":201,"height":73,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"c) Karena kepentingan tertentu, informasi mengenai segala sesuatu yang berhu- bungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan beserta dengan simpanannya dan nasabah investor be- serta dengan investasinya dapat dibuka.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":328,"width":201,"height":124,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pengertian dan cakupan rahasia bank dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah sebagaimana dikemukakan di atas sejalan dengan pengertian dan cakupan rahasia dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan konven- sional sebagaimana diatur dalam UUP, bahwa ketentuan rahasia bank yang semula mencakup nasabah kreditor dan debitor, telah dibatasi hanya menyangkut nasabah penyimpan dana dan simpanannya.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":454,"width":201,"height":175,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sebelumnya berdasarkan Undang- Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992, bahwa ruang lingkup rahasia bank meliputi dana simpa- nan nasabah (nasabah kreditor) dan juga kredit yang diterima oleh nasabah (nasabah debitor), tetapi dewasa ini berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998, ruang lingkup rahasia bank terbatas hanya terhadap identitas nasabah penyimpan di samping keadaan simpanan nasabah yang bersangkutan. Ini berarti yang dilindungi rahasia bank tidak hanya menyangkut simpanannya saja, melainkan juga meliputi identitas nasabah penyimpannya.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":631,"width":201,"height":124,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Bank syariah sebagai lembaga inter- mediasi dalam melaksanakan kegiatan usa- hanya senantiasa bertumpu pada unsur ke- percayaan masyarakat, terutama kepercaya- an nasabah penyimpan dana yang menem- patkan simpanannya dan nasabah investor yang menempatkan dana di Bank Syariah. Sebagai lembaga kepercayaan, maka Bank Syariah dan pihak terafiliasi diwajibkan untuk merahasiakan segala sesuatu yang","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":88,"width":201,"height":98,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"berhubungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya dan nasabah investor dan investasinya berada pada Bank Syariah. Dengan demikian rahasia bank diperlukan sebagai salah satu faktor untuk menjaga kepercayaan nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya serta nasabah investor dan investasinya.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":189,"width":201,"height":263,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Ketentuan rahasia bank, mula-mula diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 sebagai pengganti Undang- Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 1967, yang kemudian diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998. Namun sebelumnya, ketentuan rahasia bank ini diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Prp Tahun 1960 tentang Rahasi Bank. Bila dibandingkan terdapat rumusan pengertian rahasia bank yang berbeda antara Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 dengan Undang- Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998. Semula pengertian rahasia bank diberikan rumusan sebagaimana tersebut dalam ketentuan Pasal 1 Angka 16 Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992, yaitu: Rahasia bank adalah segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keuangan dan hal-hal lain dari nasabah bank yang menurut kelaziman dunia perbankan wajib dirahasiakan.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":454,"width":201,"height":124,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Kemudian dalam ketentuan Pasal 40 Ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 menyatakan, bahwa: Bank dilarang memberikan keterangan yang tercatat pada bank tentang keadaan keuangan dan hal-hal lain dari nasabahnya, yang wajib diraha- siakan oleh bank menurut keaziman dalam dunia perbankan, kecuali dalam hal sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 41, 42, 43 dan 44.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":581,"width":201,"height":111,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sementara itu penjelasan atas Pasal 40 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 menguraikan sebagai berikut: Kela- ziman wajib dirahasiakan oleh bank adalah seluruh data dan informasi mengenai segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan ke- uangan dan hal-hal lain dari orang atau badan yang diketahui oleh bank karena kegiatan usahanya.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":695,"width":201,"height":60,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Berdasarkan ketentuan dalam Pasal 1 angka 16 dan Pasal 40 ayat (1) Undang- Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 serta di- hubungkan dengan penjelasannya seperti dikemukakan di atas serta dihubungkan lagi","type":"Text"},{"left":86,"top":45,"width":180,"height":10,"page_number":6,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"6. Al Amwal, Vol I. No. 1 Maret 2016","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":88,"width":201,"height":85,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"dengan penjelasan Pasal 40 ayat (1) dalam kata-kata “kerahasiaan itu diperlukan untuk kepentingan bank sendiri yang memerlukan kepercayaan masyarakat yang menyimpan uangnya di bank”, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa lingkup rahasia bank itu mencakup simpanan nasabah.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":176,"width":201,"height":187,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Namun bila menyimak kata-kata berikutnya dari penjelasan atas Pasal 40 ayat (1), yaitu “masyarakat hanya akan mempercayakan uangnya kepada bank atau memanfaatkan jasa bank apabila dari bank ada jaminan bahwa pengetahuan bank tentang simpanan dan keadaan keuangan nasabah tidak akan disalahgunakan, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa lingkup rahasia bank bukan hanya menyangkut keadaan keuangan dari nasabah yang menyimpan dana pada bank saja, melainkan pula nasabah lainnya yang menggunakan atau memanfaatkan jasa perbankan selain jasa penyimpanan dana.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":366,"width":201,"height":187,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Ini berarti berdasarkan Undang- Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992, yang dilindungi oleh ketentuan kerahasiaan bank, baik nasabah debitu maupun nasabah kreditor bank serta nasabah bank lainnya yang juga menggunakan atau memanfaatkan layanan jasa bank. Demikian pula yang dirahasiakan tidak terbatas hanya menyang- kut data dan informasi mengenai segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keuangan pada bank yang bersangkutan, melainkan termasuk hal-hal lain dan orang atau badan yang diketahui oleh bank karena kegiatan usahanya, yang wajib pula untuk dirahasia- kan. 18","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":556,"width":201,"height":123,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Masyarakat merasa tidak puas atas rumusan rahasia bank sebagaimana dirumus- kan dalam Pasal 40 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992, di mana rumusan itu terlalu jauh, karena sampai mencakup kredit bank yang diberikan kepada nasabah. Masyarakat berpendapat bahwa seyogyanya lingkup rahasia bank hanya meliputi dana simpanan nasabah saja (pasiva bank) dan keterangan yang menyangkut penyimpanan-","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":705,"width":201,"height":46,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"18 Djoni S. Gozali dan Rachmadi Usman, 2008, Buku Ajar Hukum Perbankan Nasional, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin: hlm. 328-329.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":88,"width":201,"height":85,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"nya. Lingkup rahasia bank yang meliputi kredit yang diterima oleh nasabah (aktiva bank), dirasakan oleh masyarakat sebagai pemasungan hak masyarakat untuk menge- tahui kredit-kredit macet perbankan yang sangat mempengaruhi kesehatan per- bankan. 19","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":176,"width":201,"height":137,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sehubung dengan itu, rumusan dan ruang lingkup kerahasiaan bank telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998, yang dirumuskan terdapat dalam ketentuan Pasal 1 angka 28 Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998, yaitu “ Rahasia bank adalah segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya ”.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":315,"width":201,"height":99,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Demikian pula ketentuan dalam Pasal 40 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 juga mengalami perubahan dengan rumusan yang baru sebagaimana termuat dalam Pasal 40 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998, sebagai berikut: Bank wajib merahasiakan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":416,"width":201,"height":36,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"simpanannya, kecuali dalam hal sebagai- mana dimaksud dalam Pasal 41, 41A, 42, 43, 44, dan 44A.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":454,"width":201,"height":175,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Sementara itu, penjelasan atas Pasal 40 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 antara lain menyatakan, bahwa: Apabila nasabah bank adalah nasabah penyimpan yang sekaligus juga sebagai nasabah debitur, bank wajib tetap merahasiakan keterangan tentang nasabah dalam kedu- dukannya sebagai nasabah penyimpan. Keterangan mengenai nasabah selain sebagai nasabah penyimpan, bukan meru- pakan keterangan yang wajib dirahasiakan bank.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":631,"width":201,"height":36,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dari ketentuan di atas, dapat diketahui kalau ruang lingkup rahasia dibatasi atau dipersempit, yaitu:","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":669,"width":201,"height":36,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"a) Menyangkut keterangan mengenai nasa- bah penyimpan dan simpanannya. Ini berarti tidak termasuk keterangan men-","type":"List item"},{"left":340,"top":739,"width":169,"height":12,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"19 Sutan Remy Sjahdeini, op. cit., hlm. 34.","type":"List item"},{"left":161,"top":43,"width":350,"height":13,"page_number":7,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Miftah Idris , Kerahasiaan Bank: Suatu Tinjauan dalam Aturan Hukum ….7","type":"Page header"},{"left":103,"top":88,"width":181,"height":22,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"genai nasabah debitur dan pinja- mannya;","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":113,"width":201,"height":48,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"b) Pada dasarnya bank dan pihak terafiliasi berkewajiban memegang teguh keraha- siaan keterangan tersebut, kecuali hal itu tidak dilarang oleh undang-undang;","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":163,"width":201,"height":124,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"c) Situasi tertentu dalam mana informasi mengenai nasabah penyimpan peserta dengan simpanannya dibolehkan, atau dibenarkan saja dibeberkan oleh pihak yang terkena larangan jika informasi tersebut tergolong pada informasi yang dikecualikan atau informasi nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya tidak termasuk dalam kualifikasi kerahasiaan bank. 20","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":290,"width":201,"height":326,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dengan demikian Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 telah membatasi atau mem- persempit ruang lingkup rahasia bank hanya berhubungan dengan nasabah penyimpan dana (nasabah kreditor) dan simpanannya dan selebihnya yang berhubungan dengan nasabah peminjam dana (nasabah debitur) dan kredit tidak termasuk yang wajib dirahasiakan oleh bank. Sebenarnya peru- bahan ketentuan rahasia bank ini sangat dilematis di dalam praktiknya. Kalau nama- nama debitur boleh diumumkan oleh bank hanya untuk diketahui masyarakat umum, karena tindakan mengumumkan tersebut tidak dilarang oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998, hal tersebut akan dimanfaat- kan oleh kawan-kawan dagangnya untuk menjatuhkan usahanya, sehingga perusaha- an besar akan berupaya keras untuk meng- usahakan kredit dari bank-bank di luar negeri untuk menghindarkan diumumkannya nama perusahaan yang bersangkutan. Kalau hal ini sampai terjadi, akan merugikan perbankan nasional. 21","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":625,"width":201,"height":23,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pengecualian Rahasia Bank dalam Perbankan Syariah","type":"Table"},{"left":85,"top":656,"width":201,"height":35,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah secara limitatif menentukan pengecualian atas","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":713,"width":200,"height":20,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"20 Djoni S. Gozali dan Rachmadi Usman, op. cit., hlm. 330.","type":"Text"},{"left":106,"top":742,"width":137,"height":9,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"21 Adrian Sutedi, op. cit., hlm. 8.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":88,"width":201,"height":85,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"berlakunya ketentuan rahasia bank dalam kegiatan usaha pebankan syariah. Penge- cualian ketentuan rahasia bank dalam kegia- tan usaha perbankan syariah dimaksud diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 42 sampai dengan Pasal 48 Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008, yang menetapkan sebagai berikut.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":182,"width":42,"height":10,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pasal 42","type":"Section header"},{"left":312,"top":201,"width":201,"height":187,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"(1) Untuk kepentingan penyidikan pidana perpajakan, pimpinan Bank Indonesia atas permintaan Menteri Keuangan berwenang mengeluarkan perintah tertulis kepada bank agar mem- berikan keterangan dan memper- lihatkan bukti tertulis serta surat mengenai keadaan keuangan Nasa- bah Penyimpan atau Nasabah Invetor tertentu kepada pejabat pajak. (2) Perintah tertulis sebagaimana dimaksud ayat (1) harus menyebutkan mana penjabat pajak, nama nasabah wajib pajak, dan kasus yang dikehen- daki keterangannya.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":397,"width":42,"height":10,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pasal 43","type":"Section header"},{"left":312,"top":415,"width":201,"height":111,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"(1) Untuk kepentingan peradilan dalam perkara pidana, pimpinan Bank Indonesia dapat memberikan izin kepada polisi, jaksa, hakim, atau penyidik lain yang diberi wewenang berdasarkan undang-undang untuk memperoleh keterangan dari bank mengenai simpanan atau investasi tersangka atau terdakwa pada Bank.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":529,"width":201,"height":99,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"(2) Izin sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) diberikan secara tertulis atas permintaan tertulis dari kepala Kepo- lisian Negara Republik Indonesia, Jaksa Agung, Ketua Mahkamah Agung, atau pimpinan instansi yang diberi wewenang untuk melakukan penyidikan","type":"List item"},{"left":312,"top":630,"width":201,"height":73,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"(3) Permintaan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) harus menyebutkan nama dan jabatan penyidik, jaksa, atau hakim, nama tersangka atau terdakwa, alasan diperlukannya kete- rangan, dan hubungan perkara","type":"Table"},{"left":340,"top":706,"width":173,"height":23,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"pidana yang bersangkutan dengan keterangan yang diperlukan.","type":"Text"},{"left":86,"top":45,"width":180,"height":10,"page_number":8,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"8. Al Amwal, Vol I. No. 1 Maret 2016","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":88,"width":42,"height":10,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pasal 44","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":106,"width":201,"height":35,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Bank wajib memberikan keterangan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 42 dan Pasal 43.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":150,"width":42,"height":10,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pasal 45","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":169,"width":201,"height":86,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dalam perkara perdata antara bank dan nasabahnya, direksi bank yang ber- sangkutan dapat menginformasikan kepada pengadilan tentang keadaan keuangan nasabah yang bersangkutan dan memberi- kan keterangan lain yang relevan dengan perkara tersebut.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":264,"width":42,"height":10,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pasal 46","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":282,"width":201,"height":35,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"(1) Dalam rangka tukar-menukar infor- masi antarbank, direksi Bank dapat memberi tahukan keadaan keuangan","type":"List item"},{"left":113,"top":320,"width":139,"height":10,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Nasabahnya kepada bank lain.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":333,"width":201,"height":35,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"(2) Ketentuan mengenai tukar-menukar informasi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) diatur dalam Peraturan","type":"List item"},{"left":113,"top":371,"width":99,"height":10,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Bank Indonesia (PBI)","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":389,"width":42,"height":10,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pasal 47","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":408,"width":201,"height":111,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Atas permintaan, persetujuan, atau kuasa dari nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor yang dibuat secara tertulis, bank wajib memberikan keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah penyimpan dan nasabah investor pada bank yang bersangkutan kepada pihak yang ditunjuk oleh nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor tersebut.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":528,"width":42,"height":10,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Pasal 48","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":546,"width":201,"height":61,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dalam hal nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor telah meninggal dunia, ahli waris yang sah dari nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor yang bersangkutan berhak memperoleh","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":610,"width":201,"height":22,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor tersebut.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":635,"width":201,"height":111,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dari pasal-pasal tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 memberikan pengecualian dapat dibukanya informasi rahasia bank terhadap 6 (enam) hal, artinya di luar 6 (enam) hal yang dikecualikan tersebut tidak termasuk sebagai dikecualikan dari kewajiban rahasian bank dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah. Perngecualian","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":88,"width":201,"height":22,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"berlakunya atas rahasia bank dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah dimaksud meliputi:","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":113,"width":201,"height":225,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"1) Untuk kepentingan penyidikan pidana perpajakan diberikan pengecualian kepada pejabat pajak berdasarkan perintah tertulis pimpinan bank Indonesia atau permintaan menteri keuangan (Pasal 42); 2) Untuk kepentingan peradilan dalam perkara pidana diberikan pengecualian kepada polisi, jaksa, hakim atau penyidik lain yang diberi wewenang berdasarkan undang-undang yang bedasarkan izin tertulis pimpinan bank indonesia atas permintaan kepala kepolisian, jaksa agung, dan ketua mahkamah agung republik indonesia atau pimpinan instansi yang diberikan wewenang untuk melakukan penyidikan (Pasal 43);","type":"Table"},{"left":312,"top":341,"width":201,"height":73,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"3) Untuk kepentingan perkara perdata antara bank dengan nasabahnya diberikan pengecualian kepada direksi bank yang besangkutan tanpa harus memperoleh izin pimpinan bank Indonesia (Pasal 45);","type":"Table"},{"left":312,"top":416,"width":201,"height":48,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"4) Dalam rangka tukar-menukar informasi antar bank diberikan pengecualian kepada direksi bank tanpa harus memperoleh izin pimpinan bank","type":"Table"},{"left":330,"top":467,"width":70,"height":10,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Indonesia (46);","type":"Table"},{"left":312,"top":480,"width":201,"height":73,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"5) Atas persetujuan, permintaan atau kuasa dari Nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah Investor dapat diberikan pengecualian secara tertulis kepada pihak yang di tujukan oleh Nasabah Penyimpan atau Nasabah Investor (47);","type":"List item"},{"left":312,"top":556,"width":201,"height":35,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"6) Adanya ahli waris yang sah untuk memperoleh keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah (Pasal 48).","type":"Table"},{"left":312,"top":594,"width":201,"height":60,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Dengan demikian, ketentuan rahasia bank dalam perbankan syariah dalam hal tertentu dapat dibuka atau dilanggar. Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 telah memberikan pengecualian atau","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":657,"width":201,"height":35,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"disclosure rahasia bank dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah sebagaimana tertuang dalam Tabel berikut ini.","type":"Text"},{"left":162,"top":46,"width":350,"height":10,"page_number":9,"page_width":595,"page_height":841,"text":"Miftah Idris , Kerahasiaan Bank: Suatu Tinjauan dalam Aturan Hukum…. 9","type":"Page header"},{"left":177,"top":88,"width":304,"height":22,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Pengecualian-Pengecualian Terhadap Ketentuan Rahasia Bank dalam Perbankan Syariah","type":"Table"},{"left":85,"top":120,"width":424,"height":531,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"No. Kepentingan Permohonan izin Pemberi izin Dasar hukum 1. Penyidikan pidana perpajakan Menteri keuangan Pimpinan bank indonesia Pasal 42 2. Peradilan dalam perkara pidana Kapolri, Jaksa Agung, Ketua Mahkamah Agung, dan Pimpinan Instansi yang diberi wewenang untuk melakukan penyidikan Pimpinan Bank Indonesia Pasal 43 3. Perkara perdata antara Bank dengan Nasabah Bank yang bersangkutan Pengadilan Direksi Bank yang bersangkutan Pasal 45 4. Tukar-menukar informasi antar Bank Bank lain Direksi Bank yang bersangkutan Pasal 46 5. Atas permintaan, persetujuan atau kuasa dari nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor Nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor yang bersangkutan Bank yang bersangkutan Pasal 47 6. Memperoleh keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah Ahli waris yang sah Bank yang bersangkutan Pasal 48 Sumber: Diolah dari Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 Pada prinsipnya wajib memegang teguh dan menjaga kerahasiaan mengenai keadaan keuangan nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya serta nasabah investor dan investasinya, namun dalam keadaan tertentu sebagaimana disebutkan dalam ketentuan Pasal-Pasal 42, 43, 45, 46, 47 dan 48 Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008, bahwa bank syariah dimungkinkan untuk memberikan data dan informasi mengenai segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keuangan dan hal-hal lain dari nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya serta nasabah investor dengan investasinya kepada pihak tertentu atas izin Pimpinan Bank Indonesia, Direksi bank yang bersangkutan, atau bank yang bersangkutan dalam hal-hal berikut.","type":"Table"},{"left":85,"top":660,"width":201,"height":22,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Untuk Kepentingan Penyidikan Pidana Perpajakan","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":691,"width":201,"height":60,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Pengaturan pengecualian atas keraha- siaan bank untuk kepentingan penyidikan pidana perpajakan dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah dapat dijumpai dalam ketentuan Pasal 42 UUPS, yang merupakan","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":438,"width":202,"height":124,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"disclosure atas paksaan hukum ( under compulsion of law ). Ketentuan dalam Pasal 42 UUPS menetapkan, bahwa untuk kepentingan penyidikan pidana perpajakan, kerahasiaan bank dapat dikesampingkan guna mengetahui keadaan keuangan sese- orang yang kebetulan menjadi nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor tertentu pada suatu bank syariah, dengan ketentuan berikut:","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":565,"width":201,"height":48,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"a. Menteri keuangan meminta pimpinan Bank Indonesia sesuai wewenangnya mengeluarkan perintah tertulis kepada Bank Syariah yang bersangkutan.","type":"List item"},{"left":312,"top":615,"width":51,"height":10,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"b. Isinya:","type":"List item"},{"left":330,"top":628,"width":181,"height":23,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"(1) Memberikan keterangan pada peja- bat pajak;","type":"List item"},{"left":330,"top":654,"width":181,"height":22,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"(2) Memperlihatkan bukti tertulis ke- pada pejabat pajak; dan","type":"List item"},{"left":330,"top":679,"width":183,"height":48,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"(3) Surat mengenai keadaan keuangan nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor tertentu kepada pejabat pajak.","type":"List item"},{"left":312,"top":729,"width":75,"height":10,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"c. Persyaratan:","type":"List item"},{"left":330,"top":742,"width":154,"height":10,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"(1) Perintah dibuat secara tertulis;","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":44,"width":186,"height":10,"page_number":10,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"10. Al Amwal, Vol I. No. 1 Maret 2016","type":"List item"},{"left":103,"top":88,"width":183,"height":22,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"(2) Yang menyebutkan nama pejabat, nasabah wajib pajak;","type":"List item"},{"left":103,"top":113,"width":181,"height":22,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"(3) Kasus yang dikehendaki keterangan- nya.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":138,"width":201,"height":48,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Pengecualian dalam ketentuan Pasal 42 UUPS didasarkan atas kepentingan, masalah perpajakan berkaitan dengan kepen- tingan negara.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":195,"width":202,"height":10,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Untuk Kepentingan Peradilan dalam","type":"Table"},{"left":85,"top":208,"width":75,"height":10,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Perkara Pidana","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":226,"width":201,"height":263,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Pengecualian untuk kepentingan per- adilan dalam perkara pidana merupakan pengecualian atas paksaan hukum, yang diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 43 UUPS. Berdasarkan ketentuan dalam Pasal 43 UUPS, bahwa untuk kepentingan peradilan dalam perkara pidana atas permintaan tertulis dari Kepala Kepolisian, Jaksa Agung, Ketua Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia dan pimpinan Instansi yang diberi wewenang untuk melakukan penyidikan, kerahasiaan bank dapat dikecualikan. Polisi, jaksa, hakim atau penyidik lainnya dapat minta izin kepada Pimpinan Bank Indonesia untuk memperoleh keterangan dari bank mengenai simpanan atau investasi tersangka atau terdakwa yang ada pada suatu bank syariah. Izin dimaksud didapat melalui tata cara sebagaimana diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 43 ayat (2) dan ayat (3) UUPS, yaitu sebagai berikut:","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":492,"width":149,"height":10,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"a. Atas permintaan tertulis dari:","type":"List item"},{"left":103,"top":504,"width":181,"height":23,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"(1) Kepala Polri dalam tahap penye- lidikan dan penyidikan;","type":"List item"},{"left":103,"top":530,"width":181,"height":22,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"(2) Jaksa Agung dalam tahap penun- tutan;","type":"List item"},{"left":103,"top":555,"width":183,"height":35,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"(3) Ketua Mahkamah Agung dalam tahap pemeriksaan di muka sidang pengadilan;","type":"List item"},{"left":103,"top":593,"width":184,"height":10,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"(4) Pimpinan instansi yang diberi","type":"Table"},{"left":121,"top":606,"width":165,"height":60,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"wewenang untuk melakukan penyi- dikan, yaitu pimpinan departemen atau lembaga pemerintah nondepar- temen setingkat menteri dalam tahap penyelidikan dan penyidikan.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":669,"width":196,"height":10,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"b. Pemberi izin: Pimpinan Bank Indonesia","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":681,"width":51,"height":10,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"c. Isinya:","type":"List item"},{"left":103,"top":694,"width":183,"height":35,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"(1) Memperoleh keterangan dari bank mengenai simpanan tersangka atau terdakwa;","type":"List item"},{"left":330,"top":88,"width":183,"height":35,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"(2) Memperoleh keterangan dari bank mengenai investasi tersangka atau terdakwa.","type":"List item"},{"left":312,"top":125,"width":75,"height":10,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"d. Persyaratan:","type":"List item"},{"left":330,"top":138,"width":183,"height":23,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"(1) Dibuat secara tertulis (dapat bentuk izin);","type":"List item"},{"left":330,"top":163,"width":183,"height":23,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"(2) Menyebutkan nama dan jabatan penyidik, jaksa atau hakim;","type":"List item"},{"left":330,"top":189,"width":159,"height":10,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"(3) Nama tersangka atau terdakwa;","type":"List item"},{"left":330,"top":201,"width":171,"height":10,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"(4) Alasan diperlukannya keterangan;","type":"List item"},{"left":330,"top":214,"width":183,"height":35,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"(5) Hubungan perkara pidana yang bersangkutan dengan keterangan yang diperlukan.","type":"List item"},{"left":312,"top":252,"width":201,"height":149,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Berbeda dengan UUP, maka UUPS memperluas pengaturan mengenai penyidik, yang tidak hanya terbatas pada jaksa atau polisi saja, melainkan penyidik lain dari instansi yang diberi wewenang untuk mela- kukan penyidikan berdasarkan undang- undang. Artinya penyidik lain yang di luar dari penyidik jaksa dan polisi dapat pula meminta keterangan dari bank syariah mengenai simpanan atau investasi seseorang yang tersangkut peradilan dalam perkara pidana.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":404,"width":201,"height":162,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Demikian pula yang menjadi dasar disclosure kerahasiaan bank syariah sebagai- mana diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 43 UUPS didasarkan pada kepentingan umum. Prinsip kerahasiaan bank yang bertujuan untuk melindungi kepentingan individu seorang nasabah, dikorbankan demi menyeimbang- kannya dengan kepentingan masyarakat umum, yang dalam hal ini menyangkut penyelesaian perkara tindak pidana. Asas keseimbangannya mengutamakan perlin- dungan kepentingan umum di atas kepen- tingan individu. 1","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":574,"width":201,"height":36,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Untuk Kepentingan Pemeriksaan dalam Perkara Perdata antara Bank dengan Nasabahnya","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":618,"width":201,"height":61,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Pengecualian ketiga atas rahasia bank dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah berlaku adalah dalam hal kepentingan perkara perdata antara bank dan nasabah sebagaimana yang ditentukan dalam keten-","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":705,"width":201,"height":46,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"1 M Yahya Harahap, 1997, Beberapa Tinjauan tentang Permasalahan Hukum Buku Kedua, PT Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung: hlm. 224.","type":"Footnote"},{"left":155,"top":45,"width":356,"height":10,"page_number":11,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Miftah Idris , Kerahasiaan Bank: Suatu Tinjauan dalam Aturan Hukum….11","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":88,"width":201,"height":73,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"tuan Pasal 45 UUPS. Dari ketentuan dalam Pasal 45 UUPS dapat diketahui, bahwa pengecualian atas rahasia bank dalam perbankan syariah sebatas pada perkara perdata yang terjadi antara bank syariah dan nasabahnya.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":163,"width":201,"height":99,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Ketentuan dalam Pasal 45 UUPS mem-perkenankan bank syariah yang bersang-kutan menginformasikan kepada pengadilan tentang keadaan keuangan nasabah yang bersangkutan dan memberikan keterangan lain yang relevan dengan perkara yang diajukan kepada pengadilan, dengan per-syaratan:","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":265,"width":201,"height":35,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"a. Informasi dimaksudkan menyangkut perkara perdata antara pihak bank dan nasabahnya;","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":303,"width":201,"height":73,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"b. Direksi bank yang bersangkutan dapat menginformasikan kepada pengadilan tentang keadaan keuangan nasabah yang bersangkutan dan keterangan lain yang relevan dengan perkara perdata antara bank dan nasabahnya;","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":378,"width":201,"height":112,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"c. Tidak perlu meminta izin dari Pimpinan Bank Indonesia, artinya sepanjang infor- masi dimaksud diperlukan, direksi bank yang bersangkutan dapat menginfor- masikan kepada pengadilan tentang keadaan keuangan nasabah yang ber- sangkutan dan memberikan keterangan lain yang relevan dengan perkara ter- sebut.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":492,"width":201,"height":137,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Pengecualian seperti ini dijumpai pula dalam ketentuan Pasal 43 UUP, yang juga membatasi pada sengketa atau perkara perdata yang terjadi antara bank dengan nasabahnya. Pasal ini memperkenankan bank konvensional menginformasikan ke- pada pengadilan tentang keadaan keuangan nasabah yang bersangkutan dan memberikan keterangan lain yang relevan dengan perkara yang diajukan kepada pengadilan, dengan persyaratan:","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":631,"width":201,"height":38,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"a. Bila hal tersebut menyangkut perkara perdata yang terjadi antara pihak bank dengan pihak nasabahnya;","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":673,"width":201,"height":73,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"b. Direksi bank yang bersangkutan dapat menginformasikan kepada pengadilan tentang keadaan keuangan nasabah yang dalam perkara perdata dengan dan keterangan lain yang berkaitan dengan perkara dengan banknya tersebut;","type":"List item"},{"left":312,"top":87,"width":201,"height":80,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"c. Pemberian informasi ini tanpa izin dari pimpinan Bank Indonesia, artinya pihak bank dapat dengan segera menginfor- masikan keadaan keuangan nasabahnya tanpa harus menunggu izin dari pim- pinan Bank Indonesia.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":171,"width":201,"height":351,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Pendirian yang dianut Pasal 43 ini sangat sempit sebab terbatas pada perkara perdata yang terjadi antara bank dan nasabahnya. Dengan batasan demikan, bank hanya diperbolehkan memberi informasi keadaan keuangan nasabah dalam hal bank menggugat nasabah atas alasan wanprestasi. Memang logis kalau bank mesti memberi informasi agar informasi itu landasan fundamentum petendi gugat. 2 Sempitnya penerapan Pasal 43 dianggap sangat merugikan kepentingan masyarakat luas, terutama bagi kepentingan dunia bisnis. Pasal tersebut seolah-olah mengandung diskriminasi karena hanya melindungi kepentingan perusahaan perbankan saja dan tidak melindungi kepentingan perusahaan jenis lain dalam arti luas. Kalau bank yang bersengketa prinsip kerahasiaan banknya boleh dilanggar dan di luar itu tidak. Itu jelas tidak adil. Seolah-olah, undang-undang tidak peduli terhadap kesengsaraan yang dialami masyarakat luas. Padahal banyak perusahaan dengan sengaja tidak membayar kewajiban (utang) kepada mitra bisnisnya di sektor distribusi, agen, atau kontraktor walaupun perushaan-perusahaan itu aktivanya lancar ( current assets ) diberbagai bank. 3","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":531,"width":109,"height":10,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Untuk Kepentingan","type":"Table"},{"left":312,"top":531,"width":202,"height":23,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Tukar-menukar Informasi Antarbank","type":"Section header"},{"left":312,"top":563,"width":201,"height":136,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Pengecualian berikutnya atas rahasia bank dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah berlaku dalam hal kepentingan tukar-menukar informasi antarbank sebagai- mana ditentukan dalam ketentuan Pasal 46 UUPS. Dalam Pasal 46 UUPS ditetapkan, bahwa dalam rangka tukar-menukar infor- masi antarbank, direksi bank dapat mem- beritahukan keadaan keuangan nasabahnya kepada bank lain. Dengan merujuk kepeada ketentuan dalam Pasal 46 UUPS, maka","type":"Text"},{"left":333,"top":722,"width":71,"height":11,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"2 Ibid., hlm. 225.","type":"Footnote"},{"left":333,"top":740,"width":71,"height":11,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"3 Ibid., hlm. 226.","type":"Footnote"},{"left":85,"top":45,"width":186,"height":10,"page_number":12,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"12. Al Amwal, Vol I. No. 1 Maret 2016","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":88,"width":201,"height":60,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"direksi bank syariah dapat memberitahukan keadaan keuangan nasabah kepada bank syariah lainnya, yang dilakukan dalam rangka saling tukar-menukar informasi antarbank.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":151,"width":202,"height":212,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Sebelum ketentuan pengecualian atas rahasia bank dalam rangka tukar menukar informasi antarbank juga diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 44 UUP, yang menetapkan bahwa dalam rangka tukar-menukar infor- masi antarbank, direksi bank dapat mem- berikan informasi mengenai keadaan keuangan nasabah kepada bank lain. Tukar- menukar informasi antarbank dilakukan untuk memperlancar dan mengamankan kegiatan usaha bank, antar lain guna mencegah pemberian kredit rangkap serta mengetahui keadaan dan statusnya dari bank yang lain, sehingga bank dapat menilai tingkat resiko yang dihadapi sebelum melakukan transaksi dengan nasabah atau dengan bank lain.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":366,"width":201,"height":149,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Ketentuan dalam Pasal 44 UUP sangat diskriminatif, hanya sebatas antar bank saja dengan tidak memberikan peluang kepada masyarakat yang berkecimpung dalam dunia bisnis. Padahal dunia bisnis dalam arti luas sangat memerlukan informasi data keadaan keuangan yang sebenarnya dari suatu perusahaan yang hendak bermitra dengannya. Sepantasnya memang jika sbuah perusahaan atau masyarakat ingin menge- tahui dengan pesis keadaan keuangan calon mitranya. 4","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":524,"width":201,"height":35,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Adanya Permintaan, Persetujuan, atau Kuasa Tertulis dari Nasabah Penyimpan atau Nasabah Investor","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":568,"width":201,"height":149,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Pengecualian berikutnya atas rahasia bank dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah berlaku dalam hal adanya permintaan, persetujuan, atau kuasa tertulis dari nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah inves- tor sebagaimana ditentukan dalam ketentuan Pasal 47 UUPS. Dalam Pasal 47 UUPS ditetapkan, bahwa bank syariah wajib memberikan keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor pada bank yang bersangkutan kepada pihak yang ditunjuk oleh nasabah penyimpan atau","type":"Text"},{"left":106,"top":740,"width":89,"height":11,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"4 Ibid., hlm. 227-228.","type":"Footnote"},{"left":312,"top":88,"width":201,"height":136,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"nasabah investor. Keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor tersebut akan diberikan oleh bank yang bersangkutan dengan persyaratan bilamana sebelumnya: adanya permintaan, persetujuan, atau kuasa dari nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor; dan dibuat secara tertulis yang ditujukan kepada bank syariah di mana nasabah penyimpan menempatkan dana atau nasabah investor menginvestasikan dana.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":227,"width":201,"height":212,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Sebelumnya pengecualian atas rahasia bank seperti ini ditentukan pula dalam ketentuan Pasal 44A yang merupakan ketentuan baru yang ditambahkan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 . Ketentuan dalam Pasal 44A ayat (1) UUP menetapkan, bahwa bank wajib memberikan keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah penyimpan pada bank yang bersangkutan kepada pihak yang ditunjuk oleh nasabah penyimpan. Keterangan mengenai simpanan tersebut akan diberikan oleh bank yang bersangkutan dengan syarat bila sebelum- nya: ada permintaan, persetujuan, kuasa dari nasabah penyimpan dana; dan dibuat secara tertulis yang ditujukan kepada bank oleh nasabah penyimpan dana.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":442,"width":201,"height":212,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Kalau kita perhatikan, dasar penge- cualian kerahasiaan bank yang dicantumkan dalam ketentuan Pasal 44A ayat (1) UUP berkaitan dengan kepentingan nasabah penyimpan dana, bukan menyangkut kepen- tingan umum, kepentingan penyelesaian perkara, apalagi demi kepentingan bank itu sendiri. Kerahasiaan bank di sini boleh dibuka asalkan hal itu disetujui oleh nasabah penyimpan dananya atau kuasanya. Bank wajib membuka atau memberikan kete- rangan yang berkaitan dengan simpanan nasabah penyimpan dana, asalkan hal itu ada permintaan, disetujui atau dikuasakan oleh nasabah penyimpan dana kepadsa bank yang bersangkutan kepada pihak yang ditunjuk oleh nasabah penyimpan dana. 5","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":663,"width":201,"height":10,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Adanya Ahli Waris yang Sah untuk","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":676,"width":134,"height":10,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Memperoleh Keterangan","type":"Table"},{"left":465,"top":676,"width":49,"height":10,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Mengenai","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":688,"width":92,"height":10,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Simpanan Nasabah","type":"Table"},{"left":312,"top":728,"width":201,"height":23,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"5 Djoni S. Gozali dan Rachmadi Usman, op. cit., hlm. 339.","type":"Footnote"},{"left":156,"top":45,"width":356,"height":10,"page_number":13,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Miftah Idris , Kerahasiaan Bank: Suatu Tinjauan dalam Aturan Hukum….13","type":"Page header"},{"left":85,"top":88,"width":201,"height":225,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Pengecualian terakhir atas rahasia bank dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah berlaku dalam hal adanya ahli waris yang sah untuk memperoleh keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah sebagaimana ditentukan dalam ketentuan Pasal 48 UUPS. Dalam ketentuan Pasal 48 UUPS ditetapkan, bahwa ahli waris yang sah dari nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor berhak memperoleh keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor dalam hal nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor telah meninggal dunia. Kalau diperhatikan, pengecualian atas rahasia bank ini didasarkan kepada kepentingan ahli waris dalam rangka penyelesaian pembagian harta kewarisan yang pewarisnya menjadi nasabah perbankan syariah.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":315,"width":201,"height":187,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Bagi perbankan konvensional, penge- cualian atas rahasia bank seperti ini diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 44A ayat (2) UUP, yang menetapkan bahwa dalam hal nasabah penyimpan telah meninggal dunia, maka ahli waris yang sah dari nasabah penyimpan yang bersangkutan berhak memperoleh keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah penyimpan tersebut. Dengan sendirinya bank berkewajiban memberikan keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah penyimpan kepada ahli warisnya yang sah bila yang bersangkutan telah meninggal dunia dalam rangka untuk menyelesaikan pembagian harta kewarisan.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":505,"width":202,"height":99,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Bila dibandingkan dengan peraturan pengecualian atas rahasia bank dalam UUP, maka dalam UUPS tidak terdapat penga- turan pengecualian atas rahasia bank dalam kegiatan perbankan syariah berlaku dalam hal untuk kepentingan penyelesaian piutang bank yang telah diserahkan kepada Badan Urusan Piutang dan Lelang Negara","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":606,"width":201,"height":23,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"(BUPLN) atau Panitia Urusan Piutang Negara (PUPN).","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":631,"width":201,"height":124,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Pengecualian atas bank konvensional untuk kepentingan piutang yang sudah diserahkan kepada BUPLN/PUPN dimaksud telah diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 41A yang merupakan tambahan ketentuan rahasia bank melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 atas Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992. Ketentuan dalam Pasal 41A UUP menetapkan bahwa untuk penyelesaian piutang bank yang sudah diserahkan kepada","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":88,"width":201,"height":47,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"BUPLN/PUPN, Pimpinan Bank Indonesia memberikan izin kepada pejabat BUPLN/ PUPN untuk memperoleh keterangan dari bank mengenai simpanan nasabah debitur.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":138,"width":201,"height":86,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Izin untuk memperoleh keterangan dari bank mengenai simpanan nansabah debitur dimaksud dalam rangka penye- lesaian piutang yang sudah diserahkan kepada BUPLN/PUPN akan diberikan oleh Pimpinan Bank Indonesiadengan persyara- tan sebagai berikut.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":227,"width":201,"height":98,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"a. Dilakukan atas permintaan tertulisdari Kepala BUPLN/Ketua PUPN dengan menyebutkan nama dan jabatan pejabat BUPLN/PUPN yang meminta keterang- an, nama nasabah debitur yang ber- sangkutan yang diperlukan keterangan, dan alasan diperlukan keterangan dari nasabah debitur tersebut.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":328,"width":201,"height":149,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"b. Izin tersebut dengan sendirinya diberi- kan secara tertulis dengan menyebutkan nama dan jabatan pejabat BUPLN/ PUPN yang meminta keterangan, menyebutkan nama nasabah debitur yang akan dimintai keterangan berkaitan dengan piutang bank yang diserahkan kepada BUPLN/PUPN, serta mencan- tumkan keperluan keterangan tersebut dikaitkan dengan urusan penyelesaian piutang bank dengan nasabah debitur yang bersangkutan.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":480,"width":202,"height":86,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Kalau diteliti pengecualian atas rahasia untuk kepentingan piutang yang sudah diserahkan kepada BUPLN/PUPN tersebut, berkaitan dengan kepentingan bank itu sendiri ( in the interest of the bank ) untuk menjamin kelangsungannya dalam ber- usaha. 6","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":574,"width":48,"height":10,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Simpulan","type":"Section header"},{"left":348,"top":593,"width":165,"height":10,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Cakupan rahasia bank dalam","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":606,"width":201,"height":22,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah dibatasi, di antaranya:","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":631,"width":201,"height":48,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"a. Menyangkut segala sesuatu yang ber- hubungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya serta nasabah investor dan investasinya;","type":"List item"},{"left":312,"top":681,"width":201,"height":36,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"b. Pada dasarnya bank dan pihak terafiliasi berkewajiban memegang teguh kera- hasiaan keterangan mengenai nasabah","type":"List item"},{"left":333,"top":740,"width":71,"height":11,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"6 Ibid., hlm. 336.","type":"Footnote"},{"left":86,"top":46,"width":185,"height":10,"page_number":14,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"14. Al Amwal, Vol I. No. 1 Maret 2016","type":"Page header"},{"left":103,"top":88,"width":183,"height":47,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"penyimpan dan simpanannya dan nasa- bah investor dan investasinya, kecuali hal itu tidak dilarang oleh undang- undang;","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":138,"width":202,"height":86,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"c. Karena kepentingan tertentu, informasi mengenai segala sesuatu yang ber- hubungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan beserta dengan simpanannya dan nasabah investor beserta dengan investasinya dapat dibuka.","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":227,"width":201,"height":22,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Pengecualian Rahasia Bank dalam Perbankan Syariah untuk kepentingan:","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":252,"width":201,"height":23,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"a. Untuk kepentingan penyidikan pidana perpajakan","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":277,"width":199,"height":23,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"b. Untuk kepentingan peradilan dalam per- kara pidana;","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":303,"width":201,"height":22,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"c. Untuk kepentingan pemeriksaan dalam perkara perdata;","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":328,"width":199,"height":23,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"d. Untuk kepentingan tukar-menukar infor- masi antarbank;","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":353,"width":201,"height":35,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"e. Adanya permintaan atau persetujuan atau kuasa tertulis dari nasabah atau nasabah investor; dan","type":"List item"},{"left":85,"top":391,"width":201,"height":10,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"f. Adanya Ahli Waris yang Sah untuk","type":"List item"},{"left":103,"top":404,"width":183,"height":22,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Memperoleh Keterangan Mengenai Simpanan Nasabah.","type":"Table"},{"left":85,"top":443,"width":50,"height":10,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Reference","type":"Section header"},{"left":85,"top":462,"width":202,"height":35,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Supraptomo, Heru, 2005, Terobosan Hukum dalam Rahasia Bank, artikel dalam Jurnal Hukum Bisnis Volume...,","type":"Text"},{"left":106,"top":500,"width":180,"height":22,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Yayasan Pengembangan Hukum Bisnis, Jakarta.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":531,"width":202,"height":35,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Djumhana, Muhammad , 1996, Rahasia Bank (Ketentuan dan Penerapannya) di Indonesia , PT Citra Aditya Bakti,","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":569,"width":202,"height":41,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Bandung. Sutedi, Andrian, 2007, Hukum Perbankan: Suatu Tinjauan Pencucian Uang,","type":"Table"},{"left":106,"top":613,"width":180,"height":23,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Merger, Likuidasi, dan Kepailitan, Sinar Grafika, Jakarta.","type":"Text"},{"left":85,"top":644,"width":202,"height":10,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Hermansyah, 2005, Hukum Perbankan","type":"Table"},{"left":106,"top":657,"width":172,"height":10,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Nasional Indonesia, Kencana, Jakarta.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":88,"width":201,"height":22,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Soekanto, Soejono, 2006, Pengenalan Penelitian Hukum , Grafindo, Jakarta.","type":"Table"},{"left":312,"top":119,"width":202,"height":79,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Sjahdeini, Sutan Remy, 2006, Rahasia Bank: Berbagai Masalah di Sekitarnya, dalam Hukum Perbankan, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta. Djumhana, Muhammad , 1996, Rahasia","type":"Table"},{"left":333,"top":201,"width":180,"height":22,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Bank (Ketentuan dan Penerapannya) di Indonesia , PT Citra Aditya Bakti,","type":"Text"},{"left":333,"top":226,"width":45,"height":10,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Bandung.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":245,"width":201,"height":35,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Fuady,Munir, 1999, Hukum Perbankan Modern Buku Kesatu , PT Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung.","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":289,"width":202,"height":110,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang- Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah. Muhamad Djumhana, 2012, Hukum Perbankan di Indonesia , Citra Aditya","type":"Table"},{"left":333,"top":402,"width":98,"height":10,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Bakti, Cetakan ke VI.","type":"List item"},{"left":312,"top":420,"width":201,"height":10,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Hermansyah, Hukum Perbankan Nasional","type":"Text"},{"left":312,"top":433,"width":202,"height":67,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Indonesia , Kencana Prenada Media Group, Jakarta. Rachmadi Usman, 2003, Aspek-Aspek Hukum Perbankan di Indonesia , PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.","type":"Table"},{"left":312,"top":508,"width":202,"height":48,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Djoni S. Gozali dan Rachmadi Usman, 2008, Buku Ajar Hukum Perbankan Nasional , Fakultas Hukum Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin.","type":"List item"},{"left":312,"top":565,"width":201,"height":23,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"M Yahya Harahap, 1997, Beberapa Tinjauan tentang Permasalahan Hukum","type":"Table"},{"left":333,"top":590,"width":180,"height":23,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Buku Kedua, PT Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung","type":"Text"},{"left":156,"top":46,"width":355,"height":10,"page_number":15,"page_width":595,"page_height":842,"text":"Miftah Idris , Kerahasiaan Bank: Suatu Tinjauan dalam Aturan Hukum… .15","type":"Page header"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"left\": 101,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 396,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"KERAHASIAAN BANK: SUATU TINJAUAN DALAM ATURAN HUKUM PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDOESIA\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 265,\n \"top\": 121,\n \"width\": 69,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Miftah Idris .*\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 148,\n \"width\": 428,\n \"height\": 111,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Abstract : Islamic Banking is part of the financial and payment system of a country and its existence depends absolutely on the confidence of the customers who entrust their deposits in the Islamic Banking, so the bank secrecy is necessary to maintain it. Bank secrecy as defined under the Act is everything related to the financial and other matters of bank customers in the ordinary course of banking world shall be kept confidential in this case Islamic banking. In this paper there would discuss how was the actual secrecy Islamic bank in Indonesia in accordance with the applicable law and how it was applied in the field. This was written to determine the scope of bank secrecy in Islamic banking and exceptions set out in secrecy banks in Islamic banking in Indonesia .\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 268,\n \"width\": 350,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Keyword : Bank Secrecy, the Rule of Law, and the Indonesian Islamic Banking .\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 295,\n \"width\": 65,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pendahuluan\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 313,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 200,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Menurut sejarah, penerapan keraha- siaan bank sama tuanya dengan perkem- bangan perbankan sendiri. Bahkan sudah ada sejak 4000 tahun yang lalu di Babylonia sebagaimana tercantum dalam Code of Hamourabi . Aturan kerahasiaan bank yang dalam perkembangannya juga diakui sebagai bagian dari hak asasi manusia yang ber- fungsi untuk melindungi rahasia pribadi orang tersebut ( right of privacy ) serta keuangannya ( financial privacy ). Bahkan mengenai rahasia bank ini di berbagai negara telah masuk dalam konstitusi atau undang-undang yang tujuannya adalah untuk menciptakan kepercayaan masyarakat yang menyimpan uangnya di bank. 1\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 515,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 99,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pada zaman abad pertengahan keten- tuan semacam kerahasiaan bank itu telah diatur pada peraturan perundangan, bahkan di kerajaan Jerman pada saat itu telah diatur dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Per- data. Dengan berkembanganya perdagangan dan ambruknya feodalisme dalam perta- rungan yang semakin sengit untuk mem-\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 632,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 67,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"* Dosen Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Luwuk Banggai dan Kandidat Doktor pada Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, E-mail: miftahidris@ rocket mail.com dan miftah.idris@mail. ugm. ac.id, Phone: 081392921986\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 705,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 46,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1 Heru Supraptomo, 2005, Terobosan Hukum dalam Rahasia Bank, artikel dalam Jurnal Hukum Bisnis, Yayasan Pengembangan Hukum Bisnis, Jakarta: hlm. 26.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 294,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 99,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"perjuangkan hak-hak individu, kepercayaan kepada kebijaksanaan lembaga perbankan untuk merahasiakan keterangan-keterangan mengenai soal-soal keuangan, dan pribadi nasabah-nasabahnya menjadi suatu kebu- tuhan yang tidak bisa ditawar-tawar lagi bagi perlindungan hak milik pribadi dan bagi kalangan praktik perdagangan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 395,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 86,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Menjelang pertengahan abad ke-19, boleh dikatakan semua pemerintah di Eropa Barat telah mensahkan asas kerahasiaan bank, dan semenjak itu undang-undang serupa telah diberlakukan di setiap negara yang menghendaki sistem perbankan yang tertib. 2\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 484,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 200,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tidak jauh berbeda dengan yang ada di negara-negara lain, di Indonesia, tugas bank dalam mencapai tujuan pembangunan nasional yaitu mewujudkan masyarakat yang adil dan makmur berdasarkan Pancasila dan Undang–Undang Dasar 1945. Selain itu, bank mempunyai peran yang sangat penting yang perannya diatur dalam aturan hukum perbankan yang ada di Indonesia. Sebab, sebagai salah satu motor penggerak pem- bangunan bangsa, lembaga perbankan mem- punyai peran yang sangat strategis karena bank mempunyai fungsi intermediasi untuk menghimpun dana dari masyarakat sebagai nasabah dalam bentuk simpanan dan menya- lurkan kembali dana tersebut dalam bentuk\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 705,\n \"width\": 200,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2 Muhammad Djumhana, 1996, Rahasia Bank (Ketentuan dan Penerapannya) di\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 730,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Indonesia, PT Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung: hlm. 112.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 161,\n \"top\": 45,\n \"width\": 351,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Miftah Idris , Kerahasiaan Bank: Suatu Tinjauan dalam Aturan Hukum…. 1\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 263,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"pinjaman kepada masyarakat yang mem- butuhkannya. Bank diharap dapat menye- rasikan, menyelaraskan menyeimbangkan unsur pemerataan pembangunan dan hasil- hasilnya, pertumbuhan ekonomi dan stabi- litas nasional yang pada akhirnya mengarah kepada peningkatan taraf hidup masyarakat banyak. Bank di Indonesia merupakan bagian dari sistem keuangan dan sistem pembayaran suatu negara. Pada era globali- sasi, bank juga telah menjadi bagian dari sistem keuangan dan sistem pembayaran dunia. Mengingat hal yang demikian itu, maka begitu suatu bank telah memperoleh ijin berdiri dan beroperasi dari otoritas moneter dari negara yang bersangkutan, bank tersebut menjadi milik masyarakat. Oleh karena itu eksistensinya bukan saja hanya harus dijaga oleh para pemilik bank itu sendiri dan pengurusnya, tetapi juga oleh masyarakat nasional dan global.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 353,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 225,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Bank merupakan lembaga keuangan yang eksistensinya tergantung mutlak pada kepercayaan dari para nasabahnya yang mempercayakan dana simpanan mereka pada bank. Oleh karena itu bank sangat berkepentingan agar tingkat kepercayaan masyarakat, yang telah maupun yang akan menyimpan dananya, terpelihara dengan baik dalam tingkat yang tinggi. Mengingat bank adalah bagian dari sistem keuangan dan sistem pembayaran, yang masyarakat luas berkepentingan atas kesehatan dari sistem-sistem tersebut, sedangkan keper- cayaan masyarakat kepada bank merupakan unsur paling pokok dari eksistensi suatu bank, maka terpeliharanya kepercayaan masyarakat kepada perbankan adalah juga kepentingan masyarakat banyak. 3\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 581,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 98,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Meskipun demikian, untuk membukti- kan eksistensi suatu bank juga dapat dilihat dengan mencari bagaimana kerahasiaan bank tersebut, namun pada umumnya sistem kerahasiaan bank yang ada di Indonesia hampir semuanya sama persis dalam pene- rapannya baik itu perbankan konvensional dan perbankan syariah. Bagaimana tidak,\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 705,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 46,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3 Andrian Sutedi, 2007, Hukum Perbankan: Suatu Tinjauan Pencucian Uang, Merger, Likuidasi, dan Kepailitan, Sinar Grafika, Jakarta: hlm. 1.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 414,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"kerahasiaan setiap bank-bank tersebut adalah suatu keharusan yang ada dalam aturan setiap bank. Dengan adanya ketentuan kerahasiaan bank ini menimbul- kan kesan bagi masyarakat, bahwa bank bisa jadi sengaja merahasiakan sumber keuangan nasabahnya yang tidak sehat dari sorotan masyarakat yang ingin mencari tahu. Sehingga selama ini timbul kesan bahwa dalam sistem perbankan itu sendiri timbul kesan bahwa bank bersembunyi di balik kerahasiaan bank untuk melindungi kepen- tingan nasabahnya yang belum tentu benar. Persepsi yang berbeda dari masyarakat akan perbankan syariah justru berbeda dengan konvensional, bagaimana tidak, sebab nilai yang dibawa oleh perbankan syariah adalah nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam Islam yang jauh dari nilai kemudharatan secara prinsipnya. Sehingga masyarakat Indonesia yang dominan Islam kebanyakan berang- gapan bahwa dengan sumber keuangan yang sehat dari nasabah tersebut sebaiknya disimpan di bank yang memiliki sistem kerahasiaan bank yang sehat juga. Terlepas dari keyakinan tersebut, jika bank benar- benar melindungi kepentingan nasabahnya yang jujur dan bersih, maka hal itu merupakan suatu keharusan dan kepatutan. Sebab, ketentuan kerahasiaan bank meru- pakan suatu hal yang sangat penting bagi nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya mau- pun kepentingan bagi bank itu sendiri. 4\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 505,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 187,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Meskipun demikian, Ketentuan kera- hasiaan bank yang ada di Indonesia diatur di dalam Undang-Undang Perbankan, selanjut- nya disebut UUP. Dengan adanya undang- undang tersebut, bertujuan untuk meng- hindari terjadinya penyalahgunaan keuangan nasabah, maka dibuatlah aturan khusus yang melarang bank untuk memberikan informasi tercatat kepada siapapun berkaitan dengan keadaan keuangan nasabah, simpanan dan penyimpanannya sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan sebagaimana diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 kecuali dalam hal-hal tertentu yang\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 717,\n \"width\": 200,\n \"height\": 34,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"4 Hermansyah, 2005, Hukum Perbankan Nasional Indonesia, Kencana, Jakarta: hlm. 109- 110.\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 45,\n \"width\": 181,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2. Al Amwal, Vol I. No. 1 Maret 2016\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 85,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"disebutkan secara tegas di dalam undang- undang tersebut. Terkait dalam aturan ter- sebut, pelanggaran terhadap ketentuan kera- hasiaan bank juga merupakan suatu tindak pidana dan pihak-pihak yang tidak meme- gang teguh ketentuan kerahasiaan bank tersebut dapat dikenakan sanksi pidana.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 176,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 225,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Bagi perbankan syariah, ketentuan rahasia bank diatur secara khusus dalam ketentuan Pasal 41 sampai dengan Pasal 49 Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah. Namun, pada Pasal 42 sampai Pasal 48 Undang-Undang Perbankan Syariah, selanjutnya disebut UUPS, mengatur mengenai pengecualian atas berlakunya ketentuan kerahasiaan bank yang tidak jauh berbeda dengan apa yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Perbankan. Sebab pada dasarnya pengaturan ketentuan kerahasiaan bank dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan tidak jauh berbeda dengan peng- aturan ketentuan rahasia bank dalam kegi- atan usaha perbankan konvensional sebagai- mana yang tertuang dalam Undang-Undang Perbankan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 410,\n \"width\": 151,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kerahasiaan Bank di Indonesia\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 426,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 253,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Menurut Sutan Remy Sjahdeini, 5 Bank adalah suatu lembaga keuangan yang eksistensinya tergantung mutlak pada keper- cayaan dari para nasabah yang mem- percayakan dan dan jasa-jasa lain yang dilakukan mereka melalui bank pada khususnya dan dari masyarakat luas pada umumnya. Oleh karena itu, bank sangat berkepentingan agar kadar kepercayaan masyarakat, yang telah maupun yang akan menyimpan dananya, maupun yang telah atau akan menggunakan jasa-jasa bank lainnya, terpelihara dengan baik dalam tingkat yang tinggi. Mengingat bank adalah bagian dari sistem keuangan dan sistem pembayaran, yang masyarakat luas ber- kepentingan atas kesehatan dari sistem- sistem tersebut, sedangkan kepercayaan masyarakat kepada bank merupakan unsur paling pokok dari eksistensi suatu bank,\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 705,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"5 Sutan Remy Sjahdeini, 2006, Rahasia Bank: Berbagai Masalah di Sekitarnya , dalam\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 730,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 21,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Hukum Perbankan, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta: hlm. 26-27\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 199,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"maka terpeliharanya kepercayaan masya- rakat kepada perbankan adalah juga kepen- tingan masyarakat banyak.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 125,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 162,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sedangkan dalam istilah Muhammad Djumhana bahwa rahasia bank adalah segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keuangan dan hal-hal lain dari nasabah bank yang menurut kelaziman dunia perbankan tidak boleh secara terbuka diungkapkan kepada pihak masyarakat. Dalam hubungan ini yang menurut kelaziman wajib dirahasiakan oleh bank, adalah seluruh data dan informasi mengenai segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keuangan, dan hal-hal lain dari orang, dan badan yang diketahui oleh bank karena kegiatan usahanya. 6\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 290,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 174,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Selain itu, Menurut Munir Fuady me- miliki interpretasi yang berbeda mengenai rahasia bank, menurutnya bahwa rahasia bank adalah hubungan antara bank dengan nasabah ternyata tidaklah seperti hubungan kontraktual biasa. Akan tetapi dalam hu- bungan tersebut terdapat pula kewajiban bagi bank untuk tidak membuka rahasia nasabahnya kepada pihak lain manapun kecuali jika ditentukan lain oleh perundang- undangan yang berlaku. Hal ini dinamakan rahasia bank. Dengan demikian, istilah rahasia bank mengacu pada rahasia dalam hubungan antara bank dengan nasabahnya. 7\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 467,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 86,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dalam UUP sendiri, kerahasiaan bank diartikan bahwa segala sesuatu yang ber- hubungan dengan keterangan nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya. 8 Sedangkan dalam UUPS kerahasiaan bank diartikan bahwa segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 612,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"6 Muhammad Djumhana, 1996, Rahasia Bank (Ketentuan dan Penerapannya) di Indonesia, PT Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung: hlm.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 649,\n \"width\": 8,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 664,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"7 Munir Fuady, 1999, Hukum Perbankan Modern Buku Kesatu, PT Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung: hlm. 80\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 705,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 46,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"8 Pasal 1 Angka (28) Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 156,\n \"top\": -93,\n \"width\": 356,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Miftah Idris, Kerahasiaan Bank: Suatu Tinjauan dalam Aturan Hukum….3\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 162,\n \"top\": 45,\n \"width\": 350,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Miftah Idris , Kerahasiaan Bank: Suatu Tinjauan dalam Aturan Hukum…. 3\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"penyimpan dan simpanannya serta nasabah dan investor dan investasinya. 9\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 113,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 86,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pada dasarnya terdapat perbedaan dari pengertian rahasia bank dari peraturan- peraturan perundang-undangan mulai dari Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 1967 hingga Undang-undang yang masih berlaku sekarang. Dibawah ini kutipan beberapa pengertian rahasia bank tersebut, yaitu: 10\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 201,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1) Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 14\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 214,\n \"width\": 183,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tahun 1967 tentang Pokok-pokok Per- bankan, sebagaimana dalam Pasal 36 menyatakan bahwa:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 105,\n \"top\": 250,\n \"width\": 182,\n \"height\": 75,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"“ Yang dimaksudkan dengan rahasia bank adalah segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keuangan dan lain-lain dari nasabah menurut kelaziman dunia perbankan perlu dirahasiakan .”\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 328,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2) Selanjut menurut Pasal 1 Angka 16\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 341,\n \"width\": 183,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan, menyatakan bahwa:\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 364,\n \"width\": 202,\n \"height\": 240,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"“ Rahasia bank adalah segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keuangan dan lain-lain dari nasabah bank yang menurut kelaziman dunia perbankan wajib dirahasiakan. ” Dari pengertian di atas, Muhamad Djumhana 11 menafsirkan bahwa ternyata juga masih dirasakan sangat luas karena ada kalimat “ hal-hal lain dari nasabah bank yang menurut kelaziman dunia perbankan wajib dirahasiakan ”. Selanjutnya bahwa dalam penjelasannya disebutkan yang dimaksud dengan menurut kelaziman hal-hal lain yang wajib dirahasiakan oleh bank, yaitu seluruh data dan informasi mengenai segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keuangan, dan hal-hal lain dari orang, dan badan yang diketahui oleh bank karena kegiatan usahanya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 606,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3) Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 10\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 619,\n \"width\": 183,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Tahun 1998 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 658,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"9 Pasal 1 Angka (14) Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 699,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 34,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"10 Muhamad Djumhana, 2012, Hukum Perbankan di Indonesia, Citra Aditya Bakti, Cetakan ke VI, hlm.158.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 106,\n \"top\": 739,\n \"width\": 69,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"11 Ibid, hlm. 159\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 330,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 183,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"tentang Perbankan, Pasal 1 Angka 28 menyatakan bahwa:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 331,\n \"top\": 111,\n \"width\": 182,\n \"height\": 50,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"“ Rahasia bank adalah segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya .”\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 163,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 36,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"4) Pasal 1 Angka 14 Undang-undang No 21 tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah, menyatakan bahwa :\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 331,\n \"top\": 199,\n \"width\": 182,\n \"height\": 63,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"“ Rahasia bank adalah segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya serta nasabah investor dan investasinya. ”\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 271,\n \"width\": 123,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Teori-Teori Rahasia Bank\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 289,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 111,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berbicara mengenai teori-teori rahasia bank, maka ada ketentuan megenai rahasia bank itu sehingga kemudian menimbulkan kesan bagi masyarakat (nasabah) bahwa bisa juga bahwa bank sendiri sengaja untuk menyembunyikan keadaan keuangan yang tidak sehat dari nasabah debitur, baik orang perorangan, atau perusahaan yang sedang menjadi sorotan masyarakat. 12\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 403,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 111,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sehingga dengan demikian terkadang kepercayaan kepada bank sangat diragukan. Akan tetapi terdapat juga ketentuan bahwa karena rahasia bank yang merupakan suatu hal yang sangat penting bagi nasabah penyimpan maupun simpanannya serta juga bagi kepentingan bank itu sendiri. Sehingga dengan demikian maka rahasia bank juga diperlukan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 517,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Teori-teori rahasia bank dapat diarti- kan bahwa suatu bank wajib merahasiakan berbagai informasi nasabahnya itu dengan ketentuan yang bersifat mutlak. Selanjutnya dikemukakan dua teori tentang rahasia bank, antara lain: 13\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 593,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 86,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1) Teori rahasia bank yang bersifat mutlak ( Absolutely Theory ). Maksud dari teori ini bahwa bank mempunyai kewajiban untuk menyimpan rahasia atau kete- rangan-keterangan mengenai nasabah- nya yang diketahui bank karena kegiatan usahanya dalam keadaan apapun juga,\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 333,\n \"top\": 699,\n \"width\": 180,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"12 Hermansyah, Hukum Perbankan\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 713,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 20,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Nasional Indonesia, Kencana Prenada Media Group, Jakarta: hlm. 131-132\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 333,\n \"top\": 739,\n \"width\": 84,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"13 Ibid, hlm.132-133\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 44,\n \"width\": 180,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"4. Al Amwal, Vol I. No. 1 Maret 2016\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 184,\n \"height\": 47,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"dalam keadaan biasa atau dalam keadaan luar biasa. Teori ini menon- jolkan kepentingan individu dan masyarakat yang sering terabaikan.\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 138,\n \"width\": 202,\n \"height\": 99,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"2) Teori rahasia bank yang bersifat relatif ( Relative Theory ). Menurut teori ini, bank diperbolehkan untuk membuka rahasia atau memberikan keterangan nasabah mengenai nasabahnya, jika untuk kepentingan yang mendesak, misalnya untuk kepentingan negara atau kepentingan hukum.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 239,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 99,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Artinya bahwa adanya pengecualian dari rahasia nasabah itu untuk memung- kinkan bank membuka informasi itu yang berkaitan dengan suatu badan atau instansi diperbolehkan untuk meminta informasi atau keterangan data tentang keuangan nasabah yang bersangkutan sesuai dengan ketentuan peerundang-undangan yang berlaku.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 341,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 263,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berbeda dengan hal tersebut, dalam ketentuan rahasia bank menurut hukum Inggris merupakan kewajiban perdata atau kewajiban kontraktual, maka pengungkapan- nya yang dilakukan oleh bank berdasarkan persetujuan nasabah sebagai pihak dalam perjanjian bukanlah tindakan ingkar janji ( default ). Namun, dalam hal kewajiban rahasia bank itu bukan merupakan kewa- jiban perdata, tetapi kewajiban pidana, maka terdapat unsur delik, yakni unsur tindak pidana rahasia bank. 14 Dengan tanpa permintaan tertulis atau persetujuan tertulis dari nasabah sebagai pihak dari transaksi keuangan bank merupakan unsur dari tindak pidana yang bersangkutan. Dengan kata lain, apabila memang ada permintaan atau per- setujuan tertulis dari nasabah agar bank mengungkapkan keadaan keuangannya, maka tidak dapat dianggap telah terjadi tindak pidana pengungkapan rahasia bank. 15\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 606,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 99,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Hal yang masih rancu adalah apakah kepentingan umum dapat dikecualikan dari ketentuan rahasia bank. Pengaturan masalah ini juga belum tercakup dalam Undang- Undang Perbankan. Para pakar mengata- kan, bahwa ada atau tidaknya kepentingan umum tidak dapat ditentukan sendiri oleh bank, tetapi harus ditentukan oleh penga-\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 106,\n \"top\": 722,\n \"width\": 136,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"14 Adrian Sutedi, op. cit., hlm. 14\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 106,\n \"top\": 739,\n \"width\": 82,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"15 Ibid., hlm. 14-15.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 149,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"dilan secara kasuistis. Masalahnya, bagai- mana caranya mendapatkan pendapat penga- dilan, dan sampai sejauh mana pendapat pengadilan (fatwa) mempunyai kekuatan hukum untuk dipatuhi oleh para hakim lain. Untuk menghindari perbedaan pandangan ini, tidak ada jalan lain kecuali harus diatur dengan undang-undang dengan memuat rincian secara detail jenis-jenis, kriteria kepentingan umum dan hal-hal lainnya yang merupakan bagian yang termasuk dalam kepentingan umum. 16\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 246,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Cakupan Rahasia Bank dalam Kegiatan Usaha Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 277,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 199,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sebagai suatu badan usaha yang dipercayai oleh banyak masyarakat untuk menghimpun dan menyalurkan dananya, sudah sewajarnya bank memberikan jaminan perlindungan kepada nasabahnya berkenan dengan keadaan keuangan nasabah, yang lazimnya dinamakan dengan kerahasiaan bank. 17 Cakupan rahasia dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah diatur dalam ketentuan dalam Pasal 41 Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah yang menentukan sebagai berikut: Bank dan pihak terafiliasi wajib merahasia- kan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyim- pan dan simpanannya serta nasabah inves- tor dan investasinya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 479,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 111,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sejalan dengan ketentuan dalam Pasal 41 UUPS, sebelumnya ketentuan dalam Pasal 1 (14) UUPS merumuskan pengertian rahasia bank dalam kegiatan usaha per- bankan syariah, yaitu: Rahasia bank adalah segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya serta nasabah dan investor dan investasinya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 593,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dengan demikian, berdasarkan pe- ngertian rahasia bank sebagaimana ter- cantum dalam ketentuan Pasal 1 Angka 14 UUPS, kemudian dihubungkan dengan ketentuan dalam Pasal 41 UUPS, maka jelas bahwa pengertian dan cakupan rahasia bank\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 333,\n \"top\": 699,\n \"width\": 66,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"16 Ibid., hlm. 15.\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 717,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 34,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"17 Rachmadi Usman, 2003, Aspek-Aspek Hukum Perbankan di Indonesia, PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta: hlm. 153.\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 161,\n \"top\": 46,\n \"width\": 351,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Miftah Idris, Kerahasiaan Bank: Suatu Tinjauan dalam Aturan Hukum…. 5\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah dibatasi, di antaranya:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 113,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"a) Menyangkut segala sesuatu yang ber- hubungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya serta nasabah investor dan investasinya;\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 163,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 86,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"b) Pada dasarnya bank dan pihak terafiliasi berkewajiban memegang teguh keraha- siaan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya dan nasa- bah investor dan investasinya, kecuali hal itu tidak dilarang oleh undang- undang;\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 252,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"c) Karena kepentingan tertentu, informasi mengenai segala sesuatu yang berhu- bungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan beserta dengan simpanannya dan nasabah investor be- serta dengan investasinya dapat dibuka.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 328,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 124,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pengertian dan cakupan rahasia bank dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah sebagaimana dikemukakan di atas sejalan dengan pengertian dan cakupan rahasia dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan konven- sional sebagaimana diatur dalam UUP, bahwa ketentuan rahasia bank yang semula mencakup nasabah kreditor dan debitor, telah dibatasi hanya menyangkut nasabah penyimpan dana dan simpanannya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 454,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 175,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sebelumnya berdasarkan Undang- Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992, bahwa ruang lingkup rahasia bank meliputi dana simpa- nan nasabah (nasabah kreditor) dan juga kredit yang diterima oleh nasabah (nasabah debitor), tetapi dewasa ini berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998, ruang lingkup rahasia bank terbatas hanya terhadap identitas nasabah penyimpan di samping keadaan simpanan nasabah yang bersangkutan. Ini berarti yang dilindungi rahasia bank tidak hanya menyangkut simpanannya saja, melainkan juga meliputi identitas nasabah penyimpannya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 631,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 124,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Bank syariah sebagai lembaga inter- mediasi dalam melaksanakan kegiatan usa- hanya senantiasa bertumpu pada unsur ke- percayaan masyarakat, terutama kepercaya- an nasabah penyimpan dana yang menem- patkan simpanannya dan nasabah investor yang menempatkan dana di Bank Syariah. Sebagai lembaga kepercayaan, maka Bank Syariah dan pihak terafiliasi diwajibkan untuk merahasiakan segala sesuatu yang\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 98,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"berhubungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya dan nasabah investor dan investasinya berada pada Bank Syariah. Dengan demikian rahasia bank diperlukan sebagai salah satu faktor untuk menjaga kepercayaan nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya serta nasabah investor dan investasinya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 189,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 263,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Ketentuan rahasia bank, mula-mula diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 sebagai pengganti Undang- Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 1967, yang kemudian diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998. Namun sebelumnya, ketentuan rahasia bank ini diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Prp Tahun 1960 tentang Rahasi Bank. Bila dibandingkan terdapat rumusan pengertian rahasia bank yang berbeda antara Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 dengan Undang- Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998. Semula pengertian rahasia bank diberikan rumusan sebagaimana tersebut dalam ketentuan Pasal 1 Angka 16 Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992, yaitu: Rahasia bank adalah segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keuangan dan hal-hal lain dari nasabah bank yang menurut kelaziman dunia perbankan wajib dirahasiakan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 454,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 124,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Kemudian dalam ketentuan Pasal 40 Ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 menyatakan, bahwa: Bank dilarang memberikan keterangan yang tercatat pada bank tentang keadaan keuangan dan hal-hal lain dari nasabahnya, yang wajib diraha- siakan oleh bank menurut keaziman dalam dunia perbankan, kecuali dalam hal sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 41, 42, 43 dan 44.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 581,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 111,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sementara itu penjelasan atas Pasal 40 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 menguraikan sebagai berikut: Kela- ziman wajib dirahasiakan oleh bank adalah seluruh data dan informasi mengenai segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan ke- uangan dan hal-hal lain dari orang atau badan yang diketahui oleh bank karena kegiatan usahanya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 695,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 60,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan ketentuan dalam Pasal 1 angka 16 dan Pasal 40 ayat (1) Undang- Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 serta di- hubungkan dengan penjelasannya seperti dikemukakan di atas serta dihubungkan lagi\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 45,\n \"width\": 180,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 6,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"6. Al Amwal, Vol I. No. 1 Maret 2016\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 85,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"dengan penjelasan Pasal 40 ayat (1) dalam kata-kata “kerahasiaan itu diperlukan untuk kepentingan bank sendiri yang memerlukan kepercayaan masyarakat yang menyimpan uangnya di bank”, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa lingkup rahasia bank itu mencakup simpanan nasabah.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 176,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 187,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Namun bila menyimak kata-kata berikutnya dari penjelasan atas Pasal 40 ayat (1), yaitu “masyarakat hanya akan mempercayakan uangnya kepada bank atau memanfaatkan jasa bank apabila dari bank ada jaminan bahwa pengetahuan bank tentang simpanan dan keadaan keuangan nasabah tidak akan disalahgunakan, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa lingkup rahasia bank bukan hanya menyangkut keadaan keuangan dari nasabah yang menyimpan dana pada bank saja, melainkan pula nasabah lainnya yang menggunakan atau memanfaatkan jasa perbankan selain jasa penyimpanan dana.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 366,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 187,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Ini berarti berdasarkan Undang- Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992, yang dilindungi oleh ketentuan kerahasiaan bank, baik nasabah debitu maupun nasabah kreditor bank serta nasabah bank lainnya yang juga menggunakan atau memanfaatkan layanan jasa bank. Demikian pula yang dirahasiakan tidak terbatas hanya menyang- kut data dan informasi mengenai segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keuangan pada bank yang bersangkutan, melainkan termasuk hal-hal lain dan orang atau badan yang diketahui oleh bank karena kegiatan usahanya, yang wajib pula untuk dirahasia- kan. 18\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 556,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 123,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Masyarakat merasa tidak puas atas rumusan rahasia bank sebagaimana dirumus- kan dalam Pasal 40 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992, di mana rumusan itu terlalu jauh, karena sampai mencakup kredit bank yang diberikan kepada nasabah. Masyarakat berpendapat bahwa seyogyanya lingkup rahasia bank hanya meliputi dana simpanan nasabah saja (pasiva bank) dan keterangan yang menyangkut penyimpanan-\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 705,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 46,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"18 Djoni S. Gozali dan Rachmadi Usman, 2008, Buku Ajar Hukum Perbankan Nasional, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin: hlm. 328-329.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 85,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"nya. Lingkup rahasia bank yang meliputi kredit yang diterima oleh nasabah (aktiva bank), dirasakan oleh masyarakat sebagai pemasungan hak masyarakat untuk menge- tahui kredit-kredit macet perbankan yang sangat mempengaruhi kesehatan per- bankan. 19\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 176,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 137,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sehubung dengan itu, rumusan dan ruang lingkup kerahasiaan bank telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998, yang dirumuskan terdapat dalam ketentuan Pasal 1 angka 28 Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998, yaitu “ Rahasia bank adalah segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya ”.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 315,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 99,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Demikian pula ketentuan dalam Pasal 40 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 juga mengalami perubahan dengan rumusan yang baru sebagaimana termuat dalam Pasal 40 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998, sebagai berikut: Bank wajib merahasiakan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 416,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 36,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"simpanannya, kecuali dalam hal sebagai- mana dimaksud dalam Pasal 41, 41A, 42, 43, 44, dan 44A.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 454,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 175,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Sementara itu, penjelasan atas Pasal 40 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 antara lain menyatakan, bahwa: Apabila nasabah bank adalah nasabah penyimpan yang sekaligus juga sebagai nasabah debitur, bank wajib tetap merahasiakan keterangan tentang nasabah dalam kedu- dukannya sebagai nasabah penyimpan. Keterangan mengenai nasabah selain sebagai nasabah penyimpan, bukan meru- pakan keterangan yang wajib dirahasiakan bank.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 631,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 36,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dari ketentuan di atas, dapat diketahui kalau ruang lingkup rahasia dibatasi atau dipersempit, yaitu:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 669,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 36,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"a) Menyangkut keterangan mengenai nasa- bah penyimpan dan simpanannya. Ini berarti tidak termasuk keterangan men-\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 340,\n \"top\": 739,\n \"width\": 169,\n \"height\": 12,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"19 Sutan Remy Sjahdeini, op. cit., hlm. 34.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 161,\n \"top\": 43,\n \"width\": 350,\n \"height\": 13,\n \"page_number\": 7,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Miftah Idris , Kerahasiaan Bank: Suatu Tinjauan dalam Aturan Hukum ….7\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 181,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"genai nasabah debitur dan pinja- mannya;\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 113,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"b) Pada dasarnya bank dan pihak terafiliasi berkewajiban memegang teguh keraha- siaan keterangan tersebut, kecuali hal itu tidak dilarang oleh undang-undang;\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 163,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 124,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"c) Situasi tertentu dalam mana informasi mengenai nasabah penyimpan peserta dengan simpanannya dibolehkan, atau dibenarkan saja dibeberkan oleh pihak yang terkena larangan jika informasi tersebut tergolong pada informasi yang dikecualikan atau informasi nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya tidak termasuk dalam kualifikasi kerahasiaan bank. 20\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 290,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 326,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dengan demikian Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 telah membatasi atau mem- persempit ruang lingkup rahasia bank hanya berhubungan dengan nasabah penyimpan dana (nasabah kreditor) dan simpanannya dan selebihnya yang berhubungan dengan nasabah peminjam dana (nasabah debitur) dan kredit tidak termasuk yang wajib dirahasiakan oleh bank. Sebenarnya peru- bahan ketentuan rahasia bank ini sangat dilematis di dalam praktiknya. Kalau nama- nama debitur boleh diumumkan oleh bank hanya untuk diketahui masyarakat umum, karena tindakan mengumumkan tersebut tidak dilarang oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998, hal tersebut akan dimanfaat- kan oleh kawan-kawan dagangnya untuk menjatuhkan usahanya, sehingga perusaha- an besar akan berupaya keras untuk meng- usahakan kredit dari bank-bank di luar negeri untuk menghindarkan diumumkannya nama perusahaan yang bersangkutan. Kalau hal ini sampai terjadi, akan merugikan perbankan nasional. 21\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 625,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pengecualian Rahasia Bank dalam Perbankan Syariah\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 656,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah secara limitatif menentukan pengecualian atas\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 713,\n \"width\": 200,\n \"height\": 20,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"20 Djoni S. Gozali dan Rachmadi Usman, op. cit., hlm. 330.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 106,\n \"top\": 742,\n \"width\": 137,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"21 Adrian Sutedi, op. cit., hlm. 8.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 85,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"berlakunya ketentuan rahasia bank dalam kegiatan usaha pebankan syariah. Penge- cualian ketentuan rahasia bank dalam kegia- tan usaha perbankan syariah dimaksud diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 42 sampai dengan Pasal 48 Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008, yang menetapkan sebagai berikut.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 182,\n \"width\": 42,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pasal 42\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 201,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 187,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"(1) Untuk kepentingan penyidikan pidana perpajakan, pimpinan Bank Indonesia atas permintaan Menteri Keuangan berwenang mengeluarkan perintah tertulis kepada bank agar mem- berikan keterangan dan memper- lihatkan bukti tertulis serta surat mengenai keadaan keuangan Nasa- bah Penyimpan atau Nasabah Invetor tertentu kepada pejabat pajak. (2) Perintah tertulis sebagaimana dimaksud ayat (1) harus menyebutkan mana penjabat pajak, nama nasabah wajib pajak, dan kasus yang dikehen- daki keterangannya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 397,\n \"width\": 42,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pasal 43\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 415,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 111,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"(1) Untuk kepentingan peradilan dalam perkara pidana, pimpinan Bank Indonesia dapat memberikan izin kepada polisi, jaksa, hakim, atau penyidik lain yang diberi wewenang berdasarkan undang-undang untuk memperoleh keterangan dari bank mengenai simpanan atau investasi tersangka atau terdakwa pada Bank.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 529,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 99,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"(2) Izin sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) diberikan secara tertulis atas permintaan tertulis dari kepala Kepo- lisian Negara Republik Indonesia, Jaksa Agung, Ketua Mahkamah Agung, atau pimpinan instansi yang diberi wewenang untuk melakukan penyidikan\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 630,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"(3) Permintaan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) harus menyebutkan nama dan jabatan penyidik, jaksa, atau hakim, nama tersangka atau terdakwa, alasan diperlukannya kete- rangan, dan hubungan perkara\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 340,\n \"top\": 706,\n \"width\": 173,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"pidana yang bersangkutan dengan keterangan yang diperlukan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 45,\n \"width\": 180,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 8,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"8. Al Amwal, Vol I. No. 1 Maret 2016\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 42,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pasal 44\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 106,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Bank wajib memberikan keterangan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 42 dan Pasal 43.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 150,\n \"width\": 42,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pasal 45\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 169,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 86,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dalam perkara perdata antara bank dan nasabahnya, direksi bank yang ber- sangkutan dapat menginformasikan kepada pengadilan tentang keadaan keuangan nasabah yang bersangkutan dan memberi- kan keterangan lain yang relevan dengan perkara tersebut.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 264,\n \"width\": 42,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pasal 46\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 282,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"(1) Dalam rangka tukar-menukar infor- masi antarbank, direksi Bank dapat memberi tahukan keadaan keuangan\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 113,\n \"top\": 320,\n \"width\": 139,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Nasabahnya kepada bank lain.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 333,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"(2) Ketentuan mengenai tukar-menukar informasi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) diatur dalam Peraturan\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 113,\n \"top\": 371,\n \"width\": 99,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Bank Indonesia (PBI)\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 389,\n \"width\": 42,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pasal 47\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 408,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 111,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Atas permintaan, persetujuan, atau kuasa dari nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor yang dibuat secara tertulis, bank wajib memberikan keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah penyimpan dan nasabah investor pada bank yang bersangkutan kepada pihak yang ditunjuk oleh nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor tersebut.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 528,\n \"width\": 42,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Pasal 48\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 546,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 61,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dalam hal nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor telah meninggal dunia, ahli waris yang sah dari nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor yang bersangkutan berhak memperoleh\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 610,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor tersebut.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 635,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 111,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dari pasal-pasal tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 memberikan pengecualian dapat dibukanya informasi rahasia bank terhadap 6 (enam) hal, artinya di luar 6 (enam) hal yang dikecualikan tersebut tidak termasuk sebagai dikecualikan dari kewajiban rahasian bank dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah. Perngecualian\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"berlakunya atas rahasia bank dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah dimaksud meliputi:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 113,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 225,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"1) Untuk kepentingan penyidikan pidana perpajakan diberikan pengecualian kepada pejabat pajak berdasarkan perintah tertulis pimpinan bank Indonesia atau permintaan menteri keuangan (Pasal 42); 2) Untuk kepentingan peradilan dalam perkara pidana diberikan pengecualian kepada polisi, jaksa, hakim atau penyidik lain yang diberi wewenang berdasarkan undang-undang yang bedasarkan izin tertulis pimpinan bank indonesia atas permintaan kepala kepolisian, jaksa agung, dan ketua mahkamah agung republik indonesia atau pimpinan instansi yang diberikan wewenang untuk melakukan penyidikan (Pasal 43);\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 341,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"3) Untuk kepentingan perkara perdata antara bank dengan nasabahnya diberikan pengecualian kepada direksi bank yang besangkutan tanpa harus memperoleh izin pimpinan bank Indonesia (Pasal 45);\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 416,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"4) Dalam rangka tukar-menukar informasi antar bank diberikan pengecualian kepada direksi bank tanpa harus memperoleh izin pimpinan bank\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 330,\n \"top\": 467,\n \"width\": 70,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Indonesia (46);\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 480,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"5) Atas persetujuan, permintaan atau kuasa dari Nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah Investor dapat diberikan pengecualian secara tertulis kepada pihak yang di tujukan oleh Nasabah Penyimpan atau Nasabah Investor (47);\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 556,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"6) Adanya ahli waris yang sah untuk memperoleh keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah (Pasal 48).\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 594,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 60,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Dengan demikian, ketentuan rahasia bank dalam perbankan syariah dalam hal tertentu dapat dibuka atau dilanggar. Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 telah memberikan pengecualian atau\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 657,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"disclosure rahasia bank dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah sebagaimana tertuang dalam Tabel berikut ini.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 162,\n \"top\": 46,\n \"width\": 350,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 9,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 841,\n \"text\": \"Miftah Idris , Kerahasiaan Bank: Suatu Tinjauan dalam Aturan Hukum…. 9\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 177,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 304,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Pengecualian-Pengecualian Terhadap Ketentuan Rahasia Bank dalam Perbankan Syariah\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 120,\n \"width\": 424,\n \"height\": 531,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"No. Kepentingan Permohonan izin Pemberi izin Dasar hukum 1. Penyidikan pidana perpajakan Menteri keuangan Pimpinan bank indonesia Pasal 42 2. Peradilan dalam perkara pidana Kapolri, Jaksa Agung, Ketua Mahkamah Agung, dan Pimpinan Instansi yang diberi wewenang untuk melakukan penyidikan Pimpinan Bank Indonesia Pasal 43 3. Perkara perdata antara Bank dengan Nasabah Bank yang bersangkutan Pengadilan Direksi Bank yang bersangkutan Pasal 45 4. Tukar-menukar informasi antar Bank Bank lain Direksi Bank yang bersangkutan Pasal 46 5. Atas permintaan, persetujuan atau kuasa dari nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor Nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor yang bersangkutan Bank yang bersangkutan Pasal 47 6. Memperoleh keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah Ahli waris yang sah Bank yang bersangkutan Pasal 48 Sumber: Diolah dari Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 Pada prinsipnya wajib memegang teguh dan menjaga kerahasiaan mengenai keadaan keuangan nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya serta nasabah investor dan investasinya, namun dalam keadaan tertentu sebagaimana disebutkan dalam ketentuan Pasal-Pasal 42, 43, 45, 46, 47 dan 48 Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008, bahwa bank syariah dimungkinkan untuk memberikan data dan informasi mengenai segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keuangan dan hal-hal lain dari nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya serta nasabah investor dengan investasinya kepada pihak tertentu atas izin Pimpinan Bank Indonesia, Direksi bank yang bersangkutan, atau bank yang bersangkutan dalam hal-hal berikut.\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 660,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Untuk Kepentingan Penyidikan Pidana Perpajakan\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 691,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 60,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Pengaturan pengecualian atas keraha- siaan bank untuk kepentingan penyidikan pidana perpajakan dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah dapat dijumpai dalam ketentuan Pasal 42 UUPS, yang merupakan\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 438,\n \"width\": 202,\n \"height\": 124,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"disclosure atas paksaan hukum ( under compulsion of law ). Ketentuan dalam Pasal 42 UUPS menetapkan, bahwa untuk kepentingan penyidikan pidana perpajakan, kerahasiaan bank dapat dikesampingkan guna mengetahui keadaan keuangan sese- orang yang kebetulan menjadi nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor tertentu pada suatu bank syariah, dengan ketentuan berikut:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 565,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"a. Menteri keuangan meminta pimpinan Bank Indonesia sesuai wewenangnya mengeluarkan perintah tertulis kepada Bank Syariah yang bersangkutan.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 615,\n \"width\": 51,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"b. Isinya:\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 330,\n \"top\": 628,\n \"width\": 181,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"(1) Memberikan keterangan pada peja- bat pajak;\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 330,\n \"top\": 654,\n \"width\": 181,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"(2) Memperlihatkan bukti tertulis ke- pada pejabat pajak; dan\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 330,\n \"top\": 679,\n \"width\": 183,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"(3) Surat mengenai keadaan keuangan nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor tertentu kepada pejabat pajak.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 729,\n \"width\": 75,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"c. Persyaratan:\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 330,\n \"top\": 742,\n \"width\": 154,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"(1) Perintah dibuat secara tertulis;\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 44,\n \"width\": 186,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 10,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"10. Al Amwal, Vol I. No. 1 Maret 2016\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 183,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"(2) Yang menyebutkan nama pejabat, nasabah wajib pajak;\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 113,\n \"width\": 181,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"(3) Kasus yang dikehendaki keterangan- nya.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 138,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Pengecualian dalam ketentuan Pasal 42 UUPS didasarkan atas kepentingan, masalah perpajakan berkaitan dengan kepen- tingan negara.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 195,\n \"width\": 202,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Untuk Kepentingan Peradilan dalam\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 208,\n \"width\": 75,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Perkara Pidana\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 226,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 263,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Pengecualian untuk kepentingan per- adilan dalam perkara pidana merupakan pengecualian atas paksaan hukum, yang diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 43 UUPS. Berdasarkan ketentuan dalam Pasal 43 UUPS, bahwa untuk kepentingan peradilan dalam perkara pidana atas permintaan tertulis dari Kepala Kepolisian, Jaksa Agung, Ketua Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia dan pimpinan Instansi yang diberi wewenang untuk melakukan penyidikan, kerahasiaan bank dapat dikecualikan. Polisi, jaksa, hakim atau penyidik lainnya dapat minta izin kepada Pimpinan Bank Indonesia untuk memperoleh keterangan dari bank mengenai simpanan atau investasi tersangka atau terdakwa yang ada pada suatu bank syariah. Izin dimaksud didapat melalui tata cara sebagaimana diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 43 ayat (2) dan ayat (3) UUPS, yaitu sebagai berikut:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 492,\n \"width\": 149,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"a. Atas permintaan tertulis dari:\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 504,\n \"width\": 181,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"(1) Kepala Polri dalam tahap penye- lidikan dan penyidikan;\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 530,\n \"width\": 181,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"(2) Jaksa Agung dalam tahap penun- tutan;\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 555,\n \"width\": 183,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"(3) Ketua Mahkamah Agung dalam tahap pemeriksaan di muka sidang pengadilan;\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 593,\n \"width\": 184,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"(4) Pimpinan instansi yang diberi\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 121,\n \"top\": 606,\n \"width\": 165,\n \"height\": 60,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"wewenang untuk melakukan penyi- dikan, yaitu pimpinan departemen atau lembaga pemerintah nondepar- temen setingkat menteri dalam tahap penyelidikan dan penyidikan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 669,\n \"width\": 196,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"b. Pemberi izin: Pimpinan Bank Indonesia\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 681,\n \"width\": 51,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"c. Isinya:\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 694,\n \"width\": 183,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"(1) Memperoleh keterangan dari bank mengenai simpanan tersangka atau terdakwa;\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 330,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 183,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"(2) Memperoleh keterangan dari bank mengenai investasi tersangka atau terdakwa.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 125,\n \"width\": 75,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"d. Persyaratan:\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 330,\n \"top\": 138,\n \"width\": 183,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"(1) Dibuat secara tertulis (dapat bentuk izin);\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 330,\n \"top\": 163,\n \"width\": 183,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"(2) Menyebutkan nama dan jabatan penyidik, jaksa atau hakim;\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 330,\n \"top\": 189,\n \"width\": 159,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"(3) Nama tersangka atau terdakwa;\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 330,\n \"top\": 201,\n \"width\": 171,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"(4) Alasan diperlukannya keterangan;\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 330,\n \"top\": 214,\n \"width\": 183,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"(5) Hubungan perkara pidana yang bersangkutan dengan keterangan yang diperlukan.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 252,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 149,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Berbeda dengan UUP, maka UUPS memperluas pengaturan mengenai penyidik, yang tidak hanya terbatas pada jaksa atau polisi saja, melainkan penyidik lain dari instansi yang diberi wewenang untuk mela- kukan penyidikan berdasarkan undang- undang. Artinya penyidik lain yang di luar dari penyidik jaksa dan polisi dapat pula meminta keterangan dari bank syariah mengenai simpanan atau investasi seseorang yang tersangkut peradilan dalam perkara pidana.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 404,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 162,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Demikian pula yang menjadi dasar disclosure kerahasiaan bank syariah sebagai- mana diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 43 UUPS didasarkan pada kepentingan umum. Prinsip kerahasiaan bank yang bertujuan untuk melindungi kepentingan individu seorang nasabah, dikorbankan demi menyeimbang- kannya dengan kepentingan masyarakat umum, yang dalam hal ini menyangkut penyelesaian perkara tindak pidana. Asas keseimbangannya mengutamakan perlin- dungan kepentingan umum di atas kepen- tingan individu. 1\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 574,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 36,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Untuk Kepentingan Pemeriksaan dalam Perkara Perdata antara Bank dengan Nasabahnya\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 618,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 61,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Pengecualian ketiga atas rahasia bank dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah berlaku adalah dalam hal kepentingan perkara perdata antara bank dan nasabah sebagaimana yang ditentukan dalam keten-\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 705,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 46,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"1 M Yahya Harahap, 1997, Beberapa Tinjauan tentang Permasalahan Hukum Buku Kedua, PT Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung: hlm. 224.\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 155,\n \"top\": 45,\n \"width\": 356,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 11,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Miftah Idris , Kerahasiaan Bank: Suatu Tinjauan dalam Aturan Hukum….11\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"tuan Pasal 45 UUPS. Dari ketentuan dalam Pasal 45 UUPS dapat diketahui, bahwa pengecualian atas rahasia bank dalam perbankan syariah sebatas pada perkara perdata yang terjadi antara bank syariah dan nasabahnya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 163,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 99,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Ketentuan dalam Pasal 45 UUPS mem-perkenankan bank syariah yang bersang-kutan menginformasikan kepada pengadilan tentang keadaan keuangan nasabah yang bersangkutan dan memberikan keterangan lain yang relevan dengan perkara yang diajukan kepada pengadilan, dengan per-syaratan:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 265,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"a. Informasi dimaksudkan menyangkut perkara perdata antara pihak bank dan nasabahnya;\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 303,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"b. Direksi bank yang bersangkutan dapat menginformasikan kepada pengadilan tentang keadaan keuangan nasabah yang bersangkutan dan keterangan lain yang relevan dengan perkara perdata antara bank dan nasabahnya;\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 378,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 112,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"c. Tidak perlu meminta izin dari Pimpinan Bank Indonesia, artinya sepanjang infor- masi dimaksud diperlukan, direksi bank yang bersangkutan dapat menginfor- masikan kepada pengadilan tentang keadaan keuangan nasabah yang ber- sangkutan dan memberikan keterangan lain yang relevan dengan perkara ter- sebut.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 492,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 137,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Pengecualian seperti ini dijumpai pula dalam ketentuan Pasal 43 UUP, yang juga membatasi pada sengketa atau perkara perdata yang terjadi antara bank dengan nasabahnya. Pasal ini memperkenankan bank konvensional menginformasikan ke- pada pengadilan tentang keadaan keuangan nasabah yang bersangkutan dan memberikan keterangan lain yang relevan dengan perkara yang diajukan kepada pengadilan, dengan persyaratan:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 631,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 38,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"a. Bila hal tersebut menyangkut perkara perdata yang terjadi antara pihak bank dengan pihak nasabahnya;\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 673,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"b. Direksi bank yang bersangkutan dapat menginformasikan kepada pengadilan tentang keadaan keuangan nasabah yang dalam perkara perdata dengan dan keterangan lain yang berkaitan dengan perkara dengan banknya tersebut;\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 87,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 80,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"c. Pemberian informasi ini tanpa izin dari pimpinan Bank Indonesia, artinya pihak bank dapat dengan segera menginfor- masikan keadaan keuangan nasabahnya tanpa harus menunggu izin dari pim- pinan Bank Indonesia.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 171,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 351,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Pendirian yang dianut Pasal 43 ini sangat sempit sebab terbatas pada perkara perdata yang terjadi antara bank dan nasabahnya. Dengan batasan demikan, bank hanya diperbolehkan memberi informasi keadaan keuangan nasabah dalam hal bank menggugat nasabah atas alasan wanprestasi. Memang logis kalau bank mesti memberi informasi agar informasi itu landasan fundamentum petendi gugat. 2 Sempitnya penerapan Pasal 43 dianggap sangat merugikan kepentingan masyarakat luas, terutama bagi kepentingan dunia bisnis. Pasal tersebut seolah-olah mengandung diskriminasi karena hanya melindungi kepentingan perusahaan perbankan saja dan tidak melindungi kepentingan perusahaan jenis lain dalam arti luas. Kalau bank yang bersengketa prinsip kerahasiaan banknya boleh dilanggar dan di luar itu tidak. Itu jelas tidak adil. Seolah-olah, undang-undang tidak peduli terhadap kesengsaraan yang dialami masyarakat luas. Padahal banyak perusahaan dengan sengaja tidak membayar kewajiban (utang) kepada mitra bisnisnya di sektor distribusi, agen, atau kontraktor walaupun perushaan-perusahaan itu aktivanya lancar ( current assets ) diberbagai bank. 3\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 531,\n \"width\": 109,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Untuk Kepentingan\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 531,\n \"width\": 202,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Tukar-menukar Informasi Antarbank\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 563,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 136,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Pengecualian berikutnya atas rahasia bank dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah berlaku dalam hal kepentingan tukar-menukar informasi antarbank sebagai- mana ditentukan dalam ketentuan Pasal 46 UUPS. Dalam Pasal 46 UUPS ditetapkan, bahwa dalam rangka tukar-menukar infor- masi antarbank, direksi bank dapat mem- beritahukan keadaan keuangan nasabahnya kepada bank lain. Dengan merujuk kepeada ketentuan dalam Pasal 46 UUPS, maka\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 333,\n \"top\": 722,\n \"width\": 71,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"2 Ibid., hlm. 225.\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 333,\n \"top\": 740,\n \"width\": 71,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"3 Ibid., hlm. 226.\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 45,\n \"width\": 186,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 12,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"12. Al Amwal, Vol I. No. 1 Maret 2016\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 60,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"direksi bank syariah dapat memberitahukan keadaan keuangan nasabah kepada bank syariah lainnya, yang dilakukan dalam rangka saling tukar-menukar informasi antarbank.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 151,\n \"width\": 202,\n \"height\": 212,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Sebelum ketentuan pengecualian atas rahasia bank dalam rangka tukar menukar informasi antarbank juga diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 44 UUP, yang menetapkan bahwa dalam rangka tukar-menukar infor- masi antarbank, direksi bank dapat mem- berikan informasi mengenai keadaan keuangan nasabah kepada bank lain. Tukar- menukar informasi antarbank dilakukan untuk memperlancar dan mengamankan kegiatan usaha bank, antar lain guna mencegah pemberian kredit rangkap serta mengetahui keadaan dan statusnya dari bank yang lain, sehingga bank dapat menilai tingkat resiko yang dihadapi sebelum melakukan transaksi dengan nasabah atau dengan bank lain.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 366,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 149,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Ketentuan dalam Pasal 44 UUP sangat diskriminatif, hanya sebatas antar bank saja dengan tidak memberikan peluang kepada masyarakat yang berkecimpung dalam dunia bisnis. Padahal dunia bisnis dalam arti luas sangat memerlukan informasi data keadaan keuangan yang sebenarnya dari suatu perusahaan yang hendak bermitra dengannya. Sepantasnya memang jika sbuah perusahaan atau masyarakat ingin menge- tahui dengan pesis keadaan keuangan calon mitranya. 4\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 524,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Adanya Permintaan, Persetujuan, atau Kuasa Tertulis dari Nasabah Penyimpan atau Nasabah Investor\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 568,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 149,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Pengecualian berikutnya atas rahasia bank dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah berlaku dalam hal adanya permintaan, persetujuan, atau kuasa tertulis dari nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah inves- tor sebagaimana ditentukan dalam ketentuan Pasal 47 UUPS. Dalam Pasal 47 UUPS ditetapkan, bahwa bank syariah wajib memberikan keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor pada bank yang bersangkutan kepada pihak yang ditunjuk oleh nasabah penyimpan atau\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 106,\n \"top\": 740,\n \"width\": 89,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"4 Ibid., hlm. 227-228.\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 136,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"nasabah investor. Keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor tersebut akan diberikan oleh bank yang bersangkutan dengan persyaratan bilamana sebelumnya: adanya permintaan, persetujuan, atau kuasa dari nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor; dan dibuat secara tertulis yang ditujukan kepada bank syariah di mana nasabah penyimpan menempatkan dana atau nasabah investor menginvestasikan dana.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 227,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 212,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Sebelumnya pengecualian atas rahasia bank seperti ini ditentukan pula dalam ketentuan Pasal 44A yang merupakan ketentuan baru yang ditambahkan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 . Ketentuan dalam Pasal 44A ayat (1) UUP menetapkan, bahwa bank wajib memberikan keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah penyimpan pada bank yang bersangkutan kepada pihak yang ditunjuk oleh nasabah penyimpan. Keterangan mengenai simpanan tersebut akan diberikan oleh bank yang bersangkutan dengan syarat bila sebelum- nya: ada permintaan, persetujuan, kuasa dari nasabah penyimpan dana; dan dibuat secara tertulis yang ditujukan kepada bank oleh nasabah penyimpan dana.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 442,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 212,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Kalau kita perhatikan, dasar penge- cualian kerahasiaan bank yang dicantumkan dalam ketentuan Pasal 44A ayat (1) UUP berkaitan dengan kepentingan nasabah penyimpan dana, bukan menyangkut kepen- tingan umum, kepentingan penyelesaian perkara, apalagi demi kepentingan bank itu sendiri. Kerahasiaan bank di sini boleh dibuka asalkan hal itu disetujui oleh nasabah penyimpan dananya atau kuasanya. Bank wajib membuka atau memberikan kete- rangan yang berkaitan dengan simpanan nasabah penyimpan dana, asalkan hal itu ada permintaan, disetujui atau dikuasakan oleh nasabah penyimpan dana kepadsa bank yang bersangkutan kepada pihak yang ditunjuk oleh nasabah penyimpan dana. 5\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 663,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Adanya Ahli Waris yang Sah untuk\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 676,\n \"width\": 134,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Memperoleh Keterangan\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 465,\n \"top\": 676,\n \"width\": 49,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Mengenai\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 688,\n \"width\": 92,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Simpanan Nasabah\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 728,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"5 Djoni S. Gozali dan Rachmadi Usman, op. cit., hlm. 339.\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 156,\n \"top\": 45,\n \"width\": 356,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 13,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Miftah Idris , Kerahasiaan Bank: Suatu Tinjauan dalam Aturan Hukum….13\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 225,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Pengecualian terakhir atas rahasia bank dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah berlaku dalam hal adanya ahli waris yang sah untuk memperoleh keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah sebagaimana ditentukan dalam ketentuan Pasal 48 UUPS. Dalam ketentuan Pasal 48 UUPS ditetapkan, bahwa ahli waris yang sah dari nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor berhak memperoleh keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor dalam hal nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor telah meninggal dunia. Kalau diperhatikan, pengecualian atas rahasia bank ini didasarkan kepada kepentingan ahli waris dalam rangka penyelesaian pembagian harta kewarisan yang pewarisnya menjadi nasabah perbankan syariah.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 315,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 187,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Bagi perbankan konvensional, penge- cualian atas rahasia bank seperti ini diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 44A ayat (2) UUP, yang menetapkan bahwa dalam hal nasabah penyimpan telah meninggal dunia, maka ahli waris yang sah dari nasabah penyimpan yang bersangkutan berhak memperoleh keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah penyimpan tersebut. Dengan sendirinya bank berkewajiban memberikan keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah penyimpan kepada ahli warisnya yang sah bila yang bersangkutan telah meninggal dunia dalam rangka untuk menyelesaikan pembagian harta kewarisan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 505,\n \"width\": 202,\n \"height\": 99,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Bila dibandingkan dengan peraturan pengecualian atas rahasia bank dalam UUP, maka dalam UUPS tidak terdapat penga- turan pengecualian atas rahasia bank dalam kegiatan perbankan syariah berlaku dalam hal untuk kepentingan penyelesaian piutang bank yang telah diserahkan kepada Badan Urusan Piutang dan Lelang Negara\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 606,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"(BUPLN) atau Panitia Urusan Piutang Negara (PUPN).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 631,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 124,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Pengecualian atas bank konvensional untuk kepentingan piutang yang sudah diserahkan kepada BUPLN/PUPN dimaksud telah diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 41A yang merupakan tambahan ketentuan rahasia bank melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 atas Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992. Ketentuan dalam Pasal 41A UUP menetapkan bahwa untuk penyelesaian piutang bank yang sudah diserahkan kepada\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 47,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"BUPLN/PUPN, Pimpinan Bank Indonesia memberikan izin kepada pejabat BUPLN/ PUPN untuk memperoleh keterangan dari bank mengenai simpanan nasabah debitur.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 138,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 86,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Izin untuk memperoleh keterangan dari bank mengenai simpanan nansabah debitur dimaksud dalam rangka penye- lesaian piutang yang sudah diserahkan kepada BUPLN/PUPN akan diberikan oleh Pimpinan Bank Indonesiadengan persyara- tan sebagai berikut.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 227,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 98,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"a. Dilakukan atas permintaan tertulisdari Kepala BUPLN/Ketua PUPN dengan menyebutkan nama dan jabatan pejabat BUPLN/PUPN yang meminta keterang- an, nama nasabah debitur yang ber- sangkutan yang diperlukan keterangan, dan alasan diperlukan keterangan dari nasabah debitur tersebut.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 328,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 149,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"b. Izin tersebut dengan sendirinya diberi- kan secara tertulis dengan menyebutkan nama dan jabatan pejabat BUPLN/ PUPN yang meminta keterangan, menyebutkan nama nasabah debitur yang akan dimintai keterangan berkaitan dengan piutang bank yang diserahkan kepada BUPLN/PUPN, serta mencan- tumkan keperluan keterangan tersebut dikaitkan dengan urusan penyelesaian piutang bank dengan nasabah debitur yang bersangkutan.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 480,\n \"width\": 202,\n \"height\": 86,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Kalau diteliti pengecualian atas rahasia untuk kepentingan piutang yang sudah diserahkan kepada BUPLN/PUPN tersebut, berkaitan dengan kepentingan bank itu sendiri ( in the interest of the bank ) untuk menjamin kelangsungannya dalam ber- usaha. 6\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 574,\n \"width\": 48,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Simpulan\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 348,\n \"top\": 593,\n \"width\": 165,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Cakupan rahasia bank dalam\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 606,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah dibatasi, di antaranya:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 631,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"a. Menyangkut segala sesuatu yang ber- hubungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya serta nasabah investor dan investasinya;\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 681,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 36,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"b. Pada dasarnya bank dan pihak terafiliasi berkewajiban memegang teguh kera- hasiaan keterangan mengenai nasabah\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 333,\n \"top\": 740,\n \"width\": 71,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"6 Ibid., hlm. 336.\",\n \"type\": \"Footnote\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 46,\n \"width\": 185,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 14,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"14. Al Amwal, Vol I. No. 1 Maret 2016\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 183,\n \"height\": 47,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"penyimpan dan simpanannya dan nasa- bah investor dan investasinya, kecuali hal itu tidak dilarang oleh undang- undang;\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 138,\n \"width\": 202,\n \"height\": 86,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"c. Karena kepentingan tertentu, informasi mengenai segala sesuatu yang ber- hubungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan beserta dengan simpanannya dan nasabah investor beserta dengan investasinya dapat dibuka.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 227,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Pengecualian Rahasia Bank dalam Perbankan Syariah untuk kepentingan:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 252,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"a. Untuk kepentingan penyidikan pidana perpajakan\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 277,\n \"width\": 199,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"b. Untuk kepentingan peradilan dalam per- kara pidana;\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 303,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"c. Untuk kepentingan pemeriksaan dalam perkara perdata;\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 328,\n \"width\": 199,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"d. Untuk kepentingan tukar-menukar infor- masi antarbank;\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 353,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"e. Adanya permintaan atau persetujuan atau kuasa tertulis dari nasabah atau nasabah investor; dan\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 391,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"f. Adanya Ahli Waris yang Sah untuk\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 103,\n \"top\": 404,\n \"width\": 183,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Memperoleh Keterangan Mengenai Simpanan Nasabah.\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 443,\n \"width\": 50,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Reference\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 462,\n \"width\": 202,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Supraptomo, Heru, 2005, Terobosan Hukum dalam Rahasia Bank, artikel dalam Jurnal Hukum Bisnis Volume...,\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 106,\n \"top\": 500,\n \"width\": 180,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Yayasan Pengembangan Hukum Bisnis, Jakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 531,\n \"width\": 202,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Djumhana, Muhammad , 1996, Rahasia Bank (Ketentuan dan Penerapannya) di Indonesia , PT Citra Aditya Bakti,\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 569,\n \"width\": 202,\n \"height\": 41,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Bandung. Sutedi, Andrian, 2007, Hukum Perbankan: Suatu Tinjauan Pencucian Uang,\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 106,\n \"top\": 613,\n \"width\": 180,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Merger, Likuidasi, dan Kepailitan, Sinar Grafika, Jakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 85,\n \"top\": 644,\n \"width\": 202,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Hermansyah, 2005, Hukum Perbankan\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 106,\n \"top\": 657,\n \"width\": 172,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Nasional Indonesia, Kencana, Jakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 88,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Soekanto, Soejono, 2006, Pengenalan Penelitian Hukum , Grafindo, Jakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 119,\n \"width\": 202,\n \"height\": 79,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Sjahdeini, Sutan Remy, 2006, Rahasia Bank: Berbagai Masalah di Sekitarnya, dalam Hukum Perbankan, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta. Djumhana, Muhammad , 1996, Rahasia\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 333,\n \"top\": 201,\n \"width\": 180,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Bank (Ketentuan dan Penerapannya) di Indonesia , PT Citra Aditya Bakti,\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 333,\n \"top\": 226,\n \"width\": 45,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Bandung.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 245,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Fuady,Munir, 1999, Hukum Perbankan Modern Buku Kesatu , PT Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 289,\n \"width\": 202,\n \"height\": 110,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang- Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah. Muhamad Djumhana, 2012, Hukum Perbankan di Indonesia , Citra Aditya\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 333,\n \"top\": 402,\n \"width\": 98,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Bakti, Cetakan ke VI.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 420,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Hermansyah, Hukum Perbankan Nasional\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 433,\n \"width\": 202,\n \"height\": 67,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Indonesia , Kencana Prenada Media Group, Jakarta. Rachmadi Usman, 2003, Aspek-Aspek Hukum Perbankan di Indonesia , PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 508,\n \"width\": 202,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Djoni S. Gozali dan Rachmadi Usman, 2008, Buku Ajar Hukum Perbankan Nasional , Fakultas Hukum Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 312,\n \"top\": 565,\n \"width\": 201,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"M Yahya Harahap, 1997, Beberapa Tinjauan tentang Permasalahan Hukum\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 333,\n \"top\": 590,\n \"width\": 180,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Buku Kedua, PT Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 156,\n \"top\": 46,\n \"width\": 355,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 15,\n \"page_width\": 595,\n \"page_height\": 842,\n \"text\": \"Miftah Idris , Kerahasiaan Bank: Suatu Tinjauan dalam Aturan Hukum… .15\",\n \"type\": \"Page header\"\n }\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":1499,"cells":{"id":{"kind":"string","value":"0ea36b0a-790b-cbb2-b199-f2107de3070f"},"url":{"kind":"string","value":"https://stiemuttaqien.ac.id/ojs/index.php/OJS/article/download/122/94"},"data":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"left":305,"top":723,"width":13,"height":9,"page_number":1,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"63","type":"Page footer"},{"left":122,"top":127,"width":269,"height":25,"page_number":1,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Vol. 7 No. 1 Februari 2020 P - ISSN","type":"Table"},{"left":194,"top":141,"width":62,"height":11,"page_number":1,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":": 2503-4413","type":"Text"},{"left":122,"top":155,"width":54,"height":11,"page_number":1,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"E - ISSN","type":"Table"},{"left":194,"top":155,"width":124,"height":11,"page_number":1,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":": 2654-5837, Hal 63 – 67","type":"Text"},{"left":105,"top":181,"width":411,"height":25,"page_number":1,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"PENGARUH GREEN MARKETING DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK ORIFLAME PURWAKARTA","type":"Section header"},{"left":162,"top":222,"width":298,"height":48,"page_number":1,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Oleh : Amna Mawardi Program Studi Manajemen – STIE DR. KHEZ. MUTTAQIEN Email : amnamawardi@gmail.com","type":"Text"},{"left":91,"top":285,"width":436,"height":238,"page_number":1,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"DOI Artikel : https://doi.org/10.34308/eqien.v7i1.122 Article Info Abstract Article History : Received 10 Feb - 2020 Accepted 20 Feb - 2020 Available Online 28 Feb - 2020 The Research aimed to determine factors that influencing the purchase decision of oriflame’s product. This research was take in two variables that affect the decision to purchase the green marketing (X1) and Product Quality (X2). Data collection using non-probability technique and the kind of the purposive sampling spread at les 100 respondents in Purwakarta that are active and ever of Oriflame’s consumer products. The research analyzed through the software SPSS 22. The outcome of this research, in partial such green marketing and the product quality have had a significant positive impact of the purchase decision. The whole dependent variable simultaneously influence of the purchase decision with F value count 55,587 and the economic situation of significant 0,000 < 0.05. R square value showed the results of 0,534 having meaning that whole of dependent variable influential simultaneously as many as 53,4 %.","type":"Text"},{"left":91,"top":539,"width":141,"height":36,"page_number":1,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Keyword : Green Marketing, Product Quality, Purchase Decision.","type":"Text"},{"left":305,"top":723,"width":13,"height":9,"page_number":2,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"64","type":"Page footer"},{"left":86,"top":89,"width":86,"height":10,"page_number":2,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"PENDAHULUAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":86,"top":102,"width":213,"height":111,"page_number":2,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Kesadaran masyarakat di berbagai belahan dunia tentang pentingnya menjaga kelestarian lingkungan hidup semakin meningkat. Terjadinya pemanasan global membuat masyarakat semakin berhati-hati menggunakan berbagai produk yang dikhawatirkan dapat menambah level pemanasan global pada level yang membahayakan umat manusia","type":"Text"},{"left":86,"top":216,"width":108,"height":10,"page_number":2,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"(Situmorang,2011:131).","type":"Text"},{"left":86,"top":228,"width":216,"height":86,"page_number":2,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Dengan kondisi konsumen global yang mulai sadar pada kelestarian lingkungan hidup makan muncul permintaan baru dengan produk yang berbasis ramah lingkungan. Maka dari itu munculah konsep pemasan baru yang berwawasan lingkungan atau biasa disebut dengan green marketing (pemasaran hijau).","type":"Text"},{"left":86,"top":317,"width":227,"height":402,"page_number":2,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Salah satu hal yang menjadi perhatian publik yang belakangan ini marak diberitakan yaitu dalam bidang kecantikan khususnya kosmetik dan skincare . Penggunaan bahan kimia berbahaya dalam produk kecantikan maupun skincare membuat para konsumen produk kecantikan dan skincare menjadi was-was dan lebih selektif dalam pemilihan produk yang akan mereka konsumsi. Salah satu peusahaan kosmetik dan skincare yang menerapkan konsep green marketing adalah perusahaan kosmetik dan skincareOriflame . Perusahaan yang baik mempunyai komitmen untuk memenuhi kebutuhan konsumennya dengan selalu melakukan pembaruan – pembaruan dari waktu ke waktu. Namun, konsumen mempunyai kepuasan yang berbeda-beda sehingga berpengaruh kepada keputusan pembelian, hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari data pendapatan penjualan produk Oriflame sebagai berikut. Terjadinya fluktuasi volume penjualan pada produk oriflame ini diduga dikarenakan beberapa faktor penyebab, hal ini dapat dilihat dari penelitian Pra-Survey yang dilakukan pada tanggal 01 Maret 2019 pada 30 orang responden yang mengisi kuesioner mengenai Keputusan pembelian Produk Oriflame Purwakarta. Dapat dilihat bahwa 62% dari 100% memilih kualitas produk, dan 20% responden memilih produk berbahan dasar alami yang mewakili green marketing , promosi, harga dan brand image juga","type":"Text"},{"left":327,"top":89,"width":216,"height":162,"page_number":2,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian oriflame dipurwakarta, hanya saja pengaruhnya lebih redah daripada kualitas produk dan produk berbahan dasar alami yang mewakili green marketing , hal tersebut menunjukan bahwa kualitas produk dan produk berbahan dasar alami yang mewakili green marketing berpengaruh cukup besar pada keputusan pembelian sehingga mempengaruhi penulis untuk mengambil variable tersebut. Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas maka penulis kemudian mengambil judul “Pengaruh Green Marketing ,dan Kualitas Produk","type":"Text"},{"left":327,"top":254,"width":210,"height":10,"page_number":2,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Terhadap keputusan pembelian produk","type":"Table"},{"left":327,"top":266,"width":208,"height":36,"page_number":2,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Oriflame Purwakarta” KERANGKA PEMIKIRAN DAN","type":"Table"},{"left":327,"top":304,"width":157,"height":10,"page_number":2,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"PENGEMBANGAN HIPOTESIS","type":"Section header"},{"left":327,"top":317,"width":82,"height":10,"page_number":2,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Green Marketing","type":"Table"},{"left":327,"top":330,"width":207,"height":124,"page_number":2,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Menurut American Marketing Association ( AMA , 1975) dalam yazdanifard (2011:637) dalam Sultan (2016) mendefinisikan green marketing sebagai pemasaran produk yang dianggap aman bagi lingkungan, dengan menggabungkan berbagai kegiatan seperti modifikasi produk, perubahan proses produksi, kemasan, dan strategi iklan.pengoperasian dan perbaikan, dan atribut bernilai lainnya.","type":"Text"},{"left":327,"top":457,"width":78,"height":10,"page_number":2,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Kualitas Produk","type":"Section header"},{"left":327,"top":469,"width":210,"height":238,"page_number":2,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Salah satu nilai utama yang diharapkan oleh pelanggan dari produsen adalah kualitas produk dan jasa yang tertinggi (Ade Nurhayati, 2014). Menurut Kotler and Armstrong (2004:283) dalam Shandy, dkk (2014:3) arti dari kualitas produk adalah “the ability of a product to perform its functions, it includes the product’s overall durability, reliability, precision, ease of operation and repair, and other valued attributes” Artinya kualitas produk berhubungan erat dengan kemampuan produk untuk menjalankan fungsinya, termasuk keseluruhan produk, keandalan, ketepatan, kemudahan Menurut Morgan dan Cerullo dalam Julian dan Ropi (2016) Keputusan ialah sebuah kesimpulan yang dicapai sesudah dilakukan pertimbangan, yang terjadi setelah satu kemungkinan dipilih, sementara yang lain dikesampingkan .","type":"Text"},{"left":304,"top":737,"width":13,"height":9,"page_number":3,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"65","type":"Page footer"},{"left":86,"top":89,"width":106,"height":10,"page_number":3,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Keputusan Pembelian","type":"Section header"},{"left":86,"top":102,"width":210,"height":136,"page_number":3,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Keputusan Pembelian menurut Swastha dan Irawan dalam Setiawan, dkk (2017) menyatakan bahwa keputusan pembelian adalah pemahaman konsumen tentang keinginan dan kebutuhan akan suatu produk dengan menilai dari sumber-sumber yang ada dengan menetapkan tujuan pembelian serta mengidentifikasi alternative sehingga pengambil keputusan untuk membeli yang disertai dengan perilaku setelah melakukan pembelian.","type":"Table"},{"left":86,"top":241,"width":120,"height":10,"page_number":3,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"METODE PENELITIAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":86,"top":254,"width":215,"height":73,"page_number":3,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Pengujian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu yang pertama uji instrumen atau data, melalui uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, normalitas, dan heteroskedastisitas. dan yang kedua yaitu uji hipotesis melalui Uji T dan Uji F.","type":"Text"},{"left":86,"top":330,"width":142,"height":10,"page_number":3,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":86,"top":342,"width":210,"height":23,"page_number":3,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Dari hasil persamaan regresi linier berganda dapat dijelaskan sebagai berikut:","type":"Text"},{"left":104,"top":368,"width":197,"height":98,"page_number":3,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"1. Konstanta (β0) memiliki nilai 1,634 menunjukan bahwa jika nilai X1 dan X2 sama dengan nol, maka nilai Y sebesar 1,634. Dalam kata lain bahwa Keputusan Pembelian hanya terwujud sejumlah 1,634 tanpa adanya Green Marketing dan Kualitas Produk.","type":"List item"},{"left":104,"top":469,"width":192,"height":10,"page_number":3,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"2. Koefisien regresi variabel Green","type":"List item"},{"left":122,"top":481,"width":177,"height":187,"page_number":3,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Marketing X1 adalah sebesar 0,222. Artinya jika variabel independen lain nilainya tetap dan nilai dari Green Marketing mengalami kenaikan 1 poin, maka nilai dari Keputusan Pembelian akan mengalami kenaikan sebesar 0,222 poin. Begitupula sebaliknya, jika variabel independen lain nilainya tetap dan nilai dari Green Marketing mengalami penurunan sebesar 0,222 poin. Dalam hal ini pengaruh dari variabel independen Green Marketing adalah berbanding lurus dengan Keputusan Pembelian, artinya semakin meningkat","type":"Table"},{"left":122,"top":671,"width":174,"height":10,"page_number":3,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Green Marketing maka nilai dari","type":"Table"},{"left":122,"top":77,"width":420,"height":642,"page_number":3,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Keputusan Pembelian juga akan semakin meningkat, begitu pula sebaliknya. 3. Koefisien regresi variabel Kualitas Produk X2 adalah sebesar 0,457. Artinya jika variabel independen lain nilainya tetap dan nilai dari Kualitas Produk mengalami kenaikan 1 poin, maka nilai dari Keputusan Pembelian akan mengalami","type":"Table"},{"left":363,"top":165,"width":171,"height":111,"page_number":3,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"kenaikan sebesar 0,457 poin. Begitupula sebaliknya, jika variabel independen lain nilainya tetap dan nilai dari Kualitas Produk mengalami penurunan sebesar 0,457 poin. Dalam hal ini pengaruh dari variabel independen Kualitas Produk adalah berbanding lurus dengan Keputusan Pembelian, artinya semakin","type":"Text"},{"left":363,"top":279,"width":168,"height":48,"page_number":3,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"meningkat Kualitas Produk maka nilai dari Keputusan Pembelian juga akan semakin meningkat, begitu pula sebaliknya.","type":"Text"},{"left":345,"top":330,"width":189,"height":136,"page_number":3,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Berdasarkan dari nilai R Square dapat diartikan juga bahwa Green Marketing dan Kualitas Produk mampu mempengaruhi Keputusan Pembelian sebesar 53,4% atau dengan kata lain pemilihan Keputusan Pembeliansebagai faktor yang dipengaruhi Green Marketing dan Kualitas Produk sudah tepat, dan sisanya sebesar 46,6% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain selain faktor Green Marketing dan Kualitas Produk.","type":"Text"},{"left":327,"top":482,"width":142,"height":10,"page_number":3,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN","type":"Section header"},{"left":327,"top":494,"width":210,"height":137,"page_number":3,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Secara parsial Green Marketing dan Kualitas Produkmemiliki pengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian. Secara bersama – sama (simultan), kedua variabel Green Marketing dan Kualitas Produk berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap Keputusan Pembelian. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua variable tersebut secara bersamaan dapat memberikan kontribusi yang besar pada Keputusan Pembelian produk Oirflame Purwakarta.","type":"Text"},{"left":327,"top":633,"width":207,"height":99,"page_number":3,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Perkembangan teknologi informasi saat ini semakin berkembang dengan pesat, sehingga diharapkan PT. Orindo Alam Ayu dan seluruh SPO (Service Point Oriflame) yang ada di Purwakarta sebagai distributor resmi Oriflame agar lebih memberikan informasi yang lebih update, detail dan akurat mengenai produk yang ditawarkan kepada","type":"List item"},{"left":304,"top":737,"width":13,"height":9,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"66","type":"Page footer"},{"left":86,"top":77,"width":204,"height":60,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"konsumen, sehingga konsumen dapat mengetahui informasi mengenai produk oriflame yang berbasis produk alami dan memiliki kualitas poduk yang baik dan tentu saja aman untuk digunakan, sehingga","type":"Table"},{"left":327,"top":77,"width":213,"height":35,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"konsumen yang muali beralih menggunakan produk alami dapat memutuskan keputusan pembelian pada produk oriflame.","type":"Text"},{"left":86,"top":153,"width":63,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"REFERENSI","type":"Section header"},{"left":86,"top":165,"width":205,"height":61,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Dewi, A. N. K. (2016). Pengaruh Harga, Kualitas, Kondisi Pasar dan Lokasi Pasar terhadap Preferensi Konsumen dalam Berbelanja di Pasar Tradisional. Eqien: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis ,","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":228,"width":24,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"3 (2).","type":"Text"},{"left":86,"top":241,"width":204,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Soenawan, A. D., Malonda, E. S., & Aprilia,","type":"Text"},{"left":86,"top":254,"width":208,"height":161,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"A. (2015). Pengaruh Kualitas Produk, Kualitas Pelayanan dan Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen D’Stupid Baker Spazio Graha Family Surabaya. Jurnal Hospitality dan Manajemen Jasa , 3 (2), 395-409. Basrah Saidani, Samsul Arifin, 2012. Pengaruh Kualitas Produk Dan Kualitas Layanan Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen Dan Minat Beli Pada Ranch Market. Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sains Indonesia (Jrmsi) |Vol. 3, No. 1","type":"Table"},{"left":86,"top":418,"width":205,"height":61,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Saidani, B., & Arifin, S. (2012). Pengaruh kualitas produk dan kualitas layanan terhadap kepuasan konsumen dan minat beli pada ranch market. JRMSI-Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sains Indonesia , 3 (1),","type":"Text"},{"left":114,"top":481,"width":26,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"1-22.","type":"Text"},{"left":86,"top":494,"width":205,"height":99,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Ahmad, F., Lapian, J., & Soegoto, A. S. (2016). Analisis Green Product dan Green Marketing Strategy terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk The Body Shop di Manado Town Square. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis dan Akuntansi , 4 (1).","type":"Text"},{"left":86,"top":595,"width":196,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Syafrina, I., & Hidayat, R. (2016). Pengaruh","type":"Text"},{"left":121,"top":608,"width":161,"height":48,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Green Product (tissue Tessa) Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (studi Kasus Wilayah Kabupaten Bandung Dan Kota Bandung Tahun","type":"Table"},{"left":121,"top":658,"width":161,"height":23,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"2016). eProceedings of Applied Science , 2 (2).","type":"Text"},{"left":86,"top":684,"width":196,"height":48,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Weenas, J. R. (2013). Kualitas produk, harga, promosi dan kualitas pelayanan pengaruhnya terhadap keputusan pembelian Spring Bed","type":"Text"},{"left":360,"top":152,"width":160,"height":36,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Comforta. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis dan Akuntansi , 1 (4).","type":"Text"},{"left":324,"top":190,"width":196,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Sy, J. S. P. M., & Marlina, R. (2016).","type":"Text"},{"left":360,"top":203,"width":160,"height":48,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Preferensi Nasabah Memilih Bank Syariah Dilihat dari Aspek Karakteristik Nasabah. Eqien: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis , 3 (2),","type":"Table"},{"left":360,"top":254,"width":31,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"48-62.","type":"Table"},{"left":324,"top":266,"width":196,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Ridwan, M., Fauzi DH, A., & Bafadhal, A.","type":"Text"},{"left":360,"top":279,"width":160,"height":136,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"S. (2018). PENGARUH GREEN PRODUCT, GREEN ADVERTISING DAN GREEN BRAND TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN (Survei pada Mahasiswa Jurusan Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis Angkatan 2013/2014 dan 2014/2015 Fakultas Ilmu Administrasi Universitas Brawijaya Konsumen Air Minum Kemasan Mer. Jurnal Administrasi","type":"Table"},{"left":360,"top":418,"width":92,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Bisnis , 55 (1), 80-90.","type":"Text"},{"left":324,"top":431,"width":196,"height":60,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Irandust, M., & Bamdad, N. (2014). The Role of Customer's Believability and Attitude in Green Purchase Intention. Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and","type":"Text"},{"left":360,"top":494,"width":158,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Management Review , 33 (2534), 1-","type":"Text"},{"left":360,"top":507,"width":11,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"7.","type":"List item"},{"left":324,"top":519,"width":196,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Sigit, M. (2016). GREEN MARKETING","type":"Text"},{"left":360,"top":532,"width":160,"height":61,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"TERHADAP MINAT BELI PADA PELANGGAN NAAVAGREEN NATURAL SKIN CARE YOGYAKARTA. Jurnal Analisis Bisnis Ekonomi , 14 (1), 65-75.","type":"Table"},{"left":324,"top":595,"width":197,"height":73,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Kodu, S. (2013). Harga, kualitas produk dan kualitas pelayanan pengaruhnya terhadap keputusan pembelian mobil Toyota avanza. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis dan Akuntansi ,","type":"Text"},{"left":360,"top":671,"width":23,"height":10,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"1 (3).","type":"Text"},{"left":324,"top":696,"width":196,"height":36,"page_number":4,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Putro, S. W. (2014). Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan dan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan dan","type":"Text"},{"left":121,"top":77,"width":161,"height":35,"page_number":5,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Loyalitas Konsumen Restoran Happy Garden. Jurnal Strategi Pemasaran , 2 (1), 1-9.","type":"Table"},{"left":86,"top":115,"width":196,"height":73,"page_number":5,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Putro, S. W. (2014). Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan dan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan dan Loyalitas Konsumen Restoran Happy Garden. Jurnal Strategi Pemasaran , 2 (1), 1-9.","type":"Table"},{"left":86,"top":190,"width":196,"height":10,"page_number":5,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Ridwan, M., Fauzi DH, A., & Bafadhal, A.","type":"Text"},{"left":121,"top":203,"width":161,"height":111,"page_number":5,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"S. (2018). PENGARUH GREEN PRODUCT, GREEN ADVERTISING DAN GREEN BRAND TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN (Survei pada Mahasiswa Jurusan Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis Angkatan 2013/2014 dan 2014/2015 Fakultas Ilmu Administrasi Universitas","type":"Table"},{"left":121,"top":317,"width":160,"height":10,"page_number":5,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Brawijaya Konsumen Air Minum","type":"Text"},{"left":360,"top":77,"width":160,"height":10,"page_number":5,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Kemasan Mer. Jurnal Administrasi","type":"Text"},{"left":360,"top":89,"width":92,"height":10,"page_number":5,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Bisnis , 55 (1), 80-90.","type":"Text"},{"left":324,"top":102,"width":196,"height":10,"page_number":5,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Sugiyono, P. D. (2017). Metode Penelitian","type":"Text"},{"left":360,"top":115,"width":159,"height":22,"page_number":5,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Bisnis: Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, Kombinasi, dan R&D.","type":"Table"},{"left":324,"top":140,"width":196,"height":60,"page_number":5,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Yazia, V. (2014). Pengaruh Kualitas Produk, Harga Dan Iklan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Handphone Blackberry. Journal of Economic and Economic Education , 2 (2),","type":"Text"},{"left":360,"top":203,"width":42,"height":10,"page_number":5,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"165-173.","type":"Table"},{"left":324,"top":216,"width":196,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Imbari, S. (2018). Pengaruh Kualitas","type":"Text"},{"left":360,"top":230,"width":161,"height":66,"page_number":5,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"Pelayanan dan Kepuasan terhadap Loyalitas (Studi pada Nasabah Tabungan Bank Bca Cabang Purwakarta). Eqien: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis , 5 (1),","type":"Table"},{"left":360,"top":299,"width":31,"height":11,"page_number":5,"page_width":612,"page_height":792,"text":"40-50.","type":"List item"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"left\": 305,\n \"top\": 723,\n \"width\": 13,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"63\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 122,\n \"top\": 127,\n \"width\": 269,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Vol. 7 No. 1 Februari 2020 P - ISSN\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 194,\n \"top\": 141,\n \"width\": 62,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \": 2503-4413\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 122,\n \"top\": 155,\n \"width\": 54,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"E - ISSN\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 194,\n \"top\": 155,\n \"width\": 124,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \": 2654-5837, Hal 63 – 67\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 105,\n \"top\": 181,\n \"width\": 411,\n \"height\": 25,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"PENGARUH GREEN MARKETING DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK ORIFLAME PURWAKARTA\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 162,\n \"top\": 222,\n \"width\": 298,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Oleh : Amna Mawardi Program Studi Manajemen – STIE DR. KHEZ. MUTTAQIEN Email : amnamawardi@gmail.com\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 91,\n \"top\": 285,\n \"width\": 436,\n \"height\": 238,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"DOI Artikel : https://doi.org/10.34308/eqien.v7i1.122 Article Info Abstract Article History : Received 10 Feb - 2020 Accepted 20 Feb - 2020 Available Online 28 Feb - 2020 The Research aimed to determine factors that influencing the purchase decision of oriflame’s product. This research was take in two variables that affect the decision to purchase the green marketing (X1) and Product Quality (X2). Data collection using non-probability technique and the kind of the purposive sampling spread at les 100 respondents in Purwakarta that are active and ever of Oriflame’s consumer products. The research analyzed through the software SPSS 22. The outcome of this research, in partial such green marketing and the product quality have had a significant positive impact of the purchase decision. The whole dependent variable simultaneously influence of the purchase decision with F value count 55,587 and the economic situation of significant 0,000 < 0.05. R square value showed the results of 0,534 having meaning that whole of dependent variable influential simultaneously as many as 53,4 %.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 91,\n \"top\": 539,\n \"width\": 141,\n \"height\": 36,\n \"page_number\": 1,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Keyword : Green Marketing, Product Quality, Purchase Decision.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 305,\n \"top\": 723,\n \"width\": 13,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"64\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 86,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"PENDAHULUAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 102,\n \"width\": 213,\n \"height\": 111,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Kesadaran masyarakat di berbagai belahan dunia tentang pentingnya menjaga kelestarian lingkungan hidup semakin meningkat. Terjadinya pemanasan global membuat masyarakat semakin berhati-hati menggunakan berbagai produk yang dikhawatirkan dapat menambah level pemanasan global pada level yang membahayakan umat manusia\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 216,\n \"width\": 108,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"(Situmorang,2011:131).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 228,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 86,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Dengan kondisi konsumen global yang mulai sadar pada kelestarian lingkungan hidup makan muncul permintaan baru dengan produk yang berbasis ramah lingkungan. Maka dari itu munculah konsep pemasan baru yang berwawasan lingkungan atau biasa disebut dengan green marketing (pemasaran hijau).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 317,\n \"width\": 227,\n \"height\": 402,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Salah satu hal yang menjadi perhatian publik yang belakangan ini marak diberitakan yaitu dalam bidang kecantikan khususnya kosmetik dan skincare . Penggunaan bahan kimia berbahaya dalam produk kecantikan maupun skincare membuat para konsumen produk kecantikan dan skincare menjadi was-was dan lebih selektif dalam pemilihan produk yang akan mereka konsumsi. Salah satu peusahaan kosmetik dan skincare yang menerapkan konsep green marketing adalah perusahaan kosmetik dan skincareOriflame . Perusahaan yang baik mempunyai komitmen untuk memenuhi kebutuhan konsumennya dengan selalu melakukan pembaruan – pembaruan dari waktu ke waktu. Namun, konsumen mempunyai kepuasan yang berbeda-beda sehingga berpengaruh kepada keputusan pembelian, hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari data pendapatan penjualan produk Oriflame sebagai berikut. Terjadinya fluktuasi volume penjualan pada produk oriflame ini diduga dikarenakan beberapa faktor penyebab, hal ini dapat dilihat dari penelitian Pra-Survey yang dilakukan pada tanggal 01 Maret 2019 pada 30 orang responden yang mengisi kuesioner mengenai Keputusan pembelian Produk Oriflame Purwakarta. Dapat dilihat bahwa 62% dari 100% memilih kualitas produk, dan 20% responden memilih produk berbahan dasar alami yang mewakili green marketing , promosi, harga dan brand image juga\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 327,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 216,\n \"height\": 162,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian oriflame dipurwakarta, hanya saja pengaruhnya lebih redah daripada kualitas produk dan produk berbahan dasar alami yang mewakili green marketing , hal tersebut menunjukan bahwa kualitas produk dan produk berbahan dasar alami yang mewakili green marketing berpengaruh cukup besar pada keputusan pembelian sehingga mempengaruhi penulis untuk mengambil variable tersebut. Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas maka penulis kemudian mengambil judul “Pengaruh Green Marketing ,dan Kualitas Produk\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 327,\n \"top\": 254,\n \"width\": 210,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Terhadap keputusan pembelian produk\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 327,\n \"top\": 266,\n \"width\": 208,\n \"height\": 36,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Oriflame Purwakarta” KERANGKA PEMIKIRAN DAN\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 327,\n \"top\": 304,\n \"width\": 157,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"PENGEMBANGAN HIPOTESIS\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 327,\n \"top\": 317,\n \"width\": 82,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Green Marketing\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 327,\n \"top\": 330,\n \"width\": 207,\n \"height\": 124,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Menurut American Marketing Association ( AMA , 1975) dalam yazdanifard (2011:637) dalam Sultan (2016) mendefinisikan green marketing sebagai pemasaran produk yang dianggap aman bagi lingkungan, dengan menggabungkan berbagai kegiatan seperti modifikasi produk, perubahan proses produksi, kemasan, dan strategi iklan.pengoperasian dan perbaikan, dan atribut bernilai lainnya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 327,\n \"top\": 457,\n \"width\": 78,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Kualitas Produk\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 327,\n \"top\": 469,\n \"width\": 210,\n \"height\": 238,\n \"page_number\": 2,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Salah satu nilai utama yang diharapkan oleh pelanggan dari produsen adalah kualitas produk dan jasa yang tertinggi (Ade Nurhayati, 2014). Menurut Kotler and Armstrong (2004:283) dalam Shandy, dkk (2014:3) arti dari kualitas produk adalah “the ability of a product to perform its functions, it includes the product’s overall durability, reliability, precision, ease of operation and repair, and other valued attributes” Artinya kualitas produk berhubungan erat dengan kemampuan produk untuk menjalankan fungsinya, termasuk keseluruhan produk, keandalan, ketepatan, kemudahan Menurut Morgan dan Cerullo dalam Julian dan Ropi (2016) Keputusan ialah sebuah kesimpulan yang dicapai sesudah dilakukan pertimbangan, yang terjadi setelah satu kemungkinan dipilih, sementara yang lain dikesampingkan .\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 304,\n \"top\": 737,\n \"width\": 13,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"65\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 106,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Keputusan Pembelian\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 102,\n \"width\": 210,\n \"height\": 136,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Keputusan Pembelian menurut Swastha dan Irawan dalam Setiawan, dkk (2017) menyatakan bahwa keputusan pembelian adalah pemahaman konsumen tentang keinginan dan kebutuhan akan suatu produk dengan menilai dari sumber-sumber yang ada dengan menetapkan tujuan pembelian serta mengidentifikasi alternative sehingga pengambil keputusan untuk membeli yang disertai dengan perilaku setelah melakukan pembelian.\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 241,\n \"width\": 120,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"METODE PENELITIAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 254,\n \"width\": 215,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Pengujian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu yang pertama uji instrumen atau data, melalui uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, normalitas, dan heteroskedastisitas. dan yang kedua yaitu uji hipotesis melalui Uji T dan Uji F.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 330,\n \"width\": 142,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 342,\n \"width\": 210,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Dari hasil persamaan regresi linier berganda dapat dijelaskan sebagai berikut:\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 104,\n \"top\": 368,\n \"width\": 197,\n \"height\": 98,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"1. Konstanta (β0) memiliki nilai 1,634 menunjukan bahwa jika nilai X1 dan X2 sama dengan nol, maka nilai Y sebesar 1,634. Dalam kata lain bahwa Keputusan Pembelian hanya terwujud sejumlah 1,634 tanpa adanya Green Marketing dan Kualitas Produk.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 104,\n \"top\": 469,\n \"width\": 192,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"2. Koefisien regresi variabel Green\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 122,\n \"top\": 481,\n \"width\": 177,\n \"height\": 187,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Marketing X1 adalah sebesar 0,222. Artinya jika variabel independen lain nilainya tetap dan nilai dari Green Marketing mengalami kenaikan 1 poin, maka nilai dari Keputusan Pembelian akan mengalami kenaikan sebesar 0,222 poin. Begitupula sebaliknya, jika variabel independen lain nilainya tetap dan nilai dari Green Marketing mengalami penurunan sebesar 0,222 poin. Dalam hal ini pengaruh dari variabel independen Green Marketing adalah berbanding lurus dengan Keputusan Pembelian, artinya semakin meningkat\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 122,\n \"top\": 671,\n \"width\": 174,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Green Marketing maka nilai dari\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 122,\n \"top\": 77,\n \"width\": 420,\n \"height\": 642,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Keputusan Pembelian juga akan semakin meningkat, begitu pula sebaliknya. 3. Koefisien regresi variabel Kualitas Produk X2 adalah sebesar 0,457. Artinya jika variabel independen lain nilainya tetap dan nilai dari Kualitas Produk mengalami kenaikan 1 poin, maka nilai dari Keputusan Pembelian akan mengalami\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 363,\n \"top\": 165,\n \"width\": 171,\n \"height\": 111,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"kenaikan sebesar 0,457 poin. Begitupula sebaliknya, jika variabel independen lain nilainya tetap dan nilai dari Kualitas Produk mengalami penurunan sebesar 0,457 poin. Dalam hal ini pengaruh dari variabel independen Kualitas Produk adalah berbanding lurus dengan Keputusan Pembelian, artinya semakin\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 363,\n \"top\": 279,\n \"width\": 168,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"meningkat Kualitas Produk maka nilai dari Keputusan Pembelian juga akan semakin meningkat, begitu pula sebaliknya.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 345,\n \"top\": 330,\n \"width\": 189,\n \"height\": 136,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Berdasarkan dari nilai R Square dapat diartikan juga bahwa Green Marketing dan Kualitas Produk mampu mempengaruhi Keputusan Pembelian sebesar 53,4% atau dengan kata lain pemilihan Keputusan Pembeliansebagai faktor yang dipengaruhi Green Marketing dan Kualitas Produk sudah tepat, dan sisanya sebesar 46,6% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain selain faktor Green Marketing dan Kualitas Produk.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 327,\n \"top\": 482,\n \"width\": 142,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 327,\n \"top\": 494,\n \"width\": 210,\n \"height\": 137,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Secara parsial Green Marketing dan Kualitas Produkmemiliki pengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian. Secara bersama – sama (simultan), kedua variabel Green Marketing dan Kualitas Produk berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap Keputusan Pembelian. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua variable tersebut secara bersamaan dapat memberikan kontribusi yang besar pada Keputusan Pembelian produk Oirflame Purwakarta.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 327,\n \"top\": 633,\n \"width\": 207,\n \"height\": 99,\n \"page_number\": 3,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Perkembangan teknologi informasi saat ini semakin berkembang dengan pesat, sehingga diharapkan PT. Orindo Alam Ayu dan seluruh SPO (Service Point Oriflame) yang ada di Purwakarta sebagai distributor resmi Oriflame agar lebih memberikan informasi yang lebih update, detail dan akurat mengenai produk yang ditawarkan kepada\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 304,\n \"top\": 737,\n \"width\": 13,\n \"height\": 9,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"66\",\n \"type\": \"Page footer\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 77,\n \"width\": 204,\n \"height\": 60,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"konsumen, sehingga konsumen dapat mengetahui informasi mengenai produk oriflame yang berbasis produk alami dan memiliki kualitas poduk yang baik dan tentu saja aman untuk digunakan, sehingga\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 327,\n \"top\": 77,\n \"width\": 213,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"konsumen yang muali beralih menggunakan produk alami dapat memutuskan keputusan pembelian pada produk oriflame.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 153,\n \"width\": 63,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"REFERENSI\",\n \"type\": \"Section header\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 165,\n \"width\": 205,\n \"height\": 61,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Dewi, A. N. K. (2016). Pengaruh Harga, Kualitas, Kondisi Pasar dan Lokasi Pasar terhadap Preferensi Konsumen dalam Berbelanja di Pasar Tradisional. Eqien: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis ,\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 228,\n \"width\": 24,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"3 (2).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 241,\n \"width\": 204,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Soenawan, A. D., Malonda, E. S., & Aprilia,\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 254,\n \"width\": 208,\n \"height\": 161,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"A. (2015). Pengaruh Kualitas Produk, Kualitas Pelayanan dan Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen D’Stupid Baker Spazio Graha Family Surabaya. Jurnal Hospitality dan Manajemen Jasa , 3 (2), 395-409. Basrah Saidani, Samsul Arifin, 2012. Pengaruh Kualitas Produk Dan Kualitas Layanan Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen Dan Minat Beli Pada Ranch Market. Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sains Indonesia (Jrmsi) |Vol. 3, No. 1\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 418,\n \"width\": 205,\n \"height\": 61,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Saidani, B., & Arifin, S. (2012). Pengaruh kualitas produk dan kualitas layanan terhadap kepuasan konsumen dan minat beli pada ranch market. JRMSI-Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sains Indonesia , 3 (1),\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 114,\n \"top\": 481,\n \"width\": 26,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"1-22.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 494,\n \"width\": 205,\n \"height\": 99,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Ahmad, F., Lapian, J., & Soegoto, A. S. (2016). Analisis Green Product dan Green Marketing Strategy terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk The Body Shop di Manado Town Square. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis dan Akuntansi , 4 (1).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 595,\n \"width\": 196,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Syafrina, I., & Hidayat, R. (2016). Pengaruh\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 121,\n \"top\": 608,\n \"width\": 161,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Green Product (tissue Tessa) Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (studi Kasus Wilayah Kabupaten Bandung Dan Kota Bandung Tahun\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 121,\n \"top\": 658,\n \"width\": 161,\n \"height\": 23,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"2016). eProceedings of Applied Science , 2 (2).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 684,\n \"width\": 196,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Weenas, J. R. (2013). Kualitas produk, harga, promosi dan kualitas pelayanan pengaruhnya terhadap keputusan pembelian Spring Bed\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 360,\n \"top\": 152,\n \"width\": 160,\n \"height\": 36,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Comforta. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis dan Akuntansi , 1 (4).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 324,\n \"top\": 190,\n \"width\": 196,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Sy, J. S. P. M., & Marlina, R. (2016).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 360,\n \"top\": 203,\n \"width\": 160,\n \"height\": 48,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Preferensi Nasabah Memilih Bank Syariah Dilihat dari Aspek Karakteristik Nasabah. Eqien: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis , 3 (2),\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 360,\n \"top\": 254,\n \"width\": 31,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"48-62.\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 324,\n \"top\": 266,\n \"width\": 196,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Ridwan, M., Fauzi DH, A., & Bafadhal, A.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 360,\n \"top\": 279,\n \"width\": 160,\n \"height\": 136,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"S. (2018). PENGARUH GREEN PRODUCT, GREEN ADVERTISING DAN GREEN BRAND TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN (Survei pada Mahasiswa Jurusan Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis Angkatan 2013/2014 dan 2014/2015 Fakultas Ilmu Administrasi Universitas Brawijaya Konsumen Air Minum Kemasan Mer. Jurnal Administrasi\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 360,\n \"top\": 418,\n \"width\": 92,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Bisnis , 55 (1), 80-90.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 324,\n \"top\": 431,\n \"width\": 196,\n \"height\": 60,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Irandust, M., & Bamdad, N. (2014). The Role of Customer's Believability and Attitude in Green Purchase Intention. Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 360,\n \"top\": 494,\n \"width\": 158,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Management Review , 33 (2534), 1-\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 360,\n \"top\": 507,\n \"width\": 11,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"7.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 324,\n \"top\": 519,\n \"width\": 196,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Sigit, M. (2016). GREEN MARKETING\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 360,\n \"top\": 532,\n \"width\": 160,\n \"height\": 61,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"TERHADAP MINAT BELI PADA PELANGGAN NAAVAGREEN NATURAL SKIN CARE YOGYAKARTA. Jurnal Analisis Bisnis Ekonomi , 14 (1), 65-75.\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 324,\n \"top\": 595,\n \"width\": 197,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Kodu, S. (2013). Harga, kualitas produk dan kualitas pelayanan pengaruhnya terhadap keputusan pembelian mobil Toyota avanza. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis dan Akuntansi ,\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 360,\n \"top\": 671,\n \"width\": 23,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"1 (3).\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 324,\n \"top\": 696,\n \"width\": 196,\n \"height\": 36,\n \"page_number\": 4,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Putro, S. W. (2014). Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan dan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan dan\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 121,\n \"top\": 77,\n \"width\": 161,\n \"height\": 35,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Loyalitas Konsumen Restoran Happy Garden. Jurnal Strategi Pemasaran , 2 (1), 1-9.\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 115,\n \"width\": 196,\n \"height\": 73,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Putro, S. W. (2014). Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan dan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan dan Loyalitas Konsumen Restoran Happy Garden. Jurnal Strategi Pemasaran , 2 (1), 1-9.\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 86,\n \"top\": 190,\n \"width\": 196,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Ridwan, M., Fauzi DH, A., & Bafadhal, A.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 121,\n \"top\": 203,\n \"width\": 161,\n \"height\": 111,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"S. (2018). PENGARUH GREEN PRODUCT, GREEN ADVERTISING DAN GREEN BRAND TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN (Survei pada Mahasiswa Jurusan Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis Angkatan 2013/2014 dan 2014/2015 Fakultas Ilmu Administrasi Universitas\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 121,\n \"top\": 317,\n \"width\": 160,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Brawijaya Konsumen Air Minum\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 360,\n \"top\": 77,\n \"width\": 160,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Kemasan Mer. Jurnal Administrasi\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 360,\n \"top\": 89,\n \"width\": 92,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Bisnis , 55 (1), 80-90.\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 324,\n \"top\": 102,\n \"width\": 196,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Sugiyono, P. D. (2017). Metode Penelitian\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 360,\n \"top\": 115,\n \"width\": 159,\n \"height\": 22,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Bisnis: Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, Kombinasi, dan R&D.\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 324,\n \"top\": 140,\n \"width\": 196,\n \"height\": 60,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Yazia, V. (2014). Pengaruh Kualitas Produk, Harga Dan Iklan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Handphone Blackberry. Journal of Economic and Economic Education , 2 (2),\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 360,\n \"top\": 203,\n \"width\": 42,\n \"height\": 10,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"165-173.\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 324,\n \"top\": 216,\n \"width\": 196,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Imbari, S. (2018). Pengaruh Kualitas\",\n \"type\": \"Text\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 360,\n \"top\": 230,\n \"width\": 161,\n \"height\": 66,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"Pelayanan dan Kepuasan terhadap Loyalitas (Studi pada Nasabah Tabungan Bank Bca Cabang Purwakarta). Eqien: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis , 5 (1),\",\n \"type\": \"Table\"\n },\n {\n \"left\": 360,\n \"top\": 299,\n \"width\": 31,\n \"height\": 11,\n \"page_number\": 5,\n \"page_width\": 612,\n \"page_height\": 792,\n \"text\": \"40-50.\",\n \"type\": \"List item\"\n }\n]"}}}],"truncated":false,"partial":true},"paginationData":{"pageIndex":14,"numItemsPerPage":100,"numTotalItems":120853,"offset":1400,"length":100}},"jwt":"eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSJ9.eyJyZWFkIjp0cnVlLCJwZXJtaXNzaW9ucyI6eyJyZXBvLmNvbnRlbnQucmVhZCI6dHJ1ZX0sImlhdCI6MTc0ODk0MjY2NCwic3ViIjoiL2RhdGFzZXRzL1dpa2lkZXBpYS9pZF9zY2hvbGFyX2h1cmlkb2NzIiwiZXhwIjoxNzQ4OTQ2MjY0LCJpc3MiOiJodHRwczovL2h1Z2dpbmdmYWNlLmNvIn0.2ggsmIOzCGJ9poKoD5fnWJghAnGBO6eFFRtj136IwvZphZQHTuiYEiUhziNiGT6YZF6Q7E3LpUqrGtcOBJdvAQ","displayUrls":true},"discussionsStats":{"closed":0,"open":0,"total":0},"fullWidth":true,"hasGatedAccess":true,"hasFullAccess":true,"isEmbedded":false,"savedQueries":{"community":[],"user":[]}}">
id
stringlengths 36
36
| url
stringlengths 48
111
| data
listlengths 0
6.3k
|
|---|---|---|
7af4ce17-a14d-38d0-170c-8ef3bbeaba67 | https://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/jurnalkpk/article/download/41211/75676586213 | [
{
"left": 114,
"top": 116,
"width": 443,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "MENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MENGGUNAKAN PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING PADA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 144,
"width": 203,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "MATERI TRIGONOMETRI DI SMA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 260,
"top": 183,
"width": 151,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sri Sukwantini SMA Negeri 1 Pontianak Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 314,
"top": 240,
"width": 44,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 253,
"width": 405,
"height": 199,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dalam pembelajaran matematika materi trigonometri kelas XI MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Pontianak masih banyak yang dibawah KKM terutama dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal. Oleh karena itu perlu suatu upaya untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar materi tersebut, yaitu melalui implementasi pembelajaran kooperatif problem based learning. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa menggunakan pembelajaran kooperatif problem based learning kelas XI MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Pontianak. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI MIPA 1 yang berjumlah 34 siswa, seorang guru matematika dan seorang pengamat. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa hasil belajar siswa dan hasil pengamatan guru. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan dua siklus. Tiap siklus meliputi 4 (empat) tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, pengamatan observer, dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) ketuntasan belajar siswa pada siklus pertama sebesar 55% dengan nilai rata-rata 74,5 dan pada siklus kedua sebesar 100% dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 95. Skor aktivitas guru pada siklus pertama adalah sebesar 71,9% dengan predikat cukup, sedangkan pada siklus kedua adalah sebesar 88,3% dengan predikat sangat baik. Dari data tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran kooperatif problem based learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 461,
"width": 268,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Keywords: Problem based learning, Trigonometri, SMA",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 498,
"width": 88,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 510,
"width": 214,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Matematika merupakan ilmu dasar yang mendasari perkembangan ilmu-ilmu lain dan hampir setiap kegiatan manusia berhubungan dengan matematika. Hal itu sejalan dengan ungkapan yang diutarakan Freudenthal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 571,
"width": 213,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "(2000:781) yaitu “Mathematics for life on mathematics as a human activities“ artinya matematika merupakan sebuah aktivitas yang berlaku dan bermanfaat dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Oleh karena itu mata pelajaran matematika menjadi satu diantara mata pelajaran yang sangat penting untuk diajarkan di sekolah. Peran penting pelajaran matematika tersebut seharusnya mampu membuat pelajaran matematika menjadi satu diantara mata",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 498,
"width": 213,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "pelajaran yang menyenangkan dan diminati peserta didik. Namun, sampai saat ini masih banyak peserta didik yang merasa matematika sebagai mata pelajaran yang sulit. Sehingga hal tersebut berdampak pada rendahnya hasil belajar peserta didik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 574,
"width": 213,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Matematika merupakan salah satu ilmu dasar untuk melatih berpikir kritis, sistimatis, logis, kreatif dan kemampuan bekerja sama yang efektif. Cara berpikir seperti itu dapat dikembangkan melalui belajar matematika, karena metematika memiliki struktur serta keterkaitan yang kuat dan jelas antar konsepnya sehingga melatih kita terampil berpikir rasional. Konsep matematika secara formal dikenal sejak sekolah dasar sampai keperguruan tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 60,
"width": 280,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Kajian Pembelajaran dan Keilmuan Vol. 3 No.2, November 2019 – Maret 2020",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 538,
"top": 59,
"width": 15,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "174",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 213,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pengenalan konsep matematika dilakukan mulai dari hal sederhana sampai yang kompleks. Selama 18 tahun mengajar peneliti banyak menemukan peserta didik menggunakan konsep yang salah dalam pembelajaran terutama pada materi trigonometri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 192,
"width": 214,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dalam silabus Kurikulum 2013 kelas XI MIPA SMA memiliki 8 buah indikator. Indikator yang harus dicapai dalam pembelajaran yang berkaitan dengan penelitian ini, yaitu : (1) menganalisis rumus jumlah dan selisih trigonometri sehingga dapat membuat kesimpulan mengenai rumus jumlah dan selisih trigonometri dan penerapannya pada masalah nyata, (2) Menyelesaikan solusi dari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 306,
"width": 213,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan rumus jumlah dan selisih sinus atau cosinus, (3) menyajikan penyelesaian masalah yang berkaitan dengan rumus jumlah dan selisih sinus atau cosinus, (4) Menganalisis rumus perkalian sudut trigonometri sehingga dapat membuat kesimpulan mengenai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 116,
"width": 213,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "rumus perkalian sudut trigonometri, (5) menyajikan solusi dari permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan rumus perkalian sudut trigonometri dan penerapannya pada masalah nyata, (6) Menyajikan penyelesaian masalah yang berkaitan dengan rumus perkalian sudut trigonometri, sehingga dapat membuat kesimpulan mengenai rumus sudut rangkap trigonometri. Namun kenyataan, sebagian besar peserta didik tahun pelajaran 2018/2019 banyak mengalami kesulitan tentang materi trigonometri. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan beberapa sumber informasi sebagai berikut : (1) hasil belajar; (2) wawancara dengan kolega mata pelajaran serumpun; (3) catatan jurnal guru; (4) hasil supervisi kepala sekolah. Keempat sumber data tersebut mengungkapkan beberapa penyebab yang terkait dengan hasil belajar yang diperoleh peserta didik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 344,
"width": 213,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penilaian harian materi trigonometri tahun pelajaran 2018/2019",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 369,
"width": 193,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "disajikan rekapitulasi tabel sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 394,
"width": 438,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 1. Rekapitulasi Hasil Nilai Harian Materi Trigonometri Matematika Kelas XI MIPA 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 407,
"width": 368,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "SMA Negeri 1 Pontianak Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019 No Ragam Data Skor/Jumlah 1 Banyak peserta didik yang tuntas (di atas KKM) 14 2 Banyak peserta didik yang tidak tuntas (di bawah KKM) 18 3 Rata-rata 67 4 Skor tertinggi 97 5 Skor terendah 20 6 Standar Deviasi 26 Banyak siswa = 32 orang",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 538,
"width": 214,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dari data tabel 1.1 di atas, dapat diuraikan sebagai berikut. Banyak peserta didik yang tuntas hanya 14 siswa dari 32 siswa sekitar 44% tergolong rendah ini disebabkan tidak adanya minat belajar siswa. Rata-rata nilai dari materi logika matematika adalah 67. Nilai ini sangat jauh dari kriteria ketuntasan minimal yaitu 76. Melihat nilai siswa pada tahun lalu, perlu adanya upaya yang dilakukan oleh guru untuk memperoleh nilai diatas kriteria ketuntasan minimal. Sedangkan skor tertinggi 97 dan skor terendah 20, menunjukkan rentang yang sangat jauh berbeda. Perlu dilakukan tindakan agar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 538,
"width": 213,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "rentang nilai siswa tidak terlalu jauh berbeda. Skor tertinggi sebesar 97 diperoleh dua orang siswa, yang memang pada saat pembelajaran dua siswa ini menunjukkan partisipasi yang baik dalam pembelajaran. Sedangkan skor terendah sebesar 20, skor terendah ini dimiliki oleh siswa yang memang jarang masuk sekolah dan jarang mengerjakan tugas-tugas sekolah, tidak memperhatikan guru ketika pembelajaran, serta sering duduk pada tempat duduk yang paling pojok dari belakang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 677,
"width": 213,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil catatan jurnal guru selama satu bulan terakhir dalam proses",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 60,
"width": 280,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Kajian Pembelajaran dan Keilmuan Vol. 3 No.2, November 2019 – Maret 2020",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 538,
"top": 59,
"width": 15,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "175",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 213,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "pembelajaran dikelas ditemukan beberapa hal berikut. Pertama, banyak siswa kurang fokus dalam proses pembelajaran. Kedua, banyak diantara mereka sibuk sendiri, bercanda dengan teman sebangku. Ketiga, keterlibatan dalam proses pembelajaran kurang. Keempat, siswa terlalu tegang dan tidak berani untuk mengemukakan pendapatnya. Ketidakberanian tersebut dapat terjadi dikarenakan takut jawaban yang dikerjakan salah, sehingga ditafsirkan lain oleh temannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 255,
"width": 214,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dan yang terakhir dari supervisi kepala sekolah dan pengawas satuan pendidikan pada semester lalu, guru/peneliti diberikan masukan bahwa masih kurang terjadi interaksi antara guru dan siswa. Sedangkan siswa dengan siswa juga kurang interaksi sehingga disarankan untuk membuat suatu model pembelajaran yang melibatkan peran aktif siswa. Baik antar sesama siswa maupun antar siswa dengan guru. Memperhatikan kondisi pembelajaran yang telah diungkapkan guru/peneliti, dapat diungkapkan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI MIPA tahun pelajaran 2018/2019 tergolong rendah. Ini disebabkan oleh beberapa hal, antara lain : (1) kurang aktifnya siswa dalam proses pembelajaran; (2) siswa tidak berani mengeluarkan pendapatnya; (3) proses yang dilakukan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 180,
"top": 470,
"width": 85,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "guru monoton",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 470,
"width": 214,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "sehingga membosankan bagi siswa. Berdasarkan ketiga hal tersebut, perlu adanya suatu inovasi atau perubahan dalam pembelajaran matematika dalam menekankan siswa berpikir kritis dan mau mengemukakan pendapat. Salah satu nya yaitu pembelajaran berbasis masalah (Problem Based Learning). Dalam pembelajaran ini siswa diajak untuk berpikir kritis, mengungkapkan pendapatnya, dan mereka saling bertanya dan berbagi-bagi informasi. Pembelajaran lebih terpusat pada siswa, sedangkan guru sebagai fasilitator saja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 635,
"width": 214,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Menurut Erman Suherman, (dalam Bistari, 2015: 320) menyatakan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah sebagai pola interaksi siswa dengan guru di dalam kelas yang menyangkut strategi, pendekatan, metode dan teknik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 116,
"width": 214,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "pembelajaran yang diterapkan dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan belajar mengajar dikelas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 154,
"width": 126,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 166,
"width": 208,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilakukan oleh guru mata pelajaran matematika di SMA Negeri 1 Pontianak. Dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari beberapa siklus, masing-masing siklus terdiri dari 2 kali pertemuan. Setiap tahapan siklus terdiri dari perencanaan tindakan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi tindakan, refleksi terhadap tindakan. Hasil refleksi siklus I digunakan untuk perbaikan rencana tindakan pada siklus berikutnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 306,
"width": 209,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini dilaksanakan di kelas XI MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Pontianak kota Pontianak pada semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2019/2020 pada materi trigonometri matematika. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah : (1) Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP), dalam penelitian ini RPP yang digunakan menggunakan metode pembelajaran kooperatif Problem Based Learning (PBL). (2) Perencanaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 432,
"width": 209,
"height": 263,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "pembelajaran adalah semua langkah kegiatan pembelajaran dari beberapa siklus yang menggunakan metode pembelajaran kooperatif Problem Based Learning (PBL). (3) Lembar observasi, digunakan sebagai acuan untuk melakukan observasi/pengamatan guna memperoleh data yang diinginkan. Lembar observasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar observasi guru dalam proses pembelajaran metematika dengan menggunakan kooperatif Problem Based Learning (PBL). (4) Soal Tes, Digunakan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa terhadap materi yang dipelajari. Tes yang diberikan kepada siswa meliputi postest dari setiap siklus. Soal tes yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes tertulis yang berbentuk essay. Tes bentuk essay ini digunakan sejalan dengan pendapat Sudjana (1999: 36) yang menyatakan “melalui tes essay ini para siswa dapat mengungkapkan aspek",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 60,
"width": 280,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Kajian Pembelajaran dan Keilmuan Vol. 3 No.2, November 2019 – Maret 2020",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 538,
"top": 59,
"width": 15,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "176",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 208,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "kognitif, menyusun dan mengekspresikan gagasannya serta tidak kalah pentingnya adalah guru secara tidak langsung melihat proses berpikir siswa dalam memecahkan masalah”. Selain penulisan butir soal juga disusun kisi-kisi, kunci jawaban, dan pedoman penskoran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 204,
"width": 209,
"height": 251,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD), Menurut Depdiknas (2008) lembar kerja peserta didik (LKPD) adalah lembaran- lembaran berisi tugas yang harus dikerjakan oleh peserta didik. Lembar kegiatan biasanya berupa petunjuk, langkah-langkah untuk menyelesaikan suatu tugas. Menurut Trianto (2009: 222) lembar kerja peserta didik (LKPD) dapat berupa panduan untuk latihan pengembangan aspek kognitif maupun panduan untuk pengembangan semua aspek pembelajaran dalam bentuk panduan eksperimen atau demonstrasi. Trianto (2009: 223) menambahkan bahwa LKPD memuat sekumpulan kegiatan mendasar yang harus dilakukan oleh peserta didik untuk memaksimalkan pemahaman dalam upaya pembentukan kemampuan dasar sesuai indikator pencapaian hasil belajar yang harus ditempuh.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 457,
"width": 214,
"height": 175,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Prosedur penelitian tindakan meliputi empat tahapan, yaitu tahapan perencanaan tindakan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi tindakan dan refleksi terhadap tindakan. Langkah-langkah Penelitian yang dilakukan antara lain: (1) Perencanaan Tindakan: a. Membuat Instrument pembelajaran yang terdiri dari Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) yang menggunakan metode pembelajaran kooperatif Problem Based Learning (PBL), b. Membuat Instrument lembar observasi guru dalam pembelajaran matematika menggunakan kooperatif Problem Based Learning (PBL), c. Menyiapkan LKPD",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 635,
"width": 208,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "untuk membantu siswa memahami materi yang diajarkan, d. Menyusun soal post test untuk mengukur hasil belajar siswa. (2) Pelaksanaan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 672,
"width": 47,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tindakan,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 672,
"width": 209,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Secara umum kegiatan implementasi tindakan meliputi : pada awal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 116,
"width": 209,
"height": 377,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "kegiatan siwa diberikan penjelasan singkat tentang tugas yang harus dikerjakan dengan berdiskusi kelompok yang terdidri atas 4 atau 5 orang secara acak. (3) Observasi Tindakan: Kegiatan observasi adalah melakukan monitoring terhadap pelaksanaan tindakan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan kooperatif Problem Based Learning (PBL) dengan menggunakan lembar observasi guru yang telah dibuat kemudian dicatat kejadian- kejadian selama pembelajaran berlangsung setelah adanya obsevasi dilakukan evaluasi. (4) Refleksi Terhadap Tindakan: Pada tahap refleksi ini dilakukan dengan cara mendiskusikan masalah hasil yang diperoleh pada tahap observasi. Jika belum memenuhi target, maka penelitian dilanjutkan ke siklus berikutnya dan kelemahan/kekurangan yang terjadi pada siklus sebelumnya di buatkan dalam bentuk laporan untuk mempermudah dalam memperbaikinya serta untuk mengetahui kekurangan maupun kelemahan yang dilakukan. Hasil analisis siklus I diperbaiki pada siklus II sehingga pembelajaran siklus II diharapkan lebih maksimal daripada siklus I. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan dalam proses pembelajaran kooperatif Problem Based Learning yaitu: (1) Hasil observasi guru mengenai proses kegiatan pembelajaran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 431,
"top": 483,
"width": 34,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "dengan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 483,
"width": 209,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "menggunakan pembelajaran kooperatif Problem Based",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 508,
"width": 209,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Learning diambil menggunakan lembar observasi guru. (2) Data peningkatan hasil belajar siswa diambil dari data posttest (tes akhir) setelah kegiatan pembelajaran pada setiap siklus. (3) Data hasil Refleksi diri diambil dengan menggunakan laporan. Data hasil Penelitian akan dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk tiap siklus. Hal ini bermanfaat untuk rencana perbaikan pembelajaran pada siklus berikutnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 60,
"width": 280,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Kajian Pembelajaran dan Keilmuan Vol. 3 No.2, November 2019 – Maret 2020",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 538,
"top": 59,
"width": 15,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "177",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 208,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Analisis Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Dengan Menggunakan Kooperatif Problem Based",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 141,
"width": 45,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Learning",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 154,
"width": 209,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Data pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang terdapat pada lembar observasi guru dalam menggunakan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 179,
"width": 209,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "pembelajaran kooperatif Problem Based Learning , catatan saat dilapangan di analisis secara deskriptif untuk setiap siklus. Hal ini bermanfaat untuk rencana",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 116,
"width": 209,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "perbaikan pembelajaran pada siklus berikutnya. Untuk menentukan keberhasilan penerapan menggunakan kooperatif Problem",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 166,
"width": 208,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Based Learning ini digunakan tingkat keberhasilan tindakan (tingkat penguasaan). Menurut Ngalim Purwanto (dalam kumaidah: 61-62) tingkat keberhasilan tindakan (tingkat penguasaan) disajikan dalam tabel berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 172,
"top": 243,
"width": 329,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 2. Tingkat Penguasaan (Tingkat Keberhasilan Tindakan)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 271,
"width": 398,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tingkat Penguasaan Nilai Huruf Bobot Predikat 86% - 100% A 4 Sangat Baik 76% - 85% B 3 Baik 60% - 75% C 2 Cukup 55% - 59% D 1 Kurang < 54% E 0 Sangat Kurang Analisis Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa Post test adalah data utama dalam melihat peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran menggunakan kooperatif",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 413,
"width": 209,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "problem Based Learning . Maksud analisis peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dalam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 362,
"width": 208,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "penelitian ini adalah siswa yang mengikuti post test pada siklus 1 dan siklus 2. Untuk mengetahui tingkat keberhasilan dari hasil post test didasarkan pada kriteria penilaian menurut Oemar Hamalik, sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 452,
"width": 402,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 3. Kriteria Penilaian Nilai Huruf Angka 0-4 Angka 0-100 Angka 0 – 10 Predikat A 4 85 – 100 8,5 – 10 Sangat Baik B 3 70 – 84 7,0 – 8,4 Baik C 2 55 – 69 5,5 – 6,9 Cukup D 1 40 – 54 4,0 – 5,4 Kurang E 0 0 – 39 0 – 3,9 Sangat Kurang",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 564,
"width": 214,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Indikator keberhasilan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini adalah : (1) Dapat dilaksanakan proses kegiatan pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan pembelajaran kooperatif Problem Based Learning pada materi logika matematika di kelas XI MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Pontianak secara optimal sehingga semua komponen utama pembelajaran kooperatif Problem Based Learning dapat dilaksanakan untuk mencapai peningkatan skor rerata aktifitas guru pada",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 564,
"width": 213,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "siklus sesudahnya lebih baik daripada siklus sebelumnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 590,
"width": 209,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jika rata-rata hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran matematika menggunakan pembelajaran kooperatif Problem Based Learning pada materi trigonometri matematika di kelas XI MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Pontianak pada siklus sesudahnya lebih baik dari pada siklus sebelumnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 60,
"width": 280,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Kajian Pembelajaran dan Keilmuan Vol. 3 No.2, November 2019 – Maret 2020",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 538,
"top": 59,
"width": 15,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "178",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 145,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 141,
"width": 214,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pada kondisi awal hasil belajar yang rendah, minat siswa dalam mengikuti pembelajaran matematika masih kurang, siswa belum berani mengajukan pertanyaan, susah berlatih soal, tidak berami mengemukakan pendapat dan kurang aktif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 230,
"width": 40,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Siklus 1",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 242,
"width": 109,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Perencanaan Tindakan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 258,
"width": 214,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dalam tahap perencanaan tindakan ini guru bertindak sebagai peneliti dan hasil yang didapat selama proses pembelajaran adalah Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) dengan menggunakan pembelajaran kooperatif Problem Based Learning (PBL) pada materi pembelajaran “Rumus Rangkap Sudut Trigonometri”. Guru sebagai peneliti menentukan seorang observer yang akan mengobserver guru untuk menilai proses pembelajaran yang disampaikan oleh guru dengan menggunakan lembar observasi guru, peneliti memberikan bimbingan khusus kepada observer mengenai proses pembelajaran kooperatif Problem Based Learning (PBL) yang akan dilaksanakan ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 473,
"width": 104,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pelaksanaan Tindakan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 486,
"width": 214,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kegiatan penelitian untuk siklus 1 dilaksanakan dalam 2 kali pertemuan yaitu pertemuan pertama dilaksanakan pada hari Jumat, tanggal 6 September 2019 jam ke 1-2 sedangkan pertemuan kedua pada hari Senin, tanggal 2019 jam ke 1-2 dengan masing-masing pertemuan berlangsung selama 2 × 45 menit. Dalam penelitian siklus 1 ini peneliti melaksanakan pembelajaran pada kompetensi dasar membedakan penggunaan jumlah dan selisih sinus dan kosinus serta menyelesaikan masalah yang berkaitan dengan rumus jumlah dan selisih sinus dan kosius.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 651,
"width": 210,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pada siklus I pertemuan pertama dengan mempraktekkan pembelajaran kooperatif Problem Based Learning (PBL) ini ± 10 menit untuk kegiatan awal, ± 15 menit untuk orientasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 348,
"top": 116,
"width": 210,
"height": 288,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "siswa pada masalah, ± 30 menit untuk mengorganisasikan siswa belajar, ± 15 menit untuk membimbing penyelidikan individu dan kelompok, dan ± 20 menit untuk mengembangkan dan menyajikan hasil karya, sedangkan untuk pertemuan kedua dilanjutkan dengan ± 20 menit untuk menganalisa dan mengevaluasi proses pemecahan masalah, ± 60 menit untuk , dan ± 10 menit untuk konfirmasi sekaligus kegiatan penutupan. Sehingga jumlah waktu seluruhnya untuk pertemuan pertama dan kedua 180 menit Untuk pelaksanaan tes akhir pembelajaran di siklus 1 dilaksanakan pada pertemuan kedua dengan alokasi waktu ± 60 menit dengan jumlah siswa yang mengikuti tes akhir pembelajaran berjumlah 35 orang, satu orang tidak mengikuti pembelajaran dikarenakan sakit. Dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar menggunakan pembelajaran kooperatif Problem Based Learning (PBL) peneliti dibantu oleh seorang observer yaitu guru mata pelajaran produktif di SMA Negeri 1 Pontianak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 419,
"width": 107,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pengamatan Tindakan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 433,
"width": 214,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pengamatan dilakukan oleh observer dari awal kegiatan pembelajaran dimulai hingga akhir kegiatan pembelajaran selesai. Dengan fokus pengamatan adalah guru/peneliti untuk mengetahui dan menilai seberapa besar tingkat penguasaan guru dalam menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif Problem Based Learning (PBL). Ada beberapa kriteria yang harus diamati oleh observer sesuai dengan isi dalam lembar observasi guru yang telah dipersiapkan sebelumnya. Untuk mengetahui kualitas guru dalam proses pembelajarannya diberikan pedoman penskoran 1-4. Dari hasil observasi ini guru telah melakukan tahapan- tahapan yang ada dalam RPP pembelajaran matematika menggunakan kooperatif Problem Based Learning (PBL) dengan tingkat penguasaan sebesar 60,5% tergolong dalam predikat cukup.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 60,
"width": 280,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Kajian Pembelajaran dan Keilmuan Vol. 3 No.2, November 2019 – Maret 2020",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 538,
"top": 59,
"width": 15,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "179",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 86,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hasil Tes Siklus 1",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 128,
"width": 214,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Setelah diadakan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan kooperatif Problem Based Learning (PBL) pada siklus 1 dengan 2 × pertemuan selama 4 jam pelajaran (180 menit), dilakukan tes akhir pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan pada hari senin, tanggal 16",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 116,
"width": 213,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "September 2019 dengan alokasi waktu selama ±60 menit diikuti oleh 35 siswa kelas XI MIPA 1, terdapat satu siswa yang tidak mengikuti post test. Sehingga hanya siswa yang terdiri dari 14 orang siswa laki-laki dan 21 orang siswa perempuan, dimana rekapitulasi hasil belajar siswa disaikan dalam tabel berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 217,
"width": 394,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 4. Rekapitulasi Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas XI MIPA 1 Siklus 1 Ketercapaian Jumlah Siswa Persentase Tuntas Belajar 16 45% Tidak Tuntas Belajar 19 55%",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 307,
"width": 101,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Analisis dan Refleksi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 319,
"width": 214,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pada tahap ini dilakukan analisis terhadap data-data yang telah diproleh, hasil observasi dan hasil belajar siswa adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 357,
"width": 214,
"height": 339,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Setelah peneliti melakukan pembelajaran di siklus 1 baik pada pertemuan pertama dan kedua, barulah dapat diketahui sejauh mana kemampuan guru ketika mengajar maupun membimbing siswa dalam menggunakan kooperatif Problem Based Learning (PBL). Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan dan catatan observer di siklus 1 dapat dilihat bahwa pada kegiatan pendahuluan guru dalam memotivasi siswa masih kategori cukup dan diharapkan pembelajaran dikaitkan dengan kehidupan sehari-hari. Pada kegiatan inti, menurut hasil observasi, guru sudah mengkondisikan pembelajaran kelompok, Dalam memotivasi siswa diharapkan guru memberikan kesempatan berpendapat bagi siswa yang kurang aktif, kemudian waktu presentasi setiap kelompok sebaiknya ditentukan agar setiap kelompok dapat menyajikan semaksimal mungkin. Untuk kegiatan tanya jawab sebaiknya guru meminta siswa untuk lebih memperhatikan sesi tanya jawab, agar pada sesi tanya jawab selanjutnya tidak ada lagi pengulangan pertanyaan yang sama. Pada kegiatan penutup, yang masih kurang adalah saat memandu membuat kesimpulan, diharapkan penarikan kesimpulan dibuat dalam bentuk contoh soal sehingga siswa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 307,
"width": 213,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "mampu mengingat isi materi yang diajarkan, guru juga tidak memberikan penghargaan kepada kelompok. Secara keseluruhan rerata aktifitas guru didalam kelas, memperoleh penilian yang dapat dikatakan cukup. Hal ini dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan perbaikan pada siklus 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 395,
"width": 213,
"height": 276,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Oleh karena itu dengan adanya kendala- kendala yang terjadi di dalam kegiatan pembelajaran pada siklus 1 ini, maka guru yang sekaligus peneliti bersama dengan rekan sejawat juga sebagai observer berusaha mencari solusi guna meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran pada siklus 2 yang belum terlaksana. Atas kesepakatan antara peneliti dan observer ada beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan dan ditingkatkan oleh guru untuk pelaksanaan pada siklus 2 nanti, yaitu (1) dalam memotivasi siswa pada kegiatan awal diharapkan guru memotivasi siswa dengan memberikan contoh pada kehitupan sehari-hari; (2) pada kegiatan inti tepatnya fase 1 siswa diminta menggaris bawahi atau menandai materi yang mereka belum pahami; (3) pada saat presentasi diminta siswa setiap kelompok untuk berbicara dan memperhatikan persentasi dari kelompok lain; (4) dalam penarikan kesimpulan guru membimbin siswa dengan memberikan contoh dalam penerapan sehari-hari.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 674,
"width": 213,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Selain dari aktifitas guru yang dilihat, hasil tes belajar siswa juga menjadi salah satu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 60,
"width": 280,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Kajian Pembelajaran dan Keilmuan Vol. 3 No.2, November 2019 – Maret 2020",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 538,
"top": 59,
"width": 15,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "180",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 214,
"height": 250,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "indikator dalam penelitian ini, hasil belajar siswa pada siklus 1 yaitu siswa kelas XI MIPA 1 berjumlah 36 siswa, terdapat satu siswa yang tidak mengikuti tes dikarenakan sakit sehingga dengan jumlah 35 orang siswa, diperoleh hasil dengan jumlah siswa yang tuntas 16 orang dengan persentase 45% sedangkan 19 orang belum tuntas dengan persentase 55%. Rata-rata hasil belajar siswa siklus 1 didapat 72. Dengan rentang nilai yang jauh berbeda yaitu dengan nilai terendah 45 dan nilai tertinggi 90 secara keseluruhan hasil belajar siswa siklus 1 memiliki predikat cukup. Dengan adanya hasil tersebut guru diharapkan menanamkan konsep yang termuat dalam materi pelajaran yang disampaikan dalam pembelajaran, sehingga siswa yang belum mencapai nilai ketuntasan dapat meningkatkan nilainya pada siklus 2 sedangkan untuk siswa yang sudah tuntas dapat mempertahankan atau bahan dapat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 369,
"width": 213,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "meningkatkan lagi nilai pelajaran pada materi disiklus 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 407,
"width": 40,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Siklus 2",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 419,
"width": 106,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Perencanaan Tindakan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 433,
"width": 214,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pada siklus 2 ini peneliti membuat rencana pembelajaran berdasarkan hasil refleksi pada siklus 1 yang diperoleh sebelumnya. Semua tahapan kegiatan yang akan dilakukan pada siklus 2 adalah cerminan dari siklus 1 dimana kegiatan yang dianggap belum baik atau belum sempurna akan diperbaiki sedangkan yang sudah baik harus bisa dipertahankan atau bahkan dapat ditingkatkan lagi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 547,
"width": 214,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pada siklus 2 ini diharapkan dalam proses kegiatan pembelajaran menggunakan kooperatif Problem Based Learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dari sebelumnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 610,
"width": 135,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "a. Pelaksanaan Tindakan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 624,
"width": 214,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Untuk kegiatan penelitian pada siklus 2 hampir sama dengan siklus 1 dimana dalam pelaksanaan siklus 2 dilakukan dalam 2 kali pertemuan yaitu pertemuan pertama pada hari senin, tanggal 7 Oktober 2019 jam ke 2-3 sedangkan pertemuan kedua pada hari Jum’at,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 116,
"width": 213,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "tanggal 11 Oktober 2019 jam ke 1-2 dengan masing-masing pertemuan berlangsung selama 2 × 45 menit. Dengan kompetensi dasar membedakan penggunaan jumlah dan selisih sinus dan kosinus serta menyelesaikan masalah yang berkaitan dengan rumus jumlah dan selisih sinus dan kosius. Sedangkan untuk sub materi yang dibahas tentang rumus perkalian ke penjumlahan sudut trigonometri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 230,
"width": 214,
"height": 326,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pada siklus 2 pertemuan pertama dengan mempraktekkan pembelajaran kooperatif Problem Based Learning (PBL) ini ± 10 menit untuk kegiatan awal, ± 15 menit untuk orientasi siswa pada masalah, ± 30 menit untuk mengorganisasikan siswa belajar, ± 15 menit untuk membimbing penyelidikan individu dan kelompok, dan ± 20 menit untuk mengembangkan dan menyajikan hasil karya, sedangkan untuk pertemuan kedua dilanjutkan dengan ± 45 menit untuk menganalisa dan mengevaluasi proses pemecahan masalah, ± 30 menit untuk elaborasi, ± 5 menit konfirmasi dan ± 10 menit untuk kegiatan akhir. Sehingga jumlah waktu seluruhnya untuk pertemuan pertama dan kedua 180 menit Untuk pelaksanaan tes akhir pembelajaran di siklus 2 dilaksanakan pada pertemuan kedua dengan alokasi waktu ± 60 menit dengan jumlah siswa yang mengikuti tes akhir pembelajaran berjumlah 34 orang. Dalam Kegiatan belajar mengajar menggunakan pembelajaran kooperatif Problem Based Learning (PBL) peneliti masih tetap dibantu oleh seorang observer yaitu guru mata pelajaran produktif di SMA Negeri 1 Pontianak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 571,
"width": 134,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "b. Pengamatan Tindakan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 586,
"width": 214,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Menurut pengamatan observer, diperoleh hasil bahwa guru sudah mulai menunjukkan hasil yang maksimal dalam kegiatan pembelajaran pada siklus 2. Berdasarkan pantauan dan penilaian observer dengan menggunakan lembar observasi guru yang ada langkah-langkah dalam perencanaan pembelajaran kooperatif Problem Based Learning sudah sebagian besar dilaksanakan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 60,
"width": 280,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Kajian Pembelajaran dan Keilmuan Vol. 3 No.2, November 2019 – Maret 2020",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 538,
"top": 59,
"width": 15,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "181",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 213,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "guru dengan baik, guru sudah memperbaiki kesalahan yang dilakukan pada siklus 1, bahkan beberapa kegiatan sudah terlaksana dengan sangat baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 166,
"width": 214,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan lembar observasi guru yang sudah dipersiapkan sebelumnya, tingkat penguasaan yang di peroleh guru pada siklus 2 ini sebesar 78,00% artinya tingkat penguasaan guru dalam proses pembelajaran kooperatif Problem Based Learning sudah tergolong predikat baik. Sesuai dengan kriteria yang sudah ditentukan sebelumnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 281,
"width": 86,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hasil Tes Siklus 2",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 293,
"width": 214,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Setelah diadakan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan kooperatif Problem Based",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 317,
"width": 214,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Learning (PBL) pada siklus 2 dengan 2 × pertemuan selama 4 jam pelajaran (180 menit), dilakukan tes akhir pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan pada hari Senin, tanggal 14 Oktober 2019 dengan alokasi waktu selama ±60 menit diikuti oleh siswa kelas XI MIPA 1 yang berjumlah 36 siswa, dimana 2 orang tidak mengikuti post test dikarenakan sakit dan dispensasi mengikuti lomba, sehingga total siswa yang mengikuti post test terdiri dari 12 orang siswa laki-laki dan 22 orang siswa perempuan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 483,
"width": 101,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Analisis dan Refleksi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 496,
"width": 214,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pada tahap ini dilakukan analisis terhadap data-data hasil observasi dan hasil belajar siswa dan kegiatan refleksi dilakukan setelah pertemuan kedua siklus 2 berakhir. Dilihat dari hasil observasi guru dan hasil belajar siswa ternyata kedua kegiatan ini mengalami",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 572,
"width": 210,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "peningkatan kualitas pada kegiatannya masing- masing.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 597,
"width": 214,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Untuk kegiatan guru pada siklus 2 yang dilihat pada lembar observasi guru memperoleh",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 116,
"width": 213,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "tingkat penguasaan 78%, dengan predikat baik dari siklus 1 dimana memiliki predikat cukup dengan tingkat penguasaan sebesar 60,5% artinya ada peningkatan dalam tingkat penguasaan sebesar 17,5%. Sedangkan untuk hasil tes belajar siswa pada siklus 2 ini memiliki rata-rata kelas 98. Dengan rentang nilai yang tidak jauh berbeda yaitu dengan nilai terendah 75 dan nilai tertinggi 100 secara keseluruhan hasil belajar siswa siklus 2 mendapatkan predikat sangat baik. Hasil belajar siswa juga mengalami peningkatan dari siklus 1 ke siklus 2 dimana ada peningkatan dua tingkatan predikat dari cukup sangat baik, maka disimpulkan bahwa penelitian telah selesai di siklus 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 319,
"width": 213,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Perkembangan Hasil Observasi dan Hasil Belajar Siswa",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 344,
"width": 214,
"height": 199,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Selanjutnya setelah mendapatkan rerata hasil belajar siswa siklus 1 dan siklus 2 maka penulis menganalisis perkembangan hasil belajar siswa berdasarkan nilai individu siswa. Dalam pembahasan ini dikemukakan hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian tindakan kelas melalui pembelajaran kooperatif Problem Based Learning (PBL) pada materi logika matematika dikelas XI MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Pontianak. Dari data yang diperoleh berdasarkan hasil observasi guru dan hasil belajar siswa menunjukkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar matematika menggunakan pembelajaran kooperatif Problem Based Learning (PBL) pada materi trigonometri dikelas XI MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Pontianak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 559,
"width": 102,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hasil observasi Guru",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 571,
"width": 213,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hasil observasi guru dalam menggunakan kooperatif Problem Based Learning (PBL) pada kedua siklus dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 60,
"width": 280,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Kajian Pembelajaran dan Keilmuan Vol. 3 No.2, November 2019 – Maret 2020",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 538,
"top": 59,
"width": 15,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "182",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 250,
"top": 116,
"width": 172,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 5.Rekapitulasi Aktifitas Guru",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 142,
"width": 358,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "No Aktifitas Guru Siklus 1 Siklus 2 Peningkatan 1 Kegiatan Pendahulan 13 16 +3 2 Kegiatan Inti 47 56 +9 3 Kegiatan Penutup 18 22 +4 4 Lain-lain 14 19 +5 Jumlah Skor 92 126 + 21 Tingkat Penguasaan 71,9% 88,3% +16,41%",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 246,
"width": 214,
"height": 175,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan tabel rekapitulasi aktifitas guru selamaberlangsungnya pembelajaran dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada siklus 1 guru telah melakukan tahapan-tahapan yang ada dalam RPP pembelajaran matematika menggunakan kooperatif Problem Based Learning (PBL) dengan skor pada kegiatan pendahuluan sebesar 13, kegiatan inti 47 dan kegiatan akhir 18 dengan jumlah skor sebesar 92, untuk penilaian lainnya memperoleh nilai sebesar 14 poin sehingga jika ditotalkan memperoleh tingkat penguasaan 71,9% dengan predikat cukup. Sedangkan untuk kegiatan siklus 2 guru sudah melaksanakan langkah-langkah dalam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 423,
"width": 214,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "perencanaan pembelajaran kooperatif Problem Based Learning dengan jumlah skor kegiatan awal meningkat 3 poin dari siklus sebelumnya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 246,
"width": 213,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "yaitu sebesar 16, kegiatan inti meningkat 9 poin dari siklus sebelumnya yaitu memperoleh skor sebesar 56 poin, untuk kegiatan akhir pada siklus 2 ini mendapatkan skor nilai sebesar 22 dengan peningkatan sebesar 4 poin, untuk lainnya memeroleh nilai sebesar 19 dengan peningkatannya sebesar 5 poin. Artinya pada siklus 2 setiap kegiatan pembelajaran mengalami peningkatan dari siklus pertama. Dimana tingkat penguasaan guru pada siklus 2 ini sebesar 88,3% dan tergolong predikat baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 398,
"width": 94,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hasil Belajar Siswa",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 411,
"width": 213,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Selanjutnya rekapitulasi hasil belajar siswa pada siklus 1 dan 2 dengan menggunakan kooperatif Problem Based Learning (PBL) dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 237,
"top": 474,
"width": 197,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 6. Rekapitulasi Hasil Belajar Siswa",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 500,
"width": 428,
"height": 195,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "No Ragam data Siklus 1 Siklus 2 Peningkatan 1 Jumlah Nilai 2458 3155 +697 2 Nilai Rata-rata Kelas 74,5 95 +20,5 3 Jumlah Siswa Yang Tuntas Belajar 19 34 +15 4 Persentase Siswa Yang Tuntas 55% 100% +45% 5 Jumlah Siswa Yang Tidak Tuntas Belajar 16 0 - 6 Persentase Siswa Yang Tidak Tuntas Belajar 45% 0 - Tindakan guru dalam melakukan kegiatan- kegiatan dalam menggunakan kooperatif Problem Based Learning (PBL) sangat berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Dimana pada siklus 1 terdapat 19 orang jumlah siswa yang tuntas dengan persentase 55% dan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 622,
"width": 213,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "16 orang belum tuntas dengan persentase 45% dengan rata-rata hasil belajar siswa tergolong kategori cukup yaitu berdasarkan nilai rata-rata kelas sebesar 74,5, sedangkan pada siklus 2 seluruh siswa dinyatakan tuntas dengan persentase 100% dengan rata-rata hasil belajar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 60,
"width": 280,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Kajian Pembelajaran dan Keilmuan Vol. 3 No.2, November 2019 – Maret 2020",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 538,
"top": 59,
"width": 15,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "183",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 214,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "siswa tergolong sangat baik yaitu berdasarkan nilai rata-rata kelas sebesar 95. Maka diketahui adanya peningkatan hasil belajar dari siklus 1 ke siklus 2 sebesar 45%. Di siklus 2 ini pada hasil belajar siswa seluruhnya mengalami peningkatan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 192,
"width": 214,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Secara keseluruhan pada siklus 2 telah terjadi peningkatan baik dari hasil observasi guru dan hasil belajar siswa bandingkan dengan siklus 1, dari hasil yang diperoleh pada siklus 2 dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 255,
"width": 214,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "menggunakan kooperatif Problem Based",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 268,
"width": 214,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Learning (PBL) pada materi trigonometri dikelas XI MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Pontianak dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Hal ini sesuai dengan pendapat Bistari (2015: 328) yang menyatakan Pembelajaran Berbasis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 331,
"width": 213,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Masalah bertujuan untuk memotivasi belajar siswa agar menjadi mandiri, membantu siswa mengembangkan keterampilan berfikir dan keterampilan pemecahan masalah, membuat kemungkinan transfers pengetahuan baru, belajar peranan orang dewasa yang otentik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 420,
"width": 129,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "SIMPULAN DAN SARAN Simpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 445,
"width": 214,
"height": 250,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Setelah dilaksanakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dengan menggunakan pembelajaran kooperatif Problem Based Learning (PBL) pada materi trigonometri di kelas XI MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Pontianak, maka dapat diambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut : (1) Proses kegiatan pembelajaran diawali dengan melakukan perencanaan tindakan yang dilakukan menggunakan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan pembelajaran kooperatif Problem Based Learning (PBL) pada materi Trigonometri di kelas XI MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Pontianak pada siklus 1 dan siklus 2 yang disusun oleh peneliti dengan baik dan sudah di validasi oleh kepala sekolah dan peneliti, dibantu oleh seorang observer yaitu guru mata pelajaran produktif untuk menilai proses pembelajaran. elaksanaan tindakan pada setiap siklus dilakukan dalam 2 kali pertemuan dengan masing-masing",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 115,
"width": 214,
"height": 277,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "pertemuan berlangsung selama 2 × 45 menit. Pengamatan tindakan dilakukan setiap siklus baik siklus 1 dan siklus 2 ternyata guru dapat meningkatkan kemampuan mengajar menggunakan pembelajaran kooperatif Problem Based Learning dengan tingkat penguasaan pada siklus 1 sebesar 71,9% sedangkan untuk siklus 2 sebesar 88,3%, terjadi peningkatan penguasaan sebesar 16,41%; (2) Hasil belajar siswa setelah menggunakan pembelajaran kooperatif Problem Based Learning (PBL) pada materi Trigonometri di kelas XI MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Pontianak meningkat sebesar 20,5 dari siklus 1 dan siklus 2. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat pada peningkatan persentase pada siswa yang tuntas dalam setiap siklus, pada siklus 1 terdapat 19 orang jumlah siswa yang tuntas dengan persentase 55% dan rata-rata nilai siklus 1 sebesar 72,22 dari jumlah siswa sebesar 35, sedangkan pada siklus 2 seluruh siswa dinyatakan tuntas dengan persentase 100% dan rata-rata nilai siklus 2 sebesar 93.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 407,
"width": 28,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Saran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 420,
"width": 219,
"height": 275,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, terdapat beberapa saran yang peneliti berikan, yaitu : (1) Bagi guru yang ingin menggunakan pembelajaran Kooperatif Problem Based Learning harus disesuaikan dengan materi yang ingin disampaikan, serta melaksanakan prosedur yang telah ditetapkan serta abila ingin menggunakan pembelelajaran Kooperatif Problem Based Learning sebaiknya memberikan informasi terlebih dahulu mengenai pembelajaran Kooperatif Problem Based Learning agar siswa mengerti dan mengetahui apa yang harus mereka lakukan pada saat proses pembelajaran berlangsung; (2) Bagi siswa hendaknya diberikan kesempatan lebih banyak dalam mengemukakan pendapat agar siswa lebih aktif; (3) Bagi peneliti yang ingin melaksanakan model pembelajaran Kooperatif Problem Based Learning dapat menggunakan materi yang berbeda dan melakukan perbaikan dari penelitian sebelumnya; (4) Penggunaan pembelajaran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 60,
"width": 280,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Kajian Pembelajaran dan Keilmuan Vol. 3 No.2, November 2019 – Maret 2020",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 538,
"top": 59,
"width": 15,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "184",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 213,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kooperatif Problem Based Learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dengan catatan guru harus benar-benar menjadi moderator jalannya kegiatan belajar mengajar selama model tersebut dilaksanakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 192,
"width": 107,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 204,
"width": 214,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Bistari. (2015). Mewujudkan Penelitian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 217,
"width": 191,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tindakan Kelas. Pontianak : PT. Ekadaya Multi Inovasi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 242,
"width": 213,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. (2008).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 255,
"width": 191,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia . Jakarta:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 268,
"width": 64,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pusat Bahasa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 280,
"width": 216,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Gravemeijer, K. & Terwel. J. (2000) Hans Freudhental : A Mathematician on",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 366,
"top": 116,
"width": 192,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Didactics and Curriculum Theory. Journal of curiculum studies",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 141,
"width": 214,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kumaidah. (2009). Analisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan gangguan fungsi paru pada pekerja mabel PT. Kota jati furindo desa suswawal kecamatan molonggo kabupaten jepara. [skripsi]. Semarang: Universitas Diponogoro Nana, Sudjana. (1999). Penilaian proses hasil belajar mengajar. Bandung: Remaja Roesdakarya Trianto. (2009). Mendesain model pembelajaran inovatif-progresif, Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Grup.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
85a245cd-b08c-0697-1ee7-556dfe6960dc | https://ejournal.stitpn.ac.id/index.php/palapa/article/download/3193/1669 | [
{
"left": 85,
"top": 35,
"width": 160,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P A L A P A",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 82,
"width": 299,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Studi Keislaman dan Ilmu Pendidikan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 192,
"top": 752,
"width": 217,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 11, Nomor 1, Mei 2023; 324-334 https://ejournal.stitpn.ac.id/index.php/palapa",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 779,
"width": 400,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Palapa is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 427,
"top": 41,
"width": 72,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2338-2325 e-ISSN : 2540-9697",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 427,
"top": 74,
"width": 76,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Terindeks : DOAJ, EBSCO, SINTA 4, Dimensions, MIAR, Garuda, Google Scholar, etc",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 311,
"top": 106,
"width": 200,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.36088/palapa.v11i1.3193",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 134,
"width": 422,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "USING STRIP STORY MEDIA TO IMPROVE ARABIC WRITING SKILLS AT MAWARIDUSSALAM ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL, NORTH SUMATRA",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 213,
"width": 305,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Marheni Br Maha 1 , Azkiyatul Adawiyah Farid Hasem Al-Askary 2 ,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 237,
"top": 228,
"width": 123,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Anjari Novianta Br Maha 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 244,
"width": 346,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Indonesia ; 2 University of Tripoli, Libya;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 259,
"width": 430,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3 Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara, Indonesia [email protected] ; [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 276,
"top": 353,
"width": 45,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 380,
"width": 371,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Learning Arabic is one of the foreign subjects that is less attractive to studentsof in Indonesia. This is due to the complexity of the material being studied by students and coupled with the way the teacher conveys his learning. In this research, the solution will be suggested for learning Arabic writing skills by using Strip Story media. The purpose of learning Arabic with Strip Story media is to facilitate fun and exhilarating learning services. The design of this research is a One-Group Design by Post-test and Pre- Test. The selection of population in this study were all the students of class VII MTs with a total of 121 students. In this research class VII A will be used as a research sample with a total of 30 students or 25% of the total population. To find out the effectiveness of Story Strip media in learning Arabic writing skills can be seen from the students' scores on the pre and post-tests given. The students' pre-test results were 5,26 and the students' post-test results or test scores after using Strip Story media in teaching writing skills were 7,73. Thus it can be stated that students' scores in Arabic writing skills after using Strip Story media increased by 20%. So it can be concluded that the use of Strip Story media in learning Arabic writing skills is effective and appropriate for use in the learning process.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 546,
"width": 328,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords : Media Ajar; Keterampilan Menulis; Bahasa Arab; Strip Story; Pesantren",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 614,
"width": 103,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "INTRODUCTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 640,
"width": 428,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Learning a language is something that is very urgent nowadays, because language has functions as a communication between humans to convey ideas or opinions to others (Onishchuk et al., 2020). Arabic, apart from being a medium of communication, also has an important role in human life, namely as the language of the Qur ’ an for understanding Islamic law and as a source language for knowledge (Pane, 2018). Arabic is a teaching material that",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 35,
"width": 347,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Marheni Br Maha, Azkiyatul Adawiyah Farid Hasem Al-Askary, Anjari Novianta Br Maha",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 795,
"width": 127,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 11, Nomor 1, Mei 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 485,
"top": 794,
"width": 20,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "325",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 428,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "is taught in all educational institutions, from elementary schools to universities in Indonesia. Even Arabic has also been taught from an early age in various Islamic schools, from Kindergartens (TK) and Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) as the basis for material at the next level (Zaki, 2022). Looking at the objectives of learning Arabic, each learner or student is expected to be able to master the elements of Arabic, understand the cultural aspects contained in Arabic texts, both orally and in writing, and be able to master the four language skills as follows listening, speaking, reading skills and write Arabic (Nufus, 2019).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 232,
"width": 428,
"height": 257,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Students must be mastered all of the language skills, especially writing skills. The role of writing skills is very important in everyday life (Nuraini et al., 2022), therefore students should have writing skills. With writing skills, students can engage in various fields and activities. Writing activity does not come automatically, so it requires creativity which must be trained continuously because writing is a productive activity in expressing the author's thoughts and ideas. (Rahmawati & Shofiyani, 2020). Writing skills are skills in conveying ideas or opinions indirectly or in writing (Zuhriyah, 2018). In the process of learning language skills certainly will not be separated from a problem or problem. As is the case with Arabic writing skills which are often considered difficult to be learned by students in Indonesia (Ratnaningtyas, 2015). This is because Arabic has a vocabulary and grammatical characteristics that are rich and difficult to understand (Zaki, 2021). In addition, the process of learning Arabic in Indonesia also seems monotonous and the use of learning strategies, and as well media are still not comprehensive by the teachers (Rizqi, 2018; Shalihah, 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 500,
"width": 428,
"height": 237,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Problems in learning Arabic writing skills as above are also experienced by Arabic language students and teachers at the Mawaridussalam Islamic Boarding School. It is not uncommon for students to feel bored and even fall asleep in class during the learning process. In addition, the exam results at the end of the odd semester in 2022-2023 stated that students' scores in writing skills were still below the average score in the school curriculum (KKM). Thus, it can be seen that the understanding of students in learning Arabic writing skills is still relatively low. Based on the results of interviews with Arabic teachers at the Mawaridussalam Islamic Boarding School, they said that this was due to the uninteresting learning process and the teacher's lack of understanding of the use of media in Arabic teaching. In the process of learning, teachers more often use the lecture method and use makeshift media. Therefore, teachers should take the initiative and try to find solutions to create more effective learning, especially learning Arabic writing skills.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 35,
"width": 347,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Marheni Br Maha, Azkiyatul Adawiyah Farid Hasem Al-Askary, Anjari Novianta Br Maha",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 294,
"top": 795,
"width": 216,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PALAPA : Jurnal Studi Keislaman dan Ilmu Pendidikan",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 794,
"width": 20,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "326",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 428,
"height": 298,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The role of the teacher in teaching and learning activities is not only conveying teaching materials in class, but the teachers also have an important role to develop the potential or abilities of students optimally. Thus, of course the teacher is also expected to be able to design the learning process optimally (Takdir, 2020). In addition, teachers also required to be able to optimize the process of teaching or learning activities and increase all of the student motivation in studying, especially in Arabic writing skills lesson (Zamroni et al., 2023). Therefore, a good teacher or a language teacher always tries to make an effective and efficient lesson plan. In this case, a teacher will use various ways and appropriate learning methods to achieve learning objectives (Sukma et al., 2022). In addition, innovative and effective media are also used in learning activities (Paputungan, 2022). Because learning without careful planning will cause the learning process to be unpleasant and make students feel bored in class more quickly (Shalihah, 2018). So do not be surprised if the media in teaching has an important role to assist teachers in conveying the subject matter that will be delivered in class, so that all of students don’t feel so bored and have an interest in participating in teaching and learning activities (Sofiyah, 2019).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 394,
"width": 428,
"height": 196,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In this research a solution will be suggested in learning Arabic writing skills by using Strip Story media. Using various learning media is one effort to increase success in teaching and learning activities (Rizqi, 2018). Therefore, by using various learning media in learning activities, students will absorb more of the material presented (Zarkasyi et al., 2022). Because of the importance of instructional media in learning of Arabic, and especially in writing skills to make it easier for them to compose Arabic essays even though it's simple, researchers are interested in examining the effect of using Strip Story media to improve writing skills (Nasruddin, 2020). Strip Story is a media as pieces of papers and it often used in foreign language teaching or learning. Besides its simple technique, it is very easy and doesn’t has a special skills to use (Apriliyani, 2019)(Kosdian, 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 601,
"width": 428,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This media can make the student more enthusiastic in learning or teaching, thus this media very effective to provide writing student’s skills of Arabic. Based on research conducted in Jember (Nafsah & Hidayat, 2022) states that the media can improve language skills, especially in improving Arabic writing skills. Media Strip Story is also effectively used in learning for elementary school students to college students. Because strip story media has advantages such as being able to help make it easier for students to come up with ideas or ideas to write stories, ideas and ideas that are more interesting (Lapenangga et al., 2020). In addition, Strip Story media can also increase the motivation and interest of students in",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 35,
"width": 347,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Marheni Br Maha, Azkiyatul Adawiyah Farid Hasem Al-Askary, Anjari Novianta Br Maha",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 795,
"width": 127,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 11, Nomor 1, Mei 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 485,
"top": 794,
"width": 20,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "327",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 428,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "elementary schools (Apriliyani, 2019) to college students in learning writing skills (Hijriyah et al., 2022). This media is very helpful in developing students' creativity to express their ideas in written form as well as helping the teacher to achieve the goals of learning activities.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 151,
"width": 428,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This research will discuss learning Arabic writing skills using strip story media at the Mawaridussalam Islamic Boarding School. With this media of teaching, it is hoped that it can make all the students feel happy and earnest and make it easier for them to understand learning. Therefore, this research conducted a study on by using the strip story media in teaching Arabic writing.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 282,
"width": 60,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METHOD",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 308,
"width": 428,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The design of this research is One-Group design by Pretest and Posttest. This design used because it is more accurate, because it can compare pretest and posttest (Ningtias, 2022). The design is illustrated by the chart:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 399,
"width": 88,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "O1 = pre-test",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 424,
"width": 11,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "X",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 424,
"width": 125,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "= the treatment that given",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 449,
"width": 93,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "O2 = post-test",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 500,
"width": 428,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This research will be conducted in two stages, namely giving the initial test and giving the final test (Mokshein et al., 2019). Giving an initial test at this stage without being given treatment (O1) or learning without using Story Strip media and (O2) to find out students' abilities after being given treatment or using Story Strip media in the learning process. Giving a final test with treatment marked with X.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 606,
"width": 428,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This research was conducted at the Mawaridussalam Islamic Boarding School, west of Kualanamu International Airport, Deli Serdang, North Sumatra. The class used to carry out the research was class VII MTs. The population is a generalized area composed of subjects and objects that have certain qualities and characteristics that are patented by researchers to be understood and studied and a conclusion is formed (Maisaroh, 2021). The population selected in this study were all of class VII MTs with a total of 121 students. In this research class VII A will be used as a research sample by a total of 30 students or 25% of the total",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 259,
"top": 375,
"width": 47,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "O1 X O2",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 35,
"width": 347,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Marheni Br Maha, Azkiyatul Adawiyah Farid Hasem Al-Askary, Anjari Novianta Br Maha",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 294,
"top": 795,
"width": 216,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PALAPA : Jurnal Studi Keislaman dan Ilmu Pendidikan",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 794,
"width": 20,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "328",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 428,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "population. Sources of data taken in this study were teachers of Arabic writing skills to find out what learning activities and learning media were used, and students to find out their abilities in Arabic writing skills. To find out the effectiveness of Strip Story media in learning Arabic writing skills, it can be seen from the students' scores on the pre and post tests given.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 196,
"width": 57,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "RESULTS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 222,
"width": 428,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The results of this research are based on an analysis data and the presentation data of the implementation of using Strip Story media in Arabic writing skills learning. The student activeness in Arabic learning or teaching is still lacking, this can be seen when students do not focus in teaching of Arabic material and tend to play alone. As for learning that uses less varied media. Therefore, it is necessary to develop media so that there is motivation in learning. To support students in improving Arabic writing skills is by using reality image or media. Thus the media of reality images will help students to improve their skills in Arabic writing (Sofiyah, 2019).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 389,
"width": 428,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The effectiveness of the application of Strip Story media in Arabic writing skills learning at Mawaridussalam Islamic Boarding School, can be seen from the pre-test and post- test results that have been given. The results of the students' pre-test scores are as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 242,
"top": 454,
"width": 114,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 1. Pre-test Result",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 480,
"width": 325,
"height": 143,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pretest Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 5.0 19 63.3 63.3 63.3 5.5 8 26.7 26.7 90.0 6.0 1 3.3 3.3 93.3 6.5 2 6.7 6.7 100.0 Total 30 100.0 100.0",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 654,
"width": 428,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the table above, it can be seen the results of the pre-test given to 30 students as samples in the study. The conclusion from the table above is that the dominant students get a score of 5 in the pre-test with a total of 19 people and the highest score achieved was a score of 6,5 as many as 2 people. After conducting the pre-test, students will be taught using",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 35,
"width": 347,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Marheni Br Maha, Azkiyatul Adawiyah Farid Hasem Al-Askary, Anjari Novianta Br Maha",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 795,
"width": 127,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 11, Nomor 1, Mei 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 485,
"top": 794,
"width": 20,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "329",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 425,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "the Strip Story media in Arabic writing skills learning. Then at the end of the meeting, a pre- test will be carried out to see the developme nt of students’ abilities in learning Arabic writing.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 131,
"width": 268,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The post-test scores achieved by students are as follows;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 237,
"top": 156,
"width": 124,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 2. Post-Test Result",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 278,
"top": 181,
"width": 40,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "posttest",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 200,
"width": 325,
"height": 203,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 5.5 1 3.3 3.3 3.3 6.0 1 3.3 3.3 6.7 6.5 2 6.7 6.7 13.3 7.0 4 13.3 13.3 26.7 7.5 5 16.7 16.7 43.3 8.0 8 26.7 26.7 70.0 8.5 6 20.0 20.0 90.0 9.0 3 10.0 10.0 100.0 Total 30 100.0 100.0",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 433,
"width": 428,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the table above, it can be seen the post-test results were given to 30 students as samples in the study. The conclusion from the table above is that the dominant students get a score of 8 in the post-test with a total of 8 people. And the highest score achieved was a score of 9 as many as 3 people. Thus it can be concluded that the scores of learners increase in the post-test or after being given treatment, namely the application of Strip Story media in Arabic writing skills learning. This is in line with the following data:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 225,
"top": 560,
"width": 148,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 3. Average value N Mean pretest 30 5.267 posttest 30 7.733",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 668,
"width": 424,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The pre-test and post-test results of students can be seen to have increased by 20%. With a pre-test average score of (5,267) and a post-test average score of (7,733). It can be concluded that the value of students in Arabic learning increases after using the Strip Story",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 35,
"width": 347,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Marheni Br Maha, Azkiyatul Adawiyah Farid Hasem Al-Askary, Anjari Novianta Br Maha",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 294,
"top": 795,
"width": 216,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PALAPA : Jurnal Studi Keislaman dan Ilmu Pendidikan",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 794,
"width": 20,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "330",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 417,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "media in Arabic writing skills learning. Based on the table above, it can be concluded that the Strip Story media in Arabic writing skills learning.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 156,
"width": 77,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DISCUSSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 181,
"width": 217,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The Urgency of Media in Learning Arabic",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 206,
"width": 428,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Learning Arabic is one of the foreign subjects that is less attractive to students. This is due to the complexity of the material being studied by students and coupled with the way the teacher conveys his learning. One of the most important activities in a learning process is the way the material is delivered. A material will not be of value if the method of delivery is not appropriate (Primaningtyas, 2018). An appropriate media and in accordance with the conditions of students is important in the process of learning Arabic, especially for learning Arabic that takes place in madrasas (Nafsah & Hidayat, 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 353,
"width": 428,
"height": 196,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teaching media is anything that can transmit messages, can stimulate the thoughts, feelings, and willingness of students so that they can encourage the creation of learning processes in students (Nasruddin, 2020). Educational media as one of the learning resources used to help the learning process convey messages (Arif, 2020). Through learning media, educators can convey subject matter that is difficult to understand to be easy to understand so that the teaching and learning process becomes more alive (Mardhiah & Akbar, 2018). The benefits of using media are to assist teachers in conveying material and helping students understand material. By using the media, the learning objectives will be easily achieved. The benefits of using media will be maximized if teachers can choose and use media appropriately and according to learning needs.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 561,
"width": 292,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Strip Story as a Media in Improving Arabic Writing Skills",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 586,
"width": 428,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The process of teaching and learning has two elements that very important, namely method (Abdillah, 2019) and media of teaching (Rizqi, 2018). One particular of teaching method is choose by teacher will affect the type of media. Objective of study, type of task, and responses of the student must be considered by teacher in selecting the media (Al- khresheh, 2020). Learning Arabic using Strip Story media as an alternative for teachers and students to understand learning Arabic easily and quickly (Hijriyah et al., 2022). Story strips are pieces of paper that can display messages that are easy for students to read and understand",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 35,
"width": 347,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Marheni Br Maha, Azkiyatul Adawiyah Farid Hasem Al-Askary, Anjari Novianta Br Maha",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 795,
"width": 127,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 11, Nomor 1, Mei 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 485,
"top": 794,
"width": 20,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "331",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 428,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Nasruddin, 2020). The purpose of learning Arabic with Strip Story media is to facilitate fun and exhilarating learning services.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 131,
"width": 428,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The application of the Strip Story Media during the Arabic writing skills learning at this Islamic Boarding School is:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 176,
"width": 400,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Before the teacher teaches, the teacher must determine the material to be taught. Then the sentences contained in the material can be divided into several parts or pieces. Classes can be divided into several groups to make it easier for teachers to supervise student work and students can work together with one another. Pieces of sentences that have been provided by the teacher previously distributed to each group in the class. Each group gets pieces whose material or topic is the same as the other groups.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 323,
"width": 400,
"height": 237,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. The pieces of paper containing the sentences are distributed randomly or randomly to the students. Then students read the pieces of paper and arrange them into a good and correct paragraph. After that the pieces of paper were handed back to the teacher and the students started to write down the stories or texts they had read in their exercise books. The teacher pays attention to and supervises student performance and students try to compose sentences and rewrite what they have read and what they have understood from the pieces of paper earlier. After everyone has finished writing the sentences, the teacher asks a representative from each group to read back the results of their writing and the other groups pay attention to it, and vice versa. At the end of the lesson the teacher will tell the correct text to all students and students are asked to correct the errors contained in their writing results.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 596,
"width": 86,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "CONCLUSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 622,
"width": 428,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arabic learners often do not feel interested in learning Arabic writing skills. This happens because learning tends to be stiff and boring. Therefore, this research will provide a solution to make learning interesting, one of which is by using strip story media. This media is a medium that will make learning more fun and enjoyable by using random pieces of sentences that have been written on paper to improve students' writing skills in learning Arabic. To find out the effectiveness of Strip Story media in learning Arabic writing skills, it can be seen from the students' scores on the pre and post tests given. The pre-test and post-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 35,
"width": 347,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Marheni Br Maha, Azkiyatul Adawiyah Farid Hasem Al-Askary, Anjari Novianta Br Maha",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 294,
"top": 795,
"width": 216,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PALAPA : Jurnal Studi Keislaman dan Ilmu Pendidikan",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 794,
"width": 20,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "332",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 428,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "test results of students can be seen to have increased by 20%. With a pre-test average score of (5,267) and a post-test average score of (7,733). Thus it can be concluded that Strip Story media can make learning more interesting and make students creative and its production is very easy and inexpensive. This media really helps teachers to train students' language skills, especially in writing skills. Strip story media is cheap, easy and fun for students to use as a tool to understand and compose writing.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 237,
"width": 86,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "REFERENCES",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 262,
"width": 429,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abdillah, F. (2019). Pengaruh Penggunaan Metode Langsung Dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Percakapan Sehari-Hari Siswa Ma. Sultan Hasanuddin, Kecamatan Bajeng, Kabupaten Gowa. Transformasi : Jurnal Kepemimpinan & Pendidikan Islam, 3(1), Article 1. Https://Doi.Org/10.47945/Transformasi.V3i1.340",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 322,
"width": 429,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Al-Khresheh, M. (2020). The Efficiency Of Using Pictures In Teaching Speaking Skills Of Non-Native Arabic Beginner Students. Universal Journal Of Educational Research, 8. Https://Doi.Org/10.13189/Ujer.2020.080318",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 367,
"width": 428,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Apriliyani, R. (2019). Pengaruh Penggunan Media Strip Story Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Dan Minat Siswa Pada Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab. 8(2).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 400,
"width": 428,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arif, M. (2020). Efektivitas Media Pembelajaran Dalam Penguasaan Kosa Kata Bahasa Arab.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 414,
"width": 392,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "`A Jamiy : Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra Arab, 9(1), Article 1. Https://Doi.Org/10.31314/Ajamiy.9.1.1-15.2020",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 446,
"width": 428,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hijriyah, U., Zulhannan, Z., Nufus, Z., & Aridan, M. (2022). Pengembangan Media Strip Story Bergambar Terhadap Pembelajaran Mahârah Al-Kitâbah. Arabi : Journal Of Arabic Studies, 7(2), Article 2. Https://Doi.Org/10.24865/Ajas.V7i2.490",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 492,
"width": 429,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kosdian, O. (2016). Improving Students’ Speaking Skill By Using Picture St rip Story. Indonesian Efl Journal, 2(2), Article 2. Https://Doi.Org/10.25134/Ieflj.V2i2.642",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 524,
"width": 429,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lapenangga, P., Blegur, Y. R., Aryani, F., & Kago, A. (2020). Peningkatan Kemampuan Menulis Cerita Dongeng Melalui Media Strip Story Pada Siswa Kelas Iii Sd. Musamus Journal Of Primary Education, 75 – 80.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 565,
"width": 222,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Https://Doi.Org/10.35724/Musjpe.V3i1.3218",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 583,
"width": 428,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Maisaroh, S. (2021). Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Menulis Perspektif Analisis Kesalahan Bahasa Naskah Skripsi. Miqlamah, 3(2), Article 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 615,
"width": 428,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mardhiah, A., & Akbar, S. A. (2018). Efektivitas Media Pembelajaran Terhadap Hasil Belajar Kimia Siswa Sma Negeri 16 Banda Aceh. Lantanida Journal, 6(1), Article 1. Https://Doi.Org/10.22373/Lj.V6i1.3173",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 661,
"width": 428,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mokshein, S. E., Ishak, H., & Ahmad, H. (2019). The Use Of Rasch Measurement Model In English Testing. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan, 38(1), Article 1.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 688,
"width": 213,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Https://Doi.Org/10.21831/Cp.V38i1.22750",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 706,
"width": 428,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nafsah, N. H. B., & Hidayat, A. (2022). Pencapaian Skill Menulis Bahasa Arab Dengan Media",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 720,
"width": 389,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar. An-Nuqtah, 1(3), Article 3. Https://Doi.Org/10.1234/An- Nuqtah.V1i3.888",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 35,
"width": 347,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Marheni Br Maha, Azkiyatul Adawiyah Farid Hasem Al-Askary, Anjari Novianta Br Maha",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 795,
"width": 127,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 11, Nomor 1, Mei 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 485,
"top": 794,
"width": 20,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "333",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 429,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nasruddin, N. (2020). Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Dengan Media Strip Story. Al- Af’idah: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab Dan Pengajarannya, 4(1), Article 1. Https://Doi.Org/10.52266/Al-Afidah.V4i1.592",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 131,
"width": 428,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ningtias, N. E. (2022). Efektivitas Buku Ajar Happy Thinking Unit Iiiparts Of The",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 145,
"width": 392,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Plantuntuk Meningkatkan Kosakata Awal Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(5), Article 5. Https://Doi.Org/10.31004/Obsesi.V6i5.2657",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 190,
"width": 428,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nufus, H. (2019). Pembelajaran Insya (Kitabah) Dengan Media Strip Story. Horizon Pendidikan, 10(2), Article 2. Https://Doi.Org/10.33477/Hp.V10i2.708",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 222,
"width": 429,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nuraini, N., Asrori, I., & Hasanah, M. (2022). Material Development For Arabic Writing Skills Based On International Standards L Tathwir Al-Mawad Al-Dirasiyyah Li Maharah Al- Kitabah Fi Dhau’i Al - Ma‘Ayir Al - ‘Alamiyyah. Jurnal Al Bayan: Jurnal Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 14(2), Article 2. Https://Doi.Org/10.24042/Albayan.V14i2.13901",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 295,
"width": 429,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Onishchuk, I., Ikonnikova, M., Antonenko, T., Kharchenko, I., Shestakova, S., Kuzmenko, N., & Maksymchuk, B. (2020). Characteristics Of Foreign Language Education In Foreign Countries And Ways Of Applying Foreign Experience In Pedagogical Universities Of Ukraine. Revista Romaneasca Pentru Educatie Multidimensionala, 12(3), Article 3. Https://Doi.Org/10.18662/Rrem/12.3/308",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 367,
"width": 429,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pane, A. (2018). Urgensi Bahasa Arab; Bahasa Arab Sebagai Alat Komunikasi Agama Islam. Komunikologi: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Komunikasi Dan Sosial, 2(1), Article 1. Https://Doi.Org/10.30829/Komunikologi.V2i1.5452",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 413,
"width": 428,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Paputungan, M. Z. (2022). Desain Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Mahāratu Al - Kalām Berbasis Articulane Story Line. `A Jamiy : Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra Arab, 11(1),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 441,
"width": 292,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Article 1. Https://Doi.Org/10.31314/Ajamiy.11.1.46-59.2022",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 459,
"width": 428,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Primaningtyas, M. (2018). Penerapan Media Gambar Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 474,
"width": 392,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ihtimam : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 1(1), Article 1. Https://Doi.Org/10.36668/Jih.V1i1.156",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 506,
"width": 429,
"height": 100,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rahmawati, R. Dian, & Shofiyani, A. (2020). Strategi Pembelajaran Menulis Bahasa Arab Untuk Mahasiswa Program Studi Bahasa Inggris. Jurnal Education And Development, 8(3), 298 – 298. Https://Doi.Org/10.37081/Ed.V8i3.1902 Ratnaningtyas, O. (2015). Pembelajaran Menulis Bahasa Arab Di Program Khusus Perkuliahan Bahasa Arab (Pkpba) Universitas Islam Negeri Malang. Tafáqquh: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Kajian Keislaman, 3(2), Article 2. Https://Doi.Org/10.52431/Tafaqquh.V3i2.47",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 610,
"width": 429,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rizqi, M. R. (2018). Peran Media Gambar Berseri Dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Kemampuan Menulis Karangan Bahasa Arab. El-Ibtikar: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 7(2), Article 2. Https://Doi.Org/10.24235/Ibtikar.V7i2.3363",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 656,
"width": 428,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Shalihah, H. H. (2018). Penerapan Metode Make A Match Berbasis Pancingan Kata Untuk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 669,
"width": 393,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menulis Bahasa Arab. Alsuniyat: Jurnal Penelitian Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Budaya Arab, 1(2), Article 2. Https://Doi.Org/10.17509/Alsuniyat.V1i2.23553",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 715,
"width": 429,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sofiyah, S. (2019). Penggunaan Media Gambar Realitas Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Bahasa Arab Pada Siswa Kelas Xi Man 2 Rembang. Maharaat: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 1(2), Article 2. Https://Doi.Org/10.18196/Mht.131",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 35,
"width": 347,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Marheni Br Maha, Azkiyatul Adawiyah Farid Hasem Al-Askary, Anjari Novianta Br Maha",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 294,
"top": 795,
"width": 216,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PALAPA : Jurnal Studi Keislaman dan Ilmu Pendidikan",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 794,
"width": 20,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "334",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 429,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sukma, L. R. G., Prayitno, S., Baidowi, B., & Amrullah, A. (2022). Pengembangan Aplikasi Augmented Reality Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Datar Kelas Viii Smp Negeri 13 Mataram. Palapa, 10(2), Article 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 126,
"width": 428,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Https://Doi.Org/10.36088/Palapa.V10i2.1897 Takdir, T. (2020). Problematika Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab. Naskhi: Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Dan Bahasa Arab, 2(1), Article 1. Https://Doi.Org/10.47435/Naskhi.V2i1.290",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 190,
"width": 428,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Zaki, M. (2021). Urgensi Bahan Ajar Bahasa Arab Sebagai Penentu Dalam Proses Belajar Mengajar. Al- Af’idah: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab Dan Pengajarannya, 5(1), Article 1. Https://Doi.Org/10.52266/Al-Afidah.V5i1.876",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 235,
"width": 428,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Zaki, M. (2022). Bahasa Arab Dan Bahan Pembelajarannya. Al- Af’idah: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab Dan Pengajarannya, 6(1), Article 1. Https://Doi.Org/10.52266/Al- Afidah.V6i1.893",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 281,
"width": 428,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Zamroni, M., Sagala, R., Akmansya, M., Erlina, E., & Koderi, K. (2023). Interactive Media",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 294,
"width": 428,
"height": 119,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Development Of Articulate Storyline Application For Mts Level Arabic Learning. Jurnal Pendidikan Glasser, 7(1), Article 1. Https://Doi.Org/10.32529/Glasser.V7i1.2228 Zarkasyi, A. H., Fauziah, S. A. B. N., & Hanina, G. (2022). Developing Teaching Aids For The Arabic Language Book In Reading Skill On Powerpoint Android. Ijaz Arabi Journal Of Arabic Learning, 5(2), Article 2. Https://Doi.Org/10.18860/Ijazarabi.V5i2.15480 Zuhriyah, N. (2018). Konsep Arba’ah Al -Mahârât Al-Lughât Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 412,
"width": 392,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arab. Al- Af’idah: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab Dan Pengajarannya, 2(1), Article 1. Https://Doi.Org/10.52266/Al-Afidah.V2i1.163",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
7dd52451-7af8-e4ce-1491-e8e38c4e3474 | http://ekonomis.unbari.ac.id/index.php/ojsekonomis/article/download/1065/571 | [
{
"left": 158,
"top": 39,
"width": 282,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ekonomis: Journal of Economics and Business",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 202,
"top": 55,
"width": 196,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Vol 8, No 1 (2024): Maret, 26-35",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 124,
"top": 70,
"width": 349,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Universitas Batanghari Jambi Address: Jl. Slamet Ryadi, Broni-Jambi Kodepos: 36122 Webite: http://ekonomis.unbari.ac.id, email: [email protected] ISSN 2597-8829 (Online), DOI: 10.33087/ekonomis.v8i1.1065",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 796,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "26",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 143,
"top": 130,
"width": 317,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia Memoderasi Determinan Senjangan Anggaran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 150,
"top": 179,
"width": 298,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nur Faizah, Gideon Setyo Budiwitjaksono*, Vicky Vendy",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 180,
"top": 192,
"width": 238,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur *Correspondence: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 226,
"width": 51,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 238,
"width": 454,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis partisipasi penyusunan anggaran dan kejelasan sasaran anggaran terhadap senjangan anggaran yang dimoderasi oleh kualitas sumber daya manusia pada BLUD Puskesmas di Kabupaten Jombang. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 34 BLUD Puskesmas di Kabupaten Jombang dengan subjek penelitian berupa penanggungjawab ketatausahaan, penanggung jawab perencanaan pengelolaan data dan informasi serta penanggung jawab keuangan dari BLUD Puskesmas. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 25 BLUD Puskesmas yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan rumus slovin, sehingga menghasilkan responden sejumlah 75 pegawai. Teknik pengumpulan sampel yang digunakan adalah simple random sampling dengan metode undian. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis partial least square (PLS). Tahapan yang digunakan dalam teknik analisis PLS terdiri dari analisa outer model, analisa inner model, dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi penyusunan anggaran berpengaruh positif terhadap senjangan anggaran, kejelasan sasaran anggaran berpengaruh negatif terhadap senjangan anggaran, kualitas sumber daya manusia tidak mampu memoderasi partisipasi penyusunan anggaran terhadap senjangan anggaran, dan kualitas sumber daya manusia mampu memoderasi kejelasan sasaran anggaran terhadap senjangan anggaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 410,
"width": 397,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata kunci : anggaran; kualitas sumber daya manusia; penyusunan anggaran; senjangan anggaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 433,
"width": 54,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 445,
"width": 454,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The study aims to analyze budget participation and budget clarity on budgetary slack, are moderated by human resources quality at BLUD Puskesmas in Jombang Regency. The population of this study are 34 BLUD Puskesmas di Jombang Regency with the research subjects are administration coordinator, data planning and management coordinator, and financial coordinator from BLUD Puskesmas. The number of samples in this study is 25 BLUD Puskesmas that obtained by using slovin formula, resulting in a total of 75 employees as respondents. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling with lottery method. The type research is quantitive research with the Partial Least Square (PLS) The steps used in PLS analysis technique are outer model analysis, inner model analysis, and hypothesis test. The result show that budget participation has a positive effect on budgetary slack, budget clarity has a negative effect on budgetary slack, human resources quality is not able to moderate budget participation on budgetary slack, and human resources quality is able to moderate budget clarity on budgetary slack.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 583,
"width": 326,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords : budget; quality of human resources; budget preparation; budget gap.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 607,
"width": 88,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 620,
"width": 454,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kebijakan otonomi daerah merupakan akibat dari dianutnya asas desentralisasi dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan negara. Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah menyatakan bahwa pemerintah daerah berhak mengatur dan mengurus sendiri urusan pemerintahan dan kepentingan masyarakat setempat sesuai dengan asas otonomi. Adanya otonomi daerah memberikan peluang bagi pemerintah daerah untuk dapat menggali lebih dalam potensi daerah agar tercipta pelayanan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat yang meningkat dan menjadi lebih baik. Kesejahteraan masyarakat dapat dilihat dari pembangunan yang ada di daerah. Tingkat keberhasilan pembangunan daerah dapat diukur melalui Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) meliputi pendidikan, kesehatan, pendapatan per kapita dan percepatan pembangunan daerah otonom.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 734,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dalam upaya untuk meningkatkan pembangunan kesehatan di daerah, Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (Puskesmas) mempunyai peran penting dalam menyelenggarakan pelayanan kesehatan di lingkup kelurahan dan kecamatan. Puskesmas di Kabupaten Jombang merupakan Badan Layanan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 395,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nur Faizah et al., Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia Memoderasi Determinan Senjangan Anggaran",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 796,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "27",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 454,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Umum Daerah (BLUD). Badan Layanan Umum Daerah merupakan sistem yang diterapkan instansi pemerintah dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat berupa penyediaan barang dan/atau jasa yang dijual tanpa mengutamakan keuntungan serta mempunyai fleksibilitas dalam pola pengelolaan keuangan termasuk pengelolaan pendapatan dan belanja. Puskesmas menyusun Rencana Bisnis dan Anggaran (RBA) untuk alokasi anggaran BLUD dan Rencana Kerja Anggaran (RKA) untuk alokasi anggaran APBD yang kemudian diubah menjadi RBA (Precilia & Mimba, 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 150,
"width": 454,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Anggaran merupakan salah satu proses penting dalam pengelolaan keuangan daerah. Hal ini dikarenakan anggaran menjadi alat untuk mengukur kemampuan pemerintah dalam melaksanakan berbagai aktivitas atau program yang menjadi prioritas daerah (Khasanah & Kristanti, 2020). Di Indonesia, dalam pelaksanaan anggaran terdapat banyak kegiatan atau program yang telah direncanakan dan dianggarkan oleh pemerintah daerah tidak dapat terlaksana dengan baik. Hal tersebut dapat menyebabkan anggaran pendapatan dan belanja daerah tidak dapat terserap 100 persen, sehingga dapat menimbulkan permasalahan yang disebut dengan senjangan anggaran. Suatu anggaran dikatakan mengalami kesenjangan ketika terjadi selisih antara anggaran dan realisasi pendapatan dan belanja, baik realisasi pendapatan dan belanja yang menunjukkan lebih maupun kurang dari anggaran yang ditargetkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 277,
"width": 454,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Melansir berita dari Radarjombangjawapos (2020) dan Layangco (2021), serapan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah (APBD) berupa belanja pada masing – masing Organisasi Pemerintah Daerah (OPD) di tahun 2020 ditargetkan dapat menyerap 85 – 90 persen. Berdasarkan Laporan Serapan dan Capaian Kinerja Tahun 2020, dari 40 OPD di lingkungan Pemerintah Kabupaten Jombang, 29 OPD telah merealisasikan serapan anggaran di atas 85 persen, sementara 11 OPD lainnya dapat merealisasikan di bawah 85 persen termasuk Dinas Kesehatan yang menduduki urutan tiga terendah dalam serapan APBD sebesar 64,07 persen (Layangco, 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 378,
"width": 38,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 1",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 391,
"width": 346,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Realisasi Pendapatan dan Belanja Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Jombang",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 164,
"top": 404,
"width": 270,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tahun Uraian Anggaran (Rp) Realiasi (Rp) 2017 Pendapatan 79,108,653,415.00 57,427,296,063.00 Belanja 179,568,993,842.00 145,958,699,945.77 2018 Pendapatan 62,935,385,415.00 60,256,598,875.00 Belanja 248,912,805,220.06 162,378,806,418.67 2019 Pendapatan 62,177,591,730.00 66,902,520,418.00 Belanja 232,749,702,287.34 193,182,373,630.73 2020 Pendapatan 70,513,338,989.64 64,591,798,189.89 Belanja 319,275,238,866.22 226,577,183,385.42 2021 Pendapatan 70,764,299,065.00 65,678,568,877.86 Belanja 242,600,764,930.00 209,204,214,917.50",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 531,
"width": 235,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sumber: LRA Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Jombang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 557,
"width": 454,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 1 menunjukkan bahwa realisasi pendapatan dan belanja Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Jombang tahun 2017 – 2021 sangat bervariasi. Serapan anggaran pendapatan tertinggi terdapat pada tahun 2019 sebesar 62.177.591.730,00 dan realisasi sebesar 66.902.520.418,00 artinya capaian pendapatan lebih besar dari perencanaan pendapatan. Sedangkan serapan anggaran pendapatan terendah terdapat pada tahun 2017 sebesar 79.108.653.415,00 dan realisasi sebesar 57.427.296.063,00 artinya capaian pendapatan lebih kecil dari perencanaan pendapatan. Serapan anggaran belanja tertinggi terdapat pada tahun 2021 sebesar 242.600.764.930,00 dan realisasi sebesar 209.204.214.917,50 artinya capaian belanja lebih kecil dari perencanaan pendapatan. Sedangkan serapan anggaran belanja terendah terdapat pada tahun 2018 sebesar 248.912.805.220,06 dan realisasi sebesar 162.378.806.418,67 artinya capaian belanja lebih kecil dari perencanaan pendapatan. Laporan Realisasi Anggaran Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Jombang merupakan hasil konsolidasi Laporan Realisasi Anggaran unit pelaksana teknis daerah termasuk Puskesmas yang ada di Kabupaten Jombang. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat senjangan anggaran yang terjadi pada Puskesmas di Kabupaten Jombang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 734,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut Putra & Suryanawa (2019), partisipasi penyusunan anggaran merupakan keterlibatan berbagai pihak yang ada di suatu organisasi atau lingkup kerja termasuk manajer dan bawahannya untuk menentukan dan menyusun anggaran. Bawahan akan memberikan informasi yang aktual",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 395,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nur Faizah et al., Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia Memoderasi Determinan Senjangan Anggaran",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 796,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "28",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 454,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kepada atasan untuk menghasilkan kebijakan yang tepat dalam hal anggaran karena bawahan mengetahui kegiatan operasional organisasi yang perlu direncanakan dan dilaksanakan secara optimal. Penelitian Agustianto (2019), Khasanah & Kristanti (2020), Aira & Rimet (2021), dan Masuku (2021) membuktikan bahwa partisipasi penyusunan anggaran berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap senjangan anggaran. Namun, penelitian Mendi & Suparsto (2019), Dewi & Yuhertiana (2022), dan Taufiqurrahman & Widajantie (2022) membuktikan bahwa partisipasi anggaran tidak berpengaruh terhadap senjangan anggaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 163,
"width": 454,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kejelasan sasaran anggaran merupakan seberapa jauh tujuan anggaran ditetapkan secara jelas dan spesifik dengan tujuan agar anggaran dapat dipahami dengan mudah oleh orang yang bertanggung jawab dalam pelaksanaan atau pencapaian anggaran (Agustini et al., 2019). Penelitian Sari & Mohklas (2018), Ibrahim (2020), dan Precilia & Mimba (2020) menunjukkan bahwa kejelasan sasaran anggaran berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap senjangan anggaran. Namun, penelitian Khasanah & Kristanti (2020) dan Pradita & Susilowati (2021) menunjukkan bahwa kejelasan sasaran anggaran bepengaruh positif terhadap senjangan anggaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 252,
"width": 454,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini menambahkan variabel moderasi yaitu kualitas sumber daya manusia. Faktor ini juga menjadi salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi senjangan anggaran. Menurut Juita (2013); Silfiani et al. (2021), Kualitas sumber daya manusia merupakan kemampuan individu dalam melaksanakan tugas dan tanggung jawab yang diberikan kepadanya dengan dilihat dari latar belakang pendidikan, pelatihan, dan pengalaman. Penelitian mengenai pengaruh partisipasi penyusunan anggaran dan kejelasaran sasaran anggaran terhadap senjangan anggaran telah banyak dilakukan, namun masih menunjukkan hasil yang beragam dan terdapat ketidakkonsistenan dalam hasil penelitian tersebut. Urgensi penelitian ini menunjukkan senjangan anggaran pendapatan menggambarkan instansi pemerintah belum mampu menggali potensi daerah sebagai sumber penerimaan dan senjangan anggaran belanja menggambarkan kegiatan yang sudah direncanakan belum mampu dilaksanakan secara optimal. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis partisipasi penyusunan anggaran dan kejelasan sasaran anggaran terhadap senjangan anggaran yang dimoderasi oleh kualitas sumber daya manusia pada BLUD Puskesmas di Kabupaten Jombang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 441,
"width": 74,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Literatur Teori Keagenan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 467,
"width": 454,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Teori keagenan oleh Jensen & Meckling (1976) menjelaskan cara mengorganisir hubungan antara prinsipal dan agen. Hubungan keagenan dalam pemerintahan melibatkan dua pihak melakukan kesepakatan atau kontrak yaitu atasan dan bawahan. Atasan sebagai prinsipal memberikan kewenangan kepada pihak lain, sedangkan bawahan sebagai agen menerima kewenangan untuk menjalankan organisasi. Adanya perbedaan kepentingan antara prinsipal dan agen menyebabkan agen melakukan tindakan yang tidak sesuai dengan kepentingan prinsipal yaitu dengan mengusulkan anggaran yang tidak wajar dan tidak sesuai dengan prioritas (Agustianto, 2019; Halim, 2002).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 568,
"width": 110,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Teori Penetapan Tujuan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 581,
"width": 454,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Teori penetapan tujuan oleh Locke (1968) menjelaskan hubungan antara tujuan dan kinerja. Adanya tujuan yang jelas dan spesifik menyebabkan kinerja organisasi menjadi lebih baik karena tujuan yang mudah dicapai (Siswiraningtyas & Yuhertiana, 2021). Dengan ini, individu yang memahami tujuan dan sasaran anggaran yang jelas akan mempunyai kinerja yang lebih baik karena mereka mengetahui apa yang seharusnya dikerjakan sehingga dapat meminimalisir senjangan anggaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 669,
"width": 116,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengembangan Hipotesis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 682,
"width": 339,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Partisipasi Penyusunan Anggaran terhadap Senjangan Anggaran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 694,
"width": 454,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Partisipasi penyusunan anggaran merupakan individu yang ada dalam organisasi termasuk atasan dan bawahan yang terlibat dalam penyusunan anggaran organisasi. Hal ini dapat dijelaskan dengan teori keagenan (Agustianto, 2019; Halim, 2002) yang menjelaskan adanya kesepakatan atau kontrak yaitu atasan (prinsipal) dan bawahan (agen). Bawahan menerima kewenangan untuk menjalankan organisasi yaitu menyusun anggaran organisasi karena bawahan mempunyai informasi yang lebih banyak mengenai kegiatan atau program yang direncanakan. Dengan demikian, partisipasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 395,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nur Faizah et al., Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia Memoderasi Determinan Senjangan Anggaran",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 796,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "29",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 454,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "penyusunan anggaran memberikan kesempatan besar bagi bawahan untuk menimbulkan senjangan anggaran karena bawahan ingin mencapai target dengan mudah sehingga kinerjanya terlihat baik oleh atasan (Wardhana & Gayatri, 2018). Hasil penelitian Agustianto (2019), Khasanah & Kristanti (2020), Aira & Rimet (2021) dan Masuku (2021) menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi penyusunan anggaran berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap senjangan anggaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 138,
"width": 388,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "H1: Partisipasi penyusunan anggaran berpengaruh positif terhadap senjangan anggaran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 163,
"width": 317,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Kejelasan Sasaran Anggaran terhadap Senjangan Anggaran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 176,
"width": 454,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kejelasan sasaran anggaran merupakan sejauh mana anggaran disusun secara jelas dan spesifik sesuai dengan tujuan organisasi. Sasaran anggaran yang disusun secara jelas harus dipahami oleh individu yang bertanggung jawab dalam menyusun dan melaksanakan anggaran, sehingga dapat digunakan untuk mengukur keberhasilan atau kegagalan dalam melaksanakan anggaran (Sari & Mohklas, 2018). Hal ini dapat dijelaskan dengan teori penetapan tujuan di mana tujuan yang jelas dan spesifik menyebabkan kinerja organisasi menjadi lebih baik karena tujuan yang mudah dicapai (Siswiraningtyas & Yuhertiana, 2021). Hasil penelitian Sari & Mohklas (2018), Ibrahim (2020), dan Precilia & Mimba (2020) menunjukkan bahwa kejelasan sasaran anggaran berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap senjangan anggaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 290,
"width": 365,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "H2: Kejelasan sasaran anggaran berpengaruh negatif terhadap senjangan anggaran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 315,
"width": 454,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia Memoderasi Partisipasi Penyusunan Anggaran terhadap Senjangan Anggaran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 340,
"width": 454,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Individu yang berkualitas merupakan kepribadian seseorang yang berkaitan dengan pengetahuan dan keterampilan serta diwujudkan melalui perbuatannya. Adanya kualitas sumber daya manusia akan mendorong individu dalam organisasi untuk ikut terlibat dalam proses penyusunan anggaran sehingga dapat menimbulkan terjadinya senjangan anggaran. Hal ini disebabkan adanya motivasi untuk tidak bekerja terlalu keras dalam mencapai target sehingga kinerjanya dinilai baik (Irawati & Mutiara, 2018). Dalam penelitian ini menduga adanya kualitas sumber daya manusia mampu memoderasi partisipasi anggaran terhadap senjangan anggaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 429,
"width": 454,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "H3: Kualitas sumber daya manusia mampu memoderasi partisipasi penyusunan anggaran terhadap senjangan anggaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 467,
"width": 454,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia Memoderasi Kejelasan Sasaran Anggaran terhadap Senjangan Anggaran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 492,
"width": 454,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kualitas sumber daya manusia terbentuk dari pendidikan baik secara formal maupun nonformal serta pengalaman. Individu yang mempunyai pengetahuan dan pengalaman yang cukup mampu mengalokasikan sasaran anggaran sesuai dengan tujuan organisasi secara optimal. Hal ini menunjukkan individu yang berkualitas dapat mendukung tercapainya tujuan dan sasaran dalam suatu organisasi termasuk dalam proses penyusunan anggaran sehingga dapat meminimalisisr terjadinya senjangan anggaran (Khasanah & Kristanti, 2020). Dalam penelitian ini menduga kualitas sumber daya manusia mampu memoderasi kejelasan sasaran anggaran terhadap senjangan anggaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 581,
"width": 454,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "H4: Kualitas sumber daya mampu memoderasi kejelasan sasaran anggaran terhadap senjangan anggaran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 619,
"width": 52,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "METODE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 631,
"width": 454,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian yang menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Objek penelitian dalam penelitian ini merupakan variabel yang diteliti yaitu partisipasi penyusunan anggaran, kejelasan sasaran anggaran, kualitas sumber daya manusia, dan senjangan anggaran. Subjek penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah Penanggung Jawab Ketatausahaan, Penanggung Jawab Perencanaan Pengelolaan Data dan Informasi, serta Penanggung Jawab Keuangan dari BLUD Puskesmas di Kabupaten Jombang. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 34 BLUD Puskesmas di Kabupaten Jombang. Penentuan jumlah sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini diperoleh dengan menggunakan rumus slovin, sehingga jumlah sampel yang dapat digunakan adalah 25 BLUD Puskesmas di Kabupaten Jombang dengan jumlah responden yang digunakan sebanyak 75 orang. Teknik pengumpulan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah simple random sampling dengan metode undian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 395,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nur Faizah et al., Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia Memoderasi Determinan Senjangan Anggaran",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 796,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "30",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 454,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Variabel dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari variabel eksogen, variabel endogen, dan variabel moderasi. Variabel eksogen dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari partisipasi penyusunan anggaran dan kejelasan sasaran anggaran. Variabel endogen dalam penelitian ini adalah senjangan anggaran. Variabel moderasi dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitas sumber daya manusia. Teknik pengukuran variabel yang digunakan adalah teknik likert dengan skala ordinal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 151,
"width": 452,
"height": 184,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 2 Operasionalisasi Variabel Variabel Definisi Indikator Partisipasi Penyusunan Anggaran (PPA) Proses melibatkan individu dalam organisasi untuk menyusun anggaran. a. Keikutsertaan dalam penyusunan anggaran b. Pengaruh dalam anggaran akhir c. Frekuensi permintaan pendapat d. Frekuensi menyampaikan pendapat e. Alasan merevisi anggaran f. Kontribusi pimpinan dalam penyusunan anggaran (Aira & Rimet, 2021) Kejelasan Sasaran Anggaran (KSA) Anggaran harus disusun dengan jelas dan spesifik agar memudahkan individu yang bertanggung jawab dalam pencapaian sasaran anggaran. a. Tujuan b. Kinerja c. Standar",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 314,
"width": 452,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Jangka waktu e. Sasaran prioritas f. Tingkat kesulitan g. Koordinasi (Masruhin & Kaukab, 2019) Senjangan Anggaran (SA) Selisih yang muncul antara anggaran dan realisasi pada pendapatan maupun belanja. a. Standar anggaran b. Pencapaian anggaran c. Keterbatasan jumlah anggaran d. Penekanan anggaran e. Efisiensi anggaran f. Target anggaran (Pradita & Susilowati, 2021; Saputra et al., 2017) Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia (KSDM) Individu yang mempunyai pengetahuan sehingga mampu mengoptimalkan sumber daya yang ada pada dirinya. a. Latar belakang pendidikan b. Pengetahuan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 343,
"top": 464,
"width": 69,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Pengalaman",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 343,
"top": 475,
"width": 147,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Keterampilan e. Pelatihan f. Perilaku pegawai (Anisa, 2017)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 511,
"width": 93,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sumber: data olahan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 536,
"width": 454,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jenis dan sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari data primer yang diperoleh dari penyebaran kuesioner secara langsung kepada responden. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah Partial Least Square (PLS). Menurut Sholihin & Ratmono (2021), terdapat tiga tahapan dalam teknik analisis PLS yaitu analisa outer model, analisa inner model, dan uji hipotesis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 612,
"width": 40,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "HASIL",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 637,
"width": 41,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 3",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 228,
"top": 650,
"width": 142,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambaran umum Responden",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 663,
"width": 422,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Frekuensi Jenis Kelamin Usia Pendidikan Terakhir Latar Belakang Pendidikan Masa Kerja L P 40-50 th >50 th D S1 Ak Lainnya >10 th Absolut 8 67 38 37 47 28 5 70 75 Persentase 11% 89% 51% 49% 63% 37% 7% 93% 100%",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 722,
"width": 93,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sumber: data olahan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 747,
"width": 302,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 3 menunjukkan deskripsi identitas responden sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 395,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nur Faizah et al., Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia Memoderasi Determinan Senjangan Anggaran",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 796,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "31",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 454,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Berdasarkan jenis kelamin, sebagian besar responden berjenis kelamin perempuan sebanyak 67 orang (89%), sementara responden yang berjenis kelamin laki-laki sebanyak 8 orang (11%).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 100,
"width": 454,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Berdasarkan usia, responden didominasi oleh pegawai yang berusia 40-50 tahun sebanyak 38 orang (51%), sementara pegawai yang berusia >50 tahun sebanyak 37 orang (49%).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 125,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Berdasarkan jenjang pendidikan terakhir, responden didominasi oleh pegawai dengan pendidikan terakhir Diploma sebanyak 47 orang (63%), sementara pegawai dengan pendidikan terakhir S1 sebanyak 28 orang (37%).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 163,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Berdasarkan latar belakang pendidikan, responden dengan latar belakang pendidikan akuntansi hanya sebanyak 5 orang (7%), sementara responden dengan latar belakang pendidikan lainnya sebanyak 70 orang (93%).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 201,
"width": 364,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. Berdasarkan masa kerja, 75 responden (100%) telah bekerja selama >10 tahun.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 227,
"width": 38,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 4",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 250,
"top": 239,
"width": 98,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nilai Outer Loading",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 185,
"top": 252,
"width": 228,
"height": 239,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Indikator PPA KSA SA KSDM Hasil PPA.1 0.739 -0.049 -0.090 -0.125 Valid PPA.2 0.835 -0.016 0.185 -0.046 Valid PPA.3 0.781 0.208 -0.019 -0.036 Valid PPA.4 0.731 0.142 -0.190 0.108 Valid PPA.5 0.785 -0.216 -0.012 0.060 Valid PPA.6 0.730 -0.065 0.104 0.045 Valid KSA.1 -0.083 0.746 0.114 -0.127 Valid KSA.2 -0.190 0.600 0.100 0.011 Valid KSA.4 0.018 0.723 -0.256 0.072 Valid KSA.5 0.106 0.766 0.034 -0.103 Valid KSA.6 0.102 0.798 0.018 0.145 Valid SA.3 -0.076 0.105 0.836 0.040 Valid SA.4 0.031 0.014 0.888 -0.116 Valid SA.5 -0.028 -0.025 0.783 -0.061 Valid SA.6 0.081 -0.113 0.720 0.162 Valid KSDM.2 0.137 -0.073 0.061 0.882 Valid KSDM.3 -0.004 -0.361 -0.166 0.696 Valid KSDM.4 0.031 0.072 -0.383 0.686 Valid KSDM.5 -0.003 0.314 0.130 0.627 Valid KSDM.6 -0.193 0.097 0.340 0.713 Valid",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 495,
"width": 93,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sumber: data olahan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 520,
"width": 455,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 4 menunjukkan bahwa indikator PPA.1; PPA.2; PPA.3; PPA.4; PPA.5; PPA.6; KSA.1; KSA.2 KSA.4; KSA.5; KSA.6; SA.2; SA.3; SA.4; SA.5; KSDM.2; KSDM.3; KSDM.4; KSDM.5; KSDM.6 menghasilkan nilai loading >0,6 sehingga nilai loading factor pada indikator partisipasi penyusunan anggaran, kejelasan sasaran anggaran, senjangan anggaran, dan kualitas sumber daya manusia telah memenuhi nilai yang disarankan yaitu >0,6 dan dapat dikatakan valid. Selain itu, masing – masing indikator pada konstruk memiliki nilai cross loading lebih besar daripada nilai cross loading konstruk lainnya, sehingga dapat dinyatakan valid. Uji reliabilitas dapat dilakukan dengan melihat nilai composite reliability dan cronbach’s alpha >0,7, sehingga dapat diartikan mempunyai tingkat reliabilitas yang tinggi (Sholihin & Ratmono, 2021). Tabel 6 menunjukkan bawah seluruh variabel telah memenuhi syarat reliabilitas yaitu nilai composite reliability dan cronbach’s alpha >0,7. Hal ini berarti bahwa masing-masing variabel memiliki tingkat reliabilitas yang tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 672,
"width": 38,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 5",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 685,
"width": 402,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Composite Reliability dan Cronbach’s Alpha Variabel Composite Reliability Cronbach's Alpha Partisipasi Penyusunan Anggaran (X1) 0.896 0.860 Kejelasan Sasaran Anggaran (X2) 0.850 0.778 Senjangan Anggaran (Y) 0.883 0.822 Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia (Z) 0.846 0.770 Sumber: data olahan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 395,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nur Faizah et al., Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia Memoderasi Determinan Senjangan Anggaran",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 796,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "32",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 75,
"width": 38,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 6",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 228,
"top": 87,
"width": 142,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nilai R-Square dan Q-Square",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 100,
"width": 300,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "R-Square Adjusted R-Square Q-Square Senjangan Anggaran (Y) 0.286 0.245 0.293",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 124,
"width": 93,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sumber: data olahan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 149,
"width": 455,
"height": 125,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 6 menunjukkan bahwa nilai R 2 pada variabel senjangan anggaran sebesar 0,245. Hal ini berarti variabel partisipasi penyusunan anggaran, kejelasan sasaran anggaran, dan kualitas sumber daya manusia sebagai pemoderasi mampu mempengaruhi senjangan anggaran sebesar 24,5%, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 75,5% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini. Selain itu, nilai Q 2 pada variabel senjangan anggaran sebesar 0,293. Hal ini berarti model struktural pada penelitian ini mengestimasi parameter dan menghasilkan nilai observasi pada variabel senjangan anggaran sebesar 0,293. Pengujian hipotesis pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melihat nilai path coefficient dan nilai signifikansi p- value . Nilai path coefficient mempunyai nilai standar antara -1 sampai dengan +1, sementara nilai signifikansi p- value dengan alpha 5% adalah <0,05 (Sholihin & Ratmono, 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 289,
"width": 38,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 7",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 162,
"top": 302,
"width": 274,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil Uji Hipotesis β P-value Keterangan PPA → SA 0.352 0.001 H1 Diterima KSA → SA -0.234 0.016 H2 Diterima KSDM memoderasi PPA → SA 0.066 0.281 H3 Ditolak KSDM memoderasi KSA → SA -0.192 0.040 H4 Diterima",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 373,
"width": 93,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sumber: data olahan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 398,
"width": 195,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 7 menunjukkan hasil sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 411,
"width": 454,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Hasil uji hipotesis partisipasi penyusunan anggaran terhadap senjangan anggaran menghasilkan nilai koefisien regresi sebesar 0,352 dan nilai p- value sebesar <0,001. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi penyusunan anggaran berpengaruh positif terhadap senjangan anggaran maka H1 diterima.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 462,
"width": 455,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Hasil uji hipotesis kejelasan sasaran anggaran terhadap senjangan anggaran menghasilkan nilai koefisien regresi sebesar -0,234 dan nilai p- value sebesar 0,016. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kejelasan sasaran anggaran berpengaruh negatif terhadap senjangan anggaran maka H2 diterima.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 500,
"width": 454,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Hasil uji hipotesis kualitas sumber daya manusia sebagai pemoderasi partisipasi penyusunan anggaran terhadap senjangan anggaran menghasilkan nilai koefisien regresi sebesar 0,066 dan nilai p- value sebesar 0,281. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas sumber daya manusia tidak mampu memoderasi partisipasi penyusunan anggaran terhadap senjangan anggaran maka H3 ditolak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 550,
"width": 454,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Hasil uji hipotesis kualitas sumber daya manusia sebagai pemoderasi kejelasan sasaran anggan terhadap senjangan anggaran menghasilkan nilai koefisien regresi sebesar -0,192 dan nilai p- value sebesar 0,040. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas sumber daya manusia mampu memoderasi kejelasan sasaran anggaran terhadap senjangan anggaran maka H4 diterima.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 601,
"width": 454,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji hipotesis pertama menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi penyusunan anggaran berpengaruh positif terhadap senjangan anggaran. Partisipasi penyusunan anggaran menjadi unsur utama dalam proses penyusunan anggaran organisasi, sehingga sangat berpengaruh dalam peningkatan terjadinya senjangan anggaran. Partisipasi penyusunan anggaran melibatkan individu dalam organisasi termasuk atasan dan bawahannya untuk menentukan dan menyusun anggaran. Hasil penelitian sesuai dengan teori keagenan di mana adanya perbedaan kepentingan antara atasan (prinsipal) dan bawahan (agen) menyebabkan agen melakukan tindakan yang tidak sesuai dengan kepentingan prinsipal seperti senjangan anggaran (Agustianto, 2019; Halim, 2002). Partisipasi dalam penyusunan anggaran juga memberikan kesempatan yang besar bagi bawahan untuk menimbulkan senjangan anggaran karena adanya keinginan untuk mencapai target dengan mudah sehingga kinerjanya akan terlihat baik oleh atasan (Wardhana & Gayatri, 2018). Hasil penelitian ini sesuai dengan penelitian Agustianto (2019), Khasanah & Kristanti (2020), Aira & Rimet (2021), dan Masuku (2021) namun tidak sesuai dengan penelitian Mendi & Suparsto (2019), Dewi & Yuhertiana (2022), dan Taufiqurrahman & Widajantie",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 395,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nur Faizah et al., Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia Memoderasi Determinan Senjangan Anggaran",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 796,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "33",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 454,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(2022). Berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu dan teori keagenan, hasil penelitian ini dapat mendukung penelitian sebelumnya yang menjelaskan bahwa partisipasi penyusunan anggaran berpengaruh positif terhadap senjangan anggaran. Artinya semakin meningkatnya partisipasi dalam penyusunan anggaran akan meningkatkan terjadinya senjangan anggaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 125,
"width": 454,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji hipotesis kedua menunjukkan bahwa kejelasan sasaran anggaran berpengaruh negatif terhadap senjangan anggaran. Kejelasan sasaran anggaran berperan dalam meminimalisir terjadinya senjangan anggaran karena kejelasan sasaran anggaran mempermudah untuk mempertanggungjawabkan hasil yang diperoleh dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan dan mengukur tingkat keberhasilan atau kegagalan dalam pelaksanaan tersebut. Hasil penelitian sesuai dengan teori penetapan tujuan di mana adanya tujuan yang jelas dan spesifik menyebabkan kinerja organisasi menjadi lebih baik karena tujuan yang mudah dicapai (Siswiraningtyas & Yuhertiana, 2021). Hasil penelitian ini sesuai dengan penelitian Sari & Mohklas (2018) dan Ibrahim (2020) namun tidak sesuai dengan penelitian Khasanah & Kristanti (2020) dan Pradita & Susilowati (2021). Berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu dan teori penetapan tujuan, hasil penelitian ini dapat mendukung penelitian sebelumnya yang menjelaskan bahwa kejelasan sasaran anggaran berpengaruh negatif terhadap senjangan anggaran. Artinya semakin meningkatnya kejelasan dalam sasaran anggaran akan mengurangi terjadinya senjangan anggaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 290,
"width": 454,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji hipotesis ketiga menunjukkan bahwa kualitas sumber daya manusia tidak mampu memoderasi partisipasi penyusunan anggaran terhadap senjangan anggaran. Kualitas sumber daya manusia tidak menjadi faktor utama dan faktor pendukung individu dalam organisasi untuk berpartisipasi dalam proses penyusunan anggaran. Hal ini dikarenakan kualitas sumber daya manusia yang terbentuk dari pengetahuan dan keterampilan tidak dapat digunakan untuk menilai tingkat motivasi manajemen dalam keterlibatan proses penyusunan anggaran (Irawati & Mutiara, 2018). Individu yang mempunyai kualitas yang baik tetapi tidak mengikuti proses penyusunan anggaran tidak dapat dikatakan sebagai partisipan dalam penyusunan anggaran. Oleh karena itu, partisipan dalam penyusunan anggaran merupakan individu yang terlibat langsung dalam menyusun anggaran dan memberikan kontribusinya mengenai penyusunan anggaran organisasi. Berdasarkan data responden, seluruh responden dalam penelitian ini mempunyai jabatan sebagai penanggung jawab bidang, sehingga mempunyai kontribusi yang penting dalam penyusunan anggaran meskipun hanya terdapat 7% responden yang mempunyai latar belakang pendidikan sesuai yaitu akuntansi. Dengan demikian, kualitas sumber daya manusia tidak mampu menjelaskan terjadinya senjangan anggaran melalui partisipasinya saat proses penyusunan anggaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 479,
"width": 454,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji hipotesis keempat menunjukkan bahwa kualitas sumber daya manusia mampu memoderasi kejelasan sasaran anggaran terhadap senjangan anggaran. Kualitas sumber daya manusia merupakan kemampuan individu dalam melaksanakan tugas dan tanggung jawab yang diberikan kepadanya (Juita, 2013; Silfiani et al., 2021). Berdasarkan data responden, sebagian besar responden dalam penelitian ini mempunyai latar belakang pendidikan di bidang kesehatan, namun seluruh responden dalam penelitian ini mempunyai jabatan struktural dan masa kerja lebih dari 10 tahun. Responden yang mempunyai pengetahuan dan pengalaman cukup mengenai anggaran akan mampu mengalokasikan sumber daya berdasarkan sasaran anggaran secara optimal. Dengan demikian, kualitas sumber daya manusia mampu memoderasi kejelasan sasaran anggaran terhadap senjangan anggaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 619,
"width": 59,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "SIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 631,
"width": 454,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pengujian yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa partisipasi penyusunan anggaran berpengaruh positif terhadap senjangan anggaran, kejelasan sasaran anggaran berpengaruh negatif terhadap senjangan anggaran, kualitas sumber daya manusia tidak mampu memoderasi partisipasi penyusunan anggaran terhadap senjangan anggaran, dan kualitas sumber daya manusia mampu memoderasi kejelasan sasaran anggaran terhadap senjangan anggaran. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai gambaran bagi puskesmas dalam menentukan partisipan penyusunan anggaran dan menyusun sasaran anggaran secara detail dan spesifik. Selain itu, pihak puskesmas perlu memperhatikan kualitas sumber daya manusia agar dalam pelaksanaannya dapat mencapai tujuan yang sudah direncanakan secara optimal. Keterbatasan dalam penelitian ini adalah nilai R-square yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini masih tergolong lemah dan generalisasi populasi terbatas hanya pada BLUD Puskesmas. Saran yang dapat diberikan peneliti untuk penelitian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 395,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nur Faizah et al., Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia Memoderasi Determinan Senjangan Anggaran",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 796,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "34",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "selanjutnya dapat menambahkan variabel lain dan memperluas populasi penelitian agar dapat menambahkan literasi pembahasan serta melengkapi metode observasi dan wawancara untuk mendapatkan informasi yang lebih detail.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 125,
"width": 101,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 138,
"width": 454,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Agustianto, A. A. 2019. Pengaruh Partisipasi Anggaran, Partisipasi Perencanaan Strategis Dan Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Budgetary Slack. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Tirtayasa , 4 (2),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 163,
"width": 47,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "180–195.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 176,
"width": 454,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Agustini, N. M. W., Trisnadewi, A. A. A. E., & Saputra, K. A. K. 2019. Pengaruh Partisipasi Anggaran, Asimetri Informasi, Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia Dan Kejelasan Sasaran Anggaran Terhadap Budgetary Slack Pada Organisasi Perangkat Daerah Kabupaten Bangli. JEMA : Journal of Economic, Management and Accounting Adpertisi , 1 . Aira, A., & Rimet. 2021. Pengaruh Partisipasi Penyusunan Anggaran terhadap Senjangan Anggaran dengan Komitmen Organisasi dan Motivasi sebagai Variabel Moderasi pada Organisasi Perangkat Daerah (OPD) Kabupaten Kampar. Jurnal Al-Iqtishad , 17 (2), 267–288.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 264,
"width": 454,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Anisa, I. Z. 2017. Pengaruh Perencanaan Anggaran, Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia, dan Pelaksanaan Anggaran terhadap Penyerapan Anggaran pada Organisasi Perangkat Daerah Provinsi Banten. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Tirtayasa , 2 (1), 84–101.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 302,
"width": 454,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dewi, I. O., & Yuhertiana, I. 2022. Peran Senjangan Anggaran Dimoderasi Budaya Organisasi Pada Perguruan Tinggi Swasta Di Kabupaten Pamekasan. Wacana Equiliberium (Jurnal Pemikiran Penelitian Ekonomi) , 10 (01), 12–21 Halim, A. 2002. Akuntansi Sektor Publik Akuntansi Keuangan Daerah (Edisi Pert). Salemba Empat. Ibrahim. 2020. Pengaruh Kejelasan Sasaran Anggaran Dan Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Senjangan Anggaran. AkMen jurnal ilmiah , 17 (2), 333–347.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 378,
"width": 455,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Irawati, A., & Mutiara, A. 2018. Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Senjangan Anggaran. Jurnal Ilmiah ESAI , 12 (2), 62–70.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 403,
"width": 454,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. 1976. Theory of The Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Cost and Ownership Structure. Journal of Financial Economics , 3 , 305–360.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 429,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Juita, S. D. 2013. Pengaruh Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia, Komitmen Organisasi, dan Komunikasi Organisasi terhadap Kinerja Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah (SKPD) (Studi Empiris pada SKPD Pemerintah Kota Padang). E-Journal UNP , 1 (3), 1–17.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 467,
"width": 454,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Khasanah, S. N., & Kristanti, I. N. 2020. Pengaruh Partisipasi Anggaran, Kapasitas Individu, Self Esteem dan Kejelasan Sasaran Anggaran Terhadap Senjangan Anggaran Desa di Kecamatan Petanahan. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi (JIMMBA) , 2 (3), 411–425.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 517,
"width": 454,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Layang.co. 2021. Pemkab Jombang Hanya Mampu Serap Rp 2,38 Trilyun dari Anggaran Rp 3,01 Trilyun Pada Tahun 2020 . Layang.Co.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 543,
"width": 455,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Locke, E. A. 1968. Toward a theory of task motivation and incentives. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance , 3 (2), 157–189.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 568,
"width": 454,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Masruhin, A., & Kaukab, M. E. 2019. Pengaruh Kompetensi Aparatur, Komitmen Organisasi, Partisipasi Masyarakat, dan Kejelasan Sasaran Anggaran terhadap Pengelolaan Dana Desa (Studi Empiris pada Perangkat Desa di Kecamatan Mojotengah Kabupaten Wonosobo). Journal of Economic, Business, and Engineering , 1 (1), 118–130.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 619,
"width": 455,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Masuku, M. 2021. Determinan kesenjangan anggaran di kabupaten kepulauan sula. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Publik , 4 (2), 49–64.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 644,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mendi, I. P. S. A. P., & Suparsto, H. B. 2019. Pengaruh Partisipasi Penganggaran Pada Senjangan Anggaran Dengan Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Karakter Personal Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi. E-Jurnal Akuntansi , 28 (2), 1230–1262.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 682,
"width": 454,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pemerintah Indonesia. 2014. Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah . Pradita, S., & Susilowati, E. 2021. Budgetary Slack Memediasi Pengaruh Komitmen Organisasi dan Kejelasan Sasaran Anggaran Terhadap Kinerja Manajerial. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Akutansi , 12 (03), 740–757.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 732,
"width": 455,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Precilia, N. P. E., & Mimba, N. P. S. H. 2020. Pengaruh Partisipasi Anggaran, Kejelasan Sasaran Anggaran dan Kohesivitas Kelompok terhadap Senjangan Anggaran. E-Jurnal Akuntansi , 30 (9), 2381–2391.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 395,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nur Faizah et al., Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia Memoderasi Determinan Senjangan Anggaran",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 796,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "35",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 455,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Putra, A. A. P., & Suryanawa, I. K. 2019. Pengaruh Partisipasi Anggaran Pada Budgetary Slack dengan Self Esteem dan LOC Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana , 27 (1), 230–257. Radarjombang.Jawapos.Com. 2020. Serapan APBD Minim . diakses melalui website https://radarjombang.jawapos.com/nasional/12/11/2020/serapan-apbd-minim/",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 138,
"width": 454,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Saputra, H. Y., Subroto, B., & Ghofar, A. 2017. Pengaruh Anggaran Partisipatif dan Kapasitas Individu Terhadap Senjangan Anggaran dan Kinerja Aparatur Pemerintah (Studi Empiris Pada Pemerintah Propinsi Jawa Timur). Jurnal Akuntansi Aktual , 4 (1), 46–57.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 176,
"width": 455,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sari, W. A., & Mohklas. 2018. Analisis Pengaruh Partisipasi Anggaran dan Kejelasan Sasaran Anggaran terhadap Senjangan Anggaran dengan Komitmen Organisasi sebagai Variabel Moderasi (Studi Kasus pada Pegawai Kantor Kecamatan se-Kabupaten Demak). Jurnal Dinamika Ekonomi Dan Bisnis , 15 (1), 31–47. Sholihin, M., & Ratmono, D. 2021. Analisis SEM-PLS dengan WarpPLS 7.0 untuk Hubungan Nonlinier dalam Penelitian Sosial dan Bisnis (C. Mitak (Ed.); I). Penerbit ANDI. Silfiani, M., Wijayanto, S. A., & Fauzi, A. K. 2021. Upaya Peningkatan Kinerja Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah melalui Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia, Komitmen Organisasi, dan Budaya Organisasi. Strategic: Journal of Management Sciences , 1 (2), 54–69.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 290,
"width": 455,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Siswiraningtyas, A. N., & Yuhertiana, I. 2021. Pengaruh Partisipasi Anggaran, Kejelasan Sasaran Anggaran, Komitmen Organisasi terhadap Senjangan Anggaran. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Bisnis , 14 (1), 113–122.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 328,
"width": 454,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Taufiqurrahman, M. A., & Widajantie, T. D. 2022. Pengaruh Partisipasi Penyusunan Anggaran dan Asimetri Informasi terhadap Senjangan Anggaran pada Badan Daerah Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Fair Value: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Keuangan , 4 (10), 4648–4658. Wardhana, A. A. G. W., & Gayatri. 2018. Pengaruh Partisipasi Anggaran, Asimetri Informasi,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 378,
"width": 419,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ketidakpastian Lingkungan, Budaya Organisasi, dan Komitmen Organisasi pada Senjangan Anggaran. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana , 25 (3), 2098–2128.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
3e3426f9-440e-5cea-27df-46b7b08b1f13 | https://e-journal.iainfmpapua.ac.id/index.php/oikonomika/article/download/637/281 | [
{
"left": 119,
"top": 76,
"width": 360,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "http://e-journal.iainfmpapua.ac.id/index.php/oikonomika/article/view/637",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 208,
"top": 763,
"width": 222,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.53491/oikonomika.v3i2.637",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 782,
"width": 260,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 265,
"top": 32,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dan",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 32,
"width": 31,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Syariah",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 203,
"top": 44,
"width": 122,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3 2, Desember 2022",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 103,
"width": 412,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peran Sistem Informasi Manajemen Bank Syariah Indonesia Dalam Membantu Peningkatan Perekonomian Dan Bisnis di Era Digital",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 157,
"width": 117,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Julianto 1 , Reni Helvira 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 171,
"width": 241,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Institut Agama Islam Negeri Pontianak, Indonesia 1,2 [email protected] 1 , [email protected] 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 208,
"width": 325,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Received: 15 November 2022; Revised: 13 Januari 2023; Published: 15 Januari 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 227,
"width": 46,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 242,
"width": 428,
"height": 203,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bank Syariah Indonesia is one of the largest state-owned banks whose operations use Islamic sharia principles, which is a combination of three banks, namely Bank Mandiri Syariah, BNI Syariah and BRI Syariah. This bank has many banking services that can be utilized by customers to help improve, facilitate and develop every existing business, with many services that can be accessed anytime and anywhere enabling business management to be carried out quickly, effectively and efficiently. The development and improvement of Information Technology and Sharia Banking Management Information Systems have made mobile and internet banking superior products and services that are very helpful in supporting customer activities related to financial transactions. With technological devices that allow fellow BSI bank officers to enter into each other, share data, become a pioneer in increasing the use of Islamic banks, namely the development of Islamic banks always increases every year, this indicates that customer interest in banking is very high. The purpose of this study is to describe the development of the role of the Indonesian Sharia Bank Management Information System in helping to improve the economy and business in the digital era. This study uses a qualitative approach using data collection techniques to study literature.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 451,
"width": 428,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords: Management Information System, Bank Syariah Indonesia, BSI, Economy, Business, Digital Era.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 278,
"top": 484,
"width": 43,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 499,
"width": 428,
"height": 230,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bank Syariah Indonesia merupakan salah satu bank terbesar di BUMN yang operasionalnya menggunakan prinsip syariah islam yang merupakan gabungan dari tiga bank, yakni Bank Mandiri Syariah, BNI Syariah, dan BRI Syariah. Bank ini memiliki banyak layanan perbankan yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh nasabah dalam membantu meningkatkan, memudahkan dan mengembangkan setiap bisnis yang ada, dengan banyaknya layanan yang dapat diakses kapanpun dan dimanapun memungkinkan pengelolaan bisnis dapat dilakukan secara cepat, efektif, dan efisien. Perkembangan dan peningkatan Teknologi Informasi dan Sistem Infromasi Manajemen Perbankan Syariah menjadikan mobile dan internet banking merupakan produk dan layanan unggulan yang sangat membantu dalam mendukung aktivitas nasabah terkait transaksi yang menyangkut financial. Dengan perangkat teknologi yang memungkinkan sesama petugas bank BSI dapat saling memasukan, berbagi data, menjadi pelopor meningkatnya penggunaan Bank syariah yakni Perkembangan Bank Syariah tiap tahunnya selalu naik, hal ini menandakan bahwa minat nasabah terhadap perbankan ini sangatlah tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memaparkan perkembangan peran Sistem Informasi Manajemen Bank Syariah Indonesia dalam membantu peningkatan perekonomian dan bisnis di era digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data studi literatur.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 35,
"width": 377,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Julianto & Reni H. : Peran Sistem Informasi Manajemen Bank Syariah Indonesia …….",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 778,
"width": 16,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "145",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 428,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords: Sistem Informasi Manajemen, Bank Syariah Indonesia, BSI, Perekonomian, Bisnis, Era Digital.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 138,
"width": 101,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 159,
"width": 428,
"height": 154,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Teknologi digital memberikan kemajuan pada perkembangan industri, dan dunia bisnis, serta berdampak pada setiap lembaga maupun industri dan perusahaan yang ada di tanah air. Bank yang merupakan salah satu industri keuangan dalam mitra bisnis masyarakat melihat perkembangan digital ini menjadikannya agar dapat selalu menghasilkan dan melahirkan berbagai produk inovasi baru agar sejalan dengan perekonomian dan perkembangan teknologi dan bisnis yang ada. Bisnis dengan melibatkan bank dalam operasionalnya adalah hal yang sangat perlu sekali untuk diperhatikan sumber dan konsep yang digunakan dalam menciptakan ruang yang sejalan dengan prinsip islam, terutama masyarakat muslim. Perlunya sebuah lembaga untuk melindungi transaksi yang berprinsip syariah, sehingga dapat membuat nilai-nilai ibadah menjadi lebih bermakna dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 320,
"width": 428,
"height": 154,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menjawab tantangan di era yang serba otomatis dalam penggunaan teknologi saat ini diperlukan sebuah lembaga yang dapat mengelola keuangan para pebisnis maupun pelaku usaha yang mampu bertransformasi dan menyesuaikan dengan perubahan teknologi terkini. Bank syariah sendiri merupakan salah satu Bank yang menggunakan konsep islam dalam penerapan transaksi sebagai penghimpun dan penyalur dana kepadaa masyarakat, serta menyediakan jasa untuk kebutuhan masyarakat dalam berbisnis. Bank syariah merupakan bank yang dapat menjawab kebutuhan masyarakat muslim terutama dalam hal kejelasan hukum islam dalam transaksi, produk, dan jasa yang digunakan, sehingga lebih aman dan bermanfaat bagi masyarakat muslim sendiri untuk mempercayakan keuangan mereka dikelola oleh bank syariah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 663,
"width": 291,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 1 Marketshare Perbankan Syariah 2021 (ojk.go.id, 2021)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 696,
"width": 428,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan Marketshare Perbankan syariah pada tahun 2021 menunjukkan perkembangan yang baik, sungguhpun terjadi keterlambatan di tahun sebelumnya pada tiga tahun terakhir, perkembangan asset perbankan syariah masih berada pada 6,52% terhadap perbankan nasional, meningkat dibanding tahun sebelumnya yakni 6,51%. BUS, UUS, dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 418,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "146 | O i k o n o m i k a V o l : 3 N o . 2 ( D e s e m b e r 2 0 2 2 )",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 208,
"top": 777,
"width": 222,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.53491/oikonomika.v3i2.637",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 796,
"width": 260,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 428,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "BPRS yang menunjukkan tren baik. Tingginya tren penggunaan Bank Syariah menyebabkan tingginya minat akan hadirnya sebuah bank yang dapat membantu masyarakat dalam hal pengelolaan keuangan dengan prinsip islam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 138,
"width": 428,
"height": 184,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perkembangan Bank Syariah sudah tidak dapat dipungkiri lagi pesatnya kemajuan yang dihasilkan dalam pembangunan ekonomi di tanah air, berbagai jenis bank syariah memberikan dampak yang positif pada peningkatan perekonomian indonesia. Bank Syariah memberikan kontribusi yang baik bagi pembangunan Indonesia dengan menjadi mitra nasabah maupun UMKM yang memiliki lini bisnis usaha, menjadikan bank syariah sebagai solusi terhadap peningkatan Perekonomian UKM maupun UMKM yang ada. Kemajuan bank syariah tidak terlepas dari banyaknya masyarakat muslim yang berada di Indonesia, hal ini yang menyebabkan pertumbuhan bank syariah signifikan dibeberapa tempat dan memiliki cabangnya di setiap daerah. Terlebih dengan diberlakukannya Kebijakan bagi bank konvensional untuk membuat Unit Usaha Syariah dalam Bentuk Bank Syariah membuat tren perkembangan bank syariah meningkat pesat, hal inilah yang menjadikan tren penggunaan dan eksistensi ketertarikan masyarakat akan bank syariah berangsur naik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 330,
"width": 428,
"height": 76,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Data di OJK sendiri menunjukkan pesatnya perkembangan dan pertumbuhan Bank Syariah maupun Unit Usaha Syariah yang tersebar di setiap daerah maupun provinsi di Indonesia. Menjadikan Bank Syariah maupun Unit Usaha Syariah diminati oleh masyarakat dikarenakan sistem wadiah dan mudharabah yang sesuai dengan konsep syariah diterapkan di produk maupun layanan di bank syariah sendiri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 414,
"width": 428,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Di Indonesia sendiri ada banyak bank umum syariah yang beroperasi, Salah satunya adalah BSI, bank syariah BUMN pertama yang rilis di Indonesia, hasil gabungan dari Bank Mandiri Syariah, BNI Syariah, dan BRI Syariah. Dalam perkembangannya bank ini telah memberikan banyak perubahan pada lini bisnis perbankan syariah itu sendiri, dengan menjadikan bank syariah BUMN yang pertama berdiri, menjadikan bank syariah ini mampu menjawab tantangan dan kebutuhan masyarakat dalam industri perbankan berkonsep islam. Perubahan dan inovasi yang diterapkan oleh Bank Syariah Indonesia menyebabkan tren perkembangan akan kebutuhan terhadap Bank Syariah meningkat pesat, hal ini menyebabkan banyaknya Unit Usaha Syariah yang dibentuk oleh bank konvensional menjadikan kompetitor bagi Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) meningkat. Melihat banyaknya bank konvensional membentuk Unit Usaha Syariah, menyebabkan bank Syariah Indonesia harus mampu menelurkan ataupun membuat inovasi baru agar tidak kalah bersaing dalam mendapatkan kepercayaan dari masyarakat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 621,
"width": 427,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berangkat dari fenomena yang terjadi saat ini menyebabkan penulis mengangkat judul untuk penelitian yakni “Pe ran Sistem Informasi Manajemen Bank Syariah Indonesia dalam membantu peningkatan perekonomian dan bisnis di Era Digital”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 674,
"width": 120,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KAJIAN LITERATUR",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 696,
"width": 153,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sistem Informasi Manajemen",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 717,
"width": 437,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sistem Informasi Manajemen (SIM) merupakan sistem yang mengolah serta mengorganisasikan data dan informasi yang berguna untuk mendukung pelaksanaan tugas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 35,
"width": 377,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Julianto & Reni H. : Peran Sistem Informasi Manajemen Bank Syariah Indonesia …….",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 778,
"width": 16,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "147",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 428,
"height": 169,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dalam suatu organisasi (Hariyanto, 2016). Pada dasarnya sistem informasi manajemen memungkinkan lini bisnis dari setiap divisi yang ada dalam perusahaan dapat dikontrol dengan penuh dan mudah oleh pelaksana maupun pimpinan yang berwenang agar proses bisnis dapat berjalan berjalan cepat, lancar, dan tanpa hambatan. Sistem informasi manajemen mencakup pengelolaan sistem informasi yang ada pada perusahaan yang meliputi struktur keorganisasian setiap divisi, sistem yang ada (teknologi komputer, perangkat, sumber daya), pengiriman data, proses bisnis, dan penerapan teknologi oleh masing-masing divisi agar dapat tercipta sebuah hasil yang optimal, sehingga nantinya sistem informasi manajemen memberikan sebuah data yang berupa informasi yang dapat digunakan oleh pimpinan dalam pengambilan suatu keputusan. Dimana keputusan tersebut sangat berdampak dan akan menentukan jalannya suatu perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 262,
"width": 428,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sistem informasi manajemen pada Bank Syariah Indonesia memberikan kemudahan dalam menggunakan menu pada layanan seperti internet banking yang digunakan tanpa dengan mudah, serta aman karena internet banking dilengkapi dengan sistem keamanan berlapi dan dilengkapi dengan layanan sistem keamanan yang baik setiap kali melakukan transaksi keuangan. Sistem informasi manajemen memungkinkan nasabah untuk dapat menggunakan setiap fitur dan layanan yang ada pada internet banking dan mobile banking. Dimana setiap layanan telah terkoneksi dengan internet sehingga dapat dengan mudah diakses oleh nasabah. Menurut (Tyoso, 2016) tugas utama Sistem Informasi Manajemen di dalam organisasi adalah sebagai aliran umpan balik-balik (feedback). Sistem informasi manajemen sebagai sarana menyelesaikan rencana sekaligus sebagai alat pengawasan dengan membandingkan hasil perwujudan rencana rdengan standar yang telah ditetapkan. Organisasi yang beroperasi dalam berbagai situasi dan mempunyai pelbagai macam usaha, SIM semakin dibutuhkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 470,
"width": 124,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bank Syariah Indonesia",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 491,
"width": 428,
"height": 154,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bank Syariah Indonesia (IDX: BRIS; disingkat BSI) adalah bank di Indonesia yang bergerak di bidang perbankan syariah. Bank ini diresmikan pada tanggal 1 Februari 2021 pukul 13.00 WIB atau bertepatan dengan tanggal 19 Jumadil Akhir 1442 H. Bank ini merupakan hasil penggabungan antara Bank Syariah Mandiri, Bank BNI Syariah, dan BRI Syariah. Bank ini menjadi bank syariah milik HIMBARA (Himpunan Bank Milik Negara), dengan mayoritas sahamnya dipegang oleh Bank Mandiri, sehingga dianggap sebagai bagian dari Mandiri Group ( Bank Syariah Indonesia , n.d.). Pembentukan BSI merupakan strategi pemerintah menjadikan indonesia sebagai salah satu pusat keuangan syariah dunia, dan dari penggabungan menjadi Pt. Bank Syariah Indonesia Tbk. Bank ini tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) dengan kode saham BRIS.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 652,
"width": 428,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kantor pusat Bank Syariah Indonesia berlokasi di The Tower, Jl. Gatot Subroto No. 27 Kelurahan Karet Semanggi, Setiabudi, Jakarta Selatan. Potensi BSI untuk terus berkembang dan menjadi bagian dari kelompok bank syariah terkemuka di tingkat global sangat terbuka. Selain kinerja yang tumbuh positif, dukungan iklim bahwa pemerintah Indonesia memiliki misi lahirnya ekosistem industri halal dan memiliki bank syariah nasional yang besar serta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 418,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "148 | O i k o n o m i k a V o l : 3 N o . 2 ( D e s e m b e r 2 0 2 2 )",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 208,
"top": 777,
"width": 222,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.53491/oikonomika.v3i2.637",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 796,
"width": 260,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 428,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kuat, fakta bahwa Indonesia sebagai negara dengan penduduk muslim terbesar di dunia ikut membuka peluang. (Santoso & Amalia Nur Azizah, 2022)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 122,
"width": 428,
"height": 92,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kehadiran BSI menjadi sangat penting dikarenakan mampu memainkan peran penting sebagai fasilitator pada seluruh aktivitas ekonomi dalam ekosistem industri halal, tetapi juga sebuah ikhtiar mewujudkan harapan Negeri. BSI dibentuk dengan tujuan untuk memperkuat dan mengembangkan ekosistem ekonomi syariah dan industri halal nasional bersama-sama dengan institusi syariah lain, baik korporasi, perbankan, ritel, UMKM, koperasi bahkan organisasi kemasyarakatan (Christabel, 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 221,
"width": 134,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perekonomian dan Bisnis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 243,
"width": 428,
"height": 76,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ekonomi atau Perekonomian adalah serangkaian besar kegiatan produksi dan konsumsi yang saling terkait yang membantu dalam menentukan bagaimana sumber daya yang langka dialokasikan. Sedangkan bisnis adalah serangkaian usaha yang dilakukan individu atau kelompok dengan menawarkan barang dan jasa untuk mendapatkan keuntungan (laba) (Qothrunnada, 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 326,
"width": 428,
"height": 92,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jalannya perekonomian tidak terlepas dari sistem ekonomi yang diterapkan pada sebuah perusahaan atau lembaga. Sistem ekonomi adalah mencakup seluruh proses dan kegiatan masyarakat dalam usaha memenuhi kebutuhan hidup atau mencakup kemakmuran. Adapun elemen-elemen sistem ekonomi adalah unit-unit ekonomi sistem ekonomi seperti rumah tangga, perusahaan, serikat tenaga kerja, instansi pemerintah dan lembaga-lembaga lain yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan ekonomi (Ismail Hasang & Nur, 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 426,
"width": 428,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut (Ismail Hasang & Nur, 2020) Pelaku – pelaku ekonomi seperti konsumen, produsen, tenaga kerja, investor dan pejabat-pejabat yang terkait. Lingkungan Sumber Daya Alam (SDA) dan sumber daya Manusia (SDM), Sumber Daya Kapital (SDK), Sumber Daya Teknologi (SDT). Selain itu sistem ekonomi adalah suatu sistem yang mengatur seta menjalin hubungan ekonomi antarmanusia dengan seperangkat kelembagaan dalam suatu tatanan kehidupan, dan suatu sistem ekonomi tidaklah harus berdiri sendiri, tetapi berkaitan dengan falsafah, pandangan dan pola hidup masyarakat tempatnya berpijak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 540,
"width": 428,
"height": 201,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pertumbuhan perekonomian suatu daerah tidak terlepas dari aktivitas bisnis/usaha yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat sektiar dalam bentuk UMKM dan kewirausahaan dikarenakan aktivitas ini memberikan pengaruh besar dalam peningkatan perekonomian. Kewirausahaan di Indonesia sendiri tercantum dalam Keputusan Menteri Koperasi dan Pembinaan Pengusaha Kecil Nomor 961/KEP/M/XI/1995 sebagai sebuah semangat, sikap, dan kemampuan seseorang dalam menangani usaha yang bertujuan untuk menciptakan produk atau teknologi terbaru demi pelayanan yang lebih baik, ataupun memproleh keuntungan yang lebih besar (Munawaroh, et. al, 2016 dalam Dwi Prasetyani 2020). Konsep kewirausahaan mulai dikenal di Indonesia sejak Suparman Sumahamidjaya mempopulerkan istilah wiraswasta. Wiraswasta sejatinya bermakna sama dengan wirausahawan. Dilihat dari sisi etimologis, wiraswasta berasal dari kata “wira” dan “swasta”. Wira memiliki arti berani, gagah, teladan, tau perkasa. Swasta terdiri dari kata “swa” dan “sta”. Swa berarti sendiri dan sta berarti berdiri. Sehingga, wiraswasta secara etimologis merupakan seseorang yang berdiri",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 35,
"width": 377,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Julianto & Reni H. : Peran Sistem Informasi Manajemen Bank Syariah Indonesia …….",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 778,
"width": 16,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "149",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 428,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "sendiri serta memiliki sifat berani, gagah, teladan, dan perkasa. Wiraswasta dapat didefinisikan sebagai individu yang memiliki keterampilan, ketekunan, serta kepemilikan usaha dengan keberanian menanggung resiko serta kreativitas dan optimisme dalam merencanakan kegiatan usahanya (Rasyid et al., 2022). Wiraswasta lekat dengan kemauan kuat serta keberanian untuk berpijak pada kemauan serta kemampuan diri sendiri. Sikap dan sifat inilah yang membuat wiraswasta mampu menciptakan kegiatan usaha produktif serta mengembangkan usaha tersebut hingga titik keberhasilan tertentu (Darojat & Sumiyati, 2013 dalam Dwi Prasetyani 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 215,
"width": 60,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Era Digital",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 237,
"width": 428,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Digital berasal dari kata Digitus, dalam bahasa Yunani berarti jari jemari. Dimana jika dihitung jari jemari orang dewasa jumlahnya ada sepuluh (10). Nilai sepuluh tersebut terdiri dari 2 radix, yaitu 1 dan 0, oleh karena itu Digital merupakan penggambaran dari suatu keadaan bilangan yang terdiri dari angka 0 dan 1 atau off dan on (bilangan biner). Semua sistem komputer menggunakan sistem digital sebagai basis datanya, dapat disebut juga dengan istilah Bit atau Binary Digit (Widianto, 2019).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 336,
"width": 428,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Era digital adalah suatu kondisi zaman ataupun kehidupan yang mana seluruh kegiatan yang mendukung kehidupan sudah bisa dipermudah dengan adanya teknologi yang serba canggih (Dharma, 2022). Kondisi era digital memungkinkan pengguna dan pemakai untuk menerapkan teknologi dalam mendukung setiap aktivitas. Era digital memiliki karakteristik dimana kegiatan, aktivitas pekerjaan/bisnis, dan sosial dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat teknologi secara digital. Era digital memungkinkan setiap pekerjaan dan aktivitas apapun dapat dilakukan secara efektif dan efisien dikarenakan mudah digunakan dimana saja, kapanpun, dimanapun, dan dapat dikontrol dari jarak jauh dengan sebuah perangkat teknologi digital. (Musta’in et al., 2022)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 482,
"width": 428,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Teknologi digital adalah suatu alat yang tidak lagi menggunakan tenaga manusia secara manual, tetapi lebih pada sistem pengoperasian otomatis dengan sistem komputerisasi atau format yang dapat terbaca oleh komputer (Astrid Yosefhine Souisa, 2023). Teknologi digital pada dasarnya hanyalah sistem penghitung sangat cepat yang memproses semua bentuk- bentuk informasi sebagai nilai-nilai numerik (kode digital). Adapun beberapa perangkat digital yang digunakan pada era digital ini adalah Komputer, Kalkulator, Radar Antena, Faksimile, Penggunaan Satelit, Smartphone, Televisi Pintar, Tablet, laptop, radio, dan perangkat yang bekerja pada teknologi digital dan analog.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 612,
"width": 142,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 633,
"width": 428,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metodologi merupakan ilmu-ilmu/cara yang digunakan untuk memperoleh kebenaran menggunakan penelusuran dengan tata cara tertentu dalam menemukan kebenaran, tergantung dari realitas yang sedang dikaji. Metodologi tersusun dari cara-cara yang terstruktur untuk memperoleh ilmu. Metode penelitian adalah Strategi, proses, atau teknik yang digunakan oleh peneliti dalam upaya pengumpulan data atau bukti agar selanjutnya dapat dilakukan dianalisis guna mengungkap informasi baru atau menciptakan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang suatu topic atau tema permasalahan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 418,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "150 | O i k o n o m i k a V o l : 3 N o . 2 ( D e s e m b e r 2 0 2 2 )",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 208,
"top": 777,
"width": 222,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.53491/oikonomika.v3i2.637",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 796,
"width": 260,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 428,
"height": 92,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh penulis dalam penelitian ini adalah Metode Deskriptif Kualitatif dan metode studi literature. Metode Deskriptif Kualitatif merupakan sebuah metode penelitian yang memanfaatkan data kualitatif dan dijabarkan secara deskriptif. Jenis analisis data deskriptif kualitatif digunakan untuk menganalisis kejadian, fenomena, atau keadaan secara sosial. Metode Studi literature digunakan untuk menyelesaikan persoalan dengan menelusuri sumber tulisan yang pernah dibuat sebelumnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 184,
"width": 158,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 204,
"width": 31,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 223,
"width": 428,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Teknologi digital modern berkembang secara cepat diseluruh dunia dan mengubah banyak hal dan melahirkan berbagai bentuk perangkat dan konsep baru seperti big data, artificial intelligence, human resource, human machine interface, metaverse, internet of things, dan sensor technology. Perkembangan ekonomi beralih kepada era digitalisasi yang memaksa industri perbankan, termasuk Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) harus menyesuaikan dengan perubahan teknologi. Perkembangan teknologi informasi yang cepat telah membawa kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia memasuki era revolusi industri 4.0. Perkembangan teknologi yang begitu pesat membuat Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) melakukan transformasi dalam hal layanan, produk, dan teknologi yang digunakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 250,
"top": 477,
"width": 98,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 2 Logo BSI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 504,
"width": 429,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bank Syariah Indonensia didorong untuk dapat bersaing ditingkat global dalam pembangunan ekonomi nasional serta kontribusi terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat, dengan konsep yang modern dan universal dalam memberikan kebaikan bagi segenap alam (Rahmatan Lil Alamiin). Bank Syariah di masa depan setidaknya memiliki tiga peranan penting yakni memfasilitasi permodalan kepada pelaku yang bergerak di industri produk halal, memberikan akses kepada seluruh pelaku bisnis, dan dapat melayani transaksi besar dan bertaraf global (Amin, 2021)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 619,
"width": 429,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Beranjak dari hal tersebut dengan memfasilitasi permodalan kepada pelaku usaha yang bergerak di industri produk halal seperti yang telah dilakukan oleh BSI yakni melakukan kerjasama dengan kawasan industri halal seperti Safe n Lock Halal industrial Park di Sioarjo Jawa Timur, Modern Cikande Indutrial Estate di Serang, dan Bintan Inti Industrial Estate sehinga meningkatkan potensi produk halal indonesia dan menjadi sumber pertumbuhan bisnis baru bagi BSI (ojk.go.id, 2021). BSI menjadi bank yang dapat menyalurkan pendanaan pada para pelaku usaha di kawasan. Pada semester I 2021, BSI telah menyalurkan pembiayaan total hingga Rp 161,5 triliun, naik 11,73 persen (Kumparan.com, 2022). Porsi terbesar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 35,
"width": 377,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Julianto & Reni H. : Peran Sistem Informasi Manajemen Bank Syariah Indonesia …….",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 495,
"top": 778,
"width": 15,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "151",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 428,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "disumbangkan segmen konsumer yang mencapai Rp 75 triliun atau setara 46,5 persen dari total pembiayaan. Segmen korporasi sebesar Rp 36,7 triliun atau sekitar 22,8 persen. Kemudian segmen UMKM yang mencapai Rp 36,8 triliun setara 22,9 persen dan sisanya segmen komersial Rp 10 triliun atau sekitar 6,2 persen (Bankbsi.or.id, 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 153,
"width": 429,
"height": 154,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pola konsumsi masyarakat Indonesia kearah digital mendorong institusi perbankan mengakselerasi proses transformasi menuju perbankan digital secara total. Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) sebagai institusi perbankan syariah Indonesia memiliki pandangan mengenai transformasi digital yang membuat bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) harus menyesuaikan dengan perubahan tersebut dengan memaksimalkan layanan transaksi digital BSI Mobile dan internet banking dalam setiap transaksi terkait dengan kebutuhan dan bisnis financial. Adanya fitur kemudahan dalam pembukaan rekening secara online, fitur transfer, belanja online, transaksi QRIS, top up pulsa, beli token listrik, top up e-wallet, pembayaran dan pembiayaan sekolah, pembukaan tabungan E-Mas, termasuk gadai emas via online memudahkan masyarakat dan nasabah dapat membantu dalam mendukung kegiatan bisnis terkait financial.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 314,
"width": 428,
"height": 92,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Untuk memberikan akses kepada seluruh pelaku bisnis termasuk UMKM, PT Bank Syariah Indonesia Tbk (BSI) memberi dukungan bagi UMKM dalam bentuk pendampingan, pemberian kredit bagi UMKM, memberikan akses kepada seluruh pelaku bisnis terutama di tengah munculnya pelaku industri financial technology (fintech) dan maraknya pinjaman online (pinjol) ilegal, yang menargetkan sektor UMKM, Adapun bentuk bantuan yang diberikan Bank BSI kepada sektor UMKM yakni :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 414,
"width": 115,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Bantuan Pembiayaan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 435,
"width": 428,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Melalui program pembiayaan program KUR, mikro non-subsidi, SME, bantuan dana BLT UMKM yang diberikan melalui program BPUM (Bantuan Produktif Usaha Mikro), dan Modal koperasi melalui LPDB diharapkan dapat membantu pelaku usaha UMKM dalam mengembangkan usahanya.(Rachmawati & Yasin, 2022)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 503,
"width": 148,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Transaksi Keuangan Syariah",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 525,
"width": 428,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "BSI memfasilitasi UMKM bertumbuh dengan memudahkan pembukaan tabungan, giro, cash management system (CMS), QRIS, maupun EDS, untuk mendukung transaksi keuangan berdasarkan prinsip syariah. Hal ini akan memudahkan pelaku bisnis/UMKM dalam mempermudah layanan kepada pelanggan/konsumen. (Yunita, 2019)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 593,
"width": 139,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Capacity Building UMKM",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 614,
"width": 428,
"height": 92,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "BSI memberikan dukungan berupa pelatihan dan pendampingan melalui UMKM center manajemen, baik di bidang manajemen keuangan, produksi, dan sebagainya. Dengan adanya capacity building UMKM diharapkan dapat memberikan bekal dan kemampuan/skill kepada UMKM untuk dapat secara optimal dalam melakukan manajemen keuangan, produksi, dan hal yang berkaitan dengan manajemen bisnis dalam menciptakan produk dan pemasaran yang unggul dan kompetitif. (Latifah et al., 2022)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 714,
"width": 185,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Peningkatan Akses Pasar Go Digital",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 418,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "152 | O i k o n o m i k a V o l : 3 N o . 2 ( D e s e m b e r 2 0 2 2 )",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 208,
"top": 777,
"width": 222,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.53491/oikonomika.v3i2.637",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 796,
"width": 260,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 428,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dengan semakin pesatnya perkembangan teknologi dan era yang serba digital membuat BSI harus menciptakan beberapa terobosan baru dalam meningkatkan layanan dan membantu nasabah dalam hal ini pelaku UMKM dalam pengembangan Usaha/UMKM dengan memanfaatkan teknologi digital yang berkembang saat ini. BSI bekerja sama dengan salah satu e-commerce untuk memberdayakan UMKM go digital, dengan cara membantu para pelaku UMKM dari berjualan secara offline untuk bisa berjualan secara online di platform e-commerce agar pemanfaatan teknologi digital dapat digunakan semaksimal mungkin dalam meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat terutama pelaku usaha UMKM. (Anugrah et al., 2022), (Latifah et al., 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 231,
"width": 153,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. Penguatan Halal Value Chain",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 252,
"width": 428,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "BSI membantu bagaimana caranya agar UMKM bisa berkiprah dalam halal value chain dengan berbagai pola pengembangan. Selain ada juga pemberdayaan UMKM Center dan Portal UMKM, di mana strategi ini dilakukan melalui pelatihan dan pendampingan, informasi dan konsultasi, display dan market place, co-working space, komunitas UMKM BSI, hingga campaign UMKM BSI. Kemudian, BSI juga memiliki strategi lainnya dalam mendukung UMKM naik kelas, yakni berupa penguatan akses pasar, yang dilakukan melalui UMKM Expo, pelatihan go digital, kemitraan, hingga sinergi dengan Pemerintah. Diharapkan berbagai fasilitas dan layanan di UMKM Center BSI ini bisa menjadi wadah bagi UMKM untuk bisa mendapatkan pelatihan, pembinaan, pembiayaan hingga membantu proses pemasaran produk. Harapannya, pelaku UMKM yang memanfaatkan program tersebut bisa naik kelas dan meningkatkan skala usahanya. (Ulfa, 2021)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 429,
"width": 189,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6. Menghadirkan Aplikasi Salam Digital",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 451,
"width": 428,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Aplikasi Salam Digital berperan dalam mendorong pelaku usaha mikro dan masyarakat untuk dapat mengakses layanan pembiayaan dan transaksi perbankan syariah dengan lebih mudah dan cepat. Salam Digital berisi informasi produk mikro meliputi KUR dan BSI Usaha Mikro (non KUR) serta formulir pengajuan pembiayaan mikro BSI yang terhubung dengan kantor cabang BSI di seluruh Indonesia. Hal ini menjadikan BSI sebagai mitra bisnis pelaku UMKM dimanapun nasabah butuhkan, BSI akan selalu ada dalam membantu dan melayani kebutuhan nasabah maupun pelaku usaha UMKM. (Fauziah et al., 2018), (Andini et al., 2022).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 581,
"width": 68,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 602,
"width": 428,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bantuan dan layanan yang diberikan oleh pihak BSI kepada pelaku usaha UMKM akan dapat memudahkan pelaku usaha tersebut dalam mengembangkan usaha UMKM yang digeluti tanpa harus meminjam dana di pinjaman online maupun rentenir lain yang nantinya jika dilakukan akan berdampak negatif saat usaha yang digeluti mengalami masalah yang berkepanjangan. Dengan adannya layanan maupun bantuan dari BSI kepada pelaku UMKM diharapkan dapat membantu pelaku usaha dalam pemberian dana bantuan dalam mengembangkan usaha, sehingga dapat mendorong peningkatan perekonomian masyarakat sekitar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 35,
"width": 377,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Julianto & Reni H. : Peran Sistem Informasi Manajemen Bank Syariah Indonesia …….",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 778,
"width": 16,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "153",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 428,
"height": 76,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Banyaknya produk dan layanan yang dimiliki oleh Bank Syariah Indonesia dapat memberikan nasabah maupun masyarakat kemudahan dalam akses informasi, dan kemudahan dalam hal layanan dalam menunjang bisnis, sehingga dapat mempercepat dalam meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat. Adapun peran Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) dalam meningkatkan perekonomian dan bisnis di Era Digital saat ini adalah :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 169,
"width": 431,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan perekonomian di Indonesia dengan kemudahan layanan yang dapat diakses online melalui mobile banking dan internet banking dimana terdapat banyak produk dan layanan yang ada di aplikasi, sehingga memudahkan setiap layanan maupun transaksi yang diinginkan oleh nasabah, hal ini menjadikan waktu dapat dihemat seefisien mungkin dikarenakan nasabah maupun calon nasabah tidak perlu lagi datang ke kantor Bank Syariah Indonesia untuk mendapatkan akses informasi terkait layanan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 277,
"width": 428,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Dengan meningkatnya pertumbuhan Bank Syariah Indonesia, maka Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) memiliki peluang besar dan andil dalam menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan yang membutuhkan tenaga spesialis untuk menangani dan membantu pertumbuhan Bank Syariah Indonesia, yang akan diperluas dan dibangun kantor cabang dibeberapa tempat dan daerah, sehingga dengan begitu Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) tidak hanya dapat menjangkau daerah yang ada di kota, tetapi dapat melayani kebutuhan masyarakat terkait dalam pengelolaan keuangan dengan prinsip islam maupun syariah disetiap penjuru negeri dan di daerah pelosok sekalipun.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 402,
"width": 428,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Bank Syariah dapat menjadi mitra masyarakat dalam bisnis dan investasi, jual beli, termasuk penyaluran dana untuk UKM maupun UMKM yang sedang membutuhkan dana cair untuk peningkatan dan pengembangan bisnis mereka.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 448,
"width": 428,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Bank Syariah Indonesia dapat menjadi media bagi nasabah yang ingin beramal dengan fitur zakat, sedekah, infaq, serta produk amal lain dengan kemudahan yang dapat diakses melalui mobile banking maupun internet banking.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 495,
"width": 428,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. Memberikan layanan dalam hal pengelolaan keuangan untuk tabungan, investasi, dan layanan haji dan umroh sehingga perencanaan keuangan dapat terlaksana dengan baik",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 526,
"width": 428,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6. Dengan adanya Produk dan layanan kartu yang dimiliki oleh nasabah, dan mesin ATM yang ada disetiap kantor cabang bank, memudahkan nasabah dalam transaksi bisnis termasuk didalamnya penarikan, setor tunai, transfer, pembayaran tagihan, pembelian, maupun layanan lain dalam mendukung transaksi bisnis nasabah.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 588,
"width": 428,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "7. Dengan teknologi dan sistem informasi manajemen Bank Syariah Indoensia yang selalu berkembang, kemudahan, dan sistem keamanan yang kuat membuat transaksi dapat dilakukan dengan mobile, kapanpun dan dimanapun, tanpa perlu merasa khawatir karena setiap transaksi sesuai dengan konsep syariah islam.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 650,
"width": 428,
"height": 76,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "8. Sistem Informasi Manajemen Perbankan Syariah memungkinkan sinergi yang kuat antar setiap divisi yang ada pada bank dalam memaksimalkan penggunaan perangkat teknologi, aplikasi, informasi, komunikasi, dan pengiriman data dengan cepat dan akurat sehingga memudahkan petugas dalam hal pelayanan terhadap nasabah maupun laporan terkait transaksi keuangan dan pimpinan dalam hal pengambilan keputusan terkait kebijakan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 418,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "154 | O i k o n o m i k a V o l : 3 N o . 2 ( D e s e m b e r 2 0 2 2 )",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 208,
"top": 777,
"width": 222,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.53491/oikonomika.v3i2.637",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 796,
"width": 260,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 157,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 107,
"width": 429,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan dari hasil pemaparan dan pembahasan oleh peneliti maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan. Adapun kesimpulan peneliti adalah sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 134,
"width": 428,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) memiliki track record bagus dalam hal operasional, hal ini dibuktikan dengan peningkatan persentase jumlah nasabah bank BSI dari tahun ke tahun.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 161,
"width": 428,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) memiliki Produk dan layanan yang terdiri dari 4 (empat) kategori yaitu individu, perusahan, digital banking, dan kartu dalam mendukung aktivitas bisnis nasabah.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 201,
"width": 428,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Sistem Informasi Manajemen Perbankan Syariah Indonesia (BSI) memungkinkan sinergi yang kuat antar setiap divisi yang ada pada bank dalam memaksimalkan penggunaan perangkat teknologi, aplikasi, informasi, komunikasi, dan pengiriman data dengan cepat dan akurat sehingga memudahkan petugas dalam hal pelayanan terhadap nasabah maupun laporan terkait transaksi keuangan dan pimpinan dalam hal pengambilan keputusan terkait kebijakan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 282,
"width": 428,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) berperan dalam membantu dalam peningkatan perekonomian masyarakat dengan menjadi mitra bisnis, penghimpun dana, penyalur dana, dan menyediakan layanan produk dan jasa untuk kebutuhan bisnis nasabah.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 323,
"width": 428,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. Sistem Informasi Manajemen Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) memudahkan akses informasi dan layanan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan nasabah tanpa nasabah perlu untuk datang ke kantor bank, termasuk didalamnya fitur amal dan kebaikan seperti zakat, infaq, dan sedekah, dan bentuk amalan lain yang dapat diakses nasabah secara langsung, cepat, dan mudah.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 390,
"width": 428,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6. Bank Syariah Indonesia berperan penting dalam peningkatan perekonomian dalam memberdayakan dan menjadi mitra pelaku bisnis UMKM, sehinga mereka dapat menjadi pelopor dalam menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan bagi orang lain, dan membantu program pemerintah dalam mengentaskan kemiskinan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 466,
"width": 48,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Referensi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 479,
"width": 410,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Andini, M., Ramli, R., & Apriani, E. S. (2022). Peluang Dan Tantangan Bank Syariah Dalam Menghadapi Era Digital Banking (Studi Pada BSI KCP Balikpapan Baru 1). JMAP : Jurnal Tugas Akhir Mahasiswa Akuntansi Poltekba , 4 (1 SE-Articles), 17 – 25. https://ejournal.poltekba.ac.id/index.php/jmap/article/view/394",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 540,
"width": 393,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Anugrah, C. M. R., Ruswandi, W., & Permadi, I. (2022). Kolaborasi Perbankan Dan Lembaga Teknologi Finansial (Fintech) Dalam Peningkatan Akses Pembiayaan Masyarakat Unbankable Di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomak , 8 (2 SE-Articles). https://ejournal.stiepgri.ac.id/index.php/ekonomak/article/view/202",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 600,
"width": 391,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Astrid Yosefhine Souisa, S. S. (2023). Teknologi Digital: Definisi, Contoh, Macam-macam,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 614,
"width": 121,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kelebihan . Finansialku.Co.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 633,
"width": 298,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bank Syariah Indonesia . (n.d.). Retrieved December 8, 2022, from https://ir.bankbsi.co.id/corporate_history.html",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 666,
"width": 318,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bankbsi.or.id. (2022). Laporan Tahunan Bank BSI Tahun 2022 (p. 55). https://ir.bankbsi.co.id/misc/AR/AR2022-ID/59/",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 699,
"width": 376,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Christabel, A. (2021). BSI dorong penguatan ekosistem ekonomi syariah . Kontan.Co.Id.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 719,
"width": 404,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dharma, R. (2022). Era Digital: Pengertian, Kelebihan dan Dampak dari Adanya Era Digital . Accurate.Id.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 35,
"width": 377,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Julianto & Reni H. : Peran Sistem Informasi Manajemen Bank Syariah Indonesia …….",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 778,
"width": 16,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "155",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 410,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fauziah, E., Senjiati, I. H., & Febriadi, S. R. (2018). Efektifitas Program CSR Salam Bris Pada Peningkatan Kompetensi Mahasiswa Di Laboratorium Bank Mini Syariah. Amwaluna: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan Syariah , 2 (1), 88 – 104. https://doi.org/10.29313/amwaluna.v2i1.3039",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 145,
"width": 347,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hariyanto, S. (2016). Sistem Informasi Manajemen. Publiciana , 9 (1), 80 – 85.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 165,
"width": 372,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ismail Hasang, S. E., & Nur, M. (2020). Perekonomian Indonesia . Ahlimedia Book.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 184,
"width": 417,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kumparan.com. (2022). BSI Salurkan Pembiayaan Rp 161,5 T di Semester I 2021, Naik 11,73 Persen | kumparan.com . https://kumparan.com/kumparanbisnis/bsi-salurkan- pembiayaan-rp-161-5-t-di-semester-i-2021-naik-11-73-persen-1wUrIEn2FSt",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 231,
"width": 422,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Latifah, E., Abadiyah, F., Muawanah, R., & Sukma, D. (2022). Bank Syariah Indonesia dalam Menguatkan Ekonomi Sektor UMKM pada Masa Pandemi. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance , 1 (2), 139 – 152. https://doi.org/10.37680/ijief.v1i2.1151",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 277,
"width": 420,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Musta’in, M. M., Humaidah, M., & Karman, A. (2022). Ekonomi Kreatif Berbasis Digital dan Kemandirian Masyarakat Era Society 5.0. In Global Aksara Pers (Issue March). Global Aksara Pers. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=lVxuEAAAQBAJ&printsec=copyright&hl=id &source=gbs_pub_info_r#v=onepage&q&f=false",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 351,
"width": 320,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ojk.go.id. (2021). Snapshot perbankan syariah indonesia 2021 . Ojk.Go.Id.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 370,
"width": 377,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Qothrunnada, K. (2022). Bisnis: Pengertian, Tujuan, Jenis dan Contohnya . Detik.Com.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 390,
"width": 419,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rachmawati, D. W., & Yasin, A. (2022). Pengaruh Pembiayaan Mikro terhadap Perkembangan UMKM Nasabah BSI KCP Mojopahit 2. Jurnal Ekonomika Dan Bisnis Islam , 5 (2), 145 – 156. https://doi.org/10.26740/jekobi.v5n2.p145-156",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 436,
"width": 425,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rasyid, A., Steven, & Sembiring, M. sari. (2022). Manajemen strategik . Media Sains Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 456,
"width": 424,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Santoso, K., & Amalia Nur Azizah. (2022). Penentuan Lokasi Atm Bank Syariah Indonesia Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy C Means Di Kabupaten Jember. Jurnal Matematika Sains Dan Teknologi , 23 (2), 68 – 79. https://doi.org/10.33830/jmst.v23i2.3110.2022",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 502,
"width": 282,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tyoso, J. S. P. (2016). Sistem informasi manajemen . Deepublish.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 522,
"width": 396,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ulfa, A. (2021). Dampak Penggabungan Tiga Bank Syariah di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam , 7 (2). https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v7i2.2680",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 555,
"width": 308,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Widianto, M. H. (2019). Teknologi pada Teknik Digital . Binus.Ac.Id.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 574,
"width": 412,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yunita, N. A. (2019). Analisis penerapan standar akuntansi syariah psak no.101 terhadap pengelolaan transaksi keuangan di bank syariah (studi pada bank bri syariah cabang lhokseumawe). Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan , 7 (1), 23. https://doi.org/10.29103/jak.v7i1.1836",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
f189ad34-dfaa-535e-495b-ee85f922d647 | https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/SHES/article/download/81467/43424 | [
{
"left": 181,
"top": 38,
"width": 247,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Workshop Penulisan Karya Ilmiah Multidisipliner 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 200,
"top": 56,
"width": 213,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SHEs: Conference Series 6 (4) (2023) 341 – 347",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 175,
"top": 759,
"width": 339,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 85,
"width": 455,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The Potential of Bungur Flower Extract as an Environmentally Friendly pH Indicator: An Experimental Study Across Various pH Levels",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 123,
"width": 286,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Moh. Farhanuddin, Ilham Himawan Rosadi, Suwahono",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 148,
"width": 143,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "UIN Walisongo Semarang [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 199,
"width": 386,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Article History accepted 10/11/2023 approved 25/11/2023 published 22/12/2023",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 248,
"width": 43,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 259,
"width": 455,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The pH indicator is a substance that changes color according to the pH of the tested solution. This research aims to determine the potential benefits of flowers as an environmentally friendly alternative pH indicator and to identify the color changes that occur at each pH level of the solution. The research method employed is the experimental method. The results of the study show specific color changes at each pH level of the solution. The extract of the bungur flower exhibits a red-purple color at pH 1-11, a green color at pH 12, and a yellow color at pH 13-14. The findings indicate that the extract of the bungur flower can be used as an environmentally friendly alternative pH indicator in learning, especially for students in the F phase of the “merdeka” curriculum.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 351,
"width": 387,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: pH indicator, bungur flower extract, environmentally friendly, eksperimental",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 374,
"width": 40,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 386,
"width": 455,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indikator asam basa merupakan zat yang memberikan perubahan warna sesuai pH larutan yang diuji. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi manfaat bunga sebagai alternatif indikator asam basa yang ramah lingkungan dan mengetahui perbahan warna yang terjadi pada masing-masing pH larutan. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen. Hasil penelitian memberikan perubahan warna yang spesifik pada masing-masing pH larutan. Ekstrak bunga bungur memberikan warna merah-ungu pada pH 1-11; warna hijau pada pH 12; dan warna kuning pada pH 13-14. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak bunga bungur dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif indikator asam basa yang ramah lingkungan dalam pembelajaran, terutama pada siswa fase F kurikulum merdeka.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 489,
"width": 361,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci: Indikator pH, ekstrak bunga bungur, ramah Lingkungan, eksperimen",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 525,
"width": 456,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Social, Humanities, and Education Studies (SHEs): Conference Series https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/shes p-ISSN 2620-9284 e-ISSN 2620-9292",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 181,
"top": 38,
"width": 247,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Workshop Penulisan Karya Ilmiah Multidisipliner 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 200,
"top": 56,
"width": 213,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SHEs: Conference Series 6 (4) (2023) 341 – 347",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 782,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "342",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 262,
"top": 85,
"width": 88,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 110,
"width": 471,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indikator asam basa merupakan zat yang dapat memberikan perubahan warna larutan sesuai dengan pH larutan tersebut (Hawa & Mulyanti, 2021). Penggunaan indikator asam basa ini umum digunakan di Laboratorium Sekolah Menengah atau bahkan Universitas. Penggunaan indikator sangat penting, terutama pada proses titrasi. Kebanyakan Laboratorium menggunakan indikator sintesis. Indikator yang sering digunakan diantaranya Fenolftalein (PP), Metil Merah (MM), dan Bromtimol Biru (BTB) (Yulfriansyah & Novitriani, 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 186,
"width": 471,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penggunaan bahan kimia sintesis memiliki keterbatasan diantaranya meningkatkan pencemaran lingkungan dan harganya relatif mahal. Oleh karena itu diperlukan solusi pengganti bahan kimia tersebut dengan bahan yang ramah lingkungan. Hal ini sesuai dengan prinsip kimia hijau yang saat ini marak dikampanyekan (Muna & Mulyanti, 2021). Diantara prinsip kimia hijau adalah dengan mengurangi atau mengganti bahan berbahaya dengan bahan yang ramah lingkungan (Redhana et al., 2020). Pada percobaan asam basa bahan yang dapat digantikan adalah indikator asam basa yang digunakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 274,
"width": 471,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indikator asam basa alami dapat menggantikan indikator berbahan kimia. Perubahan warna pada indikator asam basa berbahan kimia juga dapat terjadi pada senyawa antosianin. Antosianin merupakan zat warna yang terdapat pada tanaman, terutama tanaman yang berwarna pekat. Antosianin memberikan warna merah. Diantara tanaman yang mengandung antosianin adalah buah naga, bunga telang, kubis ungu, dan lainnya (Yulfriansyah & Novitriani, 2016). Antosianin memberikan warna merah hingga biru. Senyawa ini tergolong dalam flavonoid yang bersifat polar, sehingga dapat diekstraksi dengan pelarut polar. Pelarut yang biasa digunakan dalam ekstraksi senyawa antosianin adalah air, etanol, dan etil asetat (Simanjuntak et al., 2014).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 388,
"width": 471,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indikator asam basa alami dapat dibuat dengan memanfaatkan senyawa antosianin yang terkandung pada tanaman. Walaupun perubahan warna pada indikator alami terkadang tidak signifikan atau hampir mirip pada pH tertentu, akan tetapi indikator berbahan alam cenderung mudah diperoleh. Oleh karena itu, indikator asam basa alami dapat menjadi alternatif yang lebih ekonomis dan ramah lingkungan dalam pengujian sifat asam basa (Gustriani et al., 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 452,
"width": 471,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian terkait penggunaan indikator asam basa berbahan alam telah banyak dipublikasikan. Diantaranya dengan memanfaatkan kulit buah naga (Yulfriansyah & Novitriani, 2016), kubis ungu (Gustriani et al., 2016), bunga sepatu (Riniati et al., 2019), karamunting (Indira, 2015), bunga belimbing wuluh (Lestari, 2016), bunga telang (Ramdan, 2017), bunga kencana, bunga kertas, dan masih banyak lagi (Ayuchecaria et al., 2023).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 515,
"width": 471,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesia merupakan negara yang terletak di antara dua benua dan memiliki iklim tropis. Hal ini menjadikan penyebaran flora di indonesia sangat beragam. Indonesia diperkirakan memiliki 25% keanekaragaman bunga yang ada di dunia. Bunga terbanyak yang terdapat di indionesia adalah bunga anggrek-anggrekan (Nurkhozin, 2019). Selain itu juga memiliki keanekaragaman tanaman berkayu. Bunga dan tanaman tersebut tersebar di hutan-hutan dan kawasan budidaya (Kusmana & Hikmat, 2015).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 591,
"width": 471,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dipaparkan, bunga atau tanaman yang mengandung senyawa antosianin dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai indikator asam basa memiliki ciri bunga yang cerah, berkelopak lembut, dan ringan. Karena keragaman flora di indonesia sehingga banyak sekali tanaman yang diperkirakan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai indikator alami. Dalan hal ini, peneliti mencoba menguji apakah bunga bungur ( Lagerstroemia speciosa ) dan bunga kiacret ( Spathodea campanulata ) dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan alam pengganti bahan kimia indikator asam basa. Kemudian bagaimana perubahan warna yang diberikan dari ekstrak bunga tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian yang dilakukan adalah untuk menguji hasil ekstrak bunga bungur dan bunga kiacret untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa asam basa. Dengan penelitian ini,peneliti berharap dapat memberikan alternatif pemilihan indikator asam basa alami dalam pembelajaran terutama pada kurikulum merdeka.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 181,
"top": 38,
"width": 247,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Workshop Penulisan Karya Ilmiah Multidisipliner 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 200,
"top": 56,
"width": 213,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SHEs: Conference Series 6 (4) (2023) 341 – 347",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 782,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "343",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 281,
"top": 85,
"width": 50,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 110,
"width": 471,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua tahap penelitian. Tahap pertama adalah uji secara sederhana dan tahap kedua adalah uji skala laboratorium. Uji secara sederhana dilakukan dengan menguji ekstrak bunga bungur dan kiacret pada bahan asam basa sederhana yaitu jeruk nipis, jeruk limau, cuka, jeruk manis, sabun cuci piring, air mineral pH 8, obat maag, sabun colek, soda kue, sabun cair, dan deterjen. Berdasarkan uji sederhana, hanya bunga bungur yang memenuhi kriteria sebagai indikator bahan alam. Oleh karena itu, penelitian dilanjutkan pada tahap uji laboratorium.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 198,
"width": 471,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Alat yang digunakan adalah lumpang dan alu, erlenmeyer, tabung reaksi, pH meter, kertas saring, neraca analitik, gelas beaker, gelas ukur, pipet tetes, corong gelas, dan pengaduk. Bahan yang digunakan adalah bunga bungur yang telah mekar sempurna sebagai bahan utama; asam klorida, natrium hidroksida, dan akuades sebagai bahan pendukung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 249,
"width": 471,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Langkah pertama dalam percobaan ini adalah menghaluskan 13 gram bunga bungur. Kemudian dimasukkan dalam beker dan ditambah 100 mL aquades. Kemudian diaduk dan disaring. Hasil ekstrak bunga diambil 2 mL dan dimasukkan dalam tabung reaksi. Selanjutnya dimasukkan 2 mL larutan pH 1-14 pada masing-masing tabung reaksi dandiberi label. Kemudian diamati perubahan warna pada masing-masing tabung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 325,
"width": 145,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 350,
"width": 471,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji ekstrak bunga bungur dan bunga kiacret sebagai indikator asam basa. Bahan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah bunga bungur dan bunga kiacret. Berikut identitas masing-masing bunga:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 388,
"width": 315,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Identitas Bunga Bungur Nama Pohon Bungur Kingdom Plantae Divisi Spermatophyta Subdivisi Angiospermae Kelas Dicotyledoneae Ordo Myrtales Suku Lythraceae",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 494,
"width": 471,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pohon bungur merupakan pohon perdu yang biasa dimanfaatkan sebagai peneduh jalan. Pohon ini tersebar di Indonesia, Filipina, Thailand, dan Jepang. Tanaman ini dapat tumbuh di lahan subur maupun gersang. Selain dimanfaatkan sebagai peneduh jalan, tanaman ini juga dimanfaatkan daunnya sebagai obat diabetes dan masalah kandung kemih oleh masyarakat Filipina (Yuliana, 2023).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 557,
"width": 314,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2. Identitas Bunga Kiacret Nama Ki Acret Kingdom Plantae Divisi Spermatophyta Kelas Dicotyledoneae Ordo Lamiales Famili Bignoniaceace",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 649,
"width": 471,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tanaman kiacret tumbuh secara alami di tepi sungai, hutan, dan semak. Pohon ini membutuhkan banyak cahaya matahari untuk pertumbuhan. Biasanya tanaman ini dimanfaatkan sebagai peneduh jalan. Namun, tanaman ini tergolong tanaman yang tidah tahan angin. Pohon ini berwarna abu coklat saat muda dan menjadi kehitaman saat tua. Bunganya berwarna merah jingga, besar dan mencolok. Tanaman ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat malaria, diabetes, HIV, sembelit, disentri, dan lainnya (Arnatrisia, 2023).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 181,
"top": 38,
"width": 247,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Workshop Penulisan Karya Ilmiah Multidisipliner 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 200,
"top": 56,
"width": 213,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SHEs: Conference Series 6 (4) (2023) 341 – 347",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 782,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "344",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 163,
"top": 274,
"width": 287,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1. Pohon Bungur (kiri); Pohon Kiacret (kanan)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 286,
"width": 471,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setelah mengetahui identitas bunga yang akan diteliti, penelitian dilanjutkan dengan melakukan uji sederhana pada kedua bunga, yaitu bunga bungur dan bunga kiacret. Uji sederhana dilakukan dengan mengekstraksi zat warna pada bunga dengan menggunakan pelarut air. Pelarut air dipilih karena lebih ramah lingkungan dibanding pelarut lainnya (Chamidah & Mulyanti, 2021). Selain itu senyawa yang diharapkan adalah antosianin yang merupakan senyawa polar sehingga dapat diekstrak dengan menggunakan air (Simanjuntak et al., 2014; Winterton, 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 375,
"width": 471,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proses ekstraksi dilakukan dengan menumbuk kedua bahan dan memasukkannya pada masing-masing wadah. Setelah didapatkan ekstraknya, kemudian dilakukan uji pada bahan asam dan basa sederhana yang ada di sekitar. Bahan asam yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah jeruk nipis, jeruk limau, cuka, dan jeruk manis. Bahan basa yang digunakan adalah air mineral pH 8, obat maag, sabun colek, soda kue, sabun cair, dan deterjen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 438,
"width": 471,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proses pengujian dilakukan dengan memindahkan ekstrak bunga pada 12 tabung reaksi. Pengujian ini 11 tabung reaksi untuk bahan uji dan 1 tabung sebagai kontrol yang diiisi dengan air. Kemudian pada masing-masing tabung ditambahkan dengan bahan-bahan uji. Pada masing-masing bahan uji diberikan label untuk memudahkan identifikasi. Pengujian sederhana pada bunga kiacret menunjukkan perubahan warna yang tidak signifikan dan sulit diamati perubahannya. Warna awal ekstrak bunga kiacret adalah merah kekuningan. Setelah ditambahkan bahan uji, warna larutan tetap dan hanya sedikit perubahan. Sementara itu, pengujian sederhana pada bunga bungur memberikan perubahan warna yang signifikan dengan beberapa warna. Diketahui dari uji sederhana ini warna indikator bunga bungur berwarna hijau pada senyawa basa dan berwarna merah pada senyawa asam. Berikut hasil perubahan warnanya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 185,
"top": 719,
"width": 242,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2. Hasil Uji Sederhana Bunga Bungur",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 732,
"width": 471,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil pengujian sederhana menunjukkan bahwa bunga bungur berpotensi sebagai indikator alami asam basa karena memberikan perubahan signifikan pada senyawa yang diuji.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 181,
"top": 38,
"width": 247,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Workshop Penulisan Karya Ilmiah Multidisipliner 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 200,
"top": 56,
"width": 213,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SHEs: Conference Series 6 (4) (2023) 341 – 347",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 782,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "345",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 85,
"width": 471,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Namun, bunga kiacret tidak dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai indikator alami asam basa karena perubahan yang diberikan tidak tampak nyata. Karena bunga bungur berpotensi, maka pengujian bunga bungur dilanjutkan pada skala laboratorium.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 123,
"width": 471,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengujian skala laboratorium dilakukan di Laboratorium Kimia Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi UIN Walisongo Semarang. Pengujian diawali dengan menimbang 13 gram bunga bungur. Selanjutnya, bunga digerus dan dipindahkan dalam gelas beker. Kemudian ditambahkan aquades sebanyak 100 mL untuk mengekstraksi zat warna pada bunga bungur. Setelah beberapa saat dan zat warna terekstrak, campuran disaring dan dipindahkan pada 14 tabung reaksi yang telah disiapkan sebelumnya. Masing-masing tabung reaksi diisi 2 mL ekstrak bunga. Masing-masing tabung reaksi diberikan label sesuai pH yang akan diujikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 211,
"width": 471,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selanjutnya dilakukan pembuatan larutan pH 1-14 dengan metode pengenceran. Larutan asam dibuat dengan mengencerkan larutan HCl hingga didapatkan pH 1-7 dan larutan basa dibuat dengan melarutkan padatan NaOH, kemudian diencerkan hingga mendapatkan pH 8-14. Larutan pH dikonfirmasi kebenarannya dengan menggunakan pH meter yang telah dikalibrasi sebelumya. Kemudian larutan pH tersebut diambil 2 mL dan dimasukkan pada masing-masing tabung reaksi sesuai dengan label yang tertera.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 429,
"width": 467,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 3. Hasil Uji Skala Laboratorium Ekstrak Bunga Bungur terhadap Larutan pH 1-14",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 441,
"width": 471,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil pengujian menunjukkan perubahan warna larutan ekstrak bunga bungur yang dicampurkan dengan larutan pH. Perubahan warna yang terjadi digolongkan dalam 4 klaster. Klaster pertama berwarna merah hingga merah keunguan yang terjadi pada pH 1-2. Pada klaster ini semakin turun pH larutan, warna larutan menjadi terang (merah). Klaster kedua yaitu larutan pH 3-11 yang berwarna ungu muda hingga ungu kehijauan. Pada klaster ini, warna larutan semakin pekat jika semakin tinggi pH larutan. Klaster ketiga yaitu larutan pH 12 yang berwarna Hijau. Klaster terakhir yaitu larutan pH 13-14 yang berwarna kuning hingga kuning kehijauan. Pada klaster ini, semakin rendah pH larutan, semakin pekat (kehijauan) warna larutannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 555,
"width": 471,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perubahan warna spesifik dari ekstrak bunga bungur terhadap masing-masing pH memberikan makna bahwa ekstrak bunga bungur dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai indikator alami pada pengujian senyawa asam dan basa. Namun, karena hanya terbagi pada 4 klaster yang cukup besar, penggunaan indikator dari ekstrak bunga bungur memiliki kelemahan, yaitu warna kurang spesifik atau sulit diamati warna tepatnya pada pH 3-11. Meskipun demikian, indikator asam basa alami dari ekstrak bunga bungur masih dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif indikator asam basa dibandingkan dengan indikator asam basa berbahan kimia. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan adanya penelitian lanjutan terkait penggunaan ekstrak bunga bungur sebagai indikator asam basa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 276,
"top": 682,
"width": 61,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 707,
"width": 471,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak bunga bungur dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai alternatif indikator asam basa dibandingkan dengan indikator berbahan kimia, karena memberikan warna spesifik pada masing-masing pH larutan. Hal ini dapat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 181,
"top": 38,
"width": 247,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Workshop Penulisan Karya Ilmiah Multidisipliner 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 200,
"top": 56,
"width": 213,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SHEs: Conference Series 6 (4) (2023) 341 – 347",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 782,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "346",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 85,
"width": 470,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mendukung pembelajaran berbasis kimia hijau pada kurikulum merdeka. Terutama pada siswa fase F yang mendapatkan materi asam basa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 110,
"width": 471,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perubahan warna yang dihasilkan terbagi menjadi 4 klaster dengan masing-masing klaster memiliki ciri unik. Ekstrak bunga bungur memberikan warna merah ke ungu semakin pekat jika pH semakin naik pada pH 1-11. Namun, ini terbalik pada pH 12-14 yang memberikan warna semakin terang pada pH yang semakin tinggi. Warna hijau terjadi pada pH 12 dan warna kuning terjadi pada pH 13-14.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 254,
"top": 186,
"width": 104,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 209,
"width": 471,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arnatrisia. (2023, October 24). Ki Acret – Spatodhea campanulata P. Beauv . Https://Www.Tamanhusadagrahafamili.Com/6401.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 236,
"width": 471,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ayuchecaria, N., Ariefin, M., Rahman, A., & Mulyasari, N. W. P. (2023). Coaching on Fabrication of Natural pH Indicators as an Alternate Synthetic Indicators at SMK Muhammadiyah Palangka Raya: Pelatihan Pembuatan Indikator pH Alami sebagai pengganti Indikator Sintetis di SMK Muhammadiyah Palangka Raya. NAWASENA: JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY SERVICE , 1 (01), 1 –7.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 300,
"width": 471,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Chamidah, A. N., & Mulyanti, S. (2021). Green chemistry-Based Reaction Rate Practice Through Online Media: An Analysis Of Teachers’ And Students’. Indonesian Journal of Science and Mathematics Education , 04 (July), 134 –144.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 338,
"width": 198,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.24042/ijsme.v4i1.8452",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 350,
"width": 471,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gustriani, N., Novitriani, K., & Mardiana, U. (2016). Penentuan trayek ph ekstrak kubis ungu (brassica oleracea l) sebagai indikator asam basa dengan variasi konsentrasi pelarut etanol. Jurnal Kesehatan Bakti Tunas Husada: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keperawatan, Analis Kesehatan Dan Farmasi , 16 (1), 94 –100.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 401,
"width": 465,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hawa, N. E., & Mulyanti, S. (2021). Efektifitas Penggunaan Kembang Sepatu sebagai Indikator Alam untuk Identifikasi Senyawa Asam Basa. Walisongo Journal of Chemistry , 4 (1), 1 –7. https://doi.org/10.21580/wjc.v4i1.6579",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 439,
"width": 471,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indira, C. (2015). Pembuatan indikator asam basa karamunting. Kaunia Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi , 9 (1), 1 –10.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 464,
"width": 471,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kusmana, C., & Hikmat, A. (2015). Keanekaragaman hayati flora di Indonesia. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam Dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) , 5 (2), 187. Lestari, P. (2016). Kertas Indikator Bunga Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L) Untuk Uji Larutan Asam-Basa. Jurnal Pendidikan Madrasah , 1 (1), 69 –84.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 527,
"width": 471,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muna, M. N., & Mulyanti, S. (2021). Indikator Asam-Basa Dari Alam: Riview Literatur Berdasarkan Teori Dan Praktek. PROSIDING Seminar Nasional Kimia Dan Pendidikan Kimia 2021 (SN-KPK 2021) , 62 –71.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 565,
"width": 471,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nurkhozin, S. M. dan M. (2019). Kimia Dasar Jilid 1 Edisi Revisi. In Bandung: Alfabeta . Alfabeta.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 591,
"width": 471,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ramdan, U. M. (2017). Efektivitas konsentrasi etanol untuk ekstraksi pewarna alami kembang telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) dan aplikasinya sebagai alternatif indikator asam basa. Jurnal Kesehatan Bakti Tunas Husada: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keperawatan, Analis Kesehatan Dan Farmasi , 17 (1), 33 –40.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 641,
"width": 471,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Redhana, I. W., Suardana, I. N., Selamat, I. N., & Merta, L. M. (2020). Pengaruh Praktikum Kimia Hijau Pada Sikap Siswa Terhadap Kimia. EDUSAINS , 12 (2), 154 –165. Riniati, R., Sularasa, A., & Febrianto, A. D. (2019). Ekstraksi Kembang sepatu (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis L) Menggunakan Pelarut Metanol dengan Metode Sokletasi untuk Indikator Titrasi Asam Basa. Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis (IJCA) , 2 (01), 34 –40. Simanjuntak, L., Sinaga, C., & Fatimah, F. (2014). Ekstraksi pigmen antosianin dari kulit buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 730,
"width": 471,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Winterton, N. (2021). The green solvent: A critical perspective. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy , 23 (9), 2499 –2522.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 181,
"top": 38,
"width": 247,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Workshop Penulisan Karya Ilmiah Multidisipliner 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 200,
"top": 56,
"width": 213,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SHEs: Conference Series 6 (4) (2023) 341 – 347",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 782,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "347",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 85,
"width": 471,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yulfriansyah, A., & Novitriani, K. (2016). Pembuatan indikator bahan alami dari ekstrak kulit buah naga (hylocereus polyrhizus) sebagai indikator alternatif asam basa berdasarkan variasi waktu perendaman. Jurnal Kesehatan Bakti Tunas Husada: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keperawatan, Analis Kesehatan Dan Farmasi , 16 (1), 153 –160.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 133,
"width": 468,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yuliana, F. (2023, September 5). Pohon bungur – Lagerstroemia indica L. Https://Www.Tamanhusadagrahafamili.Com/4511.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
9d944ee7-a735-d453-b9ec-89d070669ec0 | https://jurnal.univpgri-palembang.ac.id/index.php/indiktika/article/download/15336/8326 | [
{
"left": 71,
"top": 16,
"width": 218,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indiktika : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Matematika",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 387,
"top": 16,
"width": 49,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Submitted",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 459,
"top": 16,
"width": 64,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ": 27 Mei 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 30,
"width": 169,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P-ISSN 2655-2752, E-ISSN 2655-2345",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 30,
"width": 452,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Accepted : 16 Juni 2024 Juni 2024, Volume 6 No. 2 Hal. 245 - 254",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 43,
"width": 452,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Published : 20 Juni 2024 DOI : 10.31851/indiktika.v6i2.15336",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 804,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "245",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 102,
"top": 88,
"width": 431,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penggunaan Media Tangram pada Materi Geometri Bidang Datar Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis Siswa SD",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 188,
"top": 130,
"width": 256,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Adeliasari Kusuma Wardani 1* , Harry Dwi Putra 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 172,
"top": 143,
"width": 287,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "IKIP Siliwangi, Cimahi, Indonesia 1*,2 [email protected]*, [email protected] 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 200,
"width": 56,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 212,
"width": 357,
"height": 213,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa melalui penggunaan media Tangram. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, dengan subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas IV SDN Cibodas 1 Cimahi. Teknik pengumpulan data diperoleh dari hasil observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, mengutip penelitian terdahulu tentang media Tangram, serta hasil instrumen penilaian proyek individu. Proyek individu yang diberikan yaitu implementasi kemampuan kreatifitas geometris sesuai dengan konsep dasar dalam mengenal bentuk bangun datar. Hasil deskripsi menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kreatif memiliki 4 indikator yaitu kecepatan, keluwesan, keaslian, dan kemampuan mengolaborasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan penulis dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan media Tangram terhadap berpikir kreatif siswa pada materi bangun datar kelas IV SDN Cibodas 1 Cimahi dapat dikatakan efektif. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan pada aktivitas belajar siswa yang mampu memenuhi keseluruhan dari 4 indikator dalam berpikir kreatif. Selain itu, siswa mampu menyelesaikan media Tangram dengan tepat dan cepat untuk menyusun potongan-potongan Tangram sehingga menjadi suatu objek yang diinginkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 440,
"width": 245,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci : berpikir kreatif, media tangram, geometri",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 286,
"top": 472,
"width": 63,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 484,
"width": 357,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This research aims to describe students' mathematical creative thinking abilities through the use of Tangram media. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods, with the research subjects being fourth grade students at SDN Cibodas 1 Cimahi. Data collection techniques were obtained from observations, interviews, documentation, citing previous research on Tangram media, as well as the results of individual project assessment instruments. The individual project given is the implementation of geometric creativity skills in accordance with the basic concept of recognizing flat shapes. The results of the description show that creative thinking ability has 4 indicators, namely speed, flexibility, originality, and ability to collaborate. Based on the results of the research and the author's discussion, it can be concluded that the use of Tangram media for students' creative thinking in grade IV flat shape material at SDN Cibodas 1 Cimahi can be said to be effective. This is shown in students' learning activities which are able to fulfill all 4 indicators of creative thinking. Apart from that, students are able to complete the Tangram media accurately and quickly to arrange the Tangram pieces so that they become the desired object.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 699,
"width": 251,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords : creative thinking, tangram media, geometry",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 16,
"width": 218,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indiktika : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Matematika",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 387,
"top": 16,
"width": 49,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Submitted",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 459,
"top": 16,
"width": 64,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ": 27 Mei 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 30,
"width": 169,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P-ISSN 2655-2752, E-ISSN 2655-2345",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 30,
"width": 452,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Accepted : 16 Juni 2024 Juni 2024, Volume 6 No. 2 Hal. 245 - 254",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 43,
"width": 452,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Published : 20 Juni 2024 DOI : 10.31851/indiktika.v6i2.15336",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 804,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "246",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 88,
"width": 96,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 102,
"width": 415,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kreativitas adalah kemampuan seseorang dalam menciptakan sesuatu hal yang berbeda, baik itu ide, solusi, maupun karya seni. Sedangkan pelajaran matematika merupakan mata pelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah dan dapat membantu untuk mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa karena, matematika merupakan pelajaran yang dapat melatih siswa untuk berpikir kritis, logis, dan kreatif (Rahmani & Widyasari, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 184,
"width": 415,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kemampuan berpikir kreatif dapat dikembangkan melalui kemampuan dalam memperoleh berbagai solusi atas masalah (Dewi et.al, 2019). Tingkat kreativitas yang tinggi menunjukkan bahwa seorang individu memiliki kemampuan untuk menciptakan ide-ide baru (Mulyaningsih & Ratu, 2018). Menurut teori Guilford yang mengemukakan terkait kriteria kemampuan berpikir kreatif adalah (1) Kecepatan, mengacu pada kemampuan memberikan informasi dengan cepat. (2) Keluwesan, merupakan keterampilan seseorang dalam menyampaikan ide yang beragam. (3) Keaslian, yaitu kemampuan seseorang dalam mengekspresikan suatu ide. (4) Kemampuan mengolaborasi, yakni keterampilan seseorang dalam meningkatkan dan mengembangkan suatu ide.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 322,
"width": 415,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Namun faktanya, kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa saat ini belum setara pada capaian hasil belajar siswa matematika yang terkategori rendah (Putra et al., 2018). Rendahnya capaian belajar matematika tersebut terjadi karena sebagian pendidik belum secara efektif menerapkan metode dan media pembelajaran yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam proses belajar siswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 391,
"width": 415,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media pembelajaran secara umum merupakan komponen kunci dari proses pembelajaran. Komponen kunci tersebut didefinisikan sebagai alat atau sebuah objek yang dimanfaatkan kegunaanya untuk mengembangkan kemampuan siswa dalam memotivasi terjadinya proses belajar. Tujuannya untuk memberi pengaruh positif pada siswa baik dalam tindakan dan keinginan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran (Suryani et al., 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 474,
"width": 414,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proses pembelajaran dapat berjalan efektif jika pendidik dapat mengimplementasikan media atau perangkat pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan materi yang diajarkan. Pernyataan tersebut relevan dengan pendapat Wati (2016) yang berpendapat tentang manfaat media pembelajaran antara lain (1) proses belajar yang kreatif, (2) mudah untuk menyampaikan materi, (3) siswa merasa senang, (4) mendorong semangat belajar siswa, (5) memotivasi kemauan belajar siswa, (6) mendukung siswa dalam berpikir, (7) memacu ketanggapan siswa, dan (8) menciptakan hubungan baik antara siswa dan guru melalui proses diskusi. Selain itu, media pembelajaran sangat penting diterapkan terutama dalam pembelajaran matematika.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 612,
"width": 415,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Matematika adalah mata pelajaran yang mempunyai banyak peranan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Matematika menggunakan kemampuan berpikir yang logis, sistematis, dan mempunyai banyak cabang keilmuan (Ovan, 2022). Geometri adalah salah satu konsep dasar dalam pendidikan matematika (Kemendikbudristek, 2022). Pembelajaran geometri di kelas IV didasarkan pada kurikulum matematika yang dituangkan dalam Keputusan Kemendikbud Nomor 008/H/KR/2022. Adapun media yang dapat mendukung pembelajaran siswa dalam memahami dan mengenal bentuk- bentuk bangun datar yakni media.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 722,
"width": 415,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media Tangram merupakan salah satu jenis permainan puzzle berubah bentuk yang berasal dari Tiongkok. Tangram sendiri berbentuk puzzle yang tersusun 7 buah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 16,
"width": 218,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indiktika : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Matematika",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 387,
"top": 16,
"width": 49,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Submitted",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 459,
"top": 16,
"width": 64,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ": 27 Mei 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 30,
"width": 169,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P-ISSN 2655-2752, E-ISSN 2655-2345",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 30,
"width": 452,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Accepted : 16 Juni 2024 Juni 2024, Volume 6 No. 2 Hal. 245 - 254",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 387,
"top": 43,
"width": 46,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Published",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 459,
"top": 43,
"width": 64,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ": 20 Juni 2024",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 57,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DOI : 10.31851/indiktika.v6i2.15336",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 804,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "247",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 88,
"width": 414,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "bidang datar, seperti tercantum pada Gambar 1. Siswa bisa mengkreasikan karya- karya tersebut melalui potongan-potongan Tangram dengan menyusunnya dalam berbagai bentuk, dapat dijadikan desain rumah, burung, ikan, dll (Susilastuti & Permana, 2021). Adapun contoh susunan kembali media Tangram tersebut terlihat pada Gambar 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 259,
"top": 371,
"width": 115,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1. Tangram",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 220,
"top": 616,
"width": 230,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2: Potongan Tangram setelah di kreasikan",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 643,
"width": 417,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teka-teki Tangram bermanfaat dalam meningkatkan keterampilan pemecahan masalah geometri siswa, keterampilan belajar mandiri, serta dorongan motivasi siswa dalam proses belajar (Badger & Medina, 2015). Pengajaran geometri melalui puzzle Tangram sangat bermanfaat dalam mengembangkan kemampuan anak dalam mengamati, menganalisis bentuk, imajinasi kreatif dan berpikir logis (Saleem & Aziz, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 725,
"width": 415,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Namun kenyataannya, materi geometri adalah salah satu cabang matematika yang sulit untuk siswa kuasai. Kurangnya penguasaan suatu cabang ilmu matematika",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 16,
"width": 218,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indiktika : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Matematika",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 387,
"top": 16,
"width": 49,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Submitted",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 459,
"top": 16,
"width": 64,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ": 27 Mei 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 30,
"width": 169,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P-ISSN 2655-2752, E-ISSN 2655-2345",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 30,
"width": 452,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Accepted : 16 Juni 2024 Juni 2024, Volume 6 No. 2 Hal. 245 - 254",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 387,
"top": 43,
"width": 46,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Published",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 459,
"top": 43,
"width": 64,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ": 20 Juni 2024",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 57,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DOI : 10.31851/indiktika.v6i2.15336",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 804,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "248",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 88,
"width": 414,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "tersebut di sekolah dasar terletak pada materi bangun datar (Hidayat & Widjajanti, 2018). Fakta rendahnya pengetahuan siswa dalam mengenal bentuk bangun datar diperoleh penulis berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan guru wali kelas V yang menjelaskan bahwa kemampuan siswa kelas V dalam mengenal bangun datar terbilang rendah hal tersebut didapati dari perolehan nilai siswa, lebih lanjut pemahaman materi bangun datar di kelas sebelumnya yang masih kurang efektif sehingga menyebabkan ketidaktahuan siswa dalam mengenal bentuk-bentuk bangun datar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 198,
"width": 415,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selain itu, kesulitan siswa dalam mengenal bangun datar tersebut menjadi tantangan guru dalam menyampaikan materi bangun ruang. Penulis juga mewawancarai guru kelas IV yang memberikan pendapat terkait kesulitan siswa dalam mengenal bangun datar tersebut disebabkan oleh kurangnya melibatkan peran aktif siswa selama proses belajar. Hal ini menyebabkan kemampuan siswa dalam menguasai mata pelajaran tersebut tergolong rendah dan pembelajaran menjadi kurang maksimal (Rohimah & Nursuprianah, 2016). Melalui proses belajar siswa yang menuntut untuk mencoba, mengalami serta bekerja, pada akhirnya siswa memperoleh pemahaman, pengetahuan, membentuk sikap dan keterampilan berpikir kreatif (Warayang et al., 2023).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 336,
"width": 415,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Wulandari & Fitrianawati (2021), yang membahas terkait pengembangan media pembelajaran yakni “Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Kelas V Pada Materi Geometri Berbasis Etnomatika” memperoleh hasil bahwa pada pengembangan media pembelajaran LKPD tersebut dapat mendorong keingintahuan peserta didik dalam proses belajar, hal ini dilakukan agar peserta didik dapat belajar mandiri pada pembelajaran matematika dan juga dapat membuat pembelajaran matematika tersebut lebih mengesankan dengan proses belajar yang tidak bosan dan jenuh, karena peserta didik dapat melihat gambar ilustrasi yang dimuat pada LKPD, oleh karena itu LKPD berbasis etnomatematika tersebut dapat menjadi media pembelajaran yakni sebagai penunjang dalam proses pembelajaran di sekolah dasar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 488,
"width": 415,
"height": 190,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lebih lanjut menurut penelitian terdahulu yang dilakukan oleh Wulandari & Mawardi (2018), yang meneliti terkait “Pengembangan Media Papan Tempel Bangun Datar Berbasis Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa Kelas 4 SD”. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut dijelaskan bahwa berdasarkan segi penggunaan media papan tempel bangun datar tersebut mudah untuk diimplementasikan oleh siswa karena dilengkapi buku petunjuk penggunaan media papan tempel yang bisa dilakukan oleh siswa setelah mendapati petunjuk permainan tersebut. Selain itu media papan tempel bangun datar ini mampu menumbuhkan keaktifan siswa sehingga interaksi antar siswa dapat terjalin. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan kesesuaian media papan tempel yang dirancang dengan kriteria anak jenjang Sekolah Dasar seperti, ketepatan huruf dan ukurannya, kesesuaian warna, mengkolaborasikan setiap warna, gambar serta tulisan. Pemilihan warna dalam media ini menggunakan warna cerah seperti hijau, kuning dan merah. Warna tersebut cocok untuk siswa sekolah dasar karena dapat memberikan kesan kepada siswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 681,
"width": 415,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan penelitian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa materi matematika di jenjang Sekolah Dasar (SD) pada materi Geometri Bidang Datar menjadi kesulitan siswa dalam memahami konsep yang berlaku pada setiap point sub materi tersebut. Sehingga beberapa strategi yang dilakukan penelitian dalam upaya untuk meminimalisir kesulitan tersebut dilakukan agar proses belajar peserta didik dapat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 16,
"width": 218,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indiktika : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Matematika",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 387,
"top": 16,
"width": 49,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Submitted",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 459,
"top": 16,
"width": 64,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ": 27 Mei 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 30,
"width": 169,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P-ISSN 2655-2752, E-ISSN 2655-2345",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 30,
"width": 452,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Accepted : 16 Juni 2024 Juni 2024, Volume 6 No. 2 Hal. 245 - 254",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 387,
"top": 43,
"width": 46,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Published",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 459,
"top": 43,
"width": 64,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ": 20 Juni 2024",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 57,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DOI : 10.31851/indiktika.v6i2.15336",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 804,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "249",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 88,
"width": 414,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "berjalan efektif dan maksimal. Terlepas dari itu, ada banyak cara yang dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan strategi yang disusun agar dapat memudahkan siswa dalam belajar matematika baik dari segi metode, model, dan media pembelajaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 129,
"width": 415,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan problematika di atas, maka upaya untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut diperlukan penerapan media pembelajaran yang diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa. Karena itu, peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian dengan judul: “Penggunaan Media Tangram Pada Materi Geometri Bidang Datar Terhadap Kemampuan Berfikir Kreatif Matematis Siswa SD”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 212,
"width": 415,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa melalui media Tangram yang dibuat sedemikian objek dan tersusun dari bentuk-bentuk bangun datar, guna untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman materi geometris siswa kelas IV di SDN Cibodas 1 Cimahi. Selain itu, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat berkontribusi pada pengembangan pendidikan, terkhusus untuk kebutuhan siswa dalam menemukan lingkungan yang menyenangkan di sekolah sehingga mereka mampu belajar kreatif melalui penggunaan multimedia dan mendorong semangat siswa untuk belajar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 336,
"width": 59,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 350,
"width": 415,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif yang dilakukan pada bulan Oktober tahun 2023. Data bersumber dari hasil observasi kelas untuk mengetahui seluruh kegiatan siswa selama proses belajar, hasil wawancara dengan guru kelas IV dan V, hasil pengamatan langsung oleh observer di dalam kelas selama proses belajar berlangsung, mengutip penelitian terdahulu tentang media Tangram serta hasil instrumen penilaian proyek individu. Analisis datanya dilakukan secara kuliatatif melalui hasil pengamatan dan hasil studi dokumentasi selama proses belajar siswa. Subjek penelitian dengan kriteria merupakan siswa kelas IV SDN Cibodas 1 Cimahi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 474,
"width": 415,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perencanaan penelitian dilakukan dengan mempersiapkan instrumen lembar penilaian yang diberikan meliputi tugas proyek individu. Proyek yang diberikan yaitu mengimplementasikan kemampuan berpikir kreatif geometris siswa sesuai dengan konsep dasar dalam mengenal bentuk-bentuk bangun datar dan mempersiapkan objek/benda yang sesuai dengan bentuk bangun datar untuk pertanyaan pemantik, siswa diberikan pertanyaan sederhana mengenai apakah nama objek dengan bentuk bangun datar tersebut serta siswa diberikan stimulus melalui lirik lagu yang mengandung bentuk bangun datar kemudian dinyanyikan bersama-sama.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 598,
"width": 158,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 612,
"width": 415,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kelas IV SDN Cibodas 1 Cimahi pada materi bangun datar dengan tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa dengan media Tangram yang dibuat sedemikian objek dan tersusun dari bentuk-bentuk bangun datar, guna untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman materi geometris siswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 681,
"width": 415,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selanjutnya siswa diberikan penilaian individu berupa instrumen penilaian ada atau tidaknya kemampuan siswa dalam mengkaji kreativitasnya melalui media Tangram. Dokumentasi hasil capaian siswa dalam menyelesaikan praktik media Tangram dapat dilihat pada Gambar 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 16,
"width": 218,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indiktika : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Matematika",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 387,
"top": 16,
"width": 49,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Submitted",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 459,
"top": 16,
"width": 64,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ": 27 Mei 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 30,
"width": 169,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P-ISSN 2655-2752, E-ISSN 2655-2345",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 30,
"width": 452,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Accepted : 16 Juni 2024 Juni 2024, Volume 6 No. 2 Hal. 245 - 254",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 43,
"width": 452,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Published : 20 Juni 2024 DOI : 10.31851/indiktika.v6i2.15336",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 804,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "250",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 171,
"top": 258,
"width": 291,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 3. Hasil karya siswa dalam menerapkan media Tangram",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 285,
"width": 415,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari Gambar 3 tersebut, penerapan media Tangram pada siswa kelas IV SDN Cibodas 1 Cimahi di materi bangun datar bahwa ketepatan serta kecepatan siswa dalam menyelesaikan tugas proyek individu ini sangat membantu siswa dalam belajar secara matematis dan memudahkan kemampuan pemahaman siswa terkait konsep dasar geometri dalam mengenal bentuk-bentuk dari bangun datar karena, media Tangram ini adalah salah satu media pembelajaran dimana siswa dapat belajar sambil bermain selama proses pembelajaran berlangsung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 381,
"width": 415,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selain itu, hasil kreasi Tangram siswa dibuat semenarik mungkin dengan ditambahkan hiasan dan diberi warna. Sehingga, hasil penerapan media Tangram pada materi geometri bidang datar ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa, siswa mampu menggunakan media Tangram ini untuk upaya dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif serta siswa mampu mengenal baik nama-nama dari bentuk bangun datar yang semula mengenal istilah objek kotak untuk bentuk segi empat menjadi istilah persegi yang merupakan nama untuk segi empat di bangun datar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 478,
"width": 415,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis data yang peneliti peroleh melalui pengamatan dan studi dokumentasi selama proses belajar siswa menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran siswa setelah menggunakan media Tangram memberikan dampak positif terhadap belajar siswa dan tekad siswa untuk berkontribusi sepanjang proses pembelajaran. Hal ini ditunjukkan pada kemampuan siswa dalam menyelesaikan proyek media Tangram ini dengan tepat. Selain itu, siswa mampu untuk mengenal nama-nama dari bentuk bangun datar yang sudah mereka terapkan melalui lembar proyek media Tangram.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 574,
"width": 417,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kegiatan pembelajaran dimulai dari mengamati lembar proyek media Tangram yang berisikan sebuah objek burung ataupun mobil kemudian, mengukur panjang serta lebar yang di perlukan dengan bantuan mistar untuk membuat potongan- potongan Tangram sesuai dengan lembar proyek yang di berikan oleh penulis kepada siswa dan menyusun puzzle Tangram dengan tepat serta mampu mengenal dan menuliskan nama dari bentuk bangun datar tersebut di atas potongan kertas yang sudah dibuat dan disusun sesuai pola yang ada pada lembar proyek siswa. Adapun dokumentasi kegiatan pembelajaran dapat dilihat pada Gambar 4.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 16,
"width": 218,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indiktika : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Matematika",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 387,
"top": 16,
"width": 49,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Submitted",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 459,
"top": 16,
"width": 64,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ": 27 Mei 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 30,
"width": 169,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P-ISSN 2655-2752, E-ISSN 2655-2345",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 30,
"width": 452,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Accepted : 16 Juni 2024 Juni 2024, Volume 6 No. 2 Hal. 245 - 254",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 43,
"width": 452,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Published : 20 Juni 2024 DOI : 10.31851/indiktika.v6i2.15336",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 804,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "251",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 218,
"top": 250,
"width": 197,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 4: Proses penerapan media tagram",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 275,
"width": 415,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 4 merupakan proses penerapan media Tangram untuk siswa kelas IV SDN Cibodas 1 Cimahi, pada proses ini siswa sangatlah antusias dalam menyelesaikan media Tangram dengan ekspresi bahagia mereka yang bisa penulis lihat dan rasakan selama proses pembelajaran berlangsung. Siswa mulai menampilkan rasa percaya diri serta mampu menyelesaikan proyek media Tangram ini dengan berani untuk bertanya ataupun membantu rekannya yang kesulitan menyelesaikan media Tangram tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 372,
"width": 415,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selama penerapan media Tangram di kelas IV ini terdata oleh peneliti, bahwa sebagian besar siswa bersemangat dan ingin menyelesaikan proyek media Tangram ini dengan cepat dan tepat. Setiap siswa memiliki tanggung jawab atas tugasnya masing-masing, yakni dengan menyelesaikan media Tangram, solusi atas tanggung jawab tersebut diselesaikan siswa dengan baik dan benar karena ketelitian dan ketertarikan siswa hanya tertuju pada media Tangram tersebut. Selain itu, adanya penerapan media pembelajaran dalam proses belajar mengajar, pendidik dapat mendukung pemanfaaatan media yang inovatif dan efektif ketika menerangkan materi dan siswa termotivasi agar berpartisipasi aktif di kelas (Hobri et al, 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 496,
"width": 415,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemanfaatan media pembelajaran yang inovatif dan efektif sangat diperlukan, mengingat kebutuhan siswa di sekolah saat ini memang harus diarahkan ke pembahasan materi yang melibatkan praktik oleh karena itu, peran pendidik dalam menciptakan kelas yang efektif harus didukung dengan metode, model dan media pembelajaran yang baik. Pemanfaatan media pembelajaran yang diciptakan pendidik harus sesuai dengan kebutuhan lapangan siswa agar pembelajaran di kelas dapat berjalan sesuai tujuan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 593,
"width": 415,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut hasil temuan penelitian ini, kemampuan siswa dalam memenuhi 4 indikator kemampuan berpikir kreatif yakni kecepatan, keluwesan, keaslian, dan kemampuan mengolaborasi ini sudah efektif, hal tersebut ditunjukkan oleh kemampuan siswa dalam menyelesaikan hasil media Tangram yang dibuat dengan cepat dan tepat, keluwesan siswa dalam menyusun potongan media Tangram dikatakan cukup baik dan kondusif, serta media Tangram yang dibuat oleh masing- masing siswa adalah karya siswa yang kemudian dikolaborasikan dengan menambahkan warna dasar maupun hiasan di sekeliling media Tangram yang dibuat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 703,
"width": 415,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selain itu, penerapan media Tangram efektif dimanfaatkan sebagai alat penunjang yang menjembatani proses belajar siswa dengan materi yang akan disampaikan oleh pendidik sehingga dapat mendukung proses pembelajaran siswa dalam memahami materi Bangun Datar terutama dalam mengenal bentuk-bentuk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 16,
"width": 218,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indiktika : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Matematika",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 387,
"top": 16,
"width": 49,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Submitted",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 459,
"top": 16,
"width": 64,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ": 27 Mei 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 30,
"width": 169,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P-ISSN 2655-2752, E-ISSN 2655-2345",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 30,
"width": 452,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Accepted : 16 Juni 2024 Juni 2024, Volume 6 No. 2 Hal. 245 - 254",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 387,
"top": 43,
"width": 46,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Published",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 459,
"top": 43,
"width": 64,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ": 20 Juni 2024",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 57,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DOI : 10.31851/indiktika.v6i2.15336",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 804,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "252",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 88,
"width": 414,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "bangun datar, hal tersebut ditunjukkan pada peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman siswa dalam mengenal serta membedakan bentuk-bentuk bangun datar yang diperoleh dari hasil pengamatan langsung oleh penulis selama proses pembelajaran di kelas. Pernyataan tersebut selaras dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Hobri et al. (2022) yang menyatakan bahwa, media pembelajaran sebagai perantara pada proses belajar matematika dianggap sebagai praktik yang baik untuk mengembangkan serta menanamkan rasa keingintahuan dan mendukung semangat proses belajar siswa. Adanya penerapan media pembelajaran, pendidik dapat dengan mudah menyampaikan materi kepada siswa untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran yang diharapkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 226,
"width": 415,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Adapun pemilihan media pembelajaran yakni media Tangram pada penelitian ini agar dapat menciptakan ketertarikan siswa dalam menyelesaikan media Tangram tersebut menjadi kesenangan siswa dalam setiap proses belajar yang terjadi, seperti kesenangan siswa yang diberikan keleluasan atau kesempatan oleh pendidik dalam menuangkan ide maupun gagasan agar dapat memperkaya hasil keindahan media Tangram dan mempercayai dirinya sendiri agar dapat mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kreatifnya melalui penggunaan media Tangram.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 336,
"width": 143,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SIMPULAN DAN SARAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 350,
"width": 415,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemanfaatan dari penggunaan media Tangram dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa guna untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman materi bangun datar siswa kelas IV di SDN Cibodas 1 Cimahi. Terlihat jelas adanya perbedaan dan peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa ketika digunakan media Tangram, siswa banyak mengeksplor ide kreatifnya untuk kebutuhan projek media Tangram yang dimilikinya, siswa mampu untuk dapat mengenal dan memahami materi Bangun Datar melalui penerapam media Tangram dan siswa secara tidak langsung sudah mengalami proses belajar yang menyenangkan. Pembelajaran yang menyenangkan dapat menciptakan proses belajar di kelas yang efektif. Selain itu, proses pembelajaran di kelas saat ini memerlukan media dimana siswa dapat terlibat aktif selama proses belajar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 502,
"width": 415,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Saran penulis kepada siswa adalah jangan khawatir atau bosan saat belajar matematika, karena guru selalu menciptakan ide kreatif yang menarik untuk proses belajar. Lebih lanjut, siswa disarankan agar dapat mempelajari serta memahami pembelajaran matematika pada materi Bangun Datar dengan sering mengerjakan latihan soal dan membaca buku pegangan yang diberikan oleh sekolah sehingga, pemahaman siswa dalam mengenal materi tersebut mudah untuk siswa pahami. Tentunya hal tersebut harus didukung oleh orang-orang sekitar baik di lingkungan rumah dan lingkungan sekolah, peran orang tua yang harus menjadi faktor utama dalam memberikan penerapan serta motivasi siswa agar mau belajar dirumah meskipun di hari libur.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 640,
"width": 415,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Adapun saran yang diberikan kepada pendidik agar dapat memanfaatkan berbagai macam bentuk media pembelajaran sesuai kebutuhan kelas yang dapat mengeksplor kemampuan matematis siswa baik dalam berpikir kritis dan berpikir kreatif, sehingga pembelajaran dapat dicapai dengan hasil pembelajaran siswa yang lebih baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 16,
"width": 218,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indiktika : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Matematika",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 387,
"top": 16,
"width": 49,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Submitted",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 459,
"top": 16,
"width": 64,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ": 27 Mei 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 30,
"width": 169,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P-ISSN 2655-2752, E-ISSN 2655-2345",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 30,
"width": 452,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Accepted : 16 Juni 2024 Juni 2024, Volume 6 No. 2 Hal. 245 - 254",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 43,
"width": 452,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Published : 20 Juni 2024 DOI : 10.31851/indiktika.v6i2.15336",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 804,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "253",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 88,
"width": 113,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 108,
"width": 415,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Badger, T. M., & Medina, E. V. (2015). Puzzles-based Learning of Mathematics in Engineering. Engineering Education , 8 (1), 122–134. Dewi, H. R., Mayasari, T., Handhika, J., Dewi, H. R., Mayasari, T., Handhika, J. Pendidikan, P. (2019). Increasing Creative Thinking Skills and Understanding of Physics Concepts Through Application of Stem-Based Inquiry. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA , 4 (1), 25–30.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 190,
"width": 415,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hidayat, P. W., & Widjajanti, D. B. (2018). Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif dan Minat Belajar Siswa dalam Mengerjakan Soal Open Ended dengan Pendekatan CTL. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika , 13 (1), 63–75. Hobri, S., Kristiana, A. I., Fatahillah, A., Waluyo, E., Alfarisi, R., Budi, H. S., & Helmi, M. I. (2022). Matematika untuk SD/MI Kelas IV . Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 273,
"width": 415,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kemendikbudristek. (2022). Keputusan Kepala Badan Standar Kurikulum, dan Asesmen Pendidikan Nomor 008/KR/2022 tentang Capaian Pembelajaran pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, Jenjang Pendidikan Dasar, dan Jenjang Pendidikan Menengah pada Kurikulum Merdeka. In Kemendikbudristek BSKAP RI (Issue 021).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 342,
"width": 415,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mulyaningsih, T., & Ratu, N. (2018). Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa SMP dalam Memecahkan Masalah Matematika pada Materi Pola Barisan Bilangan. Pendekar : Jurnal Pendidikan Berkarakter , 1 (1), 34–41.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 384,
"width": 415,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ovan. (2022). Landasan Filsafat Matematika . Cahaya Harapan. Putra, H. D., Akhidayat, A. M., & Setiany, E. P. (2018). Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematik Siswa SMP di Cimahi. Jurnal Matematika Kreatif - Inovatif , 9 (1), 47–53.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 439,
"width": 414,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rahmani, W., & Widyasari, N. (2017). Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis Siswa Melalui Media Tangram. Holistika Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD , 1 (2), 131–136.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 480,
"width": 415,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rohimah, I., & Nursuprianah, I. (2016). Pengaruh Pemahaman Konsep Geometri Terhadap Kemampuan Siswa Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal-Soal Bidang Datar. Eduma : Mathematics Education Learning and Teaching , 5 (1), 20–35. Saleem, T., & Aziz, S. (2017). Effect of Using Tangram Puzzles on the Achievement of Students in Geometry at Primary Level. In International Journal of Innovation in Teaching and Learning (IJITL) . Suryani, N., Setiawan, A., & Putria, A. (2018). Media Pembelajaran Inovatif dan Pengembangannya . PT Remaja Rosdakarya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 590,
"width": 415,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Susilastuti, V., & Permana, N. (2021). Efektivitas Media Tangram Berpetak Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Journal on Education , 4 (1), 7–13. Wati, E. R. (2016). Ragam Media Pembelajaran, Audio-Audio-Komputer-Internet- Interactive Video . Kata Pena.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 659,
"width": 415,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Warayang, W. J., Ardi, B., & Huda, C. (2023). Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Papan Tangram Terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa Kelas IV SDN Pandeanlamper 04 Materi Bangun Datar Segi Banyak Beraturan dan Tidak Beraturan. Didaktik : Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang , 9 (2), 5335–5342. Wulandari, A. N., & Mawardi. (2018). Pengembangan Media Papan Tempel Bangun Datar Berbasis Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa Kelas 4 SD. Jurnal Pigur , 1 (2), 10–17.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 16,
"width": 218,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indiktika : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Matematika",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 387,
"top": 16,
"width": 49,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Submitted",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 459,
"top": 16,
"width": 64,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ": 27 Mei 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 30,
"width": 169,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P-ISSN 2655-2752, E-ISSN 2655-2345",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 30,
"width": 452,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Accepted : 16 Juni 2024 Juni 2024, Volume 6 No. 2 Hal. 245 - 254",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 43,
"width": 452,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Published : 20 Juni 2024 DOI : 10.31851/indiktika.v6i2.15336",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 804,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "254",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 88,
"width": 414,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wulandari, E., & Fitrianawati, M. (2021). Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Kelas V pada Materi Geometri Berbasis Etnomatika. Indiktika : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Matematika, 4 (1), 73–82 .",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
6519adf9-b33f-de7c-f7b4-bc039b43b1a2 | https://jurnal.unsil.ac.id/index.php/jipp/article/download/2619/1743 | [
{
"left": 516,
"top": 731,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "29",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 117,
"width": 400,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Peran Negara Dalam Perlindungan Hak Pekerja Perempuan Pada Pemenuhan Cuti Haid di Kota Cimahi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 175,
"top": 187,
"width": 291,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dhita Ayu Pramesti 1 , Wiwi Widiastuti 2 , Fitriyani Yuliawati 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 124,
"top": 210,
"width": 396,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurusan Ilmu Politik, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Siliwangi [email protected]; [email protected];",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 248,
"top": 251,
"width": 147,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "[email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 285,
"width": 45,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 299,
"width": 417,
"height": 246,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Perkembangan Iptek dan keterbukaan akses perempuan ke dunia kerja berimplikasi meningkatnya partisipasi perempuan yang bekerja. Sebagaimana kesepakatan CEDAW, perlu adanya perlindungan peran dan kesehatan reproduksi yang dimiliki oleh perempuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep Negara Hukum dan Ketidakadilan Gender. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan teknik wawancara. Pengaturan Cuti Haid, telah tertuang pada peraturan perundang-undangan terkait ketenagakerjaan. Akan tetapi berdasarkan penelitian ini, diketahui bahwa penerapan Cuti Haid di lingkungan kerja Kota Cimahi belum optimal. Pekerja perempuan yang akan mempergunakan Cuti Haidnya, mengalami ketidakadilan gender berupa diskriminasi dan kekerasan, subordinasi isu Cuti Haid, hingga stereotip negatif pengakses Cuti Haid. Selain itu, terdapat dominasi kuasa dari pihak perusahaan sebagai penyedia kerja. Posisi tawar pekerja perempuan dinilai rendah di mata perusahaan, terutama di tengah bonus demografi yang tinggi. Subordinasi kepentingan isu Cuti Haid ini pun terjadi baik di kalangan pekerja, serikat pekerja, dan juga instansi pemerintahan. Disfungsi pembinaan ketenagakerjaan dan pengawasan ketenagakerjaan menjadi bentuk abai negara dalam melindungi hak dasar pekerja perempuan. Bentuk abai negara dikarenakan tindakan dan alur perlindungan penegakan hak pekerja bersifat kasuistis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 571,
"width": 271,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kata Kunci: Pekerja Perempuan, Hak Cuti Haid, Negara",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 607,
"width": 44,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 619,
"width": 417,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The development of Science and Technology the openness of women’s access into the work world implicates increased female participation. As the CEDAW agreement, it is necessary to protect the role and productive health of woman. This research uses the concept of The Rule of Law and Gender Inequalities. This research uses a qualitative method with descriptive analysis. Data retrieval techniques using interview techniques. The regulation about Menstrual Leave have been exist in labor law. However, based",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 516,
"top": 731,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "30",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 417,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "on this Research it is known that the application of menstrual leave in the Cimahi City work environment is not optimal. Female workers who will use their Menstrual Leave experience gender inequalities in form of discrimination and violence, subordinate menstrual issues, stereotypes to troublesome accessibility. Moreover, there was a dominance of power form the corporate as provider of work. The bargaining position of female workers are low in company eyes, especially in the midst of a high demographic bonus. The subordinate interest of the issue of Menstrual Leave occurs in employees, labor union, and government. The dysfunction of manpower development and labor inspection is the form of neglect by the State in protecting the basic rights of the female workers. The form of neglect the State because the actions and flow of protections for the enforcement of the labors right are casuistic .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 296,
"width": 327,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Keyword: Labor, Female Workers, Menstrual Leave Rights, State",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 351,
"width": 71,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 379,
"width": 192,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tenaga kerja adalah salah satu elemen penting pada produksi dan pembangunan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 208,
"top": 434,
"width": 38,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Seiring",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 434,
"width": 193,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "dengan industrialisasi di dunia, mengakibatkan adanya pergeseran mata pencarian masyarakat. Pergeseran mata pencarian masyarakat yang semula mayoritas bekerja di ladang dan kebun, kemudian berubah menjadi pekerja di pusat kota.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 627,
"width": 192,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kini, dengan terbukanya kesempatan kerja, bekerja tidak hanya diperankan oleh laki-laki saja, tetapi juga",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 379,
"width": 192,
"height": 231,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "perempuan. Semakin mudahnya aksebilitas perempuan pada pendidikan dan pekerjaan, akhirnya meningkatkan partisipasi perempuan di pasar angkatan kerja. Meskipun di lapangan, masih menyisakan bayang-bayang peran perempuan yang sebatas mengurusi urusan domestik rumah tangga saja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 627,
"width": 192,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Secara biologis, seorang perempuan memiliki peran reproduksi yang tidak dimiliki laki-laki. Peran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 516,
"top": 731,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "31",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "reproduksi yang dimiliki perempuan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 144,
"width": 192,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "yakni menstruasi, mengandung, melahirkan, dan menyusui (Darwin, 2005).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 227,
"width": 192,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sejak usia 16 tahun hingga sekitar 50 tahun, perempuan berada dalam masa usia aktif reproduksi. Kesehatan reproduksi pada tahap ini sangatlah penting karena berkaitan erat dengan tingkat fertilitas (Rahmawati,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 392,
"width": 192,
"height": 315,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2013). Setiap bulannya, ketika dalam masa usia aktif reproduksi, ketika tidak terjadi pembuahan maka perempuan akan mengalami sebuah siklus yang dinamakan menstruasi. Dalam siklus haidnya, tidak semua perempuan akan mengalami nyeri saat menstruasi berlangsung. Namun, memang terdapat perempuan yang mengalami nyeri hebat saat menstruasi hari pertama dan kedua, atau bahkan selama menstruasi itu berlangsung. Menstruasi yang tidak",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 116,
"width": 195,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "normal ini, Nyeri pada saat menstruasi ini disebut Dismenorea. Penyebabnya beragam, dari stress, berat badan, gangguan hormon, pemakaian alat kontrasepsi (Setyaningsih, 2008).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 254,
"width": 192,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Gangguan volume menstruasi, hipermenorea, dan nyeri haid atau dismenorea memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan gangguan kerja (Nuranna, 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 392,
"width": 192,
"height": 315,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pembahasan tentang menstruasi masih dianggap tabu. Di kalangan perempuan sendiri, masih terdapat rasa canggung untuk mengatakan kata “menstruasi” secara terbuka. Sangat minim diskusi yang membicarakan tentang gangguan menstruasi atau penyakit organ reproduksi di kehidupan sehari-hari. Akan tetapi, sadar atau tidak permasalahan menstruasi sudah menjadi kajian politik dan sudah terwadahi oleh negara. Memang, masih",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 516,
"top": 731,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "32",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 192,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "banyak perusahaan ataupun pekerja perempuan yang belum mengetahui akan aturan tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 199,
"width": 192,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan, negara menjamin perlindungan kesehatan reproduksi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 310,
"width": 192,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "pekerja perempuan. Melalui Pasal 81 ayat (1) dan (2), serta pasal 93 ayat (2) huruf b tertuang pengaturan tentang Cuti Haid. Bagi pekerja yang merasakan sakit saat menstruasi, tidak diwajibkan untuk bekerja pada hari pertama dan kedua, dengan memberitahukan kepada perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 530,
"width": 192,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Selain itu, bagi pekerja yang mempergunakan Cuti Haid, harus tetap diberikan upah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 613,
"width": 192,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Meskipun pengaturan Cuti Haid sudah ada bahkan sejak Undang- Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1951, akan tetapi penerapan Cuti Haid masih",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 116,
"width": 192,
"height": 343,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "menjadi pro dan kontra. Pekerja perempuan sering mengalami diskriminasi dalam hal penggajian, kurang terlindungi dari pelecehan dan kekerasan seksual, serta kurang mendapatkan hak-hak yang menyangkut kesehatan reproduksi di tempat kerja (Darwin, 2005). Di sisi lain bahkan bagi pekerja yang memang membutuhkan dan mengajukan untuk mengambil hak tersebut, mereka akan dianggap sebagai faktor penghambat produksi ( Pusat Analisis dan Evaluasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 475,
"width": 36,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hukum",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 415,
"top": 475,
"width": 42,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Nasional",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 475,
"width": 32,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "BPHN",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 500,
"width": 127,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "KEMENHUMHAM, 2008).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 526,
"width": 192,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kota Cimahi sebagai salah satu kota yang memiliki kawasan industri di Jawa Barat, menyerap banyak pekerja khususnya pekerja wanita. Di Kota Cimahi sebanyak 100.161 pekerja perempuan dari 273.955 penduduk yang bekerja (BPS Kota Cimahi, 2019).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 516,
"top": 731,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "33",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 192,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Bonus demografi pun menjadikan angkatan kerja di Kota Cimahi melimpah, hal ini menjadikan persaingan di pasar tenaga kerja semakin ketat. Serapan tenaga kerja tersebar di berbagai sektor, di antaranya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 282,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "sektor industri sekitar 32.48%,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 310,
"width": 192,
"height": 231,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Perdagangan, Hotel, dan Restoran (26.17%), jasa-jasa (20.89%), lainnya (19.05%), dan pertanian (1.42%). Besarnya serapan tenaga kerja terutama di sektor industri yang mayoritas diisi oleh perempuan (Industri Tekstil dan Garment) tentu diperlukan upaya agar hak-haknya dapat terjamin dengan baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 558,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Negara sudah diamanahkan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 586,
"width": 192,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "untuk melindungi hak-hak warga negaranya. Sebagaimana yang tertuang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 641,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "dalam The Convention on The",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 668,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Elimination of Discrimination Againts",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 696,
"width": 189,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Woman/CEDAW melalui Undang-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 116,
"width": 192,
"height": 563,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1984, perlindungan fungsi reproduksi adalah hak perempuan, dan itu bukanlah diskriminasi. Keterlibatan negara di antara kepentingan buruh dan perusahaan tentu menjadi barang wajib. Negara akan menjadi “wasit” di tengah kepentingan perusahaan dan pekerja. Dengan bonus demografi yang tinggi, terdapat perspektif adanya cuti haid dapat menghambat produksi, dan juga pemerintah yang ingin ramah terhadap investasi, menjadikan buruh yang mengalami nyeri haid untuk memperjuangkan hak Cuti Haidnya, memiliki posisi tawar yang rendah. Negara harus adil dan hadir untuk menjamin hak dan kewajiban bagi pekerja dan perusahaan dapat terpenuhi sesuai dengan porsi nya yang berkeadilan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 516,
"top": 731,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "34",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 193,
"height": 481,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian Kualitatif. Metode ini berpandangan suatu realitas atau objek penelitian adalah sebagai sesuatu yang dinamis, sebuah hasil konstruksi pemikiran dan interpretasi terhadap gejala yang diamati, serta utuh sebagai satu kesatuan tidak dapat dipisahkan. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kasus. Studi kasus terjadi ketika peneliti melakukan eksplorasi terhadap entitas atau fenomena tunggal ( the case ) yang dibatasi oleh waktu, aktivitas, dan pengumpulan detail informasi dengan menggunakan berbagai prosedur pengumpulan data selama waktu tersebut (Cresswel,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 613,
"width": 49,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1994:11).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 641,
"width": 192,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Selain itu penelitian ini juga menggunakan pendekatan Institusional Baru. Dalam pendekatan Institusional",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 116,
"width": 192,
"height": 315,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Baru, akan melihat bagaimana organisasi intitusi itu bekerja, bagaimana institusi tersebut menjalankan fungsi dan perannya, serta melihat bagaimana peran institusi tersebut berinteraksi (Budiardjo, 2008). Penelitian ini akan menitikberatkan pada peranan dan juga keterlibatan dari institusi negara dalam menjalankan fungsinya guna mengakui, melindungi, dan menegakan hak dan kewajiban warga negaranya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 461,
"width": 68,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 489,
"width": 192,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Gambaran Umum Ketenagakerjaan di Kota Cimahi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 544,
"width": 192,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sebagai salah satu daerah penyangga Kota Bandung (Ibu Kota Provinsi Jawa Barat), Kota Cimahi menjadi salah satu daerah yang dilirik oleh pengusaha untuk mendirikan usahanya. Terdapat 677 Perusahaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 516,
"top": 731,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "35",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 192,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "yang mendirikan usahanya di Kota Cimahi dengan serapan tenaga kerja",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 172,
"width": 192,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "sebesar 60.176 pekerja (UPTD Pengawas Ketenagakerjaan Wilayah IV",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 227,
"width": 192,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Bandung, 2020). Sebanyak 60.099 pekerja WNI yang diantaranya terdiri dari 30.674 pekerja pria dan 29.425",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 310,
"width": 192,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "pekerja perempuan. Terdapat 77 pekerja WNA, yang diantaranya 53",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 365,
"width": 192,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "pekerja pria dan 24 pekerja perempuan. Selain itu terdapat 6 Serikat Pekerja yang terdaftar di Dinas Tenaga Kerja Kota Cimahi, diantaranya adalah Federasi Serikat Pekerja Metal Indonesia (FSPMI); Serikat Pekerja Nasional (SPN); Serikat Buruh",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 558,
"width": 192,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sejahtera Indonesia 1992 (SBSI’92); Konfederasi Serikat Pekerja Seluruh Indonesia (KSPI); Kongres Aliansi Serikat Buruh Indonesia (KASBI); dan Gabungan Organisasi Buruh Seluruh Indonesia (GOBSI).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 116,
"width": 192,
"height": 205,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dari 677 perusahaan dan 60.176 pekerja, tidak semuanya memiliki dan tergabung dalam serikat pekerja. Pekerja-pekerja yang tidak tergabung atau diperusahaannya tidak memiliki serikat pekerja lebih rentan tidak terpenuhi hak-hak dasar pekerja, seperti hak Cuti Haid pada pekerja perempuan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 337,
"width": 192,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pengawasan Ketenagakerjaan di Kota Cimahi dilakukan oleh Unit Pelayanan Teknis Terpadu (UPTD) Pengawas Ketenagakerjaan Wilayah IV Bandung. Hal ini akibat dari ditetapkannya Undang-Undang Nomor",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 503,
"width": 192,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tahun 2014, penyelenggaraan Pengawasan Ketenagakerjaan yang semula menjadi kewenangan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 586,
"width": 192,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "pemerintahan Kabupaten/Kota, kini berpindah menjadi kewenangan pemerintah Provinsi. Di Jawa Barat, khususnya Kota Cimahi, transisi tersebut terjadi pada tahun 2017.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 516,
"top": 731,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "36",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 192,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pengawasan Ketenagakerjaan adalah sebuah kegiatan yang bertujuan untuk memastikan pelaksanaan norma ketenagakerjaan di lingkungan perusahaan atau tempat kerja.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 254,
"width": 192,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pengawasan ketenagakerjaan pula berfungsi sebagai alat negara yang menjamin penegakan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 310,
"width": 192,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "hukum ketenagakerjaan. Akan tetapi ratio petugas Pengawas Ketenagakerjaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 392,
"width": 192,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "dengan perusahaan yang diawasi tidaklah seimbang. Petugas Pengawas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 448,
"width": 192,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Ketenagakerjaan UPTD Pengawas Ketenagakerjaan Wilayah IV Bandung hanya berjumlah 41 petugas, mengawasi 5 Kabupaten/Kota yang diantaranya Kabupaten Bandung, Kota",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 586,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Bandung, Kabupaten Bandung Barat,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 417,
"height": 536,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kota Cimahi, dan Kabupaten Sumedang. Perlindungan Hukum Pekerja",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 144,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Perempuan untuk Mengakses Cuti",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 172,
"width": 25,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Haid",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 199,
"width": 192,
"height": 453,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Negara harus hadir sebagai pelaksana untuk menjamin sekaligus penegak segala hak dan kewajiban agar berjalan sesuai dengan porsi yang berkeadilan. Sejak dahulu, hubungan antara pekerja dan pemberi kerja selalu menjadi salah satu topik dalam relasi kuasa. Relasi antar kelas pekerja dan majikan akan selalu bermasalah, ketika posisi antar kedua belah pihak tidak seimbang. Tentu, pemilik usaha sekaligus penyedia lapangan kerja memiliki posisi tawar dan kuasa yang lebih besar daripada posisi pekerja. Pada hubungan ini, negara hadir sebagai wasit guna menjamin hak dan kewajiban baik pekerja maupun",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 668,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "pemilik usaha. “Hukum akan bertindak",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 694,
"width": 192,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "‘tidak sama’ kepada masing-masing",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 516,
"top": 731,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "37",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 192,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "pihak dengan maksud agar terjadi sesuatu keseimbangan yang sesuai. Hal ini dipandang sebagai jawaban yang tepat terhadap rasa keadilan umum (Hadiz, 2012).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 254,
"width": 192,
"height": 315,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Eksistensi keberadaan rahim sepatutnya tidak hanya diakui ketika tengah mengandung saja. Setiap bulannya, perempuan yang dalam masa reproduksi aktif akan mengalami sebuah siklus bulanan. Pengaturan Cuti Haid telah diakui baik melalui Undang- Undang hingga Peraturan Daerah. Kota Cimahi sendiri telah mengatur Cuti Haid pada Peraturan Daerah Kota Cimahi Nomor 8 Tahun 2015 Pasal 29 ayat (2) huruf a.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 586,
"width": 198,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Akan tetapi, bagi Pengawas Ketenagakerjaan, upaya lebih jauh untuk menegakan pengaturan Cuti Haid terhalang oleh tidak adanya pengaturan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 116,
"width": 192,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "sanksi apabila Cuti Haid ini tidak diterapkanan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 172,
"width": 192,
"height": 314,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Temuan lain, pengaturan Cuti Haid yang lebih lanjut diatur melalui Perjanjian Kerja, Peraturan Perusahaan, dan Perjanjian Kerja Bersama (Pasal 81 ayat (2), melalui temuan Pengawas Ketenagakerjaan, banyak Peraturan Perusahaan (PP) yang isinya hanya menjiplak subtansi Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan. Padahal PP bertindak sebagai pengaturan teknis pelaksanaan amanah dari Undang-Undang itu sendiri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 503,
"width": 192,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dinas Tenaga Kerja Kota Cimahi pun mengakui temuan tersebut. Akan tetapi, tidak ada tindak lanjut dari Dinas Tenaga Kerja Kota Cimahi sebagai SKPD bidang Ketenagakerjaan di lingkungan Pemerintah Daerah Kota Cimahi. Padahal, Dinas Tenaga Kerja adalah instansi yang bertugas untuk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 516,
"top": 731,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "38",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 192,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "mengesahkan sebuah PP. Tidak adanya pembinaan ini menjadi salah satu akar permasalahan mengapa teknis penerapan Cuti Haid di lingkungan kerja Kota Cimahi masih diwarnai tindakan diskriminatif dan kekerasan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 296,
"width": 66,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pengawasan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 213,
"top": 296,
"width": 92,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Ketenagakerjaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 323,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "terkait Penerapan Cuti Haid di Kota",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 351,
"width": 38,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Cimahi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 379,
"width": 192,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Adanya ketimpangan kedudukan posisi pekerja dan pemberi kerja mengharuskan negara aktif melakukan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 461,
"width": 128,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "perlindungan hukum",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 266,
"top": 461,
"width": 39,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "melalui",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 489,
"width": 189,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "mekanisme peraturan perundang- undangan dan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 244,
"top": 517,
"width": 62,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "pengawasan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 544,
"width": 76,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "penerapannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 572,
"width": 192,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hak pekerja dengan kondisi kerja yang layak merupakan hak asasi manusia yang mendasar. Sehebat apapun sebuah peraturan perundang- undangan, hanya akan menjadi barisan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 116,
"width": 192,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "kata-kata mati bila tidak ada sistem pengawasan untuk menegakannya. Fungsi pengawasan ini diperlukan untuk memenuhi dan menjamin hak pekerja dan juga perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 254,
"width": 192,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Setiap petugas Pengawasan Ketenagakerjaan setiap bulannya diwajibkan melalukan pemeriksaan rutin minimal 5 perusahaan. Pengawasan ketenagakerjaan ini sebagai upaya agar norma",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 420,
"width": 198,
"height": 259,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "ketenagakerjaan dapat berjalan dengan baik, salah satunya dengan diterapkan sebuah cuti bagi pekerja. Tidak adanya tindak lanjut sebagai aksi preventif edukatif didasari tidak adanya aduan terkait Cuti Haid. Padahal, berkali-kali terjadi aksi tindakan diskriminatif dan kekerasan pada saat seorang pekerja perempuan hendak mengakses Cuti Haid seperti yang terjadi pada anggota",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 516,
"top": 731,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "39",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 192,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "serikat pekerja SPN, KSPSI, dan KASBI Kota Cimahi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 172,
"width": 192,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pengawas Ketenagakerjaan menyatakan temuannya dalam lapangan, memang masih terdapat",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 254,
"width": 192,
"height": 232,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "ketidaktahuan pekerja perempuan akan hak-hak dasarnya sebagai pekerja. Hal ini seharusnya menjadi objek pembinaan dalam upaya preventif edukatif pemerintah agar norma kerja berjalan dengan optimal. Karena dalam pengawasan ketenagakerjaan, tidak hanya pemeriksaan saja, tetapi terdapat kegiatan Pembinaan Ketenagakerjaan,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 503,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pemeriksaan Ketenagakerjaan,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 530,
"width": 192,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pengujian Ketenagakerjaan, hingga Penyelidikan Ketenagakerjaan. Akan tetapi, dengan tidak adanya sanksi (kecuali jika upah tidak dibayar) dan juga aduan, menjadi jalan pendek penerapan Cuti Haid dam dikembalikan lagi pada pekerja yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 116,
"width": 192,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "membutuhkannya. Tidak ada upaya lebih agar hak-hak dasar pekerja ini dapat berjalan dengan baik guna menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang kondusif",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 268,
"width": 192,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Faktor Penghambat Penerapan Cuti Haid di Kota Cimahi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 323,
"width": 192,
"height": 260,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Ketidaksesuaian antara data yang dimiliki pemerintah dan juga serikat tentu menjadi jurang pemisah. Tidak ada koordinasi dan juga pembinaan lanjutan agar penerapan hak-hak dasar pekerja khususnya Cuti Haid berjalan dengan baik. Ketidakpercayaan pada pemerintah pun menjadi sebuah catatan ketika tidak adanya aduan terkait Cuti Haid.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 599,
"width": 192,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Selama ini sudah menjadi rahasia umum Cuti Haid seringkali hanya ada pada aturan kertas. Tidak hanya karena minimnya kesadaran dari sisi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 516,
"top": 731,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "40",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 192,
"height": 232,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "pengakses, tapi dari sisi perusahaan, serikat pekerja, hingga pemerintah masih menganggap isu Cuti Haid bukanlah masalah yang krusial untuk diperhatian. Subordinasi kepentingan Cuti Haid ini terjadi pada di semua elemen yang terlibat. Isu kesejahteraan kondisi pekerja tidak menjadi prioritas dibandingkan dengan besaran upah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 365,
"width": 192,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tidaklah mengherankan, jika narasi pekerja yang mengakses Cuti",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 420,
"width": 192,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Haid bagi pihak perusahaan dinilai sebagai penghambat produksi. Terdapat opsi lain agar pekerja tidak mempergunakan Cuti Haidnya,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 530,
"width": 192,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "diantaranya dengan pemberian premi bulanan (jika masuk penuh) dan upah harian yang dikali dua. Hal tersebut umum dilakukan pada perusahaan yang mengoperasikan mesin 24 jam penuh, seperti di industri Tekstil. Dominasi kuasa perusahaan sebagai penyedia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 116,
"width": 192,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "kerja, pemberi upah, menjadikan pekerja tunduk pada aturan main perusahaan. Keberlangsungan pekerja menjadi taruhan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 227,
"width": 192,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Di sisi lain, stereotip dan diskriminasi/kekerasan pada pengakses Cuti Haid yang berkembang bahkan ada di kalangan pekerja itu sendiri. Adanya penyalahgunaan pengambilan Cuti Haid pada pekerja yang ternyata",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 392,
"width": 192,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "tidak haid, menimbulkan ketidakpercayaan pada perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 448,
"width": 192,
"height": 259,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tindakan pengecekan secara langsung pada area privat beberapa kali terjadi. Dari semua informan Serikat Pekerja, sama-sama menyatakan memang pernah terjadi aksi membuka celana. Akan tetapi, bagaimanapun juga, hal tersebut tidaklah menjadi hal yang rasional. Ketentuan pekerja yang dapat mengakses Cuti Haid adalah pekerja yang merasakan sakit saat nyeri",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 516,
"top": 731,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "41",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 192,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "haid. Dengan dibukanya celana/area privat pekerja tersebut, tidaklah dapat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 172,
"width": 192,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "membuktikan pekerja tersebut merasakan sakit atau tidak. Teknis penerapan yang seperti adalah akibat dari pembinaan pembuatan PP yang tidak berjalan dengan optimal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 310,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Ketidakberdayaan pekerja",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 337,
"width": 192,
"height": 232,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "perempuan untuk mengakses hak dasarnya sendiri menjadi sebuah catatan bagaimana perempuan tidak memiliki posisi tawar dan tidak berdaya jika dihadapkan oleh penyedia kerja. Rekam jejak seperti ini memang tidak sebanyak permasalahan akibat pelanggaran kontrak atau upah, namun pemerintah tidak bisa menutup mata",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 586,
"width": 192,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "bahwa masih terdapat bentuk diskriminasi dan pelecehan yang terjadi pada saat mengakses Cuti Haid.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 668,
"width": 192,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kasuistis yang dilakukan baik oleh Dinas Tenaga Kerja maupun Pengawas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 116,
"width": 192,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Ketenagakerjaan menjadi bukti tidak adanya upaya perlindungan dalam pemenuhan dan penerapan Cuti Haid.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 199,
"width": 192,
"height": 342,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Selain itu, dari pihak pemerintah, baik dari pihak UPTD Pengawas Ketenagakerjaan maupun Dinas Tenaga Kerja Kota Cimahi tidak menempatkan isu Cuti Haid sebagai suatu isu ketenagakerjaan yang krusial. Tidak adanya aduan menjadikan asumsi bahwa penerapan Cuti Haid sudah berjalan dengan baik. Padahal tindakan baik dari UPTD Pengawas Ketenagakerjaan Wilayah IV Bandung dan juga Dinas Tenaga Kerja Kota Cimahi sama-sama bersifat kasusistis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 572,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Faktor Pendukung Penerapan Cuti",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 599,
"width": 108,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Haid di Kota Cimahi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 627,
"width": 192,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Di samping masih ada ketersulitan akses Cuti Haid, terutama pada perusahaan yang tidak memiliki",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 516,
"top": 731,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "42",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 192,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Serikat Pekerja, masih ada perusahaan yang memberikan Cuti Haid bagi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 172,
"width": 91,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "pekerja yang",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 231,
"top": 172,
"width": 75,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "membutuhkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 199,
"width": 192,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Contohnya yang dilakukan di PT. Sanlit Inti Plastik dan PT. Kahatex. Kesadaran akan hak dasar pekerja oleh pekerja, serikat pekerja, dan juga perusahaan menjadi landasan mengapa Cuti Haid ini dapat diterapkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 365,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Keterlibatan dari serikat pekerja",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 392,
"width": 131,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "pun menjadi peran",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 263,
"top": 392,
"width": 42,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "penting.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 420,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sebelumnya perusahaan-perusahaan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 448,
"width": 192,
"height": 259,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "tersebut tidak mengakomodir urusan Cuti Haid, akan tetapi dengan advokasi, akhirnya perusahaan-perusahaan ini mengakomodir Cuti Haid. PT. Sanlit Inti Plastik menerapkan Cuti Haid dengan melampiran surat keterangan dokter. Sedikit berbeda dengan PT. Kahatex, masa berlaku satu surat keterangan dokter hanya satu hari. Jika ingin mempergunakan jatah 2 hari cuti,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 116,
"width": 192,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "maka diharuskan melampiran 2x surat dokter.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 172,
"width": 192,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Secara administrasi, surat keterangan dokter dijadikan dasar dan bukti agar pekerja tersebut tetap diberikan upah, namun seringkali skema seperti ini pula menjadi salah satu alasan pekerja malas dan tidak sanggup untuk mengurus penggunaan Cuti Haid ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 392,
"width": 65,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 420,
"width": 192,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Negara telah mengakui dan melegitimasi hak dasar pekerja perempuan dalam melindungi kesehatan reproduksi terkait",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 530,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "menstruasi. Pengaturan tentang Cuti",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 558,
"width": 192,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Haid, sudah tertuang melalui peraturan perundang-undangan tentang keternagakerjaan. Akan tetapi, negara melalui UPTD Pengawas",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 668,
"width": 192,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Ketenagakerjaan, tidak berkuasa untuk mengintervensi menyeluruh, sebab ada",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 516,
"top": 731,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "43",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 192,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "kapasitas perusahaan yang memegang keberlangsungan kerja pekerja. Selain itu, Dinas Tenaga Kerja Kota Cimahi pun abai, karena menganggap isu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 227,
"width": 192,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "pemenuhan Cuti Haid bukanlah masalah krusial. Penyimpangan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 282,
"width": 192,
"height": 342,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "penerapan Cuti Haid hingga kini terus terjadi, tidak adanya pembinaan dan sosialisasi; tidak adanya keterikatan dan saling koordinasi antar elemen baik antara instansi pemerintahan dan dengan juga serikat pekerja; stereotip pengakses Cuti Haid; subordinasi isu Cuti Haid baik di kalangan pekerja, serikat pekerja, dan juga pemerintahan; hingga kekerasan dan diskriminasi menjadi catatan hitam yang tidak terekam akibat kasuistis sebuah penegakan hak dasar pekerja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 116,
"width": 81,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Daftar Pustaka",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 144,
"width": 192,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Adisu. E. dan Jehani. L. (2006). Hak- Hak Pekerja Perempuan. Jakarta: VisiMedia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 214,
"width": 192,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Abidin, Y. et al. (2016). Kemampuan Menulis Berbicara Akademik. Bandung: Penerbit Rizqi Press Budiardjo, Miriam. (2008). Dasar- Dasar Ilmu Politik. Jakarta:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 326,
"width": 192,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Gramedia Pustaka Utama Bungin, Burhan. (2015). Analisis Data Penelitian Kualitatif: Pemahaman Filosofis dan Metodologis ke Arah Penguasaan Model Aplikasi. Jakarta: Penerbit RajaGrafindo Persada",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 507,
"width": 47,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Burbank.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 367,
"top": 507,
"width": 163,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "F. (2009). Fibroids, Menstruation, Childbirth, and Evolution: The Fascinating Story of Uterine Blood Vessels.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 367,
"top": 590,
"width": 155,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tuscon: Wheatmark Publishing",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 619,
"width": 192,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Cholisin dan Nasiwan. (2012). Dasar- Dasar Ilmu Politik. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Ombak",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 516,
"top": 731,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "44",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 193,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Darwin, M. M. (2005). Negara dan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 137,
"width": 163,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Perempuan: Reorientasi Kebijakan Publik . Yogyakarta:",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 178,
"width": 163,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Penerbit Grha Guru dan Penerbit Media Wacana",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 228,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Evanty. N. dan Ghufron. N. (2014).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 249,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Paham Peraturan Daerah",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 269,
"width": 163,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "(Perda) Berprespektif HAM (Hak Asasi Manusia). Jakarta: Penerbit",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 311,
"width": 109,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "RajaGrafindo Persada",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 339,
"width": 192,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Fajar. N. D. M. (2010). Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan di Indonesia: Studi tentang Penerapan Ketentuan CSR pada Perusahaan Multinasional,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 443,
"width": 163,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Swasta Nasional, dan BUMN di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Pustaka",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 484,
"width": 36,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pelajar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 513,
"width": 193,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Fakih, Mansour. (2013). Analisis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 534,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Gender dan Transformasi Sosial.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 554,
"width": 139,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 583,
"width": 193,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hadiz, V. R. et al. (2012). Memetakan Gerakan Buruh: Antologi Tulisan Perburuhan Mengenang Fauzi Abdullah. Depok: Penerbit Kepik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 674,
"width": 192,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Ida Bagus Gde Manuaba. (1998). Ilmu Kebidanan, Penyakit",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 367,
"top": 116,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kandungan, dan Keluarga",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 367,
"top": 137,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berencana untuk Pendidikan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 367,
"top": 158,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Bidan . Jakarta: Penerbit Buku",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 367,
"top": 178,
"width": 86,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kedokteran EGC",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 207,
"width": 132,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Illich, Ivan. (2007).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 488,
"top": 207,
"width": 42,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Gender.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 228,
"width": 192,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar Johan. T. S. B. (2018). Perkembangan Ilmu Negara dalam Peradaban Globalisasi Dunia. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Deepublish",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 347,
"width": 192,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Soetjipto, Ani W. (2015). HAM dan Politik Internasional: Sebuah Pengantar. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 438,
"width": 192,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sugiono. (2019) Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung, Alfabeta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 508,
"width": 192,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Suryono, H. (2014). Ilmu Negara. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Ombak",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 558,
"width": 192,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Repubik Indonesia Tahun 1945",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 607,
"width": 192,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1951 tentang Pernyataan Berlakunya Undang-Undang Kerja Tahun 1948 Nomor 12",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 516,
"top": 731,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "45",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 192,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 166,
"width": 192,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 215,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 236,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Republik Indonesia Nomor 28",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 257,
"width": 193,
"height": 428,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tahun 2014 tentang Tata Cara Pembuatan dan Pengesahan Peraturan Perusahaan serta Pembuatan dan Pendaftaran Perjanjian Kerja Bersama Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 33 Tahun 2016 tentang Tata Cara Pengawasan Ketenagakerjaan Peraturan Daerah Kota Cimahi Nomor 8 Tahun 2015 tentang Penyelenggaraan Ketenagakerjaan di Kota Cimahi Manik, Ernita. (2013). Implementasi Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan (Kasus Perlindungan Hak Pekerja/Buruh Perempuan pada Sektor Garmen di Kota",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 695,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Semarang). Journal of Politic",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 367,
"top": 116,
"width": 160,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "and Government Studies. 2.1: 21- 31",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 166,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Nuranna, Laila. et al. (2018). The",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 186,
"width": 192,
"height": 164,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Association between Menstrual Disorder and Work Disturbance among Employees. Jurnal Obstetric Dan Ginekologi Indonesia, 2018, 6.1: 10-17 Rachmawati, A dan Dieny, FF. (2013). Hubungan Obesitas dengan Kejadian Gangguan Siklus",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 367,
"top": 360,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Menstruasi pada Wanita Dewasa",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 367,
"top": 381,
"width": 163,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Muda. Journal of Nutrition College , 2.1: 214-222",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 430,
"width": 192,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Suci Flambonita. (2017). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak Pekerja Perempuan di Bidang Ketenagakerjaan. Simbur Cahaya. 24.1: 4349-4424",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 542,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Setyaningsih, Y. et al. (2008).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 367,
"top": 562,
"width": 163,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hubungan Kontrasepsi Hormonal, Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Tentang Cuti Haid Dengan Praktik Cuti Haid Pada Pekerja Perempuan PT. Nyonya Meneer Semarang . Jurnal Promosi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 516,
"top": 731,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "46",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 193,
"height": 185,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kesehatan Indonesia, 3.2: 115- 119 Yarini,D. S. (2014). Peran Negara dalam Upaya Mengatasi Tindak Kekerasan Terhadap Anak . Skripsi Ilmu Politik FISIP UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. [Online] Tersedia: http://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspa",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 311,
"width": 113,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "ce/bitstream/12345678",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 331,
"width": 192,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "9/27426/1/DHINI%20SESI%20 YARRINI-FISIP.pdf Pusat Analisis dan Evaluasi Hukum Nasional Badan Pembinaan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 422,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hukum Nasional Kementerian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 367,
"top": 116,
"width": 163,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hukum dan HAM. (2018). Laporan Akhir Kelompok Kerja Analisis dan Evaluasi Hukum terkait Peraturan Perundang- Undangan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 367,
"top": 199,
"width": 163,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Ketenagakerjaan. Jakarta: Pusat Analisis dan Evaluasi Hukum BPHN",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 367,
"top": 261,
"width": 102,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "KEMENKUMHAM",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 290,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Cimahi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 367,
"top": 318,
"width": 163,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "(2019). Statistik Daerah Kota Cimahi Tahun 2019. Cimahi:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 367,
"top": 373,
"width": 163,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Cimahi",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
d60bdeeb-2ddb-3ee0-9136-3c2482a68e45 | https://jurnal.uinsu.ac.id/index.php/jipi/article/download/551/452 | [
{
"left": 166,
"top": 36,
"width": 266,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan Berbasis WEB",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 785,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "171",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 75,
"width": 425,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan Berbasis WEB di SDN Watukosek",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 243,
"top": 89,
"width": 113,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kabupaten Pasuruan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 223,
"top": 114,
"width": 151,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bachrul Ilmi [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 258,
"top": 141,
"width": 81,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kusubakti Andajani [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 260,
"top": 167,
"width": 80,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Moh. Safii [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 200,
"width": 38,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 213,
"width": 397,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web, dan menghasilkan panduan operasional sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web. Produk sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web yang telah dikembangkan kemudian divalidasi oleh ahli teknologi informasi bidang web, praktisi (guru), dan praktisi (pustakawan). Produk yang telah divalidasi selanjutnya di uji cobakan pada siswa kelas 5 SDN Watukosek yang berjumlah 36 anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penilaian dari ahli teknologi informasi bidang web, praktisi guru, dan praktisi pustakawan memberikan kriteria “Sangat Valid”, sedangkan hasil uji coba lapangan terhadap siswa memberikan kriteria “Sangat Baik”, sehingga sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web layak digunakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 102,
"top": 317,
"width": 394,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci : teknologi informasi perpustakaan, web, perpustakaan sekolah, pusat sumber belajar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 279,
"top": 341,
"width": 40,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 354,
"width": 397,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The purpose of this study is to produce a web-based library information system, and produce operational guide of web-based library information system. Product web-based library information system which has been developed then validated by experts of information technology in web fields, practitioner (teacher) and practitioner (librarian). Products which have been validated next tested on 5th grade students of SDN Watukosek of the 36 children. Research results show the expert assessment of the information technology in web fields, practitioner teacher, librarian and practitioner gives criteria \"Very Valid\", while the results of field trials to the gives students the criteria of \"Very Good\", so that the web-based library information system fit for use.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 457,
"width": 360,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords : library information technology, web, school library, learning resource center.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 482,
"width": 83,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Latar Belakang",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 497,
"width": 454,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perpustakaan sekolah merupakan sarana di dalam instansi sekolah sebagai penunjang terlaksananya tujuan pendidikan. Perpustakaan sekolah berfungsi menghimpun, mengolah, dan menyalurkan bahan ajar untuk kegiatan belajar di sekolah. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan perpustakaan sekolah untuk mendukung kegiatan pembelajaran yaitu melalui penyediaan bahan ajar yang menarik dan relevan kepada siswa. 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 601,
"width": 455,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Montiel-Overall, dkk (2013:48-49) perpustakaan yang profesional adalah perpustakaan yang aktif membantu mengubah presepsi pendidik dengan cara meningkatkan literasi informasi dan menanamkan konsep teacher librarian collaboration sebagai strategi meningkatkan prestasi siswa. Terlaksananya konsep tersebut memerlukan beberapa komponen utama, yaitu dukungan teknologi informasi yang memadai, serta kerja sama antara",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 712,
"width": 439,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Bachrul Ilmi adalah mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Malang (UM), Malang. Artikel ini diangkat dari skripsi Sarjana Ilmu Perpustakaan, Program Sarjana Universitas Negeri Malang, 2016.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 735,
"width": 417,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 Kusubakti Andajani adalah dosen Program Studi Ilmu Perpustakaan Universitas Negeri Malang (UM)",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 747,
"width": 379,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3 Moh. Safii adalah dosen Program Studi Ilmu Perpustakaan Universitas Negeri Malang (UM)",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 36,
"width": 266,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan Berbasis WEB",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 785,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "172",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 454,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pustakawan dengan guru dalam meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran dan mencapai suatu tujuan pendidikan bersama yang relevan dengan kurikulum. Perlunya kerja sama antara guru dengan pustakawan sejalan dengan pernyataan Darmono (2013:127-128) bahwa kerja sama pustakawan dengan guru sangat dibutuhkan untuk mewujudkan manifesto IFLA/ UNESCO tentang perpustakaan sekolah dimana peran pustakawan lebih dari sebagai pengajar, melainkan sebagai fasilitator yang menyiapkan sumber belajar untuk guru dan siswa dalam mendukung proses pembelajaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 220,
"width": 454,
"height": 300,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan UU RI No. 43 Tahun 2007 pasal 23 ayat 5 yang menyatakan bahwa perpustakaan sekolah/ madrasah mengembangkan layanan berbasis teknologi informasi agar dapat bersaing dengan perpustakaan di negara-negara lain. Berawal dari pernyataan undang- undang tersebut, maka perpustakaan sekolah diharuskan untuk mengembangkan teknologi informasi sebagai upaya mencapai tujuan pembelajaran, dengan dikembangkannya web untuk perpustakaan sekolah. Salah satu perpustakaan sekolah yang telah menerapkan teknologi informasi perpustakaan dalam penyelenggaraannya adalah Perpustakaan SDN Watukosek Kabupaten Pasuruan. Bentuk penerapan teknologi informasi pada perpustakaan tersebut adalah (1) telah menggunakan sistem otomasi SLiMS; dan (2) memiliki jumlah perangkat komputer yang memadai untuk siswa didalamnya. Adanya penerapan teknologi informasi yang sudah diterapkan di Perpustakaan SDN Watukosek Kabupaten Pasuruan dapat dikembangkan menjadi sebuah web perpustakaan. Sehingga, tujuan penelitian dan pengembangan ini yitu (1) menghasilkan aplikasi sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web di perpustakaan sekolah dan (2) menghasilkan panduan operasional aplikasi sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web di perpustakaan sekolah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 542,
"width": 42,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 558,
"width": 455,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan ADDIE. Model ADDIE adalah desain model yang berbentuk siklus sistematis dan terdiri dari 5 tahapan. Adapun tahapan ADDIE adalah (1) analyze (analisis), (2) design (perancangan), (3) development (pengembangan), (4) implement (implementasi), dan (5) evaluate (evaluasi).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 641,
"width": 454,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji coba produk pengembangan dilakukan kepada validator bidang web, praktisi (pustakawan), praktisi (guru), dan siswa. Setelah diujikan, lalu dilakukan revisi. Lokasi uji produk dengan validator bidang web adalah di gedung H5 Universitas Negeri Malang, pada tanggal 22 April 2016. Penelitian uji coba lapangan pada praktisi (pustakawan), praktisi (guru), dan siswa dilakukan di ruang perpustakaan SDN Watukosek, pada tanggal 24 April 2016.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 36,
"width": 266,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan Berbasis WEB",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 785,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "173",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 455,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jenis data yang diperoleh dari hasil validasi dan uji coba berupa data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data kuantitatif berupa perhitungan rata-rata dan persentase yang diperoleh dari penskoran angket, sedangkan data kualitatif berupa komentar, saran, dan kritik dari validator bidang web, praktisi (pustakawan), dan praktisi (guru). Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga instrumen yaitu panduan observasi, panduan wawancara, dan lembar angket. Panduan observasi digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data terkait keterpakaian perpustakaan sebagai sumber belajar. Panduan wawancara digunakan untuk mengetahui kebutuhan guru dan pustakawan terhadap sistem informasi perpustakaan yang dikembangkan. Instrumen penelitian yang ketiga adalah angket. Angket berisi pertanyaan tertutup tentang aspek-aspek kebutuhan siswa dan kelayakan produk sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 282,
"width": 454,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan (1) mentraskrip data dari hasil wawancara langsung dengan pustakawan dan guru; (2) mengumpulkan data tertulis yang diperoleh dari angket; (3) menganalisa data dan merumuskan simpulan hasil analisis sebagai dasar untuk melakukan tindakan terhadap produk sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 385,
"width": 454,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji validasi produk sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web dibagi dua tahapan, yaitu uji validasi ahli dan uji validasi lapangan. Pada tahap uji validasi lapangan dibagi lagi menjadi uji praktisi dan uji coba lapangan. Uji validasi ahli dilakukan kepada ahli bidang web, sedangkan uji praktisi dilakukan kepada praktisi (pustakawan dan guru kelas 5 SDN Watukosek). Uji coba lapangan dilakukan pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2015/ 2016 kepada 36 siswa kelas 5 SDN Watukosek.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 522,
"width": 30,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 537,
"width": 455,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil observasi dan wawancara yang diperoleh dari pustakawan dan guru diketahui bahwa perpustakaan SDN Watukosek masih belum digunakan secara maksimal sebagai rujukan oleh siswa dan guru dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Penyampaian materi oleh guru masih berbasis buku teks, dan ceramah di dalam kelas, atau dapat dikatakan belum ada inovasi dalam menyampaikan materi dengan menarik yang membuat siswa mengalami kejenuhan dalam belajar. Data observasi lapangan, menunjukkan bahwa pada aspek teknologi informasi, perpustakaan SDN Watukosek memiliki jumlah komputer yang memadai untuk dilakukan penerapan. Selain itu, SDN Watukosek telah terotomasi menggunakan SLiMS versi meranti dan telah terhubung dengan jaringan lokal pada ruangan perpustakaan. Sedangkan hasil angket analisis kebutuhan yang diperoleh dari siswa, menunjukkan bahwa 83% siswa menyatakan mampu mencari informasi melalui google dan youtube , dan 85%",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 36,
"width": 266,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan Berbasis WEB",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 785,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "174",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 454,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "siswa menyatakan setuju terhadap pengembangan produk di perpustakaan. Berdasarkan data tersebut, maka peneliti mengembangkan produk sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web dengan membuat rancangan sistem, kemudian dilanjutkan tahapan pengembangan sistem sesuai rancangan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 158,
"width": 454,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebelum produk diujicobakan, produk divalidasi oleh ahli teknologi informasi bidang web dengan total skor 100%, atau termasuk dalam kriteria “Sangat Valid” dan dapat digunakan. Tahap selanjutnya yaitu uji coba lapangan, yang terdiri dari validasi praktisi (pustakawan dan guru) dan uji coba lapangan pada siswa. Hasil validasi praktisi mendapatkan total skor 96,4%, atau termasuk dalam kualifikasi “Sangat Valid”, sedangkan hasil uji coba lapangan pada siswa mendapatkan total skor 92,2%, atau termasuk dalam kualifikasi “Sangat Baik”. Berdasarkan uji validasi dan uji coba lapangan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa produk sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web yang telah dikembangkan telah layak untuk digunakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 356,
"width": 260,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil Uji Coba Produk Berdasarkan Aspek Teknis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 378,
"width": 454,
"height": 219,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahap uji coba aspek teknis dilakukan kepada validator ahli bidang web. Aspek teknis dilihat dari fungsi dan cara kerja sistem. Hasil uji coba berdasarkan aspek teknis pada validator ahli bidang web menunjukkan perolehan skor sebesar 100% atau termasuk dalam kriteria “Sangat Valid”. Selain skor penilaian, data lain yang didapat berupa komentar dan saran perbaikan. Komentar dan saran perbaikan yang diberikan oleh validator ahli bidang web disajikan sebagai berikut (1) mengubah format tanggal dengan format “tanggal-bulan- tahun”; (2) menambahkan comment pada tiap kode syntax php untuk pengembangan lebih lanjut; dan (3) memberikan kondisi ketika tidak ditemukan data pada hasil pencarian. Berdasarkan penilaian serta saran perbaikan dari validator, dapat disimpulkan bahwa produk dapat digunakan, dengan revisi menyesuaikan saran perbaikan yang diberikan oleh validator ahli bidang web.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 606,
"width": 454,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil penilaian uji coba lapangan terhadap produk berdasarkan aspek teknis yang diberikan oleh praktisi (pustakawan) diperoleh skor persentase sebesar 98,2% atau termasuk dalam kriteria “Sangat Valid”. Data lain yang diberikan adalah komentar dan saran perbaikan. Komentar yang diberikan adalah menampilkan pop-up ketika melakukan aksi lihat file berupa video. Hasil penilaian uji coba lapangan terhadap produk berdasarkan aspek teknis oleh praktisi (guru) diperoleh skor porsentase sebesar 100% atau termasuk dalam kriteria “Sangat Valid”. Komentar yang diberikan oleh praktisi (guru) adalah membatasi video yang tampil pada halaman utama berjumlah 12 video. Hasil uji coba lapangan dengan siswa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 36,
"width": 266,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan Berbasis WEB",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 785,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "175",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 454,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "terhadap produk berdasarkan aspek teknis, diperoleh skor porsentase sebesar 92,2%, atau termasuk kriteria “Sangat Valid”. Berdasarkan seluruh penilaian yang berikan oleh subjek uji coba, dapat disimpulkan bahwa produk dari aspek teknis secara keseluruhan tergolong sangat layak dan dapat digunakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 171,
"width": 258,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil Uji Coba Produk Berdasarkan Aspek Visual",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 185,
"width": 454,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahap uji coba aspek visual dilakukan kepada validator bidang web, praktisi (pustakawan), praktisi (guru), dan siswa. Aspek visual dilihat dari tampilan dan bahasa pada sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web. Hasil uji coba berdasarkan aspek visual menunjukkan persentase skor sebesar 94,9% atau termasuk dalam kriteria “Sangat Valid”, sehingga produk dapat digunakan tanpa revisi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 289,
"width": 454,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selain skor penilaian, data lain yang didapat berupa komentar dan saran perbaikan. Komentar dan saran perbaikan yang diberikan oleh subjek uji coba terkait aspek visual adalah mengganti background pada dashboard utama menjadi yang lebih cerah dan kontras agar tidak mengganggu tulisan lainnya. Berdasarkan seluruh penilaian yang berikan oleh subjek uji coba, dapat disimpulkan bahwa dari aspek visual secara keseluruhan produk tergolong sangat layak dan dapat digunakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 425,
"width": 68,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 445,
"width": 332,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Deskripsi Produk Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan Berbasis Web",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 460,
"width": 455,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Produk yang dikembangkan berupa sistem informasi berbasis web yang dapat diterapkan di komputer perpustakaan sekolah. Tujuan pengembangan sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web yaitu (1) menyediakan materi pelajaran yang menarik melalui berbagai jenis file , relevan dengan kurikulum; dan (2) mengintegrasikan antara materi guru dengan koleksi perpustakaan berupa data bibliografi dari sistem otomasi perpustakaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 564,
"width": 457,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cara kerja produk sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web yang dikembangkan yaitu (1) guru login dengan level guru, (2) guru melakukan entri materi bahan ajar ke sistem pada form isian entri materi yang terdiri dari entri data pokok, isi keterangan materi, dan unggah file penunjang materi, (3) pustakawan login dengan level admin, (4) pustakawan melakukan review terhadap materi, pada tahap ini pustakawan dapat melakukan edit data keterangan materi, menambah file materi guru, menambahkan kata kunci, menghubungkan materi dengan data bibliografi dan memberi notasi DDC untuk mempermudah penemuan kembali materi oleh siswa, (5) pustakawan melakukan perijinan bahwa materi beserta file materi didalamnya telah sesuai dan dapat diakses siswa, (6) siswa melakukan pencarian materi di sistem informasi perpustakaan, (7) dari hasil pencarian, siswa menemukan materi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 36,
"width": 266,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan Berbasis WEB",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 785,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "176",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 455,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dilengkapi dengan ringkasan materi yang telah diolah oleh pustakawan beserta file penunjang materi pelajaran. Jenis file materi bergantung pada pengunggah materi, dapat berupa dokumen, file video pembelajaran, atau jenis file lainnya. Pada deskripsi hasil pencarian juga terdapat cantuman daftar buku yang relevan dengan materi yang telah ditentukan pustakawan, (8) siswa dapat melihat video pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan materi, dan (9) siswa dapat mengunduh materi berupa dokumen, video, dan soal evaluasi sehingga dapat dipelajari dirumah secara mandiri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 220,
"width": 455,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Darmono (2013:197) mengemukakan bahwa pustakawan harus bekerja sama dengan guru kelas untuk menciptakan siswa yang mandiri, dapat mencari sumber belajar untuk mendukung kegiatan belajarnya dengan memanfaatkan teknologi informasi. Melalui cara kerja produk sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web yang dikembangkan, siswa dapat melakukan pengembangan pengetahuan secara mandiri melalui eksplorasi berbagai materi yang diunggah guru dan telah melalui proses pengolahan oleh pustakawan dalam sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web dengan kualitas materi yang tetap terjaga.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 365,
"width": 454,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengembangan sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web dapat menunjang kegiatan belajar siswa melalui materi yang tersedia pada produk yang dikembangkan, sehingga dengan demikian fungsi perpustakaan sebagai pusat sumber belajar akan dapat terwujud secara maksimal melalui pemanfaatan teknologi, media, dan sumber daya materi. Hal ini sesuai dengan pendapat Prastowo (2013:19) yang mengemukakan bahwa perpustakaan sekolah merupakan pusat sumber belajar yang harus dapat memaksimalkan penggunaan sumber belajar disekitarnya. Ditambahkan dengan pendapat Indriyati (2009:5) yang mengemukakan bahwa peran pusat sumber belajar adalah mendorong efektifitas serta optimalisasi proses pembelajaran melalui penyelenggaraan berbagai fungsi layanan (seperti layanan media, pelatihan, konsultasi pembelajaran, dan lain-lain), fungsi pengembangan (produksi) media pembelajaran, fungsi penelitian dan pengembangan, serta fungsi lain yang relevan untuk peningkatan efektifitas dan efisiensi pembelajaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 613,
"width": 455,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mengacu pada cara kerja sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web, diperlukan kerja sama antara pustakawan dan guru dalam menyajikan materi yang berkualitas dan relevan dengan kurikulum. Guru berperan sebagai penyedia materi yang mengunggah data materi beserta file pendukungnya pada sistem, sedangkan pustakawan pada sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web berperan melakukan seleksi pada materi yang telah diunggah guru, mengolah data materi guru yang diunggah guru, menambah file pendukung materi, dan mengijinkan materi serta file materi yang dientri guru hingga materi beserta file pendukung materi dan data buku dapat diakses oleh siswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 36,
"width": 266,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan Berbasis WEB",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 785,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "177",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 336,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan Berbasis Web dari Aspek Teknis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 97,
"width": 455,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mengacu pada hasil uji coba produk berdasarkan aspek teknis, secara keseluruhan didapatkan skor 97,6% atau termasuk dalam kualifikasi sangat layak dan dapat digunakan. Aspek teknis mencakup kemudahan pengoperasian, fitur yang disajikan pada web, tujuan web dalam mendukung pembelajaran, kemudahan akses web, kemungkinan error yang terjadi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 201,
"width": 454,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji coba aspek teknis, didapatkan informasi bahwa produk sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web mudah dalam pengoperasiannya, fitur yang tersedia pada produk dapat memudahkan siswa dalam menerima materi, produk dapat membuat belajar siswa menjadi terarah, tidak terdapat error pada saat produk digunakan. Dian (2013) menyatakan bahwa kriteria web yang baik harus memenuhi unsur usability yaitu kemampuan sistem agar mudah digunakan dan sederhana dalam pengoperasiannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 325,
"width": 454,
"height": 405,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Produk yang dikembangkan telah memenuhi kriteria usability yang terdiri dari learnability , eficency, dan memorability dimana ketika uji coba didapatkan bahwa menurut pendapat subjek uji coba produk sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web mudah dalam pengoperasiannya. Hal ini karena pada segi learniability , tiap bagian halaman web tersedia petunjuk penggunaan halaman beserta fungsi tiap fiturnya. Selain itu, produk memenuhi kriteria eficiency , dalam hal ini mencakup fungsi sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web yang memuat materi dan dapat diakses melalui pencarian, sehingga dapat mempersingkat waktu dalam mengakses informasi yang dibutuhkan. Produk juga memuat unsur memorability , dimana pengguna level admin dan guru dapat mengakses fitur yang hanya menjadi haknya saja. Dapat dikatakan bahwa sistem mampu mengingat dan mengidentifikasi pengguna yang masuk dalam sistem, sehingga pengguna dapat memanfaatkan sistem sesuai dengan batasan yang telah ditentukan pengembang. Produk yang dikembangkan juga telah dapat mencapai tujuan utamanya dalam mendukung pembelajaran melalui peran pustakawan dan guru. Hal ini tercermin dari hasil uji coba lapangan bahwa fungsi sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web membutuhkan kerja sama antara pustakawan dan guru dalam meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran melalui penyediaan materi yang relevan dengan kurikulum. Sebagaimana yang dinyatakan oleh Darmono (2013:127-128) bahwa berdasarkan manifesto IFLA/ UNESCO tentang perpustakaan sekolah, pustakawan berpengaruh dalam menunjang penggunaan buku dan sumber informasi lainnya untuk memperkaya buku ajar, bahan, dan metodologi mengajar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 36,
"width": 266,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan Berbasis WEB",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 785,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "178",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 334,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan Berbasis Web dari Aspek Visual",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 97,
"width": 454,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mengacu pada hasil uji coba produk berdasarkan aspek visual, secara keseluruhan didapatkan skor 94,9% atau termasuk dalam kualifikasi sangat layak dan dapat digunakan. Aspek visual mencakup informasi, petunjuk navigasi, pemilihan bahasa, kesesuaian warna, gambar ilustrasi, pemilihan ukuran jenis huruf dan tata letak objek, kesesuaian bakground yang digunakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 201,
"width": 454,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji coba aspek visual, didapatkan informasi bahwa produk sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web telah mencakup informasi yang memadai dan mudah dipahami. Navigasi pada sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web tidak membingungkan penggunanya. Produk sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web menggunakan bahasa yang jelas, dan mudah dimengerti, memiliki warna background yang cerah pada tiap section dan halaman. Jenis dan ukuran huruf yang disajikan jelas, dan mudah dibaca. Gambar yang dijadikan backgrond yang ditampilkan cerah dan tidak mengganggu teks atau objek yang lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 366,
"width": 455,
"height": 301,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Dian (2013) kriteria web yang baik berdasarkan aspek desain visual yaitu (1) memiliki tampilan yang menarik, agar pengunjung yang dituju semakin tertarik pada informasi yang dibagikan (2) memiliki desain yang memudahkan pengguna untuk menggunakan website dengan cara memberikan struktur website yang baik melalui navigasinya , (3) menentukan warna, penempatan logo dan font dengan konsisten pada setiap halaman. Pada sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web, telah mencukupi aspek tampilan menarik karena sistem informasi perpustakaan didesain dengan warna-warna yang cerah dan kontras sehingga dapat menarik siswa/ penggunanya. Sistem informasi perpustakaan memiliki desain responsive sehingga dapat menyesuaikan media yang mengaksesnya. Terdapat petunjuk yang jelas dan navigasi yang dapat membantu setiap pemakainya memanfaatkan konten didalam sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web. Peletakan gambar dan logo sistem informasi perpustakaan sberbasis web diterapkan secara konsisten, sehingga dengan demikian aspek-aspek kriteria yang disebutkan diatas telah dipenuhi produkk dan sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web dapat diterapkan dan termasuk kualifikasi sangat layak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 689,
"width": 96,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kajian Dan Saran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 709,
"width": 38,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kajian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 725,
"width": 454,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Produk yang telah dikembangkan berupa sistem informasi yang berbasis web dan dapat diterapkan di komputer perpustakaan sekolah. Ketika uji coba lapangan, sistem informasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 36,
"width": 266,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan Berbasis WEB",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 785,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "179",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 454,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "perpustakaan berbasis web ini diterapkan pada jaringan lokal ( local area network ) pada ruangan perpustakaan SDN Watukosek. Tujuan dikembangkannya sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web ini untuk mengintegrasikan antara materi dari guru dan koleksi perpustakaan berupa data bibliografi dari sistem otomasi perpustakaan SLiMS yang telah terinstall sebelumnya. Integrasi antara materi dari guru dan data bibliografi SLiMS tersebut dilakukan oleh pustakawan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 199,
"width": 455,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peran guru pada sistem informasi perpustakaan ini adalah melakukan unggah materi beserta keterangan dan file pendukungnya berupa softcopy sesuai dengan rancangan pembelajaran dan kurikulum. Peran pustakawan pada sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web ini adalah mengolah data materi guru yang diunggah, menambah materi, mengurangi materi, mengunggah file pendukung, dan mengijinkan materi serta file materi guru yang dientri untuk dapat diakses siswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 323,
"width": 34,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Saran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 337,
"width": 454,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web yang telah dikembangkan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan fungsi perpustakaan sebagai pusat sumber belajar bagi siswa dan guru. Adapun saran yang diberikan peneliti dalam memanfaatkan produk sistem informasi perpustakaan berbasis web, meliputi: (1) gunakan browser yang support dengan HTML5 dan CSS3 ; (2) gunakan spesifikasi komputer yang memadai sebagai server sistem (untuk server lokal).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 461,
"width": 454,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Melalui penyediaan materi yang bersumber dari guru yang disajikan di perpustakaan, diharapkan dapat terjalin kolaborasi antara pustakawan dan guru yang dapat berdampak pada pemenuhan kebutuhan siswa terhadap materi pelajaran bermutu meskipun tanpa ada tatap muka secara langsung di ruang kelas. Dampak selanjutnya adalah siswa akan dapat secara mandiri dalam mencari kebutuhan belajarnya di perpustakaan. Semua upaya tersebut akan bermuara pada satu tujuan bersama, yaitu meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran dan kualitas SDM yang dihasilkan oleh sekolah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 620,
"width": 81,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Daftar Pustaka",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 640,
"width": 454,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Darmono. 2013. Manajemen Perpustakaan Sekolah . Malang: Bayumedia Publishing bekerjasama dengan Fakultas Sastra Universitas Negeri Malang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 687,
"width": 258,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dian, N. 2013. Kriteria Website yang Baik. (Online),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 708,
"width": 420,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(http://www.kompasiana.com/speedseo/kriteria-website-yang-baik-dibahas-lengkap-di- sini_5529a2b7f17e61f211d623d0), diakses 22 Mei 2016.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 36,
"width": 266,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan Berbasis WEB",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 785,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "180",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 455,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indriyati. 2009. Pemanfaatan Pusat Sumber Belajar (PSB) dalam Meningkatkan Proses Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) di Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) Al-Hikmah Surabaya . Skripsi tidak diterbitkan. Surabaya: Pendidikan Agama Islam UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 164,
"width": 454,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Montiel-Overall, Patricia., Kim Grimes. 2013. Teachers and Librarians Collaborating On Inquiry-Based Science Instruction: A Longitudinal Study. Library and Information Science Research 35(1). 41-53.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 232,
"width": 433,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Prastowo. 2013. Manajemen Perpustakaan Sekolah Profesional . Yogyakarta: Diva Press.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 258,
"width": 454,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Undang-Undang RI No. 43 Tahun 2007 tentang Perpustakaan. 2007. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
acc41e06-8ed9-e1a1-5cf3-56779ad0d69a | https://journal.untar.ac.id/index.php/jmts/article/download/3039/1866 | [
{
"left": 69,
"top": 38,
"width": 168,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil Vol. 2, No. 1, Februari 2019: hlm 95-103",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 462,
"top": 41,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "EISSN 2622-545X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 791,
"width": 12,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "95",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 88,
"width": 465,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ANALISIS SERVICE LIFE TERHADAP BERBAGAI JENIS MATERIAL REKLAMASI DIATAS TANAH LUNAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 199,
"top": 145,
"width": 211,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jessica Immanuel 1 dan Chaidir Anwar Makarim 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 173,
"width": 406,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Program Studi Sarjana Teknik Sipil, Universitas Tarumanagara, Jl. Letjen S. Parman No.1 Jakarta Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 196,
"width": 406,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 Program Studi Sarjana Teknik Sipil, Universitas Tarumanagara, Jl. Letjen S. Parman No.1 Jakarta Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 278,
"top": 246,
"width": 56,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 264,
"width": 414,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perkembangan teknologi yang pesat di masa kini dalam setiap aspek kehidupan berbanding lurus dengan meningkatnya aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh manusia Hal ini mendorong meningkatnya kebutuhan manusia akan lahan, sedangkan lahan yang tersedia konstan. Problematika ini memunculkan suatu solusi yang disebut reklamasi. Reklamasi adalah kegiatan yang dilakukan dengan tujuan menambah luasan daratan untuk suatu aktivitas yang sesuai di wilayah tersebut. Dalam suatu proyek pembuatan lahan reklamasi, pada umumnya digunakan material pasir. Namun seiring berkembangnya jaman, digunakan material lain yang dianggap lebih murah dan jumlahnya banyak. Pasir, batu, dan lumpur adalah beberapa jenis tanah yang seringkali digunakan sebagai material pengisi lahan reklamasi. Penggunaan suatu jenis material reklamasi bergantung pada beberapa pertimbangan, beberapa yang perlu diperhatikan adalah sifat dan dampak penurunan yang akan terjadi di masa depan. Sedangkan, setiap struktur atau bangunan yang akan berdiri diatasnya direncanakan memiliki umur layannya masing-masing. Dampak penurunan pada setiap jenis material reklamasi yang berbeda-beda dapat berdampak pada suatu umur layan suatu bangunan yang akan berdiri diatasnya. Dari beberapa data tanah yang mewakili sifat suatu jenis material, akan dilakukan analisis penurunan (konsolidasi) dengan suatu program pembantu. Dari hasil analisis, dapat diinterpretasikan perbedaan penurunan yang terjadi dan dampak yang dapat ditimbulkan terhadap rencana umur layan suatu bangunan tertentu. Analisis umur layan terhadap jenis tanah material reklamasi tertentu diperlukan guna mencapai suatu umur layan yang direncanakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 477,
"width": 261,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci: material reklamasi, konsolidasi, rangkak, umur layan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 501,
"width": 109,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 519,
"width": 75,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Latar belakang",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 538,
"width": 470,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perkembangan teknologi yang pesat dalam setiap aspek kehidupan manusia sudah tak terelakkan lagi. Manusia terus menerus mengembangkan segala sesuatu mulai dari hal yang sederhana hingga hal yang melewati batas pemikiran orang pada umumnya. Kebutuhan akan lahan pun muncul dimana lahan merupakan kebutuhan utama dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan. Lambat laun, hal ini menimbulkan problematika baru ketika permintaan akan lahan tidak seimbang dengan lahan yang tersedia. Tak lama kemudian, muncullah solusi yang disebut sebagai reklamasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 601,
"width": 470,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Salah satu aspek yang penting dan perlu dipertimbangkan dalam proyek reklamasi adalah service life (umur layan) setiap struktur yang akan berdiri diatasnya. Setiap struktur yang hendak dibangun direncanakan memiliki umur layannya masing-masing menurut tujuannya. Banyak hal yang harus diperhatikan agar suatu umur layan yang direncanakan pada suatu struktur tercapai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 653,
"width": 470,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Salah satunya adalah pemilihan jenis tanah material reklamasi. Hal ini penting dipertimbangkan dampaknya terhadap berbagai faktor service life suatu struktur. Jenis material yang berbeda akan menyebabkan penurunan (konsolidasi) yang berbeda pula. Melalui skripsi ini, akan dilakukan analisis hubungan pemilihan jenis tanah material reklamasi terhadap berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi service life suatu struktur.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 706,
"width": 87,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tujuan penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 724,
"width": 470,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kelebihan dan kekurangan dari berbagai jenis material reklamasi yang digunakan, mengetahui penuunan yang terjadi pada suatu lahan reklamasi menggunakan suatu program pembantu, dan mengetahui hubungan dan pengaruh pemilihan jenis tanah material reklamasi menggunakan suatu program pembantu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 38,
"width": 249,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis Service Life Terhadap Berbagai Jenis Material Reklamasi Diatas Tanah Lunak",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 427,
"top": 38,
"width": 100,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jessica Immanuel , et al.",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 286,
"top": 791,
"width": 12,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "96",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 105,
"width": 101,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengertian reklamasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 123,
"width": 470,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Reklamasi berasal dari kosa kata dalam bahasa Inggris, yaitu to reclaim yang berarti memperbaiki sesuatu yang rusak. Reklamasi juga dapat diartikan sebagai proses menciptakan lahan baru dari laut, dasar sungai, ataupun dasar danau.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 164,
"width": 147,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Manfaat dan tujuan reklamasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 183,
"width": 470,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tujuan reklamasi yaitu untuk menjadikan kawasan berair yang rusak atau belum termanfaatkan menjadi suatu kawasan baru yang lebih baik dan bermanfaat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 212,
"width": 132,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber material reklamasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 230,
"width": 470,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam realisasi pelaksanaan penimbunan reklamasi, biasanya persyaratan teknis tersebut disederhanakan atau dibuat praktis, menjadi:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 259,
"width": 239,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Berupa tanah pasir bercampur kerikil dan sedikit lanau",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 271,
"width": 239,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Harus bersih dan bebas dari bahan organis dan kotoran",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 282,
"width": 168,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Diameter butiran maksimum= 20mm",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 294,
"width": 429,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Persentasi material berdiameter halus yaitu yang lebih kecil dari 0.08 mm adalah lebih kecil dari 20%",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 305,
"width": 451,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Relative density (Dr) timbunan minimum = 80% untuk zone diatas muka air pasang, dan minimum= 60% pada zona dibawah muka air pasang.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 326,
"width": 227,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. Koefisien permeabilitas (k) minimum= 1 x 10 -5 m/s",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 346,
"width": 470,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada umumnya, material timbunan yang baik adalah material pasir yang heterogen ( well graded sands ). Namun seiring berjalannya waktu dan berkembangnya teknologi, beberapa material seperti batu dan lumpur pun digunakan. Material tersebut digunakan karena beberapa faktor, yaitu biaya, transportasi, dan lain-lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 387,
"width": 118,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penurunan (konsolidasi)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 405,
"width": 470,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jika suatu lapisan tanah dibebani, maka tanah akan mengalami regangan atau penurunan (settlement) , atau boleh dikatakan tanah yang mengalami tegangan akan mengalami regangan dalam tanah tersebut. Pada tanah berbutir halus yang berada dibawah muka air tanah terjadi penurunan konsolidasi (consolidation settlement) . Penurunan yang terjadi memerlukan waktu yang lama. Penurunan tanah merupakan peristiwa termampatnya suatu lapisan tanah, dapat dikarenakan karena beban luar atau pemompaan air. Jenis penurunan ada beberapa:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 466,
"width": 429,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Penurunan segera (immediate settlement): penurunan akibat deformasi elastis tanah kering, basah, dan jenuh air tanpa adanya perubahan kadar air.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 490,
"width": 445,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Penurunan konsolidasi primer (primary settlement) : penurunan yang terjadi akibat terdisipasinya tegangan air pori berlebih seiring dengan berjalannya waktu.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 513,
"width": 415,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Penurunan konsolidasi sekunder (secondary settlement) : penurunan yang terjadi setelah penurunan konsolidasi primer.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 546,
"width": 221,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penurunan sekunder ( secondary consolidation )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 564,
"width": 470,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penurunan ini terjadi umumnya setelah penurunan primer terjadi, didefinisikan sebagai penyesuaian kerangka tanah sesudah tekanan pori yang berlebih menghilang. Penurunan sekunder tergantung pada waktu dan dapat berlangsung dalam waktu yang lama. Penurunan yang diakibatkan oleh konsolidasi sekunder sangat penting untuk semua jenis tanah organik dan tanah anorganik yang sangat mampu mampat ( compressible). Untuk lempung anorganik yang terlalu terkonsolidasi, indeks pemampatan sekunder adalah sangat kecil sehingga dapat diabaikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 628,
"width": 53,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Service life",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 110,
"top": 628,
"width": 65,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(umur layan)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 646,
"width": 470,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut W.P.S.Dias (2003) dalam tulisannya yang berjudul Factors Influencing the Service Life of Buildings , ditulis bahwa umur layan struktur bergantung pada 5 buah faktor, seperti:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 673,
"width": 152,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Tujuan bangunan ( their purpose )",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 685,
"width": 322,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Pertimbangan atas aspek sosial – ekonomi ( socio – economic consideration)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 697,
"width": 201,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Material konstruksi ( material of construction )",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 709,
"width": 216,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Lingkungan di sekitar ( surrounding environment )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 722,
"width": 203,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Derajat pemeliharaan ( degree of maintenance)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 38,
"width": 168,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil Vol. 2, No. 1, Februari 2019: hlm 95-103",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 462,
"top": 41,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "EISSN 2622-545X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 791,
"width": 12,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "97",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 174,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 106,
"width": 129,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode pengumpulan data",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 125,
"width": 470,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode yang digunakan untuk pengumpulan data penelitian ini adalah teknik dokumentasi yaitu pengumpulan data dari proyek. Setelah data berhasil didapatkan, kemudian dilakukan beberapa korelasi parameter tanah sehingga diperoleh parameter yang dibutuhkan untuk melakukan analisis perbedaan penurunan (konsolidasi) oleh setiap jenis material dan dampak yang ditimbulkan pada umur layan suatu bangunan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 177,
"width": 99,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode analisis data",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 195,
"width": 470,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode analisis yang digunakan untuk menganalisa data menggunakan suatu program pembantu. Sebelum dilakukannya analisis data, perlu adanya studi literature dengan mencari dasar – dasar teori dan sumber data seperti journal, buku referensi untuk mendapatkan rumus – rumus.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 242,
"width": 183,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. ANALISIS DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 261,
"width": 112,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kesimpulan parameter",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 279,
"width": 470,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji lapangan, dan hasil korelasi, dapat dianalisis untuk mendapatkan berbagai macam parameter yang akan digunakan untuk melakukan pemodelan pada program. Berikut merupakan kesimpulan parameter yang digunakan untuk pemodelan konsolidasi lapisan tanah pada suatu program pembantu yang dapat dilihat pada tabel 1 dan tabel 2 sebagai berikut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 112,
"top": 331,
"width": 387,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Parameter tanah suatu proyek reklamasi di Jakarta (Suatu Proyek Reklamasi di Jakarta)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 349,
"width": 299,
"height": 206,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Parameter Holocene Clay Dredged Mud γ – Unit Weight (kN/m 2 ) 14.3 12 γ sat – Sat. Unit Weight (kN/m 2 ) 16.3 14 ν – Poisson Ratio 0.2 0.15 Cc – Compression Index 0.96 1.08 Cr – Recompression Index 0.146 0.18 Cv – Coefficient of Consolidation (m 2 /year) 1.33 3.5 Cα – Secondary Consolidation Coefficient 0.036 0.036 e o – Initial Void Ratio 3 3.5 OCR – Over-Consolidation Ratio 1 1",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 197,
"top": 581,
"width": 219,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2. Parameter untuk jenis material batu dan pasir",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 599,
"width": 295,
"height": 166,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Parameter Rock/Gravel Dense Sand γ – Unit Weight (kN/m 2 ) 17 16 γ sat – Sat. Unit Weight (kN/m 2 ) 22 20 ν – Poisson Ratio 0.2 0.3 Cc – Compression Index 0.0001 0.01 Cr – Recompression Index 0.00002 0.002 k – Permeability (cm 2 /s) 1 100 Cα – Secondary Consolidation Coefficient - - e o – Initial Void Ratio 0.36 0.5",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 38,
"width": 249,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis Service Life Terhadap Berbagai Jenis Material Reklamasi Diatas Tanah Lunak",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 427,
"top": 38,
"width": 100,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jessica Immanuel , et al.",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 286,
"top": 791,
"width": 12,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "98",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 88,
"width": 273,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "OCR – Over-Consolidation Ratio 1 1",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 144,
"width": 263,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis penurunan dengan material pasir ( dense sand)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 192,
"top": 303,
"width": 200,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1. Grafik Total Settlement Material Pasir",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 186,
"top": 477,
"width": 211,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2. Grafik Primary Settlement Material Pasir",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 181,
"top": 649,
"width": 223,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 3. Grafik Secondary Settlement Material Pasir",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 667,
"width": 470,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari hasil output program untuk lapisan tanah dengan material pasir, didapatkan hasil maksimum (hingga 100 tahun) penurunan total ( total settlement ) sebesar 5.0531 meter (Gambar 1), penurunan primer ( primary settlement ) sebesar 4.734 meter (Gambar 2), dan penurunan sekunder ( secondary settlement ) sebesar 0.3189 meter (Gambar 3). Dari grafik tersebut, dapat terlihat penurunan sekunder yang terjadi dari waktu ke waktu cenderung kecil dan tidak signifikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 730,
"width": 470,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Besaran penurunan yang terjadi dianggap baik dan kecil, mengingat material reklamasi terbaik hingga saat ini adalah material pasir. Pada pemodelan lapisan tanah reklamasi ini, yang mengalami penurunan sekunder hanya lapisan tanah asli dibawahnya ( holocene clay ). Hal ini merupakan nilai tambah untuk material pasir karena tidak",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 187,
"top": 178,
"width": 210,
"height": 444,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 0 500 1000 1500 Time vs Total Settlement 0 100 200 300 400 0 500 1000 1500 Time vs Secondary Settlement 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 0 500 1000 1500 Time vs Primary Settlement",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 38,
"width": 113,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 50,
"width": 168,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 2, No. 1, Februari 2019: hlm 95-103",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 462,
"top": 41,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "EISSN 2622-545X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 791,
"width": 12,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "99",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 87,
"width": 470,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "memiliki andil dalam penurunan jangka panjang ( secondary settlement ), dampaknya dianggap kecil sekali sehingga dapat diabaikan. Nilai permeabilitas yang tinggi pada material pasir dianggap menunjukkan drainase material ini baik (Budhu, 2011), sehingga pemadatan tanah dan konsolidasi dapat terjadi dengan cepat. Selain itu, material pasir yang tidak terlalu berat, transportasi material ke lokasi reklamasi pun menjadi lebih mudah. Salah satu hal yang menjadi masalah utama dari pemilihan jenis material ini adalah fenomena liquifaksi yang kerap terjadi pada material ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 162,
"width": 470,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Salah satu studi kasus proyek reklamasi yang menggunakan pasir adalah proyek reklamasi Changi East , Singapura. Proyek Changi East dilakukan dari tahun 1991 hingga 2005 di lepas pantai untuk memperluas Bandara Internasional Changi dan perkembangan infrastruktur lain di Singapura (Arulrajah, 2008). Berdasarkan hasil yang didapat, dapat ditarik kesimpulan lapisan reklamasi dengan material pasir dikatakan memiliki daya dukung yang cukup kuat dan dianggap baik sebagai jenis material reklamasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 226,
"width": 281,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis penurunan dengan material lumpur ( dredged mud)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 200,
"top": 381,
"width": 212,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 4. Grafik Total Settlement Material Lumpur",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 194,
"top": 539,
"width": 225,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 5. Grafik Primary Settlement Material Lumpur",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 189,
"top": 692,
"width": 234,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 6. Grafik Secondary Settlement Material Lumpur",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 709,
"width": 470,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari hasil output program, untuk lapisan tanah reklamasi dengan material lumpur didapatkan hasil maksimum penurunan total ( total settlement ) sebesar 9.7789 meter (Gambar 4), penurunan primer ( primary settlement ) sebesar 8.8562 meter (Gambar 5), dan penurunan sekunder ( secondary settlement ) sebesar 0.9227 meter (Gambar 6). Dari grafik tersebut, terlihat penurunannya jauh lebih besar dan signifikan dibanding dengan lapisan tanah dengan material sebelumnya. Hal ini disebabkan material lumpur ini turut menimbulkan secondary consolidation.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 193,
"top": 254,
"width": 220,
"height": 429,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 0 500 1000 1500 Time vs Primary Settlement 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 0 500 1000 1500 Time vs Total Settlement 0 200 400 600 800 1000 0 500 1000 1500 Time vs Secondary Settlement",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 38,
"width": 249,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis Service Life Terhadap Berbagai Jenis Material Reklamasi Diatas Tanah Lunak",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 427,
"top": 38,
"width": 100,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jessica Immanuel , et al.",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 283,
"top": 791,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "100",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 87,
"width": 470,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Harganya yang murah dan jumlahnya yang banyak, mendorong beberapa proyek reklamasi yang menggunakan lumpur sebagai material pengisi reklamasi. Yang menjadi masalah besar dalam pemakaian jenis material ini, adalah tingkat permeabilitasnya yang sangat rendah. Tingkat permeabilitas yang rendah menyebabkan material ini memiliki tingkat drainase yang sangat buruk. Drainase yang buruk ini membuat kandungan air yang terperangkap diantara pori sulit untuk keluar, yang menyebabkan konsolidasi untuk jangka waktu yang sangat lama. Penggunaan material ini perlu diberi perhatian lebih pada secondary settlement yang ditimbulkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 162,
"width": 470,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kasus secondary settlement pada reklamasi yang dapat diambil adalah kasus Bandar Udara Internasional Kansai, Jepang. Konsolidasi yang terjadi sangat besar jauh melewati perhitungan awal konsolidasi. Hal ini disebabkan pada tanah aslinya ( clay ) memiliki kandungan air yang besar dan mengejutkan. Diperkirakan terdapat 70% kandungan air yang terperangkap di antara pori tersebut. Selain itu, material pengisi reklamasi yang berupa lumpur juga turut memberi sumbangan penurunan rangkak yang cukup besar. Berat dari material pengisi dan preloading menekan air untuk keluar dari pori tanah lempung tersebut, dan menyebabkan konsolidasi terjadi. Lapisan tanah lempung dapat menjadi keras setelah air ditekan keluar, dan penurunan akan berhenti setelah tanah lempung ini seluruhnya menjadi keras dan dapat menahan beban dari pulau diatasnya. Namun, hingga saat ini penurunan masih tetap terjadi dan belum berhenti. (KIX, 2016). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa jenis material lumpur ini dapat dikatakan kurang baik sebagai material reklamasi. Namun, beberapa faktor seperti biaya dan kemudahan material ini didapatkan mendorong proyek reklamasi untuk menggunakannya. Diperlukan perhatian khusus pada secondary settlement yang ditimbulkan, baik pada lapisan tanah pengisi maupun lapisan tanah asli.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 307,
"width": 257,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis penurunan dengan material batu ( rock/gravel)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 186,
"top": 345,
"width": 225,
"height": 316,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 7. Grafik Total Settlement Material Batu Gambar 8. Grafik Primary Settlement Material Batu 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 0 500 1000 1500 Time vs Primary Settlement 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 0 500 1000 1500 Time vs Total Settlement",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 38,
"width": 168,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil Vol. 2, No. 1, Februari 2019: hlm 95-103",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 462,
"top": 41,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "EISSN 2622-545X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 791,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "101",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 196,
"top": 269,
"width": 222,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 9. Grafik Secondary Settlement Material Batu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 286,
"width": 470,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari hasil output program, untuk lapisan tanah reklamasi dengan material batu didapatkan hasil maksimum penurunan total ( total settlement ) sebesar 4.8355 meter (Gambar 7), penurunan primer ( primary settlement ) sebesar 4.5228 meter (Gambar 8), dan penurunan sekunder ( secondary settlement ) sebesar 0.3127 meter (Gambar 9). Dari grafik tersebut, dapat terlihat penurunan (konsolidasi) yang terjadi kurang lebih sama dengan material pasir.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 338,
"width": 470,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Material batu memiliki berat yang lebih besar dari material pasir, yang membuat material ini lebih sulit dipindahkan ke lokasi reklamasi. Ukuran yang besar pada material ini membuat material batu tidak bisa dipadatkan dengan mudah, dan dapat merusak alat pengerukan reklamasi (HKDSE, 2014). Apabila ukurannya terlalu besar, maka material ini perlu dipecahkan ke ukuran yang lebih kecil untuk mempermudah pemadatan. Cuaca juga dapat memberikan dampak yang buruk untuk material ini. Dampak yang ditimbulkan berupa pelapukan yang dapat menyebabkan batuan hancur menjadi bagian yang lebih kecil, sehingga dapat menyebabkan penurunan signifikan pada void ratio dan terjadinya konsolidasi di masa yang akan datang. (Pratikso, 2008). Diperlukan perhatian dalam pemilihan jenis batu yang digunakan, batuan yang baik digunakan adalah batuan beku yang memiliki ketahanan yang tinggi terhadap proses erosi dan pelapukan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 448,
"width": 470,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Salah satu studi kasus proyek reklamasi yang menggunakan batuan sebagai material reklamasi adalah proyek reklamasi di Lamma Island , Hong Kong. Sebagian besar proyek reklamasi di Hong Kong berskala besar menggunakan batu sebagai material pengisi reklamasi, karena membutuhkan jumlah yang sangat besar. Namun, beberapa masalah timbul dari penggunaan material batu ini, diantaranya biaya yang cukup mahal dalam pengurugan, dan potensi longsor pada sumber tanah urugan. Selain itu, batu dapat mengalami erosi yang disebabkan oleh hujan, kelembaban, dan panas yang disebabkan oleh faktor cuaca. Disamping beberapa kekurangannya, material batu ini dapat dikatakan cukup baik sebagai material reklamasi. Salah satu kelebihannya adalah material ini tidak menimbulkan secondary settlement , dianggap tidak ada karena sangat kecil. Selain itu, material ini memiliki jumlah yang besar dan sangat cocok untuk proyek reklamasi berskala besar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 558,
"width": 87,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tujuan bangunan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 576,
"width": 470,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setiap struktur dengan tujuannya masing-masing memiliki service life (umur layan) yang berbeda-beda pula (W.P.S. Dias, 2003). Menurut British Standart 7543:1992, menetapkan umur layan normal suatu struktur adalah 60 tahun. Sedangkan menurut British Standart EN 1992-1-1:2008, menetapkan umur layan normal suatu struktur lebih rendah, yaitu 50 tahun. Peninjauan akan dilakukan pada bangunan dermaga dan bangunan perkantoran. Berdasarkan tujuannya, dermaga dianggap bangunan publik, direncanakan mencapai umur layan 100 tahun. Sedangkan bangunan perkantoran termasuk bangunan pribadi, direncanakan mencapai umur layan 60 tahun.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 651,
"width": 171,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pertimbangan aspek sosial ekonomi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 670,
"width": 470,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perkembangan teknologi, aspek sosial dan ekonomi yang terus menerus berdampak pada aktivitas yang terjadi pada suatu jenis bangunan. Umur layan suatu bangunan harus dapat mempertimbangkan perkembangan yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang, baik dalam aspek sosial, ekonomi, maupun budaya. Aktivitas yang terus berkembang ini dapat berdampak pada peningkatan maupun penurunan beban yang dipikul oleh suatu jenis tanah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 722,
"width": 470,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perkembangan arus ekonomi dapat mengalami kenaikan dan penurunan di masa depan. Kenaikan arus ekonomi yang pesat dapat meningkatkan kegiatan ekonomi luar negeri, yaitu kegiatan ekspor dan impor. Suatu dermaga peti kemas yang awalnya hanya menampung 10.000 ton/m 3 , 1 tahun kemudian terjadi peningkatan ekonomi hingga 50.000 ton/m 3 . Peningkatan beban bongkar muat pada dermaga ini akan berdampak peningkatan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 193,
"top": 130,
"width": 208,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 0 500 1000 1500 Time vs Secondary Settlement",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 38,
"width": 249,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis Service Life Terhadap Berbagai Jenis Material Reklamasi Diatas Tanah Lunak",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 427,
"top": 38,
"width": 100,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jessica Immanuel , et al.",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 283,
"top": 791,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "102",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 87,
"width": 470,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "penurunan/konsolidasi yang terjadi. Jenis material reklamasi harus dipertimbangkan dampak penurunannya jika dermaga ingin mencapai umur layannya. Jenis material reklamasi yang baik untuk suatu bangunan dermaga adalah material pasir atau material batu yang tidak memiliki andil pada penurunan sekunder atau rangkak yang terjadi. Namun, apabila material reklamasi yang digunakan adalah lumpur, sangat diperlukan perhatian dan perhitungan dengan tepat dalam memprediksi kemungkinan penurunan yang terjadi. Penurunan sekunder yang sangat besar dapat terjadi. (Dias, 2003)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 162,
"width": 470,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berbeda dengan bangunan perkantoran. Perkembangan arus ekonomi umumnya kemungkinan besar hanya berdampak pada bertambahnya jumlah pekerja dan lapangan pekerjaan. Hal ini tidak menimbulkan peningkatan pembebanan yang signifikan pada bangunan. Maka walaupun bangunan perkantoran ini berdiri diatas 3 jenis material reklamasi yang sudah dibahas sebelumnya, dampak penurunan sekunder yang terjadi sangat kecil.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 215,
"width": 171,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Material reklamasi yang digunakan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 233,
"width": 470,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Material pengisi reklamasi yang digunakan memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangannya masing-masing, seperti yang dibahas pada analisis penurunan sebelumnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 262,
"width": 470,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk material pasir, kelebihannya adalah tidak mengalami penurunan sekunder ( secondary settlement ), memiliki angka pori yang kecil dan permeabilitas yang tinggi, material tidak terlalu berat sehingga mudah dalam transportasi menuju ke lokasi reklamasi dan tidak berdampak besar dalam settlement yang terjadi. Namun material pasir juga memiliki beberapa kekurangan, yaitu biayanya lebih mahal, ada kemungkinan terjadinya fenomena liquifaksi, sulit dalam pemompaan ke lokasi reklamasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 325,
"width": 470,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk material lumpur, kelebihannya adalah biaya lebih murah dan jumlahnya banyak, mudah dalam pemindahan ke lokasi reklamasi, lebih ringan dibanding material lainnya. Namun material lumpur juga memiliki beberapa kekurangan, diantaranya dapat menimbulkan secondary settlement yang besar, diperlukan perhatian lebih karena tingkat permeabilitasnya yang rendah sehingga perlu waktu yang lebih lama untuk konsolidasi, dan diperlukan vertical drain untuk mempercepat konsolidasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 389,
"width": 470,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk material batu, kelebihannya adalah pada umumnya material ini tidak mengalami penurunan sekunder ( secondary settlement ), kemungkinan terjadinya fenomena liquifaksi sangat kecil, memiliki ukuran yang besar sehingga cocok untuk proyek reklamasi berskala besar. Namun material batu ini juga memiliki kekurangan, yakni cukup berat dibanding material lainnya sehingga dapat berdampak pada penurunan primer yang cukup besar terhadap tanah asli dibawahnya, lebih berat dan sulit dalam pemindahan ke lokasi reklamasi, dan dapat mengalami pelapukan menjadi bentuk yang lebih kecil.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 464,
"width": 124,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lingkungan di sekitarnya",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 483,
"width": 470,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setiap jenis tanah pengisi reklamasi memiliki tingkat kerusakan yang berbeda-beda. Dampak cuaca seperti kelembaban dan panas dapat memicu terjadinya pelapukan. Dalam hal ini, yang membutuhkan perhatian besar adalah material batu yang dapat melapuk menjadi material yang lebih kecil. Pelapukan batuan ini dapat menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan void ratio pada lapisan tanah pengisi reklamasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 535,
"width": 470,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada bangunan dermaga, tentunya lokasi dermaga ini berdekatan dengan perairan (laut). Lokasi dan lingkungan di sekitar dermaga ini tentunya memiliki kelembaban yang sangat tinggi. Tidak menimbulkan masalah yang besar apabila jenis material dibawahnya berupa pasir dan lumpur. Namun, apabila jenis material pengisi reklamasi dibawahnya adalah material batu, maka perlu dipertimbangkan lebih dalam mengenai dampak pelapukan dan penurunan yang akan terjadi di masa depan. (Dias, 2003)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 598,
"width": 470,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada bangunan perkantoran, umumnya bangunan perkantoran berada di tengah kota yang jauh dari perairan. Namun dampak cuaca berupa hujan dan panas tidak dapat dihindarkan. Sama seperti bangunan dermaga, apabila jenis material pengisi reklamasi adalah material batu, perlu pertimbangan matang akan pelapukan yang dapat ditimbulkan dan penurunan yang dapat terjadi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 657,
"width": 98,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 675,
"width": 397,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang dilakukan, dapat didapatkan beberapa kesimpulan sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 692,
"width": 463,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Berdasarkan analisis penurunan yang terjadi, penurunan sekunder yang terjadi dengan lapisan material pasir (diambil dense sand) sebesar 0.3189 meter dan lapisan material batu ( diambil rock/well graded gravel) sebesar 0.3127 meter. Dari hasil tersebut, penurunan dianggap kecil dan kurang lebih hampir sama sehingga dapat dianggap baik sebagai material pengisi reklamasi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 738,
"width": 463,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Berdasarkan analisis penurunan pada material lumpur ( dredged mud ), didapat hasil penurunan sebesar 0.9227 meter. Dari hasil tersebut, terlihat terjadi perbedaan yang signifikan dengan material batu dan pasir. Material lumpur ikut berdampak dalam penurunan sekunder sehingga penurunan yang terjadi lebih besar.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 38,
"width": 168,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil Vol. 2, No. 1, Februari 2019: hlm 95-103",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 462,
"top": 41,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "EISSN 2622-545X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 791,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "103",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 87,
"width": 463,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Untuk bangunan dermaga yang diharapkan mencapai umur layan 100 tahun, perlu mempertimbangkan peningkatan pembebanan bertahap dan dampak penurunan yang terjadi akibat perkembangan sosial dan ekonomi. Sedangkan untuk bangunan perkantoran, peningkatan pembebanan tidak terlalu signifikan terjadi akibat perkembangan sosial dan ekonomi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 146,
"width": 107,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 162,
"width": 470,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arulrajah, Arul. (2008). Case Study of the Changi East Land Reclamation Project, Singapore . 6 th Internasional Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering , 11-16 Agustus 2008, 1-12.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 193,
"width": 470,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "British Standart. (1992). Guide to Durability of Buildings and Buildings Elements, Products, and Components. Bsi standarts publication , England.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 222,
"width": 414,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Budhu, M. and J.E. Bowles. (2015). Soil Parameters and Correlation . John Wiley & Sons, New York.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 239,
"width": 455,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Das, Braja M. (2002). Mekanika Tanah (Prinsip-Prinsip Rekayasa Geoteknis) Jilid 2 . Penerbit Erlangga, Jakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 257,
"width": 448,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dias, W.P.S. (2003). Factors Influencing the Service Life of Buildings . The Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 274,
"width": 470,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HKDSE Geography. (2014). External Processes and The Landscapes. Hong Kong Geography Authority Publications, Hong Kong.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 303,
"width": 468,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kansai International Airport (2016). Why settlement occurs . Tersedia di http://www.kansai- airports.co.jp/en/efforts/our-tech/kix/sink/sink2.html (1 Desember 2018)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 332,
"width": 280,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pratikso. (2008). Mekanika Tanah. Fakultas Teknik Unissula, Jakarta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 283,
"top": 791,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "104",
"type": "Page footer"
}
] |
61074916-f3a8-0b9d-0b72-d89fce6e6c48 | https://ejournal.kopertais4.or.id/madura/index.php/tafhim/article/download/6172/3999 | [
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 429,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tafhim Al- ‘Ilmi : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pemikiran Islam ISSN: 2252-4924, e-ISSN: 2579-7182 Terakreditasi Nasional SK No : 148/M/KPT/2020",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 377,
"top": 66,
"width": 136,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume 14, No. 2 Maret 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "247",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 153,
"top": 116,
"width": 292,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mencari Akar Fundamental Moderasi Beragama dalam Hermeneutika Eksistensial Transendental Mullâ Shadrâ",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 253,
"top": 176,
"width": 92,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abdul Muid Nawawi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 192,
"top": 187,
"width": 217,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta e-mail: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 212,
"top": 210,
"width": 173,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mulyani Institut PTIQ Jakarta e-mail: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 268,
"width": 39,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstrack",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 279,
"width": 343,
"height": 119,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Many human tragedies arise from religious extremism. This paper seeks to explain and provide an argument that the root of the problem of religious extremism lies in the failure to recognize the essence of religion and its equality with humanity itself. In the context of Islam, through the hermeneutics of Mulla Shadra this paper attempts to explain that the Qur'an, man and nature are three aspects of a single existential reality. This introduction brought all three to the peak of their sacred and perennial dimensions so as to anticipate religious extremism in terms of genealogy of consciousness. The philosophical hermeneutic approach becomes the path of contemplation of reasoning of this paper which is a blend of the methodology of Henry Corbin and Mulla Shadra.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 412,
"width": 336,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata Kunci: Transcendental existential hermeneutics, human tragedy, religious extremism",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 462,
"width": 71,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 483,
"width": 428,
"height": 259,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Islam datang mengantisipasi tragedi kemanusiaan namun ironi kemudian terjadi, atas nama Islam kemudian berbagai bentuk tragedi kemanusiaan terjadi. Tragedi kemanusiaan telah menimpa sejak masa khalifah ‘Utsmân dan terus berlanjut hingga saat ini. Cara pandang tafsir keagamaan konservatif dapat menjadi alat kuasa bagi otoritas untuk membrangus lawan-lawan politiknya. Cara pandang koservatif menjadi legalitas bagi otoritas kuasa untuk melakukan penindasan. Tujuan-tujuan sekules otoritas kuasa berpotensi besar untuk dilegalisir melalui cara pandang konservatif keagamaan. Lihat saja Pada abad ke-4 hijriah, aliran teologi rasional mu’tazilah dan filsafat Islam dieksklusi, dimarjinalkan dan bahkan sampai pada taraf pemberangusan yang dilakukan oleh otoritas kuasa. Karya-karya Ibn Rush dibakar pada abad ke-12 H yang digerakkan oleh khalifah pada saat itu, agar mendapat dukungan dari kalangan konservatif untuk tujuan politiknya memerangi raja-raja Katolik. Hallaj dieksekusi mati karena perbedaan pengalaman dan penafsirannya, dan hal itu berulang terus menerus dalam sejarah muslim. Suhrwardi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 429,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tafhim Al- ‘Ilmi : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pemikiran Islam ISSN: 2252-4924, e-ISSN: 2579-7182 Terakreditasi Nasional SK No : 148/M/KPT/2020",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 377,
"top": 66,
"width": 136,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume 14, No. 2 Maret 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "248",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 116,
"width": 428,
"height": 280,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kemudian jatuhi hukuman dibunuh secar perlahan dalam jeruji kurungan. Pengikut wujudiyah Hamzah Fansuri dikejar-kejar hingga mengsingkan diri ke pedalaman Beutong Ateuh Aceh. Semuanya atas dasar penafsiran yang dianggap “sesat” oleh cara pandang tafsir teologis konservatif, yang mendapat dukungan politik otoritas kuasa. Situasi ini terus berlangsung dalam bentuk ketegangan sosial kagamaan dan politik pada kehidupan kita saat ini, Indonesia kontemporer. Di aceh, bentrokan terjadi antara “ulama” dayah tradisional bagian Utara Aceh dengan Majelis Penggajian Tauhid Tasawuf (MPTT) Abu Amran Wali. Politik indentitas keagamaan koservatif, membuat Basuki Cahaya Purnama (Ahok) “terpinggirkan” secara politik, hanya karena indentitasnya bukan dari kalangan agama mayoritas. Situasi ini berakar pada bahaya laten patologi kesadara teologi keagamaan konservatif. Yang lebih mencengangkan, Rasionalisme teologi Mu’tazilah sekalipun tidak juga mampu membawanya lepas dari tragedi kemanusiaan. Setelah menerima teologi Mu’tazilah, al-Ma’mun mempersekusi penafsiran teologis yang bertentangan dengan “kemakhlukan Al-Qur’an”. 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 406,
"width": 428,
"height": 301,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tradisi tafsir yang dikenal dengan tafsir bi al-ma'tsûr manakala tidak diletakkan pada dasar perjalanan eksistensial manusia dalam tradisi sufisme maka akan melahirkan patologi kemanusiaan. Tafsir bi al-ma'tsûr merupakan bentuk penafsiran yang didasarkan pada kutipan-kutipan ayat, hadis, atau dari riwayat yang dianggap sahih. Baik menafsirkan ayat dengan ayat, ayat dengan hadis, ayat dengan komentar sahabat, atau ayat dengan komentar tabiin. Penafsiran ayat dengan ayat atau ayat dengan hadis tidak serta-merta menuntaskan persoalan. penafsiran bi al-ma'tsûr mendasarkan tangkapan makna sejauh dihasilkan literal teks secara langsung, dalam cakrawala proyeksi makna bersifat logis-empiris. Jika hanya mengandalkan basis epistemologi ini, mengapa Abu Jahal tidak menerima Islam atau mengapa Abu Talib yang baik hati itu, tidak mengikuti jalan Muhammad meski telah diingatkan oleh mistikus Bukhaira’. Sulit bagi kita untuk menerima secara logis bahwa Abu Jahal dan Abu Thalib sebagai ningrat Quraisy, tidak memahami dengan baik, bahasa dan sastra Arab, sehingga melalui perangkat kebahasaan itu diasumsikan dapat mengerti cukup baik risalah Muhammad. Artinya tafsîr al-Qur’ân bi al-Qur’ân atau tafsîr al-Qur’ân bi al-riwâyât jika mendasarkan pada basis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 733,
"width": 428,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1 Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd, Reformation of Islamic Thought: A Critical Historical Analysis , Amsterdam University Press, 2006. hal. 15",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 429,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tafhim Al- ‘Ilmi : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pemikiran Islam ISSN: 2252-4924, e-ISSN: 2579-7182 Terakreditasi Nasional SK No : 148/M/KPT/2020",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 377,
"top": 66,
"width": 136,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume 14, No. 2 Maret 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "249",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 116,
"width": 428,
"height": 405,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "epistemologi empiris sebagai arah proyeksi makna yang dirujuk oleh leksikal teks, maka belum mampu menyingkap pesan terdalam Al-Qur’an. Lihat saja bagaimana mufasir tradisional ketika menafsirkan ayat-ayat mengandung realitas metafisik, seperti pengaman mi’raj, pengalaman perjumapaan dengan Tuhan, dengan neraka, surga, iblis, malaikat dan sebagainya, hanyalah gamabaran-gamabaran yang dimunculkan oleh teks secara leksikal dan gambaran-gambaran itu diasosiasikan dengan pengalaman empiris. Kita bisa bertanya sendiri bagaimana narasi Tafsir Tradisional tentang penduduk surga maka kita akan temukan gambaran empiris yang amat “berlebihan”. Problem juga muncul manakala menggunakan komentar para sahabat tanpa ada kesadaran problem hermeneutik yang juga menimpa mereka. Secara eksistensial para sahabat juga berada dalam situasi yang sama dengan kita, berada dalam “jarak” pengenalan dan pengetahuan dalam proses gerak eksistensial dirinya, yang sama seprti kita dalam memahami Al- Qur’an. Sehingga asumsi bahwa para sahabat adalah orang yang lebih memahami dan mengetahui turunnya wahyu, berdasarkan pada sesuatu yang tampak secara indrawi seperti tangkapan para Sahabat terhadap prilaku ekspesif Nabi pada saat datangnya wahyu dan peristiwa-peristiwa sejarah melingkupi Nabi, sementara makna terdalam dan tersembunyi Al-Qur’an, kita berada pada posisi yang sama dengan para sahabat. Hal yang sama berlaku pada tabi’in. asumsi bahwa tabi’in menerima pengetahuan tafsir dari para sahabat sehingga dianggap lebih dekat pada pemahaman terhadap wahyu, juga sesuatu yang diukur berdasarkan cara pandang empiris.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 530,
"width": 428,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Epistemologi tafsir tradisional ini berpotensi melahirkan ektrimisme prilaku keagamaan. Jika epistemologi tafsir tradisional dapat lulus uji ektrimisme beragama maka belum tentu lulus dari ilusi teologis yang menjadi patologi kemanusian secara personal. Tragedi kemanusiaan yang muncul dari pandangan konservatif inilah yang mendorong para modernis Islam menolak adanya satu bentuk apapun, yang menyebut dirinya sebagai kelompok atau penafsiran “Islam yang benar”. 2 Peristiwa-peristiwa berdarah dan konflik di atas mendorong salah satu aspirasi penting modernisme Islam yaitu dengan merayakan pluralitas penafsiran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 720,
"width": 428,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2 Said Agil Husin Al-Munawar, Al-Qur'an Membangun Tradisi Kesalehan Hakiki, Jakarta: Ciputat Press , 2013 , hal. 71.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 429,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tafhim Al- ‘Ilmi : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pemikiran Islam ISSN: 2252-4924, e-ISSN: 2579-7182 Terakreditasi Nasional SK No : 148/M/KPT/2020",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 377,
"top": 66,
"width": 136,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume 14, No. 2 Maret 2023",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "250",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 116,
"width": 428,
"height": 363,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kesadaran keagamaan koservatif ini berpunca pada problem dalam mengenal esensi Al-Qur’an dan kenabian di dalam Islam. Modernism Islam sadar betul akan kelemahan epistemologi tafsir tradisional ini sehingga merancang berbagai bentuk pembacaan kritis dengan masuk pada persoalan lebih mendasar yaitu menjelaskan ulang fenomena kenabian demi menyingkap dimensi sakral dan profan kenabian. namun apa yang pembacaan kalangan modernis khususnya apa yang dilakukan Arkoun dan Abû Zayd masih menyisakan persoalan teologis dan filosofis. Hermeneutika eksistensial transendental Mulla Shadra berupaya mengantisipasi persoalan mendasar ini dengan harapan, terbagun kesadaran keagamaan yang berporos pada ke-di-sini-an manusia, bukan pada ilusi teologis. Pengalaman kenabian harus hadir dalam kemanusiaan kita secara eksistensial. Sehingga identisas agama bukan pemisah bernar salah namun hanya berupa jalan bagi manusia untuk meraih kemanusiaan tinggi dan beradab. Titik perjumpaan realitas eksistensi dari setiap agama adalah pengenalan terhadap kemanusiaan kita, baik pada dimensi eksoterik maupun esoteriknya. Agama harus mampu menembus dimensi perenial sebagai tempat berlabuhnya kemanusiaan kita yang beradab sehingga menjadi tujuan dari seluruh tradisi keagamaan. Tercapainya dimensi sakralitas agama pada wilayah perenial ini dapat mengantisipasi berbagai patologi eksistensial kemanusiaan kita.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 510,
"width": 117,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 530,
"width": 295,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hermeneutika Eksistensial Transcendental Mulla Shadra",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 551,
"width": 428,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Narasi agama yang dibangun kitab suci menjadi sesuatu yang berjarak dengan pengalaman manusia, baik pada masyarakat modern maupun pada masyarakat tradisional yang masih terperangkap dalam kesadaran ilusi teologis. Perkembangan alam kesadaran manusia modern telah berevolusi meninggalkan metafisika. Di sisi realitas agama masih berupa khayalan di umumnya masyarakat tradisional sebagai komunitas mendaku beragama. Keresahan muncul berangkat dari situasi ini. Jarak dimensi transenden esoterik kitab suci dengan pengalaman manusia perlu dicarikan jalan keluar. Dalam kontek inilah rancangan metode hermeneutika perlu ada. Sebagian para teolog gereja berupaya menyusun narasi kitab suci yang mampu terjangkau kesadaran manusia modern sebagai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 429,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tafhim Al- ‘Ilmi : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pemikiran Islam ISSN: 2252-4924, e-ISSN: 2579-7182 Terakreditasi Nasional SK No : 148/M/KPT/2020",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 377,
"top": 66,
"width": 136,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume 14, No. 2 Maret 2023",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "251",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 116,
"width": 428,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "audien, zaman mereka. Itulah yang dilakukan oleh Schleiermacher, Bultman, dan Ricoeur.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 158,
"width": 428,
"height": 280,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jauh sebelum kehadiran eksistensialisme fenomenologis Heidegger yang memeberi perhatian lebih cermat terhadap realitas dasain yang “menjadi”, 3 Mullâ Sadrâ telah memaklumi hal itu namun eksistensialisme Mullâ Sadrâ bersifat transendental sehingga subjek dasain benar-benar lebur dan menyatu dengan realitas pada dirinya. Dengan demikian, hermeneutika Mullâ Sadrâ bukanlah penafsiran tradisional yang hanya berpusat pada teks, bukan pula penafsiran filosofis sebagaimana yang dilakukan oleh para filosof Muslim seperti Ibn Sina dan kalangan peripatetik lainnya, tidak juga memiliki kemiripan dengan epistemologi filsafat Barat tertentu sebagaimana hal itu banyak mengilhami para muslim modernis. Seperti, hermeneutika Emilio Betti yang diadopsi oleh Fazlur Rahman atau hermeneutika dekonstruksi Derrida yang digunakan oleh Muhammed Arkoun dan lainya. Bukan juga hermeneutika Hans Gadamer dalam menafsirkan Al-Qur’an sebagaimana ditawarkan oleh Massimo Campanini. 4 Konsep hermeneutika Mullâ Sadrâ bersandar pada fondasi filsafat eksistensialisme transendental ( Hikmah Muta’âliyah ) yang dibangunnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 448,
"width": 429,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hermeneutika Mullâ Sadrâ merujuk kepada konsep tafsir dan takwilnya yang menjadi salah satu varian dari pendekatan hermeneutika. Terma eksistensialisme sebagaimana dinyatakan di atas adalah kata yang mengandung pengertian bahwa dasar dari seluruh realitas kembali kepada pengalaman keberadaan mengada jiwa. Istilah transendental secara leksikal merujuk pada suatu mode filsafat kenabian yang diistilahkan dengan al-Hikmah al-Muta'âliyyah yang diajukan Mullâ Shadrâ. Mode filsafat hasil sintesa kreatif dari berbagai elemen pemikiran Islam di antaranya 'irfan kenabian, filsafat,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 625,
"width": 428,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3 Richard E. Palmer di dalam bukunya Hermeneutics, menjelaskan bahwa hermeneutika yang dimaksud Heidegger-Gadamer bukanlah proses rekonstrusi makna oleh subjek atas objek. Hermeneutika justru merupakan “cara mengada manusia itu sendiri”. Hermeneutka yang sebelumnya merupakan sekumpulan teori pemahaman atas teks telah bergerak jauh menuju investigasi filsafat demi menyingkap proses gerak ontologis di dalam diri manusia itu sendiri. Richard E. Palmer, Hermeneutics: Interpretation Theory in Scheiermacher, Dilthey, Heidegger and Gadamer , Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1988, Cet. 8, hal.163 . Lawrence K. Schmidt, Understanding Hermeneutics , Trowbridge: Cromwell Press, 2006, Cet. 1, hal. 98-99.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 733,
"width": 428,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4 Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Islamic Philosophy from it's Origin to The Present: Philosophy in The Land of Prophecy , New York: State University of New York Press, 2006, hal. 224.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 429,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tafhim Al- ‘Ilmi : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pemikiran Islam ISSN: 2252-4924, e-ISSN: 2579-7182 Terakreditasi Nasional SK No : 148/M/KPT/2020",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 377,
"top": 66,
"width": 136,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume 14, No. 2 Maret 2023",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "252",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 116,
"width": 428,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "toelogi, Al-Qur’an dan hadis. Seyyed Hossein Nasr mentransliterasi istilah al-Hikmah al- Muta'âliyyah menjadi Teosofi Transendental ( transcendental theosophy ). Namun jika philosophy dikembalikan pemaknaannya pada tradisi Yunani era Pitagoras dan Parmanides, maka kita dapat mentransliterasinya menjadi Filsafat Transendental ( transcendental philosophy ).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 220,
"width": 428,
"height": 363,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Terma eksistensialis transendental merupakan istilah untuk menggambarkan terjadinya situasi peleburan jiwa secara total antara subjek mufasir dengan realitas eksistensi yang dirujuk teks melalui gerak tran-substansial hingga tidak ada lagi yang eksis kecuali pusat realitas ( al-Haq ). Pusat eksistensial ini diistilahkan dalam tradisi ‘irfân Islam sebagai Wujûd al-Haq . Peleburan itu dalam tradisi Ibn ‘Arabî dikenal dengan istilah wahdat al-wujûd . Karena takwil Mullâ Sadrâ tidak hanya berhenti pada penalaran filosofis namun bersandar pada realitas konkretnya yang tegak pada realitas eksternal ekstra mental maka seorang mufasir sebagai subjek juga menjadi objek penyingkapan oleh dirinya sendiri dan atas dirinya sendiri. Bahkan dalam pandangan Mullâ Shadrâ, subjek dan objek lebur dalam ketunggalan eksistensi esoterik transendental jiwa. Setiap subjek mufassir masih terperangkap pada horizon tertentu, manakala korespondensi dialektik antara subjek dengan teks masih berlangsung. Namun korespondensi meraih makna mental konseptual ini, perlu dilakukan sebagai langkah membangun keterarahan jiwa untuk terjun pada pengalaman langsung alam penyatuan esoterik transendental. Proses menyelesaikan problem hermeneutik tersebut, bagi Mullâ Sadrâ adalah dengan melakukan gerak eksistensial yaitu gerak “menjadi” dari tran-substansi jiwa menuju hakikat realitas sebagaimana yang dialami Nabi secara langsung, sebagaimana yang ditunjuk oleh Al-Qur’an melalui ayat-ayatnya dalam bimbingan 'irfan kenabian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 593,
"width": 428,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bagi Mullâ Shadrâ pengalaman keberadaan mengalir dalam suatu mode gerak transubstansial. Runtuhnya kesadaran dualitas subjek-objek hermeneutika ontologis Heidegger, dilanjutkan dalam hermeneutika eksistensial transendental menuju proyeksi pada titik aktualitas puncaknya. Titik, dimana tidak ada lagi yang eksis kecuali realitas tunggal, segalanya telah lebur dalam ketunggalan Pusat eksistensial. Sedangkan yang dimaksud terma transendental di sini bukanlah alam rasio filsafat Kantian namun transendental di sini merupakan istilah untuk menjelaskan struktur konseptual gerak transubstansial yang bersifat “menjadi”, yang eksistensinya melampaui alam materi, alam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 429,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tafhim Al- ‘Ilmi : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pemikiran Islam ISSN: 2252-4924, e-ISSN: 2579-7182 Terakreditasi Nasional SK No : 148/M/KPT/2020",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 377,
"top": 66,
"width": 136,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume 14, No. 2 Maret 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "253",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 116,
"width": 428,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "mental imajinasi fenomenologis, alam rasio murni matematis dan alam konseptual universal filosofis. Gerak transendental trans-substansial ( al-harakah al-jahariyyah ) adalah sebagaimana yang aspirasi tertinggi penyingkapan realitas di dalam tradisi ‘ 'irfan dan tashawuf .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 199,
"width": 429,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dalam aplikasinya yang bersifat teknis, takwil Mullâ Sadrâ mengantisipasi interaksi hermeneutik antara penafsir dengan teks-teks keagamaan dalam gagasan Paul Ricoeur. Sebagaimana dinyatakan oleh Ricoeur bahwa teks keagamaan yang bersifat simbolik memiliki struktur makna yang mana di dalam makna primernya yang literal dan langsung, terdapat makna sekundernya yang tidak langsung sehingga makna sekundernya hanya dapat dipahami melalui makna literal primernya. 5 Melalui zahir teks Al-Qur’an, menurut Mullâ Sadrâ, manusia dapat berjalan melalui gerak tran-substansial jiwa menuju hakikat sejatinya yang hakikat sejati manusia itu juga hakikat realitas teks Al-Qur’an. Maksudnya, hakikat sejati manusia berada dalam ketunggalan realitas ( wahdat al-wujûd ) dengan hakikat realitas yang ditunjuk oleh ayat-ayat (tanda) Al-Qur’an.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 406,
"width": 428,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hermeneutika eksistensial transendental selaras dengan hermeneutika Paul Ricour dari aspek, menganalisis unsur subjektif dan ojektivitas dari teks yang diteliti yaitu ketika tugas hermeneutika adalah mengungkap posibilitas makna yang tersusun dari teks yang bersifat simbolik. Metode hermeneutika Paul Ricour mencoba untuk tetap mempertahankan aspek subjektif dan objektivitas teks dengan memadukan antara keduanya dalam memahami teks dan fenomena kemanusiaan. Aspek ojektif yang tidak bisa dinafikan dari teks yang diadvokasi oleh Ricoeur adalah aspek otonomi semantik dari teks. Ini merupakan titik kesepakatan hermeneutika eksistensial transendental dengan hermeneutika Ricoeur.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 593,
"width": 428,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sebagaimana dimaklumi di dalam tradisi hermeneutika di Barat bahwa masih terdapat ketegangan antara metode penafsiran teks sebagaimana diajukan Hermeneutika Teori Scleiermacher dan Dilthey dangan kajian tentang substansi memahami dan analisa struktur Dasain sebagaimana diajukan oleh Hermeneutika ontologis Heidegger dan Gadamer. Ketegangan ini di dalam hermeneutika eksistensial transendental mendapatkan penyelesain dengan mensintesakan keduanya. tentu saja sintesa ini berangkat dari asumsi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 733,
"width": 425,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5 Akhyar Yusuf Lubis, Filsafat Ilmu dan Metodologi Posmodernis , Bogor: Akademia, 2004, hal. 121- 127.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 429,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tafhim Al- ‘Ilmi : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pemikiran Islam ISSN: 2252-4924, e-ISSN: 2579-7182 Terakreditasi Nasional SK No : 148/M/KPT/2020",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 377,
"top": 66,
"width": 136,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume 14, No. 2 Maret 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "254",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 116,
"width": 428,
"height": 239,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "metafisik yang berbeda dan melahirkan mode hermeneutikanya tersendiri. Setiap aktifitas penafsiran menurut hermeneutika eksistensial transendental memerlukan dua tahap pengenalan yaitu pertama tahap kajian tentang substansi memahami secara umum dan analisa struktur keberadaannya. Pada tahapan ini problem filosofis penafsiran akan mengemukan yaitu “jarak” antara subjek mufasir dengan pesan yang dikandung teks. Setelah substansi memahami dan struktur mengada Dasain mufasir pada ruang faktisitas tertentu disadari barulah kemudian aktifitas bergerak menemukan metode yang memungkinkan bagi proses penafsiran untuk mengkontruksi ulang makna yang terkandung di dalam teks. Prinsip reproduksi makna dari Hermeneutika Teori dan prinsip produksi makna dalam hermeneutika ontologis diakui dan ditempatkan pada posisinya masing-masing dalam proses takwil Mullâ Shadrâ. Namun tentu dengan mengambil mode sintesanya sendiri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 365,
"width": 428,
"height": 280,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dalam konteks kaum beragama, Hermeneutika perlu hadir untuk melepaskan penjara kesadaran ilusi teologi dari masyarakat Timur tradisional penganut agama termasuk masyarakat muslim. Hal inilah yang mendorong aspirasi kritis hermeneutika muslim modernis terhadap tafsir tradisional. Hermeneutika eksistensial transendental melanjutkan aspirasi kritis hermeneutika muslim modernis ini, namun sebagaimana juga telah diterangkan, proyek modernism Islam belum menyentuh wilayah mendasar esoterik transendental kemanusiaan kita. Akibatnya modernisme Islam semacam ini akan terperangkap pada ilusi teologi yang sama. Hal inilah yang mendorong penulis untuk menyempurnakan proyek modernisme Islam melalui menerangkan bagaimana realitas kenabian berlangsung melalui hermeneutika eksistensial transendental Mullâ Shadrâ. Penulis mengasumsikan metode tafsir yang lebih komprehensif dapat dilahirkan berangkat dari dialektika ini. Lebih komprehensif maksudnya, menyatukan antara pengetahuan berupa penalaran filosofis, dangan realisasi eksistensial transendental yang dituntut melalui penalaran itu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 652,
"width": 428,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hermeneutika eksistensial transendental ( ta’wîl al-Hikmah al-Muta’âliyyah ) merupakan pemaduan merupakan antara kontemplasi terhadap teks Al-Qur’an, penyelidikan diskursif filosofis, dan gerak trans-substansi penyucian jiwa, menuju pusat eksistensi yang tidak lain adalah realitas yang ingin dituju oleh Al-Qur’an dan kenabian. Hermeneutika eksistensial transendental menuntut para penelitinya untuk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 429,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tafhim Al- ‘Ilmi : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pemikiran Islam ISSN: 2252-4924, e-ISSN: 2579-7182 Terakreditasi Nasional SK No : 148/M/KPT/2020",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 377,
"top": 66,
"width": 136,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume 14, No. 2 Maret 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "255",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 116,
"width": 428,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "mengkontemplaskannya lebih jauh bagi posibilitas makna yang tidak terbatas dalam suasana keterbukaan gerak eksistensial jiwa. Metode ini di Barat lebih dekat dan lebih dikenal dengan Hermeneutika Hendry Corbin. Hermeneutika Corbin merupakan “pemaduan antara pemahaman filsafat dengan realisasi spiritual personal sebagai dua komponen yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dalam mengapresiasi fenomena Islam pada dimensinya yang paling esensial”. 6",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 241,
"width": 429,
"height": 259,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hermeneutika eksistensial transendental Mulla Shadra berupaya membawa wawasan tafsir tradisonal yang berkarakter teologis literalistik untuk dapat naik mentransendensikan wujud dirinya sebagai mufasir agar dapat menjangkau esensi kenabian yang nyata pada realitas eksternal dengan melampaui jurang gambaran teologis hasil ilusi alam mental, hanya berupa “katanya”, “kata al-Qur’an”, “kata nabi” menuju realitas yang teralami secara langsung bersifat eksistensial, yang nyata pada realitas ekstra mental baik dalam diri berdimensi esoteris maupun di luar diri berdimensi empiris. Ini sekaligus mengafirmasi wasiat yang ada di dalam tradisi bahwa “persoalan-persoalan akidah ( ushûl al-dîn ) tidak boleh taqlid ” sehinga ilmiah pada masing-masing diri yang menjalani dan mengalami. Perkara-peraka yang tercakup dalam operating system jiwa ( nafs ) manusia, yang sebagaimana dalam tradisi digambarkan sebagai jalan untuk menyingkap realitas ketuhanan, “sesiapa saja yang mengenal realitas dirinya (jiwa) maka benar-benar mengenal Tuhannya” ( man ‘arafa nafsa hu faqad ‘arafa rabba hu ).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 510,
"width": 428,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Di pihak lain berpotensi melanjutkan aspirasi hermeneutika muslim modernis yaitu membuka “keran pembebasan eksistensi” dari kungkungan ilusi ortodoksi menuju “pencerahan” akan realitas manusia, Tuhan, dan alam sehinga Islam dapat menjadi agama yang ilmiah dan bersifat universal sebagaimana diharapkan proyek modernisme Islam. Melalui proyek rekonstrusksi ini, realitas dari esensi al-Qur’an dan kenabian yang merupakan fondasi dari agama dapat difahami melalui nalar ilmiah dan bersifat universal. Meski keilmiahan dan keuniversalan agama, menuntut kesiapan aktualisasi melalui jalan realisasi wujud diri yang pada tiap-tiap agama memiliki metodologinya masing-masing sesuai dengan banyaknya paket-paket syariat yang dibawa oleh masing-masing kenabian. Namun realitas agama pada wilayah ushul al-din merupakan dimensi perenial yang hadir",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 732,
"width": 428,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6 A Josep Dorairaj, “Paul Ricoeur`s Hermeneutics of The Text”, dalam Indian Philosophical Quarterly , Volume. XXVI, No. 4, Tahun. 2000, hal. 406.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 429,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tafhim Al- ‘Ilmi : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pemikiran Islam ISSN: 2252-4924, e-ISSN: 2579-7182 Terakreditasi Nasional SK No : 148/M/KPT/2020",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 377,
"top": 66,
"width": 136,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume 14, No. 2 Maret 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "256",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 116,
"width": 428,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "pada seluruh agama yang benar, berasal dari Tuhan dan melalui silsilah kerasulan. Pada dimensi perenial inilah realitas ilmiah dan universalnya yang harus dikerjar yang merupakan harapan dari kita semua umat beragama yang menjadi aspirasi terdalam dari modernism Islam hermeneutika muslim modernis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 199,
"width": 428,
"height": 384,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Realitas eksistensi manusia bersifat double nature , sepertinya belum clear dalam pemikiran Abû Zayd dan Arkoun. Sehingga keduanya hanya mengafirmasi dimensi keterbatasan, relatif dan transient dari manusia tanpa diikuti dengan pengafirmasian atas aspek batinnya yang memiliki potensi transendensi yang tidak terbatas. Dengan kata lain, manusia memang terbatas pada aspek lahirnya, sebagai konsekuensi dari penyatuannya dengan alam materi, namun demikian, manusia juga memiliki aspek transenden dan tidak terbatas yang bertempat pada batinnya. Dan kesempurnaan spesies manusia bukan ditinjau dari aspek lahirnya namun dari aspek batinnya (jiwanya). Dari kesempurnaan aspek jiwanya tegaklah spesies manusia, tanpa itu yaitu dengan hanya melihat aspek lahir manusia maka manusia cenderung identik dengan “hewan yang sedikit lebih cerdas”. Karena itulah, para filsuf mendefinisikan manusia dengan “hewan yang berakal budi” ( al- hayawân an-nâthiq ). Hewan adalah genus manusia sedangkan diferensianya adalah berakal. Definisi ini mengungkapkan Aktualitas manusia merupakan spesies dari jenis hewan, itu artinya manusia secara aktual sebangsa dengan hewan namun demikian manusia juga memiliki potensi mentransendensikan jiwanya menuju eksistensi yang tidak terbatas. Realitas jiwa manusia merupakan esensi dari insan atau dengan kata lain merupakan penegak spesies mansusia. Manusia disebut manusia karena jiwanya yaitu kemampuan mentransendensikan substansi jiwanya menuju hakikat yang tidak terbatas, realitas ketuhanan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 593,
"width": 428,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Setiap Eksistensi yang kita temui di alam berada dalam tingkatan gradasional, yang masing-masing tersusun dalam tingkat batas aktualitasnya masing-masing. Tingkat yang lebih rendah akan bergerak menuju kesempurnaanya bagi gerak penyempurnaan pada tingkat eksistensi di atasnya. Insan menempati posisi teratas dalam gradasi eksistensi. Seluruh eksistensi bergerak mengeluarkan kesempurnaanya untuk dapat membantu insan menuju derajat batas aktualitas kesempurnanya. Kesmpurnaan manusia adalah kembali melebur ke dalam realitas al-Haq sebagai sumber atau pusat seluruh eksistensi, al-wujûd al-wâjib .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 429,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tafhim Al- ‘Ilmi : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pemikiran Islam ISSN: 2252-4924, e-ISSN: 2579-7182 Terakreditasi Nasional SK No : 148/M/KPT/2020",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 377,
"top": 66,
"width": 136,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume 14, No. 2 Maret 2023",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "257",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 116,
"width": 428,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hermeneutika Ekistensial Transendental Sebagai Jalan Metodik Menyingkap Kemanusian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 158,
"width": 428,
"height": 259,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Prosedur atau pendekatan penafsiran tertentu atas teks yang hanya bersifat analisis kebahasaan yang dikaitkan dengan konteks historisnya, tidak disebut dengan hermeneutika (filsafat penafsiran), melainkan metode tafsir ( exegesis ). Eksegesis didefinisikan sebagai proses penelitian sistematis dalam menemukan makna rasional dan koheren melalui teks dan konteks historis teks. Aktivitas eksegesis meliputi dua aspek, aspek gramatis teks dan aspek kontek historis teks. Eksegesis melakukan penafsiran melalui jalan menemukan makna dengan menggunakan aspek gramatis literal teks dan mengaitkannya dengan konteks historis teks. Kita baru menyebutnya hermeneutika, manakala konstruksi makna teks masuk ke dalam penjelasan tentang perjalanan kesadaran eksistensial (gerak ontologis) mufasir. Hermeneutika lebih jauh berupaya masuk pada: (1) kedalaman eksistensial diri pengarang (atau pembicara), (2) struktur ontologi keberadaan penafsir, dan (3) relasi keduanya, sehingga memungkinkan posibilitas pemahaman dan aktualitas pengenalan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 424,
"width": 428,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "“Jarak” pemahaman dan kehadiran yang membentang antara kedalaman eksistensi pengarang dan struktur ontologi mufasir, menjadi titik pusat problem yang ingin diselesaikan melalui “pembacaan” hermeneutika. Problem hermeneutika merupakan subjek pembahasan ( subject matter ) yang menjadi ranah khusus studi hermeneutika, dengan kata lain suatu perbincangan tidak dapat dikategorikan sebagai hermeneutika tanpa membahas problem hermeneutika.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 551,
"width": 428,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kesadaran untuk melibatkan sekaligus domain tafsir ( exegesis ) dan filsafat penafsiran (Hermenutika) sering terjadi di dalam diskursus hermeneutika. Demarkasi antara tafsir dan hermeneutika (filsafat penafsiran), berada pada wilayah perujukan maknanya. Berdasarkan wilayah perujukan maknanya, tindakan pembacaan terbagi ke dalam dua kategori (1) wilayah perujukan maknanya pada alam mental dan (2) wilayah perujukan maknanya pada realitas ekstra mental bersifat eksistensial. Wilayah tafsir hanya pada ranah mengkonstruksi penunjukan makna dari aspek kebahasaan teks melalui konteks historis teks (domain 1). Makna yang muncul dari aspek kebahasaan teks hanya berupa esensi-esensi kognisi alam mental. Sementara hermeneutika menyimpan makna proses penyingkapan, mulai dari penafsiran gramatis kebahasaan teks dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 429,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tafhim Al- ‘Ilmi : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pemikiran Islam ISSN: 2252-4924, e-ISSN: 2579-7182 Terakreditasi Nasional SK No : 148/M/KPT/2020",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 377,
"top": 66,
"width": 136,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume 14, No. 2 Maret 2023",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "258",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 116,
"width": 428,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kontekstualisasi historisnya, menyingkap fenomena psikologi pengarang melalui empati, hingga sampai pada tinjauan atas ontologi subjek penafsir.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 158,
"width": 428,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ranah kebahasaan, ranah psikologis, dan ranah pengalaman dasar-dasar eksistensi, merupakan aktualisasi jiwa yang tunggal melalui derajat fakultas-fakultasnya. Jika berangkat dari prinsip aktualisasi jiwa yang tunggal pada masing-masing fakultasnya maka sudah seharusnya hermeneutika dapat menyusun dan menjelaskan seluruh fenomen realitas yang hadir pada setiap tingkat fakultas jiwanya. Dalam menjalankan tugasnya ini, hermeneutika bergerak menyingkap makna pada kedua wilayah di atas, bergerak dari teks menuju konsep-konsep gambaran mental, dari simbol menuju pemahaman, selanjutnya gambaran mental merujuk atau menuntut realisasinya pada gerak substansi jiwa bersifat eksistensial (dari pemahaman menuju pengenalan).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 344,
"width": 429,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gerak penyingkapan hermeneutik dari teks menuju pemahaman, memerlukan pembahasan aspek eksegesis sebagai tangga awal dalam menyingkap makna pada tataran pengalaman kehadiran “ke-disini-an” jiwa bersifat eksistensial (wilayah pengenalan). Karenanya, ranah tafsir ( eksegesis ) juga merupakan bagian integral dari proses hermeneutika. Penyingkapan makna meliputi dua wilayah, wilayah makna berupa konsep bersifat mental dan wilayah makna “keber-Ada-an” bersifat eksistensial. Ranah metode eksegesis berupaya menyingkap muatan pada wilayah makna hanya pada wilayah mental. Sementara ranah peninjauan struktur ontologi “keber-Ada-an”, dalam artian menyingkap sistem interior wujud diri (fenomena esoterik/batin) hingga dapat terarah pada pengalaman kehadiran langsung bersifat eksistensial, merupakan poros dari proses pembacaan hermeneutik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 569,
"width": 429,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dalam mistisisme Islam secara umum dan Mullâ Shadrâ secara khusus, “keber- Ada-an” ( wujûd )) menjadi poros fondasi perdebatan wacana. Realitas “keber-Ada-an” ini mengunakan istilah kenyataan eksistensi ( ḥaqîqah al-wujûd ). Mullâ Shadrâ membedakan secara tegas kenyataan eksistensi ( ḥaqîqah al-wujûd ) dengan konsep eksistensi ( mafhûm al-wujûd ). Perbedaan keduanya terletak pada perujukan realitas serta saluran epistemologis yang digunakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 696,
"width": 428,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Realitas eksistensi merupakan kenyataan keber-ada-an (wujud diri) pada dirinya sebagaimana adanya pada realitas ektra mental, yang hadir dan teralami secara langsung melalui pengalaman keteringkapannya. Realitas eksistensi tentu saja dapat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 429,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tafhim Al- ‘Ilmi : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pemikiran Islam ISSN: 2252-4924, e-ISSN: 2579-7182 Terakreditasi Nasional SK No : 148/M/KPT/2020",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 377,
"top": 66,
"width": 136,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume 14, No. 2 Maret 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "259",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 116,
"width": 428,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dikomunikasikan namun sifat dari komunikasi bagi realitas eksistensi hanyalah sebagai bahasa simbolik yang tidak akan berarti apapun kecuali menangkap kenyataan yang menjadi rujukannya dalam bentuk penyingkapan langsung yang berbada mode mengadanya dengan aktifitas mental konseptual. Karena itulah mengapa mitologi yang menggunakan bahasa simbolik tidak dapat diakses melalui penalaran rasional filosofis. Bahasa simbolik hanya berupa kode-kode misteri yang membutuhkan perjalanan peyelidikan yang melibatkan seluruh kemampuan, seluruh saluran-saluran epistemik pengetahuan dan pengenalan dari kemanusiaan kita.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 282,
"width": 428,
"height": 259,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hermeneutika sebagaimana telah dijelaskan sebelumnya, merupakan bidang kajian yang bersifat general, tercakup ke dalam substansi memahami secara umum yang artinya setara dengan filsafat itu sendiri sebagaimana yang diajukan Heidegger. Melalui Mullâ Shadrâ seseorang memiliki potensi untuk mensintesakan ragam gagasan hermeneutika yang berkembang di Barat maupun mode hermeneutika yang berkembang dalam tradisi agama. Meski sintesa dengan mengambil jalannya sendiri. Asumsi dasar yang ingin diketengahkan adalah, bahwa setiap manusia yang berpikir tentang sesuatu, pasti memiliki pijakan realitas pada wilayahnya masing-masing. Meski terkadang masih bercampur dengan ilusi pada alam mental. Tugas berikutnya menemukan realitas itu (wilayah realitasnya) dan kemudian menyusunnya dalam suatu kesatuan harmonis yang berkorespondensi dengan realitas luar yang merupakan rujukannya. Sintesa filosofis ini diharapkan mampu menggambarkan kenyataan dalam pengalaman manusia yang bertingkat dan beragam itu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 551,
"width": 431,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Persepsi terhadap alam material, alam abstraksi imajinasi, alam abstraksi rasional logis, dan alam estimasi psikologis, masih mengandaikan adanya dualitas. Eksistensialisme transendental memaklumkan adanya gerak trans-substansial jiwa, sebagaimana menjadi aspirasi dari tradisi ‘ 'irfan dan tasawuf . Gerak transendental tran- substansial sebagaimana dilangungkan oleh Hermeneutika Mullâ Shadrâ, bergerak menuju struktur terdalam eksistensi (pusat eksistensial). Ketersingkapan dalam wilayah ini meruntuhkan dualitas secara total.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 696,
"width": 428,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kesadaran filsafat Agama dimana Islam ada disana, tidak pernah terpisahkan dari situasi umum para filsufnya yang tidak pernah kehingan makna akan perjalanan mereka sebagai manusia yang berjalan di alam transendental jiwa. Artinya mereka hidup dalam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 429,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tafhim Al- ‘Ilmi : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pemikiran Islam ISSN: 2252-4924, e-ISSN: 2579-7182 Terakreditasi Nasional SK No : 148/M/KPT/2020",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 377,
"top": 66,
"width": 136,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume 14, No. 2 Maret 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "260",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 116,
"width": 429,
"height": 198,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kesadaran dunia spiritual. Mereka tidak tunduk pada data-data yang muncul dalam kesadaran umum yang “tak sadar”. Kesadarannya harus diletakkan “disini”, bukan “disana”, mengikuti aliran data-data itu. Filsuf-filsuf Timur memilih untuk mengajukan tugak-tugas filosofis meski sampai akhir hayat mereka tidak mampu menyingkapnya, ketimbang tunduk pada aliran data objek-objek material itu. Inilah sikap gentleman yang dicontohkan oleh kesadaran filosofis Timur. 7 Namun filsuf dan eksistensialis 'irfan juga menjaga jarak dari mode penalaran teologi yang belum terbuktikan secara langsung pada “kedisinian” dan “kekinian” eksistensi. Mereka sentiasa mawas diri terhadap doktrin teologi yang membawa pada ilusi dan delusi alam mental, sebagaimana gejala umum yang menimpa umat beragama.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 323,
"width": 429,
"height": 363,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Istilah falsafah dan faylasûf yang merupakan transkripsi (pengaraban) langsung dari istilah Yunani, philo dan Sophos , menurut Henry Corbin tidak setara dengan philosophy dan philosopher dalam tradisi “pencerahan” Eropa Modern. Muatan makna dari kata hikmah yang dikandung oleh kata falsafah , setara dengan Sophia dalam tradisi Yunani. Sementara kata al-Hikmah al-Ilahiyyah setara dengan teosophia (Yunani) yang berarti hikmah ketuhanan. 8 Hikmah berasal dari kata Hakama dapat berarti “memisahkan”, “memutuskan”, “menengahi” “menetapkan”, “memerintah”, “mengatur”, “menyempurnakan”. Jika dirangkai muatan arti dari kata Hakama maka didapati bahwa adanya suatu kualitas yang memungkinkan subjek mampu membedakan atau memisahkan mana realitas dan mana ilusi, pada setiap tingkatan alamnya. Kemampuan memisahkan ini sebagai hasil dari penyingkapan atas realitas. Realitas benar-benar teralami dan hadir pada wujud diri (eksistensi) subjek. Kehadiran dan pengalaman ini menempatkannya bukan hanya tahu tapi sampai pada derajat benar-benar kenal akan realitas sebagaimana adanya. Kesempurnaan pengenalan yang sampai pada batas tertinggi aktualisasinya hingga mencapai realitas sebagaimana adanya. Dalam artian, telah berada dalam kemenyatuan dengan realitas, melampaui dualitas subjek-objek tindakan mengetahui. Karenanya dalam kata hikmah memuat perjalan linear menangkap realitas alam material empiris, alam jiwa immaterial transendental dan realitas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 719,
"width": 428,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "7 F. Budi Hardiman, Seni Memahami: Hermeneutika dari Schleiermacher Sampai Derrida , Sleman: Kanisius, 2015, hal. 136",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 746,
"width": 241,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "8 Henry Corbin, History of lslamic Philosophy … , hal. xv.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 429,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tafhim Al- ‘Ilmi : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pemikiran Islam ISSN: 2252-4924, e-ISSN: 2579-7182 Terakreditasi Nasional SK No : 148/M/KPT/2020",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 377,
"top": 66,
"width": 136,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume 14, No. 2 Maret 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "261",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 116,
"width": 429,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "transendental esoterik pada dirinya sebagaimana adanya. Hal itu berlangsung dengan mengaktifkan seluruh daya-daya fakultatif jiwa melalui penalaran akliah filosofis dan 'irfan kenabian sekaligus. Karena telah mampu memisahkan realitas dan ilusi, sebagai hasil dari pengenalannya akan realitas, subjek mampu menempatkan segala sesuatu pada tempatnya ( adab ). Adab merupakan turunan dari hikmah . Kemampuan adab inilah yang membawa hakim ( faylusuf /filsuf) mampu menetapkan, mengatur dan memerintah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 241,
"width": 429,
"height": 300,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rahasia terdalam dari kata hikmah adalah perjalanan eksistensial transendental yang sampai pada mode kemenyatuan antara subjek penyingkap dengan objek realitas yang disingkap hingga keduanya tidak lagi dapat dibedakan. Implikasinya, mode penyingkapan ini mensyaratkan “kematian” wujud diri subjek penyingkap sehingga realitas dapat sepenuhnya dan sempurna, tersingkap. “Kematian” bermakna tunduk sebenarnya, membuka diri dan memperkenankan kekuatan aktualitas kemahaan Tuhan untuk melangsungkan kenyataanya melalui wujud diri manusia. Pada stase tertinggi kemanusiaan inilah bertempat titik puncak aktualitas transendensi pengalaman kenabian dan kewalian. Pada pengalaman kenabian dan kewalian ini, manusia sepenuhnya hanya sebagai instrumen dalam melangsungkan kehendak, perbuatan, dan perintah Tuhan, sebagai sumber penjadian dan kreatifitas. Sehingga kemampuan supra yang dimiliki manusia pada stase ini, bukan dari dirinya. Ianya telah “mati”. Seluruh daya dan kemampuan yang hadir padanya tidak lain merupakan hasil dari keterhubungannya ( wushul ) dengan realitas kekuatan kemahaan Tuhan. Sehingga wajar pada subjek manusia seperti ini mampu “menyempurnakan” melalui misi kerasulan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 549,
"width": 429,
"height": 199,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tradisi kesarjanaan muslim yang terpelajar, telah memiliki “kedewasaan” dalam menyerap hikmah dari berbagai tradisi meski banyak juga yang belum mencapai kematangan itu dari kalangan yang “berdiam” pada ilusi penalaran teologis yang sempit. Kedewasaan ini terekam dalam pandangan-pandangan para sejarahwan muslim sebagai representasi dari cabang keilmuan yang beredar luas. Mulai dari Syahrastânî abad ke-12 M hingga Qutb al-Din Asykivarî abad ke-17M, telah terpelihara pandangan bahwa hikmah (kebijaksanaan) dari para bijak bestari Yunani, juga berasal dari “cahaya kenabian”. hal itulah yang mengantarkan penyelidikan filsafat di dalam Islam mengarah pada kontemplasi dan meditasi atas realitas fundamental kenabian, beserta segenap problem dan situasi hermeneutik yang menjadi implikasinya. Karenanya, filsafat di dalam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 429,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tafhim Al- ‘Ilmi : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pemikiran Islam ISSN: 2252-4924, e-ISSN: 2579-7182 Terakreditasi Nasional SK No : 148/M/KPT/2020",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 377,
"top": 66,
"width": 136,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume 14, No. 2 Maret 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "262",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 116,
"width": 428,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "tradisi muslim, tidak pernah terpisah dari kenabian sehingga dapatlah dikatakan bahwa filsafat Islam adalah filsafat kenabian. 9 Namun muatan makna yang dikandung dari istilah filsafat kenabian adalah upaya mentransendensikan penalaran filosofis Aristotelian (peripatetik) hingga sampai pada jalan realisasi dan aktualisasi diri 'irfan kenabian sebagaimana dijalankan oleh para sufi (eksistensialis 'irfan ). Filsafat kenabian mengkritik nalar teologi para teolog karena fondasi mode berfikir teolog telah membuat jarak dengan realitas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 261,
"width": 428,
"height": 342,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bagi para eksistensialis fenomenologis kitab suci dan realitas perujukannya pada pengalaman keagamaan manusia dapat menjadi sumber kontemplasi filsafat. Di dalam kitab suci termasuk Al-Qur’an, banyak topik yang menjadi isu bersama antara agama dan filsafat. Seperti misalnya: topik tentang eksistensi jiwa, karakteristik immaterial jiwa dan transendensinya, tentang pusat atau sumber eksistensi (dalam agama di istilahkan dengan Tuhan) dengan seluruh karakteristikNya, kebebasan dan takdir manusia, kualitas kesementaraan alam material, kehidupan pasca kematian, dan sebagainya. 10 Topik-topik ini dapat masuk menjadi bagian dari kontemplasi filsafat. Namun filsafat ini bukan hanya dengan mengabstraksi makna teks yang menghasilkan konsep-konsep mental, melainkan dengan cara melanjutkan perujukan maknanya pada fenomen-fenomen eksistensial jiwa hingga menelisik dimensi-dimensi tersembunyi di baliknya. Mode filsafat yang melangsungkan proses penyingkapan pengalaman Transenden manusia melalui 'irfan kenabian. Mode filsafat Eksistensialis fenomenologis Henry Corbin memiliki kesiapan epistomologis untuk menjumpai bentuk-bentuk fenomen kesadaran “asing” ini, situasi para-psikologis manusia. Hal itu membawa potensi besar bagi seorang eksistensialis fenomenologis untuk merambah wilayah-wilayah baru penyelidikan filsafat yang ‘tak terduga”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 613,
"width": 428,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mulla Shadra banyak menyerap unsur-unsur filsafat Aristoteles, Plotinus dan peripatetik khususnya ibn Sina, Shadra kritis terhadap wacana-wacana teologi sebelumnya namun sangat mempertimbangkan pandangan al-Dawani dan Nasiruddin at- Tusi. Shadra banyak terinspirasi dari filsafat iluminasi Suhrawardî dan berhutang banyak",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 719,
"width": 428,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "9 Ali Asgariyazdi, “Characteristics of Islamic Philosophy”, dalam Existenz . Vol. 7, No. 1, Tahun, 2012, hal. 58.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 746,
"width": 306,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "10 Ali Asgariyazdi, “Characteristics of Islamic Philosophy” … , hal. 57.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 429,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tafhim Al- ‘Ilmi : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pemikiran Islam ISSN: 2252-4924, e-ISSN: 2579-7182 Terakreditasi Nasional SK No : 148/M/KPT/2020",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 377,
"top": 66,
"width": 136,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume 14, No. 2 Maret 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "263",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 116,
"width": 428,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "pada 'irfan Ibn Arabî. Terakhir, yang menjadi ruh dari filsafat eksistensial transendental ( al-Hikmah al-Muta’âliyah ) Mulla Shadra adalah penyelidikan filosofis dan pengenalan akan realitas yang diarahkan oleh Al-Qur’an dan tradisi kenabian melalui jalur Imam Dua Belas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 199,
"width": 428,
"height": 322,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peran akal dalam interaksinya dalam memahami Al-Qur`an dipahami secara beragam sepanjang tradisi pemikiran Islam. Sebagian kalangan melarang penggunaan ilmu akliah dalam artian intrumen logika aristotelian dalam memahami teks Al-Qur`an. Pandangan ini diadopsi oleh mazhab literalis ( ahlu al-zhâhir ) yang hanya membatasi penggalian teks Al-Qur`an hanya pada zahir ayat yang kemudian perujukan realitasnya ditafsirkan pada fenomena konkret material atau ditafsirkan melalui nalar teologis yang berjarak dengan realitas eksistensinya. Apa yang tertangkap subjek mufasir hanyalah konsep-konsep mental, sebagai sesuatu yang diyakini ada “disana” namun tidak pernah tersentuh oleh pengalaman personalnya. Sementara Mullâ Shadrâ, menggunakan filsafat (dalam wilayah jakauannya) dan 'irfan kebanian sebagai sumber utama pengetahuannya. Hal itu karena mereka berpandangan bahwa Al-Qur`an memberikan seruan untuk memperluas penggalian Al-Qur`an dengan menggunakan kedua pengetahuan tersebut. Bagi para filsuf, akal dan Al-Qur`an merupakan dua sumber epistemologis dalam memahami Islam. Melalui perluasan itu seorang filsuf dapat terarah secara kognisi mental untuk kemudian “menjupai” dan “terjun” ke dalam pengalaman langsung ( 'irfan kenabian) akan realitas rujukan teks Al-Qur’an.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 530,
"width": 429,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Realitas eksistensi Tuhan, sidrah al-muntaha , Lauh mahfuzh , malaikat, fenomena transendensi jiwa ( nafs ), pengalaman mi’raj dan dimensi-dimensi transendental metafisik lainnya, tidak pernah dapat dijangkau oleh kesadaran empiris keseharian maupun penalaran rasional filsafat. Penalaran dan imajinasi manusia biasa, tidak memiliki jalan untuk meraih pengetahuan akan realitas bersifat metafisik transendental sekaligus eskatologis ini. Pengetahuan psiko-kognitif manusia biasa hanya terbatas pada aspek paling luar dari jiwa. Para-psikologi tradisional agama yang didasarkan pada metode inteleksi dan spiritual, mampu mengantarkan seseorang untuk menembus kedalaman roh jiwa hingga dapat mentranspormasi jiwa dan mentransendensikannya. Perenungan filsafat dalam wilayah ini, dapat berperan memberi arah bagi kesadaran jiwa, sebagai persiapan yang mendorong pejalan eksistensial spiritual ( sâlik ), “terjun” ke dalam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 429,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tafhim Al- ‘Ilmi : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pemikiran Islam ISSN: 2252-4924, e-ISSN: 2579-7182 Terakreditasi Nasional SK No : 148/M/KPT/2020",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 377,
"top": 66,
"width": 136,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume 14, No. 2 Maret 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "264",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 116,
"width": 428,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "realisasi pengalaman langsung 'irfan tradisi kenabian. 'irfan kenabian merupakan satu- satunya jalan untuk menyingkap realitas metafisis yang diperbincangkan teks Al-Qur’an.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 158,
"width": 428,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bagi Mullâ Shadrâ, seorang agamawan seharusnya menggunakan akal intelektusnya untuk menginvestigasi kebenaran. Disisi lain, seorang filsuf harus menemukan wahyu sebagai sumber pengetahuan. Akal sehat manusia mampu untuk sampai pada kesimpulan bahwa penalaran rasional menjadi “jalan perantara” untuk sampai kepada kebenaran wahyu dan pada akhirnya mengakui ketinggian capaian wahyu melalui perjalanan pengalaman eksistensial dalam bimbingan 'irfan kenabian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 303,
"width": 65,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 323,
"width": 428,
"height": 260,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Esensi Al-Qur’an dan kenabian berada pada wilayah sakralitas agama yang merupakan tujuan puncak dari inversitgasi filosofis dan pengalaman keagamaan seluruh manusia. Jika esensi al-Qur’an dan kenabian diletakkan pada wilayah sakral dan perenialnya maka seluruh bentuk penafsiran akan teks-teks keagamaan merupakan situasi perjalanan eksistensial subjek mufasirnya menuju pusat eksistensial kemanusiaannya. Mulla Shadra datang untuk mennegaskan bahwa Manusia, Al-Qur’an dan alam merupakan tiga aspek dari realitas eksistensi yang identik. Al-Qur’an merupakan pengalaman perjalanan eksistensial manusia itu sendiri menuju pusat eksistensial dalam dirinya. Sementara kenabian merupakan manusia yang mampu sampai pada puncak pengalaman pusat ketinggian eksistensial kemanusiaannya sebagaimana hal itulah yang didokumentasikan oleh Al-Qur’an. al-Qur’an dan kenabian harus diletakkan sebagai jalan penyingkapan terhadap esensi kemansiaan kita maka akar persoalan ekstrimisme beragama dari sisi kesadaran telah diatasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 259,
"top": 634,
"width": 81,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Daftar Pustaka",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 662,
"width": 428,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Said Agil Husin Al-Munawar, Al-Qur'an Membangun Tradisi Kesalehan Hakiki, Jakarta: Ciputat Press , 2013.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 687,
"width": 429,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Navid Kermani , “Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd and The Literary Study of The Qur`an”, dalam Suha Taji Farouki (ed), Modern Muslim Intelectuals and The Qur’an, London: Oxford University Press, 2004.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 731,
"width": 429,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fransiskus Budhi Hardiman, Seni Memahami: Hermeneutika dari Schleiermacher Sampai Derrida , Sleman: Kanisius, 2015.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 429,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tafhim Al- ‘Ilmi : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pemikiran Islam ISSN: 2252-4924, e-ISSN: 2579-7182 Terakreditasi Nasional SK No : 148/M/KPT/2020",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 377,
"top": 66,
"width": 136,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume 14, No. 2 Maret 2023",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 494,
"top": 784,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "265",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 116,
"width": 428,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Richard E. Palmer, Hermeneutics: Interpretation Theory in Scheiermacher, Dilthey, Heidegger and Gadamer , Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1988, Cet. 8. Lawrence K. Schmidt, Understanding Hermeneutics , Trowbridge: Cromwell Press, 2006, Cet. 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 169,
"width": 429,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Massimo Campanini, “Qur’an and Science: Hermeneutical Approach”, dalam Journal of Qur’anic Studies , Vol. 7, No. 1, Tahun. 2005.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 199,
"width": 428,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Islamic Philosophy from it's Origin to The Present: Philosophy in The Land of Prophecy , New York: State University of New York Press, 2006.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 224,
"width": 429,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mulla Shadra, On The Hermeneutics of The Light Verse of The Qur’an ( Tafsir Ayat al- Nur ), terj. Latimah Parvin Peerwani, London ICAS-Press, 2004, cet.1. Akhyar Yusuf Lubis, Filsafat Ilmu dan Metodologi Posmodernis , Bogor: Akademia, 2004.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 280,
"width": 429,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "A Josep Dorairaj, “Paul Ricoeur`s Hermeneutics of The Text”, dalam Indian Philosophical Quarterly , Volume. XXVI, No. 4, Tahun. 2000, hal. 406. Charles J. Adams, “The Hermeneutics of Henry Corbin”, dalam Ricard C. Martin (ed), Aproaches to Islam In Religious Studies , USA: The University of Arizona Press, 1985.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 349,
"width": 428,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kamâl al-Haidarî, Ta’wîl al-Qur’ân; al-Nazhriyyah wa al-Mu’thayât , Iran: Dâr Farâqad, 2005 M/1476 H",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 376,
"width": 429,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mulla Shadra, on The Hermeneutics of The Light Verse of The Qur’an , terj. Latimah Parvin Peerwani, London: ICAS-Press, 2004, cet. 1.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 406,
"width": 428,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "F. Budi Hardiman, Seni Memahami: Hermeneutika dari Schleiermacher Sampai Derrida , Sleman: Kanisius, 2015.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 434,
"width": 429,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Henry Corbin, Avicenna and The Visionary Recital , terj. Willard R. Trask, New York: Pantheon Books Inc., 1960.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 461,
"width": 396,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Henry Corbin, History of lslamic Philosophy , terj. Liadain Sherrard dkk, London:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 475,
"width": 416,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kegan Paul International dan Islamic Publications for The Institute of Ismaili Studies, Tth, hal. xv.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 500,
"width": 426,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ali Asgariyazdi, “Characteristics of Islamic Philosophy”, dalam Existenz . Vol. 7, No. 1,",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
24d8f491-d434-8b61-06c4-e430e9cc8274 | https://ojs.bakrie.ac.id/index.php/IJSR/article/download/180/104 | [
{
"left": 221,
"top": 37,
"width": 297,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesian Journal for Social Responsibility (IJSR) Vol. 5, No. 01, (2023), pp. 35-49 https://doi.org/10.36782/ijsr.v5i01.180",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 792,
"width": 11,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "35",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 83,
"top": 81,
"width": 433,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengolahan Ikan Asap Berdasarkan Konsep Cara Pengolahan Pangan yang Baik (CPPB) untuk Meningkatkan Branding Kuliner Unggulan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 226,
"top": 126,
"width": 151,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pantai Prigi Trenggalek",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 164,
"top": 163,
"width": 273,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rina Rifqie Mariana 1 *, Nur Wahyu Hidayat 2 , Andoko Andoko 3 ,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 143,
"top": 179,
"width": 310,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yon Ade Lose Hermanto 4 , Andreas Syah Pahlevi 4 , Muntholib Muntholib 5",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 194,
"width": 280,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Program Studi Pendidikan Tata Boga, 2 Program Studi Teknik Elektro,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 206,
"top": 206,
"width": 188,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3 Program Studi Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 182,
"top": 219,
"width": 234,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4 Program Studi Desain Komunikasi Visual, Fakultas Sastra,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 231,
"width": 340,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5 Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Malang, Kota Malang, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 256,
"width": 363,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E-mail: [email protected]*, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 143,
"top": 290,
"width": 310,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Received: December 8, 2022 | Revised: January 25, 2023 | Accepted: February 3, 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 278,
"top": 317,
"width": 42,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 352,
"width": 456,
"height": 285,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ikan asap saat ini sudah mulai dikenal sebagai unggulan kuliner Pantai Prigi, Kabupaten Trenggalek. Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Trenggalek sudah cukup berhasil memberdayakan masyarakat di sekitar Pantai Prigi dengan memberikan pelatihan pembuatan ikan asap sekaligus memberdayakan sumber daya ikan yang melimpah. Namun disayangkan proses pembuatan dan pemasarannya masih konvensional, sehingga dampaknya pengrajin seringkali mengalami kerugian karena terjadi kerusakan produk jika ikan asap tidak laku, karena penjualan terbatas untuk wisatawan Pantai Prigi. Solusi dan metode yang ditawarkan melalui kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah penyuluhan dan praktik tentang pengolahan dan penyimpanan ( packaging ) ikan asap yang sehat, awet dan aman berdasarkan konsep Cara Pengolahan Pangan yang Baik (CPPB), dan pelatihan marketing digital dan dilanjutkan dengan hibah alat packaging dan freezer kepada salah satu kelompok pengrajin. Kegiatan diikuti oleh 20 orang pengrajin ikan asap di Desa Tasikmadu, Teluk Prigi, Kecamatan Watulimo, Kabupaten Trenggalek. Setelah satu bulan tim abdimas melakukan pemantauan dan pendampingan, pengrajin sudah melakukan pengembangan produk ikan asap yang sehat, awet, dan aman. Disamping itu juga sudah memperluas pemasarannya tidak hanya terbatas di sekitar Pantai Prigi namun sudah dilakukan penjualan melalui media Instagram dan sosial media lainnya. Sehingga, dari mulai bulan Agustus tidak terjadi lagi kerugian, namun sebaliknya secara bertahap ada penambahan omzet penjualan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 656,
"width": 270,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci: Branding ; Konsep CPPB; Kuliner; Pantai Prigi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 276,
"top": 688,
"width": 49,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 723,
"width": 454,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Currently smoked fish is known as the superior cuisine of Prigi Beach, Trenggalek Regency. The local government in Trenggalek Regency was quite successful in empowering the community around Prigi Beach through training in producing smoked fish while at the same time utilizing",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 37,
"width": 193,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rina Rifqie Mariana, Nur Wahyu Hidayat, Andoko, …",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 792,
"width": 11,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "36",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 80,
"width": 454,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "abundant fish resources. However, their production and marketing processes were still conventional that which negatively impacted the profit since the products were deteriorated before they were all sold due to the limited targeted consumers that were Prigi Beach tourists. This community service offered solutions and methods such as counseling and practices regarding healthy, preserved, and safe storage for smoked fish process based on the Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), and digital marketing training continued with gifting packing and freezer tools to one group of artisans. This activity was joined by 20 artisans in Tasikmadu Village, Prigi Bay, Watulimo District, Trenggalek Regency. After one month of monitoring and guidance by the community service team, artisans could improve their products into healthy, preserved, and safe products. Also, their market is widened not only limited to the beach, but also through Instagram and other social media. Thus, their profit gradually increased since August.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 271,
"width": 273,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Branding; Culinary; GMP Concept; Prigi Beach",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 315,
"width": 70,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 339,
"width": 454,
"height": 319,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pantai Prigi yang terletak sekitar 48 km ke arah selatan dari Kota Trenggalek, Jawa Timur memiliki potensi besar untuk dikembangkan menjadi salah satu kawasan wisata bahari unggulan di Indonesia. Pada tiga tahun terakhir Pantai Prigi sudah banyak memiliki fasilitas seperti hotel, rumah makan yang menyajikan kuliner khas Prigi berbahan dasar aneka ikan laut. Saat ini beberapa produk yang sudah diklaim sebagai oleh-oleh khas Pantai Prigi adalah ikan asap dari berbagai jenis ikan laut, karena Pantai Prigi dikenal sebagai penghasil ikan yang cukup tinggi. Sepanjang Pantai Prigi dihuni oleh penduduk dan menjadi pusat kegiatan perikanan. Saat ini, mayoritas penduduk Pantai Prigi sudah memiliki keterampilan pembuatan ikan asap dari hasil pelatihan yang diselenggarakan oleh Pemerintah Daerah Trenggalek, walaupun proses pembuatan masih konvensional yaitu menggunakan tungku terbuka yang sesungguhnya menimbulkan dampak kurang sehat karena asap yang dikeluarkan (Sari & Widjanarko, 2014). Namun disisi lain, teknologi konvensional ini dapat melibatkan dan mempekerjakan banyak orang karena pengerjaannya mudah dan peralatan yang murah. Profil beberapa pedagang yang memproduksi dan menjual ikan asap di Pantai Prigi dipresentasikan pada Gambar 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 37,
"width": 344,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengolahan Ikan Asap Berdasarkan Konsep Cara Pengolahan Pangan yang Baik (CPPB) untuk …",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 792,
"width": 11,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "37",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 146,
"top": 326,
"width": 306,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1. Pembuatan dan Pemasaran Ikan Asap di Pantai Prigi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 360,
"width": 454,
"height": 276,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1 menunjukkan bahwa proses pembuatan dan penjualan ikan asap di sekitar Pantai Prigi masih konvensional. Pelaksanaan pelatihan dari Pemerintah Daerah Trenggalek tentang pembuatan ïkan asap pada masyarakat sekitar Pantai Prigi, diharapkan dapat memberikan perubahan perekonomian masyarakat. Demikian juga para nelayan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pendapatannya melalui penjualan ikan olahan yakni ikan asap. Menurut wawancara dengan pengrajin, sesungguhnya peminat ikan asap ini bukan hanya datang dari para wisatawan yang berkunjung saja, melainkan juga masyarakat di luar daerah Pantai Prigi, misalnya responden dari Trenggalek menyatakan juga menyukai produk ini. Namun karena penjualan masih konvensional, maka pembeli hanya terpusat pada wisatawan yang datang sehingga penghasilan mereka relatif tetap dan tidak menunjukkan perubahan berarti, bahkan kadang-kadang mengalami kerugian karena produk rusak dan tidak semua terjual habis karena pada umumnya pengrajin belum memiliki alat penyimpanan ikan asap, dan produk hanya dapat bertahan 2 - 3 hari saja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 646,
"width": 454,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jika kondisi dibiarkan terus menerus maka produksi ikan asap ini tidak akan berkembang. Pemasaran ikan asap hanya terbatas di lingkar Pantai Prigi sebagai oleh-oleh dan belum ada pengrajin yang dapat menembus penjualan di luar Trenggalek. Berdasarkan diskusi antara pelaksana abdimas, mitra, dan beberapa pengrajin/penjual ikan asap di Pantai Prigi permasalahannya adalah kurangnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan pengrajin untuk mengolah ikan asap yang sehat, aman, dan awet, dan kurangnya pemahaman tentang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 37,
"width": 193,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rina Rifqie Mariana, Nur Wahyu Hidayat, Andoko, …",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 792,
"width": 11,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "38",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 80,
"width": 454,
"height": 100,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pentingnya packaging dan pemanfaatan teknologi digital marketing untuk memperluas pemasarannya. Untuk itu perlu ada upaya, solusi, dan inovasi untuk meningkatkan branding unggulan kuliner Pantai Prigi, seperti yang dijelaskan oleh Belch dan Belch (2003), bahwa setiap usaha perlu adanya inovasi pengembangan khususnya dalam bidang pemasaran dan teknologi agar usaha bisa bertahan dan terus berkembang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 190,
"width": 454,
"height": 254,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Saran tersebut juga sesuai dengan hasil penelitian Rianto dkk. (2017), yang menyatakan bahwa termasuk industri rumahan usahanya harus selalu melakukan perubahan, kreatif, dan inovatif supaya tidak mengalami penurunan atau kebangkrutan antara lain dengan cara mem- branding usahanya. Sedangkan penelitian Cynara (2020), menjelaskan bahwa pemasaran ïkan asap Pantai Prigi baru terbatas pada pemasaran konvensional di wilayah pantai sebagai oleh-oleh wisatawan. Hal tersebut disebabkan karena produk ini tidak memiliki branding yang bagus baik dari sisi pengolahan, kemasan, maupun metode pemasarannya. Hal ini bisa dianggap suatu kelemahan, karena keunggulan ketersediaan bahan baku dan kekhasan rasa yang relatif diterima konsumen tidak menjamin suatu usaha akan terus berkembang. Keberhasilan sebuah usaha yang tidak didukung dengan ketersediaan teknologi tepat guna dan teknologi digital yang sesuai, lama kelamaan akan ditinggalkan masyarakatnya karena semakin ketatnya persaingan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 454,
"width": 454,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Seperti yang disampaikan Munaf dkk. (2008), bahwa kemajuan pengembangan suatu teknologi pada dasarnya adalah untuk menjawab kebutuhan masyarakat yang dirasakan dan diinginkan. Upaya pengembangan teknologi yang efektif, harus didasarkan pada permintaan pasar, baik yang telah nyata ada, atau yang mulai tampak dirasakan adanya. Rahmiyati dkk. (2015), menambahkan bahwa teknologi tepat guna adalah salah satu jalur penting untuk mencapai tujuan yang mendasar, yakni meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 586,
"width": 454,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan kelemahan dan permasalahan di atas, maka perlu ada upaya dan solusi untuk mengatasinya yaitu dengan cara memberikan pelatihan pengolahan ikan asap yang sehat, aman, dan memiliki keawetan yang cukup lama dilengkapi dengan design packaging yang memiliki nilai jual tinggi, dan memperluas pemasaran melalui digital marketing yang saat ini sedang tren di masyarakat. Konsep penerapan digital marketing adalah suatu hal yang dilakukan untuk mendongkrak penjualan suatu barang. Jika sebuah usaha akan mempromosikan produk, maka harus terdapat jaminan produk makanan memiliki kualitas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 37,
"width": 344,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengolahan Ikan Asap Berdasarkan Konsep Cara Pengolahan Pangan yang Baik (CPPB) untuk …",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 792,
"width": 11,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "39",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 80,
"width": 454,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "yang terpercaya baik dari sisi rasa, tekstur, warna, maupun kemasan yang dapat menarik konsumen untuk membeli.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 124,
"width": 454,
"height": 232,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Seperti yang dijelaskan oleh Belch dan Belch (1998), dalam dunia bisnis dengan adanya perkembangan industri yang menunjukkan arah globalisasi, perlu adanya inovasi pengembangan disamping masalah-masalah pembelanjaan, sumder daya manusia (SDM), produksi, dan pemasaran. Penerapan metode pemasaran dan manajemen yang tepat dalam sebuah usaha merupakan bagian yang penting dan menentukan dalam mengembangkan sebuah usaha. Seiring berkembangnya internet untuk pemasaran ( e-commerce ) maka pemasaran menggunakan website e-commerce pada era ini merupakan suatu keharusan, untuk perluasan penjualan serta promosi produk olahan (Hamzah & Nadjib, 2016). Permasalahan yang dirasakan oleh para pengrajin ïkan asap, masalah utamanya adalah karena keterbatasan keterampilan dan keahlian SDM yang perlu mendapat perhatian dan bantuan pelatihan serta pendampingan pengelolaan penjualan hasil produksi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 388,
"width": 65,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metodologi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 412,
"width": 454,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode pelaksanaan yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dapat diamati pada Gambar 2. Sasaran kegiatan ini adalah 20 pengrajin ikan asap yang terletak di Desa Tasikmadu, Teluk Prigi, Kecamatan Watulimo, Kabupaten Trenggalek, yang selama ini sudah berjualan secara konvensional di pasar tradisional, dan ada beberapa yang berjualan di Pantai Prigi. Kegiatan ini dilakukan oleh tim dosen yang dibantu oleh satu orang mahasiswa. Pelaksanaan di lakukan di rumah produksi mitra dan dihadiri oleh Kepala Bidang Usaha Mikro dan Kepala Desa Trenggalek.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 566,
"width": 454,
"height": 100,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jika metode ini dipandang efektif dan berdaya guna khususnya untuk peningkatan produksi dan branding ikan asap. Maka program ini akan ditularkan kepada para pengrajin lain melalui anggaran pemerintah daerah, sehingga branding ikan asap Pantai Prigi ini akan semakin meluas. Selain itu pengrajin akan diupayakan untuk mendapat tempat di Pujasera dan pusat oleh-oleh ikan asap di sepanjang Pantai Prigi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 37,
"width": 193,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rina Rifqie Mariana, Nur Wahyu Hidayat, Andoko, …",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 799,
"width": 11,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "40",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 194,
"top": 569,
"width": 209,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2. Alur Pelaksanaan Program Kerja",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 613,
"width": 118,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 636,
"width": 454,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pelaksanaan kegiatan dilaksanakan pada tanggal 30 dan 31 Juli 2022. Setelah memberikan sambutan pembukaan, terlebih dahulu dilakukan diskusi tentang cara pengolahan ikan asap yang selama ini dilakukan. Sebanyak 100% pengrajin melakukan pengasapan secara konvensional, bahan bakar yang digunakan mayoritas menggunakan kayu mangga atau kayu keras lainnya, dan sebagian kecil menggunakan sabut kelapa. Adapun paparan yang disampaikan pada saat kegiatan abdimas adalah sosialisasi tentang pengolahan ikan asap yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 118,
"top": 364,
"width": 242,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pelatihan Pendampingan, Hibah Design Packaging dan Alat Vacuum Sealer dan Freezer",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 413,
"width": 313,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Pelatihan pengolahan ikan asap yang sehat, aman , dan awet",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 430,
"width": 288,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Packaging design untuk mendukung branding ikan asap",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 447,
"width": 230,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Cara mendesain dan mengisi konten kreatif",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 465,
"width": 281,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Cara operasional/penggunaan sistem digital marketing",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 203,
"top": 161,
"width": 152,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perancangan Design Packaging",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 180,
"width": 277,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Mencari data identitas korporat dari usaha ikan asap",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 196,
"width": 369,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Mengukur volume ikan asap untuk dasar ukuran struktur desain kemasan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 211,
"width": 369,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Membuat visual surface untuk package design dengan menggunakan software /proses digital",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 241,
"width": 351,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Mencetak desain dan dibentuk sesuai struktur yang telah ditentukan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 203,
"top": 283,
"width": 152,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perancangan Digital Marketing",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 305,
"width": 368,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk menjangkau konsumen yang lebih luas dan mengembangkan branding melalui Instagram, Facebook, dan Twitter",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 79,
"width": 395,
"height": 471,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peserta pelatihan mengkreasikan ikan asap yang sehat, aman dan awet dengan menggunakan packaging yang baik, dan mulai melakukan pemasaran secara online Pendampingan/ Pasca Pelatihan Pelaksanaan Observasi dan Wawancara Pra - Pelaksanaan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 118,
"top": 120,
"width": 323,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembuatan Panduan Pengolahan Ikan Asap Berdasar Konsep CPBB",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 37,
"width": 344,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengolahan Ikan Asap Berdasarkan Konsep Cara Pengolahan Pangan yang Baik (CPPB) untuk …",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 799,
"width": 11,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "41",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 74,
"width": 454,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sehat dan aman berdasarkan panduan pengolahan yang diberikan kepada peserta. Gambar 3 merupakan dokumentasi tim abdimas dengan sebagian peserta sebelum kegiatan dimulai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 158,
"top": 294,
"width": 282,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 3. Peserta (Pengrajin Ikan Asap) dan Tim Abdimas",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 328,
"width": 454,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setelah sambutan yang disampaikan oleh kepala desa, berikutnya adalah paparan dari ketua abdimas yang menjelaskan tentang konsep keamanan pangan, dan cara pengolahan ikan asap berdasarkan konsep CPPB agar masyarakat yang mengkonsumsi terhidar dari bahaya, sekaligus memberikan branding ikan asap agar mendapat kepercayaan dari masyarakat dibandingkan produk ikan asap lainnya. Gambar berikut adalah paparan dari ketua pelaksana abdimas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 651,
"width": 405,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 4. Buku Panduan Pengolahan Ikan Asap dan Penjelasan dari Ketua Abdimas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 685,
"width": 454,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selain dokumentasi paparan ketua pelaksana tentang konsep pengolahan ikan asap yang sehat dan aman, Gambar 4 menunjukkan adanya buku panduan pengolahan ikan asap yang sehat dan aman yang disusun oleh ketua tim abdimas sebagai pakar dalam bidang keamanan pangan. Buku tersebut berisi tentang konsep keamanan pangan dan prosedur pengolahan ikan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 37,
"width": 193,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rina Rifqie Mariana, Nur Wahyu Hidayat, Andoko, …",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 799,
"width": 11,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "42",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 74,
"width": 454,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "asap yang sehat dan aman, serta berbagai resep variasi pengolahan berbahan baku ikan asap. Buku panduan diberikan kepada semua peserta pelatihan sebagai pedoman atau panduan pengolahan ikan asap yang benar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 140,
"width": 454,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Adapun bahasan inti yang diberikan kepada peserta yaitu berbagai cara pengasapan ikan termasuk berbagai alternatif pilihan yang digunakan sebagai bahan pengasapan yang sehat dan aman sekaligus menghasilkan kualitas ikan asap dari sisi organoleptik. Pilihan bahan pengasapan yang biasa digunakan diantaranya yaitu kayu bakar dari pohon keras seperti pohon mangga, tempurung kelapa, sabut kelapa, dan asap cair dimana masing-masing memiliki keunggulan dan kelemahan sendiri-sendiri. Tim abdimas juga memberikan pelatihan cara pengolahan ikan yang sehat dan sederhana, melalui tahapan-tahapan sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 294,
"width": 162,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Tahap Pertama: Penggaraman",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 316,
"width": 454,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proses penggaraman dilakukan sebelum ikan diasapi dan setelah dicuci bersih, ikan direndam dalam air garam dengan konsentrasi 15-20 % selama 1 sampai 2 jam. Penggaraman dengan air garam ( brine salting ) ini dilakukan agar daging ikan menjadi lebih padat, karena garam menarik air dan menggumpalkan protein. Selain menambah rasa, penggaraman ini juga dapat menawetkan (menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri). Ikan yang sudah digarami kemudian ditiriskan, dan mulai dilakukan pengasapan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 448,
"width": 143,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Tahap Kedua: Pengasapan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 470,
"width": 454,
"height": 232,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tujuan dari pengasapan adalah untuk mengawetkan, memberi warna, dan menimbulkan rasa spesifik pada ikan. Pengasapan dilakukan minimal 2 jam. Semakin lama semakin baik, karena ikan akan semakin beraroma asap dan semakin tahan lama. Proses pengasapan bisa dilakukan secara tradisional. Pengolahan tradisional yang pada umumnya dilakukan menggunakan drum bekas (untuk skala besar). Namun cara ini memerlukan tempat khusus di luar rumah (memerlukan bangunan tersendiri). Untuk pengolahan ikan asap dengan skala kecil dapat menggunakan alat pengasapan ikan portabel yang praktis, mudah dipindah, dan tidak memerlukan tempat khusus. Seperti yang dilakukan pada kegiatan abdimas ini, menggunakan alat portabel. Bahan pengasapan menggunakan sabut kelapa yang sebelumnya diberikan alas terlebih dahulu dengan garam atau bisa juga menggunakan pasir sebagai penghantar panas, seperti pada Gambar 5.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 37,
"width": 344,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengolahan Ikan Asap Berdasarkan Konsep Cara Pengolahan Pangan yang Baik (CPPB) untuk …",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 799,
"width": 11,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "43",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 358,
"width": 250,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 5. Cara Sederhana Proses Pengasapan Ikan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 392,
"width": 454,
"height": 143,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada proses pengasapan, kualitas (aroma) yang dihasilkan juga bergantung pada sumber asap, apakah dari arang kayu, tempurung kelapa, pelepah sawit, atau dari bahan lainnya. Umumnya yang sering digunakan adalah arang kayu dan tempurung kelapa. Pengasapan menggunakan sabut kelapa memiliki keunggulan. Dalam penelitiannya, Yefrida dkk. (2008) menjelaskan bahwa komponen asap hasil pembakaran sabut kelapa terdiri dari fenol 25,99%, asam asetat 42,00% yang berfungsi sebagai antoksidan dan antibakteri. Fenol yang terkandung dari hasil pembakaran sabut kelapa sangat tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 545,
"width": 454,
"height": 210,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ohoiwutun dkk. (2017), juga menambahkan bahwa adanya senyawa fenol dalam senyawa asap bersifat bakteriostatik yang tinggi sehingga menyebabkan bakteri tidak berkembang biak, fungisidal sehingga jamur tidak tumbuh. Lama pengasapan menggunakan sabut kelapa berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar protein, kadar lemak, kadar air, kadar abu dan organoleptik (warna dan aroma) (Talib dkk. 2020). Baktianto dkk. (2021), juga menjelaskan bahwa pengaruh lama pengasapan menggunakan sabut kelapa terhadap pemanasan secara tidak langsung menyebabkan terjadinya penguapan air pada daging ikan, sehingga permukaan air dan dagingnya mengalami pengeringan. Hal ini akan memberikan efek pengawetan karena bakteri- bakteri pembusuk lebih aktif pada produk-produk berair. Oleh karena itu, proses pengeringan mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting dan ketahanan mutu produk.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 37,
"width": 193,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rina Rifqie Mariana, Nur Wahyu Hidayat, Andoko, …",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 799,
"width": 11,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "44",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 74,
"width": 454,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam penelitian Putri dkk. (2008), dijelaskan bahwa daya awet ikan juga ditentukan oleh lama pemanasan. Pada pengasapan panas, karena jarak antara sumber api (asap) dengan ikan cukup dekat, maka suhunya lebih tinggi sehingga ikan menjadi masak. Suhu yang tinggi dapat menghentikan aktivitas enzim-enzim yang tidak diinginkan, menggumpalkan protein ikan dan menguapkan sebagian air dari dalam jaringan daging ikan. Sehingga pada proses ini, ikan yang diasapi juga terpanggang sehingga dapat langsung dimakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 206,
"width": 454,
"height": 100,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Agar olahan ikan asap ini lebih tahan lama, dan tidak mudah tercemar, selanjutnya diberikan teknik pengemasan dengan cara vacuum sealer (Gambar 6). Fungsi dari vacuum sealer intinya untuk memperpanjang usia makanan. Selain itu untuk menjaga kulitas rasa dari makanan tersebut. Karena proses vakum membuat makanan bebas dari oksigen. Sementara bakteri dan jamur tidak bisa tumbuh tanpa oksigen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 200,
"top": 514,
"width": 198,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 6. Alat Vacuum Sealer Ikan Asap",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 548,
"width": 455,
"height": 210,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penggunaan vacuum sealer ini cukup mudah, hanya menghilangkan udara dalam kemasan kemudian menyegelnya dengan sealer . Mesin vacuum sealer sangat bermanfaat dalam pengemasan produk ikan asap karena dapat meningkatkan kualitas ikan asap secara organoleptik (rasa, warna, tekstur, dan aroma), memperpanjang daya simpan, lebih higienis, tampilan menarik, serta dapat memenuhi pasar modern. Ikan asap yang sudah dikemas dimasukkan ke dalam freezer agar dapat bertahan lebih lama, yaitu mencapai waktu penyimpanan 3 bulan. Desain packaging ini juga memiliki pengaruh terhadap branding dan pemasaran produk, bukan hanya dari kualitas bahan yang digunakan yang aman, namun dari sisi desainnya. Pada Gambar 7 berikut dapat diamati desain packaging yang dibuat oleh tim abdimas untuk produk Ikan Asap Bu Sudarti.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 37,
"width": 344,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengolahan Ikan Asap Berdasarkan Konsep Cara Pengolahan Pangan yang Baik (CPPB) untuk …",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 799,
"width": 11,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "45",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 278,
"width": 364,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 7. Desain Packaging untuk Produk Ikan Asap Bu Sudarti Trenggalek",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 312,
"width": 454,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahapan berikutnya adalah penjelasan tentang peningkatan branding produk melalui sosialisasi marketing digital yaitu pemasaran menggunakan media digital di internet. Materi awal yang diberikan adalah promosi online dengan menggunakan aplikasi Canva. Penjelasan berikutnya adalah cara online marketing melalui website maupun Instagram, dan penjelasan terakhir adalah manfaat digital marketing untuk produk ikan asap Pantai Prigi. Kegiatan ini diakhiri dengan hibah alat berupa vacuum sealer , desain kemasan, dan freezer .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 684,
"width": 284,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 8. Penjelasan Digital Marketing oleh Tim Abdimas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 718,
"width": 453,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setelah pelaksanaan kegiatan, tim abdimas juga memberikan pendampingan/pelayanan terkait dengan pengembangan produk, packaging , maupun pemasarannya. Terhitung satu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 37,
"width": 193,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rina Rifqie Mariana, Nur Wahyu Hidayat, Andoko, …",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 799,
"width": 11,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "46",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 74,
"width": 454,
"height": 166,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "bulan setelah pelaksanaan kegiatan, telah menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan yaitu bertambahnya varian produk ikan asap kemasan yang sehat dan aman dan perluasan pemasaran tidak hanya di kawasan Pantai Prigi, namun sudah melakukan penjualan ke berbagai tempat secara online . Dilaporkan, tidak ada lagi produk yang rusak karena sudah memiliki tempat penyimpanan ikan berupa freezer . Sehingga tidak pernah terjadi lagi kerugian. Gambar 8 merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh tim abdimas, yaitu penjelasan tentang digital marketing dan serah terima atau hibah alat dari tim abdimas berupa vacuum sealer dan freezer sebagai penutup kegiatan ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 250,
"width": 454,
"height": 100,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kegiatan diakhiri dengan serah terima atau hibah peralatan dari LP2M Universitas Negeri Malang melalui tim abdimas berupa freezer dan vacuum sealer kepada salah satu pengrajin ikan asap yaitu Ibu Sudarti (Gambar 9), dengan harapan usahanya akan terus berkembang dan dapat dijadikan percontohan bagi pengrajin lainnya, sehingga branding ikan asap Trenggalek akan semakin meluas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 143,
"top": 552,
"width": 312,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 9. Serah Terima (Hibah) Alat Vacuum Sealer dan Freezer",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 586,
"width": 454,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 10 merupakan contoh beberapa produk hasil pendampingan selama satu bulan setelah pelaksanaan pelatihan, yaitu pengembangan produk ikan asap yang divariasikan dengan aneka bumbu, serta dengan packaging yang terstandar dan siap dipasarkan secara online dan offline .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 37,
"width": 344,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengolahan Ikan Asap Berdasarkan Konsep Cara Pengolahan Pangan yang Baik (CPPB) untuk …",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 799,
"width": 11,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "47",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 383,
"width": 419,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 9. Produk Ikan Asap Prigi “Bu Sudarti” yang Sudah Dipasarkan Setelah Sebulan Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Abdimas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 439,
"width": 62,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 463,
"width": 454,
"height": 210,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pelatihan dan penyuluhan tentang pengolahan ikan asap yang sehat dan aman yang dilanjutkan dengan penyuluhan dan praktik pengemasan dan digital marketing ini sangat bermanfaat khususnya bagi pengrajin ikan asap di Pantai Prigi. Terbukti setelah para pengrajin merubah proses pengolahan ikan asap, dan membuat variasi hidangan ikan asap dengan aneka bumbu kemasan, dan memulai usahanya secara online . Dalam satu bulan setelah pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian menunjukkan omzet yang lebih besar (tidak ada lagi kerugian). Kegiatan ini mendapat dukungan penuh dari ketua UMKM Pantai Prigi dan kepala desa, salah satu bentuk komitmen dari kepala desa adalah akan mengupayakan pengadaan alat kepada kelompok pengrajin lain sehingga ikan asap Prigi suatu saat akan menjadi ikon kuliner Kabupaten Trenggalek.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 37,
"width": 193,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rina Rifqie Mariana, Nur Wahyu Hidayat, Andoko, …",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 799,
"width": 11,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "48",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 113,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ucapan Terima Kasih",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 98,
"width": 454,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ucapan terimakasih kami sampaikan kepada Universitas Negeri Malang melalui Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (LP2M) yang telah memberikan pendanaan untuk mendukung kegiatan ini melaui anggaran PNBP 022.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 176,
"width": 78,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Daftar Pustaka",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 200,
"width": 457,
"height": 100,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Baktianto, T. A., Haslina, & Iswoyo. (2021). Pengaruh Lama Pengasapan Menggunakan Sabut Kelapa Terhadap Rendemen, Kadar Protein, Lemak, Air, Abu, dan Organoleptik Daging Sapi. Jurnal Mahasiswa Universitas Semarang, Food Technology and Agricultural Products , 1-14. Belch, G. E., & Belch, M. A. (1998). Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective, 4th Edition . Boston: McGraw-Hill.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 310,
"width": 454,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Belch, G. E., & Belch, M. A. (2003). Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective . New York: McGraw- Hill.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 354,
"width": 454,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cynara, D. A. (2020). Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Nelayan Pesisir Pantai Prigi dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Masyarakat Perspektif Ekonomi Islam (Studi Kasus di Koperasi Tuna Jaya Desa Tasikmadu Kecamatan Watulimo Kabupaten Trenggalek) [Skripsi]. Institut Agama Islam Negeri Tulungagung, Jawa Timur.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 442,
"width": 454,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hamzah, D., & Nadjib, M. (2016). Pemanfaatan Internet Sebagai Media Promosi Pemasaran Produk Lokal oleh Kalangan Usaha di Kota Makassar. KAREBA: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi , 2(1), 30–40.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 508,
"width": 454,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Munaf, D. R., Suseno, T., Janu, R. I., & Badar, A. M. (2008). Peran Teknologi Tepat Guna untuk Masyarakat Daerah Perbatasan Kasus Propinsi Kepulauan Riau. Jurnal Sosioteknologi , 7(13), 329–333.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 574,
"width": 454,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ohoiwutun, M. K., Ohoiwutun, E. C., & Hasyim, C. L. (2017). Peningkatan Kualitas Ikan Teri Kering di Desa Sathean, Kecamatan Kei Kecil, Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara. Agrokreatif: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat , 3(2), 150–159.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 639,
"width": 454,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Putri, Y. K., Silvianti, R., & Lucia, N. (2008). Pembuatan Asap Cair dari Limbah Kayu Suren (Toona sureni), Sabut Kelapa dan Tempurung Kelapa (Cocos nucifera linn). Jurnal Riset Kimia , 1(2), 187–187.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 705,
"width": 454,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rahmiyati, N., Andayani, S., & Panjaitan, H. (2015). Model Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Penerapan Teknologi Tepat Guna di Kota Mojokerto. JMM17: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi dan Manajemen , 2(2), 48-62.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 37,
"width": 344,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengolahan Ikan Asap Berdasarkan Konsep Cara Pengolahan Pangan yang Baik (CPPB) untuk …",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 799,
"width": 11,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "49",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 74,
"width": 454,
"height": 100,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rianto, B., Arieffiani, D., & Hindradjit, H. (2017, 20 Juli). Industrialisasi Pengolahan Ikan Tangkap Skala Rumah Tangga untuk Meningkatkan Ekonomi Masyarakat Pesisir di Pantai Prigi, Trenggalek. Seminar Nasional Kelautan XII ”Inovasi Hasil Riset dan Teknologi dalam Rangka Penguatan Kemandirian Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Laut dan Pesisir”, Fakultas Teknik dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Hang Tuah, 1-12.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 184,
"width": 454,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sari, H. A., & Widjanarko, S. B. (2014). Karakteristik Kimia Bakso Sapi (Kajian Proporsi Tepung Tapioka: Tepung Porang dan Penambahan Nacl)[In Press Juli 2015]. Jurnal Pangan Dan Agroindustri , 3(3), 784-792.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 250,
"width": 454,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Talib, A., Gunawan, S., & Husen, A. (2020). Karakteristik Uji Organoleptik Ikan Cakalang Asap Dengan Menggunakan Asap Cair dari Tempurung Kelapa, Sabut Kelapa dan Kayu Mangrove. Agrikan: Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan , 13(1), 83–90.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
b2cc88d2-aa6d-76bc-9ef1-9f87e12b4bfc | https://ejournal.unma.ac.id/index.php/bernas/article/download/6828/3745 | [
{
"left": 92,
"top": 57,
"width": 221,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "BERNAS: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 69,
"width": 176,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Vol. 4 No 4, 2023, pp. 3125-3130 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31949/jb.v4i4.6828",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 441,
"top": 58,
"width": 80,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e-ISSN 2721-9135 p-ISSN 2716-442X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 294,
"top": 791,
"width": 25,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3125",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 106,
"width": 431,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelatihan Pemanfaatan Limbah Botol Plastik di Wilayah Pesisir Sebagai Media Tanam Hidroponik di Kampung Nelayan Cungkeng Kelurahan Kotakarang Provinsi Lampung",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 170,
"width": 417,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Agatha Novelin Hutagaol 1 , Septiana Sari 2 , Jefri Joel Panjaitan 3 Muhammad Kevin Syawaldi 4 Adfi Fitri Ramadhini 5 Muhammad Arhan Rajab 6 1,2,3,4,5,6 Program Studi Sains Lingkungan Kelautan, Jurusan Sains, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia *e-mail korespondensi: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 258,
"width": 41,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 269,
"width": 437,
"height": 152,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This Community Service Program (PKM) was implemented in Kotaarang Village, East Teluk Betung District, Bandar Lampung City. The partners in this PKM are the Rukun Tetangga Community (RT) 7. The problem faced by the partners is the problem of waste which is often found in the surrounding environment because it is a coastal and marine environment. The aim of implementing this PKM is to increase public awareness in Kotakarang Subdistrict, Bandar Lampung City regarding the problem of plastic waste, plastic waste management, and the use of plastic bottle waste as a container for cultivating hydroponic plants which is useful as a source of income for the community. The method for implementing this PKM is through socialization and training where at the start of the activity a pre-test is carried out to assess the initial knowledge of the participants (partners) then the participants are given material and an introduction to the use of plastic bottle waste which is useful as a container for cultivating plants using a hydroponic system. Then at the end of the session a final test (post test) is carried out to assess the partner's increase in knowledge. The results obtained were that the participants (partners) already understood the dangers of waste, especially plastic waste and its use as a container for cultivating plants using a hydroponic system. Keyword : Sociolization; training; management; waste; hydroponics",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 433,
"width": 38,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 444,
"width": 438,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Program Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) ini dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Kotakarang, Kecamatan Teluk Betung Timur, Kota Bandar Lampung. Mitra dalam PKM ini adalah Masyarakat Rukun Tetangga (RT) 7. Permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra yaitu permasalahan sampah yang banyak dijumpai pada lingkungan sekitar karena merupakan lingkungan pesisir dan laut. Tujuan pelaksanaan PKM ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat di Kelurahan Kotakarang, Kota Bandar Lampung mengenai masalah limbah plastik, pengelolaan limbah plastik, dan pemanfaatan limbah botol plastik sebagai wadah dalam budidaya tanaman hidroponik yang berguna untuk sumber penghasilan masyarakat. Metode pelaksanaan PKM ini melalui sosialisasi dan pelatihan dimana pada awal kegiatan terlebih dahulu dilakukan tes awal ( pre test) untuk menilai pengetahuan awal peserta (mitra) kemudian peserta diberikan materi dan pengenalan pemanfaatan limbah botol plastik yang berguna sebagai wadah untuk budidaya tanaman dengan sistem hidroponik. Kemudian pada akhir sesi dilakukan tes akhir ( post test) untuk menilai peningkatan pengetahuan mitra. Hasil yang diperoleh bahwa peserta (mitra) sudah memahami bahaya sampah terutama sampah plastik serta kegunaannya sebagai wadah budidaya tanaman dengan sistem hidroponik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 585,
"width": 279,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata Kunci : sosialisasi; pelatihan; pengelolaan; sampah; hidroponik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 607,
"width": 315,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Accepted: 2023-09-22 Published: 2023-10-13",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 653,
"width": 80,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 672,
"width": 442,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Secara geografis Kelurahan Kotakarang merupakan wilayah pesisir dan laut sehingga berbagai permasalahan dihadapi oleh masyarakat pesisir yang sebagian besar berprofesi sebagai nelayan. Permasalahan sampah merupakan masalah yang paling krusial dihadapi oleh masyarakat Kotakarang. Kawasan pesisir yang memiliki banyak tumpukan sampah di Provinsi Lampung berada di Kecamatan Teluk Betung Timur termasuk Kelurahan Kotakarang (Kurniawan, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 732,
"width": 442,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kotakarang Teluk Betung Timur, seperti banyak kota lainnya, menghadapi masalah serius terkait limbah plastik. Limbah plastik yang tidak terkelola dengan baik dapat mencemari lingkungan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 461,
"top": 57,
"width": 61,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hutagaol et al.",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 57,
"width": 25,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3126",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 89,
"width": 443,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dan membahayakan kesehatan manusia serta kehidupan laut. Sumber-sumber sampah di permukiman yang paling besar terdapat di sumber sampah di Kelurahan Kotakarang, Kecamatan Teluk Betung Timur dengan luas sekitar 40.000 m 2 . Asumsi produksi sampah Tahun 2018 adalah 0,4 kg/orang/hari dengan potensi timbulan sampah 978 ton/hari. Dari timbulan sampah tersebut, sampah plastik merupakan merupakan kekhawatiran karena merupakan sampah anorganik yang tidak dapat terurai. Konsumsi Sampah plastik di perkirakan 17 kg/orang/hari dengan potensi konsumsi 41.557/hari. Jika asumsi rasio sampah plastik 50 % maka potensi sampah plastik yang di timbulkan adalah 20.778 ton/tahun atau 58 ton/hari. Maka persentase sampah plastik dari total potensi timbulan sampah adalah sebesar 6 % (Balitbangda Lampung, 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 173,
"top": 371,
"width": 271,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 1. Permasalahan Sampah di Kelurahan Kotakarang, Kecamatan Teluk Betung Timur, Provinsi Lampung",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 407,
"width": 442,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sampah-sampah yang dihasilkan pada permukiman berasal dari kegiatan rumah tangga yang dibuang ke laut karena tidak memiliki pengelolaan sampah seperti wadah komunal, tempat pemindahan dan pembuangan sampah sementara (TPS), dan gerobak/motor sampah (Tambun, dkk. 2019).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 463,
"width": 442,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sampah di kawasan pesisir dapat berasal dari sampah daratan yang dibuang secara sembarangan ke sungai lalu terbawa aliran sungai ke laut, sampah lautan dari kawasan pesisir lainnya yang terbawa arus, sampah dari kegiatan di kawasan pesisir seperti pasar, wisata, tempat pelelangan ikan, rumah-rumah warga sekitar, dan industri (Isman F, 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 511,
"width": 442,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mitra dalam pelaksanaan PKM-PM ini adalah masyarakat Rukun Tetangga (RT) 07 yang beralamat di Jalan Teluk Bone RT. 07 Lingkungan II, Kelurahan Kotakarang, Kecamatan Teluk Betung Timur. Berdasarkan kunjungan dan wawancara dengan mitra diperoleh informasi bahwa RT 07 Lingkungan II dihadapkan pada masalah lingkungan yang banyak ditemukan di pemukiman masyarakat yaitu masalah sampah. Oleh karena itu, mitra memiliki komitmen dan tanggung jawab untuk mengelola serta mengatasi permasalahan sampah yang ada di wilayahnya melalui kerja sama dengan masyarakat dengan harapan memberikan manfaat ekologi melalui pengelolaan sampah dan manfaat ekonomi melalui pemanfaatan limbah botol plastik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 620,
"width": 443,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mengingat pentingnya penanganan sampah di wilayah pesisir dan laut Kelurahan Kotakarang maka diperlukan pengolahan sampah yang terpadu misalnya melalui pemanfaatan botol plastik sebagai wadah tanam pertanian sehingga masyarakat dapat menyediakan pangan pertanian seperti sayuran organik bagi rumah tangga dan secara tidak langsung memperbaiki ekonomi dan memberikan kontribusi pada pelestarian lingkungan.. Sistem pengolahan sampah terpadu harus disesuaikan dengan komposisi dari sampah di laut, baik dari aktivitas manusia maupun sampah bawaan laut. Oleh karena itu, program PKM-PM perlu dilakukan guna berkolaborasi dalam pengelolaan sampah untuk digunakan sebagai media tanam pertanian organik dan juga menjaga kelestarian lingkungan pesisir dan laut Kelurahan Kotakarang, Kecamatan Teluk Betung Timur, Provinsi Lampung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 57,
"width": 207,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bernas: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 514,
"top": 59,
"width": 25,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3127",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 89,
"width": 43,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "METODE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 107,
"width": 443,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Program pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) ini dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Kotakarang, Kecamatan Teluk Betung Timur, Kota Bandar Lampung pada Tanggal 15 September 2023. Dalam pelaksanaan PKM ini melalui sosialisasi dan pelatihan kepada masyarakat (mitra). Peserta yang terlibat langsung dalam kegiatan PKM ini yaitu masyarakat RT VII sebagai mitra utama dalam PKM ini dan juga melibatkan masyarakat RT V dan RT VI dengan total peserta mencapai ± 20 orang peserta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 191,
"width": 443,
"height": 178,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metode dalam pelaksanaan PKM ini yaitu melalui sosialisasi dan pelatihan yang diberikan kepada masyarakat (mitra). Kegiatan sosialisasi dilaksanakan dengan materi masalah limbah plastik, dampaknya, dan langkah-langkah yang dapat diambil oleh masyarakat untuk mengurangi limbah plastik di Kelurahan Kotakarang, Kecamatan Teluk Betung Timur, Kota Bandar Lampung. Materi sosialisasi dibawakan langsung oleh Ketua tim PKM yaitu Agatha Novelin Hutagaol dan didampingi oleh Muhammad Arhan Rajab. Materi sosialisasi mengajarkan masyarakat tentang segregasi limbah plastik, pengumpulan, dan pengiriman ke tempat daur ulang yang sesuai. Sementara pelatihan pembuatan tanaman hidroponik ini juga dilakukan bersama-sama dengan peserta. Pelatihan diadakan untuk mengenalkan konsep budidaya tanaman hidroponik yang ramah lingkungan menggunakan wadah dari limbah botol plastik. Peserta diajarkan cara menanam, merawat, dan memanen tanaman hidroponik mereka sendiri. Materi pelatihan ini dibawakan oleh Harmiansyah. Selain itu, masyarakat mitra juga diberikan kesempatan untuk bertanya sehingga kegiatan sosialisasi dan pelatihan ini efektif dan efisien.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 371,
"width": 443,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sebagai bentuk evaluasi kegiatan dalam PKM ini maka tim PKM melaksanakan penilaian sebelum kegiatan dalam bentuk ( pre test) dan setelah kegiatan (pos test) melalui penyebaran angket (kuesioner) kepada semua peserta. Hasil penilaian kegiatan pre test dan post ini akan menjadi dasar apakah masyarakat mitra sudah memahami memahami isi kegiatan sosialisasi dan pelatihan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 466,
"width": 133,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 485,
"width": 443,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adapun hasil kegiatan program pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) ini diharapkan berkontribusi dalam peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat (mitra) mengenai pelestarian lingkungan dan juga peningkatan pengetahuan mengenai pemanfaatan limbah botol plastik sebagai media (wadah) dalam budidaya tanaman sayuran dengan sistem hidroponik. Selanjutnya, diharapkan kegiatan PKM memberikan dampak positif kepada masyarakat (mitra). Dengan adanya kegiatan PKM ini juga diharapkan membangun jejaring kerja sama antara masyarakat (mitra) Kelurahan Kotakarang dengan Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA) dalam berbagai kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat pada masa yang akan datang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 609,
"width": 283,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kegiatan PKM yang dilaksanakan dapat dilihat sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 651,
"width": 205,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Sosialisasi Mengenai Sampah Plastik",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 671,
"width": 443,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kegiatan sosialisasi mengenai sampah plastik ini menjagi sangat penting bagi masyarakat (mitra) mengingat wilayah Kelurahan Kotakarang termasuk wilayah yang paling terdampak pencemaran laut ( marine debris) berupa sampah plastik. Melalui kegiatan sosialisasi yang dilakukan diharapkan terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan mitra terkait langkah-langkah yang preventif dalam penanganan sampah plastik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 461,
"top": 57,
"width": 61,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hutagaol et al.",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 57,
"width": 25,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3128",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 210,
"width": 358,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 1. Sosialisasi Mengenai Limbah Botol Plastik di Kelurahan Kotakarang,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 266,
"top": 224,
"width": 101,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kota Bandar Lampung",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 250,
"width": 239,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Pelatihan Pemanfaatan Limbah Botol Plastik",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 268,
"width": 443,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Partisipasi peserta dalam seminar dan pelatihan menggambarkan minat yang tinggi dalam memahami dan mengatasi masalah ini. Hasil kegiatan sosialisasi tentang pemanfaatan limbah botol plastik dan pelatihan tanaman hidroponik menggunakan botol plastik ini menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam kesadaran masyarakat tentang masalah limbah plastik. Kegiatan sosialisasi dan pelatihan ini berkontribusi pada peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai pentingnya pengelolaan limbah plastik yang bertanggung jawab, mengajarkan masyarakat cara mengelola limbah plastik secara efektif serta mengenalkan konsep dan praktik budidaya tanaman hidroponik menggunakan wadah dari limbah botol plastik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 536,
"width": 395,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 2. Pelatihan Pemanfaatan Limbah Botol Plastik Sebagai Media Tanam Budidaya Sayuran Organik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 564,
"width": 443,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Indikator tercapainya tujuan dan tolak ukur yang digunakan untuk menyatakan keberhasilan dari kegiatan pengabdian yang telah dilakukan dapat dilihat dari penilaian ( pre test) diawal kegiatan dan penilaian ( post test) pada akhir kegiatan. Hasil kegiatan ini menunjukan bahwa setelah dilakukan sosialisasi dan pelatihan kepada masyarakat (mitra) Kelurahan Kotakarang secara umum sudah mengetahui dan memahami dampak negatif pencemaran limbah plastik bagi kelestarian lingkungan dan dampak ekonomi yang dapat diperoleh melalui pemanfaatan limbah botol plastik sebagai sebagai media tanaman dalam budidaya sayuran hidroponik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 661,
"width": 337,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil penilaian pre test dan post test disajikan pada Gambar 3. dibawah ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 57,
"width": 207,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bernas: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 514,
"top": 59,
"width": 25,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3129",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 307,
"width": 425,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 3. Penilaian Tingkat Pengetahuan Mitra Sebelum Pelaksanaan ( Pre Test) dan Sesudah Kegiatan PKM ( Post Test).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 340,
"width": 442,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Indikator keberhasilan pelaksanaan PKM ini dapat dilihat pada penilaian pre test dan post test yang dilakukan. Hasilnya dapat dilihat Sebagian besar masyarakat (mitra) mengalami peningktan pengetahuan setelah mengikuti kegiatan sosialisasi dan pelatihan pemanfaatan limbah botol plastik sebagai media tanaman dalam budidaya sayuran hidroponik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 396,
"width": 443,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keunggulan pada kegiatan ini yaitu masyarakat dapat menerima dan memahami dengan seksama terkait topik yang dibahas. Pelatihan pemanfaatan limbah plastik dalam budidaya tanaman hidroponik memberikan inspirasi bagi masyarakat (mitra) dan ketertarikan dalam memanfaatkan limbah botol plastic yang banyak ditemukan di Kelurahan Kotakarang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 452,
"width": 443,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sedangkan kekurangan dari kegiatan PKM ini adalah keterlibatan dan partisipasi masyarakat yang belum tentu mengimplementasikan kegiatan penanaman hidroponik secara penuh akibat minimnya pengawasan dan dorongan yang berkelanjutan untuk masyarakat melakukan kegiatan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan monitoring dan pendampingan lebih lanjut dengan pihak Kelurahan Kotakarang dalam pengembangan program ini lebih lanjut sehingga berpotensi terlaksana secara berkelanjutan memberikan manfaat pelestarian lingkungan dan peningkatan ekonomi bagi masyarakat di Kelurahan Kotakarang, Kecamatan Teluk Betung Timur, Kota Bandar Lampung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 569,
"width": 70,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 587,
"width": 443,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) ini telah berhasil meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat tentang masalah limbah plastik, memperbaiki pengelolaan limbah plastik, dan mempromosikan pemanfaatan limbah botol plastik dalam budidaya tanaman hidroponik. Upaya bersama antara warga masyarakat dan pemerintah setempat telah menciptakan lingkungan yang lebih bersih dan berkelanjutan secara ekologi dan ekonomi di Kelurahan Kotakarang, KecamatanTeluk Betung Timur, Kota Bandar Lampung, Provinsi Lampung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 694,
"width": 96,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 730,
"width": 442,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Balitbangda Lampung. 2018. FGD Pengelolaan Sampah Teluk Lampung. Lampung Isman F, F. M. (2016). Identifikasi Sampah Laut di Kawasan Wisata Pantai Makassar. Makassar: Universitas Hasanuddin.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 96,
"width": 343,
"height": 203,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "0 20 40 60 80 100 120 RT 05 RT 05 RT 05 RT 05 RT 05 RT 07 RT 07 RT 07 RT 07 RT 06 RT 06 RT 06 RT 06 RT 05 Skor Kuisioner Pretest Skor Kuisioner Postest",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 461,
"top": 57,
"width": 61,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hutagaol et al.",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 57,
"width": 25,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3130",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 89,
"width": 442,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kelurahan Kotakarang, 2022. Kondisi Penduduk Kotakarang 2022. Lampung Kurniawan, E. (2017, Oktober 24). 108 Kilometer Teluk Lampung Tercemar Sampah. Dipetik November 4, 2018, dari Lampost.co: http://www.lampost.co/berita-108-kilometer-teluk- lampung tercemar sampah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 137,
"width": 443,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tambun, dkk. 2019. Intervensi Permasalahan Infrastruktur Persampahan Teluk Kota Bandar Lampung: Penyediaan Infrastruktur Persampahan di DAS Kuala, DAS Belau, DAS Lunik, dan DAS Sukamaju. Lampung Selatan (ID): Repository ITERA.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
700e30fc-8835-197a-7ac0-9bc9c304146a | http://jurnal.globalhealthsciencegroup.com/index.php/JPM/article/download/1331/1048 | [
{
"left": 525,
"top": 753,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "577",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 132,
"width": 429,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "PELATIHAN DAN PENDAMPINGAN PADA KADER DALAM PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI KPSP MOBILE BERBASIS ANDROID DALAM MENDETEKSI PENYIMPANGAN PERKEMBANGAN ANAK PRASEKOLAH",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 200,
"top": 184,
"width": 216,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Winnellia Fridina Sandy Rangkuti, Susito, Sudarto",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 83,
"top": 196,
"width": 453,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurusan Keperawatan, Poltekkes Kemenkes Pontianak, Jl. 28 Oktober, Siantan Hulu, Kec. Pontianak Utara, Kota Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat 78241, Indonesia *[email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 281,
"top": 242,
"width": 61,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 255,
"width": 476,
"height": 229,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jumlah balita di Indonesia sangat besar yaitu sekitar 10 persen dari seluruh populasi, maka sebagai calon generasi penerus bangsa, Kualitas tumbuh kembang balita di Indonesia perlu mendapat perhatian serius yaitu berupa pelayanan kesehatan berkualitas termasuk deteksi dan intervensi dini penyimpangan perkembangan. Guna mendukung upaya deteksi perkembangan anak secara maksimal sangat diperlukan pemanfaatan tehnologi seperti android sehingga informasi semakin mudah diakses hingga ke seluruh pelosok-pelosok penjuru. KPSP (Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan) Mobile merupakan suatu aplikasi dalam pemanfaatan tehnologi yang sangat membantu kader (masyarakat) untuk memantau perkembangan balita dan mendeteksi adanya kelainan sejak dini. Dengan adanya aplikasi seperti ini peran orangtua dalam memantau perkembangan balita akan lebih mudah karena aplikasi ini berbasis android sehingga dapat dibawah kemana – mana dan jauh lebih effisien dari pada menggunakan buku. Pelaksanaan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) ini dilaksanakan selama 10 bulan, mulai persiapan proposal, perizinan, intervensi, analisa data, pembuatan laporan serta diakhiri dengan pengumpulan Laporan. Adapun jumlah sampel dalam PKM ini berjumlah 50 kader yang berlokasi di Kecamatan Singkawang Tengah Kelurahan Bukit Batu. Pelaksanaan PKM ini akan dievaluasi dari tingkat pengetahuan, keterampilan serta motivasi setiap kader. Hasil yang diharapkan dari PKM ini yaitu sebagai referensi bagi pengambil keputusan di wilayah setempat (Dinas Kesehatan kota Singkawang), meningkatkan motivasi para kader, publikasi jurnal terakreditasi nasional dalam bentuk artikel ilmiah, HAKI serta panduan dan modul penggunaan Aplikasi KPSP Mobile.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 499,
"width": 185,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kata kunci: kader; pelatihan; kpsp mobile",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 526,
"width": 442,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "TRAINING AND MONITORING FOR CADRES IN THE USE OF ANDROID-BASED KPSP MOBILE IN DETECTING DEVIATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRE SCHOOL CHILDREN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 581,
"width": 64,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 595,
"width": 473,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The number of toddlers in Indonesia is very large, which is around 10 percent of the entire population, so as a candidate for the nation's next generation. The quality of growth and development of children under five in Indonesia needs serious attention, namely in the form of quality health services including early detection and intervention of developmental deviations. In order to support efforts to detect children's development optimally, it is necessary to use technology such as android so that information is more easily accessible to all corners of the globe. KPSP (Developmental Pre-Screening Questionnaire) Mobile is an application as the use of technology that is very helpful for cadres (community) to monitor the development of children under five and detect any abnormalities from an early age. With an application like this, the role of parents in monitoring the development of toddlers will be easier because this application is based on Android so that it can be carried everywhere and is much more efficient than",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 37,
"width": 298,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Peduli Masyarakat",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 64,
"width": 333,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Volume 4 Nomor 4, Desember 2022 e-ISSN 2721-9747; p-ISSN 2715-6524 http://jurnal.globalhealthsciencegroup.com/index.php/JPM",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 45,
"width": 239,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Peduli Masyarakat, Volume 4 No 4, Desember 2022",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 57,
"width": 123,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Global Health Science Group",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 525,
"top": 753,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "578",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 473,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "using books. The implementation of Community Service (PKM) was carried out for 10 months, starting from proposal preparation, licensing, intervention, data analysis, reporting and ending with report collection. The number of samples in this PKM is 50 cadres located in Singkawang Tengah District, Bukit Batu Village. The implementation of this PKM will be evaluated from the level of knowledge, skills and motivation of each cadre. The results expected from this PKM are as a reference for decision makers in the local area (Singkawang City Health Office), increase the motivation of cadres, national accredited journal publications in the form of scientific articles, HAKI as well as guidelines and modules for the use of theApplication. KPSP Mobile",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 187,
"width": 177,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Keywords: cadre, training, kpsp mobile",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 213,
"width": 96,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 227,
"width": 473,
"height": 190,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Revolusi industri 4.0 merupakan peluang yang sangat luar biasa saat ini bagi siapapun untuk maju. Teknologi informasi yang semakin mudah terakses hingga ke seluruh pelosok-pelosok menyebabkan semua orang dapat terhubung didalam sebuah jejaring sosial. Menurut Rosyadi (2018) & Klingenberg (2017) bahwa revolusi industri 4.0 mengalami puncaknya saat ini dengan lahirnya teknologi digital atau sistem aplikasi berbasis website interaktif atau internet. Hal tersebut menimbulkan dampak positif keberhasilan dan kemanfaatan bagi seluruh manusia, termasuk bagi Kader Kesehatan (Rosyadi, 2018 & Schawab, 2017). Media website interaktif tersebut dapat dibuat sesuai dengan kebutuhan, sehingga dapat menjadi suatu media untuk menyampaikan suatu ilmu dengan mudah dan juga interaktif (Buana, 2016). Jumlah balita di Indonesia sangat besar yaitu sekitar 10 persen dari seluruh populasi, maka sebagai calon generasi penerus bangsa, kualitas tumbuh kembang balita di Indonesia perlu mendapat perhatian serius yaitu berupa pelayanan kesehatan berkualitas termasuk deteksi dan intervensi dini penyimpangan perkembangan dan berbagai faktor lingkungan yang dapat mengganggu tumbuh kembang anak perlu dieliminasi (Kemenkes, 2012).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 434,
"width": 476,
"height": 259,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Undang-undang Perlindungan Anak nomor 35 tahun 2014 telah menjelaskan tentang hak-hak anak salah satunya yaitu pemenuhan kesehatan anak dan kualitas perkembangan anak. Kualitas perkembangan anak harus dimulai periode pranatal sampai hingga periode balita karena pada masa ini perkembangan yang terjadi menentukan perkembangan selanjutnya, sehingga penyimpangan sekecil apapun harus terdeteksi dan tertangani secara baik agar tidak mengurangi kualitas sumber daya manusia kelak kemudian hari. Kualitas anak masa kini merupakan penentu kualitas sumber daya manusia dimasa yang akan dating (Kemenkes,2016). SDGs ( Sustainable Development Goals ) merupakan perbaikan pada MDGs ( Millenium Development Goals ) dibidang kesehatan termasuk kesehatan anak (Margo Berends, 2015). Perkembangan anak dalam segi kemampuan ( Skill ) baik struktur dan fungsi tubuh secara teratur sangat merupakan harapan hal yamg sangat penting (Chomaria, 2015). Untuk mempersiapkan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas dimasa mendatang seorang anak perlu dipersiapkan agar dapat tumbuh dan berkembang secara optimal (Kemenkes, 2010). Lima tahun pertama merupakan masa yang sangat penting, yaitu periode keemas ( golden period ) dimana saat lima tahun pertama kehidupan merupakan masa yang sangat peka terhadap lingkungan dan masa ini sangat pendek serta tidak bisa diulang kembali (Kemenkes, 2011). Anak merupakan investasi yang sangat berharga , setiap bangsa di dunia ini menginginkan anak sebagai generasi penerus yang berkualitas (Drotar et al. , 2008). Deteksi dini tumbuh kembang anak serta stimulasi dini optimal merupakan bagian dari upaya kesehatan anak dalam membentuk manusia berkualitas (Miller et al. , 2013).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 45,
"width": 239,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Peduli Masyarakat, Volume 4 No 4, Desember 2022",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 57,
"width": 123,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Global Health Science Group",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 525,
"top": 753,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "579",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 473,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Deteksi dini tumbuh kembang anak adalah kegiatan atau pemeriksaan untuk menemukan secara dini adanya penyimpangan tumbuh kembang pada balita dan anak prasekolah. Dengan ditemukan secara dini penyimpangan atau masalah tumbuh kembang anak, maka intervensi akan mudah dilakukan. Bila penyimpangan terlambat diketahui, maka intervensinya akan lebih sulit dan hal ini akan berpengaruh pada tumbuh kembang anak kelak (Kemenkes, 2014).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 157,
"width": 473,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "KPSP (Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan) Mobile merupakan suatu aplikasi yang membantu kader (masyarakat), orangtua atau pengasuh untuk memantau perkembangan balita dan mendeteksi adanya kelainan sejak dini. Dengan adanya aplikasi seperti ini peran orangtua dalam memantau perkembangan balita akan lebih mudah karena aplikasi ini berbasis android sehingga dapat dibawah kemana – mana dan jauh lebih effisien dari pada menggunakan buku atau lembar kertas kuesioner. Aplikasi KPSP Mobile ini berisi soal – soal tes perkembangan balita dari usia 3 bulan sampai usia 72 bulan. Aplikasi KPSP Mobile ini dapat memberikan sebuah nilai perkembangan balita serta menunjukkan adanya penyimpangan atau tidak dalam perkembangan balitanya. KPSP Mobile juga bisa memberikan solusi stimulasi apa yang cocok untuk perkembangan balita selanjutnya yang sesuai dengan usia balita (Fauzan, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 309,
"width": 474,
"height": 245,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan survey yang dilakukan ditemukan beberapa kader saat ini kecenderungan lebih tertarik menggunakan media interaktif seperti android ketimbang pembelajaran klasik. Oleh karena itu, dengan adanya media interaktif ini berbasis android diharapkan dapat membantu dalam memahami tentang deteksi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Penggunaan KPSP Mobile ini belum pernah diterapkan di fasilitas kesehatan tingkat dasar sehingga perlu adanya progran pelatihan dan pendampingan kader di kota singkawang sebagai upaya deteksi dini tumbuh kembang anak menuju generasi berkualitas. Dari masalah yang teridentifikasi maka rumusan masalah pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah Apakah pengetahuan pemahaman, keterampilan serta kemandirian kader akan meningkat dalam Penggunaan Aplikasi KPSP Mobile Berbasis Android Mendeteksi Penyimpangan Perkembangan Anak Pra Sekolah yang akan menambah pengetahuan dan keterampilan kader mendeteksi secara tepat baik secara preventif, promotif, kuratif dan rehabilitative”. Kader merupakan tenaga masyarakat yang dianggap paling dekat dengan masyarakat (Meilani, 2010) dan diharapkan mampu menyelesaikan masalah yang sangat sederhana yang terjadi di masyarakat (Safrudin, 2009). Adapun tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah menginformasikan kepada kader balita tentang Penggunaan KPSP Mobile secara benar dan menyeluruh melalui metode ceramah, simulasi/demonstrasi, tanya jawab, brainstorming serta Pemberdayaan Kader Balita dalam kemandirian mendeteksi masalah perkembangan anak prasekolah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 571,
"width": 56,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "METODE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 584,
"width": 64,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Persiapan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 598,
"width": 473,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Adapun kegiatan yang akan dilaksanakan pada tahap persiapan antara lain: pembuatan proposal. pembuatan proposal kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini mengacu pada hasil penelitian Winnellia (2020) mengenai Efektivitas Penggunaan Aplikasi KPSP Mobile Berbasis Android Mendeteksi Penyimpangan Perkembangan Anak Pra Sekolah Di Kecamatan Singkawang Tengah Terhadap Motivasi Kader. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa media video audiovisual, simulasi/demonstrasi, brainstorming dan tanya jawab sangat efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, pemahaman, keterampilan dan kemandirian masyarakat penanganan masalah penyimpangan perkembangan pada anak prasekolah. Dan penerapan hasil penelitian pada kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat fokus pada transfer pengetahuan, keterampilan dan pemecahan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 45,
"width": 239,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Peduli Masyarakat, Volume 4 No 4, Desember 2022 Global Health Science Group",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 525,
"top": 753,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "580",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 473,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "masalah perkembangan anak prasekolah yang terdapat pada keluarga balita. Transfer pengetahuan akan dilakukan dengan metode ceramah, tanya jawab, brainstorming, simulasi dan pemutaran video audio visual. Setelah pembuatan proposal ,dilanjutkan menyelesaikan administrasi perijinan lokasi pengabdian masyarakat di Dinas Kesehatan Kota Singkawang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 143,
"width": 124,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Pelaksanaan kegiatan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 157,
"width": 473,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kegiatan pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat dilaksanakan setelah semua administrasi perijinan dan persiapan selesai dilakukan. Kegiatan akan dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Singkawang Tengah. Pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan dalam bentuk penyuluhan/sosialisasi/simulasi/CTJ. Jadwal disepakati bersama dengan dinas kesehatan dan akan dilakukan sosialisasi kepada keluarga/ masyarakat di kecamatan Singkawang Tengah Kota Singkawang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 253,
"width": 122,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Pelaksanaan Evaluasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 267,
"width": 473,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Evaluasi kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini meliputi evaluasi formatif (proses) dan evaluasi sumatif (hasil). Evaluasi proses akan dilakukan pada saat sosialisasi materi deteksi dini penyimpangan perkembangan pada anak pra sekolah serta Simulasi melalui kegiatan tanya jawab secara lisan antara peserta dengan pemateri pengabdian masyarakat.sedangkan untuk evaluasi hasil akan duilakukan dengan menggunakan pengisian kuesioner pengetahuan yang menggunakan beberapa indikator pengetahuan dengan tolak ukur tingkat pengetahuan rendah baik dan tinggi. Kuesioner pengetahuan akan diukur melalui tahap pre test dan post test pada hari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 391,
"width": 158,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 405,
"width": 473,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hasil kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan lembar kuesioner pre test dan post test , maka pengetahuan kader keluarga sebelum dan sesudah intervensi pemberdayaan kader dalam mendeteksi penyimpangan perkembangan pada anak pra sekolah dengan menggunakan aplikasi KPSP melalui model KIE dalam mewujudkan status kesehatan anak secara optimal di kecamatan Singkawang Tengah dikategorikan sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 288,
"top": 488,
"width": 39,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 1",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 502,
"width": 457,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Perbedaan Pengetahuan Kader kesehatan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi pemberdayaan kader dalam mendeteksi penyimpangan perkembangan pada anak pra sekolah dengan menggunakan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 529,
"width": 434,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "aplikasi KPSP melalui model KIE Pengetahuan Hasil Pengetahuan Kader Sebelum Sesudah Perbedaan F % F % f % Baik Cukup Kurang 0 19 31 0 38 62 47 3 0 94 6 0 47 3 44 94 6 88",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 642,
"width": 476,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Deteksi dini tumbuh kembang anak serta stimulasi dini optimal merupakan bagian dari upaya kesehatan anak dalam membentuk manusia berkualitas (Miller et al. , 2013). Guna mendukung upaya deteksi perkembangan anak secara maksimal sangat diperlukan pemanfaatan tehnologi seperti website interaktif dan android sehingga informasi semakin mudah diakses hingga ke seluruh pelosok-pelosok penjuru. KPSP (Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan) Mobile,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 45,
"width": 239,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Peduli Masyarakat, Volume 4 No 4, Desember 2022 Global Health Science Group",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 525,
"top": 753,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "581",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 473,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "merupakan suatu aplikasi yang membantu kader (masyarakat), orangtua atau pengasuh untuk memantau perkembangan balita dan mendeteksi adanya kelainan sejak dini. Dengan adanya aplikasi seperti ini peran orangtua dalam memantau perkembangan balita akan lebih mudah karena aplikasi ini berbasis android sehingga dapat dibawah kemana – mana dan jauh lebih effisien dari pada menggunakan buku atau lembar kertas kuesioner. Aplikasi KPSP Mobile ini berisi soal – soal tes perkembangan balita dari usia 3 bulan sampai usia 72 bulan. Aplikasi KPSP Mobile ini dapat memberikan sebuah nilai perkembangan balita serta menunjukkan adanya penyimpangan atau tidak dalam perkembangan balitanya. KPSP Mobile juga bisa memberikan solusi stimulasi apa yang cocok untuk perkembangan balita selanjutnya yang sesuai dengan usia balita (Fauzan, 2017 & Buana, 2016)).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 226,
"width": 479,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (kader kesehatan) merupakaan upaya untuk menjalankan peran sesuai dengan fungsinya dalam memaksimalkan kinerja kader kesehatan, dan mengembangkan potensi- potensi yang dimiliki kader secara optimal, sehingga terbentuk kemandirian kader. Pemberdayaan Kader melalui Model Komunikasi, Informasi dan Edukasi (KIE) mendorong terjadinya perubahan (pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku dan keterampilan) seseorang, kelompok dan masyarakat individu, keluarga dan masyarakat yang dapat dilakukan melalui berbagai saluran komunikasi seperti adanya “modul deteksi dini penyimpangan perkembangan pada anak pra sekolah”, formulir pemantauan status kesehatan anak, booklet, pedoman pelaksanaan deteksi dini penyimpangan perkembangan pada anak pra sekolah, koordinasi kader serta diadakan pelatihan kader keluarga dan lain-lain. Kader kesehatan selalu berkoordinasi dengan kader kesehatan lainnya dan melaporkan status kesehatan anak. Pemberdayaan kader kesehatan sejalan dengan tujuan dari program pemerintah dibidang kesehatan dan kesejahteraan anak dan memiliki dampak kesehatan anak termonitoring, anak pra sekolah yang aktif. Bagi Pemegang Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat diharapkan membuat kebijakan pelaksanaan Program Deteksi dini tumbuh kembang anak melalui pemberdayaan kader sebagai kader kesehatan dengan intervensi model KIE dengan melibatkan sumber daya dan fasilitas yang mendukung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 460,
"width": 64,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "SIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 474,
"width": 473,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pengetahuan kader sebelum intervensi pemberdayaan kader dalam deteksi penyimpangan perkembangan anak pra sekolah dalam penggunaan aplikasi KPSP Mobile di kecamatan Singkawang Tengah menunjukkan 31 orang (62%) dikategorikan kurang dan 19 orang (38 %) dikategorikan cukup. Pengetahuan kader setelah intervensi pemberdayaan kader dalam deteksi penyimpangan perkembangan anak pra sekolah dalam penggunaan aplikasi KPSP Mobile di kecamatan Singkawang Tengah menunjukkan 47 orang (94%) dikategorikan baik dan 3 orang (6%) dikategorikan cukup.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 584,
"width": 145,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 40,
"top": 598,
"width": 504,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Terimakasih yang tidak terhingga kepada Poltekkes Kemenkes Pontianak yang telah memfasilitasi pendanaan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini, sehingga kegiatan dapat berjalan lancar sesuai tujuan yang diharapkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 653,
"width": 113,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 667,
"width": 473,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Buana, I. K. S. (2016). Aplikasi Website Interaktif untuk Deteksi Tumbuh Kembang Anak Interactive Website Application for Pediatric Developmental Growth Detection . 3 (2), 113–125.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 45,
"width": 239,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Peduli Masyarakat, Volume 4 No 4, Desember 2022",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 57,
"width": 123,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Global Health Science Group",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 525,
"top": 753,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "582",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 473,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Budiman, B., Syarief, N. S., & Soekatri, M. Y. (2013). Perkembangan Mental Bayi Dan Anak Indonesia. Gizi Indonesia , 36 (2), 153–160.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 117,
"width": 473,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Borkowski, N., (2011). Manajemen Pelayanan Kesehatan Perilaku Organisasi . Jakarta : Buku Kedokteran EGC.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 159,
"width": 473,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Chomaria, N. ( 2015). Panduan Terlengkap Tumbuh Kembang Anak Usia 0 – 5Tahun. Cinta, Surakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 202,
"width": 473,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Deputi menteri PPN/Kepala Bappenas. (2012). Pedoman umum pengembangan anak usia dini holistik integratif .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 242,
"width": 473,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Drotar, D. (2008). Pediatric Developmental Screening : Understanding and Selecting Screening Instruments Acknowledgments Part I : Defining Your Practice ’ s Screening Needs .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 287,
"width": 474,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Fauzan, M. (2017). Balita Sehat Berbasis Android ( Kpsp – Mobile Phone ). APLIKASI KEUSIONER PRA SKRENING PERKEMBANGAN BALITA SEHAT BERBASIS ANDROID (KPSP – MOBILE PHONE)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 343,
"width": 473,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Grantham-Mc Gregor S, Cheung YB, Cueto S, Glewwe P, Richter L, Strupp B, and the International Child Development Steering Group. Child Development in Developing Countries 1: Development Potensial in the First 5 Years for Children in developing countries, Lancet 2007: 369:60-70",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 414,
"width": 474,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Margo Berends (2015) The UN Adopted The Sustainable Development Goals available https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?menu=1300",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 456,
"width": 357,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Meilani, N., dkk. (2010) Kebidanan Komunitas . Yogyakarta: Fitramaya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 485,
"width": 473,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Miller, J., Ritchie, B., Tran, C., Beggs, S., Lada, C. O., & Whetter, K. (2013). Seasonal variation in the nutritional status of children aged 6 to 60 months in a resettlement village in West Timor. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 22 (3), 449 – 456. https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2013.22.3.10",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 555,
"width": 473,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kementrian Kesehatan RI. (2010). Pedoman Kader Seri Kesehatan Anak . Jakarta: Kementerian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 569,
"width": 68,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kesehatan RI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 598,
"width": 482,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kementerian Kesehatan RI (2011) Buku Panduan Kader Posyandu Menuju Keluarga Sadar Gizi Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 640,
"width": 470,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kementrian Kesehatan RI (2012). Kurikulum dan Modul Pelatihan Kader Posyandu . Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 683,
"width": 485,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kementerian Kesehatan RI (2014) Instrumen Stimulasi Deteksi Dini tumbuh kembang Anak Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 45,
"width": 239,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Peduli Masyarakat, Volume 4 No 4, Desember 2022",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 57,
"width": 123,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Global Health Science Group",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 525,
"top": 753,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "583",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 473,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kementrian Kesehatan RI. (2016). Pedoman pelaksanaan stimulasi, deteksi, dan intervensi tumbuh kembang anak. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 114,
"width": 371,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Klingenberg, C. O. (2017). Industry 4 . 0 : what makes it a revolution ? July .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 143,
"width": 473,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Rosyadi, S. (2018). Revolusi industri 4.0 : Peluang dan Tantangan Bagi Alumni Universitas Terbuka. Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik , 2 , 1–10.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 188,
"width": 473,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Safrudin dan Fratidhina, Y., (2009) Promosi Kesehatan untuk Mahasiswa Kebidanan. Jakarta: Trans Info Media.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 231,
"width": 339,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Safrudin dan Hamidah (2009) Kebidanan Komunitas . Jakarta: EGC.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 259,
"width": 473,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Schwab, K. (2017). The Fourth Industrial Revolution, Publisher: Penguin; 1st Edition. In Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis (Vol. 53, Issue 9).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 302,
"width": 420,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Setiadi (2013) Konsep dan Penulisan Riset Keperawatan . Jakarta: Graha Ilmu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 45,
"width": 239,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Peduli Masyarakat, Volume 4 No 4, Desember 2022 Global Health Science Group",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 525,
"top": 753,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "584",
"type": "Page footer"
}
] |
24645591-3566-518c-14dc-2284aa21729b | https://dinastirev.org/JMPIS/article/download/1434/864 | [
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 115,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://dinastirev.org/JMPIS ,",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 401,
"top": 38,
"width": 128,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 4, No. 1, Desember. 2022",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 470,
"top": 812,
"width": 50,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "315 | P a g e",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 341,
"top": 65,
"width": 186,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E-ISSN: 2716-375X, P-ISSN: 2716-3768",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 182,
"top": 77,
"width": 344,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.38035/jmpis.v4i1 Received: 7 Desember 2022, Revised: 25 Januari 2023, Publish: 11 Februari 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 217,
"width": 449,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kepemimpinan dan Komunikasi (Suatu Kajian Literatur Review Ilmu Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia)",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 278,
"width": 363,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ayep 1 , Muchammad Fikri 2 , Abdul Malik Zulkarnain 3 , Achmad Fauzi 4",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 292,
"width": 318,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Universitas Terbuka, Jakarta, Indonesia, [email protected] 2 Universitas Terbuka, Jakarta, Indonesia, [email protected] 3 Universitas Terbuka, Jakarta, Indonesia, [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 331,
"width": 185,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4 Universitas Terbuka, Jakarta, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 360,
"width": 238,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Corresponding Author: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 387,
"width": 454,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract: Human Resources (HR) has an important role in a company. HR indicators include leadership and communication. Leadership communication refers to effective communication skills and practices that can be utilized by an employee in a leadership position. A leader who exhibits strong communication skills can not only encourage their team to do their job efficiently but also foster a trusting work environment that helps their employees feel comfortable sharing their feelings and ideas. This article discusses leadership and communication. The results of this literature review are that effective communication occurs when the recipient of the message can fully capture the intent of the message conveyed by the sender so that the purpose of the communication can be achieved. Leadership style will have an impact on the way an individual leader communicates in relationships individually, with team members, and when representing a group.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 553,
"width": 368,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keyword: Leadership, Effective Leader Communication, Human Resources.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 580,
"width": 454,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak: Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) mempunyai peranan penting bagi suatu perusahaan. Indikator SDM diantaranya adalah kepemimpinan dan komunikasi. Komunikasi kepemimpinan mengacu pada keterampilan dan penerapan komunikasi efektif yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh seorang karyawan dalam posisi kepemimpinan. Seorang pemimpin yang menunjukkan keterampilan komunikasi yang kuat tidak hanya dapat mendorong tim mereka untuk melakukan pekerjaan mereka secara efisien, tetapi juga menumbuhkan lingkungan kerja yang saling percaya yang membantu karyawan mereka merasa nyaman dalam berbagi perasaan dan ide-ide mereka. Dalam artikel ini dibahas mengenai kepemimpinan dan komunikasi. Hasil literature review ini yaitu komunikasi yang efektif terjadi ketika penerima pesan dapat menangkap maksud secara utuh dari pesan yang disampaikan oleh yang mengirim pesan sehingga tujuan dari komunikasi tersebut dapat tercapai. Gaya kepemimpinan akan membawa dampak pada cara individu seorang pemimpin dalam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 115,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://dinastirev.org/JMPIS ,",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 401,
"top": 38,
"width": 128,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 4, No. 1, Desember. 2022",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 470,
"top": 812,
"width": 50,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "316 | P a g e",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 65,
"width": 454,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "berkomunikasi dalam hubungan secara individu, dengan anggota tim maupun ketika mewakili sebuah kelompok.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 106,
"width": 413,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci: Kepemimpinan, Komunikasi Pemimpin Efektif, Sumber Daya Manusia .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 148,
"width": 93,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 162,
"width": 454,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kita ketahui bersama bahwa dalam menjalankan organisasi atau perusahaan dengan baik, diperlukan kepemimpinan dan komunikasi yang baik serta efektif antarunsur di dalam organisasi atau perusahaan tersebut. Kepemimpinan dapat didefinisikan sebagai gaya perilaku yang bertujuan menggabungkan kebutuhan organisasi dan kepentingan pribadi untuk mencapai beberapa tujuan (Zulch, 2014). Kepemimpinan yang efektif tidak dapat diukur hanya dengan sejauh mana unit organisasi pimpinan telah berhasil menyelesaikan tugas- tugasnya dalam rangka mencapai tujuannya (Wikaningrum et al., 2018). Shaw (2005) dalam Wikaningrum et al., 2018 menekankan bahwa untuk menjadi komunikator yang efektif, pimpinan harus berbagi dan menanggapi informasi secara tepat waktu, peka terhadap pandangan orang lain, berkomunikasi dengan jelas dan ringkas di semua tingkatan organisasi, dan menggunakan apapun yang tersedia dalam saluran komunikasi dan serta berbagai sumber komunikatif. Keterampilan komunikasi juga memainkan peran penting dalam mempengaruhi sikap dan juga kepuasan dari seorang karyawan (Wikaningrum et al., 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 341,
"width": 454,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Komunikasi kepemimpinan mengacu pada keterampilan dan penerapan komunikasi efektif yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh seorang karyawan dalam posisi kepemimpinan. Seorang pemimpin yang menunjukkan keterampilan komunikasi yang kuat tidak hanya dapat mendorong tim mereka untuk melakukan pekerjaan mereka secara efisien, tetapi juga menumbuhkan lingkungan kerja yang saling percaya yang membantu karyawan mereka merasa nyaman dalam berbagi perasaan dan ide-ide mereka. Pemimpin harus terus meningkatkan kemampuan dirinya, kemampuan dalam bentuk interpersonal skill dan intrapersonal skill. Gaya seorang pemimpin dalam berkomunikasi merupakan bagian dari interpersonal skill yang harus selalu ditingkatkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 465,
"width": 454,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyajikan telaah literatur mengenai kepemimpinan dan komunikasi. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi dan rujukan untuk memahami kepemimpinan dan komunikasi. Berdasarkan konteksnya, dapat dirumuskan permasalahan yang akan dibahas guna membangun hipotesis untuk riset selanjutnya yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 534,
"width": 217,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Apakah itu kepemimpinan dan pelatihan?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 548,
"width": 287,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Apakah hubungan antara kepemimpinan dan pelatihan?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 562,
"width": 242,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Bagaimana komunikasi dalam kepemimpinan?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 590,
"width": 109,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KAJIAN PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 603,
"width": 82,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kepemimpinan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 617,
"width": 454,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kepemimpinan berasal dari satu kata pemimpin yang berarti seseorang atau sesuatu yang memimpin. Dalam pengertian ini, kepemimpinan dapat dijelaskan sebagai posisi, tanggungjawab, dan kapabilitas dari seseorang untuk memimpin individu lainnya menuju kesuksesan yang lebih besar (Ayub et al., 2014). Kepemimpinan dapat didefinisikan sebagai gaya perilaku yang bertujuan menggabungkan kebutuhan organisasi dan kepentingan pribadi untuk mencapai beberapa tujuan (Zulch, 2014). Seringkali, pimpinan dipilih oleh organisasi dengan mengetahui terlebih dahulu gaya kepemimpinan mereka (Kerzner, 2001 dalam Zulch, 2014). Gaya kepemimpinan dapat digolongkan ke dalam enam kategori utama (Barrett, 2006a dan Müller dan Turner,2010 dalam Zulch,2014):",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 741,
"width": 102,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Otoriter / Direktif",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 115,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://dinastirev.org/JMPIS ,",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 401,
"top": 38,
"width": 128,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 4, No. 1, Desember. 2022",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 470,
"top": 812,
"width": 50,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "317 | P a g e",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 65,
"width": 440,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dominasi dan pengendalian penuh yang dilakukan oleh pimpinan sangat identic dengan gaya ini. Dalam hal untuk memotivasi karyawan, gaya ini seringkali dianggap kurang efektif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 106,
"width": 109,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Penentu Kecepatan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 120,
"width": 440,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gaya kepemimpinan penentu kecepatan diwijudkan dengan pemenuhan tantangan dan tujuan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 148,
"width": 70,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Partisipatif",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 162,
"width": 454,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gaya ini disebutkan juga dengan gaya demokratis yang dicirkan oleh keterlibatan kelompok dalam pengambilan keputusan. Pemimpin seperti itu mungkin sering mengadakan pertemuan, tetapi juga mengumpulkan karyawan dan mengembangkan metode untuk mendapatkan masukan dari karyawan. Umpan balik dari karyawan dan hasil penelitian membantu manajer mengetahui dan memahami lingkungan dengan lebih baik 4. Visioner",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 244,
"width": 440,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gaya ini lebih dikenal dengan nama gaya transformasional. Gaya ini menginspirasi tim dengan visi bersama tentang masa depan. Gaya kepemimpinan ini cenderung sangat terlihat dalam organisasi.Pemimpin sering berbicara di depan umum, sering mengadakan pertemuan, mengirimkan motivasi dan membimbing semua karyawan, sehingga meningkatkan komunikasi yang efektif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 313,
"width": 70,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Pembinaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 327,
"width": 440,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gaya pembinaan atau coaching ini berfokus kepada budaya mentoring yang kuat dan dapat menekankan pentingnya sesi pelatihan dan pengembangan serta tanggung jawab manajemen untuk pengembangan orang lain, meningkatkan efektivitas karyawan dalam hal keterampilan dan kemampuan serta pengetahuan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 382,
"width": 53,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. Afiliasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 396,
"width": 440,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gaya afiliasi menciptakan harmoni dengan menghubungkan anggota tim secara individu atau dalam kelompok kecil.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 424,
"width": 440,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Masing-masing gaya kepemimpinan memiliki kelebihan dan kekuarangannya masing-masing. Suatu gaya kepemimpinan mungkin akan cocok diterapkan dalam kondisi tertentu namun akan berakibat buruk apabila diterapkan pada kondisi yang lain. Kelihaian pimpinan dalam menerapkan berbagai gaya kepemimpinan sangat diperlukan untuk menjaga kondusivitas sebuah organisasi. Semakin berpengalaman suatu pimpinan maka akan semakin mudah dalam menyesuaiakn gaya kepemimpinan dengan situasi yang dihadapi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 534,
"width": 66,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Komunikasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 548,
"width": 454,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk menjalankan organisasi dengan baik, diperlukan komunikasi yang baik antar unsur di dalam organisasi tersebut. Komunikasi yang baik antar unsur di dalam suatu organisasi mempunyai beargam peranan yang fundamental yaitu (Udin et al., 2019):",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 589,
"width": 454,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Komunikasi yang baik menjadi sebuah pengungkit untuk mengkoordinasikan berbagai macam hal di dalam sebuah organisasi. Masing-masing unsur di dalam sebuah organisasi tidak akan mengetahui perannya tanpa adanya komunikasi yang baik. Hal tersebut otomatis akan mengakibatkan organisasi tidak dapat berjalan sebagaimana yang diharapkan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 658,
"width": 454,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Komunikasi memiliki peranan besar dalam meneruskan sebuah informasi. Dengan komunikasi, instruksi dari atas ke bawah dapat dijalankan dengan baik. Selain itu, dengan adanya komunikasi, fakta dan data yang ada dapat diinformasikan dengan baik dan dipahami oleh anggota organisasi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 713,
"width": 454,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Persahabatan, penerimaan dan kepercayaan akan dapat dibangun dengan baik melalui komunikasi. Hal ini berkaitan erat dengan hubungan social dalam suatu organisasi. Jadi, seluruh unsur di dalam suatu organisasi harus dapat berkomunikasi dengan baik untuk dapat membuat suasana kerja menjadi suasana yang kondusif dan menyenangkan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 115,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://dinastirev.org/JMPIS ,",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 401,
"top": 38,
"width": 128,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 4, No. 1, Desember. 2022",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 470,
"top": 812,
"width": 50,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "318 | P a g e",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 65,
"width": 454,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Halim & Razak (2014) dalam Ayub et al., 2014, Komunikasi dalam suatu kelompok atau organisasi memiliki empat tugas utama, antara lain:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 93,
"width": 454,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Kontrol. Dengan bantuan komunikasi, manajer dapat mengetahui apakah karyawan tersebut bekerja sesuai dengan persyaratan organisasi dan apakah ada masalah terkait pekerjaan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 134,
"width": 454,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Motivasi. Komunikasi menjadi motivator ketika karyawan diberi tahu peran apa yang harus mereka mainkan, prestasi apa yang telah mereka capai dan apa yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkannya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 175,
"width": 454,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Ekspresi Emosional. Bagi beberapa karyawan, kerja sama tim merupakan sumber interaksi sosial yang penting. Komunikasi menawarkan kebebasan untuk mengekspresikan perasaan dan memenuhi kebutuhan sosial.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 217,
"width": 454,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Informasi. Setiap anggota organisasi membutuhkan informasi untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengevaluasi alternatif dalam proses pengambilan keputusan. Karena perusahaan saat ini menghadapi tekanan persaingan, perumusan strategi, pengambilan keputusan, motivasi, pembentukan tim, dan negosiasi memerlukan keterampilan kepemimpinan dalam komunikasi yang efektif.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 286,
"width": 454,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Widyaningrum (2021) dalam Saputra (2021), Ciri-ciri komunikasi organisasi adalah terstruktur, dengan susunan yang berkaitan dengan kewenangan yang terkait dengan tugas. Komunikasi organisasi biasanya memiliki ketentuan meskipun orang tersebut tidak memiliki jabatan, tetapi jabatan struktural tetap ada meskipun informal, terencana dan stabil (Saputra, 2021). Fitur lainnya adalah komunikasi yang mendalam (Saputra, 2021). Organisasi biasanya memiliki aturan atau standar yang telah disepakati bersama oleh para anggota organisasi (Saputra, 2021). Komunikasi dalam organisasi juga biasanya dapat diprediksi atau dengan kata lain, komunikasi bagi organisasi bertujuan untuk membangun hubungan dan mengurangi ketidakpastian (Saputra, 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 410,
"width": 174,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Komunikasi Dalam Kepemimpinan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 424,
"width": 454,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Terdapat banyak sekali jurnal dan buku yang telah membahas tentang kepemimpinan. Banyaknya ulasan terkait kepemimpinan tersebut membuat kepemimpinan menjadi topik yang tidak mudah untuk didefinisikan. Tidak jarang pula banyak perbedaan diantara para peneliti mengenai seorang pemimpin yang efektif. Namun demikian, satu hal yang membuat hampir semua peneliti menyetujuinya adalah pernyataan bahwa seorang pemimpin yang efektif juga merupakan seorang komunikator yang efektif, sebaliknya komunikator yag bagus belum tentu menjadi pemimpin yang bagus pula (Clutterbuck & Hirst, 2002).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 520,
"width": 454,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Shaw (2005) dalam Wikaningrum et al., 2018 menekankan bahwa untuk menjadi komunikator yang efektif, pimpinan harus berbagi dan menanggapi informasi secara tepat waktu, peka terhadap pandangan orang lain, berkomunikasi dengan jelas dan ringkas di semua tingkatan organisasi, dan menggunakan apapun yang tersedia dalam saluran komunikasi dan serta berbagai sumber komunikatif. Keterampilan komunikasi juga memainkan peran penting dalam mempengaruhi sikap dan juga kepuasan dari seorang karyawan (Wikaningrum et al., 2018). Bukan hanya puas dengan komunikasi dengan atasan, tapi juga dengan pekerjaan mereka (Wikaningrum et al., 2018). Kepemimpinan yang efektif tidak dapat diukur hanya dengan sejauh mana unit organisasi pimpinan telah berhasil menyelesaikan tugas-tugasnya dalam rangka mencapai tujuannya (Wikaningrum et al., 2018). Yang juga penting adalah proses kepemimpinan itu sendiri, yang pada gilirannya memengaruhi cara karyawan mempersepsikan gaya kepemimpinan atasan mereka (Wikaningrum et al., 2018). Karyawan memahami perilaku penyelia mereka berdasarkan terutama pada dua kategori yaitu, dalam kaitannya dengan sasaran tugas dan dalam kaitannya dengan hubungan interpersonal (Wikaningrum et al., 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 727,
"width": 454,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hubungan antara kepemimpinan dan komunikasi telah banyak diteliti oleh peneliti sebelumnya diantaranya: (Wikaningrum et al., 2018), (Al-Bogami, 2015), (Çetin et al., 2012),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 115,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://dinastirev.org/JMPIS ,",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 401,
"top": 38,
"width": 128,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 4, No. 1, Desember. 2022",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 470,
"top": 812,
"width": 50,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "319 | P a g e",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 65,
"width": 454,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Ayub et al., 2014), (Saputra, 2021), (Udin et al., 2019), (Clutterbuck & Hirst, 2002), (Zulch, 2014), (Diliani, 2017)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 104,
"width": 442,
"height": 662,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel. 1 Penelitian Sebelumnya No. Pengarang (Tahun) Hasil Penelitian Sebelumnya Persamaan Dengan Artikel Ini Perbedaan Dengan Artikel Ini 1. (Wikaningrum et al., 2018) gaya kepemimpinan dan keterampilan komunikasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan n tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara gaya kepemimpinan dan keterampilan komunikasi pemimpin pria dan wanita Meneliti tentang kepemimpinan dan komunikasi Adanya variabel tambahan yaitu kepuasan karyawan dan potensi perempuan dalam kepemimpinan 2. (Al-Bogami, 2015) keterampilan komunikasi yang tinggi di antara kepala departemen dan korelasi langsung yang signifikan secara statistik antara ketersediaan manajemen transformasional dan praktik keterampilan komunikasi yang efektif Meneliti tentang komunikasi Berfokus pada Keterampilan komunikasi dari Manajemen, Perbedaan obyek penelitian 3. (Çetin et al., 2012) Gaya kepemimpinan interaktif dan kompetensi komunikasi memiliki hubungan yang lebih kuat dengan kepuasan kerja Meneliti tentang kepemimpinan dan komunikasi Adanya variabel kepuasan kerja serta perbedaan obyek penelitian 4. (Ayub et al., 2014) Melalui model komunikasi kepemimpinan yang efektif, seorang pemimpin akan dapat berkomunikasi secara efektif sekaligus memberikan arahan di seluruh organisasi, tidak terkecuali bawahan sendiri di dalam organisasi Meneliti tentang kepemimpinan Model Komunikasi Kepemimpinan 5. (Saputra, 2021) Kepemimpinan, Komunikasi dan Motivasi Kerja menentukan keberhasilan organisasi profesi Meneliti tentang kepemimpinan dan komunikasi Adanya variabel motivasi, Perbedaan kerangka konseptual 6. (Udin et al., 2019) Gaya kepemimpinan dan keterampilan komunikasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan. Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan dalam gaya kepemimpinan dan keterampilan komunikasi antara pemimpin pria dan wanita Meneliti tentang kepemimpinan dan komunikasi Adanya variabel tambahan yaitu kepuasan karyawan dan potensi perempuan dalam kepemimpinan 7. (Clutterbuck & Hirst, 2002) Agar benar-benar efektif, baik pemimpin maupun manajer harus mengembangkan kesadaran diri mereka, menjadi panutan komunikasi dalam organisasi, dan belajar untuk mendorong dan mengelola perbedaan pendapat yang konstruktif Meneliti tentang komunikasi kepemimpinan Perbedaan obyek penelitian 8. (Zulch, 2014) Pengetahuan tentang karakteristik dan gaya Meneliti tentang komunikasi Perbedaan obyek penelitian",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 115,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://dinastirev.org/JMPIS ,",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 401,
"top": 38,
"width": 128,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 4, No. 1, Desember. 2022",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 470,
"top": 812,
"width": 50,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "320 | P a g e",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 65,
"width": 442,
"height": 206,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kepemimpinan yang diikuti oleh manajer proyek konstruksi akan memberikan kontribusi untuk memecahkan masalah komunikasi. kepemimpinan 9. (Diliani, 2017) konsistensi pemimpin, keterampilan komunikasi mendengarkan, keterampilan mengelola sumber daya dan taktik pertukaran menjadi perilaku terkuat yang terkait dengan kinerja pemerintah integritas (konsistensi) pribadi pemimpin dianggap lebih berkontribusi terhadap kinerja daerah daripada keterampilan pemimpin atau pengaruh pemimpin Meneliti tentang kepemimpinan Berfokus pada pimpinan eksekutif (walikota)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 289,
"width": 56,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 303,
"width": 455,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penulisan artikel ilmiah ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan studi literatur atau library research, dengan mengkaji buku – buku literatur sesuai dengan teori yang dibahas khususnya di bidang Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia dan juga menganalisis artikel – artikel ilmiah yang terkait. Semua artikel ilmiah yang disitasi bersumber dari Google Scholar, Emerald, Science Direct dan Dinasti.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 386,
"width": 158,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 399,
"width": 220,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gaya Komunikasi ( Communication Style )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 413,
"width": 454,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Komunikasi yang baik dalam suatu organisasi memiliki berbagai peran penting. Pertama, komunikasi adalah kunci untuk mengkoordinasikan kegiatan dalam organisasi. Tanpa komunikasi, personel didalam organisasi tidak mengetahui peran mereka, dan organisasi tidak dapat berfungsi secara efektif. Kedua, komunikasi memainkan peran dalam berbagi informasi, khususnya mengemukakan fakta, data, instruksi, dan arah antar unit dalam suatu organisasi. Ketiga, komunikasi sangat penting bagi penerima pesan untuk mengembangkan persahabatan dan membangun kepercayaan (Udin, 2018). Dalam hal ini, kepemimpinan berurusan dengan membangun hubungan sosial dalam organisasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 523,
"width": 454,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selama betahun-tahun gaya komunikasi telah diklasifikasikan kedalam berbagai dimensi mulai dari komunikasi yang dominan, yang ramah dan lain sebagainya. Komunikasi kepemimpinan terdiri dari lapisan keterampilan dari strategi inti, pengembangan teknis menulis dan berbicara yang efektif untuk digunakan dalam situasi organisasi yang lebih kompleks (Zulch, 2014). Seorang individu yang komunikatif memiliki kemampuan untuk menggunakan media komunikasi seperti gesture, language, voice secara efektif untuk mencapai tujuan (Stohl, 1984).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 620,
"width": 454,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Komunikasi dalam kelompok atau organisasi memiliki 4 fungsi utama (Halim & Razak, 2014):",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 647,
"width": 454,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Control. Melalui komunikasi, seorang pemimpin dapat menentukan baik tidaknya seorang karyawan dalam melakukan pekerjaan sesuai dengan kebutuhan organisasi, dan jika terjadi masalah terkait pekerjaan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 689,
"width": 454,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Motivation. Komunikasi menjadi motivator ketika seorang karyawan menerima penjelasan tentang peran apa yang harus mereka mainkan, pencapaian apa yang telah mereka raih, dan apa yang dapat dilakukan untuk memperbaikinya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 730,
"width": 454,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Emotional Expression. Bagi beberapa karyawan, bekerja dalam kelompok merupakan sumber utama dari interaksi sosial. Komunikasi memberikan kebebasan untuk mengekspresikan emosi dan memenuhi kebutuhan sosial.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 115,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://dinastirev.org/JMPIS ,",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 401,
"top": 38,
"width": 128,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 4, No. 1, Desember. 2022",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 470,
"top": 812,
"width": 50,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "321 | P a g e",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 65,
"width": 454,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Information. Setiap anggota organisasi membutuhkan informasi untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengevaluasi pilihan untuk proses pengambilan keputusan. Dengan tekanan persaingan yang dihadapi organisasi saat ini, perumusan strategi, pengambilan keputusan, motivasi, membangun tim, dan negosiasi membutuhkan kemampuan kepemimpinan dalam komunikasi yang efektif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 148,
"width": 212,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gaya Kepemimpinan ( Leadership Style )",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 162,
"width": 455,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebagian besar peneliti mengevaluasi keefektifan kepemimpinan berdasarkan konsekuensi dari tindakan pemimpin yang berdampak terhadap pengikut atau anggota di dalam organisasi. Menurut Cetin et al (2012) mengklasifikasikan gaya kepemimpinan yang mempengaruhi kepuasan kerja didalam organisasi yaitu transformational leadership, interactive leadership dan individual oriented leadership.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 231,
"width": 155,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Transformational leadership",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 244,
"width": 440,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Transformational leadership atau kepemimpinan transformasional menekankan pada pendekatan motivasi internal dan pengembangan kemampuan individu. Pemimpin dengan gaya transformasi menerima masukan pendapat dari anggota dan menyelaraskan dengan kebutuhan organisasi. Dengan begitu, pemimpin akan mendapatkan komitmen dan menginspirasi anggota untuk melampaui kinerja yang diharapkan (Sivanathan et al, 2002).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 313,
"width": 123,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Interactive leadership",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 327,
"width": 441,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Terdapat beberapa alasan yang menyebabkan kepemimpinan dengan gaya transformasional dan interaktif sangat menunjang kepuasan kerja (Cetin et al, 2012). Pertama, gaya kepemimpinan transformasional meningkatkan nilai karyawan dengan membangun hubungan yang dekat antar personal didalam organisasi. Kedua, kepemimpinan transformasional menjelaskan hubungan yang selaras antara anggota dengan organisasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 410,
"width": 441,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemimpin yang interaktif melakukan pendekatan kepada anggotanya dalam konteks maksud yang positif melalui isu yang disukai anggota seperti penyampaian tunjangan, bonus untuk menyiratkan maksud penambahan jam kerja lembur. Transaksi semacam itu merupakan bagian terpenting dalam membangun hubungan antara pemimpin dengan anggotanya. Menurut Hackman dan Johnson (2004) dalam Cetin et al (2012) yang membedakan kepemimpinan yang interaktif dan transformasional adalah melalui pendekatan teori hirarki kebutuhan Abraham Maslow. Kepemimpinan yang interaktif berfokus pada aspek psikologi, keamanan dan kebutuhan. Sedangkan kepemimpinan transformasional mempertemukan kebutuhan dasar anggotanya tetapi mereka melampaui pertukaran dengan mengikutsertakan anggota dalam segala aspek untuk memenuhi kebutuhan yang lebih tinggi seperti harga diri dan aktualisasi diri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 562,
"width": 169,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Individual Oriented Leadership",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 575,
"width": 440,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada perspektif pemimpin yang berorientasi sebagai individu, seorang pemimpin memainkan peran seorang diri dalam memulai dan mengelola perubahan didalam organisasi (Newton, 2002). Pemimpin dengan orientasi individu akan memperoleh tekanan yang sangat besar dalam melakukan perubahan dan keberhasilan organisasi yang dipimpinnya sangat dipengaruhi keterampilan komunikasi baik secara pribadi maupun ketika didalam tim (Stoner & Freeman, 1992)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 658,
"width": 454,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Michigan Leadership Study (1967) mengadakan penelitian tentang perilaku kepemimpinan yang efektif. Para karyawan mengklasifikasikan perilaku pemimpin mereka menjadi dua kelompok besar yaitu seorang pemimpin yang berorientasi pada tugas dan yang lainnya berorientasi pada hubungan personal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 713,
"width": 145,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Perilaku berorientasi tugas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 727,
"width": 440,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Seorang pemimpin yang berorientasi pada tugas, menggunakan waktu dan upaya mereka untuk berkonsentrasi pada tugas atau berorientasi pada fungsi pekerjaan yang berbeda dari karyawan mereka, seperti perencanaan dan koordinasi, pembagian aktivitas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 115,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://dinastirev.org/JMPIS ,",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 401,
"top": 38,
"width": 128,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 4, No. 1, Desember. 2022",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 470,
"top": 812,
"width": 50,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "322 | P a g e",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 65,
"width": 440,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "karyawan dan membantu karyawan menetapkan kinerja yang tinggi, namun tetap realistis sasaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 93,
"width": 167,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Perilaku berorientasi hubungan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 106,
"width": 441,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemimpin yang efektif tidak mengorbankan perhatian pada hubungan personal demi mencapai tujuan organisasi. Perilaku pemimpin yang mendukung gagasan ini termasuk menunjukkan kepercayaan dan kredibilitas, bertindak ramah dan peduli, berusaha memahami masalah karyawan, menunjukkan apresiasi terhadap gagasan karyawan ,dan memberikan pengakuan atas kontribusi dan prestasi mereka.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 189,
"width": 183,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Komunikasi dalam Kepemimpinan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 203,
"width": 455,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemimpin harus terus meningkatkan kemampuan dirinya, kemampuan dalam bentuk interpersonal skill dan intrapersonal skill. Gaya seorang pemimpin dalam berkomunikasi merupakan bagian dari interpersonal skill yang harus selalu ditingkatkan. Membangun keterampilan dalam berkomunikasi adalah proyek jangka panjang, namun akan lebih mudah dilakukan dengan hasrat tulus dari waktu ke waktu. Pemimpin dapat membangun komunikasi yang efektif (Clutterbuck et al, 2002) dengan cara:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 286,
"width": 454,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Belajar bagaimana menunjukkan kepercayaan pada orang lain, sebagai langkah pertama untuk memungkinkan mereka memberikan kepercayaan sebagai balasannya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 313,
"width": 378,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Membangun keterampilan dan keberanian diri dalam menghadapi masalah.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 327,
"width": 387,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Belajar mendorong dan memanfaatkan perbedaan pendapat yang konstruktif.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 341,
"width": 400,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Membangun kapasitas manajemen untuk mampu menyampaikan nilai-nilai inti.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 355,
"width": 454,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Menjadi role model bagi pemimpin potensial di masa depan dalam hal cara berkomunikasi dan bekerja sama dengan orang lain.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 396,
"width": 112,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Conceptual Framwork",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 410,
"width": 455,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan pembahasan diatas, dapat digambarkan conceptual framwork dari artikel ini mengenai komunikasi dan kepemimpinan sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 603,
"width": 84,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 617,
"width": 454,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan pembahasan diatas, dapat diambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut: komunikasi yang efektif terjadi ketika penerima pesan dapat menangkap maksud secara utuh dari pesan yang disampaikan oleh yang mengirim pesan sehingga tujuan dari komunikasi tersebut dapat tercapai. Gaya kepemimpinan akan membawa dampak pada cara individu seorang pemimpin dalam berkomunikasi dalam hubungan secara individu, dengan anggota tim maupun ketika mewakili sebuah kelompok. Seorang pemimpin akan menerapkan gaya komunikasi yang sesuai dengan karakter kepemimpinannya yang disesuaikan dengan tujuan organisasi. Oleh karena itu diperlukan pemahaman yang mendalam oleh seorang pemimpin untuk bisa melakukan komunikasi yang efektif dalam mencapai tujuan organisasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 453,
"width": 348,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cara berkomunikasi yang efektif Gaya Kepemimpinan Komunikasi Pemimpin yang Efektif",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 115,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://dinastirev.org/JMPIS ,",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 401,
"top": 38,
"width": 128,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 4, No. 1, Desember. 2022",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 470,
"top": 812,
"width": 50,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "323 | P a g e",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 65,
"width": 69,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "REFERENSI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 79,
"width": 454,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Al-Bogami, H. M. (2015). The Relationship between Transformational Management and Communication Skills among Heads of Departments of KAU. Procedia Computer Science , 1160-1164.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 120,
"width": 454,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ayub, S. H., Manaf, N. A., & Hamzah, M. R. (2014). Leadership: Communicating Strategically in the 21st Century. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 155 , 502- 506.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 162,
"width": 454,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Badjie, G. (2021). Leadership Should or Should Not Delegate Communication? (A Systematic Literature Review: The Art of Delegation). Eksis Jurnal Riset Ekonomi dan Bisnis , 67-78.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 203,
"width": 455,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cetin, M., Karabay, M. E., & Efe, M. N. (2012). The Effects of Leadership Styles and the Communication Competency of Bank Managers on The Employee's Job Satisfaction: The Case of Turkish Banks. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 58 , 227-235. Clutterbuck, D., & Hirst, S. (2002). Leadership Communication : A Status Report. Journal of Communication Management , 351-354.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 272,
"width": 455,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DILIANI, D. S. (2016). Identifying the Leadership Effectiveness of the Executive Leaders in Indonesia. International Journal of Administrative Science & Organization , 28-35. Karim, N. R., Rahman, S. S., & Salleh, N. (2014). The Influence of Managers Power On Their Leadership Style In Organization. E-Proceeding of the Conference on Management and Muamalah , 347-352.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 341,
"width": 455,
"height": 190,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Saputra, F. (2021). Kepemimpinan, Komunikasi, dan Motivasi Kerja Dalam Menentukan Keberhasilan Organisasi Profesi. Jurnal Hukum, Politik dan Humaniora , 59-70. Stohl, C. (1984). Quality circle and the quality of communication. Paper presented at the Speech Communication Association Convention. Chicago. Udin, U., Handayani, S., Yuniawan, A., & Rahardja, E. (2019). LEADERSHIP STYLES AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS AT INDONESIAN HIGHER EDUCATION: PATTERNS, INFLUENCES, AND APPLICATIONS FOR ORGANIZATION. ORGANIZATIONS AND MARKETS IN EMERGING ECONOMIES , 111-131. Wikaningrum, T., & Yuniawan, A. (2018). Hubungan Antara Gaya Kepemimpinan, Keterampilan Komunikasi dan Kepuasan Karyawan: Sebagai Studi Banding Kesempatan Kerja Yang Sama Dalam Kepemimpinan. Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen Bisnis dan Ritel . Zulch, B. (2014). Leadership communication in project management. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 119 , 172-181.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
9d1473ae-e817-0410-2d59-b8982aa2fc70 | https://publikasi.dinus.ac.id/index.php/estructural/article/download/1825/1281 | [
{
"left": 106,
"top": 35,
"width": 52,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "E-Structural",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 35,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-8844",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 46,
"width": 47,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol 1 No 1",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 46,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-9395",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 734,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "70",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 72,
"width": 369,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Subtitling Strategies of Po’s Utterances in Kung Fu Panda Movie",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 199,
"top": 95,
"width": 228,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1 Hiroka Putra Adinusa, 2 Rahmanti Asmarani",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 214,
"top": 119,
"width": 199,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1, 2 Universitas Dian Nuswantoro, Semarang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 243,
"top": 148,
"width": 139,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "( [email protected] )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 134,
"top": 185,
"width": 359,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Article History: Submitted 25 April 2018; Accepted 2 May 2018; Published date 28 June 2018",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 228,
"width": 389,
"height": 175,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Abstract. This research is entitled “Subtitling Strategies of Po’s Utterances in Kung Fu Panda Movie”. The aim of this research is to find out the subtitling strategies of Po’s Utterances in Kung Fu Panda Movie. This research used descriptive qualitative method to describe then analyze the subtitling strategies of Po’s utterances in Kung Fu Panda movie. The steps of analyzing data are: collecting the data, identifying the data, classifying the data, analyzing the data, and the last step is drawing the conclusion. Transfer strategy has the most frequency in Po’s utterances in Kung Fu Panda movie, the percentage reaching 53,91% over half of Po’s utterances. Transfer strategy is translated more easily because this strategy translating the source language completely and accurately into the target language. So it is easy to make the audience understand from the source language to the target language with the original meaning from this movie. Meanwhile, transcription has the least frequency in Po’s utterances, the percentage is 2,90%. Transcription strategy is found rarely because this strategy is used to translate a language when there exist unusual term in the source language (SL), like nonsense language and third language. So it is difficult to find out transcription strategy in Kung Fu Panda movie.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 417,
"width": 288,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Keywords: Subtitling Strategies, Transcription, Transfer, Utterances",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 440,
"width": 405,
"height": 188,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Abstrak. Penelitian ini berjudul “Strategi Penerjemahan pada Ujaran Po sebagai tokoh utama di Film “Kung Fu Panda” dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui strategi penerjemahan ujaran Po di film Kung Fu Panda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk menjelaskan dan menganalisis strategi penerjemahan ujaran Po di film “Kung Fu Panda”. Tahapan-tahapan analisis adalah : mengumpulkan data, mengidentifikasi data, mengelompokkan data, menganalisis data, dan tahap terakhir adalah mengambil kesimpulan. Strategi transfer memiliki frekuensi paling tinggi dalam ujaran Po di film Kung Fu Panda, dengan persentase mencapai 53,91% lebih dari setengah ujaran Po. Strategi transfer merupakan strategi yang lebih mudah digunakan karena strategi ini menerjemahkan bahasa sumber secara lengkap dan akurat ke dalam bahasa sasaran. Jadi lebih mudah untuk membuat penonton mengerti bahasa sumber ke bahasa target melalui makna asli dari film tersebut. Sementara, transkripsi memiliki frekuensi terendah dalam ujaran Po, persentasenya 2,90%. Strategi transkripsi jarang ditemukan karena strategi ini digunakan untuk menerjemahkan bahasa ketika ada istilah yang tidak biasa dalam bahasa sumber (BS), seperti kata-kata yang tidak bermakna atau bahasa lain. Dengan demikian strategi transkripsi tidak banyak ditemukan dalam film “Kung Fu Panda” ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 644,
"width": 269,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kata kunci: strategi penerjemahan, transkripsi, transfer, ujaran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 35,
"width": 52,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "E-Structural",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 35,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-8844",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 46,
"width": 47,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol 1 No 1",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 46,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-9395",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 734,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "71",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 71,
"width": 96,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "INTRODUCTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 95,
"width": 416,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Each country has a different requirement when it comes to translating film, the major of translation modes is subtitling. Subtitling is supplying a translation of the spoken source language dialogue into the target language in the form of synchronized captions, usually at the bottom of the screen, is the form that alters the source text to the least possible extent and enables the target audience to experience the foreign and be aware of its foreignness at all times (Szarkowska, 2005:2). From this definition it can be concluded that subtitling aims to make audience feel the story experience, then to get the message in the target language simultaneously.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 210,
"width": 416,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "In short, subtitling translates the pronunciation in the source language (SL) into written language in the target language (TL). Most popular movies come from Hollywood and English speaking countries like USA (United States of America) and United Kingdom (England). So, subtitling is one of the most important things in movies, because subtitling has given many benefits in movies or films. For example, it is very helpful to understand the message from the source language (English) to the target language (Indonesian language) on the subtitle of the movie screen. With subtitling, the audience can enjoy the foreign movies or films by reading the translated subtitle of the movie screen without having misunderstanding.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 338,
"width": 416,
"height": 192,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Translation is a process of conveying meanings from source language (SL) to another language positioned as the target language (TL), which is used here from the source language (English) into the target language (Indonesian language). Based on the theory from (Newmark, 1981:7) Translation is “a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message or statement in one language by the same message or statement in another language”. Translating the dialogue from the source language (SL) into the target language (TL) in the movies is not easy assignment for the translator. A good subtitle is when the translator can bring the viewer to the same experience as well as the original viewer (Nornes, 1999:4). Translation is replacement process of textual material in source language (SL) by equivalent textual material in target language (TL), which it can be in the verbal or textual manner, with two different languages. There are several definitions of translation that have been stated by several experts. One of the definition is from Mildred Larson (1991:17) stated that the ideal translation will be accurate as to meaning and natural as to the receptor language forms used. The success of a translation is measured by how closely it measures up to these ideals. The ideal translation can be summed up as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 542,
"width": 370,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Accurate (reproducing as exactly as possible the meaning of the source text).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 555,
"width": 427,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Natural (using natural form of the receptor language in a way that is appropriate to the kind of text being translated).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 581,
"width": 427,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Communicative (expressing all aspects of the meaning in a way that is readily understable to the intended audience).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 618,
"width": 416,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Furthermore is translation process. Translation process is a process to make a right translation in translation study. According to Harianto’s statement, there are two concepts in translation process consisting of old concept and modern concept. Old concept translation means that the translation is just transferring the message from the source language into the target language. Whilst in modern concept which is stated by Nida and Taber (1974:33), they say that translating process used for:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 35,
"width": 52,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "E-Structural",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 35,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-8844",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 46,
"width": 47,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol 1 No 1",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 46,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-9395",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 734,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "72",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 71,
"width": 427,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Analyzing or understanding the meaning, the concept, and the message of the source language.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 97,
"width": 402,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Transferring the result of analysis into the similar message into the target language.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 110,
"width": 409,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Restructuring the transferred message into good target language by equivalent words.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 134,
"width": 416,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The translator should know the correct strategies and creative in choosing correct diction. Meanwhile, the film translator should give the target audience to experience the foreign language. However, the translator should put their knowledge and competence in their translation. The translator should find a way to express the meaning of the source language to acceptable and correct strategies in the target language. Furthermore, based on subtitling strategies theory from Gottlieb (1992:166) there are ten strategies that can be applied such as expansion, paraphrase, transfer, imitation, transcription, dislocation, condensation, decimation, deletion, and resignation. The translator can use the theory above to translate the subtitles in the movies or films.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 262,
"width": 416,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Translator is someone who has ability to convert, interpret, and deliver the written idea from the source language (SL) to the target language (TL). In translating movies, a translator should knowing the correct strategies and be creative in choosing correct diction. Meanwhile, the movie translator should give the target audience to experience the foreign language and put their knowledge in their translation. In this case, the translator should transfer the source language (English) to the target language (Indonesia). (There are statements that correlate to the ability of translator should have according to Basnett 1991:8):",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 375,
"width": 427,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Accept the untranslatability of the source language phrase in the target language on the linguistic level",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 401,
"width": 324,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Accept the lack of a similar cultural convention in target language.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 414,
"width": 427,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Consider the range of target language phrases available, having regard to the presentation of class,status,age,his relationship to the listeners and the context of their meeting in the source language.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 453,
"width": 427,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. Consider the significance of the phrase in its particular contextas a moment of high tension in the dramatic text.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 479,
"width": 427,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5. Replace in the target language the invariant core of the source language phrase in its two referential systems of culture out of which the text has sprung.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 517,
"width": 416,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Audiovisual translation is a specialized branch of translation which deals with the transfer of multimodal and multimedia texts into another language and culture. Audiovisual Translation is divided into two forms, consisting of Subtitling and Dubbing. “Subtitling is visual, involving the superposition of a written text into the screen. Dubbing, on the other hand is oral, it is one of a number of translation methods which makes use of the acoustic channel in screen translation” (Baker and Hochel, 1998:74).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 605,
"width": 416,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Furthermore, the reason why the researchers chose Po’s utterances because Po has the most conversations than others in the movie. “Kung Fu Panda” is a 2008 comedy action movie distributed by Paramount Pictures and produced by Dreamworks Animation. It was directed by Mark Osborne and John Stevenson. “Kung Fu Panda” first premiered in the United States of America on June, 6 th 2008. The researchers chose this movie as the data research because the storyline is interesting and there are many famous actors or actress who dubbed on each character in this movie like Jake Blake (Po), Angelina Jolie (Tigress), Lucy Liu (Viper), and Jackie Chan (Monkey). Kung Fu Panda movie has received many awards, it won the Annie Awards for Best Character Design, Best Storyboarding, Best",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 35,
"width": 52,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "E-Structural",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 35,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-8844",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 46,
"width": 47,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol 1 No 1",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 46,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-9395",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 734,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "73",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 71,
"width": 416,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Music, Best Voice Acting, Best Writing, and many more. Meanwhile, this movie also received the Nickelodeon Kids Choice Award for Favorite Voice. Those Annie and Nickelodeon Awards were obtained in 2009. The movie tells the story about student of Master Shifu, named Po, Po is a lazy giant panda and the biggest fan of kung fu. Meanwhile, He has kindhearted goose father in his noodle eatery, his name is Mr. Ping. Po have a dream to be a kung fu master, his dream came true when he chosen by Master Oogway into the new dragon warrior to join with the furious five, and trained by Master Shifu to beat Tai Lung (the wicked snow leopard) as adoptive son, ex student of Master Shifu and save the world from all enemies.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 199,
"width": 416,
"height": 205,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Subtitle is a text of the language that has been translated from the dialogue in the movie, film, video, television program and usually displayed at the bottom of the screen when we play it. That subtitle may be a translation of a dialogue in a foreign language or written from a dialogue in the same language, to make the audience to understand more easily the language and help them to follow the dialogue in the movies or films. Based on theory from Baker (2001:247) subtitles are textual version of the dialogue in films and television programs, it can be defined as the transcription of film or TV dialogue presented simultaneously on the screen. Based on theory from Gottlieb, subtitles are displayed at the bottom of screen and in the middle position, the minimum duration of subtitle is 3 second and the maximum time of subtitle is 5 second. Then for two lines the duration is 7 second and the maximum is 8 second. For the one line, subtitle itself is consider 40 characters (35 characters in Europe) and for the second line is shorter than the first one, including of space and punctuation. Subtitles exist in two forms, it contains open subtitles (open to all and cannot be turned off by the viewer, such as karaoke song lyrics.) and closed subtitles (usually can be turned on/off or selected by the viewer, such as being DVD Bitmap subtitles and DVD Blu-ray subtitles).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 418,
"width": 416,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Another arrangement to translate the subtitle is applying the subtitling strategies. As translation procedures, subtitling strategies is a technical devices in translation world. Meanwhile, subtitling is used to transfer the meaning of dialogues in one language into a text in another language. Based on subtitling strategies theory from Henrik Gottlieb (1992:166) there are ten strategies, consisting of expansion, paraphrase, transfer, imitation, transcription, dislocation, condensation, decimation, deletion, and resignation. The example of subtitling strategies can be summed up as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 518,
"width": 68,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Expansion",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 542,
"width": 416,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Expansion is a strategy which is used when the dialogue in the source language (SL) needs an explanation in the target language (TL) to make the audience more understand, especially language that consists of culture.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 592,
"width": 49,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Example:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 615,
"width": 196,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "SL: Use your left! TL: Gunakan tinju kirimu! (Naomi Ventria Nauly Simanjuntak, 2013)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 663,
"width": 73,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Paraphrase",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 688,
"width": 416,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Paraphrase is a strategy used by changing the construction of the source language (SL) into the target language (TL) but the meaning still maintained and easier to understand.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 35,
"width": 52,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "E-Structural",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 35,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-8844",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 46,
"width": 47,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol 1 No 1",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 46,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-9395",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 734,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "74",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 71,
"width": 49,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Example:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 93,
"width": 322,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "SL: We’re getting a ton of heat from the police out here on the video. TL: Kita dapatkan pernyataan keras dari polisi disini tentang video itu. (Ineke Hartanto P, 2016)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 142,
"width": 59,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Transfer",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 166,
"width": 416,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Transfer is a strategy used to translate the source language (SL) completely and correctly to the target language (TL).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 203,
"width": 46,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Example:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 226,
"width": 262,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "SL: ...have many friends, many experiences. TL: ...punya banyak teman, banyak pengalaman. (Widiastuti, Ni Made Ayu and Ni Putu Krisnawati, 2010)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 274,
"width": 62,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. Imitation",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 298,
"width": 416,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Imitation is a strategy used to rewrite the word of original text. Imitation usually used to translate the name of character, city, places, name of magazine, journal, newspapers, name of company, institution and address.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 348,
"width": 49,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Example:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 371,
"width": 161,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "SL: And her name was Maleficent. TL: Dan namanya ialah Maleficent. (Rr. Gustin Zora Aveline, 2015)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 419,
"width": 84,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5. Transcription",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 443,
"width": 416,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Transcription is a strategy used to translate a language when there exist unusual term in the source language (SL), like nonsense language and third language.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 480,
"width": 49,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Example:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 503,
"width": 265,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "SL: Jiu-jitsu, muay thai, and a thousand styles in between. TL: Jiu-jitsu, muay thai, dan ratusan lainnya. (Naomi Ventria Nauly Simanjuntak, 2013)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 551,
"width": 71,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "6. Dislocation",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 575,
"width": 416,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dislocation is a strategy used when the source language (SL) employs some sort of special effect, for example a silly song in a cartoon film, where the translation of the effect is more important than the content.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 626,
"width": 46,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Example:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 648,
"width": 346,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "SL: Spider-Pig, Spider-Pig, does whatever a Spider-Pig does, can he swing, from a web? No he can’t, he’s a pig, Look out! He is Spider Pig.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 674,
"width": 316,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "TL: Babi Laba-laba, Babi Laba-laba. Melakukan apapun yang dilakukan Babi Laba-laba. Dapatkah Ia berayun dari jaringnya? Tidak bisa, dia seekor babi. Lihatlah. Dia seekor Babi Laba-laba.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 713,
"width": 166,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "(Astuti, 2009 in Simanjuntak, 2013)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 35,
"width": 52,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "E-Structural",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 35,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-8844",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 46,
"width": 47,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol 1 No 1",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 46,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-9395",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 734,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "75",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 71,
"width": 83,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "7. Condensation",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 95,
"width": 416,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Condensation is a strategy of translating by reducing the text from the source language (SL) to the target language (TL) without losing the original content.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 132,
"width": 49,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Example:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 155,
"width": 158,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "SL: No, the day after her birthday. TL: Tidak, sehari setelahnya. (Rr. Gustin Zora Aveline, 2015)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 203,
"width": 72,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "8. Decimation",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 227,
"width": 416,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Decimation is omitting important element that are confusing the audience and some taboo words.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 265,
"width": 49,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Example:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 287,
"width": 127,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "SL: I made a mistake! Shit! TL: Aku salah (Ineke Hartanto P, 2016)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 336,
"width": 57,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "9. Deletion",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 359,
"width": 416,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Deletion is deliberate exclusion of the entire source language and less important aspects. For example, the elimination of text like repetition of words.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 397,
"width": 49,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Example:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 419,
"width": 215,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "SL: Did I read it? Yeah. I read it. TL: Apa aku membacanya? Aku membacanya. (Ineke Hartanto P, 2016)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 468,
"width": 79,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "10. Resignation",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 492,
"width": 416,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Resignation is a strategy used when the translator does not find the solution in translating the SL subtitle and that the meaning is inevitably lost.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 529,
"width": 46,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Example:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 551,
"width": 262,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "SL: It begins when the object of your affection... TL: NO TRANSLATION (Widiastuti, Ni Made Ayu and Ni Putu Krisnawati, 2010)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 613,
"width": 54,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "METHOD",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 637,
"width": 416,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Descriptive qualitative method is used in this research for the subtitling strategies of Po’s utterances in “Kung Fu Panda movie”. Descriptive qualitative method is a research method to describe the object or subject of the research based on the phenomena or reality. The researchers chose descriptive qualitative method because the aim of this research is to explain the phenomena of translation, especially the subtitling strategies which are used in “Kung Fu Panda movie”. The unit of analysis of this research is the utterances of Po, as a",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 35,
"width": 52,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "E-Structural",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 35,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-8844",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 46,
"width": 47,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol 1 No 1",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 46,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-9395",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 734,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "76",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 71,
"width": 416,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "main character and then grouped into subtitle of “Kung Fu Panda movie”. Both source and target language are English and Indonesian language as the data to be analyzed. The data of this research were taken from “Kung Fu Panda” original DVD distributed by Paramount Pictures and produced by Dreamworks Animation. This movie got score 82 from Rotten Tomatoes. “Kung Fu Panda” is American comedy action movie directed by Mark Osborne and John Stevenson, and released on 2008. The data of this research is 345 utterances of Po, consisting of English (SL) and Indonesian (TL) subtitle from the conversation of the original movie.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 197,
"width": 153,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 222,
"width": 416,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "This research data is Po’s utterances in “Kung Fu Panda” movie. The researchers watched the “Kung Fu Panda” movie several times to note all English (SL) and Indonesian (TL) subtitles by the main character. The researchers only collected the dialogues that were said by Po as the main character in “Kung Fu Panda” movie and classified data based on subtitling strategies. Those can be seen in the chart below:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 296,
"width": 345,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Table 4 Findings No Translation Strategies Data Percentage 1 Expansion 19 5,51% 2 Paraphrase 22 6,38% 3 Transfer 186 53,91% 4 Imitation 26 7,54% 5 Transcription 10 2,90% 6 Condensation 36 10,43% 7 Deletion 46 13,33% TOTAL 345 100%",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 435,
"width": 416,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Table 4.1 show 345 Po’s utterances found in Kung Fu Panda movie. The researchers found 345 subtitling strategies of Po’s utterances in Kung Fu Panda movie. Those subtitling strategies are 19 (5,51%) data using expansion strategies, 22 (6,38%) data using paraphrase strategies, 186 (53,91%) data using transfer strategies, 26 (7,54%) data using imitation strategies, 10 (2,90%) data using transcription strategies, 36 (10,43%) data using condensation strategies, and 46 (13,33%) data using deletion strategies. Transfer strategy has more frequency in Po’s utterances in Kung Fu Panda movie, the percentage reaching 53,91% over half of Po’s utterances. Transfer strategy is translated easier because this strategy translating the source language completely and accurately into the target language. So it is easy to make the audience understand from source language to target language with the original meaning from this movie.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 588,
"width": 416,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Meanwhile, transcription has the least frequency in Po’s utterances, the percentage is 2,90%. Transcription strategy is found rarely because this strategy is used to translate a language when there exist unusual term in the source language, like nonsense language and third language. So it is difficult to find out transcription strategy in Kung Fu Panda movie. Based on the research, some subtitling strategies are used to translate Po’s utterances in “Kung Fu Panda” movie. Discussions of each subtitling strategies are as follow:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 35,
"width": 52,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "E-Structural",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 35,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-8844",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 46,
"width": 47,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol 1 No 1",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 46,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-9395",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 734,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "77",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 71,
"width": 65,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Expansion",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 95,
"width": 416,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Expansion is a strategy used when the dialogue in the source language (SL) needs an explanation in the target language (TL) to make the audience understand more, especially language that consist of culture. These are some example where the strategy is used:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 143,
"width": 140,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 1 (Utterance 26) SL: Coming! TL: Aku datang!",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 187,
"width": 416,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The strategy used in the utterance above is expansion strategy. This strategy is used to translate the source language “ Coming! ” into the target language “ Aku datang! ” The translator added the word “ aku ” in the target language because from the scene where the dialogue appears, Mr. Ping as Po’s father in this movie told Po to finish his job. After that Po came down from the second floor to finish his job and then say “ Coming! ”So, the translator translated the utterance by adding the word “ aku ” to describe the persons involved in this scene, and that is refers to Po.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 301,
"width": 140,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 2 (Utterance 17)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 312,
"width": 152,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "SL: the Furious Five TL: Lima Pendekar Terganas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 345,
"width": 416,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The utterance above is translated into target language by using expansion strategy. This strategy is used to translate the source language “ the Furious Five ” into the target language “ Lima Pendekar Terganas ”. The translator added the word “ pendekar ” in the target language, the word “ pendekar ” is added to describe five actors named Monkey, Mantis, Crane, Viper and Tigress who helped Po beat an enemies in this movie. So, by adding word “ pendekar ” in the target language, it would make the audience as the target understand clearly the subtitle between the context of this scene.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 455,
"width": 140,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 3 (Utterance 45)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 466,
"width": 419,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "SL: Everyone! Get to the Jade Palace! One of the Five is gonna get the Dragon Scroll!",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 487,
"width": 389,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "TL: Semua! Datang ke Istana Giok! 1 dari 5 akan dapat gulungan Naskah Naga!",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 520,
"width": 416,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The translator used expansion strategy to translate the source language “Everyone! Get to the Jade Palace! One of the Five is gonna get the Dragon Scroll!” Into the target language “Semua! Datang ke Istana Giok! 1 dari 5 akan dapat gulungan Naskah Naga!” Because, if not using this strategy “the Dragon Scroll!” translated into “Gulungan Naga!” So, the translator added the word “Naskah” in the target language as the meaning from expansion strategy. The word “Naskah” is used to explain the meaning of the utterance “Dragon Scroll” in the source language because Po as the main character in this movie invite all customer to visit Jade Palace and see who are gonna get the Dragon Scroll.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 643,
"width": 214,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 4 (Utterance 182) SL: I’m not like the five . TL: Aku tak seperti kelompok lima itu .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 688,
"width": 416,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The utterance above is translated into target language by using expansion strategy. This strategy is used to translate the source language “ I’m not like the five. ” into the target language “ Aku tak seperti kelompok lima itu ” . The utterance of “ kelompok lima itu ” refers",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 35,
"width": 52,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "E-Structural",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 35,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-8844",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 46,
"width": 47,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol 1 No 1",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 46,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-9395",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 734,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "78",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 71,
"width": 416,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "to Monkey, Mantis, Crane, Viper and Tigress. If the translator not using this strategy “ the five ” translated into “ kelima ” . In this scene a dejected Po is standing under a peach tree on a hill and Oogway approaches with a glowing lantern. Po said to Oogway that he is not upset and tells that the five totally hate him, after that Po sit down and then Oogway look at him for a moment.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 155,
"width": 411,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 5 (Utterance 220) SL: Try my dad’s Secret Ingredient Soup . He knows the secret ingredient. TL: Kau harus coba Sup Resep Rahasia ayahku . Dia tahu bumbu rahasianya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 199,
"width": 416,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The strategy used in the utterance above is expansion strategy. The translator use this strategy to translate the source language “ Try my dad’s Secret Ingredient Soup. He knows the secret ingredient ” into the target language “ Kau harus coba Sup Resep Rahasia ayahku. Dia tahu bumbu rahasianya ” . If the translator not using expansion strategy “ Try my dad’s Secret Ingredient Soup ” translated into “ coba Sup Resep Rahasia ayahku ” . The translator added sentence “ Kau harus ” in the target language because in this scene Po as the main character told all his friend in kitchen that they should try the secret ingredients soup of his father.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 313,
"width": 73,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Paraphrase",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 336,
"width": 416,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Paraphrase is a strategy used by changing the construction of the source language (SL) into the target language (TL) but the meaning still maintained and easier to understand. These are some example where the strategy is used:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 384,
"width": 344,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 6 (Utterance 138) SL: I'm a blur . You've never seen bear style. TL: Aku secepat kilat . Kau tak pernah melihat jurus beruang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 428,
"width": 416,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The strategy used in the utterance above is paraphrase strategy. It occurs in the source language “ I'm a blur. You've never seen bear style ” which is translated into “ Aku secepat kilat. Kau tak pernah melihat jurus beruang ” in the target language. “ I’m a blur ” is translated literally into “ Aku kabur ”. But, it didn’t sound natural because, in this scene when Po did an exercise with puppet, he wanted to show that his movements fast as lightning. So, the translator translated the source language “ I’m a blur ” into “ Aku secepat kilat ” in the target language because it sounds more natural toward the situation in this scene.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 540,
"width": 158,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 7 (Utterance 38) SL: Why didn’t you? TL: Kenapa kau tak minggat?",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 585,
"width": 416,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The paraphrase strategy is used to translate the source language “ Why didn’t you? ” into the target language “ Kenapa kau tak minggat? ”. If the source language is translated literally, it says “ mengapa tidak kamu? ” . On the other hand, the utterance “ Kenapa kau tak minggat? ” means to represent the meaning of “ Why didn’t you? ” in the source language. In this conversation, the main character who talked is Po. The utterance occurs when Po give a suggestion to his father who thought about running away and learning how to make tofu by saying “ Why didn’t you? ”. If the translator translated it into “ mengapa tidak kamu? ” instead, this meaning is not suitable with the context of situation on the scene. So, the translator has chosen the utterance “ Kenapa kau tak minggat? ” to represent the meaning of",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 35,
"width": 52,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "E-Structural",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 35,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-8844",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 46,
"width": 47,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol 1 No 1",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 46,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-9395",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 734,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "79",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 71,
"width": 415,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "“ Why didn’t you? ” in this subtitle to make the audience easier to understand in the target language.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 116,
"width": 316,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 8 (Utterance 132) SL: OK. I just ate, so I’m still digesting. TL: Baiklah. Aku baru saja makan, biar agak turun dulu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 160,
"width": 416,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The utterance above used paraphrase strategy to translate the source language and target language. It occurs in the source language“ so I’m still digesting ” which is translated into “ biar agak turun dulu ” in the target language. “ so I’m still digesting ” is translated literally into “ jadi aku masih mencerna ”. But, it didn’t sound natural because, in this scene Po still hesitate to join exercise in the jade palace, and then he said “ so I’m still digesting ” as the reason to postpone an exercise. So, the translator translated the source language “so I’m still digesting ” into “ biar agak turun dulu ” in the target language because it sounds easier to understand and more natural.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 272,
"width": 146,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 9 (Utterance 301) SL: OK, here goes. TL: Baik, aku akan baca.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 317,
"width": 416,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The paraphrase strategy is used to translate the source language “ OK, here goes ” into the target language “ Baik, aku akan baca ” . If the source language is translated literally, it says “ Baik, ini dia ”. On the other hand, the utterance “ aku akan baca ” means to represent the meaning of “ here goes ” in the source language. In this scene, Master Shifu as Po’s teacher take the dragon scroll and give it to Po as the dragon warrior chosen by Master Oogway. After that Po said “ OK, here goes ” and start to read the dragon scroll, but he was surprised that the dragon scroll was blank. So, the translator used the utterance “ aku akan baca ” to represent the meaning of “ here goes ” in this subtitle to make the audience easier to understand in the target language.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 442,
"width": 377,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 10 (Utterance 306) SL: Come on! Face it , he picked me by accident. TL: Jangan konyol! Terima kenyataan , dia cuma kebetulan memilihku.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 486,
"width": 416,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The translator used paraphrase strategy to translate the utterance above. It occurs in the source language “ Come on! Face it, he picked me by accident ”which is translated into “ Jangan konyol! Terima kenyataan, dia cuma kebetulan memilihku ” in the target language. “ Come on! Face it ”is translated literally into “ Ayo! Hadapilah ”. But, it didn’t sound natural and not suitable with the context of situation because from the scene where the dialogue appears, Po opened the dragon scroll and see it’s empty, he didn’t believe that he was a dragon warrior chosen by Master Oogway and assumes that Master Oogway picked him by accident. So, the translator has chosen the utterance “ Jangan konyol! Terima kenyataan ” to represent the meaning of “ Come on! Face it ” in this subtitle to make the audience easier to understand in the target language.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 627,
"width": 416,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The translator used paraphrase strategy to translate the source language because the translator wants to make the utterance sounds natural and make the audience easier to understand what the actor means. The translator also used more expressive words to overcome the problem in translation by using this strategy.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 35,
"width": 52,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "E-Structural",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 35,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-8844",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 46,
"width": 47,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol 1 No 1",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 46,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-9395",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 734,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "80",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 71,
"width": 59,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Transfer",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 95,
"width": 416,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Transfer is a strategy used to translate the source language (SL) completely and correctly into the target language (TL). These are some example where the strategy is used:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 140,
"width": 288,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 11 (Utterance 1) SL: Legend tells of a legendary warrior TL: Legenda mengisahkan tentang pendekar legendaris",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 184,
"width": 416,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The dialogue above used transfer strategy to translate the source language and target language. It can be seen from the utterance “ Legend tells of a legendary warrior ” in the source language which translated into the target language “ Legenda mengisahkan tentang pendekar legendaris ” . In this scene Po had a dream that he is a legendary warrior who save the world from enemies. From the context of the scene there is no change of the meaning from both of the language because the dialogue is uttered by the actors that showed the real act from the scene in this movie. So, the meaning of the subtitle and the context of this scene is suitable.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 297,
"width": 175,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 12 (Utterance 37) SL: Something besides noodles? TL: Sesuatu selain mie?",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 341,
"width": 416,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "From the utterance in this scene, it can be seen that the source language and target language used transfer strategy. The utterance “ Something besides noodles? ” in the source language is translated into “ Sesuatu selain mie? ”in the target language without adding or deleting some word. The translator translated literally in the utterance above and doesn’t change the form of the source language “ Something besidesnoodles? ” into the target language “ Sesuatu selain mie? ”. Both of them still become interrogative form. From the context of this scene, the utterance doesn’t change the interrogative form in the dialogue which is talked by the main character named Po to ask his father the reason why he still make noodles. In the target language the form and the meaning of the subtitle with the context does not change.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 479,
"width": 180,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 13 (Utterance 33) SL: Careful! That soup is sharp . TL: Hati-hati! Sop itu tajam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 523,
"width": 416,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The translator used transfer strategy to translate the utterance from the source language into the target language. The translator translated the utterance “ Careful! That soup is sharp ” into “ Hati-hati! Sop itu tajam ” without adding or deleting some words in the source language and target language. It can be seen on the scene when Po served a bowl of noodles to the customer. So, the meaning of the utterance has the same meaning of the subtitle and the context story in this scene.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 620,
"width": 383,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 14 (Utterance 21) SL: Because when you're facing the 10,000 demons of Demon Mountain. TL: Karena ketika kau menghadapi 10.000 iblis dari gunung iblis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 675,
"width": 416,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "From the utterance above, it can be seen that the source language and the target language used transfer strategy. The utterance “ Because when you're facing the 10,000 demons of Demon Mountain ” in the source language is translated into “ Karena ketika kau menghadapi 10.000 iblis dari gunung iblis ” in the target language without adding or",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 35,
"width": 52,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "E-Structural",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 35,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-8844",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 46,
"width": 47,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol 1 No 1",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 46,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-9395",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 734,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "81",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 71,
"width": 416,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "deleting some word. It can be seen on the scene when Po and the furious five face the enemies and attack together in his dream.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 105,
"width": 338,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 15 (Utterance 217) SL: If he could read my mind, he will say, “What?” TL: Jika dia bisa membaca pikiranku, dia akan bilang, “Apa?”",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 150,
"width": 416,
"height": 152,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Transfer strategy is used to translate the utterance above. The utterance “ If he could read my mind, he will say, “ What? ”in the source language which is translated into the target language “ Jika dia bisa membaca pikiranku, dia akan bilang, “ Apa? ” without adding and deleting some word. It can be seen on the scene when Po is cooking and telling a story for the furious five in the kitchen. From the context of the scene there is no change of the meaning from both of the language because the dialogue is uttered by the actors that showed the real act from the scene in this movie. So, the meaning of the subtitle and the context of this scene is suitable. From the excerpt above, the translator used transfer strategy because all the words were translated literally. There is no added explanation or deletion of words in those excerpt. There is no change of the words in the source language to the target language here, it can be seen from the excerpt above, both source language and target language are translated completely, correctly and refers to the same meaning.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 317,
"width": 59,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. Imitation",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 341,
"width": 416,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Imitation is a strategy used to rewrite the word of original text. Imitation usually used to translate the name of character, city, places, name of magazine, journal, newspaper, name of company, institution and address. These are some example where the strategy is used:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 388,
"width": 304,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 16 (Utterance 44) SL: Master Oogway choosing the Dragon Warrior! Today! TL: Guru Oogway memilih Pendekar Naga! Hari ini!",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 443,
"width": 416,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Imitation strategy is used to translate the source language “ Master Oogway choosing the Dragon Warrior! Today! ” into the target language “ Guru Oogway memilih Pendekar Naga! Hari ini! ”. The translator rewrote the word “ Oogway ” into the target language. Based on this movie, “ Oogway ” is a name of the old turtle who chose Po to be a dragon warrior and Shifu’s teacher.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 516,
"width": 288,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 17 (Utterance 116) SL: Developed by Master Wuxi in the Third Dynasty. TL: Dikembangkan oleh Guru Wuxi dari Dinasti ke-3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 561,
"width": 416,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The translator used imitation strategy to translate the source language “ Developed by Master Wuxi in the Third Dynasty ” into the target language “ Dikembangkan oleh Guru Wuxi dari Dinasti ke-3 ”. The translator rewrote the word “ Wuxi ” into the target language. Based on the movie, “ Wuxi ” is a name of the legendary warrior who created the Wuxi Finger Hold.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 634,
"width": 310,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 18 (Utterance 212) SL: You may be the scariest bandit in Haijin Province. TL: Kau mungkin bandit tersadis di Provinsi Haijin.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 678,
"width": 416,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Name of place above is translated into imitation strategy. The translator translated the source language “ You may be the scariest bandit in Haijin Province ” . into the target language “ Kau mungkin bandit tersadis di Provinsi Haijin ” . The translator rewrote the",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 35,
"width": 52,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "E-Structural",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 35,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-8844",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 46,
"width": 47,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol 1 No 1",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 46,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-9395",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 734,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "82",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 71,
"width": 416,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "word “ Haijin ” into the target language. “ Haijin ” is a name of province which located in China.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 105,
"width": 180,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 19 (Utterance 233) SL: I’m gonna stop Tai Lung. TL: Aku akan hentikan Tai Lung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 150,
"width": 416,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The utterance above used imitation strategy to translate the source language “ I’m gonna stop Tai Lung ”. into the target language “ Aku akan hentikan Tai Lung ”. The translator rewrote the word “ Tai Lung ” into the target language. Based on this movie, “ Tai Lung ” is a name of the wicked snow leopard, Po’s enemy and former Shifu’s student.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 210,
"width": 209,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 20 (Utterance 309) SL: But Shifu, he’ll kill you. TL: Tapi Shifu, dia akan membunuhmu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 254,
"width": 416,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The translator used imitation strategy to translate the source language “ But Shifu, he’ll kill you ”. into the target language “ Tapi Shifu, dia akan membunuhmu ”. The translator rewrote the word “ Shifu ” into the target language. Based on this movie, “ Shifu ” is a name of the red panda and Po’s teacher who trained him to be a dragon warrior.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 317,
"width": 416,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Based on the excerpt above we can conclude the translator used the imitation strategy when there was a name of character, person, place, country, etc found in the source language. The translator didn’t translate them into another word. So, the target language will maintain the same word with the source language of the utterance.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 381,
"width": 79,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5. Transcription",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 407,
"width": 416,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Transcription is a strategy used to translate a language when there exist unusual term in SL, like nonsense language and third language. These are some example where the strategy is used:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 454,
"width": 141,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 21 (Utterance 7) SL: Shashabooey! TL: Shashabooey!",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 498,
"width": 416,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The utterance “ Shashabooey! ” in the source language is translated into “ Shashabooey! ” in the target language by using transcription strategy. The word in the source language that used this strategy is “ Shashabooey! ”. The translator used this strategy because this word is nonsense language. By using nonsense language, the word is not included into transcription strategy which is not translated into the target language. Based on this movie “ Shashabooey! ” means Po’s utterance when he attacking the boss gang and all enemies in bar by punches and kicks them until flying in the sky.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 598,
"width": 344,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 22 (Utterance 47) SL: This is the greatest day in Kung Fu history! Just go! TL: Ini hari terbesar dalam sejarah Kung Fu! Silahkan pergi!",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 642,
"width": 416,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Transcription strategy is used to translate the source language “ This is the greatest day in Kung Fu history! Just go! ” into the target language “ Ini hari terbesar dalam sejarah Kung Fu! Silahkan pergi! ”. The word in the source language that used this strategy is “ Kung Fu ”(martial arts from China). The translator used this strategy because this word is third language. By using third language, the word included into transcription strategy was not translated into the target language. The third language that used in this utterance is from",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 35,
"width": 52,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "E-Structural",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 35,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-8844",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 46,
"width": 47,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol 1 No 1",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 46,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-9395",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 734,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "83",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 71,
"width": 415,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Chinese language and the translator does not find the meaning of “ Kung Fu ” in the target language.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 105,
"width": 146,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 23 (Utterance 12) SL: Kablooey! TL: Kablooey!",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 150,
"width": 416,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The utterance “ Kablooey! ” in the source language is translated into “ Kablooey! ” in the target language by using transcription strategy. The word in the source language that used this strategy is “ Kablooey! ”. The translator used this strategy because this word is nonsense language. By using nonsense language, the word included into transcription strategy was not translated into the target language. Based on this movie, “ Kablooey! ” means Po’s utterance when he twists like tornado and kicks the ninjas rapidly.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 239,
"width": 416,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Based from the excerpt above we can conclude that the translator used the transcription strategy to translate a language when there exist unusual term in SL. For example, the use of a nonsense language and third language.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 289,
"width": 78,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "6. Condensation",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 313,
"width": 416,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Condensation is a strategy of translating by subtracting the target language (TL) from the source language (SL) without reducing the meaning. In short, reducing the text from the source language (SL) to the target language is applied (TL) without losing the original content. These are some example where the strategy is used:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 373,
"width": 293,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 24 (Utterance 3) SL: He traveled the land in search of worthy foes. TL: Dia berkelana untuk mencari musuh yang tangguh.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 418,
"width": 416,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Based on the scene, the legendary warrior traveling in China looked for the strongest foes to fight with him. The utterance “ He traveled the land ” in the source language is translated into “ Dia berkelana ” in the target language by using condensation strategy. Condensation strategy is used by the translator to make the text brief by missing unnecessary sentence. It was found in the utterance the land in the source language. The utterance “ the land ” which means “ tanah ” was not translated into Indonesian subtitle. Although it was not translated, the subtitle still conveyed the meaning of the source language.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 517,
"width": 419,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 25 (Utterance 130) SL: You're bigger than your action figure. Except you Mantis, you're same . TL: Kalian lebih besar dari boneka kalian. Kecuali kau Belalang, sama .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 572,
"width": 416,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "In this scene Po as the new dragon warrior meet Monkey, Mantis, Crane, Viper, Tigress in the room for exercises and compare the furious five with his action figures. The utterance above used condensation strategy to translated the source language “ you’re same ” into “ sama ” in the target language. It can be seen on the utterance “ you’re ” in the source language which means “ kamu adalah ” was not translated into Indonesian subtitle. So, the translator used condensation strategy to reducing the utterance in the target language without changing the meaning of the source language.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 671,
"width": 164,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 26 (Utterance 8) SL: He was so deadly in fact TL: Dia sangat berbahaya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 35,
"width": 52,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "E-Structural",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 35,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-8844",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 46,
"width": 47,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol 1 No 1",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 46,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-9395",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 734,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "84",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 71,
"width": 416,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Condensation strategy is used to translate the source language “ He was so deadly in fact ” into “ Dia sangat berbahaya ” in the target language. It can be seen on the utterance “ deadly in fact ” in the source language. The utterance “ deadly in fact ” which means “ fakta yang mematikan ” was not translated into Indonesian subtitle. In this scene Po was dreaming and tell a story about himself when he become to a legendary warrior who are very dangerous and then accepted the gang boss challenge to fight with him in bar. So, the translator used condensation strategy to make the target language briefer without changing the meaning of the source language.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 183,
"width": 180,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 27 (Utterance 40) SL: Excuse me. Pardon me. Sorry. TL: Maaf.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 227,
"width": 416,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "In this scene Mr. Ping as Po’s father in the movie told Po to delivere a bowl of noodles to the customer. But Po didn’t serve the customer well, because when Po delivered a bowl of noodles to the customer his belly get stuck between two tables and in his attempt to free himself, Po accidentally put his tail into a rabbit family’s noodle bowl and making the rabbit children cry. Condensation strategy is used to translate “ Excuse me. Pardon me. Sorry ” in the source language into “ Maaf ” in the target language. It can be seen in the sentences “ Excuse me ” and “ Pardon me ”, both of them was not translated into Indonesian subtitle. So, the translator used this strategy to shorten the utterance in the target language without losing the meaning of the source language.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 353,
"width": 400,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 28 (Utterance 131) SL: Are they gonna watch? or should I wait till they get back to work? TL: Mereka menonton? Atau aku tunggu sampai mereka kembali bekerja?",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 397,
"width": 416,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Based on the scene Master Shifu invite Po to the jade palace for committed some exercise as the new dragon warrior, Po was very exciting because he meet the furious five in the jade palace and hope the furious five see his exercises. The translator used condensation strategy to translate the source language “ Are they gonna watch? ” into “ Mereka menonton? ” in target language. It can be seen in the sentences “ Are ” and “ gonna ” which means “ Apakah ” and “ akan ” was not translated into Indonesian subtitle. So, the translator used condensation strategy to make the target language briefer without changing the meaning of the source language.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 512,
"width": 416,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Based from the excerpt above we can conclude that the translator used the condensation strategy to make the target language briefer by missing unnecessary utterances in the source language, it can be deleted without altering the meaning of the source language because the real aim of the story must be conveyed.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 575,
"width": 52,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "7. Deletion",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 599,
"width": 416,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Deletion is deliberate exclusion of the entire source language and less important aspects. For example, the elimination of text, repetition of words. These are some example where the strategy is used:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 647,
"width": 259,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 29 (Utterance 74) SL: I lied. I don't dream about noodles, Dad . TL: Aku bohong. Aku tak bermimpi tentang mie.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 691,
"width": 416,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Deletion strategy is used to translate the utterance above. This strategy is used to delete the word “ Dad ” in the source language “ I lied. I don't dream about noodles, Dad ”into “ Aku",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 35,
"width": 52,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "E-Structural",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 35,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-8844",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 46,
"width": 47,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol 1 No 1",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 46,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-9395",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 734,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "85",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 71,
"width": 416,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "bohong. Aku tak bermimpi tentang mie ” in the target language. The word “ Dad ” is not displayed and translated because based from the scene when the dialogue occurred Po was talking to his father in their restaurant. So, deleting the word “ Dad ” has no effect and does not corrupt the meaning in the target language.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 131,
"width": 225,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 30 (Utterance 35) SL: Dad, Dad, Dad , it was just a dream. TL: Ayah, itu hanya mimpi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 176,
"width": 416,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "In this conversation, the dialogue between Po and his father Mr. Ping. After wake up Po helped his father make noodles in his restaurant and tell that last night he had a dream about noodles but, Po lied to his father about his dream, the truth is he had a dream about legendary warrior. The utterance above used deletion strategy to delete the word “ Dad ” in the source language “ Dad, Dad, Dad, it was just a dream ”. In the target language, the second and the third word “ Dad ” is not found. Instead, the word “ Ayah ” is used to represent the meaning word in the source language. This strategy deletes two of word “ Dad ” because it is not translated thrice into the target language and it makes the target language simple.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 301,
"width": 191,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 31 (Utterance 273) SL: Oh , great, cause I am hungry. TL: Bagus, karena aku lapar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 345,
"width": 416,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The translator used deletion strategy to translate the utterance above. This strategy is used to delete the word “ Oh ” in the source language “ Oh, great, cause I am hungry ” into “ Bagus, karena aku lapar ” in the target language. The word “ Oh ” is not found in the target language because it is unnecessary word to translate and display. Based on the scene, the word “ Oh ” expressed that Po is tempted to eat Bakpao (steamed bun stuffed with meat or other ingredients) from Master Shifu. So, without adding the word “ Oh ”, the audience still understand the utterance which occurs in this scene.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 444,
"width": 157,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 32 (Utterance 61) SL: I'm coming! Wait, wait ! TL: Aku datang! Tunggu!",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 488,
"width": 416,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Based on the scene Po went to the jade palace to see the furious five which one of them gonna get the dragon scroll. After arrived in the jade palace, the door was closed and it makes Po upset. But Po have an idea to see the furious five by using a rocket fireworks to enter the jade palace. The utterance above used deletion strategy to delete the word “ wait! ” in the source language “ I'm coming! Wait, wait! ” . In the target language, the second word “ wait! ” is not found. Instead, the word “ Tunggu! ” is used to represent the meaning word in the source language. This strategy deletes one of word “ wait! ” because it is not translated twice into the target language.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 601,
"width": 192,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Excerpt 33 (Utterance 160) SL: I know. I know . You're right. TL: Aku tahu. Kau benar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 645,
"width": 416,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "In this conversation, the dialogue is between Po as the new dragon warrior and Crane as the furious five. Before going to sleep Po met the Crane doing some exercises in his room, Po was very noisy and told Crane that he is the big fan of the furious five, but Crane feels his exercise was disturbed by Po. The translator used the deletion strategy to delete the sentence “ I know ” in the source language “ I know. I know. You're right ”. In the target language, the second sentence “ I know ” is not found. Instead, the sentence “ Aku tahu ” is",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 35,
"width": 52,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "E-Structural",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 35,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-8844",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 46,
"width": 47,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol 1 No 1",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 46,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-9395",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 734,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "86",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 71,
"width": 416,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "used to represent the meaning sentence in the source language. This strategy deleted one of sentence “ I know ” because it is not translated twice into the target language and it makes the target language simple. Based on the excerpt above we can conclude that the translator used the deletion strategy to eliminate the less important aspects of a text like repetition of words and filler words.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 159,
"width": 79,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "CONCLUSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 183,
"width": 416,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "This chapter covers conclusion of the study and suggestion that might have benefit and input for everyone who wants to conduct a research relating to this study. Based on data analysis that have been finished by the researcher, it has been concluded that there are 345 (100%) data of Po’s utterances in Kung Fu Panda movie subtitle which have been analyzed based on subtitling strategies theory from Gottlieb (1992:166). The researchers found 345 subtitling strategies of Po’s utterances in Kung Fu Panda movie. Those subtitling strategies are 19 (5,51%) data using expansion, 22 (6,38%) data using paraphrase, 186 (53,91%) data using transfer, 26 (7,54%) data using imitation, 10 (2,90%) data using transcription, 36 (10,43%) data using condensation, and 46 (13,33%) data using deletion.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 310,
"width": 416,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "From this movie, several strategies such as dislocation, decimation, and resignation aren’t used by the researcher. Transfer strategy has the most frequency in Po’s utterances in Kung Fu Panda movie, the percentage reaching 53,91% over half of Po’s utterances. Transfer strategy is easier to translated because this strategy translating the source language completely and accurately into the target language. So it is easy to make the audience understand from source language to target language with the original meaning from this movie. Meanwhile, transcription has the least frequency in Po’s utterances, the percentage is 2,90%. Transcription strategy is found rarely because this strategy is used to translate a language when there exist unusual term in the source language, like nonsense language and third language. So it is difficult to find out transcription strategy in Kung Fu Panda movie.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 463,
"width": 79,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "REFERENCES",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 487,
"width": 427,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Aveline, Rr. Gustin Zora. (2015). Subtitling Strategies and Translation Readability of the Indonesia Subtitle of Maleficent Movie . Semarang: Universitas Negeri Semarang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 524,
"width": 72,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Baker, M.,&",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 131,
"top": 524,
"width": 401,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hochel, B. (1998). Routledge Ecyclopedia of Translation Studies. London:Routledge.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 562,
"width": 398,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Baker, M. (2001). Routledge Ecyclopedia of Translation Studies. New York:Routledge.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 586,
"width": 352,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Basnett, S. (1991). Translation Studies. Third Edition . New York: Routledge.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 610,
"width": 426,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Gottlieb, H. (1992). Subtitling. “ A New University Discipline ”. In Dollerup & Loddegaard (eds). Teaching Translation and Interpreting: Training, talent and experience . Philadelpia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 660,
"width": 421,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Larson, Mildred L. (1991). Translation: Theory and Practice, Tension and Interdependence .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 685,
"width": 425,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Nida, E.A., & Taber, C.R. (1974). The Theory and Practice of Translation . Leiden: E.J. Brill.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 35,
"width": 52,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "E-Structural",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 35,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-8844",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 46,
"width": 47,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol 1 No 1",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 46,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "p-ISSN: 2621-9395",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 734,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "87",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 71,
"width": 426,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Putri, I.H. (2016). An Analysis of Subtitling Strategies Used in Nightcrawler Movie . Tulungagung: IAIN Tulungagung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 108,
"width": 427,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Simanjuntak, N.V.N. (2013). Subtitling Strategies in Real Steel Movie . Semarang: Universitas Dian Nuswantoro.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 145,
"width": 427,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Widiastuti, Ni Made Ayu and Ni Putu Krisnawati. (2010). The Translation Analysis of the English Film Subtitle ‘Eat, Pray, Love’ into Indonesian . 1-5.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 194,
"width": 61,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "WEBSITES",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 218,
"width": 244,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kung_Fu_Panda_(film) https://subscene.com/subtitles/kung-fu-panda https://translationjournal.net/journal/32film.htm https://www.dreamworksanimation.com https://www.slideshare.net",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
e748684b-3a4c-bbde-96a1-9fa80fd8dfb1 | https://ojs3.poltekkes-mks.ac.id/index.php/medkes/article/download/64/167 | [
{
"left": 85,
"top": 42,
"width": 220,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 42,
"width": 129,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN : 1907-8153 (Print) e-ISSN : 2549-0567 (Online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 493,
"top": 758,
"width": 20,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "350",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 770,
"width": 195,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. XVIII No. 2 Desember 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.32382/medkes.v18i2",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 92,
"width": 386,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Efektivitas Pemberian Puding Kacang Kedelai Dan Rumput Laut Terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total Pasien Hiperkolesterolemia Di Puskesmas Sekip Palembang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 115,
"width": 409,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The Effectiveness of Giving Soy Bean Pudding and Seaweed on Total Cholesterol Levels in Hypercholesterolemic Patients at Sekip Palembang Health Center",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 180,
"top": 138,
"width": 239,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Susyani, Mika Erlanita Samosir*, Manuntun Rotua",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 176,
"top": 149,
"width": 244,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Poltekkes Kemenkes Palembang *) Email korespondensi : [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 276,
"top": 183,
"width": 44,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 193,
"width": 430,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "If your blood cholesterol level is higher than the healthy range (200 mg/dL), you have hypercholesterolemia. Patients with hypercholesterolemia can lower their risk of complications by making dietary changes, such as increasing their intake of foods high in fiber. Patients with hypercholesterolemia at the Sekip Palembang Community Health Center were given soybean pudding and seaweed, and their total cholesterol levels were measured before and after treatment. This quantitative study employs a quasi-experimental design. Friedmant Test analysis, univariate analysis, bivariate analysis, and multivariate analysis are then applied to the gathered data. F3 high fiber pudding contained approximately 85.55% moisture, 3.36% ash, 0.86% fat, 0.91% protein, 9.32% carbohydrates, 7.07 dietary fiber grams, 4.00 milligrams of vitamin C, and 6.08 milligrams of niacine, according to proximate analysis and chemical analysis, respectively. These are the findings from a qualitative analysis of Flavonoids, where 100 g = 100000 g/ml was used as the sample concentration. Total cholesterol levels were significantly different pre- and post-treatment in the treatment group (p0,711). Total cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic patients at the Sekip Palembang Health Center can be lowered by eating a pudding made from soybeans and seaweed that is low in fat, high in fiber, vitamin C, and rich in niacine and Flavonoids. Keywords : Hypercholesterolemia, pudding, soybean flour and seaweed flour, total cholesterol levels",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 278,
"top": 323,
"width": 39,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 332,
"width": 431,
"height": 209,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hiperkolesterolemia adalah suatu kondisi ketika kadar kolesterol darah meningkat di atas kisaran normal (200 mg/dL). Penderita hiperkolesterolemia dapat memperoleh manfaat dari pengurangan faktor risiko dengan beberapa cara, salah satunya adalah dengan memasukkan produk makanan berbasis serat ke dalam makanannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Telah diketahui pengaruh pemberian puding kedelai dan rumput laut terhadap kadar kolesterol total pasien hiperkolesterolemia di Puskesmas Sekip Palembang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain quasi eksperimen dengan sampel kriteria insklusi (berusia >41 tahun, kadar kolesterol total diatas >200 mg/dl, konsumsi obat penurun kolesterol) dan sampel kriteria ekslusi (pasien hiperkolesterolemia rawat jalan, dan pasien tinggak diluar wilayah kerja puskesmas sekip Palembang). Analisis Data yang telah terkumpul kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis Uji Friedmant, analisis univariat, analisis bivariat, dan analisis multivariat. Uji sampel di Laboratorium PT. Saraswanti Indo Genetech dan Uji sampel flavonoid di Laboratorium FKSW Salatiga. Panelis uji produk pudding yaitu panelis terlatih. Puding berserat tinggi F3 mengandung sekitar 85,55% kelembapan, 3,36% abu, 0,86% lemak, 0,91% protein, 9,32% karbohidrat, 7,07 gram serat pangan, 4,00 miligram vitamin C, dan 6,08 miligram niasin, menurut analisis proksimat dan analisis kimia. , masing-masing. Ini adalah temuan dari analisis kualitatif Flavonoid, dimana 100 g = 100.000 g/ml digunakan sebagai konsentrasi sampel. Kadar kolesterol total berbeda bermakna sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan pada kelompok perlakuan (p0,711). Kadar kolesterol total pada penderita hiperkolesterolemia di Puskesmas Sekip Palembang dapat diturunkan dengan mengonsumsi puding berbahan dasar kacang kedelai dan rumput laut yang rendah lemak, tinggi serat, vitamin C, serta kaya niasin dan Flavonoid. Kesimpulannya adalah Puding kacang kedelai dan rumput laut yang mengandung lemak rendah, tinggi serat, dan vitamin C,yang tinggi dan Flavonoid dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total pada pasien hiperkolesterolemia di Puskesmas Sekip Palembang. Sarannya adalah Bagi peneliti selanjutnya dapat memajukan dan menyepurnakan pengetahuan yang ada. Bagi poltekkes kemenkes Palembang jurusan gizi dapat menambah kepustakaan terkait gizi klinik mengenai penurunan kadar kolesterol total pasien hiperkolesterolemia. Bagi pasien mampu mempertahankan diet tinggi serar, vitamin C sehingga terbukti menurunkan kadar kolesterol total. Kata kunci : Hiperkolesterolemia, puding, tepung kacang kedelai dan tepung rumput laut, kadar kolesterol total",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 555,
"width": 80,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 567,
"width": 204,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hiperkolesterolemia memiliki erat kaitannya dengan faktor risiko yaitu usia, jenis kelamin, pola makan, merokok, kurangnya aktifitas fisik, IMT, dan kondisi klinis lainnya yang terkait seperti, trigliserida, obesitas, diabeters melitus, dan hipertensi (Evania, A. 2018). Kadar kolesterol dapat dilihat dari kadar kolesterol dalam tubuh <200 mg/dl, sehingga keadaan dapat berdampak buruk, dapat menghambat pembuluh darah jantung dan otak yang berbahaya bagi tubuh (Palimbong, S., Mangalik, G and Basompei, A.V.S, 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 739,
"width": 168,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kacang kedelai mengandung protein",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 555,
"width": 211,
"height": 193,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "yang tinggi, karbohidrat yang kompleks, serta serat pangan tinggi, dan mengandung flavonoid pada kedelai yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan baik bagi tubuh sehingga berpengaruh pada penurunan kadar kolesterol total (Winarsi, 2017). Rumput laut merupakan produk akuakultur yang dikaitkan dengan perbaikan gejala sindrom metabolik seperti peningkatan kolesterol HDL, penurunan kadar trigliserida dan ditemukan pada rumput laut seperti asam lemak tak jenuh tunggal dan ganda (Ni’matul, 2021). Tepung rumput laut memiliki kandungan serat makanan 25-30 % protein, mineral, antioksidan, flavonoid, vitamin C dan niasin. Sehingga dapat mencegah penyakit hiperkolesterolemia,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 39,
"width": 220,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 39,
"width": 123,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN : 1907-8153 (Print)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 50,
"width": 129,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2549-0567 (Online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 493,
"top": 730,
"width": 20,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "351",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 741,
"width": 195,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. XVIII No. 2 Desember 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.32382/medkes.v18i2",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 89,
"width": 213,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "hipertensi, diabetes melitus dan menurunkan kada kolesterol darah total. Penurunan kadar kolesterol tidak terjadi pada yang mengkonsumsi rumput laut 100 gram selama 7 hari. Akan tetapi dapat signifikan terjadi pada yang mengkonsumsi puding rumput laut sebanyak 200 gram selama 14 hari (Sumeru, SU, dan S.Anna,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 181,
"width": 208,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1992). Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kombinasi puding kacang kedelai dan rumput laut terhadap kadar kolesterol total pasien hiperkolesterolemia di Puskesmas Sekip Palembang",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 261,
"width": 123,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE Desain, tempat dan waktu",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 284,
"width": 212,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian yang dilaksanakan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sekip Palembang pada bulan Oktober 2022 sampai dengan Juni 2023 ini merupakan penelitian quasi eksperimen yang menggabungkan desain pre-and post-test dengan control group study .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 375,
"width": 183,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jumlah dan cara pengambilan subjek",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 386,
"width": 231,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Populasi penelitian adalah warga lansia Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sekip Palembang yang menderita hiperkolesterolemia. Partisipan merupakan warga wilayah Puskesmas Sekip Palembang yang berusia di atas 41 tahun, memiliki kadar kolesterol total di atas 200 mg/dl, dan bersedia mengikuti penelitian hingga selesai. Ada total 60 peserta, 30 pada kelompok perlakuan dan 30 pada kelompok kontrol. Metode simple random sampling digunakan untuk memilih peserta .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 534,
"width": 168,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jenis dan Cara Pengumpulan Data",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 546,
"width": 201,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data primer dan data sekunder membentuk tipe data. Data primer mencakup hal-hal seperti identitas sampel, kadar kolesterol total awal dan pasca intervensi, rata-rata asupan energi harian, serta asupan zat gizi makro dan mikro. Sedangkan data CHC (khusus Gambaran Umum CHC Sekip Palembang) merupakan sumber sekunder.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 649,
"width": 197,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data Puskesmas digunakan untuk mengumpulkan sampel yang representatif, dan keakuratannya diperiksa ulang dengan mengukur kadar kolesterol total. Kadar kolesterol total >200 mg/dl digunakan untuk mengklasifikasikan 60 orang lanjut usia, 30 orang pada kelompok intervensi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 89,
"width": 203,
"height": 216,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dan 30 orang pada kelompok pembanding, semuanya setuju untuk berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Kalori pudding tepung kedelai dan rumput laut per 100 gram yaitu 256,3 kkal. Selama intervensi pola makan selalu di kontrol dengan cara merecall makanan selama 1 hari. Selama pemberian 7 hari dilakukan tidak ada pertimbangan waktu, waktu pemberian dilakukan tepat selama 7 hari tidak kurang dan tidak lebih waktu. kelompok intervensi diberi diet puding tepung kedelai dan tepung rumput laut, sedangkan kelompok pembanding diberi obat penurun kolesterol simvastatin. Satu kali recall 24 jam juga dilakukan pada hari ke 1, 4, dan 7 penelitian. Pada hari ke 8 dilakukan pemeriksaan akhir dengan mengukur kolesterol total.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 319,
"width": 143,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengolahan dan analisis data",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 331,
"width": 203,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini berlangsung selama seminggu penuh. Data yang diperoleh diolah dengan cara mengedit data untuk menentukan apakah data tersebut dapat digunakan untuk analisis data pada tahap selanjutnya. Informasi dikumpulkan dan diperiksa ulang berupa identitas sampel, kadar kolesterol total, dan recall 1x24 jam. Informasi yang dikumpulkan kemudian disusun secara numerik (diberi kode).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 457,
"width": 82,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ethical Approval",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 469,
"width": 219,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Komite Etik Penelitian Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Palembang telah memberikan restu terhadap penelitian ini nomor persetujuan 600/KEPK/Adm2/VIII/2022.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 536,
"width": 33,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 548,
"width": 209,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah warga Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sekip Palembang yang berusia >41 tahun dan memiliki kadar kolesterol total >200 mg/dl. Dua kelompok responden dibentuk: kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol. Delapan belas orang (60%) pada kelompok perlakuan dan tujuh belas orang (56,7%) pada kelompok pembanding berusia antara 55 dan 67 tahun. Sementara itu, jika melihat pengelompokan gender responden, kami menemukan bahwa 20 orang ( 66,7%) pada kelompok perlakuan adalah perempuan dan 23 orang (76,7%) pada kelompok pembanding. Sebaliknya, 23 responden",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 39,
"width": 220,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 39,
"width": 123,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN : 1907-8153 (Print)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 50,
"width": 129,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2549-0567 (Online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 493,
"top": 730,
"width": 20,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "352",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 741,
"width": 195,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. XVIII No. 2 Desember 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.32382/medkes.v18i2",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 89,
"width": 204,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(76,7% dari total) pada kelompok kontrol memiliki status gizi abnormal, sedangkan 22 responden (73,3% dari total) pada kelompok perlakuan mengalami status gizi abnormal. Ibu rumah tangga merupakan separuh responden pada kelompok perlakuan dan 43,3% pada kelompok pembanding. 15 responden merupakan ibu rumah tangga pada kelompok perlakuan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 192,
"width": 218,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil recall 24 jam tunggal memberikan gambaran umum mengenai asupan gizi lansia. Sebelum intervensi, 22 orang pada kelompok perlakuan (73,3% dari total) dan 17 orang pada kelompok pembanding (56,7% dari total) mengonsumsi lebih banyak kalori dibandingkan rata-rata orang. Setelah pemberian dosis, kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari lebih dari 17 orang (56,7%), sedangkan kelompok pembanding terdiri dari lebih dari 18 orang (60%) berdasarkan rata-rata asupan energi harian mereka.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 342,
"width": 203,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Asupan protein sebelum pemberian diklasifikasikan lebih besar dari 21 pada kelompok pembanding (70%) dan lebih besar dari 29 pada kelompok perlakuan (96,7%). Setelah pemberian rata-rata asupan protein kelompok perlakuan tergolong leboh sebanyak 26 orang (86,7%) dan kelompok pembanding tergolong lebih sebanyak 22 orang (73,3%).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 445,
"width": 204,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lebih dari 29 orang dalam kelompok perlakuan (96,7% dari total) dan lebih dari 27 orang dalam kelompok pembanding (90%) memiliki jumlah lemak lebih dari rata- rata dalam makanan mereka sebelum pemberian. Setelah pemberian rata-rata asupan lemak pada kelompok perlakuan tergolong lebih sebnayak 27 orang (90%) dan kelompok pembanding tergolong lebh sebanyak 28 orang (93,3%).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 560,
"width": 211,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rata-rata asupan karbohidrat sebelum pemberian lebih tinggi pada kelompok perlakuan (lebih dari 13 orang atau 43,3%) dibandingkan kelompok pembanding (lebih dari 10 orang atau 33,3%). Setelah pemberian rata – rata asupan karbohidrat pada kelompok perlakuan tergolong lebih sebanyak 9 orang (30%) dan kelompok pembanding tergolong lebih sebanyak 8 orang (26,7%).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 675,
"width": 208,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebanyak 20 orang pada kelompok perlakuan (33,3%) dan empat belas orang pada kelompok pembanding (46,7%) memiliki asupan serat sebelum pemberian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 89,
"width": 203,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "yang baik. Setelah pemberian, diketahui bahwa 4 orang pada kelompok perlakuan (13,3%) dan 13 orang pada kelompok pembanding (43,3%) memiliki asupan serat yang cukup.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 146,
"width": 204,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tiga belas orang pada kelompok perlakuan (43,3% dari total) dan tiga orang pada kelompok pembanding (10%) dianggap memiliki asupan vitamin C yang cukup sebelum pemberian. Dua orang (6,7%) pada kelompok perlakuan dan dua orang (6,7%) pada kelompok pembanding mempunyai asupan vitamin C yang baik setelah pemberian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 250,
"width": 209,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rata-rata asupan niasin sebelum pemberian pada kelompok perlakuan tergolong baik sebanyak 7 orang (23,3%) dan kelompok pembanding tergolong baik sebanyak 6 orang (20%). Setelah pemberian rata-rata asupan niasin pada kelompok perlakuan tergolong baik sebanyak 12 orang (40%) dan kelompok pembanding tergolong lebh sebanyak 3 orang (10%).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 365,
"width": 205,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis statistik T-dependent mengungkapkan bahwa sebelum perlakuan, subjek pada kelompok perlakuan memiliki rata-rata kadar kolesterol total 271,40 g/dl dengan kisaran 248-292 g/dl. Dan kelompok kontrol dengan rata-rata 258,10 g/dl dan berkisar antara 250 hingga 273 g/dl. Kadar kolesterol total pada kelompok perlakuan berkisar dari yang terendah 235 g/dl hingga tertinggi 290 g/dl, dengan rata-rata 264,73 g/dl setelah intervensi. Dan kelompok kontrol dengan rata-rata 258,90 g/dl dan berkisar dari terendah 227 g/dl hingga tinggi 280 g/dl.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 526,
"width": 205,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebelum dilakukan intervensi, kadar kolesterol total pada kelompok perlakuan mempunyai nilai p-value sebesar 0,402 pada uji normalitas, sedangkan pada kelompok pembanding mempunyai nilai p- value sebesar 0,128. Kadar kolesterol total diuji kenormalannya sebelum dan sesudah intervensi, dan baik kelompok perlakuan maupun pembanding ditemukan berada dalam rentang normal (p=0,565 untuk kelompok perlakuan dan p=0,454 untuk kelompok pembanding).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 664,
"width": 228,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kadar kolesterol total sebelum dan sesudah diuji homogenitasnya menggunakan analisis statistik, dan kedua rangkaian hasil tersebut ditemukan signifikan secara statistik (p = 0,407 dan p =",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 39,
"width": 220,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 39,
"width": 123,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN : 1907-8153 (Print)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 50,
"width": 129,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2549-0567 (Online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 493,
"top": 730,
"width": 20,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "353",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 741,
"width": 195,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. XVIII No. 2 Desember 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.32382/medkes.v18i2",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 89,
"width": 213,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "0,410). Hasil analisis statistik perbedaan rata-rata kadar kolesterol total sebelum intevensi pada kelompok perlakuan dengan mean awal 271,40 dengan standar devisiasi 12,43 dan mean akhir 264,73 dengan standar devisiasi 15,01 dengan p-value 0,000 sehingga selisih yaitu 4,096. Perbedaan rata-rata kadar kolesterol total setelah intervensi pada kelompok pembanding mean awal 258,10 dengan standar devisiasi 6,18 dan mean akhir 258,90 dengan standar devisiasi 12,73 dengan p-value 0,711 sehingga selisih yaitu -0,375.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 261,
"width": 204,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil analisis statistik uji regresi linier berganda pada rata-rata asupan dihasilkan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh pada asupan zat gizi pada kolesterol. Untuk asupan serat, lemak, vitamin C terdapat bahwa p-value >0,005.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 342,
"width": 72,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 353,
"width": 208,
"height": 159,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Formulasi menghabiskan waktu selama tujuh hari untuk mengumpulkan data di Puskesmas Sekip Palembang. Tabel 1 menunjukkan bahwa dari 60 sampel, 18 (atau 60%) berusia antara 55 dan 67 tahun, menjadikan mereka kelompok usia terbesar yang terkena kolesterol. Hal ini sejalan dengan penelitian Fatimah, 2020 bahwa kadar kolesterol lebih sering terjadi setelah orang mencapai usia 55-67 tahun, karena aktivutas sel reseptornya secara alami mulai menurun, sehingga kolesterol dalam aliran darah bisa naik jika sel-sel yang memprosesnya terganggu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 514,
"width": 206,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian yang dilakukan dengan 60 sampel dari masing-masing responden didapatkan 20 orang diantaranya (66,7%) berjenis kelamin perempuan. Hal ini sejalan pada penelitian N.Wahid, 2020 bahwa jenis kelamin perempuan setelah mencapai menopause, simpanan lemak mulai meluas dan menumpuk dengan kecepatan yang dipercepat. Namun, berisiko relative tetap konstan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 629,
"width": 206,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian yang melibatkan 60 sampel menemukan bahwa 22 orang (atau 73,3% dari total) memiliki status gizi normal. Hal ini sejalan pada penelitian Yusuf, 2019 bahwa terdapat korelasi antara IMT dengan kolesterol dengan sampel 23,07 kg/m² sehingga menujukkan ada hubungan status gizi yang substansial antara BMI dan kadar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 89,
"width": 73,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kolesterol total.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 100,
"width": 208,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan kepada 60 sampel masing- masing responden yang paling banyak terdapat pada pekerjaan IRT yaitu 15 orang (50%). Hal ini sejalan pada penelitian Khairunnisa, 2021 adanya hubungan dengan tingkat pengetahuan dan aktivitas fisiknya pada setiap terhadap kadar kolesterol total.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 204,
"width": 224,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2 dan 3 menunjukkan bahwa meskipun sebagian besar responden memperoleh cukup zat gizi makro yang mereka perlukan sebelum dan sesudah penelitian, rata-rata asupan zat gizi mikro vitamin C dan niasin mereka rendah. Kelompok perlakuan mengalami peningkatan asupan energi, protein, lemak, dan karbohidrat lebih besar dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Karena kelompok eksperimen diberi Puding Tepung Kacang Kedelai dan Tepung Rumput Laut, inilah hasilnya. Sedangkan kelompok kontrol hanya mendapat obat penurun kolesterol. Meskipun kelompok perlakuan dan pembanding mengonsumsi lebih sedikit kalori, namun jumlah tersebut masih di bawah rekomendasi AKG 2019.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 411,
"width": 206,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Asupan energi jangka panjang dikaitkan dengan masalah gizi seperti kekurangan energi kronik (KEK) dan perubahan berat badan (Dinniyyah, S.R dan Nindya, T.S, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 468,
"width": 208,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Asupan protein apabila berlebihan terdapat hubungan yang erat dengan adanya perubahan profil lipid. Jika seseorang mengkonsumsi lebih banyak protein dari pada yang dibutuhkan tubuhnya, asam amino ekstra akan disimpan sebagai lemak (Muslimah, N. 2017). Kurangnya asupan harian sampel menjadi salah satu faktor penyebab rendahnya asupan protein yang dapat disebabkan oleh kurangnya makanan sumber protein atau rendahnya kualitas sumber protein yang dikonsumsi (Luthfiyah, Fifi, 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 618,
"width": 209,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tubuh tidak akan mendapat cukup bahan bakar untuk aktivitas dan proses metabolisme jika tidak mendapatkan cukup lemak dari makanan yang dimakannya (Sumeru, S.U dan S.Anna, 1992). Karbohidrat adalah sumber bahan bakar utama tubuh, apabila dnegan efek jangka panjang pada kadar kolesterol mungkin diharapkan dari konsumsi karbohidrat dalam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 39,
"width": 220,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 39,
"width": 123,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN : 1907-8153 (Print)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 50,
"width": 129,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2549-0567 (Online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 493,
"top": 730,
"width": 20,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "354",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 741,
"width": 195,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. XVIII No. 2 Desember 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.32382/medkes.v18i2",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 89,
"width": 200,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "jumlah berlebihan yang disimpan sebagai glikogen (Setyaningrum, et al , 2019).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 112,
"width": 206,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Balita sangat bergantung pada konsumsi karbohidrat sebagai sumber energi utama untuk melakukan tugas sehari- hari. Kehilangan energi terjadi ketika tubuh tidak menerima cukup karbohidrat (Muslimah, N, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 181,
"width": 205,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mengkonsumsi asupan serat dapat menurunkan penyerapan asam empedu karena kemampuannya untuk mengikat asam empedu. Karena itu, ada konversi kolesterol yang lebih besar dari sirkulasi ke hati, dan pasokan asam empedu habis (Luhtfiyah, Fifi, 2018). Berdasarkan AKG permenkes tahun 2019, kontribusi serat perharinya 25-36 gram. Sehingga serat pada produk puding tersebut 7,07 gram (7,76%) dari kebutuhan asupan serat yang dikonsumsi per hari. Kadar kolesterol darah turun secara propesional dengan jumlah serat yang dikonsumsi. Kemampuan serat larut untuk menyerap lemak di usus dikaitkan dengan penurunan kadar kolesterol dalam darah (Jannah dan Eka, 2019).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 388,
"width": 215,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kelarutan vitamin C dalam air membuatnya sangat berguna sebagai antioksidan melawan peroksidasi lipid dalam plasma (Mutia, S. Fauziah, & Thomy, Z., 2018). Kadar kolesterol yang tinggi dapat diturunkan, kadar HDL dapat ditingkatkan, dan pencernaan dapat ditingkatkan berkat kontribusi vitamin C dalam metabolisme kolesterol (Luhtfiyah, Fifi, 2018). Metabolisme kolesterol, yang melibatkan vitamin C, membantu menurunkan kadar kolesterol LDL, meningkatkan kadar HDL, dan meningkatkan pencernaan (Khairunnisa, Nanda, 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 549,
"width": 215,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Konsumsi niasin dapat menurunkan lipoprotein, khususnya LDL dan trigliserida. Niasin yang mengandung vitamin B kompleks dapat menghambat hati memproduksi lipoprotein densitas sangat rendah (VLDL). Hal ini karena mengurangi kemampuan tubuh untuk membuat kolesterol jahat, kolesterol baik, dan trigliserida (Kementerian Kesehatan Indonesia, 2019). Niasin bisa didapat dari makanan seperti hati, ikan, susu, kacang- kacangan, telur, dan daging. Pellagra dan gangguan fungsi otak telah dikaitkan dengan kekurangan niasin (Muslimah, N, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 89,
"width": 207,
"height": 193,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan analisis statistik (Uji t berpasangan), rata-rata kadar kolesterol pada kelompok perlakuan lebih rendah secara signifikan dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (p 0,05). Setelah 7 hari menerima formula puding satu kali sehari, kelompok pembanding mengalami peningkatan kadar kolesterol, namun nilai p valuenya adalah 0,711 yaitu > 0,05 dan menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perubahan kadar kolesterol yang signifikan antara periode sebelum dan sesudahnya. Setelah dilakukan analisis t- dependent pada kelompok pembanding didapatkan hasil tidak ada pengaruh bermakna, maka dari itu untuk uji tindependent ( non paired t-test ) tidak diperlukan lagi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 296,
"width": 211,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebagaimana ditemukan oleh Sumeru dan Anna (1992), perilaku agresif udang terhadap udang lain tidak terganggu dalam mendapatkan pakan, sehingga tidak ada pengaruh konsentrasi rumput laut dalam pakan udang terhadap laju pertumbuhan absolut dan relatif udang. Udang di akuarium saya tidak pernah kelaparan. Kesamaan laju pertumbuhan udang pada percobaan ini juga dapat disebabkan oleh adanya kondisi lingkungan yang kondusif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 434,
"width": 207,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis multivariat (uji regresi linier berganda) menunjukkan bahwa asupan lemak, serat, dan vitamin C serta asupan gizi kelompok perlakuan tidak berpengaruh terhadap penurunan kadar kolesterol, artinya pemberian puding tepung kedelai dan tepung rumput laut berpengaruh terhadap penurunan kadar kolesterol. tidak ada efek seperti itu. kadar kolesterol total pada penderita hiperkolesterolemia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 549,
"width": 207,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hal ini sejalan dengan penelitian sebelumnya (Sari, 2014) yang tidak menemukan korelasi antara konsumsi serat dengan kadar kolesterol total. Hal ini disebabkan responden hanya memenuhi sebagian kecil (30%) dari asupan serat harian yang direkomendasikan. Hanya sedikit responden yang mendapatkan jumlah serat harian yang direkomendasikan dari produknya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 664,
"width": 206,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis regresi linier berganda serat menghasilkan nilai p sebesar 0,394. Hal ini sejalan dengan temuan penelitian (Istiara, 2016) yang tidak menemukan hubungan antara konsumsi serat dengan kadar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 39,
"width": 220,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 39,
"width": 123,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN : 1907-8153 (Print)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 50,
"width": 129,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2549-0567 (Online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 493,
"top": 730,
"width": 20,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "355",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 741,
"width": 195,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. XVIII No. 2 Desember 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.32382/medkes.v18i2",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 89,
"width": 207,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kolesterol total darah (p=0.141, p>0.05). Berdasarkan data, rata-rata orang mengonsumsi vitamin C lebih sedikit dari anjuran RDA (Kementerian Kesehatan, 2019), yaitu 90 miligram per hari. Karena beberapa faktor, antara lain kesukaan terhadap sayuran yang menyebabkan responden lebih sedikit mengonsumsi buah- buahan, asupan vitamin C responden sangat rendah meskipun diperoleh dari buah dan sayur yang dikonsumsinya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 215,
"width": 206,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis regresi linier berganda vitamin C menghasilkan tingkat signifikansi p = 0,860. Hal ini sejalan dengan temuan penelitian Nadia tahun 2017 yang tidak menemukan korelasi antara konsumsi vitamin C dengan kadar kolesterol total (p = 0,393, r = 0,162).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 296,
"width": 211,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Formula puding berbahan pangan utama tepung kacang kedelai dan tepung rumput laut dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pengganti selingan sehat untuk pasien hiperkolesterolemia karena puding tepung kacang kedelai dan tepung rumput lau ini terdapat kandungan serat yang tinggi sehingga dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 399,
"width": 218,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Flavonoid dan serat yang ditemukan dalam kedelai telah terbukti menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah. Serat membantu menurunkan laju enterohepatik dengan meningkatkan ekskresi asam empedu melalui tinja. Kemudian, tubuh menggunakan kolesterol darah untuk membuat asam empedu, sehingga menyebabkan penurunan total kolesterol darah (Diassafons, M, 2014).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 514,
"width": 212,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Idealnya setiap orang memerlukan asupan flavonoid sekitar 50-150 mg/hari yang dapat menjaga Kesehatan tubuh yang optimal (Palimbong, Mangalik and Basompe, 2020). Pada produk puding kacang kedelai dan rumput laut memiliki kandungan flavonoid sebesar 100.000 µg/ml atau setara dengan 100 mg. Dengan mengkonsumsi puding kacang kedelai dan rumput laut sehari sekali dapat memenuhi kebutuhan asupan serat, vitamin C dan niasin flavonoid dalam sehari.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 652,
"width": 209,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan penelitian tepung rumput laut dosis 1,5g/100 gBB yang mempunyai potensi yang setara dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol total mencit Wistar jantan dewasa yang diinduksi kadar LDL plasma (Freswater, D, W, 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 89,
"width": 207,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hal ini sejalan dengan penelitian (Ali, 2021) terdapat penurunan yang signifikan pada perlakuan dimungkinkan pada rumput laut memiliki kandungan yang dapat membantu menurunkaan kadar kolesterol total. Salah satunya flavonoid dan triterpenoid yang merupakan antioksidan yang biasa terdapat pada rumput laut dan memiliki efek bermanfaat pada penderita hiperkolesterolemia dengan pembentukan lipoprotein, menurunkan kadar Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) dan trigliserida darah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 238,
"width": 66,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 250,
"width": 212,
"height": 250,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rata-rata kadar kolesterol sebelum dan sesudah kelompok perlakuan dengan mean awal 271,40 ± 12,43 dan mean akhir 264,73 ± 15,01 dengan p-value 0,000 dan selisihnya 4.096. Sementara itu, rata-rata kadar kolesterol kelompok pembanding dengan mean awal 258,10 ± 6,18 dan mean akhir 258,90 ± 12,75 dengan p-value 0,711 dan selisihnya -0,375. Berdasarkan hasil asupan tidak ada pengaruh asupan lemak, serat dan vitamin C terhadap penurunan kadar kolesterol total dikarenakan p-value > 0,005. Berdasarkan uji statistik terdapat kesimpulan penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa formula puding kacang kedelai dan rumput laut pada pemberian puding sebanyak 200 gram sebagai makanan selingan salama 7 hari menunjukkan tidak ada pengaruh terhadap penurunan kadar kolesterol total pasien hiperkoelsterolemia di Puskesmas Sekip Palembang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 514,
"width": 38,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SARAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 526,
"width": 218,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bagi peneliti selanjutnya, penelitian tentang pengaruh puding berserat tinggi terhadap kadar kolesterol total pada pasien hiperkolesterolemia diharapkan dapat memajukan dan menyempurnakan pengetahuan yang ada. Bagi Poltekkes Kemenkes Palembang Jurusan Gizi, diharapkan penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk menambah keputakaan terkait gizi klinik mengenai penurunan kadar kolesterol total pasien hiperkolesterolemia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 652,
"width": 232,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bagi pasien mampu mempertahankan diet tinggi serat, dan vitamin C yang telah terbukti menurunkan kadar kolesterol total, dan yang secara rutin memantau pembacaannya untuk mencapai tingkat normal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 39,
"width": 220,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 39,
"width": 123,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN : 1907-8153 (Print)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 50,
"width": 129,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2549-0567 (Online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 493,
"top": 730,
"width": 20,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "356",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 741,
"width": 195,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. XVIII No. 2 Desember 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.32382/medkes.v18i2",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 100,
"width": 95,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 112,
"width": 207,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aeni, S., Puspaningtiyas, D. E., & Putriningtyas (2019) Kacang Tanah Efektif Menurunkan Berat Badan Dan Kadar Kolesterol Remaja Putri Sport and Nutrition Journal , 1(1), 33–39. Ali, M. (2021). Pengaruh Berbagai Dosis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 181,
"width": 171,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rumput Laut, Kappaphycus alvarezii",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 192,
"width": 213,
"height": 159,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada Pakan Gel Terhadap Kandungan Kolesterol Dan Rasio Konversi Pakan Kepiting Bakau, Scylla spp . Aulia . et al. 2017. “Hubungan Asupan Serat Dan Frekuensi Sayur Buah Dengan Kejadian Hiperkolesterlolemia Di Kabupaten Bantul Yogyakarta.” http://elibrary.almaata.ac.id . Diniyyah, S.R dan Nindya, T.S. (2017). \"Asupan Energi, Protein dan Lemak dengan Kejadian Gizi Kurang pada Balita Usia 24-59 Bulan di Desa Suci, Gresik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 353,
"width": 205,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diassafons, M. 2014. \"Pengaruh Pemberian Susu Kedelai dan Jahe Tehadap Kadar Kolesterol Total Pada Wanita Hiperkolesterolemia.\" Jurnal Ilmu Gizi Fakultas Kedokteran 89–95. http://eprints.undip.ac.id/45766/ Evania, A. (2018). “Pengaruh Terapi Bekam Terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total Pada Pasien Hiperkolesterolemia. Klinik Pengobatan Islami Refleksi Dan Bekam.” https://dspace.umkt.ac.id//handle/463 .2017/618",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 503,
"width": 220,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fatimah, Muklidah. (2020). \"Hubungan umur dan obesitas dengan kadar kolesterol total.\" Jurnal ilmu kesehatan Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 549,
"width": 204,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Freshwater, D, W. (2018.) Kandungan Rumput Laut Mencegah Penyakit Hiperkolesterolemia. Istiara N. (2016). “Hubungan Asupan Serat Dan Lemak Total Dengan Kadar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 606,
"width": 179,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kolesterol Totak Pada Anggota Polisi Polres Rembang. J Gizi Univ Muhammadiyah Semarang.” Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 5(4). https://doi.org/10.14710/jkm.v5i4.187 68",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 675,
"width": 201,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jannah, Eka Wardatul, D. (2019). “Cookies Tepung Ubi Jalar Oranye, Tepung Kedelai Dan Puree Pisang Sebagai PMT Balita Gizi Kurang.” Jurnal Riset",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 89,
"width": 180,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kesehatan Poltekkes Kemenkes Bandung 11 (1): 105–12. https://doi.org/10.34011/juriskesbdg. v11i1.673",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 135,
"width": 204,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Juliasih, (2013). “Tepung Rumput Laut Menurunkan Kadar LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) Plasma Tikus Wistar Hiperkolesterolemia.” Jurnal Teknologi Pangan. http://ejournal.upnjatim.ac.id/index.ph p/teknolog i-pangan/article/view/415 Kemenkes RI. (2019). Data dan Informasi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 227,
"width": 209,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kesehatan Indonesia. Jakarta. Khairunnisa, Nanda. (2021). \"Pengaruh Puding dengan Modifikasi Labu Siam dan Kurma terhadap Kadar Kolesterol pada Pralansia di Puskesmas Sukamerindu Bengkulu.\"",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 296,
"width": 214,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Luhtfiyah, Fifi. (2018). \"Pengaruh Pemberian Puding Buah Naga Merah Terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total Pasien Hiperkolesterolemia Rawat Jalan di RSUD Kota Mataram.\"",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 353,
"width": 215,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mutia, S., Fauziah, & Thomy, Z. (2018). \"Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Andong (Cordyline Fruticosa (L.) A Chev) Terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total Dan Trigliserida Darah Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus) Hiperkolesterolemia.” Jurnal Bioleuser.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 445,
"width": 206,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muslimah, N. (2017). \"Pengaruh Pemberian Biskuit Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomea Batatas L.Poiret) Terhadap Status Gizi Kurang Pada Anak Balita Usia 12-36 Bulan Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Somba Opu. Makassar.\" Nadia, F. safiana. “Hubungan Asupan Bahan Makanan Sumber Isoflavon, Vitamin C, Dan Vitamin E Dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 549,
"width": 221,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kadar Total Kolesterol Darah Pada Pasien Hiperkolesterolemia Rawat Jalan Di Rs. Roemani Muhammadiyah Semarang. https://scholar.archive.org/work/fmaz 5lnxf5aifhuvpgg6re54yi/access/wayb ack/https://journal.walisongo.ac.id/ind ex.php/NutriSains/article/download/3 599/pdf Ni’matul (2021). Pemberian Makanan Sehat Untuk Imunitas Tubuh Pada Anak Usia Dini di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi Kasus Keluarga di RT 03 RW 07DesaSibalung).https://repository.ui nsaizu.ac.id/id/epri nt/11630",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 39,
"width": 220,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 39,
"width": 123,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN : 1907-8153 (Print)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 50,
"width": 129,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2549-0567 (Online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 493,
"top": 730,
"width": 20,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "357",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 741,
"width": 195,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. XVIII No. 2 Desember 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.32382/medkes.v18i2",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 89,
"width": 200,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Novia & Wahid. (2020). “Faktor Pengaruh Jenis Kelamin Pada Kadar Kolesterol Total.” Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 123,
"width": 29,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Medis.",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 135,
"width": 203,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nur Insana Salam. (2017). “Efek Berbagai Konsentrasi Tepung Rumput Laut Kappaphycus Alvarezii Dalam Pakan Buatan Terhadap Kadar Kolesterol",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 181,
"width": 171,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dan Komposisi Kimia Tubuh Udang Windu Penaeus Monodon.” Jurnal",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 204,
"width": 204,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rumput Laut Indonesia 2(1). http://journal.indoseaweedconsortium .or.id/index.php/jrli/article/view/32 Palimbong, S., Mangalik, G. and Basompei, A.V.S. (2020). Poteinsi Siruip Eikstrak Dauin Suikuin (Artocarpuis altilis) Seibagai Pangan Fuingsional Bagi Penderita Peinyakit Heipatitis‘, Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan , 3(1), pp. 242– 247.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 319,
"width": 212,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Panggabean, A. S., Pasaribu, S. P., Kristiana, F. (2018). “Peningkatan Kadar HDL Dan Penurunan Trigliserida Dalam Darah. Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 365,
"width": 120,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "J. Chem , 18(2), 279– 285.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 376,
"width": 198,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rizki Romodhona Fitri, R. O. M. O. (2019).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 388,
"width": 227,
"height": 216,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "“Hubungan Asupan Lemak, Kolesterol Dan Status Gizi Dengan Kadar Kolesterol Pasien Hiperkolesterolemia Rawat Jalan Di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta.” http://repository.itspku.ac.id/id/eprint /26 Sari, Y. D. Prihartini, S. & Brantas, K. (2014) Asupan Serat Makanan dan Kadar kolesterol LDL Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan. Jurnal Vokasi Keperawatan 3(2) https://doi.org/10.33369/jvk.v3i2.128 84 Setyaningrum, R. A., Susanto, N., Yuningrum, H., Alvira, N., & Wati, P. (2019). Faktor yang berhubungan dengan hiperkolestrolemia di dusun kopat, desa krangsari, kecamatan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 89,
"width": 169,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pengasih, kabupaten kulon progo. https://prosiding.respati.ac.id/index.p hp/PSN/arti cle/view/7",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 123,
"width": 213,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sukmawati, Afrida. 2021. \"Energi, Perbedaan Asupan, dan Zat Gizi Makro.\" Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 169,
"width": 211,
"height": 159,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumeru, S.U. dan S. Anna. (1992). “Pakan Udang Windu, Penaeus Monodon. Kanisius. Yogyakarta.” Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan 7(2). https://doi.org/10.26618/octopus.v7i2 .2471 Utami, A. N. (2019). \"Hubungan Karakteristik Pemberian Makan Anak Dan Asupan Zat Gizi Makro Dengan Status Gizi Anak Usia 12–24 Bulan Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kelurahan Bambu Apus I Jakarta Timur.\" http://repository.binawan.ac.id/id/epri nt/738",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 330,
"width": 303,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Widianti. (2017). Penurunan Kadar Kolesterol Dengan Mengkonsumsi Rumput Laut. http://journal.indoseaweedconsortium .or.id/index.php/jrli/article/view/32 Winarsi. (2017). Analisis Aktivitas Antioksidan, Serat Dan Daya Terima Puding Okra Hijau (Abelmoschus Esculantus L.) Dengan Penambahan Kedelai (Glycine Max). http://repository.unej.ac.id/handle/12 3456789/92 052 Yusuf, R. N. (2019). \"Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) Dengan Kadar Kolesterol Pada Remaja Corelation of",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 503,
"width": 223,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Body Mass Index (BMI) With Cholesterol Levels In andro \" Jurnal Kesehatan Saintika Meditory 50-56. Zaheer, Akthar. (2017). Hubungan Kandungan Protein Yang Tinggi Pada Kacang Kedelai Penderita",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 572,
"width": 94,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hiperkolesterolemia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 39,
"width": 220,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 39,
"width": 123,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN : 1907-8153 (Print)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 50,
"width": 129,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2549-0567 (Online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 493,
"top": 744,
"width": 20,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "358",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 755,
"width": 195,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. XVIII No. 2 Desember 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.32382/medkes.v18i2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 262,
"top": 89,
"width": 37,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 100,
"width": 225,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Distribusi Frekuensi Menurut Karakteristik Sampel",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 138,
"top": 124,
"width": 364,
"height": 348,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kelompok Variabel Perlakuan Pembanding n % n % 41 – 49 tahun 10 33,3 6 20 Usia 55 – 67 tahun 18 60 17 56,7 68 – 80 tahun 2 6,7 7 23,3 Total 30 100 30 100 Jenis Kelamin Laki-Laki 10 33,3 7 23,3 Perempuan 20 66,7 23 76,7 Total 30 100 30 100 Underweight 0 0 0 0 Normal 22 73,3 23 76,7 Status Gizi Overweight 2 6,7 2 6,7 Obesitas 6 20 5 16,7 Total 30 100 30 100 Wiraswasta 4 13,3 4 13,3 PNS 3 10 8 26,7 Pekerjaan IRT 15 50 13 43,3 Pegawai Swasta 4 13,3 3 10 Buruh 4 13,3 2 6,7 Total 30 100 30 100",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 503,
"width": 37,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 190,
"top": 515,
"width": 218,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rata – rata Asupan zat Gizi Sebelum Pemberian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 536,
"width": 415,
"height": 196,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kelompok Asupan zat gizi Perlakuan Pembanding n % n % Energi Lebih 22 73,3 17 56,7 Baik 6 20 12 40 Kurang 2 6,7 1 3,3 Protein Lebih 29 96,7 21 70 Baik 1 3,3 7 23,3 Kurang 0 0 2 6,7 Lemak Lebih 29 96,7 27 90 Baik 1 3,3 1 3,3 Kurang 0 0 2 6,7",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 39,
"width": 220,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 39,
"width": 123,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN : 1907-8153 (Print)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 50,
"width": 129,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2549-0567 (Online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 493,
"top": 744,
"width": 20,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "359",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 755,
"width": 195,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. XVIII No. 2 Desember 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.32382/medkes.v18i2",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 89,
"width": 415,
"height": 219,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kelompok Asupan zat gizi Perlakuan Pembanding n % n % KH Lebih 13 43,3 10 33,3 Baik 4 13,3 14 46,7 Kurang 13 43,3 6 20 Serat Baik 20 33,3 14 46,7 Kurang 10 66,7 16 53,3 Vitamin C Baik 13 43,3 3 10 Kurang 17 56,7 27 90 Niasin Baik 7 23,3 6 20 Kurang 23 76,7 24 80",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 323,
"width": 37,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 3",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 335,
"width": 390,
"height": 396,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rata – rata Asupan zat Gizi Setelah Pemberian Kelompok Asupan zat gizi Perlakuan Pembanding n % n % Energi Lebih 17 56,7 18 60 Baik 12 40 10 33,3 Kurang 1 3,3 2 6,7 Protein Lebih 26 86,7 22 73,3 Baik 1 3,3 5 16,7 Kurang 3 10 3 10 Lemak Lebih 27 90 28 93,3 Baik 1 3,3 1 3,3 Kurang 2 6,7 1 3,3 KH Lebih 9 30 8 26,7 Baik 5 16,7 16 53,3 Kurang 16 53,3 6 20 Serat Baik 4 13,3 13 43,3 Kurang 26 86,7 17 56,7 Vitamin C Baik 2 6,7 2 6,7 Kurang 28 93,3 28 93,3 Niasin Baik 12 40 3 10 Kurang 18 60 27 90",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 39,
"width": 220,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 39,
"width": 123,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN : 1907-8153 (Print)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 50,
"width": 129,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2549-0567 (Online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 493,
"top": 744,
"width": 20,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "360",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 755,
"width": 195,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. XVIII No. 2 Desember 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.32382/medkes.v18i2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 89,
"width": 37,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 4",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 225,
"top": 100,
"width": 147,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rata – rata kadar kolesterol total",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 125,
"top": 122,
"width": 373,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kelompok Minimum (g/dl) Maximum (g/dl) Rata-rata (g/dl) Sebelum Perlakuan 248 292 271,40 Pembanding 250 273 258,10 Setelah Perlakuan 235 290 264,73 Pembanding 227 280 258,90",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 291,
"width": 40,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 5",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 170,
"top": 302,
"width": 259,
"height": 145,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Normalitas Kadar Kolesterol Total Kelompok p-value Sebelum Perlakuan 0,402 Pembanding 0,128 Setelah Perlakuan 0,565 Pembanding 0,454",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 462,
"width": 40,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 6",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 473,
"width": 375,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Homogenitas Kadar Kolesterol Total Jenis p-value Kadar Kolestrol Sebelum 0,407 Kadar Kolestrol Sesudah 0,410 Tabel 7 Perbedaan Rata-rata Kadar Kolesterol Total Kelompok Mean Awal ±SD Mean Akhir ±SD p-value t Perlakuan 271,40 12,43 264,73 15,01 0,000 4,096 Pembanding 258,10 6,18 258,90 12,73 0,711 -0,375",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 39,
"width": 220,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 39,
"width": 123,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN : 1907-8153 (Print)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 50,
"width": 129,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2549-0567 (Online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 493,
"top": 744,
"width": 20,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "361",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 755,
"width": 195,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. XVIII No. 2 Desember 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.32382/medkes.v18i2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 89,
"width": 40,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 8",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 236,
"top": 100,
"width": 125,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Regresi Linier Berganda",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 124,
"width": 389,
"height": 128,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Variabel Unstandardized Coefficients t Sig. B Asupan Energi -.015 -3.188 .002 Asupan Protein .543 2.164 .035 Asupan Lemak .237 .585 .561 Asupan Karbohidrat .109 2.157 .036 Asupan Serat -.283 -.860 .394 Asupan Vitamin C -.034 -.177 .860 Asupan Niasin -.022 -.882 .382",
"type": "Table"
}
] |
a4554339-3c3d-ebc0-c35e-cd652af60369 | http://fishscientiae.ulm.ac.id/index.php/fs/article/download/82/72 | [
{
"left": 288,
"top": 39,
"width": 239,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Siti Aminah :Pengaruh Modifikasi Kabam ....",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 512,
"top": 745,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "37",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 92,
"width": 393,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "PENGARUH MODIFIKASI KABAM (TRAP) TERHADAP HASIL",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 173,
"top": 107,
"width": 265,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "TANGKAPAN IKAN SELUANG (Rasbora sp)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 137,
"width": 399,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "THE INFLUENCE OF MODIFICATION KABAM (TRAP) AGAINST",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 205,
"top": 152,
"width": 201,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "CATCHES SELUANG (Rasbora sp)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 272,
"top": 177,
"width": 71,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1) Siti Aminah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 194,
"width": 381,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Program Studi Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Perikanan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan Universitas Lambung Mangkurat Banjarbaru",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 221,
"top": 219,
"width": 170,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e-mail: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 261,
"width": 63,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 303,
"width": 439,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) Untuk mengetahui perbedaan jumlah hasil tangkapan ( catch ) yang diperoleh dari modifikasi Kabam plastik dengan Kabam bambu. (2) Untuk mengetahui efektifitas antara kedua kabam yang lebih baik untuk digunakan dalam menangkap ikan seluang ( Rasbora sp ). Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 2 perlakuan yaitu perlakuan A : 10 unit Kabam Plastik dan perlakuan B : 10 unit Kabam Bambu. Dari hasil penelitian di peroleh (1) Modifikasi dari Kabam ( Trap ) yang digunakan dapat membedakan jumlah hasil tangkapan ( catch ) yang diperoleh,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 400,
"width": 438,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "(2) Alat tangkap kabam bambu dapat menghasilkan rerata jumlah ikan dan berat ikan yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan alat tangkap kabam plastik, sehingga kabam bambu lebih efektif untuk menangkap ikan seluang( Rasbora sp ).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 455,
"width": 221,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kata kunci : modifikasi, kabam, penangkapan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 270,
"top": 526,
"width": 70,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 554,
"width": 439,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "This research aims (1) to find out the difference of the amount of the catch (catch) obtained from the modification of plastics with bamboo Kabam. 2) to find out the effectiveness of both kabam better for use in catching fish seluang (Rasbora sp.). The methods used are Random Design Group with 2 treatments, namely treatments A: 10 units Kabam plastic and treatment B: 10 units Kabam bamboo. Of research results obtained in (1) the modification of the Kabam (Trap) that can distinguish the amount of the catch (catch) are obtained, (2) capture tool kabam bamboo can generate the average number of fish and bigger fish weight compared with capture tool kabam plastic, so that it is more effective for the bamboos kabam catch fish seluang (Rasbora sp).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 692,
"width": 208,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Key Words: Modification, Kabam, Catches",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 38,
"width": 249,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Fish Scientiae, Volume 5 Nomor 9, Juni 2015, hal 37-38",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 512,
"top": 745,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "38",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 138,
"top": 75,
"width": 101,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 105,
"width": 204,
"height": 362,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Di beberapa daerah di Kalimantan Selatan banyak di jumpai alat penangkap ikan tradisional yang digunakan oleh nelayan dalam usaha penangkapan ikan. Baik dengan alat tangkap yang bersifat aktif maupun pasif. Salah satunya adalah Kabam yang merupakan alat penangkap ikan seluang ( Rasbora sp ). Kontruksi bagian luarnya terbuat dari bilah bambu yang dijalin dengan anyaman rotan berbentuk selinder. Pintu masuk ikan di buat dari bambu bulat yang pada lubangnya diberi hinjap. Prinsip penangkapan dengan menggunakan alat ini sama saja dengan alar golongan perangkap lainnya yaitu ikan dapat masuk dengan mudah tapi keluarnya sulit.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 477,
"width": 203,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Ikan seluang yang hidup di air tawar merupakan ikan komersil yang cukup dikenal dan sangat digemari oleh masyarakat, baik di konsumsi dalam bentuk segar maupun kering. Sebagian pakar perikanan menyebutkan ikan ini sebagai hiasan dalam akuarium karena keindahan warna perak yang di timbulkan dari warna tubuhnya yang putih mengkilat atau putih kekuningan dengan sisiknya yang besar-besar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 74,
"width": 203,
"height": 260,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kabam merupakan alat tangkap yang terbuat dari bambu dan termasuk dalam kategori perangkap ( Trap ). Berbagai macam upaya yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat dalam membuat alat tangkap yang diharapkan bisa meningkatkan hasil tangkapan dan ramah lingkungan, salah satunya dengan melakukan modifikasi alat tangkap. Pada dasarnya kabam yang terbuat dari bambu yang umum digunakan oleh masyarakat harganya relatif mahal karna dalam pembuatannya cukup rumit.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 343,
"width": 203,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) Untuk mengetahui perbedaan jumlah hasil tangkapan ( catch ) yang diperoleh dari modifikasi Kabam ( Trap ) yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 426,
"width": 204,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "digunakan. (2) Untuk mengetahui efektifitas kabam plastik yang cocok digunakan dalam menangkap ikan seluang ( Rasbora sp ) terhadap kabam bambu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 530,
"width": 203,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Manfaat dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi sumber informasi bagi nelayan tentang jenis kabam yang tepat untuk mendapatkan hasil tangkapan ikan seluang ( Rasbora sp) yang lebih optimal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 288,
"top": 39,
"width": 239,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Siti Aminah :Pengaruh Modifikasi Kabam ....",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 512,
"top": 745,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "39",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 92,
"width": 141,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 134,
"width": 85,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Alat dan Bahan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 172,
"width": 203,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Sungai Batang Kabupaten Banjar Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Waktu penelitian dilaksanakan selama 3 bulan, dari bulan September sampai dengan bulan Nopember 2014.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 297,
"width": 203,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Alat dan bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 338,
"width": 123,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Perahu 1 (satu ) buah;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 359,
"width": 165,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Alat pengukur (meteran rool), timbangan duduk, kamera,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 400,
"width": 134,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Kabam Bambu 10 buah",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 421,
"width": 179,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. Kabam plastic sebanyak 10 buah",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 462,
"width": 203,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan percobaan di lapangan ( experimental fishing ). Menurut Hanafiah (2000), percobaan (eksperiment) adalah suatu tindakan coba-coba yang dirancang untuk menguji",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 607,
"width": 157,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "keabsahan dari hipotesis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 265,
"top": 607,
"width": 26,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 628,
"width": 203,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "dianjurkan. Percobaan merupakan suatu metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk menyelidiki sesuatu yang belum diketahui atau untuk menguji suatu teori",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 91,
"width": 203,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "atau hipotesis. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok. Faktor yang diselidiki pengaruhnya terhadap hasil tangkapan (khususnya ikan saluang) adalah hasil tangkapan dari kabam. Perlakuan yang diberikan pada percobaan ini adalah sebanyak 2 (dua) perlakuan, yaitu :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 278,
"width": 197,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Perlakuan A : 10 unit Kabam Plastik.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 299,
"width": 203,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Perlakuan B : 10 unit Kabam",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 319,
"width": 37,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Bambu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 340,
"width": 203,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dari kedua perlakuan tersebut kemudian diambil rata-ratanya dalam jumlah (ekor) maupun jumlah berat (gram) agar data yang didapat dalam angka bisa lebih mewakili.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 443,
"width": 203,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Masing-masing unit kabam yang dipasang dimasukkan ke dalam 16 kelompok",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 404,
"top": 485,
"width": 123,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "(hari-hari operasi).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 505,
"width": 203,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pengacakan terhadap seluruh satuan percobaan (20 unit) dilakukan setiap kali beroperasi, sehingga setiap satuan percobaan mempunyai peluang yang sama terhadap lokasi penangkapan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 623,
"width": 76,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Analisis Data",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 645,
"width": 47,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hipotesis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 665,
"width": 203,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hipotesis yang akan diuji kebenarannya dalam penelitian ini adalah hipotesa yang menggambarkan hubungan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 38,
"width": 249,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Fish Scientiae, Volume 5 Nomor 9, Juni 2015, hal 37-40",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 512,
"top": 745,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "40",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 74,
"width": 203,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "variabel penyebab dan variabel akibat, yaitu berupa hipotesa alternatif yang disingkat dengan H 1 . Hipotesis kerja menyatakan hubungan antara variabel x dan y.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 178,
"width": 203,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Adapun hipotesis yang diuji kebenarannya dalam penelitian ini dirumuskan sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 246,
"width": 203,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "H 0 = Modifikasi kabam tidak berpengaruh terhadap hasil tangkapan H 1 = Modifikasi kabam berpengaruh terhadap hasil tangkapan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 75,
"width": 68,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Analisis Data",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 95,
"width": 201,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Untuk dapat menjawab semua hipotesis di atas maka harus dilakukan suatu pembuktian dengan analisis data. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan meliputi data primer. Data primer adalah data yang langsung dikumpulkan oleh peneliti dari sumber utama. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi jumlah ekor dan jumlah berat yang dinyatakan dalam gram.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 302,
"width": 203,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Data yang terkumpul dimasukkan dalam bentuk tabulasi pengamatan seperti pada Tabel 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 405,
"width": 439,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 1. Data Pengamatan Berdasarkan Jumlah Berat Dari Tiga Perlakuan Dalam 16 Kali Pengamatan (Kelompok) Perlakuan A B Jumlah Kelompok Kelompok I Kelompok II . . . Kelompok XVI X 1A X 2A . . . . X 16A",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 348,
"top": 447,
"width": 20,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "X 1B X 2B . . .",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 447,
"width": 396,
"height": 160,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "X 16B JKL 1 JKL 2 . . . JKL 16 Jumlah T 1 T 2 G.T Rerata RT 1 RT 2 Keterangan : T = Jumlah Perlakuan RT = Rata-rata Perlakuan JKL = Jumlah Kelompok",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 609,
"width": 188,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "X = Bilangan dari Hasil Tangkapan G.T = Jumlah Total dari T dan JKL",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 634,
"width": 119,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "A = Kabam plastik B = Kabam Bambu",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 288,
"top": 39,
"width": 239,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Siti Aminah :Pengaruh Modifikasi Kabam ....",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 512,
"top": 745,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "41",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 91,
"width": 203,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Eksperimen ini dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok, sebelum data diolah dengan statistic parametrik yaitu uji F, maka data hasil penelitian terlebih dahulu diuji",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 195,
"width": 184,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "sebarannya apakah normal atau tidak.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 124,
"top": 216,
"width": 167,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Menurut Nasoetion dan Barizi,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 236,
"width": 202,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "(1980) bahwa pengujian terhadap",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 257,
"width": 203,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "kenormalan suatu data adalah perlu, bila kita bermaksud menggunakan metode statistic yang memerlukan anggapan peubah acak itu menyebar normal. Salah satu cara menguji kenormalan suatu data adalah menggunakan Uji Liliefors (Uji Kenormalan Sebaran Data).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 91,
"width": 203,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Prinsip perhitungan Uji Liliefors adalah :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 133,
"width": 200,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "L maks ={ [ F (Z1) – S (Z1)] . [ F (Z2) – S (Z2) … F (Zn) – S (Zn)]}",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 174,
"width": 200,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jika L maks < L (n) terima H 0 : H 1 Data normal L maks > L (n) tolak H 0 : dan terima H 1 Data tidak normal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 250,
"width": 203,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sebaran data normal atau yang sudah dinormalkan dianalisa dengan uji F, dan untuk menyederhanakan dan memudahkan uji F, maka dibuat suatu analisa keragaman (ANOVA). Analisa keragaman (ANOVA) dapat dilihat pada Tabel 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 38,
"width": 249,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Fish Scientiae, Volume 5 Nomor 9, Juni 2015, hal 37-42",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 512,
"top": 745,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "42",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 74,
"width": 364,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 2. Daftar Analisis Keragaman Dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 89,
"width": 404,
"height": 146,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "F Tabel Sumber Keragaman Derajat Bebas (DB) Jumlah Kuadrat (JK) Rata- rata Kuadrat (KT) F Hitung 5 % 1 % Perlakuan t – 1 S 1 V 1 Kelompok n – 1 S 2 V 2 Kesalahan (Error) (n – 1)(t – 1) S 3 V 3 Total tn – 1 S 4 Perhitungan jumlah kuadrat :",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 235,
"width": 199,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Faktor Koreksi (CF) = (G.T) 2 t.n",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 261,
"width": 739,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Jumlah Kuadrat Perlakuan (S 1 ) = 1 ( T 1 2 + T 2 2 ) – CF n 3. Jumlah Kuadrat Perlakuan (S 2 ) = 1 ( JKL 1 2 + JKL 2 2 + JKL 20 2 ) – CF n 4. Jumlah Kuadrat Perlakuan (S 4 ) = 1 (X 1 2 ) + (X 2 2 ) + (X 3 2 ) + ....(X 20 2 ) – CF",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 326,
"width": 6,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "n",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 339,
"width": 177,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5. S 3 = S 4 - ( S 1 + S 2 )",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 351,
"width": 132,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "6. V 1 = S 1 t – 1",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 377,
"width": 211,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "7. V 2 = S 2 (n – 1) (DB perlakuan) 8. V 3",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 402,
"width": 180,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "= S 3 (DK error eksperimen)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 415,
"width": 140,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "t ( n – 1 )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 427,
"width": 173,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "9. F Hitung Kelompok = V 2 V 3 10. F Hitung Kelompok = V 1 V 3 Keterangan :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 490,
"width": 186,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "SK = Sumber Keragaman DB = Derajat Bebas JK = Jumlah kuadrat JKK = Jumlah Kuadrat Kelompok JKP = Jumlah Kuadrat Perlakuan KTK = Kuadrat Tengah Kelompok KTP = kuadrat Tengah Perlakuan KTG = Kuadrat Tengah Galat",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 620,
"width": 203,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Penerimaan atau penolakan terhadap hipotesis berdasarkan perhitungan- perhitungan, yaitu :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 682,
"width": 202,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "a. Jika F hitung < F tabel 5 % berarti diantara perlakukan tidak terdapat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 288,
"top": 39,
"width": 239,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Siti Aminah :Pengaruh Modifikasi Kabam ....",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 512,
"top": 745,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "43",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 91,
"width": 203,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "perbedaan yang nyata . b. Jika F hitung > F tabel 5 % berarti diantara perlakukan terdapat perbedaan yang nyata . c. Jika Fhitung > Ftabel 1 % berarti diantara perlakuan terdapat perbedaan yang sangat nyata.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 271,
"width": 167,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 313,
"width": 27,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hasil",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 333,
"width": 203,
"height": 301,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hasil tangkapan ikan berupa jumlah ikan seluang (dalam ekor) dan berat ikan seluang (dalam gram) dengan menggunakan penangkap ikan berupa kabam di Desa Sungai Batang di peroleh hasil yaitu rerata jumlah ikan dan berat ikan antara perlakuan A (perlakuan 10 unit Kabam Plastik) dengan perlakuan B (perlakuan 10 unit Kabam Bambu) adalah tidak sama. Perlakuan B memiliki rerata jumlah ikan dan berat ikan yang lebih besar yakni 16,38 ekor atau 60,75 gram jika dibandingkan dengan perlakuan A yang hanya 10,94 ekor atau 36,63 gram.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 644,
"width": 203,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Uji homogenitas yang digunakan adalah uji homogenitas menurut ragam Bartlett dan uji normalitas yang digunakan adalah uji normalitas menurut",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 91,
"width": 204,
"height": 219,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Liliefors . Uji normalitas menurut Liliefors terhadap data jumlah ikan yang tertangkap menunjukkan bahwa data menyebar normal, dimana nilai Li max = 0,144 < nilai Li tabel 5% (0,142 dan 1% (0,157). Hasil perhitungan uji homogenitas menurut ragam Bartlett , didapat hasil X 2 hitung = 4,970 < X 2 tabel (0,01) = 6,635; ini menunjukkan bahwa data jumlah ikan yang tertangkap adalah homogen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 319,
"width": 203,
"height": 344,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hasil perhitungan analisis keragaman (uji F) membuktikan bahwa perlakuan yang diteliti menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata pada taraf 5% terhadap data jumlah ikan yang tertangkap. Berpengaruhnya perlakuan yang diteliti jelas terlihat dari nilai Fhitung (6,62) nilai Ftabel 5% (4,54) dan 1% (8,68), dimana H o ditolak dan H 1 diterima. Artinya alat penangkap ikan berupa kabam yang digunakan berpengaruh nyata terhadap hasil tangkapan. Hal ini ditunjukkan pula dari besarnya perbedaan nilai rerata jumlah ikan yang tertangkap pada dua perlakuan yakni 10,94 ekor (perlakuan A) dengan 16,38 ekor (perlakuan B).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 672,
"width": 203,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berpengaruhnya perlakuan yang diberikan terhadap jumlah ikan yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 38,
"width": 249,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Fish Scientiae, Volume 5 Nomor 9, Juni 2015, hal 37-44",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 512,
"top": 745,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "44",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 74,
"width": 203,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "tertangkap ini maka perlu dilakukan uji lanjutan Uji Beda Nyata Jujur Duncan (BNJD) berdasarkan nilai Koefisien Keragaman (KK) sebesar 43,76% untuk mengetahui perlakuan mana yang memberikan hasil terbaik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 198,
"width": 207,
"height": 239,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hasil Uji Beda Nyata Jujur Duncan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan 10 unit kabam plastik (A) berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan 10 unit kabam bambu (B). Perbedaan ini terbukti dari nilai beda antara dua perlakuan (5,438) yang lebih besar dari D hitung pada taraf kepercayaan 5% (6,360) dan 1% (8,811). Serupa dengan data penelitian, dimana nilai rerata jumlah ikan yang tertangkap pada perlakuan B lebih banyak jika dibandingkan dengan perlakuan A.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 447,
"width": 203,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dengan demikian, berdasarkan hasil uji Uji Beda Nyata Jujur Duncan ini terlihat bahwa perlakuan B menunjukkaan perlakuan yang lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan perlakuan A.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 550,
"width": 203,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Untuk uji normalitas menurut Liliefors terhadap data berat ikan yang ditangkap menunjukkan bahwa data menyebar normal, dimana nilai Li max sebesar 0,139 < nilai Li tabel 5% (0,142 dan 1% (0,157). Hasil perhitungan uji homogenitas menurut ragam Bartlett , didapat hasil X 2 hitung = 6,580 < X 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 74,
"width": 203,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "tabel (0,05) = 6,635; ini menunjukkan bahwa data berat ikan yang tertangkap adalah homogen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 136,
"width": 203,
"height": 344,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hasil perhitungan analisis keragaman (uji F) membuktikan bahwa perlakuan yang diteliti menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang sangat nyata pada taraf 5% dan 1% terhadap data berat ikan yang tertangkap. Berpengaruhnya perlakuan yang diteliti jelas terlihat dari nilai Fhitung (10,52) nilai Ftabel 5% (4,54) dan 1% (8,68), dimana H o ditolak dan H 1 diterima. Artinya alat penangkap ikan berupa kabam yang digunakan berpengaruh nyata terhadap hasil tangkapan. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari besarnya perbedaan nilai rerata berat ikan yang tertangkap pada dua perlakuan yakni 36,63 gram (perlakuan A) dengan 60,75 gram (perlakuan B).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 490,
"width": 203,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berpengaruhnya perlakuan yang diberikan terhadap berat ikan yang tertangkap ini maka perlu dilakukan uji lanjutan yakni Uji Beda Nyata Jujur Duncan (BNJD) berdasarkan nilai Koefisien Keragaman (KK) sebesar 43,21% untuk mengetahui perlakuan mana yang memberikan hasil terbaik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 655,
"width": 203,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hasil Uji Beda Nyata Jujur Duncan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan 10 unit kabam plastik (A) berbeda nyata",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 288,
"top": 39,
"width": 239,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Siti Aminah :Pengaruh Modifikasi Kabam ....",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 512,
"top": 745,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "45",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 91,
"width": 203,
"height": 198,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "dengan perlakuan 10 unit kabam bambu (B). Perbedaan ini terbukti dari nilai beda antara dua perlakuan (24,125) yang lebih besar dari D hitung pada taraf kepercayaan 5% (22,387) dan 1% (31,014). Serupa dengan data penelitian, dimana nilai rerata berat ikan yang tertangkap pada perlakuan B lebih banyak jika dibandingkan dengan perlakuan A. Dengan demikian,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 299,
"width": 203,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "berdasarkan hasil uji Uji Beda Nyata Jujur Duncan ini terlihat bahwa perlakuan B menunjukkaan perlakuan yang lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan perlakuan A.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 423,
"width": 171,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 465,
"width": 67,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 503,
"width": 203,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kesimpulan yang dapat dikemukakan berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebagai",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 565,
"width": 44,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 91,
"width": 203,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Modifikasi dari Kabam ( Trap ) yang digunakan dapat membedakan jumlah hasil tangkapan ( catch ) yang diperoleh",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 174,
"width": 203,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Alat tangkap kabam bambu dapat menghasilkan rerata jumlah ikan dan berat ikan yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan alat tangkap kabam plastik, sehingga kabam bambu lebih efektif untuk menangkap ikan seluang( Rasbora sp ).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 356,
"width": 32,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Saran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 388,
"width": 200,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi hasil tangkapan seperti arah arus dan kecepatan arus, sehingga diperoleh teknologi alat penangkapan ikan yang ramah lingkungan yang dapat diaplikasikan dengan baik dan tepat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 622,
"width": 123,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 662,
"width": 438,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Ayodhyoa, A.U. 1981. Metode Penangkapan Ikan. Fakultas Perikanan IPB. Bogor 97 halaman.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 696,
"width": 439,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Diniah, D. Lismawati dan S. Martasuganda. 2005. Uji Coba Dua Jenis Bubu Penangkap Keong Macan Di Perairan Karang Serang Kabupaten Tangerang. Jurnal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 38,
"width": 249,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Fish Scientiae, Volume 5 Nomor 9, Juni 2015, hal.47-46",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 512,
"top": 745,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "46",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 74,
"width": 392,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Mangrove dan Pesisir Vol. VI No. 2/2006. Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Institut Pertanian Bogor",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 112,
"width": 439,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hanafiah, K.A, 2000. Rancangan Percobaan, Teori dan Aplikasi. Fakultas Perikanan Universitas Sriwijaya. 238 Halaman.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 149,
"width": 439,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kurnia, M. 2003. Perbandingan Hasil Tangkapan Bubu Pada Jenis Terumbu Buatan Bambu Dan Ban Di Perairan Teluk Bone. Jurnal Sains & Teknologi, Agustus 2003, Vol. 3. No.2 :57-64. ISSN 1411-4674. Jurusan Perikanan Fakultas Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 215,
"width": 574,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Naryo, Sadhori. 1985. Teknik Penangkapan Ikan dan Udang. Dinas Perikanan Propinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Banjarbaru. 97 halaman.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 252,
"width": 439,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Nasoetion AH dan Barizi, 1980. Metode Statistik Untuk Penarikan Kesimpulan. PT.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 266,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Gramedia. Jakarta. 233 Halaman.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 290,
"width": 439,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sastrapradja, 2000. Aspek Penyebaran Ikan Air Tawar di Indonesia PT. Gramedia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 304,
"width": 110,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jakarta. 275 Halaman.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 327,
"width": 439,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sudirman, M,Pi. dan Achmar, M. 2000. Tekhnik Penangkapan Ikan. Rineka Cipta. Jakarta. 168 Halaman.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
d2be9b30-3c06-fe29-2f6c-a995ced570a6 | https://e-journal.sastra-unes.com/index.php/JILP/article/download/611/580 | [
{
"left": 156,
"top": 37,
"width": 284,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Sulis Anggraini Lopa, 2 Etereda Beyete , 3 Deden Maulana Ibrahim",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 50,
"width": 345,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal JILP (Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole) Vol . 7 No. 1 (2023) ISSN : 2581-0804",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 754,
"width": 422,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal JILP (Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole) Vol . 7 No. 1 (2023) ISSN : 2581-0804 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License .",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 293,
"top": 779,
"width": 12,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "16",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 75,
"width": 431,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Terbit online pada laman web jurnal : http://e-journal.sastra-unes.com/index.php/JILP",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 153,
"width": 74,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fakultas Sastra",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 165,
"width": 97,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Universitas Ekasakti",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 94,
"width": 248,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL JILP (Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole )",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 139,
"width": 98,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "V o l u m e 7 N o m o r 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 153,
"width": 418,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN : 2581-0804 (Media Cetak) E-ISSN : 2581-1819 (Media Online) Received: 15-09-2023 Revised: 08-10-2023 Available online: 01-12-2023",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 199,
"width": 417,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mandi Balimau Sebagai Tradisi Masyarakat di Minangkabau",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 270,
"width": 421,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Sulis Anggraini Lopa, 2 Darwianis, 3 Etereda Beyete , 4 Deden Maulana Ibrahim",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 301,
"width": 412,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Pendidikan Pancasila Dan Kewarganegaraan, keguruuan dan ilmu pendidikan, universitas bung hatta, [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 324,
"width": 401,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3 pendidikan pancasila dan kewarganegraan, keguruuan dan ilmu pendidikan, universitas bung hatta, [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 347,
"width": 330,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4 Quantity Surveyora, teknik sipil dan perencanaan, [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 395,
"width": 39,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 407,
"width": 454,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Balimau adalah tradisi turun temurun yang diwariskan nenek moyang Minangkabau dan biasanya dilakukan masyarakat di air sungai yang mengalir dan sekarang banyak dilakukan di tempat-tempat pemandian umum. Tradisi mandi Balimau yang dipercaya sejak dulu sampai sekarang masih banyak melakukan mandi Balimau menggunakan jeruk di sungai dan tempat pemandian untuk tujuan membersihkan diri menjelang bulan suci Ramadhan. Dulu, masyarakat Minangkabau, Sumatera Barat ada tradisi Balimau, mandi di sungai menggunakan Jeruk membersihan diri menjelang Ramadhan. Karena ketika itu belum ada sabun untuk mandi. Di Riau dan Lampung juga ada tradisi mandi Taubat menjelang memasuki bulan suci Ramadhan. Tradisi Balimau semata-mata untuk membersihkan diri, sebelum memasuki bulan Puasa. Namun kini, akibat perkembangan zaman, momen Balimau dijadikan untuk pergi main-main ke tempat wisata serta mandi mandi bertentangan dengan adat dan agama Islam. Dulu membaca atau berniat mandi Balimau dan meluruskan hati, semata-mata untuk membersihkan diri dan mensucikan jiwa memasuki bulan Puasa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 572,
"width": 223,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Mandi Balimau, Minangkabau, Tradisi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 455,
"top": 594,
"width": 69,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "© 2023Jurnal JILP",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 618,
"width": 106,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "I INTRODUCTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 643,
"width": 224,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Balimau ialah tradisi mandi dengan menggunakan jeruk nipis yang berkembang di kalangan masyarakat Minangkabau dan biasanya dilakukan pada kawasan-kawasan tertentu yang memiliki aliran sungai dan tempat pemandian. Tradisi ini diwariskan secara turun temurun dan dipercaya telah berlangsung selama berabad-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 643,
"width": 221,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "abad. Latar belakang dari balimau adalah untuk membersihkan diri secara lahir dan batin sebelum memasuki bulan suci Ramadan, sesuai dengan ajaran agama Islam, yaitu menyucikan diri sebelum menjalankan ibadah puasa. Secara lahir, menyucikan diri adalah mandi yang bersih. Zaman dahulu tidak setiap orang bisa mandi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 37,
"width": 284,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Sulis Anggraini Lopa, 2 Etereda Beyete , 3 Deden Maulana Ibrahim",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 50,
"width": 345,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal JILP (Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole) Vol . 7 No. 1 (2023) ISSN : 2581-0804",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 754,
"width": 422,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal JILP (Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole) Vol . 7 No. 1 (2023) ISSN : 2581-0804 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License .",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 293,
"top": 779,
"width": 12,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "17",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 221,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dengan bersih, baik karena tidak ada sabun, wilayah yang kekurangan air, atau bahkan karena sibuk bekerja maupun sebab yang lain. Saat itu pengganti sabun di beberapa wilayah di Minangkabau adalah limau (jeruk nipis), karena sifatnya yang melarutkan minyak atau keringat di badan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 163,
"width": 221,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mandi Balimau dari tahun ke tahun sudah menjadi tradisi di Sumatera Barat untuk menyambut Ramadhan. Sumatera Barat ialah provinsi di Indonesia yang terletak di pulau Sumatera, dengan Padang sebagai ibu kotanya. Sumatera Barat kaya akan kekayaan alam dan budaya seperti Tari Tradisional, Rumah Gadang, Tradisi Mandi Balimau, dll, merupakan salah satu daya tarik yang ada di daerah ini. Salah satu tradisi yang masih mereka dipegang dan pertahankan yaitu tradisi mandi balimau. Dalam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 75,
"width": 222,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Islam, Bulan Ramadhan dianggap sebagai bulan yang paling mulia di antara bulan-bulan lainnya. Selama Bulan Ramadhan, semua umat Islam diwajibkan berpuasa selama sebulan penuh. Selain menjadi kewajiban, puasa di bulan Ramadhan juga menjadi amalan yang memiliki banyak keutamaan. Tradisi ini juga merupakan bentuk rasa syukur dan perayaan datangnya bulan ramadhan. Tapi faktanya sekarang, terjadi pergeseran nilai. Bahkan, telah terjadi pelecehan nilai adat dan agama, sehingga wajar saja kalau tradisi Mandi Baliamau dilarang oleh Walikota Padang, Karena secara fakta, tradisi Mandi Balimau ini dijadikan ajang bagi remaja untuk jalan-jalan dan bahkan mandi-madi bersama pacar atau pasangan yang tak muhrimnya .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 328,
"width": 137,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "II RESEARCH METHODS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 353,
"width": 221,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Metode deskriptif kualitatif adalah menampilkan data apa adanya tanpa proses manipulasi atau perlakuan- perlakuan lain. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 353,
"width": 221,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "untuk menyajikan gambaran secara lengkap mengenai suatu kejadian atau dimaksudkan untuk mengekspos dan mengklarifikasi suatu fenomena yang terjadi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 442,
"width": 171,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "III RESULTS AND DISCUSSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 467,
"width": 221,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berbicara mengenai Sumatera Barat, salah satu hal yang paling relevan untuk dikaitkan dengan provinsi ini adalah Budaya dan Adat yang ada disana. Jumlahnya sangat banyak dan sudah ada sejak zaman dahulu, salah satunya adalah Tradisi Mandi Suci / Balimau di Minangkabau. Mandi bukan hanya sekadar mandi biasa, namun tradisi ini memiliki syarat dan aturan, dan juga sangat terkenal di ranah Minang. Setiap daerah memiliki tradisi dan keunikan tersendiri dalam menyambut bulan suci Ramadan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 619,
"width": 221,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Di berbagai daerah di Indonesia, Ramadan disambut dengan sejumlah aktivitas. Kegiatan-kegiatan menjadi tradisi turun menurun yang masih dilakukan hingga saat ini. Tradisi menyambut Ramadan di Indonesia berinti pada mensucikan diri, saling bermaafan, dan menjalin silaturrahmi. Ada banyak bentuk “penyambutan” bulan Ramadan sebagai Tamu paling agung oleh umat Islam. Salah satu tradisi yang biasanya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 467,
"width": 221,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dilakukan masyarakat keturunan minang untuk menyambut bulan suci Ramadan adalah tradisi mandi balimau.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 505,
"width": 221,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Masyarakat Minangkabau melaksanakan wujud dari kebersihan hati dan jiwa dengan cara mengguyur seluruh anggota tubuh atau keramas disertai dengan ritual yang memberikan kenyamanan dan efek batin serta kesepian lahir batin ketika melaksanakan ibadah puasa. Balimau adalah sebutan bagi upacara penyambutan datangnya bulan suci Ramadhan dengan cara bermandi-mandian yang bertujuan untuk menyucikan diri kita dari dosa selama ini kita perbuat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 644,
"width": 221,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ditinjau dari sudut agama, balimau hukumnya sunat. Artinya bila dikerjakan berpahala kalau ditinggalkan tidak berdosa dan juga tidak membatalkan puasa bila tidak dilakukan. “Hanya saja lantaran sudah merupakan kebiasaan bagi orangtua kita dari zaman dulu, akhirnya menjadi tradisi. Tapi bagi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 37,
"width": 284,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Sulis Anggraini Lopa, 2 Etereda Beyete , 3 Deden Maulana Ibrahim",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 50,
"width": 345,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal JILP (Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole) Vol . 7 No. 1 (2023) ISSN : 2581-0804",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 754,
"width": 422,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal JILP (Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole) Vol . 7 No. 1 (2023) ISSN : 2581-0804 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 293,
"top": 779,
"width": 12,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "18",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 221,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "orangtua kita, balimau tidak perlu pergi jauh-jauh seperti anak muda sekarang, cukup di tepian mandi atau di bak masjid, surau dan di bak mushalla, karena yang penting niat dan pelaksanaannya” kata H. Khairil, Kamis (25/5), di Muaro Sijunjung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 151,
"width": 221,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Secara harfiah, \"Balimau\" berarti mandi dengan menggunakan limau (jeruk nipis). Zaman dahulu, warga Minangkabau mandi dengan menggunakan jeruk nipis sebagaiL pengganti fungsi sabun. \"Balimau\" berarti penekanan makna bahwa ia mandi benar-benar bersih. Itulah yang kemudian dikaitkan dengan ajaran agama Islam, yakni sebagai datang benar-benar membersihkan diri lahir dan batin menjelang melaksanakan ibadah puasa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 277,
"width": 221,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Balimau adalah tradisi turun temurun yang diwariskan nenek moyang Minangkabau dan biasanya dilakukan masyarakat di air sungai yang mengalir dan sekarang banyak dilakukan di tempat-tempat pemandian umum. Tradisi mandi Balimau yang dipercaya sejak dulu sampai sekarang masih banyak melakukan mandi Balimau menggunakan jeruk di sungai dan tempat pemandian untuk tujuan membersihkan diri menjelang bulan suci Ramadhan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 404,
"width": 221,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sementara itu, berdasarkan catatan, Balimau sendiri bermakna mandi dengan menggunakan air yang dicampur jeruk, yang oleh masyarakat setempat disebut limau. Jeruk yang biasa digunakan adalah jeruk purut, jeruk nipis, dan jeruk kapas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 480,
"width": 221,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Balimau adalah salah satu hal wajib yang untuk di lakukan sebelum menunaikan ibadah puasa Ramadhan bagi sebagian masyarakat yang mempercayainya. Kepercayaan masyarakat dengan balimau masih sangat banyak dan setiap menjelang bulan suci Ramadhan banyak masyarakat mandi Balimau ke tempat-tempat wisata pemandian. Mandi Balimau menjadi tujuan sekaligus pergi jalan-jalan sebagai penutupan untuk pergi main karena sebulan penuh beribadah di bulan suci Ramadhan yang penuh keberkahan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 632,
"width": 221,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Balimau dilakukan dengan mengguyurkan air jeruk dan bunga-bunga yang sudah diracik ke seluruh tubuh, dari kepala sampai jari kaki, seperti mandi wajib. Bagi masyarakat yang mengikuti kegiatan balimau memang beragam penafsiran. Ada diantara mereka balimau ke obyek wisata hanya sebagai hiburan semata. Sepulang balimau, mereka",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 75,
"width": 221,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kembali mandi balimau (pakai limau yang terdiri dari bunga-bungaan) di rumah masing-masing. Ada juga beralasan, balimau untuk mempererat silaturrahmi dengan teman-teman. Sekalian saling bermaaf-maafan dengan kawan-kawan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 138,
"width": 221,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari tahun ke tahun, mandi Balimau sudah menjadi tradisi di Sumatera Barat untuk menyambut Ramadhan. Sumatera Barat adalah sebuah provinsi di Indonesia yang terletak di pulau Sumatera, dengan Padang sebagai ibu kotanya. Sebelum memasuki bulan Ramadhan, masyarakat Minangkabau selalu mengamalkan tradisi mandi Balimau.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 239,
"width": 221,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tradisi ini telah diturunkan dari generasi ke generasi dan diyakini telah berlangsung selama berabad-abad. Tradisi mandi balimau ini berlangsung sebelum magrib dan berakhir sebelum adzan Magrib. Tradisi ini merupakan ungkapan rasa syukur dan kegembiraan memasuki Ramadhan dan simbol penyucian diri. Tradisi ini terdapat hampir di seluruh wilayah Sumatera Barat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 353,
"width": 221,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Di sisi lain, manfaat mandi balimau ini juga dijadikan ajang dalam bersyukur kepada Allah SWT, karena masih diberi kesehatan dan kesempatan untuk bisa menjalani ibadah puasa lagi. Selain itu, juga untuk mempererat silaturahmi antar sesama muslim di Minangkabau.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 442,
"width": 221,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ada banyak nilai kebaikan dalam tradisi Balimau. Sesuai ajaran agama, umat Islam harus menyucikan hati dan diri dari segala dosa. Salah satunya dengan saling bermanfaat satu sama lain. Momen Balimau juga dihiasi dengan saling berbagi makanan. Menu makan bajamba adalah makanan dan minuman yang dibawa oleh kaum ibu dari rumah masing-masing. Terkadang ada juga yang disediakan panitia dari biaya yang berasal dari iuran bersama.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 568,
"width": 221,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berkaca dari asal-usul dan Sejarah Mandi Balimau ini, masyarakat Minang di zaman dahulu melakukan tradisi ini memang semata- mata untuk membersihkan diri, sebelum memasuki bulan Puasa. Di Kota Padang biasanya dari tahun ke tahun, ada 12 titik lokasi untuk tradisi mandi balimau seperti Pantai Padang, Pantai Aia Manih, Pantai Pasir Jambak, Lubuak Tampuruang, dan Lubuak Paraku.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 682,
"width": 221,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Namun sayangnya tradisi satu ini malah menimbulkan kontroversi. Di mana masyarakat yang akan melakukan ritual mandi balimau itu, mereka akan bercampur di dalam sungai tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 37,
"width": 284,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Sulis Anggraini Lopa, 2 Etereda Beyete , 3 Deden Maulana Ibrahim",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 50,
"width": 345,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal JILP (Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole) Vol . 7 No. 1 (2023) ISSN : 2581-0804",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 754,
"width": 422,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal JILP (Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole) Vol . 7 No. 1 (2023) ISSN : 2581-0804 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 293,
"top": 779,
"width": 12,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "19",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 221,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hal ini dikarenakan, bercampurnya antara laki- laki dan perempuan di suatu tempat bukanlah sesuatu yang diajarkan oleh Islam. Serta dikhawatirkan pula oleh Walikota, akan terjadi pelecehan karena mandi di dalam sungai yang sama.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 151,
"width": 222,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Seiring berjalannya waktu, nilai sakral mandi Balimau mengalami pergeseran. Dalam tradisi tersebut digambarkan, para pengunjung layaknya mandi biasa, namun di penghujung mandi diakhiri dengan siraman air dari rendaman bunga tujuh rupa bercampur limau (jeruk nipis). Selain juga, bercampurnya laki-laki dan perempuan dewasa menjadikan ulama di Sumbar menyatakan haram terhadap tradisi tersebut. Cara tersebut yang dinilai ulama Sumbar menghilangkan makna dari membersihkan diri. Walaupun sudah dilarang, tradisi itu hingga kini, tetap bertahan di masyarakat Minang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 315,
"width": 221,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Banyak tempat-tempat wisata pemandian yang dijadikan sebagai lokasi balimau. Bahkan beberapa tahun terakhir, mereka yang Balimau bukan hanya mereka yang berniat membersihkan diri. Makin banyak yang Balimau dengan niat untuk hura-hura semata atau bahkan menemui pasangan lain jenis. Mereka kebanyakan adalah dari kalangan generasi muda.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 416,
"width": 221,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tak heran jika setiap tahun menjelang hari Balimau, para ulama dan tokoh masyarakat setempat selalu mengingatkan warga tentang hakikat Balimau. Balimau harus tetap terjaga untuk ajang mensucikan diri dan bukan sebaliknya. Namun kaum muda malah kerap melanggarnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 505,
"width": 221,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bahkan mereka saling bercampur antara lelaki dan perempuan padahal jelas bukan muhrim. Selain itu, juga sering ada peristiwa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 75,
"width": 221,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "anak-anak hanyut karena tanpa pengawasan orangtua saat melakukan tradisi Balimau. Tokoh adat, agama dan pemerintah kota Padang ikut turun tangan menjaga tradisi agar tidak jauh melenceng dari nilai-nilai Islam. Mereka telah meminta pengelola tempat wisata diminta memasang pagar pembatas antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Pengamanan perayaan itu juga diperketat. Setiap tahun, anggota Satpol PP Kota Padang dikerahkan mengamankan kegiatan Balimau di 25 titik pemandian. Sebuah tujuan yang baik dan suci harusnya memang terjaga.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 227,
"width": 221,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mengutip dari sumbarprov.go.id, tradisi ini tidak mencerminkan masyarakat muslim. Pasalnya, tradisi mandi bersama ini justru memperlihatkan laki-laki dan perempuan yang saling berbaur di sungai. Mulai dari tua, muda, laki-laki, hingga perempuan berbaur menjadi satu. Meskipun masih mengenakan pakaian, tetapi hal tersebut dinilai kurang pantas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 328,
"width": 221,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menilik dari sejarahnya, tradisi mandi balimau tak memiliki catatan pasti tentang asal- usulnya. Namun, masyarakat tetap melaksanakan tradisi ini setiap tahunnya. Adapun dari sisi etimologi, 'mandi balimau' berarti mandi dengan menggunakan jeruk nipis atau limau. Selain limau, masyarakat juga menggunakan rempah- rempah dari daun padan yang telah diiris-iris dan aneka macam bunga. Setelah mandi, rempah- rempah tersebut kemudian ditaburkan ke tubuh. Meski tak ditemukan asal-usulnya, tradisi ini sebenarnya merupakan warisan dari kebudayaan agama Hindu. Beberapa masyarakat juga menyebut tradisi ini lahir karena adanya akulturasi agama Hindu dan budaya Minangkabau.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 568,
"width": 94,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "IV CONCLUSIONS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 594,
"width": 221,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mandi Balimau ialah tradisi yang dipercaya sejak dahulu sampai sekarang dan masih banyak dilakukan oleh masyarakat Minangkabau, tetapi sekarang sudah mulai menyimpang dari tradisi yaitu mandi Balimau tetapi satu tempat dan satu waktu dengan lawan jenis yang bukan muhrimnya. hal ini yang harus diperhatikan agar tidak dilakukan lagi dan tidak berkembang lagi di masyarakat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 594,
"width": 222,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebagai umat muslim kita harus memperhatikan segala penyimpangan yang terjadi di lingkungan sekitar kita dan harus mengatasi penyimpangan yang terjadi minimal mengingatkan yang di sekitar kita agar tidak melakukan penyimpangan sosial yang terjadi dan tidak berkembang lebih besar penyimpangan sosial tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 37,
"width": 284,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Sulis Anggraini Lopa, 2 Etereda Beyete , 3 Deden Maulana Ibrahim",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 50,
"width": 345,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal JILP (Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole) Vol . 7 No. 1 (2023) ISSN : 2581-0804",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 754,
"width": 422,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal JILP (Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole) Vol . 7 No. 1 (2023) ISSN : 2581-0804 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 293,
"top": 779,
"width": 12,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "20",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 267,
"top": 94,
"width": 65,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bibliography",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 119,
"width": 221,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[1]A. Khoirul Anam (Balimau, Tradisi Menjelang Ramadhan di Ranah Minang) https://nu.or.id/warta/balimau-tradisi- menjelang-ramadhan-di-ranah-minang-2- habis-1Mb9u",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 182,
"width": 221,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[2]Audia Nesty (Tradisi Mandi Balimau) Mahasiswi Unand Fak. Ilmu Budaya, Jurusan Sastra Minangkabau.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 220,
"width": 222,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[3]Dinda Febrianti (Balimau Membersihkan Diri, Bukan Mengotori)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 245,
"width": 222,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://infopublik.sijunjung.go.id/balimau- membersihkan-diri-bukan-mengotori/. [4]Dream.co.id (Menjaga Kesucian Ramadan saat Mandi Balimau)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 296,
"width": 192,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://www.dream.co.id/lifestyle/menjaga- kesucian-ramadan-saat-mandi-balimau-",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 321,
"width": 66,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "150706a.html.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 334,
"width": 221,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[5]Eri Naldi, VIVAnews.com, Padang - Balimau, Tradisi Sambut Ramadan yang Dilarang.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 359,
"width": 221,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[6]Febrian Fachri (Nilai Kebaikan di Balik Tradisi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 372,
"width": 222,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Balimau) https://www.republika.id/posts/26572/nilai -kebaikan-di-balik-tradisi-balimau [7]Gina Novia Utami, Iskandar Syah, Muhammad Basri (Tradisi Balimau pada Masayarakat Minang di Kecamatan Rajabasa Kota Bandar Lampung) FKIP Unila Jalan Prof. Dr. Soemantri",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 473,
"width": 173,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Brojonegoro No. 01 Bandar Lampung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 119,
"width": 221,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[8]M. Ridwan Bukhari (Advokasi Dakwah Dalam Budaya Lokal \"Balimau\" Menyambut Bulan Ramadhan Di Padang Sumatera Barat).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 169,
"width": 221,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[9]Nabila Zahra Hafizhah, Mandi Balimau (Tradisi Pensucian Diri Di Minangkabau) https://www.pinhome.id/blog/mandi- balimau-tradisi-pensucian-diri-di- minangkabau/.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 233,
"width": 224,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[10]Nadia Nasmita Ramadan, Mahasiswi Jurusan Sastra Minangkabau Fakultas Ilmu Budaya (FIB) Universitas Andalas (Unand). Tradisi Mandi Balimau di Minangkabau. [11]Novie Fauziah, Jurnalis - Mandi Balimau, Tradisi Pembersihan Diri Sambut Ramadan yang Tuai Kontroversi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 321,
"width": 221,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[12]Oktavia Rizki Fadila Jurusan : Sastra Minangkabau Universitas Andalas (Tradisi Mandi Balimau Di Minangkabau).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 359,
"width": 221,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[13]Switzy Sabandar, Liputan6.com, Padang - Mandi Balimau:Tradisi Sambut Ramadan Masyarakat Minangkabau yang Sempat Tuai Kontroversi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 410,
"width": 221,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[14]Zainal Abidin (Tradisi Mandi Balimau dalam Menyambut Bulan Suci Ramadan di SumatraBarat)https://www.kompasiana.co m/amp/zainalabidin1453/6250fa673794d1 113f000ed3/tradisi-mandi-balimau-dalam- menyambut-bulan-suci-ramadan-di- sumatra-barat",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
81063baa-b903-f9a3-dce9-bc9317939077 | https://jurnal.umsb.ac.id/index.php/RANGTEKNIKJOURNAL/article/download/3223/2537 | [
{
"left": 72,
"top": 40,
"width": 111,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 5 No.2 Juni 2022",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 40,
"width": 153,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rang Teknik Journal",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 53,
"width": 321,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://jurnal.umsb.ac.id/index.php/RANGTEKNIKJOURNAL",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 781,
"width": 77,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2599-2081",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 781,
"width": 281,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fakultas Teknik UMSB EISSN 2599-2090",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 489,
"top": 780,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "295",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 190,
"top": 79,
"width": 218,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis Line Balancing Untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Lintasan Produksi Perakitan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 115,
"width": 282,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Meldia Fitri 1 , Muhammad Ilham Adelino 2* , M. Lutfi Apuri 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 127,
"width": 250,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Putra Indonesia YPTK 1,2,3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 248,
"top": 142,
"width": 99,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "corresponding author*",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 153,
"width": 419,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "email: [email protected] 1 , [email protected] 2 , [email protected] 3 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31869/rtj.v5i2.3223",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 193,
"width": 454,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract : Ketidakseimbangan lintasan kerja pada proses produksi kursi makan di FFF perabot yang diakibatkan oleh beberapa faktor diantaranya kondisi operator, jumlah stasiun kerja dan waktu operasi dan istirahat yang lama. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperbaiki dan meningkatkan efisiensi lintasan pada proses produksi perakitan kursi makan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode line balancing yaitu Region Approach dan Rank Position Weight dengan melakukan perbandingan efisiensi lintasan sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan metode line balancing. Dari penelitian diperoleh hasil perhitungan line balancing berdasarkan metode Region Approach efisiensi lintasan adalah sebesar 91 % dan Balance delay 9 % dan metode Rank Position Weight menghasilkan efisiensi lintasan sebesar 90 % dan balance delay 10%. Kedua metode ini dapat digunakan untuk peningkatan efisiensi lintasan karena efisiensi kedua lintasan tidak memiliki nilai terlalu jauh. Usulan perbaikan dalam jumlah pembagian stasiun kerja dapat dikurangi menjadi 4 stasiun kerja, dimana sebelumnya mencapai 6 stasiun kerja. Efisiensi lintasan dapat ditingkatkan sebesar 23% menggunakan metode Region Approach dan sebesar 22% menggunakan Rank Position Weight.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 383,
"width": 390,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Line Balancing, Region Approach, Rank Position Weight, Efisiensi Lintasan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 408,
"width": 91,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 421,
"width": 211,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Efisiensi proses produksi dapat menjadi nilai tambah bagi perusahaan dan konsumen, sehingga meningkatnya daya saing (Yusuf & Kamil, 2019). Cara meningkatkan efisiensi proses produksi adalah memperhatikan keseimbangan lintasan produksi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 496,
"width": 210,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keseimbangan lintasan merupakan hal yang penting untuk dapat menjamin kegiatan produksi pada suatu manufaktur dapat berjalan dengan baik (Hapid & Supriyadi, 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 547,
"width": 210,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "FFF Perabot adalah salah satu industri kecil menengah yang bergerak dibidang produksi barang-barang furniture rumah tangga. Salah satu produk perusahaan ini adalah lemari, meja, jendela dan kursi. Proses produksi ini dilakukan berdasarkan pemesanan atau make to order. Terkait dengan proses produksi perakitan yang dilakukan FFF Perabot, permasalahan yang sering terjadi adalah waktu operasi yang terlalu lama pada stasiun kerja yang ada pada produksi perakitan kursi makan. Masalah tersebut mengakibatkan ketidakseimbangan pada lintasan produksi pada produksi perakitan kursi makan, sehingga waktu pada produksi perakitan kursi makan menjadi lama dan kadang target produksi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 408,
"width": 210,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "perakitan untuk suatu permintaan kadang tidak tercapai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 439,
"width": 210,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode Ranked Position Weight (RPW) dapat meningkatkan efisiensi kerja lintasan sebesar 18,77% dan mengurangi waktu delay 18,77% (Djunaidi & Angga, 2017),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 490,
"width": 210,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "meningkatkan efisiensi sebesar 28,2% dan menurunkan delay sebesar 28,2%",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 515,
"width": 210,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Ekoanindiyo & Helmy, 2017), dan mengurangi operator dengan memperkecil jumlah stasiun kerja sebesar 2 stasiun kerja, dari 8 stasiun kerja menjadi 6 stasiun kerja (Azwir & Pratomo, 2017). Metode RPW dapat pula menunjukkan operator ideal untuk produksi daur ulang menjadi 4 operator, yang sebelumnya dengan 6 operator (Hapid & Supriyadi, 2021).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 629,
"width": 210,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode region approach dapat meningkatkan tingkat efisiensi pada lintasan produksi sebesar 80,48% dengan balance delay sebesar 19,52% (Basuki et al., 2019), dan perbandingan dengan 2 mesin produksi pada pabrik penggilingan dapat meningkat sebesar 23,46% (Masruri et al., 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 717,
"width": 210,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdahulu tersebut, penelitian ini menggabungkan dan membandingkan kedua metode tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 40,
"width": 111,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 5 No.2 Juni 2022",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 40,
"width": 153,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rang Teknik Journal",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 53,
"width": 321,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://jurnal.umsb.ac.id/index.php/RANGTEKNIKJOURNAL",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 781,
"width": 77,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2599-2081",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 781,
"width": 281,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fakultas Teknik UMSB EISSN 2599-2090",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 489,
"top": 780,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "296",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 79,
"width": 211,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "efektifitas yang dapat dicapai pada keseimbangan lintasan menggunakan Region Approach dan Ranked Position Weight. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam peningkatan keseimbangan lintasan pada skala industry kecil dan menengan (IKM).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 186,
"width": 102,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "TINJAUAN UMUM",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 199,
"width": 211,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Line balancing atau keseimbangan lintasan adalah serangkaian stasiun kerja (mesin dan perlatan) yang digunakan untuk pembuatan produk. Line balancing biasanya terdiri dari sejumlah area kerja yang dinamakan stasiun kerja yang ditangani seorang atau lebih operator dan ada kemungkinan ditangani dengan bermacam- macam alat (Fata et al., 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 313,
"width": 211,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Waktu tunggu dan waktu operasi yang terlalu lama pada sebagian stasiun kerja produksi perakitan kursi makan, mengakibatkan ketidakseimbangan pada lintasan produksi, sehingga waktu proses produksi perakitan kursi makan menjadi lama. (Assuri, 2016)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 401,
"width": 210,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode heuristik didasarkan pada aturan yang logis dalam pemecahan masalah, pemecahan masalah lebih cepat dan dirancang untuk menghasilkan strategi yang lebih baik (Basuki et al., 2019). Metode yang tepat juga yang paling nyata kemungkinan untuk direalisasikan dan diaplikasikan kedalam permasalahan nyata (Anisya, 2020). Metode heuristik yang dipakai ada dua yaitu, metode Region Approach dan Rank Position",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 528,
"width": 210,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Weight karena metode memiliki hasil yang akurat, metode tersebut juga dianggap paling sesuai untuk membandingkan kondisis awal dengan kondisi setelah perencanaan metode line balancing, untuk mendapatkan keseimbangan lintasan yang paling optimal. (Basuki et al., 2017)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 616,
"width": 210,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode Region Approach merupakan salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk menyeimbangkan lintasan dengan cara menentukan waktu siklus dengan cara trial factor dari total elemen kerja yang ada. Sesuai dengan namanya metode ini dikembangkan oleh kilbridge dan wester ( Masruri et al. 2016) .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 717,
"width": 211,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode Helgelson-Birnie / Ranked Positional Weight",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 180,
"top": 730,
"width": 103,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dikembangkan oleh",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 743,
"width": 210,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "W.B.Helgeson dan D.P.Birnie. Metode ini lebih dikenal dengan Ranked Positional",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 79,
"width": 210,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Weight system atau system RPW (Amalia et al., 2021)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 104,
"width": 210,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keseimbangan lintasan adalah upaya untuk meminimumkan ketidakseimbangan diantara mesin-mesin atau personil untuk mendapatkan waktu yang sama disetiap stasiun kerja sesuai dengan kecepatan produksi yang diingankan. Secara teknik keseimbangan lintasan dilakukan dengan jalan mendistribusikan setiap elemen kerja ke stasiun kerja dengan acuan waktu siklus/ cycle time (CT) (Djunaidi & Angga, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 231,
"width": 210,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kriteria umum keseimbangan lintasan produksi adalah memaksimumkan efisiensi atau memimumkan balance delay . Tujuan utama menyusun line balancing adalah untuk membentuk dan menyeimbangkan beban kerja yang dialokasikan pada tiap stasiun kerja. Line Balancing merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam menjalankan produksi. Manfaat line balancing adalah (Baroto, 2002):",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 345,
"width": 207,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Meningkatkan efisiensi proses (improve process efficiency).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 370,
"width": 207,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Menghindari waktu pada proses atau stasiun yang menganggur (reduce idle time ).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 408,
"width": 207,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Mengurangi waktu proses secara keseluruhan ( reduce total processing time ).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 446,
"width": 207,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Meningkatkan rasio pencapaian target produksi ( Increase production rate ).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 471,
"width": 189,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Meningkatkan profit ( increase profit ).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 484,
"width": 207,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. Mengurangi pemborosan dan biaya-biaya yang tidak diperlukan ( Reduce waste and unnecessary cost ).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 534,
"width": 210,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lintasan yang baik apabila meperhatikan hal berikut (Baroto, 2002).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 560,
"width": 207,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Pemerataan distribusi kerja yang seimbang di setiap stasiun kerja yang terdapat di dalam suatu lintasan produksi fabrikasi atau suatu lintasan perakitan yang bersifat manual.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 623,
"width": 207,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Pergerakan aliran benda kerja yang kontinyu pada kecepatan yang seragam.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 648,
"width": 207,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Arah aliran material harus tetap sehingga memperkecil daerah penyebaran dan mencegah timbulnya atau setidak- tidaknya mengurangi waktu menunggu karena keterlambatan benda kerja.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 711,
"width": 207,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Produksi yang kontinu guna menghindari adanya penumpukan benda kerja di lain tempat sehingga diperlukan aliran benda",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 40,
"width": 111,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 5 No.2 Juni 2022",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 40,
"width": 153,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rang Teknik Journal",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 53,
"width": 321,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://jurnal.umsb.ac.id/index.php/RANGTEKNIKJOURNAL",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 781,
"width": 77,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2599-2081",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 781,
"width": 281,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fakultas Teknik UMSB EISSN 2599-2090",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 489,
"top": 780,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "297",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 79,
"width": 189,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kerja pada lintasan produksi secara kontinu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 123,
"width": 123,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 136,
"width": 210,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian kuantitatif. Tempat penelitian adalah FFF Perabot Sungai Penuh, Kota Sungai Penuh Provinsi Jambi. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer menggunakan stopwatch yakni data waktu siklus dari tanggal 18 sampai 23 Juni 2020 per stasiun kerja pada produksi perakitan kursi makan, serta data sekunder berupa data produksi dan permintaan kursi makan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 262,
"width": 145,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 275,
"width": 74,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Waktu Baku",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 287,
"width": 210,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setelah diperoleh waktu siklus melalui pengukuran waktu menggunakan stopwatch, maka dapat dicari waktu normal dengan menambahkan faktor penyesuaian kemudian dilanjutkan dengan waktu baku dengan menambahkan faktor kelonggaran seperti disajikan pada tabel berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 376,
"width": 199,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Waktu Baku Produksi Kursi Makan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 389,
"width": 193,
"height": 369,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "N o SK No Op eras i Elemen Pekerjaan W B 1 Pengukura n 1 Pengukuran kaki depan 216 2 Pengukuran kaki belakang 227 3 Pengukuran Putting 208 4 Pengukuran Sandaran 197 2 Pemotonga n Awal 5 Pemotonga n kaki depan 284 6 Pemotonga n kaki belakang 320 7 Pemotonga n untuk putting 330 8 pemotonga n sandaran 303 3 Pembuatan Pola 9 Pembuatan Pola Kaki depan 252 10 Pembuatan 204",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 80,
"width": 203,
"height": 525,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pola Kaki belakang 11 Pembuatan Pola Putting 184 12 Pembuatan Pola Sandaran 163 4 Pemotongan Lanjutan 13 Pemotonga n kaki depan 329 14 Pemotonga n kaki belakang 268 15 Pemotonga n putting 243 16 Pemotonga n Sandaran 295 No SK No Opera si Elemen Pekerjaan W B 5 Perakita n 17 Perakitan Komponen A3,A6,dan A9 86 8 18 Perakitan Komponen B3 dengan A10 92 7 19 Perakitan Komponen C1 dengan Q1 51 8 6 Finishin g 20 Pengamplas an 60 6 21 Pendempula n 64 2 22 Pewarnaan 79 7 Sumber: Pengolahan data",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 620,
"width": 81,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Line Balancing",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 633,
"width": 210,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setelah diperoleh waktu baku, dilanjutkan mencari line balancing seperti disajikan pada tabel berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 671,
"width": 210,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2. Efisiensi lintasan sebelum menggunakan metode",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 697,
"width": 201,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "N o Stasiun No Op era si Elemen Pekerjaan D L E 1 Pengukura 1 Pengukura 3 6",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 40,
"width": 111,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 5 No.2 Juni 2022",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 40,
"width": 153,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rang Teknik Journal",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 53,
"width": 321,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://jurnal.umsb.ac.id/index.php/RANGTEKNIKJOURNAL",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 781,
"width": 77,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2599-2081",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 781,
"width": 281,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fakultas Teknik UMSB EISSN 2599-2090",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 489,
"top": 780,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "298",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 80,
"width": 160,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "n n kaki depan 2 % 8 %",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 106,
"width": 158,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 Pengukura n kaki belakang 3 Pengukura n Putting 4 Pengukura n Sandaran 2 Pemotonga n Awal",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 158,
"top": 200,
"width": 67,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5 Pemotong an kaki depan",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 158,
"top": 239,
"width": 67,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6 Pemotong an kaki belakang",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 279,
"width": 157,
"height": 208,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7 Pemotong an untuk putting 8 pemotonga n sandaran 3 Pembuatan Pola 9 Pembuatan Pola Kaki depan 10 Pembuatan Pola Kaki belakang 11 Pembuatan Pola Putting 12 Pembuatan Pola",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 490,
"width": 153,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sandaran 4 Pemotonga n Lanjutan 13 Pemotong an kaki depan 14 Pemotong an kaki belakang 15 Pemotong an putting",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 610,
"width": 151,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "16 Pemotong an Sandaran 5 Perakitan",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 155,
"top": 649,
"width": 77,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "17 Perakitan Komponen A3,A6,dan A9 18 Perakitan Komponen B3 dengan A10 19 Perakitan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 424,
"top": 80,
"width": 52,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Komponen C3 dengan Q1",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 317,
"top": 119,
"width": 156,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6 Finishing 20 Pengampla san",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 399,
"top": 146,
"width": 76,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "21 Pendempu lan 22 Pewarnaan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 190,
"width": 115,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: pengolahan data",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 215,
"width": 121,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode Region Approach",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 228,
"width": 210,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dilakukan sebanyak trial sebanyak 2 kali seperti tabel di bawah ini Tabel 3. Trial 1 Metode Region Approach SK No Operasi Elemen Pekerjaan D (%) LE (%)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 314,
"width": 206,
"height": 229,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 1 Pengukuran kaki depan 28% 72% 2 Pengukuran kaki belakang 3 Pengukuran Putting 4 Pengukuran Sandaran 5 Pemotongan kaki depan 6 Pemotongan kaki belakang 7 Pemotongan untuk putting",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 356,
"top": 504,
"width": 88,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8 pemotongan sandaran",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 579,
"width": 8,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 353,
"top": 531,
"width": 108,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9 Pembuatan Pola Kaki depan 10 Pembuatan Pola Kaki belakang 11 Pembuatan Pola Putting 12 Pembuatan Pola Sandaran",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 688,
"width": 8,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 641,
"width": 134,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "13 Pemotongan kaki depan 14 Pemotongan kaki belakang 15 Pemotongan putting 16 Pemotongan Sandaran 4 17 Perakitan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 40,
"width": 111,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 5 No.2 Juni 2022",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 40,
"width": 153,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rang Teknik Journal",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 53,
"width": 321,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://jurnal.umsb.ac.id/index.php/RANGTEKNIKJOURNAL",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 781,
"width": 77,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2599-2081",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 781,
"width": 281,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fakultas Teknik UMSB EISSN 2599-2090",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 489,
"top": 780,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "299",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 80,
"width": 207,
"height": 221,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Komponen A3,A6,dan A9 18 Perakitan Komponen B3 dengan A10 19 Perakitan Komponen C1 dengan Q1 5 20 Pengamplasan 21 Pendempulan 22 Pewarnaan Tabel 4. trial 2 Metode Region Approach SK No Operasi Elemen Pekerjaan D (%) LE (%)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 409,
"width": 8,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 112,
"top": 313,
"width": 8,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 112,
"top": 307,
"width": 170,
"height": 234,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengukuran kaki depan 9% 91% 2 Pengukuran kaki belakang 3 Pengukuran Putting 4 Pengukuran Sandaran 5 Pemotongan kaki depan 6 Pemotongan kaki belakang 7 Pemotongan untuk putting 8 pemotongan sandaran",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 531,
"width": 44,
"height": 106,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 9",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 525,
"width": 142,
"height": 241,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembuatan Pola Kaki depan 10 Pembuatan Pola Kaki belakang 11 Pembuatan Pola Putting 12 Pembuatan Pola Sandaran 13 Pemotongan kaki depan 14 Pemotongan kaki belakang 15 Pemotongan putting 16 Pemotongan Sandaran 3 17 Perakitan Komponen",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 80,
"width": 134,
"height": 145,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A3,A6,dan A9 18 Perakitan Komponen B3 dengan A10 19 Perakitan Komponen C1 dengan Q1 4 20 Pengamplasan 21 Pendempulan 22 Pewarnaan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 230,
"width": 120,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber : pengolahan data",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 243,
"width": 210,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setelah melakukan dua trial, maka dipilihlah percobaan ke 2 dengan efisiensi lintasan terbesar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 294,
"width": 210,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode Hegelson-Birnie / Rank Position Weight",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 319,
"width": 208,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 5. Pembebanan Stasiun Kerja SK Pembebanan Operasi Waktu Operasi Stasiun Kerja Efisiensi (%) 1 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 159,5 69,2 2 9,10,11,12,13, 14,15,16 223,9 97,19 3 17,18,19 216,4 93,9 4 20,21,22 229,2 99,46 Efisiensi rata-rata 90 Sumber: pengolahan data",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 499,
"width": 210,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diperoleh efisiensi lintasan sebesar 90% dan balance delay (D) 10%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 537,
"width": 167,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Perbandingan Efisiensi Lintasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 550,
"width": 211,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 6. Perbandingan efisiensi lintasan No Faktor pembanding Sebelum RA RPW",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 592,
"width": 205,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Balance delay 32% 9% 10% 2 Efisiensi Lintasan 68% 91% 90% 3 Jumlah Stasiun 6 4 4",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 652,
"width": 117,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber : pengolahan data",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 664,
"width": 210,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari tabel diatas dapat dilihat bahwa efisiensi lintasan awal 68 % dan setelah dilakukan penerapan efisiensi lintasan dengan metode Region Approach dan Hegelson-Birnie",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 715,
"width": 210,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "/ Rank Position Weight diperolh efisiensi lintasan sebesar 91% dan 90%. Disimpulkan setelah penerapan metode line balancing terdapat peningkatan pada efisiensi lintasan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 40,
"width": 111,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 5 No.2 Juni 2022",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 40,
"width": 153,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rang Teknik Journal",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 53,
"width": 321,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://jurnal.umsb.ac.id/index.php/RANGTEKNIKJOURNAL",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 781,
"width": 77,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2599-2081",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 781,
"width": 281,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fakultas Teknik UMSB EISSN 2599-2090",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 489,
"top": 780,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "300",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 92,
"width": 55,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENUTUP",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 107,
"width": 210,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari hasil yang telah didapatkan dari penelitian dan kemudian setelah dianalisa dapat disimpulkan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 145,
"width": 207,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Waktu baku yang diperlukan dalam proses produksi kursi makan pada FFF perabot adalah sebesar 139,67 menit.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 183,
"width": 203,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Efisiensi lintasan dengan metode Region Approach sebesar 91 %, balance delay 9% dan metode Rank Position Weight menghasilkan efisiensi lintasan 90 % dengan Balance delay 10%.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 246,
"width": 204,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Efisiensi lintasan sebelum menggunakan metode line balancing adalah 68%, sehingga diperoleh peningkatan efisiensi lintasan sebesar 23% (dimana efisiensi lintasan metode Rank Position Weight sebesar 91%)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 338,
"width": 104,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 351,
"width": 210,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amalia, A. N., Yudhanegara, D., Gumelar, A.,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 363,
"width": 189,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(2021). Pengukuran Keseimbangan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 376,
"width": 189,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lintasan Produksi Sabuk Kopling Mobil. Industrika: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Industri,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 401,
"width": 74,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5 (1), pp. 25-30.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 414,
"width": 210,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Anisya, A. (2020). Data Mining Dalam",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 427,
"width": 189,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Prediksi Pasokan Kelapa Sawit. Jurnal Rang Teknik, 3 (1), 2020.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 452,
"width": 210,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Assauri, S. (2016). Manajemen Operasi Produksi (Edisi 3). Jakarta: Rajawali Pers. Azwir, H. H., & Pratomo, H. W. (2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 490,
"width": 189,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Implementasi Line Balancing untuk",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 502,
"width": 189,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peningkatan Efisiensi di Line Welding Studi Kasus: PT X. Jurnal Rekayasa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 528,
"width": 149,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sistem Industri , 6 (1), pp. 57-64.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 540,
"width": 211,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Baroto, T. (2002). Perencanaan dan pengendalian Produksi. Jakarta: Ghali Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 578,
"width": 210,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Basuki, M., Hermanto, MZ., Aprilyanti, S., Junaidi, M. (2019). Perancangan Sistem Keseimbangan Lintasan Produksi dengan Pendekatan Metode Heuristik. Jurnal Teknologi, 11 (2), pp. 1-9.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 642,
"width": 210,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Djunaidi, M., & Angga, A. (2017). Analisis Keseimbangan Lintasan (Line Balancing) Pada Proses Perakitan Body Bus Pada Karoseri Guna Meningkatkan Efisiensi Lintasan. Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Industri, 5",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 705,
"width": 66,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(2), pp. 77-84.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 717,
"width": 210,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ekoanindiyo, F. A., & Helmy, L. (2017). Meningkatkan Efisiensi Lintasan Kerja",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 743,
"width": 115,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menggunakan Metode",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 222,
"top": 743,
"width": 61,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "RPW Dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 755,
"width": 189,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Killbridge-Western. Dinamika Teknik, 10",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 337,
"top": 79,
"width": 66,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(1), pp. 16-26.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 92,
"width": 210,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fata, A. F. I., Widarman, A., Yudha, H. S.,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 337,
"top": 104,
"width": 189,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(2021). Analisis Keseimbangan Lintasan Produksi Assembly Battery Motorcycle Fb5l-B Menggunakan Metode Ranked Positional Weight. Jurnal Teknologika, 11 (1), pp. 1-12.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 168,
"width": 210,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hapid, Y., Supriyadi, S. (2021). Optimalisasi Keseimbangan Lintasan Produksi Daur Ulang Plastik Dengan Pendekatan Ranked Positional Weight, 7 (1). Jurnal INTECH, pp. 63-70.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 231,
"width": 210,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Masruri, M., Irnanda, I., Baswork, B. (2016). Analisis Nilai Efiiensi Pada Proses Produksi Dengan Metode Kilbridge- Wester di Pabrik Penggilingan Padi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 337,
"top": 281,
"width": 118,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Integrasi, 1 (2), pp. 29-35.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 294,
"width": 210,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yusuf, N., & Kamil, A. (2019). Perancangan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 337,
"top": 307,
"width": 189,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Alat Bantu Mesin Bubut Untuk Menaikkan Gaya Cekam. Jurnal Rang Teknik, 2 (1), pp. 93-100.",
"type": "Table"
}
] |
d8aafe32-4617-8397-b511-cfdccbcdf5aa | https://jurnaliainpontianak.or.id/index.php/alhikmah/article/download/2715/1330 | [
{
"left": 277,
"top": 789,
"width": 42,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "~ 61 ~",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 123,
"width": 433,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KOMUNIKASI PERSUASIF ARGUMENTATIF PERSPEKTIF AL-QURAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 137,
"width": 321,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Studi Terhadap Dialog Ibrahim dengan Penganut Paganisme)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 244,
"top": 165,
"width": 107,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ahmad Rizali Fahmi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 178,
"width": 283,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 209,
"top": 191,
"width": 178,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-mail: [email protected]",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 215,
"width": 141,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diterima tanggal: 18 Januari 2023",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 404,
"top": 215,
"width": 119,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selesai tanggal: 10 Juni 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 263,
"top": 229,
"width": 69,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT:",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 242,
"width": 454,
"height": 175,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The success of da'wah is directly proportional to the success of the applied communication. One form of Islam's great concern for communication is that Islam provides an explanation of its rules and ethics. One of the successes of the preaching of the prophets was by applying communication that is persuasive and seducing known as persuasive, but it also applies communication that shows a series of facts and evidence in such a way that is called argumentation ability so that it is called persuasive argumentative communication. Among the argumentative persuasive communications contained in the Qur'an is the dialogue between the Prophet Abraham and adherents of paganism. In this dialogue, there are arguments about the true nature of God that must be worshiped and glorified. Argumentative persuasive communication provides a solution for a preacher who is a communicator in packaging his communication so that the object of his da'wah follows what is conveyed regarding his da'wah. By using persuasive communication techniques that emphasize the psychological and sociological functions contained in the communicant and with argumentation techniques that optimize the function of dialogue wisely with the interlocutor, it will make the da'wah message conveyed able to change the views, attitudes and behavior of the da'wah object or the communicant.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 432,
"width": 454,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[Keberhasilan dakwah berbanding lurus dengan keberhasilan komunikasi yang diterapkan. Salah satu bentuk perhatian besar Islam terhadap komunikasi adalah Islam memberikan penjelasan tentang kaidah dan etikanya. Salah satu keberhasilan dakwah para nabi adalah dengan menerapkan komunikasi yang bersifat membujuk megajak dan merayu yang dikenal dengan istilah persuasif, selain itu juga menerapkan komunikasi yang bersifat menunjukkan serangkaian fakta dan bukti sedemikian rupa yang disebut dengan kemampuan argumentasi sehingga disebut komunikasi persuasive argumentatif. Diantara komunikasi persuasif argumentatif yang terdapat dalam Al- Qur’an adalah pada dialog antara Nabi Ibrahim dan para penganut paganisme. Dalam dialog tersebut, terjadi adu argumentasi tentang hakikat Tuhan sebenarnya yang harus disembah dan diagungkan. Komunikasi persuasif argumentatif memberikan solusi bagi seorang juru dakwah yang merupakan komunikator dalam mengemas komunikasinya agar membuat objek dakwahnya mengikuti apa ang disampaikan terkait dakwahnya. Dengan menggunakan teknik komunikasi persuasif yang menitikberatkan fungsi psikologis maupun sosiologis yang terdapat dalam diri komunikan dan dengan tenik argumentasi yang mengoptimalkan fungsi berdialog dengan bijak kepada lawan bicara maka akan membuat pesan dakwah yang disampaikan mampu merubah pandangan, sikap dan tingkah laku objek dakwah atau komunikan].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 628,
"width": 321,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci :Komunikasi, Persuasif, Argumenataif, Dialog dan Alquran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 665,
"width": 93,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 681,
"width": 209,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Islam merupakan agama dakwah. Agama Islam dapat tersebar diseluruh penjuru dunia dengan menerapkan dakwah sebagai titik tumpu dalam menyebar- luaskan ajarannya. Pengertian dakwah adalah usaha untuk mengajak mad’u agar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 665,
"width": 209,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "meyakini, mengimani dan mengamalkan ajaran Agama Islam. Dakwah dalam praktisnya sangat terikat dan terkoneksi dengan proses komunikasi, dimana seorang dai sebagai komunikator dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 789,
"width": 42,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "~ 61 ~",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 123,
"width": 433,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KOMUNIKASI PERSUASIF ARGUMENTATIF PERSPEKTIF AL-QURAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 137,
"width": 321,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Studi Terhadap Dialog Ibrahim dengan Penganut Paganisme)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 244,
"top": 165,
"width": 107,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ahmad Rizali Fahmi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 178,
"width": 283,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 209,
"top": 191,
"width": 178,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-mail: [email protected]",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 215,
"width": 141,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diterima tanggal: 18 Januari 2023",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 404,
"top": 215,
"width": 119,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selesai tanggal: 10 Juni 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 263,
"top": 229,
"width": 69,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT:",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 242,
"width": 454,
"height": 175,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The success of da'wah is directly proportional to the success of the applied communication. One form of Islam's great concern for communication is that Islam provides an explanation of its rules and ethics. One of the successes of the preaching of the prophets was by applying communication that is persuasive and seducing known as persuasive, but it also applies communication that shows a series of facts and evidence in such a way that is called argumentation ability so that it is called persuasive argumentative communication. Among the argumentative persuasive communications contained in the Qur'an is the dialogue between the Prophet Abraham and adherents of paganism. In this dialogue, there are arguments about the true nature of God that must be worshiped and glorified. Argumentative persuasive communication provides a solution for a preacher who is a communicator in packaging his communication so that the object of his da'wah follows what is conveyed regarding his da'wah. By using persuasive communication techniques that emphasize the psychological and sociological functions contained in the communicant and with argumentation techniques that optimize the function of dialogue wisely with the interlocutor, it will make the da'wah message conveyed able to change the views, attitudes and behavior of the da'wah object or the communicant.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 432,
"width": 454,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[Keberhasilan dakwah berbanding lurus dengan keberhasilan komunikasi yang diterapkan. Salah satu bentuk perhatian besar Islam terhadap komunikasi adalah Islam memberikan penjelasan tentang kaidah dan etikanya. Salah satu keberhasilan dakwah para nabi adalah dengan menerapkan komunikasi yang bersifat membujuk megajak dan merayu yang dikenal dengan istilah persuasif, selain itu juga menerapkan komunikasi yang bersifat menunjukkan serangkaian fakta dan bukti sedemikian rupa yang disebut dengan kemampuan argumentasi sehingga disebut komunikasi persuasive argumentatif. Diantara komunikasi persuasif argumentatif yang terdapat dalam Al- Qur’an adalah pada dialog antara Nabi Ibrahim dan para penganut paganisme. Dalam dialog tersebut, terjadi adu argumentasi tentang hakikat Tuhan sebenarnya yang harus disembah dan diagungkan. Komunikasi persuasif argumentatif memberikan solusi bagi seorang juru dakwah yang merupakan komunikator dalam mengemas komunikasinya agar membuat objek dakwahnya mengikuti apa ang disampaikan terkait dakwahnya. Dengan menggunakan teknik komunikasi persuasif yang menitikberatkan fungsi psikologis maupun sosiologis yang terdapat dalam diri komunikan dan dengan tenik argumentasi yang mengoptimalkan fungsi berdialog dengan bijak kepada lawan bicara maka akan membuat pesan dakwah yang disampaikan mampu merubah pandangan, sikap dan tingkah laku objek dakwah atau komunikan].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 628,
"width": 321,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci :Komunikasi, Persuasif, Argumenataif, Dialog dan Alquran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 665,
"width": 93,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 681,
"width": 209,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Islam merupakan agama dakwah. Agama Islam dapat tersebar diseluruh penjuru dunia dengan menerapkan dakwah sebagai titik tumpu dalam menyebar- luaskan ajarannya. Pengertian dakwah adalah usaha untuk mengajak mad’u agar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 665,
"width": 209,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "meyakini, mengimani dan mengamalkan ajaran Agama Islam. Dakwah dalam praktisnya sangat terikat dan terkoneksi dengan proses komunikasi, dimana seorang dai sebagai komunikator dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 789,
"width": 42,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "~ 61 ~",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 123,
"width": 433,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KOMUNIKASI PERSUASIF ARGUMENTATIF PERSPEKTIF AL-QURAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 137,
"width": 321,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Studi Terhadap Dialog Ibrahim dengan Penganut Paganisme)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 244,
"top": 165,
"width": 107,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ahmad Rizali Fahmi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 178,
"width": 283,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 209,
"top": 191,
"width": 178,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-mail: [email protected]",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 215,
"width": 141,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diterima tanggal: 18 Januari 2023",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 404,
"top": 215,
"width": 119,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selesai tanggal: 10 Juni 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 263,
"top": 229,
"width": 69,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT:",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 242,
"width": 454,
"height": 175,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The success of da'wah is directly proportional to the success of the applied communication. One form of Islam's great concern for communication is that Islam provides an explanation of its rules and ethics. One of the successes of the preaching of the prophets was by applying communication that is persuasive and seducing known as persuasive, but it also applies communication that shows a series of facts and evidence in such a way that is called argumentation ability so that it is called persuasive argumentative communication. Among the argumentative persuasive communications contained in the Qur'an is the dialogue between the Prophet Abraham and adherents of paganism. In this dialogue, there are arguments about the true nature of God that must be worshiped and glorified. Argumentative persuasive communication provides a solution for a preacher who is a communicator in packaging his communication so that the object of his da'wah follows what is conveyed regarding his da'wah. By using persuasive communication techniques that emphasize the psychological and sociological functions contained in the communicant and with argumentation techniques that optimize the function of dialogue wisely with the interlocutor, it will make the da'wah message conveyed able to change the views, attitudes and behavior of the da'wah object or the communicant.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 432,
"width": 454,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[Keberhasilan dakwah berbanding lurus dengan keberhasilan komunikasi yang diterapkan. Salah satu bentuk perhatian besar Islam terhadap komunikasi adalah Islam memberikan penjelasan tentang kaidah dan etikanya. Salah satu keberhasilan dakwah para nabi adalah dengan menerapkan komunikasi yang bersifat membujuk megajak dan merayu yang dikenal dengan istilah persuasif, selain itu juga menerapkan komunikasi yang bersifat menunjukkan serangkaian fakta dan bukti sedemikian rupa yang disebut dengan kemampuan argumentasi sehingga disebut komunikasi persuasive argumentatif. Diantara komunikasi persuasif argumentatif yang terdapat dalam Al- Qur’an adalah pada dialog antara Nabi Ibrahim dan para penganut paganisme. Dalam dialog tersebut, terjadi adu argumentasi tentang hakikat Tuhan sebenarnya yang harus disembah dan diagungkan. Komunikasi persuasif argumentatif memberikan solusi bagi seorang juru dakwah yang merupakan komunikator dalam mengemas komunikasinya agar membuat objek dakwahnya mengikuti apa ang disampaikan terkait dakwahnya. Dengan menggunakan teknik komunikasi persuasif yang menitikberatkan fungsi psikologis maupun sosiologis yang terdapat dalam diri komunikan dan dengan tenik argumentasi yang mengoptimalkan fungsi berdialog dengan bijak kepada lawan bicara maka akan membuat pesan dakwah yang disampaikan mampu merubah pandangan, sikap dan tingkah laku objek dakwah atau komunikan].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 628,
"width": 321,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci :Komunikasi, Persuasif, Argumenataif, Dialog dan Alquran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 665,
"width": 93,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 681,
"width": 209,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Islam merupakan agama dakwah. Agama Islam dapat tersebar diseluruh penjuru dunia dengan menerapkan dakwah sebagai titik tumpu dalam menyebar- luaskan ajarannya. Pengertian dakwah adalah usaha untuk mengajak mad’u agar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 665,
"width": 209,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "meyakini, mengimani dan mengamalkan ajaran Agama Islam. Dakwah dalam praktisnya sangat terikat dan terkoneksi dengan proses komunikasi, dimana seorang dai sebagai komunikator dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 179,
"top": 36,
"width": 237,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AL-HIKMAH: Jurnal Dakwah, Volume 17, Nomor 1, Tahun 2023 [P.61-74]",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 48,
"width": 373,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat & Fakultas Ushuluddin, Adab dan Dakwah (FUAD) IAIN Pontianak Jl. Letjen. Soeprapto, No. 19 Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat 78121 Phone: (0561) 734170 Mobile: 085741561121",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 789,
"width": 42,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "~ 62 ~",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 84,
"width": 209,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mad’u sebagai komunikan. 1 komunikasi dalam dakwah dapat dikatakan berhasil apabila mad’u dapat bertindak sesuai yang dikehendaki da’i yaitu mengak tualiasikan perintah Allah dan meninggalkan larangan- Nya. 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 182,
"width": 209,
"height": 296,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keberhasilan dakwah berbanding lurus dengan keberhasilan komunikasi yang diterapkan. Salah satu bentuk perhatian besar Islam terhadap komunikasi adalah Islam memberikan penjelasan tentang kaidah dan etikanya. Terdapat banyak redaksi kalimat dalam Alquran yang berkaitan dengan komunikasi. Terdapat kurang lebih 120 sikap komunikasi dengan menggunakan sekitar seribu ayat Al-Qur`an, atau sekitar seperenam dari kandungannya. Al- Qur’an menyebut term qala dan berbagai macam derivasinya; qala, yaqulu, qul, yaquluna, untuk menunjukkan beberapa bentuk komunikasi. Selain itu, redaksi komunikasi dalam Al- Qur’an juga dapat ditemukan dengan beberapa term, seperti al-hiwar, al- jadal, al-mira dan al-mahajjah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 483,
"width": 209,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hal ini, dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa Islam adalah agama komunikasi. 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 531,
"width": 209,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kemampuan seseorang dapat berkomunikasi dengan baik merupakan keistimewaan yang diberikan Allah kepadanya. 4 Salah satu kemampuan yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 610,
"width": 208,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Wahyu ilahi, Komunikasi Dakwah (Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakrya, 2010), h.24",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 633,
"width": 209,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 Nurhidayat Muh. Said, “Metode Dakwah: Studi AlQur’an Surah An - Nahl ayat 125”, Jurnal Dakwah Tablighi Vol. 16, No. 1, Juni 2015, h.78",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 668,
"width": 180,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3 Muhammad Hanafi, Moderasi Islam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 681,
"width": 209,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menangkal Radikalisasi berbasis Agama (Ciputat: Ikatan Alumni al-Azhar dan Pusat Studi Al- Qur’an, t.t), h. 87.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 714,
"width": 209,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4 Afrizal El Adzim Syahputra, “Proses Berpikir Nabi Ibrahim as. Melalui Dialog dengan Tuhan dalam Al-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 750,
"width": 208,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Qur’an,” Jurnal Hermeneutik: Jurnal Ilmu Al- Qur’an dan Tafsir, Vol. 14, No. 1, h. 167.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 87,
"width": 209,
"height": 265,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dimiliki oleh para nabi adalah berkomunikasi dengan baik. Berkomunikasi dengan cara yang tepat memudahkan mereka untuk menjalin hubungan yang harmonis dengan kaumnya serta memudahkan mereka untuk melakukan dakwah di tengah perbedaan sifat dan karakter dari masing – masing kaum. Salah satu keberhasilan dakwah para nabi adalah dengan menerapkan komunikasi yang bersifat membujuk megajak dan merayu yang dikenal dengan istilah persuasif, 5 Selain itu juga menerapkan komunikasi yang bersifat menunjukkan serangkaian fakta dan bukti sedemikian rupa yang disebut dengan kemampuan argumentasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 356,
"width": 209,
"height": 249,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Semakin banyak fakta disajikan, semakin kuat pula pembuktian paham yang disampaikan oleh da’i dan cara menyajikan fakta secara terstruktur memerlukan teknik, oleh karena itu menjadi penting bagi da’i maupun da’iyah memiliki pengetahuan teknik-teknik argumentasi sebagai salah satu cara penyampaian pesan dakwah yang baik. 6 Diantara komunikasi persuasif argumentatif yang terdapat dalam Al- Qur’an adalah pada dialog antara Nabi Ibrahim dan para penganut paganisme. Dalam dialog tersebut, terjadi adu argumentasi tentang hakikat Tuhan sebenarnya yang harus disembah dan diagungkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 679,
"width": 209,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5 Soemirat, Soleh dan Elvino Ardianto. Dasar-dasar Public Relations. (Bandung : PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 2017).h.7.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 714,
"width": 209,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6 Soufi Wiranti, Mawehda. “Teknik Argumentasi Husein Ja’far Al -Hadar Dalam Diskusi Ketaatan Pada Orang Tua Bersama Tretan Muslim”. Jurnal Pemikiran dan Kebudayaan Islam Vol. 30 No. 2 Juli 2021.h.136.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 251,
"top": 38,
"width": 93,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ahmad Rizali Fahmi:",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 50,
"width": 302,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KOMUNIKASI PERSUASIF ARGUMENTATIF PERSPEKTIF AL-QURAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 171,
"top": 61,
"width": 253,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Studi Terhadap Dialog Ibrahim dengan Penganut Paganisme)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 789,
"width": 42,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "~ 63 ~",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 85,
"width": 131,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 101,
"width": 209,
"height": 217,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam pembahasan ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Pende- katan yang digunakan adalah dengan pendekatan tafsir tematik Al- Qur’an. Yang dimaksud dengan tafsir tematik/ maudhu’i adalah bentuk penafsiran dengan mengumpulkan ayat ayat Al-quran yang bertujuan sama ; sama-sama membahas satu topik, kemudian disusun berdasarkan waktu turunnya ayat dan memperhatikan latar belakang turunnya ayat, selanjutnya diberi komentar, penjelasan, dan uraian dalam berbagai pokok kandungan ayat. 7",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 323,
"width": 209,
"height": 360,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tafsir tematik yang digunakan para mufassir dan peneliti bertujuan untuk memahami ayat-ayat yang terkait dalam satu topik yang sama dan mencari sinonim pengertian kosa kata yang berhubungan dengan topik yang dibahas. Penyusunan ayat -ayat alquran yang tersistematis sesuai urutan waktu turunnya disertai dengan memaham latar belakang turunnya suatu ayat yang akan menghasilkan pemahaman lebih komperehensif. Memahami suatu ayat Alquran secara tekstual dengan mengenyampingkan pengetahuan waktu dan sebab turunnya ayat dapat menghasilkan pemahaman yang kaku. Pengetahuan seperti ini tidak bisa diabaikan begitu saja oleh para pakar komunikasi dan juga peneliti yang ingin menjelaskan makna Alquran yang berkaitan dengan teori komununikasi agar dalam memahami kandungan ayat Alquran yag dibahas tidak keliru dan menghasilkan pemahaman yang tepat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 688,
"width": 209,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kajian ini berfokus pada topik komunikasi persuasif argumentatif antara",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 737,
"width": 209,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7 ‘Abd. Al -Hay Al-Farmawii, Metode TafsirMawdhu'i",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 153,
"top": 750,
"width": 127,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Jakarta: Raja Grafindo",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 762,
"width": 85,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Persada,1996), h. 52.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 85,
"width": 209,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dialog Nabi Ibrahim dan Raja Namrud. Topik ini diabadikan dalam Alquran dalam surah al Anbiya ayat 51 sampai ayat 67. Dalam tahapan pengumpulan data, peneliti mengumpulkan beragam informasi tentang komunikasi persuasif argumentatif, analisa terhadap linguistik ayat, dan penafsiran para mufassir dalam surah al Anbiya ayat 51 sampai ayat 67.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 244,
"width": 85,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 259,
"width": 209,
"height": 186,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Komunikasi secara etimologis berasal dari bahasa Latin communicatio yang berakar dari kata communis berarti sama. Sama yang dimaksud adalah sama makna. Komunikasi dalam pengertian ini adalah ketika orang-orang yang terlibat di dalamnya memiliki kesamaan makna terkait suatu hal yang sedang dikomunikasikannya. Dengan kata lain, ketika saling memahami apa yang sedang dikomunikasikan maka hubungan antara mereka bersifat komunikatif. 8",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 450,
"width": 209,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Secara paradigmatik komunikasi merupakan proses penyampaian pesan oleh seseorang kepada orang lain untuk memberi tahu atau untuk mengubah sikap, pendapat, atau perilaku seseorang baik secara langsung dengan lisan atau tidak langsung dengan melalui media. Definisi tersebut mengandung tujuan untuk memberi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 577,
"width": 208,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "tahu (informative communication) atau mengubah sikap",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 608,
"width": 209,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(attitude), pendapat (opinion), atau perilaku (behavior). 9 Dalam rangka mengubah sikap dan pendapat serta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 691,
"width": 209,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8 Zikri Fachrul Nurhadi dan Achmad Wildan Kurniawan, “Kajian Tentang Efektivitas Pesan Dalam Komunikasi”, Jurnal Komunikasi Hasil Pemikiran dan Penelitian, Vol.3, No.1,2017, h.91",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 737,
"width": 209,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9 Onong Uchjana Efendy, Dinamika Komunikasi, Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 2008, h. 5.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 179,
"top": 36,
"width": 237,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AL-HIKMAH: Jurnal Dakwah, Volume 17, Nomor 1, Tahun 2023 [P.61-74]",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 48,
"width": 373,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat & Fakultas Ushuluddin, Adab dan Dakwah (FUAD) IAIN Pontianak Jl. Letjen. Soeprapto, No. 19 Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat 78121 Phone: (0561) 734170 Mobile: 085741561121",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 789,
"width": 42,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "~ 64 ~",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 87,
"width": 209,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "peerilaku lawan bicara maka perlu diketahui komunikasi persuasive.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 118,
"width": 209,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Komunikasi persuasif secara spesifik menurut ringkasan Burgon dan Huffner terhadap beberapa pendapat pakar komunikasi persuasi adalah sebagai berikut; Pertama, proses komunikasi yang memiliki tujuan untuk mempengaruhi pemikiran dan pendapat komunikan agar sesuai dengan pemikiran yang dikehendaki komunikator. Kedua, proses komunikasi yang mengajak dan membujuk komunikan yang bertujuan untuk mengubah keyakinan, sikap dan pendapat selaras dengan keinginan komunikator erta tanpa adanya paksaan. 10",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 341,
"width": 209,
"height": 312,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Seorang komunikator yang baik dituntut untuk mengerti tujuan dan cara menggapai tujuan dari komunikasi yang dilakukan. Terdapat kesamaan dari segi tujuan antara persuasive dan koersi,yaitu dalam rangka mengubah pendapat, sikap, atau perilaku namun dalam penerapan caranya terdapat perbedaan. Persuasi diterapkan dengan cara halus, rapi, luwes, bersifat manusiawi. Sementara koersi dalam penerapannya mengandung sanksi dan ancaman. Efek dari kegiatan koersi memang terjadi perubahan pendapat, sikap dan perilaku tetapi dengan perasaan terpaksa karena ada ancaman yang membuat perasaan menjadi tidak tenang dan senang bahkan rasa benci dan dendam. Berbanding terbalik dengan persuasi yang menghasilkan kesadaran dengan rasa kerelaan serta perasaan tenang dan senang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 658,
"width": 209,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Usaha seorang komunikator agar menghasilkan komunikasi yang maksimal maka harus memperhatikan prinsip-prinsip persuasif. Graves dan Bowman",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 737,
"width": 209,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "10 Herdiyan Maulana, Gumgum Gumelar, Psikologi Komunikasi dan Persuasi ( Jakarta : Akademia Permata 2013),h.7",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 87,
"width": 209,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mengemukakan terdapat beberapa pendekatan yang harus dijalani seorang komunikator persuader yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 134,
"width": 209,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Penyesuaian gagasan yang diberikan dengan sikap komunikan, karena sikap yang dibentuk dengan pendidikan dan pengalaman seorang komunikan memiliki pengaruh kuat dalam menerima pesan persuasive. 2. Persuasi selayaknya mampu menumbuhkan keinginan. Hal ini dikarenakan seorang komunikan selalu cenderung dalam mempercayai apa yang diinginkannya.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 309,
"width": 208,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Persuader selayaknya mampu menumbuhkan perhatian. Komunikan tentu tidak akan mendengarkan atau membaca sesuatu yang bersifat jemu atau jika perhatiannya sedang teralihkan dan tertarik pada hal-hal lain.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 404,
"width": 209,
"height": 154,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Persuader selayaknya mampu memberikan penjelasan dengan sebaik mungkin agar komunikan terhindar dari miss-informed. Komunikan yang miss- informed dan berikap masa bodoh berpeluang berubah menjadi orang yang berprasangka buruk. Dalam pemberian penjelasan dan keterangan yang sifatnya rumit maka selayaknya dengan penjelasan yang sesederhana mungkin.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 563,
"width": 208,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Persuader selayaknya mampu menyajikan kenyataan dan alasan- alasan yang logis untuk memperkuat suatu kesimpulan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 626,
"width": 209,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. Persuader selayaknya pandai dalam menjawab pertanyaan, pernyataan dan penentangan serta penolakan. Pemikiran seorang komunikan yang sudah tertambat pada suatu gagasan atau informasi yang berlawanan dengan persuader akan mengabaikan informasi dan permasalahan yang diberikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 251,
"top": 38,
"width": 93,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ahmad Rizali Fahmi:",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 50,
"width": 302,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KOMUNIKASI PERSUASIF ARGUMENTATIF PERSPEKTIF AL-QURAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 171,
"top": 61,
"width": 253,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Studi Terhadap Dialog Ibrahim dengan Penganut Paganisme)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 789,
"width": 42,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "~ 65 ~",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 85,
"width": 208,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7. Persuader selayakanya mampu memikat hati pihak yang bersifat masa bodoh, ragu, atau bahkan yang menentang sekalipun. 8. Persuader",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 148,
"width": 194,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "selayaknya mampu menggerakkan komunikan untuk bersikap dan bertingkah laku sesuai seperti yang diharapkan. Hal ini terjadi ketika komunikan sudah terpengaruh dan meyakini hal-hal yang diberikan. 11",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 259,
"width": 209,
"height": 345,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sedangkan argumentatif atau argumentasi berdasarkan pengertian dari Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia adalah berkaitan dengan kepandaian seseorang untuk mempengaruhi sikap dan pendapat orang lain. 12 Argumentatif ialah bentuk retorika untuk mempengaruhi pendapat dan sikap komunikan agar percaya dan bertindak sesuai kehendak komunikator dengan memberikan fakta terstruktur dan sistematis sebagai bukti kebenaran pendapatnya. 13 Maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa argumentasi berpijak pada bukti yang berasal dari data dan fakta yang dihubungkan oleh nalar seseorang sehingga menjadi satu kesatuan proposisi. Jadi komunikasi persuasif argumentatif ialah proses komunikasi yang bersifat bujukan dengan tanpa adanya paksaan dan dengan data serta fakta terkait apa yang disampaikan oleh komunikator dan dengan pengunaan bahasa yang baik dan tepat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 608,
"width": 209,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Komunikasi persuasif argumentatif termasuk dalam bahasan teknik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 668,
"width": 209,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "11 Roudhonah, Ilmu Komunikasi, (Depok: Rajawali Pers, 2019), h. 190-191",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 691,
"width": 209,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "12 Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 704,
"width": 209,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "“KBBI Daring”, (https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 227,
"top": 716,
"width": 53,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "entri/metode,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 727,
"width": 113,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "diakses 27 September 2022)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 737,
"width": 209,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "13 Gorys Keraf, Argumentasi dan Narasi (Jakarta: Penerbit PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2001), h.108.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 82,
"width": 209,
"height": 188,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "komunikasi persuasi. 14 Terdapat salah satu teknik dalam teknik komunikasi persuasi yang bertumpu pada argumentasi yaitu teknik Red-Hearing. Teknik ini merupakan seni yang dimiliki komunikator dalam mengulas data dan fakta yang mampu melemahkan pendapat komunikan sehingga terjadi perubahan pikir yang membuat komunikan terpengaruhi baik dari pandangan, sikap dan tingkah laku. Selain itu, komunikasi persuasif argumentatif terdapat dalam teori retorika 15",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 288,
"width": 209,
"height": 92,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "14 Teknik Komunikasi persuasi meliputi: (1) Cognitive Dissonance yang dikemukakan oleh Leon Festinger di mana teknik ini menggunakan gejala-gejala dalam suatu kehidupan dari manusia; (2) Teknik Asosiasi yang bertumpu pada penyajian pesan dengan cara menumpangkannya pada suatu peristiwa atau objek yang sedang populer diperhatikan khalayak; (3) Teknik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 382,
"width": 209,
"height": 274,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Integrasi/Empathy yang bertumpu pada kemampuan komunikator dalam menyatukan diri dengan komunikatif kepada komunikan; (4) Teknik Pay Off Idea yang bertumpu pada mengiiming- iming hal yang duntungkan atau menjanjikan harapan, (5) Teknik Fear Arrousing yakni suatu cara yang bersifat menakut-nakuti atau adanya gambaran konsekuensi buruk; (6) Teknik Tataan/Icing yakni suatu usaha dalam penyusunan pesan komunikasi yang sedemikian rupa agar enak didegar dan adanya motivasi kepada komunikan; (7) Red-Hearing yakni seni bagi komunikator yang bertumpu pada pernyataan argumentasi yang bisa melemahkan pendapat komunikan ketika terjadi perdebatan atau dialaog. Terdapat tiga buku yang memberikan penjelasan mengenai teknik komunikasi persuasif, yaitu dalam bukunya Effendy,Onong Uchjana. Ilmu, Komunikasi Teori dan Praktek Komunikasi, (Bandung: PT. Citra Aditia Bakti,2015)h.21-24, Djoenaesih, Sunarjo, Komunikasi Persuasi dan Retorika, (Yogyakarta :Yogyakarta Liberty, 1983),h.35-39, dan Wahyu Ilaihi, Komunikasi Dakwah, (Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya,2010),h.126-127.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 656,
"width": 209,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "15 Teori retorika merupakan teori persuasi tertua yang dirumuskan oleh Plato dan dikembangkan oleh Aristoteles. Dalam buku De Arte Rhetorica, Aristoteles menjelaska bahwa ada tig acara dalam rangka mempengaruhi manusia, yaitu: (1) ethos, seorang pembicara mempunyai pengetahuan yang luas, pribadi yang dapat dipercaya dan status terhormat; (2) phatos, seorang pembicara mampu menyentuh hati lawan bicara yaitu perasaan emosi, harapan, kasih sayang dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 179,
"top": 36,
"width": 237,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AL-HIKMAH: Jurnal Dakwah, Volume 17, Nomor 1, Tahun 2023 [P.61-74]",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 48,
"width": 373,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat & Fakultas Ushuluddin, Adab dan Dakwah (FUAD) IAIN Pontianak Jl. Letjen. Soeprapto, No. 19 Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat 78121 Phone: (0561) 734170 Mobile: 085741561121",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 789,
"width": 42,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "~ 66 ~",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 87,
"width": 209,
"height": 169,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "yang di dalamnya terdapat bahasan tentang kemampuan untuk mengajak dan meyakinkan orang lain dengan cara penyampaian argumentasi, rasionalisasi dan bahasa yang jelas. Kemudian teori lain yang juga membahas komunikasi persuasive argumentatif adalah Elaborated Likehood Model (ELM). 16 Pada teori ini dinyatakan bahwa persuasi akan berhasil apabila pesan dikemas dengan argumen, data, dan fakta yang diberikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 261,
"width": 209,
"height": 249,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Komunikasi persuasif argumentatif memberikan solusi bagi seorang juru dakwah yang merupakan komunikator dalam mengemas komunikasinya agar membuat objek dakwahnya mengikuti apa ang disampaikan terkait dakwahnya. Dengan menggunakan teknik komunikasi persuasif yang menitikberatkan fungsi psikologis maupun sosiologis yang terdapat dalam diri komunikan dan dengan tenik argumentasi yang mengoptimalkan fungsi berdialog dengan bijak kepada lawan bicara maka akan membuat pesan dakwah yang disampaikan mampu merubah pandangan, sikap dan tingkah laku objek dakwah atau komunikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 531,
"width": 209,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DIALOG IBRAHIM DENGAN PENGANUT PAGANISME",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 563,
"width": 209,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perjuangan para nabi dan rasul dalam mengemban risalah dakwah yang bertujuan untuk mengarahkan kaumnya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 624,
"width": 209,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kebencian (emotional appeals)I; (3) logos, mencakup argumentasi, rasionaliasi, bahasa dan wacana yang jelas. Lihat : : Inge Hutagalung, Teori-Teori Komunikasi dalam Pengaruh Psikologi, (Jakarta : Indeks, 2018),h.87-88 16 Teori ini dipelopori Richard E. Petty dan John T. Cacioppo. Keberhasilan persuasi dalam teori ini bertumpu pada usaha penyusunan pesan yang disampaikan agar mengandung informasi- informasi detail dan kompleks, argumentasi rasional dan dilengkapi bukti yang kuat. Lihat : Inge Hutagalung, Teori-Teori Komunikasi dalam Pengaruh Psikologi, (Jakarta : Indeks, 2018),h.31",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 87,
"width": 209,
"height": 169,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "agar menyambah Allah dan meninggalkan penyembahan kepada berhala mengalami hambatan-hambatan dan penderitaan yang keras. Salah satu nabi yang berjuang keras dalam memberantas penyembahan berhala adalah Nabi Ibrahim a.s yang ceritanya diabadikan dalam Alquran. Nabi Ibrahim sangat berjuang dalam memberantas kantong-kantong kemusyrikan dan keyakinan paganisme yang dianut kaumnya. 17 Dalam Alquran Surah Al-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 261,
"width": 209,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Anbiya ayat 51- 58 menceritakan bahwa Nabi Ibrahim a.s dengan tegas tidak setuju terhadap perbuatan yang dilakukan kaumnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 325,
"width": 209,
"height": 312,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Allah swt dalam Surah Al Anbiya ayat 51-58 menceritakan kekasihNya Ibrahim a.s yang telah dianugerahi bimbingan keagamaan sejak kecil. Allah swt memberikan ilham kepada Nabi Ibrahim a.s kebenaran dan hujjah untuk melawan kaumnya yang menyembah selain Allah swt. “Ingatlah ketika dia Ibrahim berkata kepada ayahnya dan kaumnya, ‘patung -patung apakah ini yag kamu tekun beribadah kepadanya?” (Q.S. Al-Anbiya ayat 52). Bentuk ilham yang diberikan Allah kepada Nabi Ibrahim sejak kecil adalah petunjuknya dalam menolak penyembahan terhada berhala, bintang, matahari dan bulan. Penolakan Nabi Ibrahim a.s terlihat ketika ia bertanya pada bapaknya dan kaumnya tentang apakah patung-patung yang berbentuk manusia ini yang kalian sembah dan kalian agungkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 642,
"width": 209,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ayat ini menunjukkan bahwa berhala-berhala yang mereka jadikan sesembahan itu berupa patung-patung orang soleh yang telah meninggal. Pada awalnya mereka membuat patung-patung orang soleh tersebut dengan tujuan agar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 748,
"width": 208,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "17 Wahbah Az-Zuhaili. Tafsir Al-Wasith Jilid II, (Jakarta: Gema Insani,2013), h.590",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 251,
"top": 38,
"width": 93,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ahmad Rizali Fahmi:",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 50,
"width": 302,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KOMUNIKASI PERSUASIF ARGUMENTATIF PERSPEKTIF AL-QURAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 171,
"top": 61,
"width": 253,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Studi Terhadap Dialog Ibrahim dengan Penganut Paganisme)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 789,
"width": 42,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "~ 67 ~",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 85,
"width": 209,
"height": 265,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dikenang dan diingat oleh orang-orang yang ditinggalnya sebagaimana hal itu dilakukan pada zaman sekarang dengan membuat patung bagi para pahlawan kita yang sudah berjuang dan mati dalam peperangan dengan tujuan hanya sekedar mengenang jasa mereka. Kemudian tujuan itu berubah menjadi rasa penghormatan dan penghargaan agar orang-orang hidup dapat meneladani karya dan kerja keras orang yang telah meninggal tersebut. Rasa penghormatan dan penghargaan tersebut seiring berjalannya waktu semakin menyimpang hingga pada perasaan bahwa patung-patung tersebut harus dipuja dan diagungkan dengan cara menyembah patung tersebut. 18",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 354,
"width": 209,
"height": 265,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penyembahan patung tersebut yang sangat ditentang oleh Nabi Ibrahim a.s dan Nabi Ibrahim a.s mencoba berdialog dengan mereka. Dalam ayat 52 Surah Al- Anbiya ini mengandung peringatan kepada mereka agar melakukan pencermatan terhadap keadaan patung-patung yang mereka sembah dengan kenyataan bahwa patung-patung tersebut tidak bisa memenuhi kebutuhan mereka sedikitpun. Namun mereka tetap kuat menyanggah pernyataan Nabi Ibrahim a.s dengan alasan taklid kepada para pendahulu mereka yang diisyaratkan dalam ayat 53. Hal ini menunjukkan kesalahan taklid mereka karena tidak didasari pada logika yang shahih dan juga pemikiran yang lurus. 19",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 624,
"width": 209,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dialog antara Nabi Ibrahim dan kaumnya terus berlanjut dengan jawaban Nabi Ibrahim dalam ayat 54 yang mematahkan aspirasi mereka dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 702,
"width": 209,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "18 Abu Ja’far Muhammad bin Jarir Ath - Thabari, Tafsir Ath-Thabari Jilid 18,Terj. Ahsan Askan,(Jakarta: Pustaka Azzam,2009),h.567",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 737,
"width": 208,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "19 Wahbah Az-Zuhaili. Tafsir Al-Wasith Jilid II, (Jakarta: Gema Insani,2013), h.590",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 85,
"width": 209,
"height": 328,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mengatakan nenek moyang mereka berada dalam kesesatan yang nyata. Mendengar sanggahan Nabi Ibrahim a.s tersebut membuat mereka heran dan berkata yang tergambar dalam ayat 55 dengan kandungan makna ; perkataan apa yang telah kamu ucapkan, apakah kamu mengatakannya dengan main-main dan bercanda atau dengan sungguh-sungguh? Nabi Ibrahim a.s menjawab dengan tegas yang terilustrasikan dalam ayat 56 bahwa: aku mengatakannya dengan serius dan sedang tidak bercanda, sesungguhnya tuhan yang berhak untuk disembah dengan sebenarnya adalah Tuhan Penguasa langit dan bumi, pengaturnya, dan penciptanya tanpa ada contoh sebelumnya dan aku bersaksi dengan penuh keyakinan dan sepenuh hati bahwa tidak ada Tuhan selain dia, tidak ada sembahan yang pantas untuk disembah selain dia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 418,
"width": 209,
"height": 217,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Melihat perbuatan kaumnya yang tetap teguh dan kokoh dalam menyembah patung tersebut, Nabi Ibrahim bersumpah akan menghancurkan semua patung-patung tersebut ketika mereka pergi saat hari perayaan yang termaktub dalam ayat 57. Dalam Riwayat dikatakan bahwa terdapat hari raya bagi kaum Nabi Ibrahim a.s dan pada saat perayaan hari raya itu tiba mereka menginginkan Nabi Ibrahim a.s hadir bersama mereka dengan tujuan pendapat Nabi Ibrahim a.s akan berubah dan memandang baik kepada ritual-ritual yang mereka lakukan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 640,
"width": 209,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada awalnya Nabi Ibrahim a.s mengikuti mereka dan pada pertengahan perjalanan Nabi Ibrahim menghentikan perjalanannya dan berkata pada mereka bahwa dia sedang sakit dan tidak bisa melanjutkan perjalanan. Mereka pun melanjutkan perjalanan tanpa Ibrahim dan ketika sebagian dari mereka melewati",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 179,
"top": 36,
"width": 237,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AL-HIKMAH: Jurnal Dakwah, Volume 17, Nomor 1, Tahun 2023 [P.61-74]",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 48,
"width": 373,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat & Fakultas Ushuluddin, Adab dan Dakwah (FUAD) IAIN Pontianak Jl. Letjen. Soeprapto, No. 19 Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat 78121 Phone: (0561) 734170 Mobile: 085741561121",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 789,
"width": 42,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "~ 68 ~",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 87,
"width": 209,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nabi Ibrahim a.s, ia berkata “ dan Demi Allah, sungguh aku akan melakukan tipu daya terhadap berhala- berhalamu.” Perkataan Nabi Ibrahim tersebut ternyata didengar oleh beberapa orang dari mereka yang berjalan dibagian paling akhir.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 182,
"width": 209,
"height": 296,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Melihat seluruh kaumnya melewatinya, Nabi Ibrahim a.s bergegas menuju tempat berhala-behala mereka dengan membawa kapak. Setelah sampai ke tempat tersebut Nabi Ibrahim a.s mendapati berhala-berhala tersusun dengan rapi dan sejajar dan secara berurutan dari yang paling besar hingga yang paling kecil. Dihadapan berhala-berhala tersebut terdapat makanan-makanan yang diletakkan kaumnya dengan harapan mendapatkan keberkahan yang kemudian mereka akan memakan makanan tersebut setelah mereka kembali dari perayaan. Nabi Ibrahim a.s pun menghancurkan berhala-berhala tersebut kecuali satu berhala yang paling besar dan menyangkutkan kapaknya di tangannya. 20 Tindakan Nabi Ibrahim a.s",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 483,
"width": 209,
"height": 233,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "membiarkan berhala yang paling besar dang menyangkutkan kapak pada berhala tersebut dengan tujuan agar kaumnya para penganut paganisme melakukan tuduhan kepada berhala paling besar karena kapak yang ada padanya. Kemudian Nabi Ibrahim berkeinginan agar mereka beranggapan bahwa berhala tersebut akan membela dirinya karena ketidak- senangannya disembah bersama berhala- berhala kecil. Dengan hal demikian sangat jelas bagi mereka bahwa berhala yang mereka sembah tidak bisa melakukan apa- apa dan penyembahan yang mereka lakukan adalah sebuah kebodohan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 748,
"width": 208,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "20 Wahbah Az-Zuhaili. Tafsir Al-Wasith Jilid II, (Jakarta: Gema Insani,2013 h. 591",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 87,
"width": 209,
"height": 296,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Para penyembah berhala yaitu Namrudz dan para pengikutnya setelah selesai dari perayaan mereka dikejutkan dengan apa yang terjadi dengan tuhan- tuhan mereka yang membuat mereka sangat marah. Ayat 59-67 surah Al-Anbiya menggambarkan peristiwa dialog sengit antara Nabi Ibrahim a.s dan kaumnya setelah penghancuran berhala yang dilakukan Nabi Ibrahim a.s. “Mer eka berkata Siapakah yang melakukan perbuatan ini terhadap tuhan-tuhan kami, dia termasuk orang yang zalim.” Mereka berkata sebagai ungkapan kecurigaan, dan ancaman terhadap siapa yang melakukan perbuatan ini benar-benar termasuk orang yang menzalimi diri sendiri dan layak mendapat balasan yang hina juga siksaan yang berat. 21",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 388,
"width": 209,
"height": 106,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kemudian sebagian dari mereka yang kemarin mendengar ancaman Ibrahim yang akan menghancurkan berhala-berhala tersebut berkata “Kami mendengar seorang pemuda yang bernama Ibrahim yang bermaksud jahat terhadap berhala.”",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 499,
"width": 209,
"height": 202,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Firman Allah swt “Mereka berkata : Maka bawalah dia dengan cara dapat dilihat orang banyak” Berbagai kalangan yang hadir yang merupakan pertemuan besar mereka selaras dengan tujuan Nabi Ibrahim a.s. yang ingin menunjukkan dengan jelas dalam perayaan besar tersebut kedunguan dan kebodohan mereka yang luar biasa karena menjadikan behala- berhala itu sebagai tuhan -tuhan yang tidak mampu menolak sebuah kemudoratan bahkan tehadap dirinya sendiri dan tidak mampu menolong dirinya sendiri apalagi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 748,
"width": 208,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "21 Wahbah Az-Zuhaili. Tafsir Al-Wasith Jilid II, (Jakarta: Gema Insani,2013h. 593",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 251,
"top": 38,
"width": 93,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ahmad Rizali Fahmi:",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 50,
"width": 302,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KOMUNIKASI PERSUASIF ARGUMENTATIF PERSPEKTIF AL-QURAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 171,
"top": 61,
"width": 253,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Studi Terhadap Dialog Ibrahim dengan Penganut Paganisme)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 789,
"width": 42,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "~ 69 ~",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 85,
"width": 209,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mau menyelamatkan dan membantu manusia. 22",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 116,
"width": 209,
"height": 329,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ibrahim a.s pun didatangkan ke perjumpaan besar tersebut, “Mereka bertanya ‘Apakah kamu yang melakukan perbuatan ini terhadap tuhan-tuhan kami hai Ibrahim?’ Ibrahim menjawab ‘sebenarnya patung yang besar itulah yang melakukannya,” Maksud perkataan Ibrahim a.s. ini adalah yang melakukan penghancuran terhadap berhala-berhala adalah patung besar yang sengaja dibiarkannya tidak dihancurkan. Maka tanyakanlah kepada berhala itu, jika mereka dapat berbicara ”. Sesungguhnya tujuan ucapan Ibrahim berkata seperti itu adalah agar mereka mampu dengan sadar untuk mengakui bahwa berhala itu tidak dapat berbicara dan bahwa berhala-berhala itu sama sekali tidak mampu untuk melindungi dirinya sendiri sekalipun. Maka bagaimana mungkin behala itu dapat melindungi dan menyelamatkan orang lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 450,
"width": 209,
"height": 280,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Allah Ta’ala memberitahukan keadaan kaum Ibrahim setelah dia berkata kepada mereka, Allah berfirman “Maka, mereka telah kembali kepada kesadaran mereka” dengan mencela dirinya lantar an mereka tidak menjaga Tuhan-Tuhannya. Sesungguhnya kamu sekalian adalah orang yang menganiaya”, karena menyepelekan pemeliharaan berhala.” Mereka pun berbalik kepada diri mereka sendiri dengan mencela kelalaian diri mereka sendiri karena tidak pandai dalam menjaganya. Sebagian dari mereka bahkan saling menyalahkan antara satu sama lain hingga berkata “kamulah yang zhalim karena kamu meninggalkan berhala- berhala tanpa penjagaan sedikitpun”. Allah berfirman “Kemudian kepala mereka",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 748,
"width": 208,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "22 Wahbah Az-Zuhaili. Tafsir Al-Wasith Jilid II, (Jakarta: Gema Insani,2013h. 593",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 85,
"width": 209,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menjadi tertunduk” Mereka menundukkan kepala ke bawah sebagai reaksi dari kebingungan dan tidak dapat menanggapi perkataan Ibrahim yang tatkala dia berkata kepada mereka, “Maka tanyalah berhala - berhala itu jika mereka dapat berbicara”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 180,
"width": 209,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mereka dengan sadar menanggapi bahwa bagaimana mungkin dapat menanyai berhala sedangkan mereka sendiri tahu bahwa berhala itu benda mati yang tidak dibisa berbicara. Karena itu mereka berkata “Sesungguhnya, kamu telah mengetahui bahwa berhala-berhala itu tidak dapat berbicara” . Jawaban mereka tersebut secara jelas mengakui ketidaklayakan Tuhan yang mereka sembah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 354,
"width": 209,
"height": 154,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Saat mereka mengakui itulah Ibrahim langsung menjawab dan menutup dialog sengit tersebut dengan jawaban pamungkas “Maka mengapakah kamu menyembah selain Allah sesuatu yang tidak dapat memberi manfaat sedikitpun dan tidak memberi mudharat kepadamu? Celakalah kamu dan apa yang kamu sembah selain Allah. Maka apakah kamu tidak memahami?”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 529,
"width": 208,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KOMUNIKASI PERSUASI ARGU- MENTATIF PERSPEKTIF ALQURAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 561,
"width": 209,
"height": 201,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Secara spesisifik alquran tidak membicarakan masalah komunikasi persuaif argumentatif dalamsebuah dialog. Namun jka ditelaah dengan serius terdapat beberapa ayat alquran yang memberikan penjelasan aktivitas dialog yang di dalamnya terdapat persuasive argumentatif baik dilakukan terhadap sesame muslim maupun dengan non muslim. Salah satu dialog yang mengandung komunikasi persuasif argumentatif terhadap non muslim adalah dialog Nabi Ibrahim a.s. dengan para penganut paganisme.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 179,
"top": 36,
"width": 237,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AL-HIKMAH: Jurnal Dakwah, Volume 17, Nomor 1, Tahun 2023 [P.61-74]",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 48,
"width": 373,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat & Fakultas Ushuluddin, Adab dan Dakwah (FUAD) IAIN Pontianak Jl. Letjen. Soeprapto, No. 19 Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat 78121 Phone: (0561) 734170 Mobile: 085741561121",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 789,
"width": 42,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "~ 70 ~",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 87,
"width": 209,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Meskipun dialog ini terkesan singkat namun cara komunikasi Nabi Ibrahim dalam rangka membantah argumentasi para penganut paganisme adalah upaya untuk mengubah orang dalam besikap dan berperilaku.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 182,
"width": 209,
"height": 154,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Upaya untuk mengubah orang berperilaku sesuai keinginan komunikator salah satunya dengan bujukan yang menunjukkan serangkaian fakta dan bukti sedemikian rupa atau disebut dengan istilah komunikasi persuasive argumentatif. Semakin banyak fakta yang diterangkan dan disajikan maka akan semakin kuat pula pembuktian paham yang disampaikan seorang komunikator. 23",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 341,
"width": 209,
"height": 153,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penyajian fakta secara terstruktur memerlukan sebuah teknik. Oleh karena itu bagi seorang komunikator memiliki pengetahuan teknik-teknik komunikasi persuasive arguemtatif menjadi penting sebagai salah satu cara berkomunikasi dengan baik. Komunikasi persuasive argumentatif merupakan teknik yang disarankan dalam alquran sebagaimana tertera dalam surah An-Nahl ayat 125:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": 495,
"width": 213,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ِﺔَﻈِﻋْﻮَﻤْﻟاَو ِﺔَﻤْﻜِﺤْﻟﺎِﺑ َﻚﱢﺑَر ِﻞْﯿِﺒَﺳ ﻰٰﻟِا ُعْدُا َﻚﱠﺑَر ﱠنِا ُۗﻦَﺴْﺣَا َﻲِھ ْﻲِﺘﱠﻟﺎِﺑ ْﻢُﮭْﻟِدﺎَﺟَو ِﺔَﻨَﺴَﺤْﻟا َا َﻮُھَو ٖﮫِﻠْﯿِﺒَﺳ ْﻦَﻋ ﱠﻞَﺿ ْﻦَﻤِﺑ ُﻢَﻠْﻋَا َﻮُھ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": 542,
"width": 21,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ُﻢَﻠ ْﻋ",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 235,
"top": 558,
"width": 45,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "َﻦْﯾِﺪَﺘْﮭُﻤْﻟﺎِﺑ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 584,
"width": 209,
"height": 106,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Artinya : “Serulah (manusia) kepada jalan Tuhan-mu dengan hikmah dan pelajaran yang baik dan bantahlah mereka dengan cara yang baik. Sesungguhnya Tuhanmu Dialah yang lebih mengetahui tentang siapa yang tersesat dari jalan-Nya dan Dialah yang lebih mengetahui orang-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 714,
"width": 209,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "23 Soufi Wiranti dan Mawehda, “Teknik Argumentasi Ja’far Al -Haddar dalam Diskusi Ketaatan pada Orang Tua Bersama Tretan Muslim”. Jurnal Pemikiran dan Kebudayaan Islam Vol 30, No.2, 2021, h.136",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 87,
"width": 208,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "orang yang mendapat petunjuk” (Q.S. An- Nahl : 125)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 118,
"width": 209,
"height": 202,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Terdapat tuntunan dalam alquran tentang cara mengajak orang agar bersikap dan berperilaku sesuai yang diinginkan oleh dai atau komunikator. Cara mengajak golongan cendikiawan adalah dengan teknik berdialog dengan bijak, terhadap golongan awam, dengan pemberian nasihat dan perumpamaan agar mereka sampai pada kebenaran melalui cara terdekat yang paling cocok, terhadap Ahl-al-Kitab teknik yang dilakukan dengan logika dan retorika halus yang bertumpu pada peredebatan yang baik serta terhindar dari kekerasan. 24",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 325,
"width": 209,
"height": 328,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Istilah komunikasi persuasive argumentatif yang terjadi dalam dialog disebut juga dengan jadal. 25 Zahid ‘Awad al- Alamaiy menjelaskan tentang beberapa tujuan jadal, yaitu; (1) sebagai jawaban atau sebagai ungkapan kehendak Allah swt dalam rangka penentuan, pembenaran aqidah, dan akidah syariah yang timbul dari persoalan yang dihadapi Rasul, Nabi dan orang-orang saleh. Selain itu juga sebagai bukti adanya dalil-dalil yang bisa mematahkan argumentasi kontraduktif sehingga menjadi jelas dan terarah ke jalan yang benar, (2) sebagai layanan dialog untuk kalangan yang hendak mengetahui dan mempelajari dengan nalar rasional, atau melalui ibarat ataupun doa, dari dialog tersebut dikehendaki mampu melahirkan nasihat untuk diamalkan. (3) sebagai bentuk bantahan dan mematahkan argumentasi orang kafir yang sering",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 668,
"width": 209,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "24 Muchlis M.Hanafi, Moderasi Islam Menangkal Radikalisasi Berbasis Agama, (Ciputat : Ikatan Alumni al-Azhar dan Pusat Studi Al-Quran, 2013), h.89",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 714,
"width": 209,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "25 Muhammad Dwi Toriyono dan Afrizal Al Adzim Syahputra, “Dialog Argumentati f Nabi Ibrahim dan Raja Namrud dalam Perspektif Al- Quran”, Jurnal al-Dhikra: Jurnal Studi Quran da Hadis, Vol.3, No.2, 2021, h.108",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 251,
"top": 38,
"width": 93,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ahmad Rizali Fahmi:",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 50,
"width": 302,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KOMUNIKASI PERSUASIF ARGUMENTATIF PERSPEKTIF AL-QURAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 171,
"top": 61,
"width": 253,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Studi Terhadap Dialog Ibrahim dengan Penganut Paganisme)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 789,
"width": 42,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "~ 71 ~",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 85,
"width": 209,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mengajukan mengajukan permasalahn dengan jalan menyembunyikan kebenaran dan terpedaya dengan kepercayaan para leluhur mereka. 26",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 148,
"width": 209,
"height": 313,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Secara umum Surah Al-Anbiya ayat 51-67 menceritakan tentang komunikasi persuasive argumentatif yang diterapkan Nabi Ibrahim a.s ketika berdialog dengan para penganut paganisme yang dipimpin oleh Raja Namrud. Istilah komunikasi persuasif argumentatif dalam konteks ini berdasarkan pada pola komunikasi yang menitikberatkan pada bujukan disertai argumentasi antara Nabi Ibrahim a.s. dan para penganut paganisme tentang kebenaran Tuhan yang disembah. Para penganut paganisme menyatakan bahwa tuhan yang berhak disembah adalah patung-patung yang mereka buat. Mereka berkeyakinan bahwa patung yang mereka sembah mampu mengabulkan permintaan- pemintaan mereka. Mereka berhujjah dengan bertaklid kepada para pendahulu mereka.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 466,
"width": 209,
"height": 264,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Para penganut paganisme sangat tekun dalam menyembah dan melakukan pemujaan terhadap patung-patung tersebut. Pada awalnya mereka membuat patung- patung orang soleh tersebut dengan tujuan agar dikenang dan diingat oleh orang- orang yang ditinggalnya sebagaimana hal itu dilakukan pada zaman sekarang dengan membuat patung bagi para pahlawan kita yang sudah berjuang dan mati dalam peperangan dengan tujuan hanya sekedar mengenang jasa mereka. Kemudian tujuan itu berubah menjadi rasa penghormatan dan penghargaan agar orang-orang hidup dapat meneladani karya dan kerja keras orang yang telah meninggal tersebut. Rasa penghormatan dan penghargaan tersebut",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 748,
"width": 209,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "26 Zahir ‘Awad al -Alamaiy, Manahij Al- Jadal Fi Al- Qur’an Al -Karim, (t.tp, t.th), h.15",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 85,
"width": 209,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "seiring berjalannya waktu semakin menyimpang hingga pada perasaan bahwa patung-patung tersebut harus dipuja dan diagungkan dengan cara menyembah patung tersebut. 27",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 164,
"width": 209,
"height": 233,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kesalahan dalam memilih tuhan untuk disembah itulah yang sangat ditolak oleh Nabi Ibrahim a.s. Penolakan Nabi Ibrahim a.s terlihat ketika ia bertanya pada bapaknya dan kaumnya tentang apakah patung-patung berbentuk manusia itu yang kalian sembah dan kalian agungkan. Nabi Ibrahim merasakan terdapat kesalahan dan kebodohan yang jelas pada pemujaan patung-patung tersebut. Patung-patung yang bahkan tidak bisa berbuat apa apa untuk dirinya senidiri apalagi untuk manusia lain bahkan tuhan-tuhan yang mereka sembah adalah hasil buatan mereka sendiri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 402,
"width": 209,
"height": 313,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Melihat kenyataan pada masya- rakatnya tersebut Nabi Ibrahim a.s. merasa bertanggung jawab untuk menyadarkan pemikiran mereka yang salah tentang kebenaran Tuhan yang disembah. Nabi Ibrahim a.s. dalam proses memberikan kebenaran kepada kaumnya dimulai dengan bekomunikasi dan berdialog dengan bapaknya. Ia mencoba membujuk kaumnya agar berhenti melakukan penyembahan pada patung-patung tersebut. Bujukan Nabi Ibrahim a.s. dengan bertumpu pada argumentasi-argumentasi yang jelas dan logis. Nabi Ibrahim a.s mencoba menanyakan apa alasan dan argument mereka sehingga dengan teguh mempertahankan keyakinan tersebut. Ternyata mereka berargumen dengan hanya mengikuti leluhur mereka dan hal tersebut sangat tidak logis. Argumen yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 737,
"width": 209,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "27 Abu Ja’far Muhammad bin Jarir Ath - Thabari, Tafsir Ath-Thabari Jilid 18,Terj. Ahsan Askan,(Jakarta: Pustaka Azzam,2009),h.567",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 179,
"top": 36,
"width": 237,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AL-HIKMAH: Jurnal Dakwah, Volume 17, Nomor 1, Tahun 2023 [P.61-74]",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 48,
"width": 373,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat & Fakultas Ushuluddin, Adab dan Dakwah (FUAD) IAIN Pontianak Jl. Letjen. Soeprapto, No. 19 Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat 78121 Phone: (0561) 734170 Mobile: 085741561121",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 789,
"width": 42,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "~ 72 ~",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 87,
"width": 209,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dinyatakan kaumya tersebut dibantah dengan argumen Nabi Ibrahim a.s. bahwa Tuhan yang hakiki dan berhak untuk disembah adalah Sang Penguasa Langit dan bumi, pengaturnya, dan peciptanya tanpa ada contoh sebelumnya. Namun argumentasi Nabi Ibrahim a.s. saat itu tidak ditanggapi dengan serius.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 214,
"width": 26,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nabi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 214,
"width": 209,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ibrahim a.s. tidak menghentikan bujukannya berhenti sampai situ saja, ia mencoba memikirkan cara lain yang lebih",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 261,
"width": 209,
"height": 186,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "efektif agar bisa mengungkapkan data dan fakta terhadap kesalahan keyakinan mereka. Ia pun menghancurkan patung-patung mereka ketikka mereka sedang pergi melakukan perayaan. Melihat tuhan-tuhan mereka yang hancur membuat mereka marah dan mencari siapa pelakunya hingga Nabi Ibrahim a.s. menjadi tersangka karena ada sebagian dari mereka yang mendengar Nabi Ibrahim a.s. akan membuat tipu daya kepada tuhan-tuhan tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 452,
"width": 208,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam menghadapi kaumnya Nabi Ibrahim a.s. menyatakan dua argumentasi yang logis dan dapat diterima, yaitu :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 495,
"width": 143,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. …. اَﺬَھ ْﻢُھُﺮﯿِﺒَﻛ ُﮫَﻠَﻌَﻓ ْﻞَﺑ َلﺎَﻗ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 520,
"width": 195,
"height": 154,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "“Sebenarnya (patung) besar itu yang melakukannya” Seandainya patung- patung yang mereka yakini sebagai tuhan tersebut berakal atau mengerti, atau dapat melindungi dirinya sendiri dan yang lain, tentu patung yang besar tersebut, secara logis harusnya mampu memberikan perlindungan kepada pengikutnya dan kepada patung-patung yang kecil.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 675,
"width": 141,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. ُﻘِﻄْﻨَﯾ اﻮُﻧﺎَﻛ ْنِإ ْﻢُھﻮُﻟَﺄْﺳﺎَﻓ",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 680,
"width": 15,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "َنﻮ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 700,
"width": 195,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "“Maka tanyakanlah kepada mereka jika mereka dapat berbicara” . Argument yang dinyatakan Nabi Ibrahim a.s. tersebut agar mereka mengatakan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 87,
"width": 194,
"height": 153,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "argumen dengan segera sehingga menyatakan pernyataan; sesungguhnya patung-patung itu tidak mampu berbicara, tidak bisa memberikan manfaat tidak pula mudharat. Kemudian Nabi Ibrahim a.s. berkata kepada mereka; lalu mengapa engkau menyembahnya? Akhirnya mereka kalah dalam berargumentasi dan berhujjah. 28",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 261,
"width": 81,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 277,
"width": 209,
"height": 249,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Komunikasi persuasif argumentatif memberikan solusi bagi seorang juru dakwah yang merupakan komunikator dalam mengemas komunikasinya agar membuat objek dakwahnya mengikuti apa ang disampaikan terkait dakwahnya. Dengan menggunakan teknik komunikasi persuasif yang menitikberatkan fungsi psikologis maupun sosiologis yang terdapat dalam diri komunikan dan dengan tenik argumentasi yang mengoptimalkan fungsi berdialog dengan bijak kepada lawan bicara maka akan membuat pesan dakwah yang disampaikan mampu merubah pandangan, sikap dan tingkah laku objek dakwah atau komunikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 552,
"width": 110,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 579,
"width": 208,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Al- Alamaiy, Zahir. t.tp, t.th.‘Awad.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 595,
"width": 173,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Manahij Al-Jadal Fi Al- Qur’an Al - Karim.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 639,
"width": 209,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Al- Farmawii, ‘Abd. Al -Hay.1996. Metode TafsirMawdhu'i. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 699,
"width": 209,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ath-Thabari, Muhammad Abu bin Jarir. 2009. Tafsir Ath-Thabari Jilid 18,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 748,
"width": 208,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "28 Wahbah Az-Zuhaili. Tafsir Al-Wasith Jilid II, (Jakarta: Gema Insani,2013,h.593",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 251,
"top": 38,
"width": 93,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ahmad Rizali Fahmi:",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 50,
"width": 302,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KOMUNIKASI PERSUASIF ARGUMENTATIF PERSPEKTIF AL-QURAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 171,
"top": 61,
"width": 253,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Studi Terhadap Dialog Ibrahim dengan Penganut Paganisme)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 789,
"width": 42,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "~ 73 ~",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 85,
"width": 173,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Terj. Ahsan Askan. Jakarta:",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 101,
"width": 77,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pustaka Azzam.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 128,
"width": 209,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Az-Zuhaili, Wahbah.2013. Tafsir Al-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 144,
"width": 173,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wasith Jilid II. Jakarta: Gema",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 160,
"width": 32,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Insani.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 188,
"width": 209,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Djoenaesih dan Sunarjo. 1983. Komunikasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 204,
"width": 173,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Persuasi dan Retorika,.Yogyakarta :Yogyakarta Liberty, 1983.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 248,
"width": 209,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Efendy dan Onong Uchjana. 2008.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 263,
"width": 173,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dinamika Komunikasi. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 307,
"width": 209,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Effendy dan Onong Uchjana.2015. Ilmu,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 323,
"width": 173,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Komunikasi Teori dan Praktek Komunikasi, (Bandung: PT. Citra Aditia Bakti.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 383,
"width": 209,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hanafi, Muchlis M. 2013. Moderasi Islam Menangkal Radikalisasi Berbasis Agama. Ciputat : Ikatan Alumni al- Azhar dan Pusat Studi Al-Quran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 458,
"width": 209,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hanafi, Muhammad.t.th. Moderasi Islam Menangkal Radikalisasi berbasis Agama Ciputat: Ikatan Alumni al- Azhar dan Pusat Studi Al- Qur’an.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 534,
"width": 209,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hutagalung, Inge. 2018. Teori-Teori",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 550,
"width": 173,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Komunikasi dalam Pengaruh Psikologi, Jakarta : Indeks.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 593,
"width": 209,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ilaihi, Wahyu. 2010. Komunikasi Dakwah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 609,
"width": 160,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakrya.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 637,
"width": 209,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 653,
"width": 174,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Republik Indonesia, “KBBI Daring”, (https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 701,
"width": 173,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "entri/metode, diakses 27 September 2022)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 85,
"width": 209,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keraf, Gorys. 2001. Argumentasi dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 101,
"width": 209,
"height": 209,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Narasi. Jakarta: Penerbit PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Maulana, Herdiyan dan Gumgum Gumelar. 2013. Psikologi Komunikasi dan PersuasiJakarta : Akademia Permata. Nurhadi, Zikri Fachrul dan Achmad Wildan Kurniawan. “Kaj ian Tentang Efektivitas Pesan Dalam Komunikasi”. Jurnal Komunikasi Hasil Pemikiran dan Penelitian, Vol.3, No.1,2017.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 327,
"width": 208,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Roudhonah. 2019. Ilmu Komunikasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 343,
"width": 107,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Depok: Rajawali Pers.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 371,
"width": 208,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Said, Nurhidayat Muh. “Metode Dakwah: Studi AlQur’an Surah An -Nahl ayat 125”, Jurnal Dakwah Tablighi Vol. 16, No. 1, Juni 2015",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 446,
"width": 209,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Soemirat, Soleh dan Elvino Ardianto.2017.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 462,
"width": 173,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dasar-dasar Public Relations.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 478,
"width": 166,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 506,
"width": 208,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Syahputra, Afrizal El Adzim “Proses Berpikir Nabi Ibrahim as. Melalui Dialog dengan Tuhan dalam Al- Qur’an” Jurnal Hermeneutik:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 569,
"width": 173,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Al- Qur’an dan Tafsir,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 585,
"width": 99,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 14, No. 1.2018.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 613,
"width": 208,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Toriyono, Muhammad Dwi dan Afrizal Al Adzim",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 412,
"top": 629,
"width": 112,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Syahputra. Dialog",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 645,
"width": 173,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Argumentatif Nabi Ibrahim dan Raja Namrud dalam Perspektif Al- Quran”. Jurnal al-Dhikra: Jurnal Studi Quran da Hadis, Vol.3, No.2, 2021.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 736,
"width": 209,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wiranti, Soufi dan Mawehda .“Teknik Argumentasi Husein Ja’far Al -",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 179,
"top": 36,
"width": 237,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AL-HIKMAH: Jurnal Dakwah, Volume 17, Nomor 1, Tahun 2023 [P.61-74]",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 48,
"width": 373,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat & Fakultas Ushuluddin, Adab dan Dakwah (FUAD) IAIN Pontianak Jl. Letjen. Soeprapto, No. 19 Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat 78121 Phone: (0561) 734170 Mobile: 085741561121",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 789,
"width": 42,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "~ 74 ~",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 87,
"width": 173,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hadar Dalam Diskusi Ketaatan Pada Orang Tua Bersama Tretan Muslim”. Jurnal Pemikiran dan Kebudayaan Islam Vol. 30 No. 2 Juli 2021.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
048e9f70-9e09-3298-c602-66c5701766b5 | https://publikasi.mercubuana.ac.id/index.php/viskom/article/download/17624/6517 | [
{
"left": 253,
"top": 37,
"width": 291,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Maharani ., at all : The Effectiveness of Instagram ........",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 720,
"width": 311,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Visi Komunikasi/Volume 21, No.02, Nov 2022 : 222-230",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 523,
"top": 720,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "222",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 75,
"width": 437,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INSTAGRAM @FOLKATIVE SOCIAL MEDIA AS A MEANS OF INFORMATION FOR THE YOUNG GENERATION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 163,
"top": 116,
"width": 286,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Nisa Aulia Maharani, Faja Faradila dan Wahyunengsih",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 130,
"width": 434,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Program Studi Jurnalistik FDIKOM Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta [email protected] , [email protected] [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 185,
"width": 471,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Abstract. The internet, which is a new medium, is a sign of a new period, namely the existence of interactive technology and network communication, especially in cyberspace, which will change society (Littlejohn & Foss, 2014). With the internet, information is becoming easier to spread and get anytime and anywhere. One of the new mediums is Instagram. Instagram is a social media platform that is used to send information to the public quickly. One of the things uploaded on Instagram is information about the latest news on the @folkative account. This study aims to determine whether the @folkative Instagram account is effective as a means of information for the younger generation. The method used in this study is a qualitative one with data sources from questionnaires. The conclusion from the research results obtained is that the use of social media like Instagram as a means of information for the younger generation has been effective.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 337,
"width": 455,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Keywords : Effectiveness, Social Media, Instagram, Information Facilities, Young Generation",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 365,
"width": 471,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Abstrak. Internet yang merupakan media baru merupakan tanda dari suatu periode baru, yaitu adanya teknologi interaktif dan komunikasi jaringan, khususnya dunia maya, yang akan mengubah masyarakat (Littlejohn & Foss, 2014). Dengan adanya internet, informasi menjadi lebih mudah untuk disebarkan dan didapatkan kapan saja dan dimana saja. Salah satu media baru tersebut adalah Instagram. Instagram merupakan media sosial yang digunakan untuk mengirimkan informasi kepada masyarakat secara cepat. Salah satu informasi yang diunggah di Instagram adalah informasi berita terkini di akun @folkative. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah akun Instagram @folkative efektif sebagai sarana informasi bagi generasi muda. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan sumber data dari kuesioner. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah pemanfaatan media sosial Instagram sebagai sarana informasi bagi generasi muda sudah efektif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 531,
"width": 412,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kata kunci : Efektivitas, Media Sosial, Instagram, Sarana Informasi, Generasi Muda",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 253,
"top": 37,
"width": 291,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Maharani ., at all : The Effectiveness of Instagram ........",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 720,
"width": 311,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Visi Komunikasi/Volume 21, No.02, Nov 2022 : 222-230",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 523,
"top": 720,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "223",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 102,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "INTRODUCTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 103,
"width": 220,
"height": 563,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Previous studies related to this title are as follows. First, from researchers Fauziyyah and Rina (2020), explaining the effectiveness of the @infobandungraya instagram account in meeting the information needs of followers, originating from netizens who were at the scene, and netizens who were at the scene immediately sent it to the account so that the information provided is up-to- date. Of the many social media platforms that are present to be consumed by modern society, one of them, Instagram, creates useful benefits for the delivery of new information (Zahra & Rina, 2018). The results of this study show that the effectiveness of Instagram accounts has an influence of 55.95% on meeting the information needs of followers. The research was conducted using quantitative methods. The second researcher, Febiola and Zuhri (2021), discussed the effectiveness of the Instagram account @suarasurabayamedia in meeting the information needs of City of Surabaya followers, which contains the most recent news information for City of Surabaya citizens. Based on the results of the questionnaire, it was proven that the positive response to the questionnaire related to information needs was 93.2%, while the negative response was 6.8%. The results obtained are the average score on the dimensions of the current need approach, which is 3.150. The average score on the second dimension, namely the everyday needs approach, is 3.035. Furthermore, the average score on the exhaustic need approach dimension is 3.003. Then the average score for the catching up needs approach dimension is 3.110. The results of the four dimensions are included in the effective category.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 669,
"width": 220,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The third researcher, namely Zahra and Hernawati (2021), explained the effectiveness of the @pikobar_jabar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 632,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Instagram account in meeting the information needs of followers, which contains up-to-date news information specifically for COVID- 19. The Instagram account @pikobar_jabar provides information that is in accordance with the facts on the ground. The results of the research data are: Clarity (X1) includes 85% of all respondents who agree that the @pikobar_jabar Instagram account uses language with detailed information packaging with a total of 308. This is shown to make it easier for the public to get valid information about COVID-19 in Java Barat and 83% agree that the information provided by the Instagram account @pikobar_jabar is easily understood by the audience, with a total of 312 because, in their account, language packaging in social media is very important in sharing information about COVID-19. Based on the results, the research shows that in meeting the information needs of followers, the @pikobar_jabar Instagram account is declared effective in providing information about COVID-19 in West Java. The fourth researcher, Putri (2020), explained the influence of the content of the @jktinfo Instagram account on meeting the traffic information needs of followers. @jktinfo uses social media like Instagram to spread information about the city of Jakarta and its surroundings. Based on the research, the results show that there is a strong relationship between Instagram @jktinfo content and the traffic information needs of followers. This can be seen in the correlation test, which produces a correlation value of r = 0.701, where this number shows a strong correlation. The sampling technique used random sampling, and the population of this study were followers of the Instagram account @jktinfo, with a total sample of 100 results from the Taro Yamane formula. The results of the coefficient of determination in this study indicate that 49.2% of followers' traffic information needs are influenced by the content of the @jktinfo Instagram",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 253,
"top": 37,
"width": 291,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Maharani ., at all : The Effectiveness of Instagram ........",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 720,
"width": 311,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Visi Komunikasi/Volume 21, No.02, Nov 2022 : 222-230",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 523,
"top": 720,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "224",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "account, while the remaining 51.8% are influenced by other factors not examined. The results of the hypothesis test show that the content of the @jktinfo Instagram account has a significant influence on meeting the information needs of its followers.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 172,
"width": 219,
"height": 232,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The fifth researcher, namely Puspita (2022), explained the effectiveness of the @detikcom Instagram account in meeting information needs. Based on the results of the calculation of the F table obtained, whose value is 3.0193, it is concluded that F count > F table. So there is a simultaneous or combined effect between effectiveness (independent variable X1) and social media use (independent variable X2) on information needs (dependent variable Y). It can be concluded that (Ha) is accepted and (Ho) is rejected, thus there is a significant influence between the effectiveness and use of social media on the @detikcom Instagram account in meeting the information needs of followers.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 406,
"width": 219,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The sixth researcher, namely Bahri (2021), explained the effectiveness of communication of the @republikaonline Instagram Account in fulfilling information needs for generations. Based on the results of the study, it shows that the level of satisfaction in meeting the information needs of followers is high. The percentages for the sub-variables of self-identification and internalization, which are indicators of communication effectiveness, are 92.6% and 98.1%, respectively, or are in the high or effective category.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 586,
"width": 219,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The seventh researcher, Mulia (2018), explains the effectiveness of Instagram @fuadbakh as a Da'wah medium. The results of this study explain that the Instagram account @fuadbakh has proven to be quite instrumental as a propaganda medium. This is evidenced by the 14% (high category) use of Instagram and 17% (high category) effect of da'wah on the @fuadbakh",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "account on research respondents, and the da'wah message on the @fuadbakh account as a medium for da'wah is less effective. This is evident from the results of the calculation of the R square value of 26.2%, which means that the remaining percentage is influenced by other factors. And thus the researcher's hypothesis is accepted.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 185,
"width": 219,
"height": 274,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The eighth researcher, Lidara (2022), explained the effectiveness of using Instagram @infopku_ Social Media as an Online Information Medium for Pekanbaru City. The results of this study indicate that the level of effectiveness of the use of social media like Instagram @infopku_ as an online information medium for Pekanbaru City is classified as very effective. This is supported by data collection results based on six indicators, namely the recipient of the message (receiver) by 85%, the content of the message (content) by 90.12%, media indicators by 90%, message format by 85.8%, the source of the message (source) by 82.9%, and the timing indicator by 88.1%. The conclusion obtained by using the formula for the average of all indicators is 86.98%, which is included in the very effective category.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 462,
"width": 219,
"height": 245,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Triaputri and Muljono (2022), the ninth researcher, explained what The Effectiveness of the @Infosumbar Instagram Account as a Medium for Disseminating Information on Minangkabau History and Culture The level of effectiveness of the Instagram account @infosumbar in the cognitive, affective, and conative domains for the majority of respondents is in the high category. This is because, in addition to postings uploaded by the Instagram account @infosumbar, it is able to increase the knowledge of respondents. Some of the uploaded information content is also information that is already known by the respondents. Meanwhile, respondents tend to be satisfied with uploads to the Instagram account @infosumbar and have a desire to",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 253,
"top": 37,
"width": 291,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Maharani ., at all : The Effectiveness of Instagram ........",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 720,
"width": 311,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Visi Komunikasi/Volume 21, No.02, Nov 2022 : 222-230",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 523,
"top": 720,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "225",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "actively contribute to the maintenance and preservation of Minang culture.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 103,
"width": 219,
"height": 259,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The tenth researcher, namely Sutrisno and Mayangsari (2021), explained the influence of the use of Instagram @humasbdg Social Media on Fulfilling Followers' Information Needs The results of the study explain that there is an influence from the use of social media on Instagram @humasbdg on the fulfillment of followers' information needs. There is an effect of using social media Instagram @humasbdg on the fulfillment of information needs as evidenced by hypothesis testing using t test through SPSS. We obtained t count t table (15.0021.984) and a significance value of 0.000 0.05, which means that H0 is rejected, H1 is accepted, which means that there is an influence on the use of social media Instagram @humasbdg on meeting the information needs of followers.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 365,
"width": 219,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The difference between this study and previous studies is that, first, the @folkative Instagram account conveys news information that is focused on the millennial generation. Second, the news delivered by the @folkative Instagram account is not only news from a region or within the country, but also foreign news that is currently being discussed. Third, the caption used in the @folkative Instagram account post is in English, so that foreigners can also find out what is happening in Indonesia. Fourth, in this study, we used qualitative methods, whereas in previous studies we mostly used quantitative methods.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 572,
"width": 219,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The reasons why the researcher chose the object about the effectiveness of @folkative_instagram are as follows. First, the @folkative Instagram account provides accurate and up-to-date information and news that is disseminated through posts in the form of images and videos. Second, the @folkative Instagram account disseminates news information using language that is easily accessible by the public and directly to",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "the public. Third, the @folkative Instagram account has 3.4 million followers and is well known by many people.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 116,
"width": 219,
"height": 191,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Furthermore, the reason why the researcher chose the subject of the younger generation's followers is as follows: First, the average @folkative Instagram account is followed by millennials aged 24–39 years. Second, judging by the comments on the @folkative Instagram account, millennials are more active in commenting on the account and in accordance with the vision and mission of the @folkative Instagram account, which is to become an information door for young people to explore the nation's creative culture that is packaged in a fun and easy way for young people.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 310,
"width": 219,
"height": 245,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The following is the basic theory that the researcher uses as the foundation of this research. Opinions on this topic are presented as follows: First, Hendrayady (2021) says communication is basically done through a process, and the communication process usually always begins with the thought of someone who wants to convey a message to others. The thought then becomes speech or a sign or code. Communication is the process of delivering messages that are conveyed by one person to another with the aim of getting a certain impact, whether it is a change in attitude, behavior, or action, in the hope that there are no obstacles that hinder, and if obstacles occur, then the person who sent the message can ask back to the person who delivered the previous message.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 558,
"width": 219,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Opinions on this topic are presented as follows: Second, Djamal and Fachrudin (2017) new media is a media that uses other media besides air while the content is still broadcast. So, from this definition, there are two media that fall into the new media category, namely cable television and the internet, which in this case is streaming. New media is a new development of media that has been used by humans. Its character, which is a digital form, certainly makes it easier to",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 253,
"top": 37,
"width": 291,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Maharani ., at all : The Effectiveness of Instagram ........",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 720,
"width": 311,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Visi Komunikasi/Volume 21, No.02, Nov 2022 : 222-230",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 523,
"top": 720,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "226",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "exchange information and do various other activities.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 103,
"width": 219,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Opinions on this topic are presented as follows: Third, Makheasy (2019) social media is a medium that is used to interact and socialize with each other without being limited by space and time. Social media is a phase of change in which people find, read, and share news, information, and content with others. Social media has become very popular because it provides opportunities for people to connect with the online world in the form of personal relationships, politics, or business activities.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 268,
"width": 219,
"height": 191,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Opinions on this topic are presented as follows: Fourth, according to Putri (2013), the name \"Instagram\" comes from the understanding of the overall function of the application. The word \"insta\" comes from the word \"instant\", like the Polaroid camera, which at that time was better known as the \"instant photo\". While the word \"gram\" comes from the word \"telegram\", the way telegram works is to send information to other people quickly, just as Instagram can upload photos using the internet, so that the information you want to convey can be received quickly.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 462,
"width": 219,
"height": 231,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Opinions on this topic are presented as follows: Fifth, Rasul (2008), as a medium of information, the internet can present complete information from various sources around the world. This is further clarified by the creation of various newspapers and mass media sites (newspapers, tabloids, magazines, TV) on the internet. Newspapers are on the internet; tabloids and magazines are also on the internet; even TV news is on the internet. You can read information from any country in the world via the internet. To be able to access global information, you need to master the use of foreign languages, especially English, which is an international language. International news sites usually accompany an English version of the",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "information in addition to the local language version.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 103,
"width": 219,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Based on the explanation above, this study finds the formulation of the problem, namely \"Is the @folkative Instagram account effective as a means of information for the younger generation?\". Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out whether the @folkative Instagram account is effective as a means of information for the younger generation.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 227,
"width": 219,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "In research related to the effectiveness of the @folkative Instagram account as a means of information for the younger generation, the researchers used three previous studies as research references to be reviewed by researchers, namely:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 310,
"width": 219,
"height": 259,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The first reference is a research journal created by Lidara (2022) with the title \"Effectiveness of Using Instagram @infopku_ Social Media as an Online Information Medium for Pekanbaru City\". The formulation of the problem in this research is how effective the use of social media like Instagram @infopku_ as an online information medium for the city of Pekanbaru is. The research method used is a quantitative method with data collection techniques, namely through the distribution of online questionnaires using Google Forms to followers with 100 predetermined samples, through a simple random sampling technique. The conclusion obtained by using the formula for the average of all indicators is 3.26, which is included in the very effective scale range.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 572,
"width": 219,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The second research reference is a research journal created by Zahra and Hernawati (2021) with the title \"The Effectiveness of the @pikobar_jabar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 627,
"width": 219,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Instagram Account in Meeting the Information Needs of Followers.\" The formulation of the problem in this study is how effective the @pikobar_jabar Instagram account is in meeting the information needs of its followers. This research method uses a",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 253,
"top": 37,
"width": 291,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Maharani ., at all : The Effectiveness of Instagram ........",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 720,
"width": 311,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Visi Komunikasi/Volume 21, No.02, Nov 2022 : 222-230",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 523,
"top": 720,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "227",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "quantitative approach and uses a descriptive study. The data collection technique used is in the form of a research questionnaire with 100 respondents and a study of relevant literature for this research. It can be concluded that the information provided by @pikobar_jabar is packaged in good sentences, so as to avoid misunderstanding the audience's perception. This is what is considered important, that the effectiveness of a medium not only conveys a message to the wider community, but information media such as @pikobar_jabar is very important in unifying audience perceptions of the information conveyed.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 282,
"width": 219,
"height": 342,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The third research reference, namely, a research journal created by Febiola and Zuhri (2021) entitled \"The Effectiveness of the @suarasurabayamedia Instagram Account in Fulfilling Information Needs for Followers from the City of Surabaya\". The formulation of the problem in this study is how effective the Instagram account @suarasurabayamedia is in meeting the information needs of followers from the city of Surabaya. The method used in this research is descriptive-quantitative with data sources from questionnaires and literature in accordance with the problem under study. It can be concluded that the research results obtained are the average score on the dimensions of the current need approach, which is 3.150. The average score on the second dimension, namely the everyday needs approach, is 3.035. Furthermore, the average score on the exhaustic need approach dimension is 3.003. Then the average score for the catching-up need approach dimension is 3.110. The results of the four dimensions are included in the effective category.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 627,
"width": 219,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "All three studies above, which were written as research references, have something in common, namely that this study discusses the effectiveness of Instagram accounts. The difference is that the research above uses quantitative methods.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 75,
"width": 58,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "METHOD",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 103,
"width": 219,
"height": 301,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "This study uses qualitative methods and uses two data collection techniques, namely analysis and questionnaires. In making this questionnaire, we used a Google form that contains questions that will be given to informants. This study uses a questionnaire because it is more efficient to get answers from active followers on Instagram @folkative. This questionnaire was distributed to followers of the @folkative instagram account via direct messenger (DM) to get answers relevant to this research and was distributed to young followers aged approximately 17–30 years. We give questionnaires to followers because they are followers of the @folkative Instagram account who actively follow the news provided by the account, so that we researchers can find out whether the account is effective or not. Respondents obtained as many as 38 people who are categorized by age and gender.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 420,
"width": 156,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "RESULT AND DISCUSSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 448,
"width": 219,
"height": 190,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "In research on the effectiveness of the Instagram @folkative social media account as a means of information for the younger generation using a questionnaire via google form and distributed to various social media, 42 respondents were categorized by age. The 42 respondents who filled out the google form were aged 18-21 years. The @folkative Instagram account is a digital media dissemination of information focused on young generation followers with diverse content from national and international so that this can attract the attention of the millennial generation.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 641,
"width": 219,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The questionnaire data that has been obtained by researchers during the research, obtained data as many as 32 people out of 42 respondents agree that the average respondent after following the @folkative",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 253,
"top": 37,
"width": 291,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Maharani ., at all : The Effectiveness of Instagram ........",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 720,
"width": 311,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Visi Komunikasi/Volume 21, No.02, Nov 2022 : 222-230",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 523,
"top": 720,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "228",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Instagram account gets the information needed. This is the vision and mission of the CEO of Folkative, Kenneth William (2018), who said that the vision and mission are to become a door to information for young people to explore the nation's creative culture which is packaged in a fun and easy-to- understand manner.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 185,
"width": 220,
"height": 522,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The information posted on Instagram @folkative can be received by followers, this can be proven from the results obtained in the questionnaire that has been distributed and 29 respondents agree with this. However, 4 respondents disagreed because the explanation in the caption of the @folkative Instagram account was only an outline of the news, so it was less comprehensive and detailed in explaining what was happening. Posts on the @folkative Instagram account are easy for followers to understand, this was answered in the affirmative by 32 respondents. The @folkative Instagram account provides useful information for its followers, and 29 respondents agreed. 34 respondents agreed that the @folkative Instagram account provides information that is by following the facts and up-to-date for its followers. 31 people agree that the information posted by the @folkative Instagram account is accurate. The @folkative Instagram account always uses clear, concise, and easy-to-understand language, as said \"In addition to providing up-to-date information to young people, we also have a characteristic in every post in the form of writing with a simple design that is easy to read, but directly to-the-point to its readers, so that it can be seen that the engagement generated from one post has an extraordinary impact\" Kenneth William (2018). this can be seen from the results of a questionnaire of as many as 34 people. According to Van Dijk (2013), social media is a media platform that focuses on the existence of users who are facilitated in online activities as well as collaboration.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Therefore, the @folkative Instagram account is the right media for online information media because 37 respondents agreed. This is also what Littlejohn and Foss (2011) say in the uses and gratification theory which views individuals as active beings who are very careful in choosing which media to use to meet their needs. And 40 respondents agreed that the @folkative Instagram account came from a clear source. this can be seen from the questionnaire results that 34 people agreed to this.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 241,
"width": 219,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "In this Instagram, account @folkative uses two languages, namely Indonesian and English. This is done so that the information provided is not only known by Indonesians, but foreigners can also find out information. So the respondents also agree and like it, because it helps to learn foreign languages.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 351,
"width": 90,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "CONCLUSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 379,
"width": 219,
"height": 328,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Based on the results of the research that has been studied by researchers, the @folkative Instagram account is an Instagram account that target for the millennial generation, the Instagram account also provides information needed by its followers, and the information in the account is made clear so that the followers of the @folkative Instagram account understand the information posted on the Instagram account, however, the explanation in the caption of the @folkative Instagram account is less detailed. (Redaksi, 2022)More than 32 respondents agreed that posts on the @folkative Instagram account are easy to understand and provide information that is facts and up to date for followers. The @folkative Instagram account always uses clear, concise, and easy-to- understand language. Each post also uses two languages, namely English and Indonesian. This is done so that the information provided is not only known by Indonesians, but foreigners can also find out this information. So the respondents also agree and like it,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 253,
"top": 37,
"width": 291,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Maharani ., at all : The Effectiveness of Instagram ........",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 720,
"width": 311,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Visi Komunikasi/Volume 21, No.02, Nov 2022 : 222-230",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 523,
"top": 720,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "229",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 219,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "because it helps to learn foreign languages. 37 respondents agreed that the @folkative Instagram account is the right social media as online information media. This is what Littlejohn and Foss (2011) say in the uses and gratification theory which views individuals as active beings who are very careful in choosing which media to use to meet their needs.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 213,
"width": 87,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "REFERENCES",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 241,
"width": 219,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Fauziyyah, S. N., & Rina, N. (2020). Literasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 254,
"width": 184,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Media Digital: Efektivitas Akun Instagram @infobandungraya Terhadap Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Informasi Follower. MEDIALOG: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 13-24.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 324,
"width": 219,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Febiola, F. A., & Zuhri, S. (2021). Efektivitas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 337,
"width": 184,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Akun Instagram @suarasurabayamedia dalam Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Informasi bagi Followers dari Kota Surabaya.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 393,
"width": 183,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi dan Bisnis, 21-38.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 420,
"width": 220,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Zahra, P., & Hernawati, R. (2021). EFEKTIVITAS AKUN INSTAGRAM @PIKOBAR_JABAR DALAM MEMENUHI KEBUTUHAN INFORMASI FOLLOWERS. Prosiding Hubungan Masyarakat, 27- 30. Putri, A. E. (2020). PENGARUH KONTEN",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 544,
"width": 184,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "AKUN INSTAGRAM @JKTINFO",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 558,
"width": 184,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "TERHADAP PEMENUHAN",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 572,
"width": 220,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "KEBUTUHAN INFORMASI LALU LINTAS FOLLOWERS. JURNAL IKON AGUSTUS, 129-141. Puspita, N. A. (2022). Efektivitas Media",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 75,
"width": 437,
"height": 618,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sosial Akun Instagram @detikcom dalam Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Informasi. Jurnal PIKMA : Publikasi Ilmu komunikasi Media dan Cinema, 112-117. LIDARA, A. W. (2022). EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM @INFOPKU_ SEBAGAI MEDIA INFORMASI ONLINE KOTA PEKANBARU. 1- 87.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 158,
"width": 220,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "BAHRI, A. N. (2021). Efektivitas Komunikasi Akun Instagram @Republikaonline Terhadap Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Informasi Bagi Generasi Milenial Muslim. 1-71. Triaputri, A., & Muljono, P. (2022). Efektivitas Akun Instagram @Infosumbar sebagai Media Penyebaran Informasi Sejarah dan Budaya Minangkabau. Jurnal Sains Komunikasi dan Pengembangan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 310,
"width": 108,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Masyarakat, 467-479.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 324,
"width": 219,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sutrisno, A. P., & Mayangsari, I. D. (2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 337,
"width": 220,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM @HUMASBDG TERHADAP PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN INFORMASI FOLLOWERS. Jurnal Common, 118-133. Makhmudah, S. (2019). Medsos dan Dampaknya Bagi Perilaku Keagamaan Remaja. Jakarta: Guepedia.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 475,
"width": 219,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Djamal, H., & Fachruddin, A. (2017). Dasar- dasar Penyiaran: Sejarah, Organisasi, Operasional, dan Regulasi. Jakarta: Prenada Media.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 531,
"width": 219,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hendrayady, e. a. (2021). Pengantar Ilmu Komunikasi. Bandung: Media Sains",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 558,
"width": 219,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Indonesia. Redaksi. (2022, Agustus 23). Diambil kembali dari Topreneur.id:",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 600,
"width": 220,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "https://www.topreneur.id/berita/bisni s/startup/folkative-alternatif-media- yang-menarik-atensi-anak-muda/ Putri, A. E. (2020). PENGARUH KONTEN AKUN INSTAGRAM @JKTINFO TERHADAP PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN INFORMASI LALU LINTAS FOLLOWERS (Survei",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 253,
"top": 37,
"width": 291,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Maharani ., at all : The Effectiveness of Instagram ........",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 720,
"width": 311,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Visi Komunikasi/Volume 21, No.02, Nov 2022 : 222-230",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 523,
"top": 720,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "230",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 75,
"width": 183,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Terhadap Followers Akun Instagram @jktinfo). 129-141.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
9ba267c8-93f1-4a1a-4765-5f63961596c1 | https://e-journal.upr.ac.id/index.php/JBL/article/download/550/481 | [
{
"left": 69,
"top": 39,
"width": 192,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan BALANGA ISSN 2338-426X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 421,
"top": 44,
"width": 127,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 7 No. 1 Januari-Juni 2019:6-9",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 548,
"top": 768,
"width": 7,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 86,
"width": 427,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "T HE I MPLEMENTATION O F S OFTSKILL ESSENCES O N V OCATIONAL E DUCATION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 155,
"top": 115,
"width": 310,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "I MPLEMENTASI N ILAI -N ILAI S OFTSKILL P ADA P ENDIDIKAN K EJURUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 194,
"top": 148,
"width": 231,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sukardi 1) , Ahmad Eko Suryanto 2) , Ratna Pancawati 3) 1), 2), 3) Program Studi Pendidikan Teknik Mesin, FKIP, UPR Kampus Unpar Tunjung Nyaho, Jl. H. Timang, 73111A",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 240,
"top": 198,
"width": 138,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-mail: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 222,
"width": 46,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 234,
"width": 434,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "At present days stakeholders require the graduates who have the technical skills (Hardskill) as well possess the soft skills. The Hardskills are just not sufficient to deal with the qualification of employers in the real-world of workplace, but need to be equipped with soft skills in order to shape the integrated capabilities as needed by users. To form the student’s soft skills can be implemented through the coaching program in formal learning activities and extracurricular activities. The softskill development of students is necessary to be achieved with concrete efforts, namely: 1) the existence of policies that legalize the implementation of soft skill based on the extracurricular activities in each education unit; 2) systematic and planned soft skills development program; and 3) the softskill dissemination is carried out synergistically involving all parties.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 335,
"width": 213,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Hardskill, Softskill, Vocational Education.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 359,
"width": 39,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 371,
"width": 435,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Saat ini stakeholders menginginkan lulusan yang selain memiliki kemampuan teknikal ( hardskill ) juga memiliki softskill. Hardskill saja tidak cukup untuk menjawab kebutuhan pengguna jasa di dunia kerja, namun perlu dilengkapi dengan softskill agar dapat terbentuk kemampuan yang terintegrasi sesuai yang dibutuhkan oleh pengguna. Untuk membentuk softskill peserta didik caranya dapat dilakukan melalui pembinaan pada aktifitas pembelajaran dan aktifitas ekstrakurikuler. Pembinaan softskill peserta didik, perlu dilakukan dengan upaya nyata yaitu: 1) adanya kebijakan yang melegalisasi pelaksanaan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler berbasis softskill di masing-masing satuan pendidikan; 2) penyusunan program pengembangan softskill secara sistematis dan terencana; dan 3) implementasi softskill dilakukan dengan sinergis yang melibatkan semua pihak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 471,
"width": 211,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci: Hardskill, Softskill, Pendidikan Kejuruan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 499,
"width": 68,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 511,
"width": 240,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendidikan Kejuruan memiliki peran terhadap pengembangan kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) yang bermanfaat bagi masyarakat, dunia industri (Dudi) dan pembangunan nasional. Pendidikan Kejuruan dijelaskan dalam Undang-Undang tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional Nomor 20 Tahun 2003, mempunyai tujuan menyiapkan peserta didik untuk siap memasuki dunia kerja. Sementara itu, kemajuan teknologi yang diaplikasikan di industri menuntut adanya SDM yang memiliki kemampuan beradaptasi dan daya saing.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 633,
"width": 240,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tingkat persaingan SDM di pasar kerja nasional dan internasional terus meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan pemanfaatan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi baru pada berbagai bidang dan kebutuhan tingkat profesionalisme yang semakin tinggi. Namun, realitasnya sebagaimana pernyataan Kepala Dirjen Dikdasmen Depdiknas, Suyanto menyatakan bahwa “hasil studi hanya 50% lulusan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan yang terserap dunia industri” (Suara Merdeka, 20 Mei 2009). Data Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Tahun 2008 juga mencatat jumlah pengangguran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 499,
"width": 242,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "lulusan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan lebih dari 1,6 juta orang (17,26%) dari 9,39 juta. Kementrian Pendidikan Nasional Joko Sutrisno (dalam Kompas.com, 2010) menyatakan bahwa rata-rata hanya 10% tiap tahunnya siswa lulusan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan yang melanjutkan ke perguruan tinggi, dan 50% terserap dunia kerja. Dengan demikian 40% lainnya masih diragukan keberadaannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 597,
"width": 240,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BPS mencatat bahwa angka pengangguran terbuka Indonesia mencapai 7,7 juta orang pada Agustus 2011. Jumlah 6,56% dari total angkatan kerja berdasarkan pendidikan dan didominasi lulusan SMA dan SMK. BPS juga menyebutkan pada Februari 2011, tingkat pengangguran terbuka tertinggi lulusan SMA mencapai 10,66% dan SMK sebesar 10,43%, (http://www.neraca.co.id/2011). Berdasarkan data terbaru dari BPS, jumlah penggangguran di Indonesia masih terbilang sangat besar. Pada periode Agustus 2012 mencapai 7,2 juta orang, lulusan SMA/SMK paling banyak menyumbang angka pengangguran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 769,
"width": 192,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan BALANGA ISSN 2338-426X",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 44,
"width": 174,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sukardi, Ahmad Eko Suryanto, Ratna Pancawati",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 421,
"top": 44,
"width": 127,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 7, No. 1, Januari-Juni 2019:6-9",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 543,
"top": 768,
"width": 7,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 88,
"width": 240,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Angka pengangguran berdasarkan level kelulusan pendidikan yang pertama adalah Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) 9,87%, Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) 9,6%, Sekolah Menengah Pertama 7,76%, Diploma I/II/III 6,21%, Universitas 5,91%, dan SD ke bawah dengan 3,64%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 161,
"width": 240,
"height": 132,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fenomena ini menunjukan bahwa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan belum mampu memenuhi harapan. Tingginya angka pengangguran lulusan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan menujukkan bahwa mutu pendidikan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan dengan kehidupan nyata masih rendah. Sisi lain tidak terserapnya lulusan, sebagian besar lulusan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan di Indonesia bukan saja kurang mampu menyesuaikan diri dengan perkembangan ilmu dan teknologi tetapi juga kurang mampu mengembangkan diri dan karirnya di tempat kerja (Depdiknas, 2004).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 295,
"width": 240,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penyelenggaraan pendidikan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan mengacu kepada tiga aspek pembentuk kompetensi, yakni 1) kognitif atau pengetahuan dan pemahaman konsep, 2) afektif yaitu kecenderungan emosional dalam menerima suatu kompetensi, dan 3) psikomotor atau tindakan yang dilandasi dengan penjiwaan (Sukmara, 2007). Dengan demikian keberhasilan pendidikan kejuruan bukan hanya dilihat dari segi ketrampilan (hardskill) saja, melainkan juga aspek lain yang saling mempengaruhi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 417,
"width": 240,
"height": 133,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hardskill dalam dunia kerja tidak menjadi persoalan, kerena industri berasumsi bahwa hardskill dapat ditransfer kepada siswa dengan waktu yang lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan sikap dan pengetahuan yang membutuhkan proses yang panjang. Selama ini proses bembelajaran lebih berorientasi pada hardskill yakni keterampilan teknis dalam membuat/ memproduksi barang atau jasa sesuai tuntutan pasar. Hal ini dipertegas oleh Santoso, (2008) (dalam Sudjimat, 2010) bahwa 90% pendidikan menitikberatkan pada hardskill , sedangkan softskill hanya 10%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 552,
"width": 240,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil research di Eropa menunjukkan bahwa softskill memiliki peran penting dalam menentukan kesuksesan seseorang dalam dunia kerja. Hardskill merupakan persyaratan minimal (20%) bagi seseorang untuk memasuki bidang pekerjaan tertentu, sedangkan softskill (80%) akan menentukan pengembangan diri dalam suatu pekerjaan. Namun bukan berarti mengabaikan hardskill dalam dunia usaha dan dunia kerja atau dunia bisnis lainnya. Oleh karena itu menjadi tantangan dunia pendidikan kejuruan untuk mengintegrasikan softskill dan hardskill agar mampu menyiapkan SDM secara utuh yang memiliki kemampuan bekerja dan berkembang di masa depan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 711,
"width": 240,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan uraian masalah yang telah dikemukakan, tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah : (1) Mengkaji hubungan antara softskill dengan kesuksesan karir di dunia kerja, dan (2) Mengkaji model",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 88,
"width": 240,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pengembangan pembelajaran softskill dalam pendidikan kejuruan yang dapat mengintegrasikan kemampuan hardskill dan softskill secara terpadu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 136,
"width": 69,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 150,
"width": 230,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A. Hubungan Softskill dengan Kesuksesan Karir di Dunia Kerja",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 177,
"width": 240,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Softskill merupakan keterampilan dalam berhubungan dengan orang lain atau interpersonal skills dan keterampilan dalam mengatur dirinya sendiri atau intrapersonal skills yang mampu mengembangkan unjuk kerja secara maksimal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 238,
"width": 241,
"height": 119,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Atribut softskill dimiliki oleh setiap orang kadarnya berbeda-beda, dipengaruhi oleh kebiasaan berfikir, berkata, bertindak, dan bersikap. Namun, atribut ini dapat berubah dengan berlatih membiasakan diri dengan hal- hal yang baru (Saillah, 2008). Atribut softskills yang dibutuhkan di dalam dunia kerja dibagi menjadi 3 tingkatan, yaitu 1) Mastered : seharusnya dikuasai dan sangat penting, 2) Some mastery ; seharusnya dikuasai berfungsi sebagai pelengkap, dan 3) Not yet mastey ; sebagai pelengkap kesuksesan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 623,
"width": 104,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber : Santoso (2008)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 647,
"width": 240,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Era global, negara membutuhkan tenaga kerja yang kompetitif, adaptif dan antisipatif, terbuka terhadap perubahan, mampu belajar, terampil, mudah dilatih ulang, memiliki keterampilan dasar yang luas dan mampu mengembangkan diri. Berdasarkan beberapa penelitian, tenaga kerja yang baik harus memiliki softskill (kepemimpinan, kepribadian, dan motivasi), (Widarto dan Wijanarka, 2012). Untuk dapat mengikuti tatanan dunia global, Wagner (2008), dalam buku The Gap Prestasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 781,
"width": 192,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan BALANGA ISSN 2338-426X",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 44,
"width": 174,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sukardi, Ahmad Eko Suryanto, Ratna Pancawati",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 421,
"top": 44,
"width": 127,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 7, No. 1, Januari-Juni 2019:1-5",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 543,
"top": 779,
"width": 7,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 76,
"width": 240,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "global menulis tujuh kemampuan keterampilan bertahan hidup di era global, yaitu: (1) berpikir kritis dan problem solving , (2) kolaborasi di dalam networks dan kepemimpinan, (3) agility dan adaptasi, (4) inisiasi dan entrepreneursip , (5) komunikasi lisan dan tertulis, (6) mengakses dan menganalisis informasi, dan (7) rasa ingin tahu dan imajinasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 161,
"width": 240,
"height": 169,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Softskill merupakan kemampuan yang dapat meningkatkan kinerja kerja seseorang dan prospek karir. Softskill membantu individu untuk mengembangkan keterampilan kerja dan membuat mereka percaya diri untuk bekerja dalam lingkungan kerja yang berorientasi pada kinerja. Sehubungan dengan hal ini, adalah tugas para pendidik untuk mempersiapkan lulusan untuk menjadi kompetitif didunia kerja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lulusan yang memiliki softskill seperti sikap positif, komunikatif, pemecahan masalah dan lain-lain, memiliki jauh lebih baik kemungkinan bertahan di dunia kerja dibandingkan dengan lulusan yg kurang dalam keterampilan softskill -nya (Al-Mamun, 2012).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 332,
"width": 228,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B. Model Pembelajaran Untuk Mengintegrasikan Kemampuan Hardskill Dan Softskill",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 359,
"width": 239,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendidikan merupakan proses dimana peserta didik akan memiliki pengetahuan (kognitif), sikap (apektif) dan ketrampilan (psikomotorik) guna bekal hidup yang layak di tengah-tengah masyarakat. Proses ini mencakup peningkatan intelektual, personal dan kemampuan sosial yang diperlukan bagi peserta didik sehingga tidak saja berguna bagi diri pribadi dan keluarga tetapi juga keberadaannya bermanfaat bagi masyarakat. Maka strategi yang dikembangkan dalam kurikulum pendidikan nasional harus selalu berdasarkan pada ketiga ranah di tersebut, baik dalam proses pembelajaran maupun evaluasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 469,
"width": 239,
"height": 217,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sejalan dengan pengertian tersebut, Unesco (dalam Hary, 2008) menyatakan bahwa tujuan belajar yang dilakukan oleh peserta didik harus dilandaskan pada empat pilar yaitu learning how to know, learning how to do, learning how to be, dan learning how to live together . Dua landasan yang pertama mengandung maksud bahwa proses belajar yang dilakukan peserta didik mengacu pada kemampuan mengaktualisasikan pengatahuan dan ketrampilan yang dimiliki masing-masing individu dalam menghadapi segala jenis pekerjaan berdasarkan basis pendidikan yang dimilikinya. Dengan kata lain peserta didik memiliki kompetensi yang memungkinkan mereka untuk dapat bersaing memasuki dunia kerja. Sedangkan dua landasan lainya mengacu pada kemampuan mengaktualisasikan berbagai kemampuan yang ada pada masing-masing individu dalam suatu keteraturan sistemik menuju suatu tujuan bersama. Maksudnya bahwa untuk dapat menjadi seseorang yang diinginkan yang dapat hidup berdampingan bersama orang lain baik di tempat kerja maupun di masyarakat, harus mengembangkan sikap toleran, simpati, empati, emosi, etika dan unsur psikologis lain, dan inilah yang disebut dengan softskill .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 688,
"width": 240,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Guru/dosen memiliki peran penting dalam menentukan arah dan tujuan pembelajaran. Kemampuan yang dikembangkan tidak hanya ranah kognitif dan psikomotorik semata yang ditandai dengan penguasaan materi pelajaran, melainkan harus juga pada ranah kepribadian peserta didik. Pada ranah ini peserta didik harus menumbuhkan rasa percaya diri sehingga menjadi manusia yang mampu mengenal dirinya sendiri yakni manusia yang berkepribadian yang mantap dan mandiri,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 75,
"width": 239,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "manusia utuh yang memiliki kemantapan emosional dan intelektual, yang mengenal dirinya, yang mengendalikan dirinya dengan konsisten dan memiliki rasa empati.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 108,
"width": 240,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendidikan softskill harusnya diuraikan di dalam kurikulum yaitu dalam proses belajar mengajar, dan hidden curiculum , yaitu dalam bentuk aturan bagaimana berinteraksi antara guru/dosen, karyawan, dan murid-murid lain dalam kehidupan di kelas secara nyata.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 163,
"width": 240,
"height": 152,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Al-hafizh (2013), menguraikan beberapa pendapat ahli kurikulum yang mengajukan konsepsi maupun pengertian tentang hidden curriculum , seperti: 1) Dreeben memfokuskan pada apa yang dipelajari di kelas sebagai suatu fungsi struktur sosial kelas dan latihan otoritas guru/dosen, 2) Kolhberg mengidentifikasikan hidden curriculum sebagai hal yg berhubungan dengan pendidikan moral dan peranan guru/ dosen dalam mentransformasikan nilai moral, 3) Henry cenderung pada hubungan antara peserta didik dengan guru/dosen, aturan untuk mengatur hubungan tersebut dan peranan aturan ini dalam mendidik untuk kepatuhan (decolitas), 4) Goodman, Friedenberg, Reiner & Illich menggunakan konsepsi hidden curriculum sebagai aturan untuk mengidentifikasikan dan menjelaskan penguatan kelas dan norma sosial tertentu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 317,
"width": 241,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendidikan softskill harus menjadi gerakan simultan dalam kelas, melibatkan semua pihak yaitu pimpinan, guru/dosen, karyawan, peserta didik, pemerintah, dan masyarakat. Aspek softskill yang dikembangkan dikarakterisasi berdasarkan kebutuhan masyarakat lokal dan dunia industri yang menjadi mitra. Pendidikan softskill dimulai dari peserta didik masuk kelas, selama proses pembelajaran, sampai menjadi lulusan. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa mulai di pintu gerbang sekolah untuk kembali ke luar gerbang sekolah selalu mendapatkan pendidikan softskill . Pendidikan tersebut akan menjadi kebiasaan, dan jika kebiasaan diinternalisasikan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari maka akan menjadi budaya. Sebagai suatu kegiatan yang tidak boleh dilupakan, bahwa pendidikan softskill adalah program yang harus terus dievaluasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 493,
"width": 241,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Johnson (dalam Mariah dan Sugandi, 2010), menyatakan bahwa pengembangan softskill dalam pendidikan harus berlandaskan pada kehidupan nyata, berpikir tingkat tinggi, aplikatif, belajar berbasis masalah, pengajaran autentik, pengajaran berbasis relevansi, belajar berbasis proyek, belajar berbasis kerja, belajar berbasis layanan, dan belajar kooperatif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 579,
"width": 240,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Membekali peserta didik dengan softskill tidak berarti menambah mata pelajaran baru, tapi memberi nilai/makna pada pembelajaran. Hakikat pendidikan adalah memanusiakan manusia, sehingga pembelajaran mengarah kepada learning to know (knowing more), learning to do (doing best), learning to be (being better), dan learning to live together (living in harmony).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 664,
"width": 240,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari sekian banyak model pembelajaran, beberapa di antaranya sangat baik untuk melatihkan softskill pada peserta didik, dan model-model tersebut antara lain Cooperative Learning (CL), Experiential Learning (EL) dan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) (Mariah, Sugandi 2010, dan Widyawati, 2011).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 737,
"width": 240,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengembangan softskills dapat dilakukan melalui beberapa cara, antara lain:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 781,
"width": 192,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan BALANGA ISSN 2338-426X",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 44,
"width": 174,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sukardi, Ahmad Eko Suryanto, Ratna Pancawati",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 421,
"top": 44,
"width": 127,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 7, No. 1, Januari-Juni 2019:1-5",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 543,
"top": 780,
"width": 7,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 88,
"width": 240,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a) Pengembangan Softskill Melalui Pembelajaran Afektif Untuk mengasah softskill idealnya seorang memiliki kehidupan yang seimbang antara aktivitas akademik dan non-akademik. Dalam pembelajaran, faktor yang sangat berpengaruh adalah dimulai dari guru/dosen. Guru/dosen harus bisa menjadi living example . Dari mulai disiplin, kemunikatif, kepemimpinan, dan lain sebagainya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 173,
"width": 187,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b) Pengembangan Softskills Melalui Kegiatan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 185,
"width": 130,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ekstrakurikuler (non Akademik)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 198,
"width": 240,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Banyak hal yang bisa dipelajari oleh para peserta didik dengan kegiatan non akademik, antara lain: 1) mengembangkan bakat, 2) melatih kemampuan berorganisasi, kolaboratif, dan berkomunikasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 247,
"width": 240,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembinaan dalam pengembangan softskill selayaknya dilakukan secara terintegrasi antara kegiatan kurikuler dan ekstrakurikuler. Pada kegiatan kurikuler, muatan softskill ini perlu dibina dan dikembangkan dalam berbagai kegiatan, metode dan model pembelajaran. Sementara itu, dalam kegiatan ekstrakurikuler dapat dilakukan pembinaan secara terprogram dalam bentuk legalisasi atau kebijakan lembaga pendidikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 344,
"width": 240,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari berbagai masukan, baik berasal dari industri maupun penelitian diketahui bahwa kegiatan non akademik (ekstrakurikuler) merupakan wahana yang sangat efektif dalam pengembangan/ pembinaan softskill . Proses pembinaan ini harus selalu dilakukan secara terencana dan terpadu. Penguasaan hardskil diibaratkan sebagai kekuatan roda belakang sepeda sebagai kekuatan yang mendorong arah sepeda. Sementara itu, softskill sebagai roda depan yang mengatur arah, akan dibawa ke mana sepeda tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 466,
"width": 239,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c) Pengembangan Softskills Melalui Praktek Kerja Industri",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 491,
"width": 240,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Harapan utama penyelenggaraan praktik di dunia usaha/industri di samping keahlian profesional meningkat sesuai dengan tuntutan kebutuhan dunia usaha/industri, diharapkan juga peserta didik akan memiliki etos kerja yang meliputi: kemampuan bekeja sama tim, memiliki motivasi bekerja, inisiatif, kreatifitas, hasil pekerjaan yang berkualitas, disiplin waktu dan kerajinan dalam bekerja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 576,
"width": 240,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Oleh sebab itu, program praktik kerja industri pada pendidikan kejuruan harus terencana, terlaksana, dan dievaluasi dengan sistematis dan terprogram dengan baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 627,
"width": 63,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 640,
"width": 242,
"height": 132,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Saat ini pengguna jasa atau stakeholders menginginkan lulusan yang selain memiliki kemampuan teknikal (hardskill) juga memiliki softskills seperti motivasi tinggi, kemampuan beradaptasi, kompetensi interpersonal, dan orientasi nilai yang menunjukkan kinerja yang efektif. Dengan kata lain, kemampuan kognitif (hardskills) saja tidak cukup memadai untuk menjawab kebutuhan pengguna jasa di dunia kerja, namun perlu dilengkapi dengan softskills yang tinggi agar dapat terbentuk kemampuan yang terintegrasi dan mempunyai kompetensi yang dibutuhkan oleh pengguna.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 88,
"width": 240,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk membentuk softskill peserta didik caranya dapat dilakukan melalui pembinaan pada aktifitas pembelajaran dan aktifitas ekstrakurikuler.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 124,
"width": 241,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk mengoptimalkan pembinaan softskill peserta didik, perlu dilakukan dengan beberapa upaya nyata, di antaranya: 1) adanya kebijakan yg melegalisasi pelaksanaan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler berbasis softskill di masing-masing satuan pendidikan; 2) penyusunan program pengembangan softskill secara sistematis; dan 3) implementasi nilai softskill dilakukan dengan sinergis yang melibatkan semua pihak. Dengan demikian, pendidikan sebagai sistem selalu melibatkan adanya interaksi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 248,
"width": 75,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 260,
"width": 240,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[1]. Al-Mamun, A. 2012. The Softskills Education for the Vocational Graduate: Value as Work Readiness Skills. British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, 2(4): 326-338.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 309,
"width": 240,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[2]. Hary. 2008. Mengembangkan Softskill Siswa. (online)(http://harysmk3.wordpress.com/2008/01/1 0/mengembangkan-soft-skill-siswa)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 346,
"width": 240,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[3]. Mariah, S. dan Sugandi, M. 2010. Kesenjangan Softskills Lulusan SMK Dengan Kebutuhan Tenaga Kerja Di Industri. Jurnal Inovasi dan Perekayasa Pendidikan Vol. 3 Tahun Ke-1",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 394,
"width": 240,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[4]. Santoso, S. 2008. Profil Softskills Guru Prodi Teknik Gambar Bangunan Bidang Keahlian Teknik Bangunan di SMKN 1 Nganjuk. Jurnal. (online)(http://slametsantosomultiply.com/journal/i tem/8)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 455,
"width": 240,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[5]. Saillah, I. 2008. Pengembangan Softskill di Perguruan Tinggi. LPPM ITB",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 480,
"width": 242,
"height": 132,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[6]. Sudjimat, D. A. 2010. Pengembangan Model Pendidikan Softskill Melalui Pembelajaran Pada Prodi Pendidikan Teknik Mesin FT UM. Jurnal Vol. 33, No. 2, Malang: Universitas Negeri Malang [7]. Sobandi, B. 2009. Optimalisasi Softskill Melalui Pembinaan Organisasi Kemahasiswaan. Lokakarya Peningkatan Intensitas dan Volume Kegiatan Kemahasiswaan Melalui Workshop Pengembangan Soft Skill Mahasiswa Universitas Bung Hatta Padang. [8]. Tim Penyusun. 2009. Draft Buku Panduan Penerapan Softskill. Universitas Negeri Gorontalo.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 614,
"width": 240,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[9]. Widyawati, S. 2011. Pengembangan Softskill dalam Pendidikan Sebagai Bekal Kewirausahaan. Jurnal Seni Budaya Vol. 9 No.1. ISI Surakarta",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 651,
"width": 240,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[10]. Widarto dan Wijanarka, B.S. (Tanpa Tahun). Softskills Education For Preparing Vocational Secondary High School In Producing Skilled Graduates. International Seminar on Vocational Education and Training ISBN: 978-602-97249-0-5.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
3fb53136-7998-9452-af1c-0208f9ae5731 | https://jurnal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/lisanuna/article/download/4553/2989 | [
{
"left": 218,
"top": 37,
"width": 159,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LISANUNA, Vol. 8, No. 2 (2018)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 780,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "62",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 214,
"top": 85,
"width": 167,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ميركلا نآرقلا نم هط ةروس يف للاعلإا )ةيفرص ةيليلحت ةسارد(",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 229,
"top": 137,
"width": 138,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muh. Haris Zubaidillah Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 260,
"top": 185,
"width": 77,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "لختسم ص ثحبلا",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 210,
"width": 429,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ؼرح بلقي فأ وى ؿلاعلإا .لعفلاك مسلاا في ةٌلعلا ؼربح قٌلعتي مذٌلا ؼرصلا ملع نم ءزج ؿلاعلإا كأ ؼذيح كأ وكٌرحتل رخآ ةٌلعلا ؼربح ةٌلعلا يهف ؿلاعلإا عاونأ اٌمأك .نكسي كأ ةٌلعلا ؼرح ٌللز ٌليح",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 258,
"width": 430,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "لحاب ؿلاعلإا ؼذ لاب ؿلاعلإاك بلق لاب ؿلاعلإاك بْكست لاب ؿلاعلإاك ةزملذا ؿلاعإك لقن . اذى نم ضارغلأاك ةفرعم يى ثحبلا لآا هف ؿلاعلإا نم عاونأ ةفرعمك ؿلاعلإا اههف قي بٌٍلا وه ةروس في تاي اه عون ةفرعمك هف رثكلأا ؿلاعلإا اه .",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 306,
"width": 429,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "الذ بٌٍلا تاناهبلا رداصم نع ثبح ثحبلا اذى مأ ،اٌهبتكم اثبح ثحبلا اذى فوكيك فومضلدا لهلتح ةقيرطب وه ةروس في ؿلاعلإاب ةقلاع . ف",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 330,
"width": 208,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "،بتاكلا اهلٌلح فأ دعب يملعلا ثحبلا اذى جئاتن",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 354,
"width": 430,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "دجك 83 )بْثلاثك فاثم( ةيآ لحاب ؿلاعلإا اههف قي بٌٍلا ذ ؼ ك 79 )بْعستك بس( ةيآ اههف قي بٌٍلا لاب ؿلاعلإا بلق ك 9 ) بس( آ تاي لاب ؿلاعلإا اههف قي بٌٍلا بْكست ك 22 )نيرشعك بْتنثا( ةيآ قي بٌٍلا لاب ؿلاعلإا اههف ك لقن 83 )بْثلاثك فاثم( ةيآ اههف قي بٌٍلا ةزملذا ؿلاعإ . لك وه ةروس في قيك أ ون ا ع ؿلاعلإا ؼذلحاب ؿلاعلإا نم",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 425,
"width": 297,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ؿلاعإ كلذكك لقنلاب ؿلاعلإاك بْكستلاب ؿلاعلإاك بلقلاب ؿلاعلإاك",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 199,
"top": 449,
"width": 312,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ةزملذا . ك اٌمأ عون ؿلاعلإا مذٌلا رثكي عوقك و في وه ةروس وهف ؿلاعلإا بلقلاب . :ةيحاتفملا تاملكلا وه ةروس ،ؿلاعلإا",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 478,
"top": 522,
"width": 33,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ةمدقملا",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 546,
"width": 393,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "رئاس ىلع انلضفك فاسحلإا فئاطلك معنلا عاونأب انهلع معنأ دق لذلا لله دملحا مهلعتب وقلخ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 570,
"width": 429,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ".بُعلدا ثهح نم ةدحتم ،ظفللا ثهح نم ةفلتلس ةغلب انقطنف ،قطنلا انملذاك فاهبلاك ملعلا فأ انفرع دقك للها ولعج لذلا زيزعلا باتكلا ةمدخ ءرلدا وهلإ ىعسي ام لضفأك ؿامعلأا لحاص نم فاسنلإا ومدقي امبّخ بلق ىلع بْملأا حكرلا وب ؿزنك ةيرشبلا ىلع بًماك ةيكامسلا تلااسرلا وب متخك ،ةهناسنلإل ءاهضك ارون لا ،بْملسلدا روتسد وهف .بْبم بيرع فاسلب ،مهكلحا ؿوسرلا ،وفلخ نم لاك ويدي بْب نم لهابلا وهتأي",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 666,
"width": 429,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ": لاعك لج للها ؿاق امك .دهحم مهكح نم ليزنت ىفويلًقٍعىػت ٍميكَّلىعىل اِّهًبىرىع اننآٍريػق يهاىنٍلىزٍػنىأ اَّنًإ :فسوي( ِ .) امأ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 690,
"width": 429,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "دصلدا ىهف .ةفص كأ ريرقت كأ لعف كأ ؿوق نم ملسك وهلع للها ىلص بىنلا نع رثأ ام ىهف ةرهطلدا ةنسلا ر",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 218,
"top": 37,
"width": 159,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LISANUNA, Vol. 8, No. 2 (2018)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 780,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "63",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 85,
"width": 429,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ةحمر ثعب لذلا يملأا بينلا فاسل ،بْبم بيرع فاسلب اضيأ ىىك ،نًركلا للها باتك دعب نىاثلا ىعيرشتلا .بْلداعلل لك فى فإ ةيآ مهف فوكي لاك .اهفكرح فى كلاذكك اههناعمك اهظفل فى ارارسأ دهّٓا فآرقلا نم",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 157,
"width": 429,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "لاإ احهحص ةرخلآاك اهندلا بّخ لىإ لصولدا ولوسرك للها ـلاك نياعم ةغللا بهلاسأ ىضتقم وهف يعكر اذإ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 181,
"width": 426,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ".اهمولعك ةهبرعلا ك ،بْملسلداب اقهثك اهابترا ةهبرعلا ةغللا تطبترا انى نمك بجك بيرعلا ؿوقلا ةفرعم مههلع ت",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 205,
"width": 430,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "نم درفم بُعم ا سأك هدعاوقك وت اله في وب هب ـأ فآرقلا في ةلملجا فا تارابعلا .ةهبرعلا ف بٌٍلا هذه ي ثحب اهنع في بع لا ةغللا ةعوسوم ض ةٌهبرع ، يىك .ةغلابلاك ؼرصلاك وحنلا ك",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 229,
"width": 183,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ؿاوحأ أّ ؼرعت ؿوصأب ملع وهف وحنلا اٌمأ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 252,
"width": 429,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ءانبلاك بارعلإا ثهح نم ةٌهبرعلا تاملكلا . ةٌهبرعلا تاملكلا غهص أّ ؼرعت ؿوصأب ملع وى ؼرصلاك .ءانب لاك بارعإب تسهل بٌٍلا الذاوحأك 1 ةغلابلاك يى الذ ،ةحهصف ةحهحص ةرابعب احضاك لهللجا بِعلدا ةيدأت .فوبهايخ نيذٌلا صاخشلأاك وهف ؿاقي مذٌلا نهوملل ـلاك لك ةمءلام م بلاخ رثأ سفنلا في",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 298,
"width": 430,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 فإ صأ ةفرعم و ةهبرعلا ةغللا في ةملكلا ؿ لأا نم م و ر ةمالذا . ّٔ ك ل نكيد ا درفلا لك لك بُعم مهف ا بتكلا كأ نًركلا فآرقلا في ةملك ةلوهسب ةهبرعلا ةغللاب تبتك بٍل . ،كلذلك فاك ٌمىأ نم ؼرصلا ملع .ةٌهبرعلا ـولعلا ك ةٌهساهقلا عوملجاب ملعلاك اههلإ ةبسنلاك اىبّغصت ةفرعمك ملكلا غهص طبض في ؿٌوعلدا وهلع مبَعي ام ةفرعمك ةٌذاشلاك ةٌهعامسلاك ىلع ؿوصلأا نم كلذ بّغك ؿادبإ كأ ـاغدإ كأ ؿلاعإ نم تاملكلا لا نيذٌلا ،بْبٌدأتلدا نم بّثك اههف قي ءاطخأ في عوقولا ةهشخ ،اهفرعي فأ لماعك بيدأ ٌلك ىلع بيج بٌٍلا . فانلا لهللجا ملعلا اذى نم ملذ ٌظح 3 ،ةٌهبرعلا ةغللا في \" يـٍويقىػي \" ةملك ،ؿاثلداف ؼرعنلك اىانعم تج انهلع ب ةفرعم ٌبٍح اىبّغتك ةملكلا ؿوصأ تراص \" يـٍويقىػي \" . هذىك جاتتح لىا ثحبت بٌٍلا ةدعاقلا نع .اه ف ةدعاقلا ةدوصقلدا يى انى .ؿلاعلإا ف ،ؿلاعلإا وهف قك قباسلا ؿاثلدا انت قا ةٌلعلا ؼرح ةكرح ؿ لىإ )كاولا ؼرح(",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 516,
"width": 430,
"height": 240,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ".ةكرلحاب ؾٌريح لا ةٌلعلا ؼرح ٌفلأ ،اهلبق )ؼاقلا ؼرح( حهحصلا ؼرلحا لىإ ؿلاعلإا مسقني ؼرصلا ملع فيك ةسخم :يىك ،ـاسقأ اب ؿلاعلإا ؼذلح ، ك لاب ؿلاعلإا بلق ، ك لاب ؿلاعلإا بْكست ك ، ؿلاعلإا لقنلاب ك ، لذا ؿلاعإ ةزم . دجك دق سهلك .فآرقلا في ؿلاعلإا نم بّثك نم عوضولدا اذى مهف بلاطلا لكل ةلوهسلا . اذلك ، ي فأ بتاكلا دير ي مأ ةفرعمك فآرقلا في ؿلاعلإا نع ثحب ؿلاعلإا نم عون مذلا رثكي في وعوقك ةيلآا ك .ةهنآرقلا ي وبتك في ثحبلا يملعلا تتح :عوضولدا ؿلاعلإا \" في وه ةروس \" . 1 ،بِهيلاغلا ىفطصم ةهبرعلا سكردلا ماج :تكبّب( ، ركفلا راد ، ََِٔ .ط ،) ُ .ص ، ٖ . 2 ،بْمأ ىفطصم ـرالجا يلع ةغلابلا ةحضاولا ،ةيادلذا :اياباروس( ، ُُٗٔ .ط ،) ُٓ .ص ، ٖ . 3 ،بِهيلاغلا ىفطصم ةهبرعلا سكردلا ماج ص ،... 01 .",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 218,
"top": 37,
"width": 159,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LISANUNA, Vol. 8, No. 2 (2018)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 780,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "64",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 85,
"width": 430,
"height": 166,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "يهف ثحبلا ضارغأ امأ ةفرعم تايلآا ؿلاعلإا اههف قي بٌٍلا وه ةروس في ك عم في ؿلاعلإا عاونأ ةفر وه ةروس ك وه ةروس في رثكلأا ؿلاعلإا عون ةفرعم . ك جهنم مذلا ثحبلا اذى ي وى بتاكلا وب ـوق \" \" بيتكلدا ثحبلا . للاعلإا فيرعت َّلىعىأ \" نم ردصم وى ؿلاعلإا – :فاعم ةٌدع ىلع تيأيك ،\" ُّلًعيي مهلبإ تبرش :\" ـوقلا ٌلعأ \" .للعلا \" هونحك لجرلا ـوقلا ٌلعأ .اعابت كأ ،ةهناث هاقس :\" ـوقلا ٌلعأ \" .ةٌلعاذ ولعج :\" ءيشلا ـوقلا ٌلعأ \" :\" لبلإا",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 229,
"width": 429,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ؿولعم وهف للها وٌلعأ :ؿاقيك .لهلعك ،ٌلعم وهف .وضرمأ :\" انلاف للها ٌلعأ \" .اهٌير لبق اىردصأ .)رداونلا نم وىك( 4",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 277,
"width": 265,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ":اهنمك فيراعت ةٌدعب ؿلاعلإا نع بْفٌرصلدا ضعب ؼٌرع \" وباتك في بِهيلاغلا ىفطصم خهشلا ؿاق \" ةٌهبرعلا سكردلا ماج",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 301,
"width": 124,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ؼرح ؼذح وى ؿلاعلإا ٌفأ",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 323,
"width": 429,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "بلق كأ ةٌلعلا .ونهكست كأ و 5 ك وباتك في بوقعي يدب لهمار روتكدلا ؿاق بارعلإاك ؼرصلاك وحنلا ةعوسوم \"",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 348,
"width": 429,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "\" لىإ وبلقب اٌمإ كلذك .فهفختلل ابله ،أ ،م ،ا ،ك :ةعبرلأا ؼكرلحا دحأ ىلع أرطي بّهغت وى ؿلاعلإا ، .وفذح كأ وناكسإ كأ ولبق نكاسلا حهحصلا ؼرلحا لىإ وتكرح لقنب كأ رخآ ةٌلع ؼرح 6",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 397,
"width": 140,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "وباتك في رسملأا يجار ذاتسلأا ؿاق",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 192,
"top": 396,
"width": 141,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "\" ؼرصلا ملع في لٌصفلدا مجعلدا \"",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 397,
"width": 430,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "أرطي بّهغت وى ؿلاعلإا ٌفأ كأ ؼذلحاب اٌمإ كلذ فوكيك ،فهفختلل كلذك ،)ةزملذا( أّ قحلي امك ،)م ،ك ،ا( ةٌلعلا ؼكرح دحأ .لقنلاك بْكستلاب كأ بلقلاب 7",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 468,
"width": 391,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "بلقي فأ وى ؿلاعلإا ٌفأ فيراعتلا هذى نم صلختهف أّ قحلي امك ،)م ،ك ،ا( ةٌلعلا ؼرح",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 492,
"width": 430,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ")ةزملذا( .نكسي كأ ةٌلعلا ؼرح ٌللز ٌليح كأ ؼذيح كأ وكرحتل رخآ ةٌلعلا ؼربح للاعلإا عاونأ تخا نكل .ؿلاعلإا عون نًدقت في فوفٌرصلدا فل ي ثحبلا اذى في ؿلاعلإا عون بتاكلا بتك",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 565,
"width": 187,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "\" باتك في بِهيلاغلا ىفطصم خهشلل يملعلا",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 564,
"width": 429,
"height": 192,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "سكردلا ماج ةهبرعلا فأ بتاكلا رصحني .\" ؿلاعلإا عون لىإ مسقني ةسخم :يىك عاونأ 4 ،.فكرخآك ،سهنأ مهىاربإ طهسولا مجعلدا ،ؼراعلدا راد :رصم( ، ُّٕٗ .ج ،)ـ ِ .ص ، ِّٔ . 5 بِهيلاغلا ىفطصم ، ةهبرعلا سكردلا ماج ... .ص ، ُِٖ . 6 ،بوقعي يدب لهمار بارعلإاك ؼرصلاك وحنلا ةعوسوم ،بْيلاملل ملعلا راد :تكبّب( ، ُْٗٗ .ط ،)ـ ّ ، .ص ُُٕ . 7 ،رسملأا ىجار ؼرصلا ملع في لصفلدا مجعلدا ،ةهملعلا بتكلا راد :تكري( ، ُّٗٗ .ط ،)ـ ُ .ص ، ُْْ .",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 218,
"top": 37,
"width": 159,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LISANUNA, Vol. 8, No. 2 (2018)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 780,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "65",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 85,
"width": 410,
"height": 671,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "١ - للاعلإا فذحلاب ؼذيح ؼرح ةلعلا في ةثلاث ضاوم . أ ) ،بْنكاسلا ءاقتلا فأ فوكي ؼرح دم اهقتلم نكاسب هدعب مقك ،فخك ، بك تمقك تفخك ،تعبك ،نمقيك ،نفيخك ،نعبيك ،تمرك ،فومرتك بْمرتك اي ،ةمهاف ،ضاقك بٌفك . لصلأاك ( \" ـوق ؼاخك هبك تموقك تفهخك تعهبك نفايخك نعهبيك تامرك فوهمرتك بْهمرتك بْضاقك فاتفك \" ؼذحف ؼرح ةلعلا اعفد ءاقتللا بْنكاسلا .) لاإ فإ فاك نكاسلا دعب ؼرح ةلعلا امغدم امهف ،هدعب لاف ،ؼذح فلأ ـاغدلإا دق لعج بْفرلحا ؼرحك دحاك ،ؾرحتم كلذك داشك داشيك دوشك . فإف ضرع كيرتح نكاسلا فخك ،للها لقك ،قلحا لاف برتعت وتكرح . انهلأ ضرعم ،ؿاكزلا لاف دري ؼكذلمحا امك تيأر . 8 ب ) فأ فوكي لعفلا امولعم لااثم ايكاك ىلع فزك \" لعفي \"، روكسلدا بْعلا في ،عراضلدا ؼذحتف هؤاف نم عراضلدا ،رملأاك نمك ردصلدا ،اضيأ اذإ ضٌويع اهنع ءاتلاب دعهك دعك ةدعك . 9 ( فإف لم ضوعي اهنع ءاتلاب لاف ؼذتح . لاف ؿاقي \" دعك ادعك \" ـدعل ضيوعتلا . لاك زويج ملجا ،امهنهب لاف ؿاقي \" ةدعك \"، لاإ فأ فوكت ءاتلا ادارم أّ ،ةرلدا كأ ،عونلا لا ضيوعتلا وتدعوك ةدع ،ةدحاك كأ ةدع ةنسح فإك فاك لعفلا لاوهلر لم ؼذتح دعوهك . كلذكك فإ فاك لااثم اهئاي رسهك رسهي كأ فاك لااثم ايكاك ىلع فزك \" لعفي \" حوتفلدا بْعلا . لجوهك لجويك . 10 نم كاولا تفذحك \" عدي رذيك بهيك سيك ضيك أطيك قيك \" لًعفي فزك ىلع لصلأا في انهلأ عدي بُعم في ونوكل رذي نم تفذح ك قللحا ؼرلح بْعلا حتفف بْعلا رسكب . 11 ج ) فأ فوكي لعفلا لتعم ،رخلآا ؼذحهف هرخآ في رما درفلدا ركذلدا شخاك عداك ،ـراك في عراضلدا ،ـكزّٓا مذلا لم لصتي هرخآب ءيش ملك ،شيخ لمك ،عدي لمك ـري . بّغ فأ ؼذلحا امههف لا ،ؿلاعلإل لب ةباهنلل نع فوكس ءانبلا في ،رملأا نعك فوكس بارعلإا في عراضلدا . 12 8 بِهيلاغلا ىفطصم ، ،... ةهبرعلا سكردلا ماج .ص ُِٖ . 9 ،لرجنبلا راونلأا فشك دملز ،فيرصتلا سكرد .ج ،)تد ،ـلاسلا راد :اروفاترم( ْ .ص ، ِٓ - ِٔ . 10 بِهيلاغلا ىفطصم ، ،... ةهبرعلا سكردلا ماج .ص ُِٖ . 11 ،نيلاهكلا ـاشى نب يلع نسلحا وبأ ،يمزع نيلاهك حرش .ص )تد ،لدلذا رون :اياباروس( ُٖ . 12 بِهيلاغلا ىفطصم ، ،... ةهبرعلا سكردلا ماج .ص ُِ9 .",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 218,
"top": 37,
"width": 159,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LISANUNA, Vol. 8, No. 2 (2018)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 780,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "66",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 85,
"width": 430,
"height": 671,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "٢ - بلقلاب للاعلإا )أ واولا بلق افلأ ءايلاو اذإ ؾٌرتح لك نم كاولا ًءاهلاك ةكربح ةٌهلصأ ىحتفناك ام ،يولبق ىبلقنا نافلأ اعىدك ىمىرك ؿاقك ،عابك لصلأاك \" ىوىعىد يىمىرك ىؿىوىػقك ى ىهىػبك .\" لاك ُّدتعيي ةكرلحاب ًةضراعلا \" لىهىجك ،وـوىنىك امهليصأك \" هؿأٍهج هـىأٍونك \"، ًتطىقىس يةزملذا دعب ًلقن اهتكرح لىإ ام ،اهلبق راصف لىإ \" لىهىج ـىوىػنك .\" يطبَشييك في امّٔلاقنا نافلأ ةعبس وطكرش . ُ ) فأ ؾَّرحتي ام ،اهمدعب فإ اتناك في ً ضوم بْع ةملكلا . لاف فلاىعيػت في لثم \" وفاهب وليوهك وروهىغك وقنرىوىخك \"، فوكسل ام اهمدعب . ِ ) فأ لا امهىهًلت هفلأ لاك هءاي ،هةدَّدشيم فإ اتناك في ضوم ـلالا لاف فلاعيت في لثم \" اهمر اكزغك فاهتىفك فاوصعك .\" فلأ ىفللأا ،امهتىهًلك لاك في لثم \" موىلىع موىتىػفك \"، ًؽاحلل ءاهلا ةدَّدشلدا اهماَّيإ . ّ ) لا فأ انوكت يبْع ولعف ىلع فزك \" ىلًعىف \"، ًروسكلدا ،بْعلا لتعلدا ـلالا ىمًوهك ىمًكىدك ىمًوىجك ىمًوىقك ىيًهىعك ىيًهىحك . ْ ) فأ لا متيج فلالاعإ لىوهك لىوهك لىويقلاك لىوىلذاك اهلحاك ةاهلحاك اهيلصأك ىمىوىى مىوىهك يكويقلاك يمىوىلذاك يىهىلحاك هةىهىػهىلحاك .\" ًتَّلعأف يـلالا اهبلقب ،نافلأ اهكُّرحتل حاتفناك ام اهلبق . ًتمًلىسك بْعلا ؿلاعلإ ،ـلالا لاهك متيج ًفلالاعإ في ةملك ةدحاك . ٓ ) فأ لا انوكت ىبْع ومسا ىلع فزك \" وفلاىعىػف \" حتفب بْعلا . لاف فٌلاعيت في لثم \" وفاوىهح وفاتومك وفلاوىجك وفامىهىىك .\" ٔ ) فأ لا انوكت بْع ولعف يءيتج يةفصلا يةهٌبشيلدا ونم ىلع فزك \" ىلىعفأ \"، َّفإف يونهع ُّحصىت وهف فيك هردصم ةفصلاك ونم ىرًوىعك يرىوٍعىػي نارىوع وهف ،روعأ ىؿًوحك يؿىوٍييح نلاىوح وهف ،يؿوحأ ىفًهىىك يفىهٍهىػي نافىهىى وهف ،يفىهىىأ ىدًهىغك يدىهٍغىػي نادٍهىغ وهف يدىهغىأ . ٕ ) فىأ لا ىفوكت كاولا نانهع في \" ىلىعىػتفا \" َّؿادلا ىلع بُعم ةكراشلدا . لاف لعيت كاولا في لثم \" ىرىوىػتجا يـوقلا ،فكرًوىتٍىيج اوجىكىدزاك ىفوجًكىدزي \"، مأ اكرىكاتج اوجكازتك . 13 )ب ءاي واولا بلق ضاوم ةهناثم في نءاي كاولا يبىلقيت 13 ىفطصم بِهيلاغلا ، ،... ةهبرعلا سكردلا ماج .ص ِ01 .",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 218,
"top": 37,
"width": 159,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LISANUNA, Vol. 8, No. 2 (2018)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 780,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "67",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 83,
"width": 365,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ُ ) همك وةرسك دعب ىنيكسىت فأ بث ٍوًم اهيلصأك . بث . 14 ِ ) .ةٌهجشلاك يجشلاك يعادلاك مزاغلاك ىموقىك يضتريك ىيضرك وةرسك دعب ؼَّرطتت فأ ضوًضتريك ًوًضىر لصلأاك",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 133,
"width": 365,
"height": 100,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "نم انهلأ ،\"يةىوًجَّشلاك يوًجَّشلاك يعادلاك مزاغلاك ىكًوقك .بلٍقيػت لم ،ؿكّْدلاك ًجىوًعلاك ٍؼَّرطتت لم فإف .وٍجَّشلاك ةوعدلاك ًكزغلاك ةويقلاك فاوضّْرلا ّ ) .\"ووٍلدك وكٍرج\" بّغصت \"هوٍػهليدك هوٍػيىريج\" امهيلصأك .لييدك ٍّمريجك بّغصتلا ًءاي دعب ى قت فأ ْ ) ى قت فىأ",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 205,
"width": 365,
"height": 243,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ًـاهقلاك ولعف يبْع ٍتٌلًعيأ مذلا ًؼوجلأا ًردصلدا في ، وفلأك وةرسك بْب ناوٍشح ـاق\" اهيلعفك ،هداوًعك هداوقناك هـاوًصك هـاوق\" اهيلصأك ةىداهعلاك داهًعلاك داهقنلااك ًـاهصلاك لعفلا في يبْعلا ًتٌحص فإف .\"ىدىوعك ىدىوىقناك ىـىوىصك ىـىوىػق\" يلصلأاك \"ىداعك داقناك ـاصك حًصىت اذكك .\"ناراو ًج ىزكاجك ،ناداوًع دىكاعك ،ناذاوًل ذىكلا\" لثم ،ناضيأ ردصلدا في تحىص .نلاىوًح ىؿاحك هفلأ اىدعب نكي لم فإ ٓ ) درفلدا في تَّلًعيأ دقك \" وؿاعًف\" فزك ىلع ،ـلالا حهحص هجم في ،وةرسك دعب نانهع ى قت فىأ ايّْدلاكف ،درفلدا في ونهع تَّلعأ امف .تنكس كأ هراكًد\" اهيصىأك .مىهًقلاك ًلىهًلحاك ًحايّْرلاك ر هةلٍوًحك هحٍكًرك هرىكىد\" يلصلأاك .هةمهقك هةلهحك هحيرك هراد\" اىدرفمك \"يـوًقك هؿوًحك هحاكًرك باهثلاكف ،)ؿاعف ىلع و جم في لاإ يفوكي لا اذىك( درفلدا في ونهع تنكس امك هةمَّوًقك .هطاو ًسك هباوًث( امهليصىأك .طاهسلاك",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 420,
"width": 386,
"height": 336,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "،درفلدا يبْع تَّحص فإف .\"هطوسك هبوىث\" اهمدرفيمك م ييج فىأ يساهقلاك .\"وداهج\" ىلع وداوج ي جم َّذشك ؿاوًهك وليوطك يبىلقيت لاف .ٍنكسىت لمك ٌوجك نءاي ملجا في يبْعلا يبلقيت لاف ،ـلالا َّلتعم فاك فإ كلذكك .\"داوًج\" ىلع ناكاك ،لصلأا في ،بْعلا تناك فإ لب .وءاو ًجك ملجا في كاولا لىإ تدير ،ءاهلا لىإ نةبلقنم ناوشح يكاولا ةعقك فإك .\"لكٍرىػي ىمًكىر\" نم ونلأ ،\"فايٍكىر\" فاٌير لصيأ فلأ ،وءاكًرك ىفاٌيىرك لم ،وؾاو ًسك وفاو ًخك وـاوًقك وراوسك ناعجم لاك ناردصم سهل امهف ، وفلأك وةرسك بْب .بلقيت 15 ٔ ) اذإ ةملك في ءاهلاك كاولا تعمتجا .دٍوهس اهلصأ دّْهسك ةنكاس امهنم لىكلأا تناكك 16 ٕ ) اصىعك وٌلييدك وولىدك كلذك .نءاي يبلقيتف ،\" وؿوعيف\" ًفزك ىلع و جم في ،ناملا يكاولا فوكت فأ هكوصيعك هكويليد\" يلصلأاك .ٍّيًفًقك ٍّيصًعك ٍّليًدك ،ءافلا يرسك يزويجك .ٍّيًفيقك نافىقك ،يًصيعك 14 ،دحمأ نب نسح ،فيرصتلا باتك .ج ،)تد ،فابحر :لهغاب( ِ .ص ، ُْ . 15 بِهيلاغلا ىفطصم ، ،... ةهبرعلا سكردلا ماج .ص ِ01 - 000 . 16 ،ةمعن داؤف ةهبرعلا ةغللا دعاوق صخلم .ص ،)تد ،اياباروس:ةيادلذا( ، 91 .",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 218,
"top": 37,
"width": 159,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LISANUNA, Vol. 8, No. 2 (2018)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 780,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "68",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 85,
"width": 84,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "يـٌلالا ًتبليق ،\"هكوفىقك",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 85,
"width": 344,
"height": 100,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "يكاولا ًتعمتجاف \"ومويفيػقك ومويصيعك ومويليد\" لىإ تراصف ،نءاي يكاولا حًصىت دقك .ًءاهلا في تمغديأك نءاي يكاولا تبليقىػف فوكسلاب اهمادحإ ٍتىقبيسك ،يءاهلاك فاك فإف .ناساهق ،\"يًهيي\" ىلع ناضيأ هوعجم دقك .\"ٍّويهيػب\" ىلع \"ناوٍهىػب\" مهعمجك ،ناذكذش ص ،نادرفم \"هؿويعيػف\"",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 157,
"width": 271,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "،ناذكذش ُّلىعيػت دقك \"اِّوينم انمك ،اِّويسم اسمك ،ناويتيع اتع لثم ،يكاولا تَّح",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 179,
"width": 365,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "اِّويػتيع اتع اولاق امك ،اىرسكك بْعلا مضب ،اِّهًتيع اتع\" اولاق دقف . 17 ٖ ) كاولا فوكت فأ بِبمك ٌيضقمك ءاهلاب رخلأا لتعلدا لعفلا نم غاصلدا ؿوعفلدا مسا في مونبمك موضقم امهلصأ . 18 فاك امك وكاش\" اعٍىجم اهمك ،لٌوغك لٌويشك هًكاك حهحصت ىبجك ،ًـلالا َّلعيم ونم",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 276,
"width": 305,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "وـاَّويصك وـاَّويػنك ناضيأ هكاك حهحصت بجهف \" وؿاٌعيػف\" ًفزك ىلع فاك ام امأ .\"وكاغك",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 138,
"top": 276,
"width": 330,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ". )ج اواو ءايلا بلق ضاوم ةثلاث في ناكاك يءاهلا بىلقيت ُ ) فزك ىلع و جم بّغ في ،وةٌمض دعب ىنيكسىت فأ",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 349,
"width": 157,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ".ونقومك ينًقويك ،ورًسومك يرًسوهك \"ولٍعيػف\"",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 373,
"width": 345,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ".\"ىنقيىأك ىرسيىأ\" نم انهلأ \"هنًقٍهيمك ينًقٍهيػيك ،هرسٍهيمك يرًسٍهيػي\" اهيلصأك \"ولٍعيػف\" فزك ىلع و جم في ًةمض دعب ٍتنكس فإ اذكك ٍبىلقيت لم ،وـاهيهك يءاهلا تكَّرتح فإف ٍهىك ىمهىأك ،ىءاضهىبك ىضهبأ\" ٍيىعٍىجم ،ومهىك وضهبك بٍلا ةمضلا يبىلقيت لب ُّليعيػت لاف ،ءام",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 444,
"width": 365,
"height": 118,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "َّفلأ \" ولٍعيػف\" فزك ىلع ،\"همٍهيىك ضهيب\" يلصلأاك .ىتيأر امك ،يءاهلا َّحًصىتًل ،نةرسك ،اهىلبق .فوكسف ٍّمضب \"ولٍعيػف\" ىلع ي مييج ،نةهَّبشيم نةفص .\"ىءلاٍعيػفك ىلىعفأ\" فزك ىلع فاك ام ِ ) رلا ىويهىػنك ةٌمض ىدعب ولعف يـلا ى قت فأ امهيلصأك .\"هاضقأ امك !هانهأ ام\" بُعبم ،ىةيضىقك يلج .فاٌهئاي امهف ،\"!ىييضىقك ىييهىػن\" ّ",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 540,
"width": 358,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ".ةنجلل مساك باه ردصم يىك( ،بىوطك ناسما ءافلا مضب ،ىلٍعيفل نانهع ىفوكت فأ )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 564,
"width": 344,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ىقوُّضلاك بىوٌطلاك لرويلخاك ىسويكلاك لهضفتلا ًلعفلأ ىثنيأ كأ ) ىبىٍهيه اهلصأك بّخأك سهكأ\" )تاثنؤم(",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 588,
"width": 386,
"height": 168,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ")ىقهيضك بىٍهيهك لٍبّيخك ىسٍهيك اهلصأك .\"قهضىأك بههىأك دق نكلك .\"ىكهح هةهٍشم\" ك \"لزهض هةمسق\" اهمك ،بلق لاب فاتملك كلذ نم ىءاجك امك ،ىبلقلا ةفصلا\"ىلعيف\" في هدلكك كلام نبا زاجىأك يءاهلا َّحصتل نةرسك يةمضلا تلدبأ 17 بِهيلاغلا ىفطصم ، ،...ةهبرعلا سكردلا ماج .ص ُِِ . 18 ،ةمعن داؤف ةهبرعلا ةغللا دعاوق صخلم .ص ،... 91 .",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 218,
"top": 37,
"width": 159,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LISANUNA, Vol. 8, No. 2 (2018)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 780,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "69",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 85,
"width": 387,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "وهلعك ةرسك ةمضلا ؿادبإب ءاهلا ىةملاسك ـَّدقت ىسوكلاك ،بىهٌطلاك بىوُّطلا\" ؿوقتف .\"ىقهّْضلاك ىقوضلاك ،لبًّلخاك لرويلخاك ،ىسهكلاك )د",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 339,
"top": 133,
"width": 108,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ملالا اتلتعملا ىلعُفو ىلعَف ُ )",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 157,
"width": 366,
"height": 118,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "فيك ،لوعىدك مسلاا في ٍتمًلىس ناكاك تناك فإف ،ءافلا حتفب \"ىلٍعىػف\" ـلا تَّلتعا اذإ ايٍدىصك ايزىخك ةفصلا في تمًلس نءاي تناك فإك .لوشىنك ةفصلا ىفايٍزىخ\" ٍيثنؤيم( .\"اهقبك اهٍتىػفك اهٍقىػت\" اهلصأك .لوٍقىػبك لوٍتىػفك لوٍقىػتك مسلاا في ناكاك تبليقك )\"فايٍدىصك .\"لِّكىر\" فوكت فأ اهقحك ،ةحئارلل \"اَّيىر\" ملذوق َّذشك ِ )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 253,
"width": 344,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "فيك ،اهٍتفلاك مسلاا في ٍتَّحص نءاي تناك فإف ،ءافلا مضب \"ىلٍعيػف\" يـلا تَّلىػتعا اذإك ك ةفصلا في ٍتملىس ناكاك تناك فإك .ّْقحلأاك ًردجلأا بُعبم ،\"لىكلأا\" ًتهنأت ،اٍهليولا نم اهمك( .اهليعلاك اهنُّدلاك ةفصلا في نءاي ٍتبليقك )و ضوم مسا يىك( ،لىكٍزخك مسلاا ّّذاش وىك كاولا حهحصتب ،\"لىوٍصيقلا\" ًزاجلحا ًلىأ يؿوق َّذشك ,)ولٍعىػي لاعك وندي انىد هحهصف ،ناساهق ،لوصيقلا ةىكديعلاب ٍميىك\" لىاعت ؿاق ،ينًركلا يباتكلا درك وب لاامعتسا اهمك \"لَّريلدا\" ُّدًض ،\"لىوٍليلحا\" هملجا ىدنع َّذشك ساهقلا ىلع ،\"اهٍصيقلا\" ؿوقي مىيبّغك",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 394,
"width": 387,
"height": 362,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "َّرىملأاك ىلحلأا\" ثهنأت .\" )ه إ فللأا للاع ُ ) قك اذإ ع وؿازغك بّغصَّتلا ءاي في تمغديأك ،نءاي تبلقنا ،بّغصتلا ًءاي دعب يفللأا ت .بّغصتلا ءاي ىلبق ام رسك ءاضتقلا ، وبٌهىػتكك وباتكك ،لٌيزيغك 19 ِ ) قك اذإك ع ،ىدىوشك ناكاك تبًليق ،وةمض دعب ت دىاش لصلأاك . 20 نءاي تبلق ةرسك دعب كىأ ك رانانيدك حاباصمك لصلأاك ،بّناندك حهباصمك تبلق ،نارٌذعىتيم كلذب يقطُّنلا فاك الد اهلبق ام ىةكرح ىبسانتًل ،ةرسكلا دعب نءايك ةمضلا ىدعب ناكاك فللأا . ّ ) قك اذإك ع كىأ ،لعفلا في وؾّْرحتيم فر بّمض كأ ، ٌبُثلدا بّمضب تلصَّتاك ،نادعاصف نةعبار ت ٍبيم تناكأ هءاوس .ؿاح لك ىلع نءاي تبلق ،مسلاا في ةهنثتلا فلأب ىضبّك كاك نم نةلىد ؿوقتف .ىفشتس ي لداك لده ي لداك ،اهحأك ىعسىهك وءاي نم ـأ ،ىطعيلداك ىضرىلداك ىطعأك .\"ًفاهفشتس ي لداك ًفايىدهيلداك ،اهىهحأك فاهعسيك ،ًفاهىطعيلداك فاهضىريلداك ،اهطعأك فاهضري\" 19 بِهيلاغلا ىفطصم ، ،...ةهبرعلا سكردلا ماج .ص ِِ0 - 002 . 20 ،ةمعن داؤف ...ةهبرعلا ةغللا دعاوق صخلم .ص ، ٖٗ .",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 218,
"top": 37,
"width": 159,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LISANUNA, Vol. 8, No. 2 (2018)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 780,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "70",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 435,
"top": 85,
"width": 11,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ْ )",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 165,
"top": 85,
"width": 261,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "يتكىزغىك اكزىغك اههلإ ٍتَّدير ،ىكاولا اهلصأ فاك فإف ،نةثلاث تناك فإف",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 85,
"width": 83,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "فاك فإك .ًنٍيىوصعلاك",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 239,
"top": 109,
"width": 186,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ". ٍبْىػهىػتىفلاك يتهمىرك اهىمىرك اههلًإ تَّدير ،ىءاهلا اهلصأ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 107,
"width": 408,
"height": 265,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "21 )و ةزمه ءايلاو واولا بلق في ةزهم ءاهلاك كاولا بلقت ةثلاث : ضاوم ُ ) ـكاص امهلصأ دئاصك مئاصك ؼوجلأا ىثلاثلا لعفلا نم غاصلدا لعافلا مسا في دياصك ِ ) ةدئاز فلأ دعب ءاهلا كأ كاولا تفرطت اذإ لثم ءافص : وفصي افص ،ءاعد: وعدي اعد : ءافك : ىفي فىك ،ءاضق : ىضقي ىضق 22 2 ) .ةزهم لىكلأا تبلق ةنكاس ةهلصأ كأ ةكرحتم ةهناثلاك ةملك ؿكأ في فاكاك تعمتجا اذإ .ؿٌكأ ثنؤم لىكك ولصأ لىكأك ،لصاكك ولصأ لصاكأ ونح 23 ٣ - نيكستلاب للاعلإا",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 373,
"width": 430,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "اعفد ،نةرسك كىأ نةمض تناك فإ امهتكرح تفذح ،وؾّْرحتيم وؼرح دعب يءاهلاك كاولا ًتفَّرطىت اذإف ،ًمدانلا لىإ ييعادلا ويعدي\" لصلأاك .نيالجا ىلع يضاقلا يضقيك ،مدانلا لىإ يعادلا وعدهك لىقىػثلل .\" ًنيالجا ىلع يضاقلا ييضقيك عامتجا كلذ نم ـًزىل فإف فومريي\" لثم ،ةملكلا يـلا تفذيح ،بْنكاس",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 445,
"width": 430,
"height": 311,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ".\"ىفيكيزغىيك فوهًمرىي\" لصلأاك .\"فكزغيك ـلا تفذحف ،ةعاملجا كاك ك ةملكلا ـلا فانكاس ىقتلاف .لقثلل ناعفد ءاهلاك كاولا ةمض تحره( .)بْنكاسلا عامتجلا ناعفد ،ةملكلا ّْقلحا بّغ ليإ ىوعدأ نل لثم ،ٍؼىذتح لم ،نةحتف ةكرلحا تناك فإف .\"وهلًإ ىيعادلا ىيًصعأ نلك ، ونم هبرشىي هوٍلىد اذى\" لثم ،يةرسكلاك ةمضلا حىرطيت لم ،نكاس وؼرح دعب يءاهلاك يكاولا تفٌرطت فإك .\"وٍبيىظب يتكسمىأك ،ووٍلد نم يتبًرىشك ،هبيىظ ح لقن بجك ناحهحص نانكاس امهىلبق ام فاكك ،بْتكٌرحتم نءاي كأ ناكاك ةملكلا بْع تناك اذإك ةكر ؼرح فٍعىضك وتَّوقل ةَّلًعلا ؼرح نم ًةكرلحا لُّمحتب لىكأ ،ىحهحصلا ىؼرلحا فلأ ،امهىلبق نكاسلا لىإ بْعلا .ةَّلًعلا 21 بِهيلاغلا ىفطصم ، ،...ةهبرعلا سكردلا ماج .ص 002 . 22 ،ةمعن داؤف وق صخلم ...ةهبرعلا ةغللا دعا .ص ، 90 . 23 بِهيلاغلا ىفطصم ، ،...ةهبرعلا سكردلا ماج .ص 002 .",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 218,
"top": 37,
"width": 159,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LISANUNA, Vol. 8, No. 2 (2018)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 780,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "71",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 85,
"width": 184,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "٤ - ِلْقَّ نلاب ُللاعلإا اهم بْمسق ىلع لقنلاب ؿلاعلإا مسقني :",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 110,
"width": 220,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "كأ ،بلقلاب ؿلاعإ ويعبٍتىػي دقك .ناضلز نلاقن فوكي دق",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 133,
"width": 430,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ".ناعم ؼذلحاك بلقلاب كأ ،ؼذلحاب لٍقَّػنلاب ىيفيتكا ،ول نةسنايلر ةلًعلا ؼرح نع يةلوقنلدا ةكرلحا تناك فإف ك ىه .\"يبٍْبىػيك يـيوٍقىػي\" لصلأاك ،يبْبىيك يـوق ىـاقأك اهيسًناييج نافرح ىبًليق ،ول وةسًنايلر ىبّغ تناك فإك يمهقييك ىفابأك",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 181,
"width": 430,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ".\"هـىوٍقىمك ـًوٍقيك ىبْبىأك ىـىوقىأ\" لصلأاك .وـاقىمك .ناذاوحتسا ىذىوحتساك ،نلااوعإ ىؿىوعأك ولصأ ىلع يؿلاعلإا وهف يبيج ام اوكرت ابمرك ؿلاعلإا رصحنيك",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 229,
"width": 430,
"height": 164,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ":يىك ضاوم ةعبرأ في لقنلاب أ) ٍويقىػي :لثم .ؼوجلأا عراضلدا لعفلا يؿ يوٍقىػي اهلصأ يؿ ٍوىقلا نم ؿ . 24 ؼوجلأا ضالدا لعفلاك .ىـىوٍػقىأ ولصأ ىـاىقىأ : لثم .ىلىعٍػفىأ فزك ىلع ب ) هلًعٍفىم ك هلىعٍفىم فزك ىلع هةىلًعٍفىمك اىقىم :لثم .يثلاثلا ؼوجلأا لعفلا نم اتناك اذإ ، هؿ اهلصأ ىوٍقىم هؿ اىق نم ىؿ – ٍويقىػي يؿ. 25 ج ) لإل فزاولدا ردصلدا ةىماىقًإ :لثم .ؿاعفتسلااك ؿاعف اهلصأ ةىماىقًتٍسًا ؛ ةىماىوٍػقإ اهلصأ .ةىماىوٍقًتٍسًا 26 .نةىوٍلىص ولصأ نةىلاىص لثم ،نةىلٍعىػف فزك ىلع ردصلدا",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 383,
"width": 371,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "د) .هعٍويػهٍػبىم اهلصأ ه ٍهًبىم ؛ هؿٍكيوٍقىم اهلصأ هؿٍويقىم :لثم .ؼوجلأا يثلاثلا ؿوعفلدا مسا 27 ٥ - ةزمهلا للاعإ انهأ ىبّغ ،ةحهحصلا ؼكرلحا نم يةزملذا",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 429,
"width": 230,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "يبلقنتف ،اهىلثم ىؿلاعلإا لىبٍقت كلذل ،ةلًعلا ىؼرحأ يوبٍشيت",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 450,
"width": 430,
"height": 306,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ". ضاولدا ضعب في اههلًإ )أ ةملك في فاتزهم ى متجا اذإف ُ ) اهلبق ام ىةكرح يسًناييج دم ؼرح ةهناثلا بلق بجك ،يةهناثلا تنكسك لىكلأا تكَّرتح فإ ك ىنمأأ\" يلصلأاك ،ىرخآك ىـدآك وفايدإك ٍنًمآك ينًمكأك ىنىمآك يـىدٍأأك هفايدإك ينًمٍأأك ٍنًمؤأ .\"هرخٍأأك ِ ) ٌأس\" يلثم ،ةهناثلا في لىكلأا تىمغدأ يةهناثلا تكَّرتحك لىكلأا تىنكس فإ ا .\"ؿ ّ ) ،\"ُّـيؤىػي َّـىأك ُّنًئي َّفأ\" نم ولهضفت مسا ىتهىنىػب فإف .ناكاك يةهناثلا ًتبليق ،حتفلاب اتكَّرتح فإ رثكأ مأ ،\"يونم ُّفىكىأ وى\" ىتلق يلصلأاك .وةمامإ ينسحىأ مأ \"ونم ُّـىكأ وى\" ك ،نانهنىأ .\"ُّدشأ\" يؿوقت امك ،\"َّـأأ\" 24 ،دحما نب نسح ...فيرصتلا باتك .ص ، ِّ . 25 ،دحما نب نسح ...فيرصتلا باتك .ص ، ّ2 . 26 بِهيلاغلا ىفطصم ، ،... ةهبرعلا سكردلا ماج .ص ِِٓ . 27 ،دحما نب نسح ...فيرصتلا باتك .ص ، ّ2 .",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 218,
"top": 37,
"width": 159,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LISANUNA, Vol. 8, No. 2 (2018)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 780,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "72",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 435,
"top": 85,
"width": 12,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ْ )",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 85,
"width": 345,
"height": 125,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "،ناكاك اهيبلق زاج ةعراضلدا ًةزهم ىدعب تناك فإف ،ةرسك كأ نةمض ًةهناثلا ةكرح تناك فإ ًئىي َّفأك ُّـيؤىػي َّـىأ\" نم \"ُّنًيىأك ُّـيكىأ\" يلثم .ةروسكم تناك فإ ءايك ،نةمومضم تناك فإ ،\"ُّن اهيبلق ىبجك ،ةعراضلدا ًةزهم ًبّغ وةزهم دعب تناك فإك .\"ُّنًئأك ُّـيكأ\" يلثم ،اهفهفتخ زاجك يويلصأك .)ىعرلدا وىك( ،\"ٍّبأ\" جم ،ٌبيكأ يلثم ،ًةرسكلا دعب نءايك ،ةمضلا دعب ناكاك ناضيأ نةَّمًئأ اولاق دقك .)هةمًئىأ( اهيلصأك )ـامإ( جم ،وةَّيدأ يلثمك .\"ُّبيؤأ\" ؼلاخ ىلع ،",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 395,
"top": 205,
"width": 80,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ".ساهقلا )ب",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 227,
"width": 394,
"height": 173,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ".ورئبك وؿؤيسك وسأرك أّ قٍطنلاك اهقهقتح زاج ،ةزملذا ًبّغ وحهحص وؼرح دعب تنكس فإ .وبّبك وؿويسك وسارك اهلبق ام ةكرح سناييج نافرح اهبلقب\" اهيفهفتخ زاجك )ج يتنك وءويضيوك ةزملذا قهقتح زاج ،بْتنكاس بْتدئاز وءاي كا كاك دعب ةملكلا رخآ تناك فإ وءو م ،ءاهلا دعب ءايك كاولا دعب ناكاك اهبلقب ،اهفهفتخ زاجك ،وةئهطىخك وءمرىمك وءبِىك وةءويبنك .وةهطخك ٍّمرمك ٍّبِىك ٍّوتينك ٍّوضيوك اهلبق امهف اهماغدإ )د اهماغدإك اهبلق زويجك ،ةزملذا قهقتح لىكلأاف ،وءيشك وءوسك بْتهلصأ يءاهلاك كاولا تناك فإ .يشك وسك )ق",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 378,
"width": 394,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "\"لأر\" ًعراضم فيك .\"ٍلكك ٍذيخ\" لثم ،\"لكىأك ىذخىأ\" نم ٌقتشلدا رملأا ًلعف في نابوجك ؼذتح فزك ىلع بٍلا \"لىأر\" فيراصت هجم فيك .\"اٍكرك ايىرك ٍهرك لرنك لرىأك لري\" يلثم ،ًهرمأك .لىريمك ًريمىك ًرىأك ،مريي لرأك \"لعفأ\" )ك ؿاقهف \"رمأ\" نم ٌقتشلدا رملأا نم اهيفذح رثكي ،\"ىتأ\" نم رملأا نم اهفذح ُّلقيك \"ٍريم\" .تكسلا ءأّ \"ٍوًت\" تلق ،وهلع ىتفقك اذإف \"ىبّلخا ًت\" ؿاقهف",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 197,
"top": 461,
"width": 278,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "28 )ز",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 487,
"width": 365,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ًيىسماك ّْيمهلدا ًردصلداك ؿوعفلداك لعافلا يىسماك عراضلدا في ،\"ىلعفأ\" ًباب ًةزهم يؼذح يبيج",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 199,
"top": 511,
"width": 247,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ًركىءويي\" يلصلأاك \"وـىركيمك وـًركيمك يـًركيي\" يلثم ،فاكلداك فامزلا",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 511,
"width": 366,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "لصىأك \"هـىركءومك هـًركءومك يـ يةَّهقب وهلع ٍتليحم َّثم ،فاتزهم ى متتج لاهك ،ملكتلدا ةزمّٔ ءكيدبلدا عراضلدا وى انمإ اهفذح .فيراصتلا",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 285,
"top": 556,
"width": 226,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "29 هط ةروس نع ةحمل وه ةروس فوثلاثك سخمك ةئام يىك ،ةهكم ةيآ .",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 607,
"width": 199,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "،وه أّ ءادنلاب ةروسلا ءادتبلا )وه ةروس( تهسم",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 474,
"top": 631,
"width": 37,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "انٍلىزٍػنىأ ام",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 631,
"width": 392,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "،ول نًركت كلذ فيك ،مٌلسك ولآك وهلع للها ىٌلص بينلا ءاسمأ نم مسا وىك ىقٍشىتًل ىفآٍريقٍلا ىكٍهىلىع",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 230,
"top": 655,
"width": 280,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ".وموق ضارعإ نم هاقلي امع ةهلستك 28 ىفطصم بِهيلاغلا ، ،...ةهببرعلا سكردلا ماج .ص ِِٔ - ِِٕ . 29 ،نيايزس روناي ؼرصلا ملع في ةركذم .ص ،بد، ْٓ .",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 218,
"top": 37,
"width": 159,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LISANUNA, Vol. 8, No. 2 (2018)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 780,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "73",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 85,
"width": 393,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "نيدلا ؿوصأ تابثإ وىك ةهكلدا روسلا رئاس تاعوضومك ةروسلا هذى عوضوم ةوبنلاك دهحوتلا نم",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 109,
"width": 430,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "دب تناكك .ثعبلاك ةيآ بّثأتك ءايحإ تاذ ةروسلا وتمظعك للها فاطلس نع ثيدلحا ؿلاخ نم ،بهجع دب في اتهكلات بْح ونع للها يضر باطلخا نب رمع اذى ؾردأ دقك ،وملع ؿوشمك وتردقك ةيآ وى امك ،وملاسإ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 155,
"width": 430,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ".وملاسإ ةصق في ؼكرعم 30 هط ةروس يف للاعلإا عوقو دعب بتاكلا ميج فأ تايلآا وه ةروس في اهقٌلعيك ؿلاعلإا تنمضت بٍلا اب بتكل بٌٍلا ةٌهفرصلا ت ملكتت ك ،ؿلاعلإا نع يح اهلٌل ي ثم ذخأ :يلي امك يهف ثحبلا ةجهتن امأف تايلآا",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 224,
"top": 253,
"width": 201,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ":يلي امك يهف ؿلاعلإا اههف قي بٍلا وه ةروس في",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 277,
"width": 430,
"height": 479,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "في ؼذلحاب ؿلاعلإا قي 83 )بْثلاثك فاثم( ةيآ : 01 ، 08 ، 01 , 07 , 20 ، 83 , 87 , 11 ، 12 ، 19 , 31 ، 39 ، 10 ، 11 ، 11 , 13 , 17 ، 92 ، 91 ، 93 ، 99 ، 30 ، 31 ، 37 ، 013 ، 011 ، 000 ، 008 ، 001 ، 003 ، 001 ، 009 ، 020 ، 023 ، 021 ، 023 ، 088 ، 083 . في بلقلاب ؿلاعلإا قيك 79 )بْعستك بس( ةيآ : 2 ، 8 ، 1 ، 3 ، 1 ، 9 ، 3 ، 7 ، 01 ، 00 ، 08 ، 03 ، 01 ، 03 ، 07 ، 21 ، 20 ، 21 ، 23 ، 81 ، 83 ، 87 ، 11 ، 18 ، 11 ، 13 ، 11 ، 19 ، 13 ، 17 ، 31 ، 30 ، 32 ، 38 ، 31 ، 31 ، 39 ، 37 ، 11 ، 10 ، 18 ، 11 ، 13 ، 11 ، 19 ، 13 ، 17 ، 91 ، 90 ، 92 ، 98 ، 91 ، 93 ، 91 ، 99 ، 97 ، 31 ، 30 ، 32 ، 31 ، 33 ، 31 ، 39 ، 33 ، 71 ، 70 ، 72 ، 71 ، 73 ، 71 ، 79 ، 77 ، 010 ، 013 ، 017 ، 000 ، 001 ، 001 ، 009 ، 003 ، 007 ، 021 ، 020 ، 022 ، 028 ، 021 ، 023 ، 021 ، 029 ، 023 ، 027 ، 081 ، 080 ، 082 ، 088 ، 081 ، 083 . في بْكستلاب ؿلاعلإا قيك 9 : تايآ ) بس( 01 ، 03 ، 11 ، 92 ، 91 ، 029 ، 088 . في لقنلاب ؿلاعلإا قيك 22 )نيرشعك بْتنثا( ةيآ : 01 ، 03 ، 20 ، 11 ، 11 ، 13 ، 11 ، 19 ، 33 ، 18 ، 13 ، 91 ، 99 ، 71 ، 79 ، 011 ، 001 ، 002 ، 003 ، 021 ، 081 ، 082 . لذا ؿلاعإ قيك في ةزم 83 )بْثلاثك فاثم( ةيآ : 3 ، 01 ، 01 ، 03 ، 01 ، 20 ، 28 ، 11 ، 31 ، 33 ، 31 ، 39 ، 33 ، 10 ، 18 ، 13 ، 17 ، 91 ، 90 ، 92 ، 98 ، 91 ، 93 ، 30 ، 32 ، 37 ، 73 ، 019 ، 001 ، 002 ، 008 ، 001 ، 003 ، 001 ، 009 ، 021 ، 020 ، 029 . 30 يلهحزلا ىفطصم نب ةبىك ،جهنلداك ةعيرشلاك ةدهقعلا في بّنلدا بّسفتلا ، قشمد( : ،رصاعلدا ركفلا راد 0201 .ج )ق 01 .ص ، 071 .",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 218,
"top": 37,
"width": 159,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LISANUNA, Vol. 8, No. 2 (2018)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 780,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "74",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 85,
"width": 394,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "اب ؿلاعلإا نم اههف قي وعون لكف وه ةروس في ؿلاعلإا عاونأ امأك بلقلاب ؿلاعلإاك ؼذلح",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 109,
"width": 384,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ".ةزملذا ؿلاعإ كلذكك لقنلاب ؿلاعلإاك بْكستلاب ؿلاعلإاك في قي وىك بلقلاب ؿلاعلإا وهف وه ةروس في وعوقك رثكي مذلا ؿلاعلإا عون امأك",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 133,
"width": 430,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "79 بس( )بْعستك ةيآ . ةصلاخلا",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 250,
"top": 205,
"width": 224,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ":يلي امك يهف ثحبلا اذى في ةصلالخاف يى ؼذلحاب ؿلاعلإا اههف قي بٍلا وه ةروس في تايلآا",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 231,
"width": 16,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "83",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 229,
"width": 430,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ")فوثلاثك فاثم( ةيآ بٍلا تايلآاك ، يى بلقلاب ؿلاعلإا اههف قي 79 )فوعستك بس( ةيآ يى بْكستلاب ؿلاعلإا اههف قي بٍلا تايلآاك ،",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 255,
"width": 8,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 283,
"top": 277,
"width": 228,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "يى لقنلاب ؿلاعلإا اههف قي بٍلا تايلآاك ،تايأ ) بس(",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 277,
"width": 430,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "22 )فكرشعك فاتنثا( ةيآ ك ، اههف قي بٍلا تايلآا يى ةزملذا ؿلاعإ 83 )فوثلاثك فاثم( ةيآ ،",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 325,
"width": 393,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "بْكستلاب ؿلاعلإاك بلقلاب ؿلاعلإاك ؼذلحاب ؿلاعلإا يهف وه ةروس في ؿلاعلإا عاونأ امأك",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 349,
"width": 430,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ".ةزملذا ؿلاعإ كلذكك لقنلاب ؿلاعلإاك ك وعوقك رثكي مذلا ؿلاعلإا عون وه ةروس في بلقلاب ؿلاعلإا وى في قي وىك 79 بس( )بْعستك ةيآ .",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 218,
"top": 37,
"width": 159,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LISANUNA, Vol. 8, No. 2 (2018)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 780,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "75",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 279,
"top": 85,
"width": 38,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "عجارملا",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 136,
"width": 391,
"height": 262,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "،نسح ،دحمأ نبا فيرصتلا باتك .تد ،فايحر ،لهغاب . ،يجار ،رسملأا ؼرصلا ملع في لصفلدا مجعلدا .ط ،ةهملعلا بتكلا راد ،تكبّب . 0 ، ُّٗٗ . ،ىفطصم نًرالجا يلع ،بْمأ ةحضاولا ةغلابلا .ط ،ةيادلذا ،اياباروس . 01 ، 0910 . ـاشى نبا للهادبع نب دحمأ نب فسوي نب نيدلا ؿاجم ،مراصنلأا نبإ ةهفلأ لىإ كلاسلدا حضكأ ، كلام .ط ،لهلجا راد ،تكبّب ، 1 ، 097 . ،فكرخآك ،مهىاربإ ،سهنأ طهسولا مجعلدا .ج ،ؼراعلدا راد ،رصم . 0 ، 0972 . ، بياريد دحمأ دملز بيأ ،مرجنبلا ؼرصلا دعاوق في ؼرظلا دئاوف مرجنب . ،بْسا بْجنيرب ، ََِٓ . ، لهعاسمإ جالحا نبا راونلأا فشك دملز ،مرجنبلا فيرصتلا سكرد ءزلجا ،ـلاسلا راد ،اروفترم . .تد ، بارلا بيلعثلا ، ، مهىاربإ نب دملز نب دحمأ ؽاحسإ وبأ",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 375,
"width": 391,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "فآرقلا بّسفت نع فاهبلاك فشكلا راد ،تكبّب ، .ط ،بيرعلا ثابَلا ءاهحإ 0 ، 0110 . وبأ ،بِيكدلا ،فامثع كرمع ،فيرصتلا ملع في ةهفاشلا ،ةهكلدا ةبتكلدا ،ةمركلدا ةكم ُٗٗ.ٓ يلهحزلا ، ىفطصم نب ةبىك ،جهنلداك ةعيرشلاك ةدهقعلا في بّنلدا بّسفتلا ، قشمد ، ركفلا راد ،رصاعلدا 0201 ق . روناي ،نيايزس ، ؼرصلا ملع في ةركذم .بد، مهحرلا دبع نب دوملز ،فياص في ؿكدلجا ، نًركلا فآرقلا بارعإ قشمد دهشرلا راد ،تكبّب ، - .تد ،فايدلإا ةسسؤم ،مهحرلا دبع دملز ،سدع ؼرصلاك وحنلا دعاوق في حضاولا فامع . - .ط ،مكلادلر ،فدرلاا 0 ، 0990 .",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 615,
"width": 320,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "بيلكلا مزج نبا للها دبع نب دملز نب دحمأ نب دملز مساقلا وبأ ،يهانرغلا",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 614,
"width": 391,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ـولعل لههستلا ، ليزنتلا ،تكبّب ، .تد ،مقرلأا بيأ نب مقرلأا راد ةكرش ،ىفطصم ،بِهيلاغلا ةهبرعلا سكردلا ماج .ط ،ةيرصعلا ةبتكلدا ،تكبّب . 0 ، ََِ1 .",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 687,
"width": 164,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "،مرقلدا يلع نب دملز نب دحمأ ،يموهفلا",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 686,
"width": 179,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "يعفارلل بّبكلا حرشلا بيرغ في بّنلدا حابصلدا",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 687,
"width": 42,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "،تكبّب ،",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 710,
"width": 88,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ".تد ،ةهملعلا ةبتكلدا",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 218,
"top": 37,
"width": 159,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LISANUNA, Vol. 8, No. 2 (2018)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 780,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "76",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 84,
"width": 391,
"height": 119,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ـاشى نبا ،نىلاهكلا نسلحا نبا حرش نىلاهكلا ـاشى ىلع .تد ، لدلذا رون ،اياباروس . ،فكرخآك ،بُفح ،فصان ةهبرعلا ةغللا دعاوق .تد ،ةمكلحا ،اياباروس . ،داؤف ،ةمعن ةهبرعلا ةغللا دعاوق صخلم .تد ،ةيادلذا ،اياباروس . ، يدب لهمار ،بوقعي بارعلإاك ؼرصلاك وحنلا ةعوسوم .ط ،بْيلالدا ملعلا راد ،تكبّب . 2 ، 0992 .",
"type": "Picture"
}
] |
5a8df7c1-1255-09d2-85c8-9c1b12fd7291 | https://ejurnal.its.ac.id/index.php/sains_seni/article/download/57892/6500 | [
{
"left": 47,
"top": 24,
"width": 347,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL SAINS DAN SENI ITS Vol. 9, No. 2 (2020), 2337-3520 (2301-928X Print)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 528,
"top": 24,
"width": 23,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "F123",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 254,
"width": 246,
"height": 236,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak—Sebanyak 87% mahasiswa Indonesia mengaku salah jurusan. Kurangnya riset mendalam sebelum mendaftarkan diri menjadi salah satu faktor utama. Media digital menjadi alat yang paling efektif untuk mencari informasi. Perancangan video motion graphic ini bertujuan untuk membantu calon mahasiswa memperoleh informasi dan memahami jurusan kampus yang diminati dengan studi kasus Teknik Kelautan dan Teknik Perkapalan. Metode yang digunakan yakni metode eksperimental awal untuk merancang alur video disertai dengan studi eksisting terdahulu, depth interview kepada mahasiswa 2 program studi berbeda yang mengalami kasus terkait dan studi literatur. Data yang didapatkan diolah menjadi konsep storyboard dan video. Hasil analisis diwujudkan dalam proses desain yakni membuat video final. Metode yang digunakan sekanjutnya adalah metode evaluatif dengan ahli motion graphic dan akademisi jurusan terkait. Hasil dari perancangan ini adalah sebuah video motion graphic yang berisikan tentang informasi yang dibutuhkan calon mahasiswa seperti penjelasan jurusan, prospek pekerjaan, mata kuliah yang dipelajari, kompetensi yang harus dimiliki calon mahasiswa, serta universitas yang menyediakan jurusan tersebut yang nantinya dapat diakses oleh target segmen melalui platform YouTube.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 503,
"width": 246,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci—Video Motion Graphic, Pengenalan Jurusan, Teknik Kelautan dan Teknik Perkapalan, Calon Mahasiswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 124,
"top": 542,
"width": 91,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "I. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 558,
"width": 246,
"height": 226,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ERKULIAHAN menjadi salah satu gerbang seseorang dalam memulai kehidupan lebih profesional. Banyak keprofesian yang dapat dipilih seseorang mulai dari memilih jurusan yang ada di setiap kampus. Namun menurut hasil penelitian Indonesia Career Center Network (ICCN) tahun 2017, sebanyak 87% mahasiswa Indonesia mengakui bahwa jurusan yang diambil tidak sesuai dengan minatnya, atau dengan kata lain salah jurusan. Pada tahun 2017 melalui survey independen oleh CEO Aku Pintar, didapatkan data sebanyak 71,7% pekerja tidak memilih profesi linier dengan apa yang dipelajari dalam perkuliahan. Tech Incubator Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) yakni Youth Manual, melakukan penelitian selama 2 tahun untuk mendalami lebih dari 400.000 data profil siswa dan mahasiswa di seluruh Indonesia. Dari hasil penelitian, ditemukan fakta bahwa 92% siswa SMA/SMK sederajat tidak tahu akan menjadi apa ke depaannya dan 45% mahasiswa merasa salah jurusan. Sementara keputusan yang mereka buat sehubungan dengan pemilihan jurusan kuliah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 714,
"width": 246,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "tersebut akan turut menentukan masa depan kehidupan mereka mendatang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 738,
"width": 246,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut IDN Times, salah satu faktor kuat terjadinya fenomena mahasiswa salah jurusan adalah karena calon mahasiswa kurang riset terhadap jurusan yang diambil pada saat mendaftar. Informasi yang kurang akurat membuat calon",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 52,
"width": 479,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perancangan Video Motion Graphic Pengenalan Jurusan Kampus untuk Calon Mahasiswa (Studi Kasus: Jurusan Teknik Kelautan dan Teknik Perkapalan)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 189,
"top": 176,
"width": 216,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nanda Achmad Bachrus Sholeh 1 , dan Sayatman 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 188,
"width": 327,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Departemen Desain Produk, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 201,
"width": 381,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 Departemen Desain Komunikasi Visual, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 230,
"top": 214,
"width": 135,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-mail : [email protected] 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 556,
"width": 24,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 698,
"width": 86,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1. Alur penelitian.",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 24,
"width": 347,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL SAINS DAN SENI ITS Vol. 9, No. 2 (2020), 2337-3520 (2301-928X Print)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 528,
"top": 24,
"width": 23,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "F124",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 383,
"width": 246,
"height": 408,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mahasiswa berekspektasi tinggi. Dr. Eng. Unggul Wasiwitono, ST., M.Eng.Sc sebagai Kepala SubDit. Admisi Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya juga menambahkan bahwa adanya media video pengenalan jurusan kampus yang dipublikasikan secara daring membantu calon mahasiswa dalam melakukan riset dan meningkatkan wawasan calon mahasiswa terhadap jurusan-jurusan yang ada. Secara umum, gaya belajar manusia dibedakan ke dalam tiga kelompok besar, yaitu gaya belajar visual, gaya belajar auditorial dan gaya belajar kinestetik. Di antara ketiganya, visual mendominasi yang dipilih oleh para pembelajar terutama generasi muda [1]. Adapun jenis media dapat berupa Above The Line ( TV, Internet, Koran, Majalah ) maupun Below The Line ( Billboard, Brosur, Marchendise, Ambient Media, dan lain-lain) [2]. Perancangan ini berfokus pada media Above the line dengan kategori internet. Output desain berupa video materi edukatif. Dikutip dari infografis Quick Sprout, YouTube merupakan situs mesin pencari kedua yang paling banyak digunakan di dunia. Artinya, ketika orang- orang mencari informasi, mereka akan lebih memanfaatkan YouTube [3]. Video YouTube menjadi media baru dalam pembelajaran interaktif siswa tingkat tersier atau menengah ke atas [4]. Penggunaan video menjadi begitu merajalela, bahkan tersedia melalui perangkat mobile. Sebelumnya penggunaan film dan video untuk melengkapi pengajaran telah banyak dipromosikan pada tahun 1950-an [5]. Ketersediaan teknologi pendidikan dan video yang diproduksi sendiri, kemudian ditempatkan di YouTube juga telah membuat pengajaran lebih menarik. Selain itu, YouTube juga digunakan untuk mengilustrasikan konten teoritis, melibatkan siswa, dan menginspirasi metode pengajaran yang inovatif [6]. Data ini diperkuat oleh hasil riset Wearesosial dan Hootsuite yang dirilis Januari 2020, menyatakan bahwa pada tahun 2019 trend media semakin",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 516,
"width": 246,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dominan dimiliki oleh konten yang dikemas melalui video online. Sebanyak 99% pengguna mengkonsumsi video ketika menjelajah internet setiap bulannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 552,
"width": 246,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ada pun video pengenalan jurusan yang ada saat ini masih terbatas, beberapa di antaranya yang cukup populer di platform YouTube adalah kanal Rencanamu, Republika Mahasiswa, dan Edulab Indonesia. Maka dari data yang ada tersebut, diperlukan media alternatif berupa video yang menjelaskan pengenalan jurusan kampus yang lebih menarik, informatif dan bertanggung jawab untuk menjawab permasalahan yang dimiliki oleh calon mahasiswa baru.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 648,
"width": 246,
"height": 142,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Produk media motion graphic salah satu media pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa [7]. Trend motion graphic sedang berkembang pesat dan sangat digemari masyarakat [8]. Motion graphic design adalah penciptaan gambar dalam waktu dan ruang yang berfokus pada struktur planar dan suara. Kombinasi gambar duplikasi, kontras, arah, ukuran, kecepatan, bentuk, dan warna perubahan dapat membuat pesan sederhana yang cocok untuk format media baru saat ini [9]. Membandingkan dengan animasi tradisional, motion graphic lebih informatif dan praktis. Motion graphic dapat menyampaikan informasi lengkap dalam waktu singkat,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 368,
"width": 87,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2. Bagan Big idea.",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 270,
"width": 145,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 3. Logo kanal YouTube “Jadi Tau”.",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 499,
"width": 111,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 4. Potongan narasi video.",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 24,
"width": 347,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL SAINS DAN SENI ITS Vol. 9, No. 2 (2020), 2337-3520 (2301-928X Print)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 528,
"top": 24,
"width": 23,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "F125",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 390,
"width": 246,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "memperdalam pengalaman penonton dan meningkatkan suasana tema sehingga cocok dengan karakteristik sosial yang cepat berubah saat ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 427,
"width": 246,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dilansir dari media Kompas.com, 4 jurusan teknik jarang dilirik tapi banyak dibutuhkan adalah Teknik Kelautan, Teknik Perkapalan, Teknik Pengelasan, dan Teknik Perpipaan. Dari keempat jurusan tersebut, Teknik Perkapalan dan Teknik Kelautan menjadi jurusan yang berpotensi lebih mudah dikenal jika dibandingkan Teknik Pengelasan dan Teknik Perpipaan karena sudah ada beberapa perguruan tinggi yang membuka program studi tersebut. Teknik Pengelasaan dan Perpipaan saat ini hanya ada di Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya. Sehingga dalam perancangan ini, Teknik Perkapalan dan Teknik Kelautan dipilih sebagai studi kasus.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 577,
"width": 101,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A. Identifikasi Masalah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 592,
"width": 246,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Masih banyaknya jumlah kasus mahasiswa salah memilih jurusan kuliah.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 616,
"width": 246,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Tidak sedikit lulusan sarjana yang bekerja tidak sejalan dengan jurusan yang diambil pada saat kuliah.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 640,
"width": 246,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Pentingnya mengenalkan jurusan yang kini semakin beragam kepada calon mahasiswa.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 664,
"width": 246,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4) Jurusan Teknik Kelautan dan Teknik Perkapalan contoh jurusan yang jarang diperhatikan namun memiliki peluang besar di dunia kerja.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 701,
"width": 246,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5) Trend motion graphic sedang berkembang pesat dan sangat digemari masyarakat.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 731,
"width": 93,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B. Rumusan Masalah",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 743,
"width": 246,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "“Bagaimana merancang video motion graphic pengenalan jurusan kampus sesuai kebutuhan user calon mahasiswa dengan studi kasus Teknik Kelautan dan Teknik Perkapalan?”",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 244,
"width": 89,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "C. Batasan Masalah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 259,
"width": 246,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Perancangan ini dibuat untuk membantu calon mahasiswa mengenal jurusan sebelum ke jenjang perkuliahan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 295,
"width": 246,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Jumlah jurusan yang dikenalkan dalam perancangan ini dibatasi 2 yaitu Teknik Kelautan dan Teknik Perkapalan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 319,
"width": 246,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Perancangan dibatasi pada pembuatan 2 video motion graphic dengan total durasi 4 menit masing-masing video",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 355,
"width": 246,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4) Video disampaikan melalui ilustrasi vektor dengan motion graphic",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 379,
"width": 226,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5) Video akan dipublikasikan dengan media YouTube",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 391,
"width": 246,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6) Perguruan tinggi yang menjadi acuan adalah Perguruan Tinggi Negeri yang ada di Indonesia",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 422,
"width": 50,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "D. Tujuan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 436,
"width": 246,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perancangan ini bertujuan untuk membuat video motion graphic yang membantu calon mahasiswa mengenal dan memahami jurusan kampus, dapat diakses secara mudah di kanal YouTube. Studi kasus yang digunakan adalah jurusan Teknik Kelautan dan Teknik Perkapalan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 514,
"width": 146,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "II. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 530,
"width": 80,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A. Alur Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 544,
"width": 246,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada Gambar 1 adalah kerangka penelitian yang digunakan dalam melaksanakan perancangan ini .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 575,
"width": 92,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B. Metode Penelitian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 592,
"width": 57,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Eksploratif",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 607,
"width": 246,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahap eksploratif adalah tahap pencarian data. Dalam tahap eksploratif, data pendukung menjadi bahan untuk untuk nantinya dilakukan metode eksperimental. Metode ini digunakan untuk merancang perencanaan konsep video secara kasar. Metode eksperimental juga digunakan untuk merancang konsep utama dan alur video yang akan dibuat. Hasil dari proses ini adalah sebuah rancangan storyboard yang nantinya dibawa saat prototyping.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 706,
"width": 53,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Protyping",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 721,
"width": 247,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode prototyping adalah tahap setelah storyboard dibuat dan merupakan tahap produksi video. Konsep diolah dengan cara pengambilan video sesuai dengan yang direncanakan, serta editing video yang dibutuhkan. Dalam proses ini juga dilakukan expert test yang berguna menggali kelebihan dan kekurangan video dari sudut pandang expert bidang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 210,
"width": 106,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 5. Cuplikan storyboard.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 374,
"width": 128,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 6. Sampel sketsa gaya gambar.",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 222,
"width": 122,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 7. Sampel gaya gambar final.",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 24,
"width": 347,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL SAINS DAN SENI ITS Vol. 9, No. 2 (2020), 2337-3520 (2301-928X Print)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 528,
"top": 24,
"width": 23,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "F126",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 347,
"width": 246,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "videografi. Proses ini berulang 1 kali untuk menghasilkan video yang akan diberikan kepada calon user .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 374,
"width": 49,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Evaluatif",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 388,
"width": 246,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode evaluatif ini berguna mengevaluasi hasil yang telah dicapai pada tahapan-tahapan sebelumnya. Setelah mendapatkan feedback dari expert, video akan dievaluasi dengan catatan-catatan tertentu dan kembali kepada proses prototyping. Yang berbeda adalah hal ini hanya dilakukan 1x dan kemudian berlanjut kepada users test . Evaluasi dari catatan users test selanjutnya menjadi catatan penelitian untuk penelitaian selanjutnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 503,
"width": 146,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "III. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 518,
"width": 140,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A. Analisa Hasil Studi Eksisting",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 533,
"width": 246,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil riset dan studi eksisting yang dilakukan, terdapat beberapa poin penting yang ditemukan dalam pembuatan video motion graphic yang dikategorikan baik:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 569,
"width": 246,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Menampilkan gaya ilustrasi yang konsisten dengan tidak menggabungkan objek diluar dari gaya ilustrasi yang sudah ditentukan dari awal sampai akhir video.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 605,
"width": 246,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Video mempunyai alur cerita yang jelas dan informatif untuk penonton.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 630,
"width": 246,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Tidak memberikan informasi yang terlalu banyak agar mudah dipahami penonton dan tidak membuat bosan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 654,
"width": 246,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Memberikan narasi yang ringan dan sederhana serta narator yang ramah dan interaktif.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 678,
"width": 246,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Menggunakan tone warna yang cerah agar terkesan menyenangkan tidak membosankan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 702,
"width": 246,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. Mencantumkan judul dan identitas yang jelas serta keikutsertaan stakeholder dalam bumper video.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 732,
"width": 106,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B. Karakteristik Audiens",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 747,
"width": 246,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Karakteristik audiens diperoleh dari kuesioner yang diisi oleh 221 responden. Secara umum terget audiens dari video ini adalah semua gender, baik laki-laki maupun perempuan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 349,
"width": 246,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "selama memiliki ketertarikan mengetahui informasi mengenai pengenalan jurusan kampus. Rentang usia yang ditargetkan adalah 17-19 tahun, khususnya yang saat ini sedang duduk di bangku sekolah kelas XI dan XII SMA. Memiliki kecenderungan penggunaan media sosial terutama YouTube. Lebih menyukai media video dalam memperoleh informasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 440,
"width": 124,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "C. Analisa Depth Interview 1",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 455,
"width": 246,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Depth Interview 1 adalah proses yang dilakukan setelah melakukan Eksperimental 1 yang meliputi konsep dasar dan storyboard . Berdasarkan hasil riset yang dilakukan pada Depth Interview 2, terdapat beberapa poin penting evaluasi yang ditemukan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 515,
"width": 246,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Konsep yang dibuat cukup bagus karena memiliki prospek yang cukup baik di masa depan. Solusi yang diberikan cukup inovatif karena belum ada media alternatif sejenis yang ada saat ini.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 563,
"width": 246,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Pada dasarnya storyboard adalah media yang digunakan untuk memudahkan komunikasi antara konseptor, desainer, dan motion graphic designer. Maka, unsur paling penting dalam storyboard adalah komunikatif, bisa jadi tidak perlu sangat bagus. Yang pasti antara pihak satu dengan yang lainnya paham dengan penyampaian konsep.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 648,
"width": 246,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Perlu disertakan tulisan penjelas di storyboard untuk memudahkan pihak-pihak terkait memahami cerita dan konsep gerakan, hal ini penting terutama ketika tidak dapat bertatap muka secara langsung.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 702,
"width": 125,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "D. Analisa Depth Interview 2",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 717,
"width": 246,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Depth Interview 2 adalah proses yang dilakukan setelah melakukan Eksperimental 2 yang meliputi gaya desain. Berdasarkan hasil riset yang dilakukan pada Depth Interview 2, terdapat beberapa poin penting evaluasi yang ditemukan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 765,
"width": 246,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Gaya desain yang dibuat cukup sederhana. Artinya tidak akan membuat desainer keropotan ketika nantinya video",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 188,
"width": 133,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 8. Cuplikan proses compositing.",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 331,
"width": 126,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 9. Cuplikan proses animating.",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 187,
"width": 122,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 10. Cuplikan proses scoring.",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 334,
"width": 126,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 11. Cuplikan proses finishing.",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 24,
"width": 347,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL SAINS DAN SENI ITS Vol. 9, No. 2 (2020), 2337-3520 (2301-928X Print)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 528,
"top": 24,
"width": 23,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "F127",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 251,
"width": 228,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sejenis ini diproduksi secara rutin untuk dipublikasikan melalui YouTube.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 275,
"width": 246,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Ada beberapa perpaduan warna yang perlu diselaraskan kembali sehingga membuat penonton akan lebih nyaman dan betah menonton video.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 311,
"width": 246,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Shape design yang digunakan dalam beberapa bagian kurang rapi, perlu diperbaiki terutama di objek makhluk hidup yang butuh kesan natural.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 353,
"width": 98,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E. Analisa Hasil Akhir",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 368,
"width": 246,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil riset yang dilakukan dan studi, eksperimen 3 yang meliputi desain akhir video motion graphic , terdapat beberapa poin penting evaluasi akhir yang ditemukan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 416,
"width": 246,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Menampilkan gaya ilustrasi yang konsisten dengan tidak menggabungkan objek diluar dari gaya ilustrasi yang sudah ditentukan. Dari awal sampai akhir video, informasi yang disampaikan sudah bisa diterima oleh audiens dengan jelas, voice over sudah cukup baik namun BGM sedikit perlu diturunkan volumenya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 489,
"width": 246,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Gaya desain sudah cukup sesuai dengan apa yang sudah menjadi hasil riset sebelumnya, sangat kuat kesan video explainer . Ada lebih baiknya memainkan Depth of Field .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 525,
"width": 246,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Motion Graphic perlu pengembangan ketika audiens memiliki referensi video sebelumnya atau kompetitor yang lebih baik.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 561,
"width": 246,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Video durasi lebih dari 4 menit hampir saja membuat jenuh karena penyampaian yang terlalu bertele-tele.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 585,
"width": 246,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Ada bagian yang menurut audiens perlu ditambahkan visualisasi yang lebih menarik yaitu pada bagian mata kuliah yang dipelajari. Karena yang disampaikan cukup banyak mungkin akan lebih menarik jika divisualisasikan juga, tidak hanya tulisan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 664,
"width": 100,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "IV. KONSEP DESAIN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 679,
"width": 72,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A. Pra Produksi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 697,
"width": 47,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Big Idea",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 711,
"width": 246,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Konsep yang ditawarkan dalam perancangan ini adalah “Jadi Tau”. Jadi pesan yang ingin disampaikan dalam video ini adalah memperkenalkan atau memberi tahukan kepada semua calon mahasiswa bahwa bisa jadi banyak yang belum diketahui dan dipahami oleh calon mahasiswa tentang jurusan yang dituju. Big idea yang digunakan terdapat pada",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 53,
"width": 45,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 65,
"width": 246,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan konsep tersebut, diperlukan sebuah cara penyampaian yang sesuai agar target konsumen dapat menangkap maksud dari pesan kita. Karena video yang efektif adalah video yang menarik perhatian, tidak membosankan, penjelasan tidak terlalu rumit atau banyak, dan selalu menggaris bawahi poin yang ingin disampaikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 140,
"width": 72,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Strategi Media",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 155,
"width": 246,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media pendistribusian video ini yaitu melalui kanal YouTube yang merupakan media publikasi video yang sangat sering digunakan target konsumen saat ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 191,
"width": 246,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada kanal YouTube, strategi monetasi yang dilakukan kedepannya adalah dengan memanfaatkan Adsense, yang bergantung pada jumlah penonton dari video yang diunggah, kerjasama dengan sponsor eksternal yang memiliki bidang yang selaras dengan edukasi perguruan tinggi. Seperti kanal youtube yang ditunjukkan pada Gambar 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 267,
"width": 40,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Narasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 281,
"width": 246,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Narasi dari video ini menggunakan bahasa indonesia dengan gaya bahasa yang santai dan interaktif, agar informasi yang dikomunikasikan tidak terlalu berat bagi penonton dan bisa dinikmati dengan mudah dan jelas. Narasi disampaikan melalui alur cerita dengan dengan pembagian babak yang teridiri dari pembukaan, pengenalan karakter pendukung, potensi pekerjaan, seluk beluk jurusan, dan penutup seperti potongan narasi yang ditunjukkan pada Gambar 4.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 381,
"width": 58,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4) Storyboard",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 395,
"width": 236,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahap storyboarding dilakukan dengan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 407,
"width": 246,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mengimplementasikan visual development pada naskah yang telah dibuat. Storyboard yang hasilkan berupa storyboard cetak dan animatic storyboard seperti contoh yang ditunjukkan pada Gambar 5.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 462,
"width": 55,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B. Produksi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 476,
"width": 246,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahap produksi dimulai dengan memvisualiasikan narasi yang sudah dibuat mengguanakan perangkat lunak. Dibagi menjadi 2 yaitu tahap sketsa dan desain final sebagai berikut;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 515,
"width": 98,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Sketsa Gaya Gambar",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 530,
"width": 246,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setelah mendapatkan gambaran referensi moodbard , penulis membuat alternatif bentuk gaya gambar yang akan digunakan dalam perancangan seperti pada Gambar 6.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 569,
"width": 65,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Desain Final",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 584,
"width": 246,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari sketsa tersebut, diambil satu standar desain yang akan diimplementasikan pada desain karakter seperti sampel yang ditunjukkan pada Gambar 7.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 626,
"width": 82,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "C. Pasca Produksi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 643,
"width": 64,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Compositing",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 658,
"width": 246,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Compositing adalah proses merangkai berbagai aset kedalam program animasi untuk menciptakan sebuah adegan animasi. Proses ini terdiri dari menata aset kedalam 3d layer, penataan pencahayaan, pengaturan kamera dan pemberian efek animasi bila dibutuhkan menggunakan perangkat lunak computer seperti pada Gambar 8.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 733,
"width": 54,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Animating",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 748,
"width": 246,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proses penganimasian dilakukan pada perangkat lunak komputer. Teknik penggerakan aset karakter dilakukan dengan proses rigging . Teknik pengambilan gambar juga",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 234,
"width": 133,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 12. Potongan desain akhir video.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 24,
"width": 347,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL SAINS DAN SENI ITS Vol. 9, No. 2 (2020), 2337-3520 (2301-928X Print)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 528,
"top": 24,
"width": 23,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "F128",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 53,
"width": 246,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menggunakan proses penganimasian pada kamera, yang ketika digunakan untuk mengambil gambar pada 3D layer akan menghasilkan efek parallax atau ilusi gerak dimensi seperti pada Gambar 9.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 104,
"width": 44,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Scoring",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 119,
"width": 246,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proses scoring ini adalah proses penataan suara dalam animasi. Efek suara yang dibutuhkan terdiri dari suara narasi, BGM dan efek suara tambahan lainnya. Konfigurasi volume untuk narasi 80% volume master (5dB), BGM 25% volume master (-0.3 dB), dan efek suara 35% volume master (-0.1 dB) seperti pada Gambar 10.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 194,
"width": 51,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4) Finishing",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 209,
"width": 246,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proses finishing dilakukan pada akhir produksi. Dalam proses ini dilakukan penggabung seluruh scene animasi, tambahan title informasi serta penambahan efek warna tambahan dalam animasi seperti pada Gambar 11.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 260,
"width": 144,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5) Potongan Video Motion Graphic",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 275,
"width": 246,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada Gambar 12 merupakan beberapa potongan bagian dalam desain akhir video yang sudah melewati paska produksi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 329,
"width": 143,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "V. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 344,
"width": 66,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A. Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 359,
"width": 246,
"height": 129,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berikut adalah kesimpulan yang diperoleh penulis dalam proses penelitian: (1) Perancangan video motion graphic pengenalan jurusan kampus ini merupakan usaha untuk memberikan alternatif baru media pengenalan jurusan kampus PTN di Indonesia dengan konsep motion graphic berdurasi 4 menit di setiap videonya; (2) Mengangkat informasi yang dibutuhkan oleh calon mahasiswa, video ini berisikan informasi tentang penjelasan jurusan, prospek pekerjaan, mata kuliah yang dipelajari, kompetensi yang harus dimiliki calon mahasiswa, serta universitas yang menyediakan jurusan; (3) Hasil dari produksi dapat diakses",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 53,
"width": 246,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "melalui YouTube yang nantinya akan secara berkala menambahkan video jurusan lain yang lebih beragam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 83,
"width": 42,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B. Saran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 98,
"width": 246,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berikut adalah kesimpulan yang diperoleh penulis dalam proses penelitian: (1) Penjelaskan mata kuliah apa saja yang dipelajari lebih baik diganti dengan capaian pembelajaran jurusan yang disampaikan; (2) Akan lebih menarik jika ditambahkan lama tunggu pekerjaan lulusan, karena sekarang sudah banyak calon mahasiswa yang mengejar prospek karir yang pasti; (3) Penampilan angka dengan jumlah yang banyak dan kompleks lebih baik dibulatkan agar memudahkan penonton ketika membaca.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 383,
"top": 224,
"width": 91,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 238,
"width": 245,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[1] B. De Porter and M. Hernacki, Quantum Learning : Unleashing the Genius In You . New York: Dell Publishing, 1992.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 258,
"width": 246,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[2] F. Rangkuti, Strategi Promosi yang Kreatif dan Analisis Kasus Integrated Marketing Communication . Jakarata: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2013.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 284,
"width": 246,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[3] J. Helianthusonfri, YouTube Marketing : Panduan Praktis dan Lengkap Belajar Pemasaran Lewat Youtube . Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo, 2016.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 313,
"width": 246,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[4] S. June, A. Yaacob, and Y. K. Kheng, “Assessing the use of YouTube videos and interactive activities as a critical thinking stimulator for tertiary students: An action research.,” Int. Educ. Stud. , vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 56–67, 2014.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 350,
"width": 245,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[5] G. Marchionini, “Video and learning redux: New capabilities for practical use,” Educ. Technol. , vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 36–41, 2003.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 368,
"width": 245,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[6] J. Agazio and K. M. Buckley, “An untapped resource: Using YouTube in nursing education,” Nurse Educ. , vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 23–28, 2009.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 386,
"width": 246,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[7] A. Purwanti and H. Haryanto, “Pengembangan motion graphic pembelajaran mata pelajaran pendidikan kewarganegaraan kelas I sekolah dasar,” J. Inov. Teknol. Pendidik. , vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 190–200, 2015.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 423,
"width": 246,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[8] F. Nugroho and M. P. Kurniawan, “Perancangan dan pembuatan animasi motion graphic profil kantor wilayah kementerian agama Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta,” Naskah Publ. Fak. Ilmu Komput. Univ. Amikom Yogyakarta , 2017.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 460,
"width": 245,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[9] B. Evans, “Foundations of a visual music,” Comput. Music J. , vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 11–24, 2005.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
aab84b7d-c434-2d73-ef20-19dc33308d8d | https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/jkp/article/download/5271/4784 | [
{
"left": 121,
"top": 74,
"width": 361,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP PERAWAT DENGAN PENANGANAN ASFIKSIA BERAT PADA BAYI BARU LAHIR DI RUANG NICU RSUP PROF DR R.D KANDOU MANADO",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 247,
"top": 129,
"width": 104,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sutriani Lumatauw",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 259,
"top": 143,
"width": 81,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lucky Kumaat",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 246,
"top": 157,
"width": 106,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Michael Karundeng",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 184,
"width": 441,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado Persatuan Perawat Nasional Indonesia Email : [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 239,
"width": 457,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract: Asphyxia neonatorum was an emergency baby condition that can not breathe spontaneously and regularly, so it can decrease oxygen and increase carbon dioxide their lead to bad consequences in further life. Role of the nurse in helping the newborn, especially infants with severe asphyxia is to be able to realize good coordination, quality of service standards and nurses equipped with the knowledge and service processes should be given equipped with the right attitude. purpose of research was to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of nurses with handling severe asphyxia in newborns. The research method in this study uses survey research methods analytic cross sectional design. Samples in this study uses total sampling as many as 15 people. Research results using statistical analysis chi-square test value obtained p = 1.000> α = 0.05. Research Conclusion there was no correlation between knowledge and attitudes of nurses with handling severe asphyxia in newborns in NICU room at RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 419,
"width": 276,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords : Asphyxia neonatorum, knowledge, attitudes",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 446,
"width": 457,
"height": 191,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak: Asfiksia neonatorum adalah keadaan gawat bayi yang tidak dapat bernafas spontan dan teratur, sehingga dapat menurunkan oksigen dan meningkatkan karbon dioksida yang menimbulkan akibat buruk dalam kehidupan lebih lanjut. Peran perawat dalam membantu bayi baru lahir terutama bayi yang mengalami Asfiksia berat yaitu mampu mewujudkan koordinasi yang baik, standar pelayanan yang berkualitas serta perawat dibekali dengan pengetahuan dan proses pelayanan yang diberikan harus dibekali dengan sikap yang benar. Tujuan penelitian ialah untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap perawat dengan penanganan Asfiksia berat pada bayi baru lahir. Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian survey analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik total sampling yaitu sebanyak 15 orang. Hasil penelitian menggunakan analisis uji statistik chi-square didapatkan nilai p = 1,000 >α = 0,05. Kesimpulan peneitian ini yaitu tidak ada hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap perawat dengan penanganan Asfiksia berat pada bayi baru lahir di Ruang NICU RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 653,
"width": 268,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci : Asfiksia neonatorum, pengetahuan, sikap",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 96,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 87,
"width": 212,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Asfiksia neonatorum adalah suatu keadaan bayi baru lahir yang gagal bernapas secara spontan dan teratur segera setelah lahir sehingga dapat menurunkan O 2 dan mungkin meningkatkan CO 2, Adanya ganggguan pertukaran gas atau pengangkutan O 2 dari ibu ke janin ini menimbulkan akibat buruk dalam kehidupan lebih lanjut (Prawiroharjo, 2011).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 225,
"width": 212,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Asfiksia neonatorum adalah suatu keadaan bayi baru lahir yang mengalami gagal bernapas secara spontan dan teratur segera setelah lahir, sehingga bayi tidak dapat memasukkan oksigen dan tidak dapat mengeluarkan zat asam arang dari tubuhnya. umumnya akan mengalami Asfiksia pada saat dilahirkan (Dewi, 2011).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 350,
"width": 212,
"height": 190,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Asfiksia berat termasuk dalam bayi baru lahir dengan risiko tinggi karena memiliki kemungkinan lebih besar mengalami kematian bayi atau menjadi sakit berat dalam masa neonatal. Oleh karena itu, Asfiksia berat memerlukan intervensi dan tindakan perawat yang tepat untuk meminimalkan terjadinya kematian bayi, yaitu dengan pelaksanaan manajemen Asfiksia neonatorum pada bayi baru lahir yang bertujuan untuk mempertahankan kelangsungan hidup bayi dan membatasi gejala sisa berupa kelainan neurologi yang mungkin muncul (Rukiyah, 2011).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 543,
"width": 212,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peran perawat dalam membantu bayi baru lahir terutama bayi yang mengalami Asfiksia berat yaitu bertanggung jawab untuk mampu mewujudkan koordinasi yang baik, dan standar pelayanan yang berkualitas serta perawat dibekali dengan pengetahuan dan proses pelayanan yang diberikan harus dibekali dengan sikap yang benar (JNPK-KR, 2008).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 667,
"width": 215,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penilaian Apgar Skor sangat penting untuk meminimalkan Asfiksia pada bayi yang merupakan kelanjutan dari nilai apgar yang rendah. Pada waktu persalinan denyut jantung bayi juga harus di pantau dengan dopler atau linek untuk mengetahui kesejahteraan janin dalam kandungan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 74,
"width": 212,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penilaian ini tidak hanya dilakukan sesaat setelah lahir, tetapi juga dilakukan pada menit kelima serta menit kesepuluh setelah kelahiran bayi. Apgar skor merupakan suatu metode sederhana yang dipakai oleh bidan untuk menilai keadaan bayi sesaat setelah lahir (Prawirohardjo, 2011).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 170,
"width": 212,
"height": 480,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut World Health Organization (WHO) 2010, setiap tahunnya 120 juta bayi lahir di dunia, Kira-kira 3,6 juta (3%) dari 120 juta bayi mengalami asfiksia neonatorum, hampir 1 juta (27,78%) bayi ini meninggal (Sari, 2011). Di Indonesia, Asfiksia berat pada pada bayi baru lahir menjadi penyebab kematian 19% dari 5 juta kematian bayi baru lahir setiap tahun. Angka kejadian Asfiksia berat di rumah sakit pusat rujukan propinsi di Indonesia berkisar 41,94%. Data mengungkapkan bahwa kira-kira 10% bayi baru lahir membutuhkan bantuan untuk mulai bernafas, dari bantuan ringan sampai resusitasi lanjut yang ekstensif, 5% bayi pada saat lahir membutuhkan tindakan resusitasi yang ringan seperti stimulasi untuk bernafas, antara 1% sampai 10% bayi baru lahir dirumah sakit membutuhkan bantuan ventilasi dan sedikit saja yang membutuhkan intubasi dan kompresi dada (Saifudin, 2011). Salah satu faktor yang sangat mempengaruhi terjadinya kematian bayi adalah kemampuan dan keterampilan penolong persalinan, sesuai dengan pesan pertama kunci Making Pregnancy Safer (MPS) yaitu setiap persalinan hendaknya ditolong oleh tenaga kesehatan dalam hal ini perawat terlatih. Faktor lainnya karena kurangnya pengetahuan dan perilaku masyarakat yang tidak mengenali tanda bahaya dan terlambat membawa ibu, bayi dan balita sakit ke fasilitas kesehatan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 653,
"width": 212,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan kejadian asfiksia neonatorum di Sulawesi Selatan pada tahun 2009 sebanyak 151 kasus (18,39%), pada tahun 2010 mengalami penurunan menjadi 392 kasus (16,59%), dan pada tahun 2011 mengalami peningkatan yaitu terdapat 212 kasus",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 212,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(21,74%) asfiksia neonatorum (Dinkes Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, 2011).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 101,
"width": 212,
"height": 439,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Survei pendahuluan yang dilakukan di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D Kandou Manado ruang Neonatus Intencive Care Unit (NICU) pada tanggal 16 April 2014 diperoleh data jumlah total bayi yang dirawat pada bulan januari sampai dengan desember tahun 2013 ada 1.111 bayi, total bayi yang meninggal ada 421 (37,89%). Jumlah bayi yang memiliki riwayat Asfiksia berat ada 209 kasus (49,64%), berat badan lahir rendah 127 kasus (30,16%), kelainan congenital 44 kasus (10,45%), dan sepsis 41 kasus (9,73%). Hasil wawancara langsung juga kepada kepala ruangan didapat jumlah keseluruhan perawat DII dan DIV yang bekerja di ruang NICU yaitu ada 15 orang perawat. Hampir semua perawat diruangan sudah menangani kasus Asfiksia berat pada bayi baru lahir, hanya saja untuk penanganan Asfiksia berat dilakukan pertim atau dibagi dalam tim tiap Shift, dilihat juga dari pengalaman, masa kerja dan kompetensi yang dimiliki perawat-perawat dirungan. Berdasarkan survei pendahuluan dan pokok pikiran di atas, maka penulis tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian tentang hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap perawat dengan penanganan Asfiksia Berat pada Bayi Baru Lahir di ruang Neonatus Intencive Care Unit NICU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D Kandou Manado.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 557,
"width": 134,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 570,
"width": 212,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian Survei Analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional dimana data yang menyangkut variabel Indepeden (bebas) dan variabel Dependen (terikat), akan dikumpulkan dalam waktu yang bersamaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 150,
"top": 653,
"width": 133,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Notoatmodjo, 2010).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 667,
"width": 212,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di Ruang Neoatus Intensive care unit NICU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D Kandou Manado. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 15 perawat diploma III, dan diploma IV di ruang Neonatus Intencive Care Unit NICU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D Kandou Manado.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 74,
"width": 212,
"height": 328,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik pengambilan non probability (non random/tidak acak) dengan metode total sampling. Dengan besar sampel berjumlah 15 sampel sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar Kuesioner yang mengacu pada konsep yang dimodifikasi oleh peneliti. Kuesioner ini dibagi menjadi 3 bagian: Bagian pertama adalah pengetahuan perawat dengan penanganan Asfiksia berat pada bayi baru lahir terdiri dari 10 pertanyaan, Bagian kedua adalah kuesioner tentang sikap perawat dengan penanganan pasca Asfiksia pada bayi baru lahir, penilaian terdiri dari 5 pertanyaan positif dan sisanya pertanyaan negative, negatif diberi skor <25 Dengan menggunakan skala Likert, Bagian ketiga adalah kuesioner penanganan asfiksia berat pada bayi baru lahir yang mengacu pada standar operasional prosedur di ruangan dengan jumlah pertanyaan 10.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 405,
"width": 212,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengelolahan data melalui tahap editing, coding, procesing, transferring, cleaning dan kemudian analisa data yang terdiri dari univariat dan analisa bivariate yang menggunakan uji dengan tingkat kemaknaan α=≤0,05 Dengan Menggunakan bantuan program statistic computer. Etika dalam penelitian ini ditekankan pada informed consent,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 529,
"width": 143,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "anonymity, dan confidentialy.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 553,
"width": 158,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN A. HASIL",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 594,
"width": 212,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1.Distribusi Frekuensi Responden Menurut Umur Perawat di ruang NICU RSUP Prof. DR. RD. Kandou Manado Umur n % 23-26 4 22,4 32-39 8 56,5 43-47 3 21,1 Total 15 100.0",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 212,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2.Distribusi Frekuensi Responden Menurut Pendidikan Perawat di ruang NICU RSUP Prof. DR.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 115,
"width": 196,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "RD. Kandou Manado Pendidikan n % DIII 13 86,0 DIV 2 13,3 Total 15 100,0 Sumber: data primer 2014",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 218,
"width": 212,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 3.Distribusi Frekuensi Responden",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 232,
"width": 212,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Pengetahuan Perawat di ruang NICU RSUP Prof. DR. RD. Kandou Manado Pengetahuan N % Baik 14 6,7 Buruk 1 93,3 Total 15 100,0 Sumber: data primer 2014",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 360,
"width": 212,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 4.Distribusi Frekuensi Responden",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 374,
"width": 212,
"height": 256,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Sikap Perawat di ruang NICU RSUP Prof. DR. RD. Kandou Manado Sikap n % Baik 10 66,7 Buruk 5 33,3 Total 15 100,0 Sumber: data primer 2014 Tabel 4.Distribusi Frekuensi Responden Menurut Penanganan Asfiksia berat di ruang NICU RSUP Prof. DR. RD. Kandou Manado Penanganan n % Baik 8 53,3 Buruk 7 46,7 Total 15 100,0 Sumber: data primer 2014",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 651,
"width": 212,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 5.Pengetahuan Perawat Dengan Penanganan Asfiksia Berat Pada Bayi Baru Lahir di ruang NICU RSUP Prof. DR.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 707,
"width": 113,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "RD. Kandou Manado",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 74,
"width": 217,
"height": 227,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahu Perawat Penanganan Asfiksia Total p buruk Baik n % n % n % Buruk 0 0 1 100 1 100 1,00 baik 7 50 7 50 14 100 Total 7 46,7 8 53,3 15 100 Sumber: data primer 2014 Tabel 5. Sikap Perawat Dengan Penanganan Asfiksia Berat Pada Bayi Baru Lahir di ruang NICU RSUP Prof. DR. RD. Kandou Manado Sikap Perawat Penanganan Asfiksia Total p buruk baik n % n % n %",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 332,
"top": 303,
"width": 207,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Buruk 1 20 4 80 5 100 0,282 baik 6 60 4 40 10 100 Total 7 46,7 8 53,3 15 100",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 339,
"width": 131,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: data primer 2014",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 379,
"width": 106,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B. PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 393,
"width": 212,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan di ruang NICU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado pada tanggal 4 sampai dengan 11 bulan Juli tahun 2014 tentang hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap perawat dengan penanganan Asfiksia berat pada bayi baru lahir di ruang NICU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado dengan menggunakan 15 sampel.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 517,
"width": 212,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan karakteristik responden berdasarkan umur menunjukan bahwa responden yang berumur 23 sampai dengan 26 tahun berjumlah 4 orang (22,4%) sedangkan responden yang berumur 32 sampai dengan 39 tahun berjumlah 8 orang (56,5%) dan responden yang berumur 43 sampai dengan 47 tahun berjumlah 3 orang (21,1%).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 655,
"width": 212,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk tingkat pendidikan dari 20 responden didapatkan data responden yang berpendidikan DIII berjumlah 13 orang (86,0%) dan responden yang berpendidikan DIV berjumlah 2 orang (13,3%). Pendidikan adalah suatu usaha untuk mengembangkan kepribadian dan kemampuan seseorang didalam dan diluar",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 212,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sekolah dan berlangsung seumur hidup. Semakin banyak informasi yang masuk semakin banyak pula pengetahuan yang didapat tentang kesehatan. (Notoatmodjo, 2003).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 143,
"width": 212,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk pengetahuan perawat dari 15 responden hasil yang didapat sebagian besar perawat yang berpengetahuan baik yaitu 14 responden (93,3%) dan berpengetahuan buruk yaitu hanya 1 responden (6,7%). Pengetahuan sangat erat kaitannya dengan pendidikan dimana diharapkan seseorang dengan pendidikan tinggi, maka orang tersebut akan semakin luas pula pengetahuannya (Notoatmodjo, 2003).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 294,
"width": 212,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk sikap perawat, dari hasil penelitian yang didapat menunjukan bahwa sebagian besar perawat dengan sikap baik yaitu 10 orang (66,7%) dan sikap buruk yaitu 5 orang (33,3%). Menurut Heri Purwanto, sikap terdiri dari: Sikap positif, kecenderungan tindakan adalah mendekati, menyenangi, menghadapkan objek tertentu. Sikap negatif, kecenderungan untuk menjauh, menghindar, membenci, tidak menyukai objek tertentu (Zuriah,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 446,
"width": 34,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2005).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 460,
"width": 212,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan asumsi-asumsi diatas bahwa dengan semakin sering melakukan suatu perilaku maka sikap seseorang tersebut untuk melakukan perilaku yang sama juga akan semakin baik. Demikian juga dengan pengetahuan dan sikap perawat untuk penanganan Asfiksia berat pada bayi baru lahir, semakin sering dan semakin cenderung menyukai dan menyenangi pekerjaan diruangan, perawat semakin bisa melakukan penanganan dengan respon positif atau baik secara berkesinambungan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 639,
"width": 212,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk penanganan Asfiksia berat pada bayi baru lahir hasil penelitian yang di dapat menunjukan sebagian besar perawat dengan penanganan baik yaitu 8 orang (53,3%) dan dengan penanganan buruk 7 orang (46,7%). Asfiksia berat pada bayi baru lahir membutuhkan penanganan serius baik oleh dokter, perawat serta penolong peralinan. Bayi yang mengalami",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 74,
"width": 212,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Asfiksia berat akan mengalami gangguan pada berbagai fungsi organ, sehingga penanganannya memerlukan pendekatan multidisiplin. Penanganan ensefalopati hipoksik-iskemik meliputi upaya mempertahankan suhu tubuh bayi tetap normal, menjaga perfusi dan ventilasi yang baik, menjaga keseimbangan asam basa dan elektrolit serta penanganan kejang (Sari, 2003).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 212,
"width": 212,
"height": 272,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap perawat dengan penanganan asfiksia berat pada bayi baru lahir Dari hasil yang didapat pengetahuan perawat buruk dengan penanganan buruk itu tidak ada (0 %) dan untuk pengetahuan buruk dengan penanganan baik ada 1 (100 %). Kemudian untuk pengetahuan perawat baik dengan penanganan buruk hanya ada 7 (50,0%) sedangkan untuk pengetahuan baik dengan penanganan baik juga ada 7 (50,0%). Dapat dilihat hasil pengolahan data dengan menggunakan uji chi-square mendapatkan hasil yaitu nilai p = 1,000 dimana p > α (0,05), sehingga hipotesis ditolak atau dengan kata lain “tidak ada hubungan pengetahuan perawat dengan penanganan Asfiksia berat pada bayi baru lahir di ruang NICU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 488,
"width": 212,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dengan demikian dapat diketahui bahwa perawat di ruang NICU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik dalam hal penanganan Asfiksia berat pada bayi baru lahir. Pengetahuan perawat baik sehingga menimbulkan sikap yang baik pula.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 584,
"width": 212,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hal ini dipertegas oleh salam, (2008) yaitu pengetahuan merupakan hasil dari usaha manusia untuk tahu. Pekerjaan tahu tersebut adalah hasil dari kenal, insaf, mengerti dan pandai. Teori lain dari Notoatmodjo, (2003) yang menyatakan bahwa pengetahuan merupakan hasil tahu, setelah orang melakukan penginderaan terhadap suatu objek, dan sebagian besar pengetahuan itu diperoleh melalui mata dan telinga. Selain itu ada faktor lain yang berpengaruh terhadap pengetahuan seseorang, yaitu yang berasal dari",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 212,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pendidikan, pengalaman, hubungan sosial dan paparan media massa seperti majalah, TV dan buku",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 115,
"width": 215,
"height": 190,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dan untuk hubungan sikap perawat dengan penanganan asfiksia berat pada bayi baru lahir Dari hasil penelitian yang didapat sikap perawat buruk dengan penanganan buruk hanya 1 orang (20,0%) dan sikap perawat buruk dengan penanganan baik ada 4 orang (80,0%). Kemudian untuk sikap perawat baik dengan penanganan buruk ada 6 orang (60%) dan sikap perawat baik dengan penanganan baik ada 4 (40%). Dapat dilihat hasil pengolahan data dengan menggunakan uji chi-square mendapatkan hasil yaitu nilai p = 0,282, dimana p > α",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 308,
"width": 212,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(0,05), sehingga hipotesis ditolak atau dengan kata lain “tidak ada hubungan sikap perawat dengan penanganan Asfiksia berat pada bayi baru lahir di ruang NICU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 377,
"width": 212,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dengan demikian dapat diketahui bahwa perawat di ruang NICU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado memiliki sikap positif atau baik dalam hal penanganan Asfiksia berat pada bayi baru lahir.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 446,
"width": 215,
"height": 246,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Heri Purwanto, sikap terdiri atas sikap positif yaitu kecenderungan tindakan adalah mendekati, menyenangi, menghadapkan objek tertentu dan sikap negative yaitu kecenderungan untuk menjauh, menghindar, membenci, tidak menyukai objek tertentu (Zuriah, 2005). Hal ini menunjukan bahwa perawat dengan sikap baik atau positif akan dapat menangani Asfiksia berat pada bayi baru lahir dengan maksimal atau kompeten karena menyenangi pekerjaan atau tugas yang diberikan. Sedangkan sebaliknya jika perawat mempunyai sikap negative atau buruk maka akan dapat mengakibatkan penanganan asfiksia berat pada bayi baru lahir menjadi berat atau beresiko terhadap kematian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 695,
"width": 84,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 708,
"width": 212,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengetahuan dan sikap perawat dengan penanganan asfiksia berat pada bayi baru lahir di ruang Neonatus Intencive",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 750,
"width": 211,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Care Unit NICU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 74,
"width": 212,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kandou Manado sudah berada pada kategori baik atau dengan kata lain perawat-perawat di ruangan sudah mampu atau tau tentang cara penanganan asfiksia berat pada bayi baru lahir sehingga tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap perawat dengan penanganan asfiksia berat pada bayi baru lahir di ruang NICU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 212,
"width": 113,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 225,
"width": 211,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dewi Vivian, 2011. Asuhan Neonatus Bayi dan Anak Balita. Jakarta : Salemba",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 253,
"width": 212,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Medika. Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, 2011. Data Asfiksia Neonatorum. Bagian Kesehatan Masyarakat Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan: Makasar. Jaringan Nasional Pelatihan Klinik",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 352,
"top": 363,
"width": 176,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kesehatan Reproduksi JNPK-KR, 2008. Asuhan Persalinan Normal . Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 419,
"width": 212,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Notoatmodjo, S. 2003. Pendidikan dan Perilaku Kesehatan . Jakarta : PT Rineka Cipta.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 460,
"width": 212,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Prawiroharjo, S 2011. Ilmu Kebidanan . Jakarta: Yayasan Bina Pustaka. Rukiyah, A. 2009. Asuhan Kebidanan 2 dan persalinan . Jakarta : CV. Trans info media.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 539,
"width": 212,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sari P, & Vera M, 2003. Gangguan Fungsi Multi Organ pada Bayi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 356,
"top": 567,
"width": 172,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Asfiksia Berat Vol.5. No.2.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 356,
"top": 580,
"width": 174,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diakses tanggal 7 juli 2014 http://saripediatri.idai.or.id/pdfile/ 5-2-6.pdf",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 622,
"width": 212,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Saifudin, 2011. Buku Acuan Nasional Pelayanan Kesehatan Maternal dan Neontal . Jakarta : Yayasan Bina Pustaka.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 677,
"width": 212,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Zuriah, 2005. Kategori Sikap dan perilaku manusia. Yogyakarta: PustakaPelajar.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
7ad910fa-0bf9-ee3b-c705-a028052e1f21 | https://ojs.umrah.ac.id/index.php/sustainable/article/download/563/1022 | [
{
"left": 170,
"top": 36,
"width": 257,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Sustainable: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Industri Terapan Vol.09, No.01 , hal.38-44 , Mei 2020",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 175,
"top": 59,
"width": 256,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Sustainable: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Industri Terapan",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 256,
"top": 105,
"width": 85,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN 2615-6334 (Online) ISSN 2087-5347 (Print)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 146,
"width": 438,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Optimasi Pembagian Kendaraan Penumpang Pada Kapal Roro Menggunakan Algoritma Genetika",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 110,
"top": 208,
"width": 382,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Suryaman 1,* , Eka Suswaini 2 , Muhamad Radzi Rathomi 3 1,2 Jurusan Teknik Elektro, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 175,
"top": 235,
"width": 251,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1,2 Jl. Politeknik Senggarang, Tanjungpinang 29100",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 176,
"top": 249,
"width": 244,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "* Corresponding Author: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 292,
"width": 445,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstract - Increasing the crossing of vehicles from Tanjung Uban to Telaga Punggur or vice versa, it is necessary to optimize the selection vehicles partition and determine which vehicles will take precedence in order to achieve accuracy in terms of optimal vehicle load, therefore it takes an algorithm that can produce vehicles based on vahicles placement. This research will try to use genetic algorithm in optimizing Roro vehicles partition. The result of the experiment shows the result in Test then the best fitness result is in the 4th parameter with the number of chromosomes = 5, pc = 0.8, pm = 0.01, 0.05 and is in the 50th generation and the resulting fitness value is 0.5. Keywords — Genetic Algorithm, Optimization, Vehicles Partition",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 408,
"width": 447,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Intisari — Meningkatnya penyeberangan kendaraan dari Tanjung Uban tujuan Telaga Punggur atau sebaliknya, maka diperlukan pembagian kendaraan untuk beberapa kapal dengan menentukan kendaran mana yang akan didahulukan guna mencapai ketepatan dalam hal muat kendaraan secara optimal, oleh karena itu dibutuhkan sebuah algoritma yang dapat menghasilkan pembagian kendaraan yang optimal. Penelitian ini akan mencoba menggunakan algoritma genetika dalam optimasi pembagian kendaraan berdasarkan penempatan kendaran penumpang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan hasil pada Uji coba maka hasil pada Uji coba diatas maka hasil fitness terbaik terdapat pada parameter ke 4 dengan jumlah kromosom = 5, pc = 0.8, pm = 0.01, 0.05 dan terdapat pada generasi ke 50 serta nilai fitness yang dihasilkan adalah 0.5.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 521,
"width": 302,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata kunci —Algoritma Genetika, Optimasi, Pembagian Kendaraan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 578,
"width": 90,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "I. P ENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 596,
"width": 240,
"height": 164,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Transportasi merupakan fasilitas yang penting untuk perkembangan pembangunan dari suatu Kota, melalui infrastruktur pelabuhan penyebrangan kendaraan antar pulau yang dikelola oleh pihak ASDP (Angkutan Sungai Danau dan Penyeberangan) Tanjung Uban. Kapal yang biasa memuat kendaraan yang berjalan masuk ke dalam kapal dengan pergerakan sendiri dan keluar dengan sendiri juga, kapal ini biasa disebut kapal Roll on – Roll off atau disingkat Ro-Ro. Kapal ini tidak hanya untuk mengangkut kendaraan truk melainkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 578,
"width": 240,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "mengangkut kendaraan bus, mobil penumpang, sepeda motor serta penumpang pejalan kaki.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 605,
"width": 243,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kapal penyebrangan ASDP Tanjung Uban mengikuti prosedur dari pihak otoritas pelabuhan, pada umumnya kondisi dilapangan tidak sesuai dengan yang ditetapkan oleh pihak otoritas pelabuhan. Hal ini dipicu oleh faktor saat terjadinya peningkatan antrian kendaraaan di pelabuhan kapal penyebrangan, maka perlu melakukan pembagian kendaraan untuk penempatan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 391,
"top": 716,
"width": 55,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kendaraan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 716,
"width": 240,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Meningkatnya penyebrangan kendaraan dari Tanjung Uban tujuan Telaga Punggur atau sebaliknya, maka",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 36,
"width": 257,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Sustainable: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Industri Terapan Vol. 09, No.01 , hal.38-44, Mei 2020",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 531,
"top": 781,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "39",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 415,
"top": 40,
"width": 85,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN 2615-6334 (Online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 50,
"width": 440,
"height": 145,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN 2087-5347 (Print) diperlukan pembagian kendaraaan untuk beberapa kapal dengan menentukan kendaran mana yang akan didahulukan guna mencapai ketepatan dalam hal muat kendaraan secara optimal, oleh karena itu dibutuhkan sebuah algoritma yang dapat menghasilkan pembagian kendaraan yang optimal pada kapal-kapal RoRo.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 196,
"width": 243,
"height": 179,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian sebelumnya yang menggunakan Algoritma Genetika adalah penelitian yang berjudul ―Implementasi Algoritma Genetika Pada Knapsack Problem Untuk Proses Optimasi Pemilihan Buah Kemasan Kotak‖. Knapsack problem adalah masalah optimasi kombinatorik, dimana tujuan yang ingin dicapai adalah memaksimalkan profit atau keuntungan dari item-item yang dipilih untuk dimasukkan ke dalam knapsack tanpa melewati kapasitas yang ada[1]. implementasinya menggunakan algoritma genetika, dengan tujuan dapat memberikan hasil yang optimal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 375,
"width": 240,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Disamping itu dengan menggunakan algoritma genetika, solusi yang ditawarkan tidak hanya satu tetapi lebih. Oleh karenanya dimungkinkan pengguna untuk memilih solusi yang lain selain solusi optimal yang diberikan oleh sistem. Implementasi algoritma genetika ini dikembangkan dengan bahasa pemrograman Visual basic 6.0. Dari uji coba yang telah dilakukan hasil implementasi dapat memberikan hasil yang cukup baik, dimana algoritma genetika mampu memberikan solusi optimal sesuai dengan yang diharapkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 541,
"width": 240,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Algoritma Genetika merupakan salah satu metode yang bisa digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah optimasi, Algoritma Genetika digunakan untuk pemilihan jumlah kendaraan yang tepat untuk kapal-kapal RoRo tertentu. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini akan mencoba menggunakan Algoritma Genetika dalam penentuan kapal yang sesuai, sehingga penelitian ini akan diberi judul ―Optimasi Pembagian Kendaraan Penumpang Pada Kapal RoRo Menggunakan Algoritma Genetika.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 112,
"top": 705,
"width": 120,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "II. T INJAUAN P USTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 723,
"width": 240,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Algoritma Genetika yang diterapkan pada kasus pemilihan antihipertensi untuk mendapatkan solusi yang paling optimum dari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 99,
"width": 240,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "segi kelayakan dan ekonomis. Optimasi pemilihan antihipertensi menggunakan algoritma genetika menggunakan teknik crossover dengan one-cut point, mutasi dengan exchange mutation dan seleksi dengan elistm selection. Solusi optimal diperoleh dari ukuran populasi sebanyak 100 individu, kombinasi crossover rate dan mutation rate sebesar 0,3 dan 0,7, serta jumlah generasi sebesar 90. Hasil akhir berupa rekomendasi antihipertensi yang di ajukan oleh sistem[2].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 251,
"width": 240,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Algoritma genetika dapat menyusun penjadwalan dosen secara optimal dan aplikasi dapat mencari solusi dari populasi berdasarkan kasus yang diberikan dari sumber. Aplikasi ini juga dapat mencegah jadwal dosen atau kelas yang bertabrakan dan mengurangi kelas yang bergabung pada semester yang sama[3].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 348,
"width": 242,
"height": 192,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Algoritma Genetika untuk penjadwalan terhadap 77 Mahasiswa, 2 Ruangan dan 13 Dosen. Optimalisasi Penempatan Dosen Pembimbing dan Penjadwalan Tugas Akhir dilakukan dengan pembangkitan populasi awal, evaluasi fungsi kecocokan, seleksi, persilangan, dan mutasi. Dari lima kali pengujian dengan 100 kali evolusi, sistem menghasilkan solusi dengan jumlah rata-rata pelanggaran sebanyak lima pelanggaran, dan waktu proses rata rata selama 55,6 detik. Sistem telah diimplementasikan dalam perangkat lunak dan secara fungsional telah sesuai dengan perancangan yang diinginkan[4].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 541,
"width": 240,
"height": 206,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Algoritma genetika adalah salah satu algoritma untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan multi objective, sehingga dapat diterapkan untuk masalah pemilihan rute antar jemput laundry. Pencarian solusi untuk permasalahannya adalah dengan mengkombinasikan solusi-solusi (kromosom) yang ada untuk menghasilkan solusi baru dengan menggunakan operator genetika (seleksi, crossover dan mutasi). Untuk mencari solusi terbaik digunakan beberapa kombinasi probabilitas crossover dan mutasi serta jumlah populasi dan jumlah generasi. Dari hasil pengujian kombinasi probabilitas crossover yang terbaik adalah 0.4 dan mutasi adalah 0.6 sedangkan untuk jumlah generasi optimal adalah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 36,
"width": 490,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Suryaman, E. Suswaini, dan R. Rathomi, Optimasi Pembagian Kendaraan Penumpang Pada Kapal Roro Menggunakan Algoritma Genetika",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 781,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "40",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 75,
"width": 240,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2000 dan jumlah populasi yang optimal adalah 80 populasi[5].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 102,
"width": 240,
"height": 207,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Algoritma genetik dapat diimplementasikan pada aplikasi ICT LAB sebagai alternatif solusi untuk menyelesaikan masalah penugasan asisten laboratorium.Berdasarkan hasil uji coba, dengan menggunakan one point crossover, mutasi pada tingkat bit, dan rank selection didapatkan rata- rata nilai fitness sebesar 67.571% dari total lowongan asisten laboratorium yang tersedia. Nilai fitness yang didapat ini terkendala oleh jumlah mahasiswa yang tidak memenuhi jumlah slot penugasan dan terdapat slot penugasan untuk mata kuliah tertentu yang tidak memiliki peminat. Nilai fitness yang dimiliki berubah menjadi 80,5% saat slot-slot tersebut tidak dimasukkan dalam perhitungan nilai fitness[6].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 316,
"width": 64,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "A. Optimasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 332,
"width": 240,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut Zukhri [7] Optimasi adalah proses menyelesaikan suatu masalah tertentu supaya berada pada kondisi yang paling menguntungkan dari suatu sudut pandang. Masalah yang harus diselesaikan berkaitan erat dengan data-data yang dapat dinyatakan dalam satu atau beberapa variabel. Pengertian menguntungkan, biasanya berhubungan dengan pencarian nilai minimum atau pencarian nilai maksimal, bergantung pada sudut pandang yang digunakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 490,
"width": 154,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "B. Metode Algoritma Genetika",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 507,
"width": 240,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut Haupt dan Haupt (2004) dalam Zukhri [7], struktur dasar algoritma genetika mempunyai langkah-langkah sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 548,
"width": 115,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Inisialisasi populasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 562,
"width": 144,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Pembangkitan secara acak",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 576,
"width": 216,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Evaluasi populasi atau evaluasi fitness pada kromosom.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 603,
"width": 218,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Seleksi populasi yang akan dikenai operator genetika.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 631,
"width": 218,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. Proses penyilangan pasangan kromosom tertentu.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 659,
"width": 180,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6. Proses mutasi kromosom tertentu.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 672,
"width": 129,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "7. Evaluasi populasi baru.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 686,
"width": 218,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "8. Ulangi dari langkah ketiga selama syarat berhenti belum terpenuhi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 720,
"width": 112,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1) Inisialisasi populasi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 740,
"width": 240,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada awal penerapan algoritma genetika dibutuhkan inisialisasi populasi awal. Pada tahap",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 75,
"width": 240,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ini harus ditentukan berapa jumlah kromosom dalam satu populasi dan tentukan reprentasi dari gen yang di inginkan, biner, real, integer dan permutasi, kemudian tentukan jumlah interasi maksimal guna untuk membatasi interasi. Tentukan nilai probabilitas Crossover dan mutasi. Setelah ditentika, kemudian bangkitkan populasi awal secara random/acak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 191,
"width": 76,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2) Nilai Fitness",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 211,
"width": 240,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fungsi fitness merupakan ukuran untuk kondisi dari kromosom yang mengekspresikan kemungkinan suatu kromosom akan tetap hidup dalam generasinya. Kromosom dipilih untuk diseleksi dan memperoleh generasi baru. Semakin besar nilai fitness -nya maka semakin baik pula solusi yang didapatkan dari individu tersebut dan akan mempunyai kesempatan dipertahankan untuk menghasilkan generasi selanjutnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 349,
"width": 240,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fungsi fitness yang digunakan untuk menghitung nilai fitness adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 518,
"top": 380,
"width": 17,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(1)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 418,
"width": 240,
"height": 130,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3) Seleksi dalam Algoritma Genetika Seleksi merupakan proses memilih kromosom yang akan bertahan dalam populasi. Kromosom yang terpilih memiliki kemungkinan untuk melakukan kawin silang dengan kromosom lain atau mengalami proses penyilangan sebanding dengan probabilitas penyilangan yang menghasilkan kromosom anak[8].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 549,
"width": 223,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mengunakan Rumus Probabilitas Kromosom:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 331,
"top": 576,
"width": 201,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "∑ (2)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 609,
"width": 240,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Seleksi sebanding nilai Fitness ini biasanya diimplementasi dengan model roda rolet. Dalam model ini, keliling lingkaran roda rolet dibentuk dari busur-busur sebanyak N. Perbandingan besar busur sama dengan perbandingan nilai Fitness setiap kromosom.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 692,
"width": 240,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Proses seleksi di dasarkan pada posisi jarum roda rolet berhenti. Jika jarum diputar secara acak maka dapat dikatakan bahwa busur yang lebih besar mempunyai kemungkinan lebih besar pula sebagai tempat jarum berhenti. Sehingga",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 36,
"width": 257,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Sustainable: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Industri Terapan Vol. 09, No.01 , hal.38-44, Mei 2020",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 531,
"top": 781,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "41",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 415,
"top": 40,
"width": 85,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN 2615-6334 (Online) ISSN 2087-5347 (Print)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 99,
"width": 240,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kemungkinan besar yang terjadi adalah beberapa kromosom dalam suatu populasi akan mati dans angatlah mungkin sebuah kromosom dengan nilai fungsi Fitness paling tinggi akan terpilih lebih dari sekali [8].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 174,
"width": 207,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4) Penyilangan dalam Algoritma Genetika",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 194,
"width": 240,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penyilangan merupakan operator yang bertujuan untuk melahirkan kromosom baru yang mewarisi sifat-sifat induknya sebagaimana proses reproduksi yang terjadi dalam kehidupan alam. Dengan adanya operator ini proses pencarian yang dilakukan akan bergerak menuju titik-titik pencarian yang berbeda.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 297,
"width": 181,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5) Mutasi dalam Algoritma Genetika",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 317,
"width": 240,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mutasi merupakan operator yang bertujuan untuk mengubah gen-gen tertentu dari satu kromosom. Proses ini dimodelkan sebagaimana yang terjadi dalam kehidupan alam. Probabilitas mutasi dari satu gen biasanya sangat kecil, persis seperti kejadian yang sebenarnya di kehidupan alam yang memungkinkan terjadinya mutasi genetis tetapi dalam presentasi yang sangat kecil.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 433,
"width": 99,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6) Kriteria Berhenti Terdapat",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 136,
"top": 453,
"width": 44,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "berbagai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 453,
"width": 240,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "macam kriteria penghentian yang bisa digunakan[8], tiga diantaranya adalah :",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 494,
"width": 222,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Memberikan batasan jumlah iterasi. Apabila batas iterasi tersebut dicapai, iterasi dihentikan dan laporan individu bernilai fitness tertinggi sebagai solusi terbaik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 563,
"width": 222,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Memberikan batasan waktu proses algoritma genetika. Kriteria ini digunakan pada sistem-sistem waktu nyata ( real time systems ), dimana solusi harus ditemukan paling lama, misalkan 3 menit. Dengan demikian, algoritma genetika bisa dihentikan ketika proses sudah berlangsung selama hampir 3 menit.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 687,
"width": 222,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Menghitung kegagalan penggantian anggota populasi yang terjadi secara berurutan sampai jumlah tertentu. Misalkan, setelah 100 iterasi tidak ada penggantian individu dalam populasi karena individu anak yang dihasilkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 341,
"top": 99,
"width": 204,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "selalu memiliki nilai fitness yang lebih rendah daripada orangtuanya. Dalam kondisi seperti ini, kita bisa menghentikan iterasi .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 357,
"top": 167,
"width": 132,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "III. M ETODE P ENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 184,
"width": 240,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada flowchart yang akan dibahas adalah mengenai jalannya sistem pembagian kendaraan pada kapal roro berdasarkan kendaraan penumpang menggunakan Algoritma Genetika. Gambar 1 menunjukkan Algoritma Genetika dalam optimasi pembagian kendaraan pada kapal Roro berdasarkan kendaraan penumpang secara umum:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 346,
"top": 313,
"width": 152,
"height": 357,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Memenuhi Generasi max atau F = 1 Mulai Inisialisasi Jumlah Kromosom, Probabilitas Crossover, Probabilitas Mutasi dan Generasi Evaluasi fitness untuk semua Kromosom F= 1/1+(totlal selisih perkendaraan) Pembangkitan Kromosom Secara Acak Seleksi Kromosom Fitness terbaik atau Generasi terbaik Mutasi Kawin silang ( Crossover ) Ya Berhenti Evaluasi fitness untuk semua Kromosom F= 1/1+(totlal selisih perkendaraan) Tidak",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 676,
"width": 211,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 1. Flowchart Diagram Algoritma Genetika",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 701,
"width": 62,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keterangan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 715,
"width": 239,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Inisialisasi jumlah kromosom, probabilitas crossover (pc), probabilitas mutasi (pm) dan generasi, dalam proses ini user menginput jumlah kromosom agar membangkitkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 36,
"width": 490,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Suryaman, E. Suswaini, dan R. Rathomi, Optimasi Pembagian Kendaraan Penumpang Pada Kapal Roro Menggunakan Algoritma Genetika",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 781,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "42",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 75,
"width": 218,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "sejumlah kromosom yang diinput, nilai pc berpengaruh pada proses crossover, nilai pm berpengaruh pada proses mutasi dan jumlah generasi yang diinput melakukan proses perulangan pada proses seleksi, crossover dan mutasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 158,
"width": 239,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Pembangkitan komosom secara acak, pada proses ini dibangkitkan nilai acak/random pada masing-masing kromosom sejumlah dengan panjang kromosom yang digunakan, nilai acak ini mempengaruhi pembagian jumlah masing-masing golongan kendaraan yang akan dimasukkan ke masing-masing kapal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 268,
"width": 239,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Evaluasi fitness dalam kasus pemilihan kapal roro berdasarkan kendaraan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 296,
"width": 218,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "penumpang bertujuan untuk menentukan hasil optimal dalam algoritma genetika atau hasil dari pemilihan kapal penumpang, dimana F disimbolkan dengan fitness, x1 adalah sisa kendaraan kapal 1, dan x2 adalah sisa kendaraan kapal 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 378,
"width": 239,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Seleksi kromosom dilakukan dengan menghitung nilai probabilitas seleksi tiap kromosom berdasarkan nilai fitnessnya. Dari nilai probabilitas ini bisa dihitung probabilitas kumulatif yang digunakan pada proses seleksi tiap individu, pada proses seleksi langkah yang digunakan adalah model roda rolet.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 489,
"width": 239,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. Crossover (Kawin Silang), Crossover dilakukan dengan memilih dua induk (parent) secara acak dari kromosom, teknik yang digunakan adalah one cut point crossover.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 558,
"width": 239,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6. Mutasi, Mutasi ini berperan untuk menggantikan gen yang hilang dari populasi akibat proses seleksi yang memungkinkan munculnya kembali gen yang tidak muncul pada inisialisasi populasi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 627,
"width": 239,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "7. Kromosom Baru adalah kromosom hasil dari proses Algoritma Genetika yaitu, seleksi, kawin silang dan mutasi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 668,
"width": 169,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "8. Evaluasi kembali nilai fitness",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 682,
"width": 239,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "9. Proses pencarian nilai fitness terbaik dan Generasi terbaik",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 710,
"width": 239,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "10. Memenuhi kriteria berhenti, jika belum memenuhi kriteria maka lanjut pada proses berikutnya, jika sudah memenuhi kriteria dan mencapai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 340,
"top": 75,
"width": 166,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "IV. A NALISIS D AN P EMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 95,
"width": 81,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "A. Analisa Data",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 111,
"width": 240,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adapun data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu data satu trip pada tanggal 1 Oktober 2016, dimana data tersebut digunakan untuk melakukan proses uji coba dimana bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pembagian kendaraan pada kapal yang diharapkan dalam penempatan kendaraan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 208,
"width": 240,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Variabel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu jumlah kendaraan pergolongan, kapal, ruang parkir dalam kapal. Data digunakan untuk pengujian adalah data Tabel 1 yang ada pada Bab sebelumnya yang merupakan data jumlah data kendaraan pergolongan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 297,
"width": 94,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "B. Pengujian Data",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 314,
"width": 78,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1) Pengujian 1",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 334,
"width": 240,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Data yang digunakan pada uji coba 1 ini ditunjukkan seperti pada Tabel 1. Berikut ini merupakan parameter uji coba terhadap nilai pc yang akan digunakan seperti yang ditunjukan oleh Tabel 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 363,
"top": 408,
"width": 123,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 1. Perameter Pengujian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 340,
"top": 422,
"width": 169,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "No Kromosom Pc Pm Generasi 1 5 0,5 0,01 50 2 5 0,6 0.01 50 3 5 0,7 0,01 50 4 5 0.8 0,01 50",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 500,
"width": 240,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji coba 1 yang dilakukan pada optimasi pemilihan kapal dengan mengunakan algoritma genetika dilakukan dengan menggunakan parameter seperti Tabel 1 dengan jumlah data inputan pada Tabel 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 575,
"width": 240,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Maka nilai fitness masing-masing parameter seperti pada Tabel 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 369,
"top": 608,
"width": 111,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 2. Hasil Pengujian 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 622,
"width": 213,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "No Kromosom Pc Pm Generasi Fitness 1 5 0,5 0,01 50 0.042 2 5 0,6 0.01 50 0.1 3 5 0,7 0,01 50 0.2 4 5 0.8 0,01 50 0.5",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 700,
"width": 239,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil pada Uji coba 1 maka hasil fitness terbaik terdapat pada parameter ke 4 dengan jumlah kromosom = 5, pc = 0.8, pm = 0.01 dan generasi 50, serta nilai fitness yang dihasilkan adalah 0.5.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 36,
"width": 257,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Sustainable: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Industri Terapan Vol. 09, No.01 , hal.38-44, Mei 2020",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 531,
"top": 781,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "43",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 415,
"top": 40,
"width": 85,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN 2615-6334 (Online) ISSN 2087-5347 (Print)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 99,
"width": 239,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sedangkan kendaraan yang masuk pada kapal 1 dan 2 seperti pada Tabel 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 133,
"width": 226,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 3. Solusi Optimal Pada Pengujian 1 Kapal Kedaraan Jlh Kapal Kendaran Jlh Selisih Kapal 1 Mobil 11 Kapal 2 Mobil 12 1 Kapal 1 Pick Up 2 Kapal 2 Pick Up 1 1 Kapal 1 Truk 1 Kapal 2 Truk 1 0 Kapal 1 Motor 18 Kapal 2 Motor 18 0 Total 32 32 2 Fitness 0.5",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 305,
"width": 73,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2) Pengujian 2",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 324,
"width": 239,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Data yang digunakan pada uji coba 2 ini ditunjukkan seperti pada Tabel 1. Berikut ini merupakan parameter uji coba nilai pm yang akan digunakan seperti yang ditunjukan oleh Tabel 4.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 112,
"top": 399,
"width": 122,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 4. Parameter Pengujian",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 411,
"width": 168,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "No Kromosom Pc Pm Generasi 1 5 0.5 0.05 50 2 5 0.6 0.05 50 3 5 0.7 0.05 50 4 5 0.8 0.05 50",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 503,
"width": 240,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji coba 2 yang dilakukan pada optimasi pembagian kendaraan dengan mengunakan algoritma",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 530,
"width": 240,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "genetika dilakukan dengan menggunakan parameter seperti Tabel 4 dengan jumlah data inputan pada Tabel 1. Maka nilai fitness masing-masing parameter seperti pada Tabel 5.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 605,
"width": 174,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 5. Hasil Pengujian 2 No kromosom Pc Pm Generasi Fitness 1 5 0.5 0.05 50 0.038 2 5 0.6 0.05 50 0.067 3 5 0.7 0.05 50 0.083 4 5 0.8 0.05 50 0.5",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 709,
"width": 239,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil pada Uji coba 2 maka hasil fitness terbaik terdapat pada parameter ke 2 dengan jumlah kromosom = 5, pc = 0.8, pm = 0.05 dan generasi 50, serta nilai fitness yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 99,
"width": 240,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dihasilkan adalah 0.5. Sedangkan kendaraan yang masuk pada kapal 1 dan 2 seperti pada Tabel 6.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 147,
"width": 233,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 6. Solusi Optimal Pada Pengujian 2 Kapal Kendaraan Jlh Kapal Kendaraan Jlh Selisih Kapal 1 Mobil 11 Kapal 2 Mobil 12 1 Kapal 1 Pick Up 1 Kapal 2 Pick Up 2 1 Kapal 1 Truk 1 Kapal 2 Truk 1 0 Kapal 1 Motor 18 Kapal 2 Motor 18 0 Total 31 Total 33 2 Fitness 0.5",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 262,
"width": 239,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil pada Uji coba diatas maka hasil fitness terbaik terdapat pada parameter ke 4 dengan jumlah kromosom = 5, pc = 0.8, pm = 0.01, 0.05 dan terdapat pada generasi ke 50 serta nilai fitness yang dihasilkan adalah 0.5",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 337,
"width": 161,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 7. Perbandingan Hasil pengujian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 322,
"top": 707,
"width": 204,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 8. Grafik perbandingan uji coba generasi",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 733,
"width": 240,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada Gambar 8 dapat dilihat nilai fitness terbaik terdapat pada pengujian 1 dan 2 dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 349,
"width": 227,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengu- jian Kapal Kedaraan Jlh Kapal Kendaran Jlh 1 Kapal 1 Mobil 11 Kapal 2 Mobil 12 Kapal 1 Pick Up 2 Kapal 2 Pick Up 1 Kapal 1 Truk 1 Kapal 2 Truk 1 Kapal 1 Motor 18 Kapal 2 Motor 18 Fitness 0.5 2 Kapal 1 Mobil 11 Kapal 2 Mobil 12 Kapal 1 Pick Up 1 Kapal 2 Pick Up 2 Kapal 1 Truk 1 Kapal 2 Truk 1 Kapal 1 Motor 18 Kapal 2 Motor 18",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 317,
"top": 502,
"width": 215,
"height": 188,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fitness 0.5 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 1 2 3 4 Fi tn es s Parameter Grafik Perbandingan Uji Coba 1 dan 2 pengujian 1 pengujian 2",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 36,
"width": 490,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Suryaman, E. Suswaini, dan R. Rathomi, Optimasi Pembagian Kendaraan Penumpang Pada Kapal Roro Menggunakan Algoritma Genetika",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 781,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "44",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 75,
"width": 240,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "nilai 0.5, nilai fitness terendah terdapat pada pengujuan 1 dan 2 dengan nilai 0.038 dan 0.042. Pengujian parameter 1 sampai 4 mengalami perubahan nilai fitness dalam proses crossover dan mutasi. Dalam pengujian ini dapat disimpulkan parameter 4 merupakan parameter terbaik dengan nilai fitness 0.5.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 192,
"width": 65,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "V. P ENUTUP",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 211,
"width": 74,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "A. Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 228,
"width": 240,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Setelah dilakukan uji coba dan analisa terhadap tugas akhir ini, maka didapatkan kesimpulan sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 269,
"width": 243,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dalam penelitian yang dilakukan oleh penulis mengenai pembagian kendaraan pada kapal RoRo berdasarkan kendaran penumpang, didapatkan hasil optimal pembagian dengan menggunakan Algoritma Genetika yaitu hasil fitness terbaik terdapat pada parameter ke 4 dengan jumlah kromosom 5, pc 0.8, pm 0.01 dan 0.05, nilai fitness tersebut diperoleh pada generasi ke 50 dengan nilai fitness yang dihasilkan adalah 0.5",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 407,
"width": 240,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dalam penelitian yang dilakukan penulis mengenai optimasi pembagian kendaraan untuk dua kapal RoRo berdasarkan penempatan kendaraan dengan Algoritma Genetika mendapatkan hasil untuk penempatan kedaraan yang layak untuk diletakan di kapal. Berdasarkan pembagian kendaraan Optimasi ini mampu mengurangi antrian kendaraan di pelabuhan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 537,
"width": 49,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "B. Saran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 554,
"width": 150,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adapun saran penelitian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 554,
"width": 240,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kedepannya diharapkan untuk mencoba menggunakan metode optimasi yang berbeda untuk melakukan optimasi pemilihan kapal seperti menggunakan alogoritma optimasi dengan model kombinatorial yaitu cabang matematika yang mempelajari pengaturan objek-objek, untuk mendapatkan solusi yang ingin kita dapatkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 143,
"top": 685,
"width": 61,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "R EFERENSI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 716,
"width": 75,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[1] Setemen,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 75,
"width": 463,
"height": 695,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "K., 2010, Implementasi Algoritma Genetika Pada Knapsack Problem Untuk Optimasi Pemilihan Buah Kemasan Kotak. [2] Wibisono, K dan Mahmudy F.W., 2016, Optimasi Pemilihan Antihipertensi Menggunakan Algoritma Genetika. [3] Setyaningsih, A.F, 2014, System Application of Genetic Algorithm for Scheduling Optimization Study Using Java, Journal of Proceeding Series, Vol 1.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 171,
"width": 239,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[4] Purwana, N dan C.djamal, E.,Renaldi, F., 2016, Optimalisasi Penempatan Dosen Pembimbing Dan Penjadwalan Seminar Tugas Akhir Menggunakan Algoritma Genetika.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 240,
"width": 239,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[5] Suprayogi, D.A, Mahmud, W.F & Furqon, 2014, Optimasi rute antar jemput laundry dengan tiyme windows (TSPTW) menggunakan algoritma genetika.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 296,
"width": 239,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[6] Kusnadi, A dan Santoso S, D., 2015, Implementasi Algoritma Genetika Pada Penempatan Tugas Asisten Laboratorium Berbsis Web.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 351,
"width": 239,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[7] Zukhri, Z., 2014, Algoritma Genetika Metode Komputasi Evolusioner untuk Menyelesaikan Masalah Optimasi, Ed. I, Penerbit Andi, Yogyakarta.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 406,
"width": 239,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[8] Suyanto, 2005, Algoritma Genetika dalam MATLAB. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 434,
"width": 239,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[9] Gen, M dan Cheng, 1997. Genetic Algoritma and Engineering Design. Canada: John Wiley dan Sons, Inc.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
f69aa101-2875-f407-ac46-938c2ec3621c | https://journal.yrpipku.com/index.php/msej/article/download/2549/1408 | [
{
"left": 120,
"top": 31,
"width": 260,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Management Studies and Entrepreneurship Journal Vol 4(4) 2023 : 3581-3589",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 780,
"width": 419,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright © 2023 THE AUTHOR(S). This article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license, http://journal.yrpipku.com/index.php/msej",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 86,
"width": 428,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The Effect of Work Environment and Work Motivation on ASN Performance at the Bandung City Land Office",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 129,
"width": 428,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja ASN Pada Kantor Pertanahan Kota Bandung",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 173,
"width": 277,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nurida Amelia Ramdani 1* , Bambang Sucipto 2 , Yetty Ntesseo 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 187,
"width": 361,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Program Studi Administrasi Publik, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi, Bandung 1,2,3 [email protected] 1 , [email protected] 2 , [email protected] 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 241,
"width": 86,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "* Corresponding Author",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 267,
"width": 45,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 280,
"width": 428,
"height": 146,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The background of this research is the non-optimal performance shown by ASN employees in the Registration Section of the Land Office of the Bandung City Land Office. This study aims to examine the influence of the work environment and work motivation on ASN performance in the Registration Section of the Bandung City Land Office. The factors tested were work motivation and work environment as independent variables, while ASN performance was the dependent variable. This type of research is included in quantitative research, while the research method used is descriptive and verification methods. The research population is all ASN employees in the Registration Section for the Determination of Rights at the BandungS City Land Office. The technique of determining the sample is probability sampling using simple random sampling, so that the number of samples is 30 people. The data analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study show that work motivation and work environment have a positive and significant effect on ASN performance. The magnitude of the influence of work motivation and work environment on ASN performance is 66.8%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 426,
"width": 276,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords : Work Motivation, Work Environment, ASN Performance",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 450,
"width": 41,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 463,
"width": 428,
"height": 146,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh belum optimalnya kinerja pegawai ASN pada Bagian Pendaftaran Kantor Pertanahan Kantor Pertanahan Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh lingkungan kerja dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja ASN Bagian Pendaftaran Kantor Pertanahan Kota Bandung. Faktor yang diuji adalah motivasi kerja dan lingkungan kerja sebagai variabel bebas, sedangkan kinerja ASN sebagai variabel terikat. Jenis penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian kuantitatif, sedangkan metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dan verifikatif. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh pegawai ASN pada Bagian Pendaftaran Penetapan Hak pada Kantor Pertanahan Kota Bandung. Teknik penentuan sampel adalah probability sampling dengan menggunakan simple random sampling, sehingga jumlah sampel adalah 30 orang. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi kerja dan lingkungan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja ASN. Besarnya pengaruh motivasi kerja dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja ASN sebesar 66,8%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 609,
"width": 236,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci : Motivasi Kerja, Lingkungan Kerja, Kinerja ASN",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 634,
"width": 74,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 647,
"width": 428,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber daya manusia (SDM) yaitu faktor paling penting dalam suatu organisasi/perusahaan karena berperan paling dominan dalam melaksanakan tugas atau kegiatan operasional lainnya. (Maswar et al., 2020) Menurut Setiap organisasi/industri akan terus berusaha untuk peningkatan kualitas kinerja pegawai untuk bisa mencapai tujuan bersama secara optimal. Pada zaman teknologi digital yang semakin maju dan canggih tidak menutup kemungkinan bahwa organisasi/perusahaan masih sangat mengandalkan kinerja sumber daya manusia karena menjadi faktor pendukung utama pada rangkaian kegiatan operasional. Dalam suatu instansi pemerintahan yang berorientasi dalam melayani",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 49,
"width": 92,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ramdani dkk, (2023)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 405,
"top": 53,
"width": 103,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MSEJ, 4(4) 2023: 3581-3589",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 794,
"width": 25,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3582",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 428,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "masyarakat, kualitas pelayanan publik juga tentu sangat penting didukung dengan lingkungan kerja sekitar yang dapat mempengaruhi kinerja pegawai serta adanya motivasi kerja agar karyawan bisa lebih meningkatkan kualitas kinerja. Maka agar kinerja pegawai dapat bekerja secara optimal, perusahaan/organisasi penting untuk memperhatikan lingkungan kerja yang nyaman dan memberikan motivasi kerja sehingga bisa menciptakan kualitas kinerja yang baik serta dapat mencapai kualitas pelayanan yang maksimal, hal ini akan menjadikan indikator penting untuk pencapaian tujuan organisasi/perusahaan (Student et al., 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 180,
"width": 428,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Riset ini hendak menganalisa Kantor Kementerian Agraria serta Tata Ruang atau Badan Pertanahan Nasional (disingkat ATR atau BPN), ialah lembaga pemerintah non kementerian di Indonesia yang memiliki kewajiban melakukan kewajiban pemerintahan di bidang Pertanahan sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan. BPN dulu diketahui dengan sebutan Kantor Agraria. ATR atau BPN diatur melalui Peraturan Presiden No. 47 Tahun 2020. Kantor Pertanahan Kota Bandung yang merupakan kantor pelayanan publik, banyak memberikan pelayanan terhadap masyarakat, pada hal ini kantor tesebut memberikan layanan berupa produk seperti pemecahan bidang, pemisahan bidang, penggabungan bidang, balik nama bahkan hingga hak tanggungan dan roya serta masih banyak lagi. Tentu pada hakikatnya Kantor Pertanahan Kota Bandung memliki visi misi yang kuat untuk merealisasikan dan menciptakan terwujudnya pembangunan jangka menengah, adapun dengan visi mereka yaitu Visi pembangunan nasional merupakan“ Terwujudnya Penyusunan Ruang serta Pengurusan Pertanahan yang Terpercaya serta Berstandar Dunia dalam Melayani Warga buat Mensupport Tercapainya:“ Indonesia Maju yang Berdaulat, Mandiri serta Berkarakter Berdasarkan Gotong Royong.” Berikut ini jumlah pegawai Kantor Pertanahan Kota Bandung pada tahun 2022.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 381,
"width": 425,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Jumlah Pegawai Kantor Pertanahan Kota Bandung Tahun 2022 Berdasarkan Tingkat Pendidikan No Pegawai Tingkat pendidikan Jumlah pegawai SLTA/Sederajat Diploma S1 S2 1. ASN 32 23 24 9 88 2. Non-ASN 74 24 70 2 150 Total 238 Sumber : Kantor Pertanahan Kota Bandung",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 491,
"width": 428,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan tabel di atas dapat diketahui bahwa jumlah ASN < dari jumlah Non-ASN. Pastinnya dalam suatu organisasi/perusahaan akan selalu ada penilaian kerja pada setiap pegawainya, begitu juga pada Kantor Pertanahan Kota Bandung yang tentunya setiap tahun akan membuat laporan hasil kerja (SKP) pada pegawai agar bisa melihat data kinerja dari tahun ke tahun apakah grafik produktivitas kerja nya meningkat atau menurun atau adanya faktor lingkungan kerja yang dapat mempengaruhi naik turunya kualitas kinerja pegawai serta apakah motivasi kerja juga dapat berpengaruh pada suatu kinerja pegawai. Berikut data persentase kinerja pegawai berdasarkan indicator motivasi kerja kepegawaian dari tahun 2020 hingga tahun 2022.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 612,
"width": 420,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2. Persentase Kinerja Pegawai ASN Pada Seksi PHP Berdasarkan Motivasi Kerja Tahun 2020-2022",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 706,
"width": 428,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber : Kantor Pertanahan Kota Bandung Berdasarkan table diatas dapat diketahui bahwa setiap tahunnya memiliki perbandingan yang siginifikan yaitu pada tahun 2020 kinerja mencapai 90% dan di tahun 2021",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 193,
"top": 642,
"width": 177,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No Tahun Persentase 1. 2020 90% 2. 2021 87% 3. 2022 89%",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 49,
"width": 92,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ramdani dkk, (2023)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 405,
"top": 53,
"width": 103,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MSEJ, 4(4) 2023: 3581-3589",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 794,
"width": 25,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3583",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 428,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menurun menjadi 87% serta meningkat kembali menjadi 89% pada tahun 2022, ini menunjukan bahwa motivasi kerja pada suatu organisasi/instansi itu cukup berpengaruh pada suatu kinerja pegawai ASN di Kantor Pertanahan Kota Bandung. Oleh karenanya maka, kinerja karyawan dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa variable seperti lingkungan kerja serta motivasi kerja. Riset ini bermaksud buat mengenali faktor- faktor yang pengaruhi kepada kinerja ASN pada seksi PHP Kantor Pertahanan Kota Bandung dengan melihat peran dari lingkungan kerja dan motivasi kerja. Diharapkan riset ini memberikan kontribusi bagi institusi agar dapat meningkatkan kinerja pegawainya dengan baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 206,
"width": 92,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Tinjauan Pustaka Lingkungan Kerja",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 233,
"width": 428,
"height": 242,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lingkungan kerja ialah aspek yang sangat berarti serta memiliki akibat yang amat besar kepada penampilan pegawai. Apabila tempat aktivitas yang bersih, sehat, aman, serta mengasyikkan, hingga hendak membuat karyawan merasa aman berada di tempatnya serta lebih bersemangat dalam melakukan tugasnya. Kebalikannya, apabila area kerja kurang mensupport, hingga hendak membuat karyawan merasa tidak aman serta kurang bersemangat dalam menuntaskan tugasnya (Supriyanto& Mukzam, 2018). (Sutrisno, 2016) lingkungan kerja yaitu totalitas sarana dan juga prasarana kerja yang terdapat di dekat pegawai yang sedang melaksanakan pekerjaan yang bisa pengaruhi penerapan cara kerja. Kawasan aktivitas meliputi tempat bertugas, sarana serta perlengkapan alat bantu pekerjaan, kebersihan, pencerahan, kenyamanan, tercantum pula ikatan kegiatan antara banyak orang yang terdapat ditempat itu (Maswar et al., 2020). Widodo( 2015) kawasan kegiatan ialah lingkungan pegawai bisa melakukan tugasnya tiap hari dengan totalitas alat serta infrastruktur kegiatan yang dibutuhkan buat melaksanakan pekerjaan - pekerjaan itu (Ratnasari et al., 2020). Untuk mencapai kenyamanan di tempat kerja, salah satunya dapat dilakukan dengan adanya indikator seperti menjaga prasarana fisik seperti menjaga kebersihan, memberikan pencahayaan yang cukup, memastikan ventilasi udara yang baik, memutar musik, dan menata ruangan kantor yang nyaman. Lingkungan kerja yang nyaman dapat membantu mempererat hubungan kerja di antara individu yang bekerja di dalamnya (Kinerja et al., 2011).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 475,
"width": 428,
"height": 134,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Sedarmayanti, 2011) tipe kawasan kegiatan dibedakan menjadi dua ialah pertama, lingkungan kerja fisik yang ialah seluruh kondisi berupa fisik yang bisa pengaruhi pegawai baik secara langsung maupun secara tidak langsung. setelah itu lingkungan kegiatan fisik bisa dipecah dalam 2 jenis, ialah: a. lingkungan yang langsung berkaitan dengan pegawai( semacam: pusat kerja, bangku, meja serta serupanya); b. lingkungan perantara ataupun area biasa bisa pula disebut area kerja yang pengaruhi situasi orang, misalnya( temperatur, kelembaban, sirkulasi udara, pencerahan, keributan, fibrasi mekanis, bau tidak nikmat, warna, serta lain- lain). Kedua, lingkungan kerja non fisik ialah ialah seluruhnya situasi yang terjalin berhubungan dengan ikatan kerja, baik ikatan dengan atasan ataupun sesama rekan kerja, ataupun ikatan dengan bawahan rekan kerja (Swastha, 2019).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 623,
"width": 68,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Motivasi Kerja",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 636,
"width": 428,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Siagian, 2012) motivasi merupakan daya dorong yang menjadi penyebab anggota tim ingin serta berkenan buat memobilisasi kemampuannya dalam wujud kemampuan ataupun keahlian, tenaga, serta durasi buat menyelenggarakan bermacam aktivitas yang jadi tanggungjawab serta menunaikan kewajibannya. (Maswar et al., 2020). Bagi( Fadhil dkk., 2018) Motivasi kerja kemauan buat menghasilkan tingkatan usaha yang besar buat tujuan organisasi, yang dikondisikan oleh keahlian usaha itu buat penuhi sebagian keinginan orang( Ratnasari et angkatan laut(AL)., 2020). Keinginan itu timbul kala kepemilikan serta impian tidak balance. Dorongan merupakan kekuatan psikologis buat penuhi impian serta menggapai tujuan apa yang mau digapai seorang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 49,
"width": 92,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ramdani dkk, (2023)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 405,
"top": 53,
"width": 103,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MSEJ, 4(4) 2023: 3581-3589",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 794,
"width": 25,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3584",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 428,
"height": 215,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Hasibuan, 2008) motivasi ialah faktor yang memberikan dorongan kepada seseorang untuk mencapai kegairahan kerja sehingga mereka dapat bekerja sama dengan efektif dan terintegrasi, serta berusaha sekuat tenaga untuk mencapai kepuasan. Oleh karena itu, motivasi menjadi elemen penting yang mendorong seseorang untuk bekerja (Nurhandayani, 2022). Faktor- faktor yang pengaruhi motivasi Stoner dalam Bismala et al( 2017: 106) melaporkan kalau motivasi kegiatan yang merupakan sesuatu sistem dipengaruhi oleh 3 aspek ialah: 1) Kepribadian orang didefinisikan sebagai atensi, tindakan, serta keinginan yang dibawa seseorang kedalam suasana kerja. Dengan begitu bisa diketahiu kalau karakter orang mencakup atensi, dirinya, pekerjaan, serta kenutuhan yang diinginkannya. 2) Karakter pekerjaan begitu juga diklaim Herzberg kalau terdapat 2 situasi yang pengaruhi seorang didalam profesinya yang diucap aspek pemicu kebahagiaan, serta aspek pemicu ketidakpuasan. 3) Karakter suasana kerja sendiri dikelompokan selaku selanjutnya: a) Lingkungan kegiatan terdekat yang mencakup tindakan serta tindakan, kawan serta bos ataupun pimpinan, dan iklim yang mereka mengadakan. b) Tindakan organisasi yang mencakup sistem balasan organisai yang pada biasanya memiliki akibat yang amat besar kepada motivasi pegawai (Iskandar & Yusnandar, 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 314,
"width": 76,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kinerja Pegawai",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 327,
"width": 428,
"height": 215,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Edison, 2016) kinerja yaitu hasil dari sesuatu cara yang merujuk serta diukur sepanjang priode durasi khusus bersumber pada ketentuan ataupun perjanjian yang sudah diresmikan lebih dahulu (Maswar et al., 2020). Siagian dalam Harpitasari (2010: 12) kalau kinerja pegawai terpengaruh oleh pendapatan, lingkungan kerja, budaya organisasi, kepemimpinan serta motivasi kegiatan (motivation), patuh kegiatan, kebahagiaan kegiatan, dorongan (Supriyanto Mukzam, 2018). Eliyanto (2018) pada hakikatnya, kemampuan ialah hasil yang digapai oleh seseorang dalam melaksanakan tugasnya atau profesinya sesuai dengan standar dan kriteria yang diresmikan untuk pekerjaan itu (Iskandar Yusnandar, 2021). (Hasibuan, 2016) kinerja merupakan sesuatu hasil kegiatan yang digapai oleh seorang dalam melakukan tugas-tugas yang diberatkan kepadanya yang didasarkan atas kecakapan, pengalaman, serta intensitas dan durasi. (Reichenbach et al., 2019). Mangkunegara (2016: 67) kinerja adalah hasil kerja dengan cara kualitas dan kuantitas yang dicapai seorang karyawan dalam melakukan tugasnya cocok dengan tanggung jawab yang diserahkan kepadanya. Kinerja seseorang sangat diperlukan karena dari kemampuan (performance) itu bisa dikenal seberapa bagus keahlian karyawan dalam membagikan jasa yang bisa me-muaskan warga. (Lisa & Nanik, 2019).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 542,
"width": 428,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lingkungan kerja yaitu suatu faktor penting yang bisa mempengaruhi kinerja individu pegawai. Menciptakan suasana kerja yang positif, inklusif, serta lingkungan yang mendukung dapat meningkatkan kinerja pegawai secara keseluruhan (Nissa & Amalia, 2018). Selain itu motivasi kerja yaitu faktor penting yang bisa mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan. Apabila motivasi kerja pegawai kurang akan menyebabkan rendahnya kinerja pegawai. Hal tersebut dapat dikarenakan kurangnya semangat yang dimiliki pegawai dalam melaksanakan pekerjaan, sehingga hasil kerja yang ditunjukan cenderung kurang optimal (Nissa & Amalia, 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 649,
"width": 164,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kerangka Konseptual dan Hipotesis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 663,
"width": 349,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Di bawah ini akan disajikan bagan kerangka konseptual yaitu sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 227,
"top": 741,
"width": 144,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1. Kerangka Pemikiran",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 49,
"width": 92,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ramdani dkk, (2023)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 405,
"top": 53,
"width": 103,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MSEJ, 4(4) 2023: 3581-3589",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 794,
"width": 25,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3585",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 428,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan uraian dan kerangka pemikiran di atas , maka hiptesis riset yang terbentuk yaitu :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 112,
"width": 378,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H 1 . Lingkungan kerja dapat mempengaruhi terhadap kinerja ASN. H 2 . Motivasi kerja dapat mempengaruhi terhadap kinerja ASN. H 3 . Lingkungan kerja dan motivasi kerja dapat mempengaruhi terhadap kinerja ASN.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 166,
"width": 98,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Metode Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 180,
"width": 422,
"height": 160,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jenis riset ini termasuk kedalam riset kuantitatif, sedangkan metode riset memakai metode deskriptif dan verifikatif. Teknik pengumpulan data mengunakan angket (kuesioner) riset. Variabel independen terdiri dari motivasi kerja dan lingkungan kerja, sedangkan variabel depeden yaitu kinerja ASN. Variabel lingkungan kerja terdiri dari indikator lingkungan kerja fisik, fasilitas, kebersihan, keamanan, dan hubungan antar karyawan (Sedarmayanti, 2011). Motivasi kerja terdiri dari indikator disiplin, semangat bekerja, kreativitas, prestasi kerja, apresiasi, dan ambisi (Hasibuan, 2001). Kinerja pegawai terdiri dari indikator quantity of work, quality of work, discipline, quality, initiative personal, dan creativeness (Gomes,2005) . Populasi dalam riset ini yaitu seluruh pegawai ASN pada Seksi Pendaftaran Penetapan Hak Kantor Pertanahan Kota Bandung. Teknik penentuan sampel yaitu probability sampling dengan menggunakan simple random sampling , sehingga jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 orang. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu regresi linear berganda.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 354,
"width": 350,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Hasil dan Pembahasan Tabel 3. Karateristik Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin Keterangan Frekuensi Persentase Pria 16 53,33% Wanita 14 46,77% Total 30 100% Sumber: Data diolah",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 451,
"width": 428,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan tabel 3. di atas menunjukan bahwa pegawai di Seksi Pendaftaran Penetapan Hak Kantor Pertanahan Kota Bandung mayoritas memiliki jenis kelamin pria sebesar 53,33% (16 orang), sedangkan jenis kelamin wanita sebesar 46,77% (14 orang).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 491,
"width": 333,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 4. Karateristik Responden Berdasarkan Pendidikan Keterangan Frekuensi Persentase SMA/STM/Sederajat 8 26,67% DIII 3 10,00% DIV 2 6,67% S1 17 56,67% Total 30 100% Sumber : Data diolah (2023)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 602,
"width": 428,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan tabel 4. di atas menunjukan pegawai di Seksi Pendaftaran Penetapan Hak Kantor Pertanahan Kota Bandung mayoritas memiliki tingkat pendidikan Sarjana (S1) sebesar 56,67% (17 orang), sedangkan paling sedikit memiliki tingkat pendidikan DIV sebesar 6,67% (2 orang).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 655,
"width": 418,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 5. Rekapitulasi Tanggapan Responden Mengenai Variabel Lingkungan Kerja, Motivasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 669,
"width": 459,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kerja, dan Kinerja ASN No Variabel Skor Aktual Skor Ideal % Mean Skor Kategori 1 Lingkungan Kerja 764 900 84,49 4,24 Sangat Baik 2 Motivasi Kerja 1414 1800 78,56 3,93 Baik 3 Kinerja ASN 707 900 78,56 3,93 Baik Sumber : Data diolah (2023)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 49,
"width": 92,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ramdani dkk, (2023)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 405,
"top": 53,
"width": 103,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MSEJ, 4(4) 2023: 3581-3589",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 794,
"width": 25,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3586",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 428,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan tabel 5 di atas menunjukan bahwa lingkungan kerja yang ditunjukan pegawai di Seksi Pendaftaran Penetapan Hak Kantor Pertanahan Kota Bandung secara keseluruhan termasuk ke dalam kategori sangat baik, sementara untuk motivasi kerja dan kinerja ASN yang ditunjukan pegawai di Seksi Pendaftaran Penetapan Hak Kantor Pertanahan Kota Bandung secara keseluruhan termasuk ke dalam ketegori baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 153,
"width": 392,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 6. Hasil Uji Validitas Variabel Lingkungan Kerja, Motivasi Kerja, dan Kinerja ASN",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 167,
"width": 365,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No Variabel Hasil Keterangan 1 Lingkungan Kerja r hitung > r tabel Valid 2 Motivasi Kerja r hitung > r tabel Valid 3 Kinerja ASN r hitung > r tabel Valid Sumber : Hasil Output SPSS (2023)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 236,
"width": 428,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan tabel 6. di atas dari hasil pengujian validitas menunjukan bahwa nilai r hitung pada masing-masing variabel lebih besar dari nilai r tabel yaitu sebesar 0,306 (r hitung > 0,306), artinya variabel lingkungan kerja, motivasi kerja, dan kinerja ASN sudah memenuhi kriteria validitas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 289,
"width": 416,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 7. Hasil Uji Reliabilitas Variabel Lingkungan Kerja, Motivasi Kerja, dan Kinerja ASN No Variabel Cronbach's Alpha Kriteria Keterangan 1 Lingkungan Kerja 0,925 0,70 Reliabel 2 Motivasi Kerja 0,965 0,70 Reliabel 3 Kinerja ASN 0,899 0,70 Reliabel Sumber : Output SPSS (2023)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 373,
"width": 428,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bersumber dari tabel 7 di atas dari hasil pengujian reliabilitas menunjukan bahwa nilai Cronbach's Alpha pada tiap-tiap variabel lebih besar dari 0,70, artinya variabel lingkungan kerja, motivasi kerja, dan kinerja ASN sudah memenuhi kriteria reliabel.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 413,
"width": 389,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 8. Hasil Uji Normalitas ( Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test) Keterangan Nilai Signifikansi Kriteria Keterangan Unstandardized Residual 0,200 0,05 Normal Sumber : Hasil Output SPSS (2023)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 468,
"width": 428,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bersumber dari tabel 8 di atas dari hasil uji normalitas meperlihatkan kalau nilai signifikansi kolmogrov smirnov sebesar 0,200 > 0,05, artinya model regresi sudah terpenuhi asumsi normalitas atau data berdistribusi normal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 508,
"width": 397,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 9. Hasil Uji Multikolenieritas Keterangan Nilai VIF Kriteria Keterangan Lingkungan Kerja 1,207 10 Tidak Ada Multikolenieritas Motivasi Kerja 1,207 10 Tidak Ada Multikolenieritas Sumber : Hasil Output SPSS (2023)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 577,
"width": 428,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan tabel 9 di atas dari hasil pengujian multikolenieritas menunjukan bahwa nilai VIF masing-masing variabel sebesar 1,207 < 10, artinya tidak terdapat gejala multikolenieritas pada model regresi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 220,
"top": 715,
"width": 158,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2. Uji Heteroskedastisitas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 233,
"top": 729,
"width": 132,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber : Output SPSS (2023)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 49,
"width": 92,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ramdani dkk, (2023)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 405,
"top": 53,
"width": 103,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MSEJ, 4(4) 2023: 3581-3589",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 794,
"width": 25,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3587",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 428,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bersumber pada gambar 2 di atas membuktikan kalau titik- titik terletak di atas serta di bawah nilai 0 pada sumbu Y, tidak hanya itu titik- titik menyebar dengan cara random serta tidak membuat sesuatu pola khusus, maksudnya tidak ada pertanda heteroskedastisitas pada bentuk regresi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 139,
"width": 319,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 10. Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda Variabel Koefesien Konstanta -0,131 Lingkungan Kerja 0,541 Motivasi Kerja 0,399 Sumber : Hasil Output SPSS (2023",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 222,
"width": 428,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan tabel 10 di atas menunjukan bahwa model persamaan regresi linear berganda yang terbentuk yaitu :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 231,
"top": 249,
"width": 136,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Y = -0,131 + 0,541X 1 + 0,399X 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 263,
"width": 429,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Bila nilai konstanta sebesar- 0, 131 maksudnya bila variabel bebas ialah lingkungan kerja serta motivasi kegiatan bernilai konsisten ataupun nol( 0), hingga variabel depeden hendak bernilai sebesar- 0, 131.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 303,
"width": 429,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. 2Bila angka koefesien regresi variabel lingkungan kerja sebesar 0, 541, maksudnya bila variabel lingkungan kegiatan hadapi kenaikan satu satuan, hingga variabel kinerja ASN hendak hadapi kenaikan sebesar 0, 541. Ciri positif pada angka koefesien regresi membuktikan kalau lingkungan kegiatan mempengaruhi positif kepada kemampuan ASN. Terus menjadi tinggi lingkungan kerja, hingga terus menjadi tinggi kinerja ASN.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 370,
"width": 429,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Bila angka koefesien regresi variabel motivasi kerja sebesar 0, 399, maksudnya bila variabel motivasi kegiatan hadapi kenaikan satu satuan, hingga variabel kemampuan ASN hendak hadapi kenaikan sebesar 0, 399. Ciri positif pada nilai koefesien regresi membuktikan kalau motivasi kegiatan mempengaruhi positif kepada kemampuan ASN. Terus menjadi tinggi motivasi kerja, hingga terus menjadi tinggi kemampuan ASN.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 118,
"top": 437,
"width": 353,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 11. Pengujian Hipotesis Parsial Variabel Nilai t Nilai Sig Hasil Lingkungan Kerja 4,580>1,703 0,000<0,05 H 1 Diterima Motivasi Kerja 3,365>1,703 0,002<0,05 H 2 Diterima",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 493,
"width": 181,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber : Hasil Output SPSS (2023)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 506,
"width": 428,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bersumber pada tabel 11 di atas hasil pengetesan dengan cara parsial membuktikan kalau variabel lingkungan kerja serta motivasi kegiatan mempengaruhi positif serta penting kepada variabel kemampuan ASN.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 547,
"width": 403,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 12. Pengujian Hipotesis Simultan Variabel Nilai F Nilai Sig Hasil Lingkungan Kerja & Motivasi Kerja 27,204>3,35 0,000<0,05 H 3 Diterima",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 588,
"width": 163,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber : Hasil Output SPSS (2023)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 602,
"width": 428,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bersumber pada tabel 12 di atas hasil pengetesan anggapan dengan cara simultan membuktikan kalau variabel lingkungan kerja serta motivasi kegiatan mempengaruhi penting kepada variabel kemampuan ASN.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 179,
"top": 642,
"width": 241,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 13. Pengujian Koefesien Determinasi Simultan Keterangan Nilai Persentase R-squared 0,668 66,8%",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 684,
"width": 428,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber : Hasil Output SPSS (2023) Bersumber pada bagan 13 di atas hasil pengetesan koefesien pemastian dengan cara simutlan membuktikan kalau besarnya akibat variabel lingkungan kerja serta motivasi kerja kepada variabel kemampuan ASN sebesar 66, 8%, sebaliknya lebihnya sebesar 33, 2% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain diluar bentuk riset.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 49,
"width": 92,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ramdani dkk, (2023)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 405,
"top": 53,
"width": 103,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MSEJ, 4(4) 2023: 3581-3589",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 794,
"width": 25,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3588",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 352,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 14. Pengujian Koefesien Determinasi Parsial Keterangan Beta Zero-order Persentase Lingkungan Kerja 0,558 0,727 40,5% Motivasi Kerja 0,410 0,641 26,3% Sumber : Hasil Output SPSS (2023)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 155,
"width": 428,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bersumber pada bagan 14. Di atas hasil pengetesan koefesien pemastian dengan cara parsial membuktikan kalau besarnya akibat variabel lingkungan kegiatan kepada variabel kemampuan ASN sebesar 40, 5%, sebaliknya besarnya akibat variabel motivasi kegiatan kepada variabel kemampuan ASN sebesar 26, 3%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 222,
"width": 229,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja ASN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 235,
"width": 428,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasilnya riset menunjukan lingkungan kerja sangat mempengaruhi hasil positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja ASN. Besarnya pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja ASN sebesar 40,5%. Hasil riset ini juga didukung oleh teori yang menyatakan bahwa lingkungan kerja merupakan faktor penting yang dapat mempengaruhi kinerja individu pegawai. Menciptakan suasana kerja yang positif, inklusif, serta lingkungan yang mendukung dapat meningkatkan kinerja pegawai secara keseluruhan (Nissa & Amalia, 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 329,
"width": 217,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja ASN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 343,
"width": 428,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil riset menunjukan bahwa motivasi kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja ASN. Besarnya pengaruh motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja ASN sebesar 26,3%. Hasil riset ini juga didukung oleh teori yang menyatakan bahwa motivasi kerja merupakan faktor penting yang dapat mempengaruhi kinerja pegawai. Apabila motivasi kerja pegawai kurang akan menyebabkan rendahnya kinerja pegawai. Hal tersebut dapat dikarenakan kurangnya semangat yang dimiliki pegawai dalam melaksanakan pekerjaan, sehingga hasil kerja yang ditunjukan cenderung kurang optimal (Nissa & Amalia, 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 450,
"width": 317,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja ASN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 463,
"width": 428,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil riset menunjukan bahwa lingkungan kerja dan motivasi kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja ASN. Besarnya pengaruh variabel lingkungan kerja dan motivasi kerja terhadap variabel kinerja ASN sebesar 66,8%. Lingkungan kerja merupakan faktor penting yang dapat mempengaruhi kinerja individu pegawai. Menciptakan suasana kerja yang positif, inklusif, serta lingkungan yang mendukung dapat meningkatkan kinerja pegawai secara keseluruhan (Nissa & Amalia, 2018). Faktor lainnya yang mempengaruhi kinerja pegawai yaitu motivasi kerja. motivasi kerja merupakan faktor penting yang dapat mempengaruhi kinerja pegawai. Apabila motivasi kerja pegawai kurang akan menyebabkan rendahnya kinerja pegawai. Hal tersebut dapat dikarenakan kurangnya semangat yang dimiliki pegawai dalam melaksanakan pekerjaan, sehingga hasil kerja yang ditunjukan cenderung kurang optimal (Nissa & Amalia, 2018). Semakin tinggi lingkungan kerja dan motivasi kerja karyawan, maka semakin tinggi kinerja karyawan tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 638,
"width": 52,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Penutup",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 652,
"width": 428,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil riset menunjukan bahwa lingkungan kerja yang ditunjukan pegawai di Seksi Pendaftaran Penetapan Hak Kantor Pertanahan Kota Bandung secara keseluruhan termasuk ke golongan kategori terbaik, sementara untuk motivasi kerja dan kinerja ASN yang ditunjukan pegawai di Seksi Pendaftaran Penetapan Hak Kantor Pertanahan Kota Bandung secara keseluruhan termasuk ke dalam ketegori baik. Selain itu hasil riset secara parsial dan simultan menunjukan bahwa lingkungan kerja dan motivasi kerja pengaruhi nilai positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja ASN.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 49,
"width": 92,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ramdani dkk, (2023)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 405,
"top": 53,
"width": 103,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MSEJ, 4(4) 2023: 3581-3589",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 794,
"width": 25,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3589",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 428,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari hasil riset menunjukan masih adanya beberapa hal yang masih perlu dibenahi oleh Kantor Pertanahan Kota Bandung berkaitan dengan lingkungan kerja, motivasi kerja, dan kinerja ASN. Lingkungan kerja yaitu meningkatkan kelengkapan fasilitas kantor dan kerja pegawai, serta membangun hubungan baik antar pegawai sehingga terciptanya lingkungan kerja yang kondusif. Motivasi kerja yaitu adnaya pemberian pujian baik secara lisan atau tulisan dan pemberian penghargaan kepada pegawai yang memiliki preastasi kerja, meningkatkan standar gaji pegawai sesuai tanggungjawab pekerjaan, serta adanya pemberian arahan dan dukungan yang diberikan pimpinan kepada pegawai dalam bekerja. Selain kinerja pegawai yaitu meningkatkna kompetensi pegawai dengan adanya pelatihan pegawai secara berkelanjutan, meningkatkan kerjasama antara pegawai, meningkatkan inisiatif pegawai dalam bekerja, serta memberikan teguran atau sanksi tegas kepada pegawai yang tidak disiplin waktu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 260,
"width": 70,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Daftar Pustaka",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 274,
"width": 428,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Iskandar, D., & Yusnandar, W. (2021). Peranan Kinerja Karyawan: Berpengaruh Motivasi dan Lingkungan Kerja. Seminar Nasional Teknologi Edukasi Sosial Dan Humaniora (SiNTESa) ,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 301,
"width": 428,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 (1), 99–110. http://jurnal.ceredindonesia.or.id/index.php/sintesa/article/view/297 Kinerja, P., Melalui, K., Kerja, L., & Komitmen, D. A. N. (2011). Peningkatan Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Kepemimpinan, Lingkungan Kerja Dan Komitmen. JDM (Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen) , 2 (2), 118–129. https://doi.org/10.15294/jdm.v2i2.2476 Lisa, H., & Nanik, S. (2019). Pengaruh Kinerja Pegawai, Komunikasi Interpersonal dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 367,
"width": 404,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lingkungan Kerja Fisik Terhadap Kepuasan Masyarakat Melalui Kualitas Pelayanan. Economic Education Analysis Journal , 8 (2), 744–757. https://doi.org/10.15294/eeaj.v8i2.31504",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 408,
"width": 428,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Maswar, Zikriati Mahyani, & Muhammad Jufri. (2020). Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Al-Idarah : Jurnal Manajemen Dan Bisnis Islam , 1 (1), 16–29. https://doi.org/10.35316/idarah.2020.v1i1.16-29 Nissa, U. N., & Amalia, S. (2018). Pengaruh Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 462,
"width": 404,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Karyawan. Jurnal Riset Bisnis Dan Investasi , 3 (3), 69.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 475,
"width": 175,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.35697/jrbi.v3i3.946",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 488,
"width": 428,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nurhandayani, A. (2022). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja, Kepuasan Kerja, dan Beban Kerja terhadap Kinerja. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Digital (Ekobil) , 1 (2), 108–110. https://doi.org/10.58765/ekobil.v1i2.65",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 529,
"width": 428,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ratnasari, S. L., Buulolo, M., & Nasrul, H. W. (2020). Analisis Karakteristik Individu, Lingkungan Kerja, Iklim Organisasi, Motivasi, Dan Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Jurnal Manajemen & Organisasi Review (Manor) , 2 (1), 15–25.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 569,
"width": 177,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.47354/mjo.v2i1.175",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 582,
"width": 428,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Student, M. T., Kumar, R. R., Omments, R. E. C., Prajapati, A., Blockchain, T.-A., Ml, A. I., Randive, P. S. N., Chaudhari, S., Barde, S., Devices, E., Mittal, S., Schmidt, M. W. M., Id, S.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 609,
"width": 404,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "N. A., PREISER, W. F. E., OSTROFF, E., Choudhary, R., Bit-cell, M., In, S. S., Fullfillment, P.,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 623,
"width": 115,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "… Fellowship, W. (2021).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 636,
"width": 428,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Supriyanto, H., & Mukzam, M. D. (2018). Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Studi Pada Karyawan Lpp Radio Republik Indonesia Stasiun Malang). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis , 58 (1), 141–146. https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=id&user=PrUiDMQAAA AJ&alert_preview_top_rm=2&citation_for_view=PrUiDMQAAAAJ:RGFaLdJalmkC",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 703,
"width": 428,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Swastha, irawan dan basu. (2019). Irawan dan Basu swastha, Lingkungan Perusahaan, Edisi Pertama (Yogyakarta : BPFE Yogyakarta), hlm 25. 16. Lingkungan Perusahaan Edisi Pertama (Yogyakarta) , 16–3",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
c49c70fb-0514-0b8f-474f-1a6916aed694 | https://riset.unisma.ac.id/index.php/jimmu/article/download/988/1026 | [
{
"left": 140,
"top": 35,
"width": 201,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "JIMMU – Volume II- Nomor 2 – Agustus 2017 M a g is t e r M a n a je me n Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Malang",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 444,
"top": 35,
"width": 72,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "ISSN: 2541-6030",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 551,
"top": 759,
"width": 9,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "17",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 103,
"width": 437,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "ANALISIS PERAN KEPEMIMPINAN DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN MELALUI MOTIVASI KERJA PADA UNISMA DAN UIN MALIKI MALANG",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 269,
"top": 167,
"width": 78,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Oleh : MUHNI",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 191,
"top": 181,
"width": 233,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Magister Manajemen, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Malang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 282,
"top": 226,
"width": 46,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 240,
"width": 443,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "This study aimed to analyze 1) the leadership roles characteristics and 2) the influence of the work environment, 3) the performance of employees through work motivation on the Unisma and uin maliki Malang. The hypotheses were 1) the leadership roles influences the performance of employees, 2) the work environment influences on employee performance, 3) the leadership roles influences the work motivation, 4) work environment can influence work motivation, 5) work motivation influences on employee performance and 6 ) the leadership roles and work environment influences the performance of employees through work motivation.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 367,
"width": 443,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "This research was a quantitative study with an explanatory approach. Hypothesis was with Path Analysis. The data were obtained by questionnaire given to 113 respondents as permanent employees in Unisma and uin maliki Malang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 414,
"width": 444,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "The results of this study showed that the direct influence: 1) the leadership roles had significant influence on employee performance, namely 35,9%; 2) the work environment had a significant influence on the performance of employees, namely 0,1%, 3) the individual characteristic had significant influence on the work motivation, namely 36,3%; 4) the work environment had a significant influence on the work motivation, namely 63,8%; 5) work motivation had significant influence on the performance of employees, namely 24,7%.. And indirectly influence: 1) the leadership roles had significant influence on the employee performance through work motivation, namely 18,16% 2) work environment had significant influence on the employee performance through work motivation 26,64%",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 574,
"width": 444,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Keywords : leadership roles, work environment, employee’s performance, work motivation",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 605,
"width": 94,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 621,
"width": 444,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sumber daya manusia merupakan sebagian dari asset perusahaan atau organisasi, karena manusia merupakan sumber daya yang dinamis dan selalu dibutuhkan dalam setiap proses produksi barang dan jasa maupun kegiatan apapun yang dilakukan oleh organisasi atau perusahaan dalam menjalankan aktivitas kegiatan operasinya. Namun hal itu tidak lepas dari kepemimpinan, Lingkungan kerja maupun motivasi adalah merupakan salah satu yang ada pada bidang sumber daya manusia maupun organisasi dan dapat menjadi salah satu tolak ukur dalam perkembangan organisasi maupun suatu lembaga dimana ketiga hal tersebut dapat mempengaruhi kepuasan yang pada akhirnya mengoptimalkan kinerja dengan baik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 51,
"top": 758,
"width": 9,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "18",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 133,
"width": 444,
"height": 154,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Universitas Islam Malang (UNISMA) dan Universitas Islam Negri Malang (UIN) sebagai sebuah penyelenggara Pendidikan Perguruan Tinggi menjadi bagian yang sangat penting terkait pengelolaan pendidikan dalam keikut sertaanya mewujudkan tujuan pendidikan nasional. Tercapainya tujuan organisasi pendidikan tidak hanya tergantung pada ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana yang memadai, akan tetapi bergantung juga pada peran Sumber Daya Manusia dalam melaksanakan tugas dan perannya. Oleh karena itu pimpinan, karyawan dan dosen yang berkualitas harus dapat menjalankan tupoksinya (tugas Pokok dan fungsi) sesuai dengan pekerjaanya dan mampu memberikan hasil kerja yang optimal. Pengaruh pimpinan dalam membangun motivasi kerja, disiplin kerja dan lingkungan kerja yang dibutuhkan dalam kemajuan pengembangan pendidikan akan sangat tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 302,
"width": 444,
"height": 185,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan buku Pedoman Pendidikan (2010:4-9), Universitas islam Negri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang (UIN) yang berbasis sebagai “Kampus Islami”, bercita-cita menjadi center of excellence dan center of Islamic civilization sekaligus mengimplementasikan ajaran Islam sebagai rahmat bagi semesta alam ( al Islam rahmat li al-alamin ), sudah seharusnya seluruh sivitas akademika menerapkan nilai-nilai keikhlasan dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada peserta didiknya. Sedangkan Universitas Islam Malang (UNISMA) yang menyediakan berbagai sarana prasarana untuk memfasilitasi kegiatan perkuliahan maupun kegiatan para mahasiswanya. Adapun beberapa fasilitas tersebut seperti Gedung Perkuliahan, Lab Fisika, Lab Kimia, Lab Biologi, Lapangan, Perpustakaan, Kebun/Kandang Percobaan, Pusat Pendanaan Syari'ah, Pengembangan Teknologi Tepat Guna, Aswaja Center, Masjid Kampus “Ainul Yaqin”, Rumah Sakit Islam UNISMA Malang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 502,
"width": 443,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan uraian diatas, terdapat perbedaan antara kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja di Unisma dan Uin Malang yang berstatus sebagai universitas negeri dan swasta juga dilihat dari kondisi kedua kampus tersebut yang sama- sama bebasis islami tentunya menjadi alasan utama bagi penulis untuk mengadakan penelitian dengan judul “Analisis Peran kepemimpinan dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Motivasi kerja Pada Unisma dan Uin Malang” dengan menggunakan pendekatan ilmu Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 629,
"width": 118,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Rumusan Masalah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 655,
"width": 407,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan latar belakang masalah yang telah diuraikan diatas, maka dalam hal ini penulis akan merumuskan masalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 687,
"width": 408,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Apakah Peran kepemimpinan berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja karyawan di Unisma dan Uin Malang?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 35,
"width": 201,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "JIMMU – Volume II- Nomor 2 – Agustus 2017 M a g is t e r M a n a je me n Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Malang",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 444,
"top": 35,
"width": 72,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "ISSN: 2541-6030",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 551,
"top": 759,
"width": 9,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "19",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 89,
"width": 408,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Apakah Lingkungan Kerja berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di Unisma dan Uin Malang?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 130,
"width": 407,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Apakah Peran kepemimpinan berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Karyawan melalui Motivasi Kerja di Unisma dan Uin Malang?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 172,
"width": 408,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. Apakah Lingkungan Kerja berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Karyawan melalui Motivasi Kerja di Unisma dan Uin Malang?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 214,
"width": 408,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5. Apakah Motivasi Kerja berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja karyawan di Unisma dan Uin Malang?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 271,
"width": 112,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Tujuan Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 297,
"width": 407,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan rumusan masalah sebagaimana terurai diatas, maka tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 329,
"width": 407,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh Peran kepemimpinan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di Unisma dan Uin Malang.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 371,
"width": 407,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di Unisma dan Uin Malang.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 413,
"width": 408,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh Peran kepemimpinan terhadap Kinerja K aryawan melalui Motivasi Kerja Unisma dan Uin Malang.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 454,
"width": 407,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan melalui Motivasi Kerja di Unisma dan Uin Malang.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 496,
"width": 407,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di Unisma dan Uin Malang.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 538,
"width": 138,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "A. Landasan Teori",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 554,
"width": 131,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Peran Kepemimpinan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 570,
"width": 444,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kepemimpinan telah muncul bersamaan dengan dimulainya sejarah manusia, yaitu sejak manusia menyadari pentingnya hidup berkelompok untuk mencapai tujuan bersama. Mereka membutuhkan seseorang atau beberapa orang yang mempunyai kelebihan-kelebihan daripada yang lain, terlepas dalam bentuk apa kelompok manusia tersebut dibentuk. Hal ini tidak dapat dipungkiri karena manusia selalu mempunyai keterbatasan dan kelebihan- kelebihan tertentu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 665,
"width": 443,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Robbins (2006:432) menjelaskan bahwa kepemimpinan adalah sebagai kemampuan untuk mempengaruhi kelompok menuju pencapaian sasaran. Dengan demikian, kepemimpinan merupakan kecakapan atau kemampuan seseorang untuk membujuk orang lain agar bersedia bekerja keras dalam mencapai tujuan organisasi yang telah ditetapkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 51,
"top": 758,
"width": 9,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "20",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 50,
"width": 116,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Lingkungan Kerja",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 65,
"width": 443,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Lingkungan kerja adalah kehidupan sosial, psikologi, dan fisik dalam perusahaan atau organisasi yang berpengaruh terhadap pekerja dalam melaksanakan tugasnya. Dalam kehidupan manusia tidak terlepas dari berbagai keadaan lingkungan sekitarnya, antara manusia dan lingkungan terdapat hubungan yang sangat erat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 129,
"width": 444,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sunyoto (2013:43) lingkungan kerja adalah segala sesuatu yang ada di sekitar para pekerja dan yang dapat mempengaruhi dirinya dalam menjalankan tugas-tugas yang dibebankan, misalnya kebersihan, musik, penerangan dan lain-lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 177,
"width": 115,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Kinerja Karyawan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 193,
"width": 444,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kinerja berasal dari kata job performance atau actual performance yang berarti prestasi kerja atau prestasi sesungguhnya yang dicapai oleh seseorang. Pengertian kinerja (prestasi kerja) adalah hasil kerja secara kualitas dan kuantitas yang dicapai oleh seorang pegawai dalam melaksanakan fungsinya sesuai dengan tanggung jawab yang diberikan kepadanya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 273,
"width": 444,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Bangun (2012:231) mendefinisikan kinerja karyawan sebagai sebuah pencapaian seseorang dalam menyelesaikan pekerjaannya sesuai dengan persyaratan-persyaratan pekerjaan yang telah ditetapkan ( job requirement ).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 320,
"width": 98,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. Motivasi Kerja",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 333,
"width": 444,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Motivasi berasal dari kata “Motive“ yaitu segala sesuatu yang membuat seseorang bertingkah laku tertentu atau paling tidak berkeinginan untuk bersikap tertentu. Motivasi merupakan salah satu faktor penentu hasil kerja orang di samping kemampuan orang. Motivasi dapat pula diartikan faktor yang mendorong orang untuk bertindak dengan cara tertentu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 415,
"width": 444,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Bangun (2012:312), motivasi kerja adalah suatu kondisi yang mendorong orang lain untuk dapat melaksanakan tugas-tugas sesuai dengan fungsinya dalam organisasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 463,
"width": 131,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 479,
"width": 100,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Jenis Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 495,
"width": 444,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan model analisis jalur (path analysis) kerena di antara variabel independent dengan depenedent terdapat varaibel intevening yang mempangaruhi. Dalam penelitian ini terdiri empat variabel. Yakni: variabel bebas ( independent ) adalah Peran Kepemimpinan (X1) dan Lingkungan Kerja (X2), variabel antara ( Intervening ) adalah Motivasi (Z) sedangkan variabel terikatnya ( Dependent) Kinerja Karyawan (Y)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 574,
"width": 157,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Teknik Pengumpulan Data",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 590,
"width": 443,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Penelitian ini teknik pengumpulan data yang di gunakan melalui Kuesioner. Menurut Sani & Mashuri (2010:203) Angket (kuesioner) Merupakan teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan cara memberi seperangkat pertanyaan atau pertanyaan tertulis kepada responden untuk dijawabnya. Kuesioner merupakan teknik pengumpulan data yang efisien bila peneliti tahu pasti variabel yang akan diukur dan tahu apa yang bisa diharapakan oleh responden. Kuesioner (angket) dapat berupa pertanyaan atau pertanyaan tertutup atau terbuka, dapat diberikan kepada responden secara langsung atau dikirim melalui pos atau internet.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 717,
"width": 444,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Skala data yang digunakan pada pengukuran variabel independen adalah skala Likert . Menurut Sugiyono (2006:86) Skala Likert digunakan untuk mengukur sikap, pendapat dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 35,
"width": 201,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "JIMMU – Volume II- Nomor 2 – Agustus 2017 M a g is t e r M a n a je me n Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Malang",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 444,
"top": 35,
"width": 72,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "ISSN: 2541-6030",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 551,
"top": 759,
"width": 9,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "21",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 89,
"width": 443,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "persepsi seseorang atau sekelompok orang tentang fenomena sosial. Pada metode ini, responden diminta untuk menjawab pertanyaan yang diberikan dan jawaban dibagi dalam empat macam kategori, yaitu : ”Sangat Setuju” (SS), ”Setuju (S), ”Tidak Setuju” (TS), ”Sangat Tidak Setuju” (STS), dengan meniadakan alternatif jawaban ”Ragu-ragu” (R).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 167,
"width": 84,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Uji Validitas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 184,
"width": 444,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Uji validitas bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana validitas data yang diperoleh dari penyebaran kuisioner. Uji validitas sebagai alat ukur dalam penelitian ini, yaitu menggunakan korelasi product moment pearson’s , yaitu dengan cara mengkorelasikan tiap pertanyaan dengan skor total, kemudian hasil korelasi tersebut dibandingkan dengan angka kritis taraf signifikan 5%, dengan mengunakan SPSS, (Prayitno, 2010:70) ;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 263,
"width": 97,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. Uji Reliabilitas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 279,
"width": 444,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Uji reliabilitas digunakan untuk menguji kemampuan suatu hasil pengukuran relatif konsisten apabila pengukurannya diulangi dua kali atau lebih (Prayitno, 2010:75). Reliabilitas berkonsentrasi pada masalah akurasi pengukuran dan hasilnya. Dengan kata lain reliabilitas menunjukkan seberapa besar pengukuran kendali terhadap subjek yang sama. Pengujian kendala alat ukur dalam alat penelitian menggunakan reliabilitas metode alpha (α) yang digunakan adalah metode Cronbach yakni (Prayitno, 2010:75) ;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 375,
"width": 444,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pengukuran reliabilitas dilakukan dengan menguji statistik Cronbach Alpha . Suatu variabel dikatakan reliabel apabila variabel tersebut memberikan nilai Cronbach Alpha > 0,60.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 406,
"width": 95,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5. Uji Normalitas",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 422,
"width": 444,
"height": 106,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Uji normalitas data dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah data yang diperoleh berdistribusi normal atau tidak. Uji normalitas yang dilakukan terhadap sampel dilakukan dengan mengunakan kolmogorov-smirnov test dengan menetapkan derajat keyakinan (α) sebesar 5%. Uji ini dilakukan pada setiap variabel dengan ketentuan bahwa jika secara individual masing-masing variabel memenuhi asumsi normalitas, maka secara simultan variabel- variabel tersebut juga bisa dinyatakan memenuhi asumsi normalitas (Prayitno, 2010:71). Kriteria pengujian dengan melihat besaran kolmogorov-smirnov test adalah;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 533,
"width": 318,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1) Jika signifikasi > 0,05 maka data tersebut berdistribusi normal",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 549,
"width": 345,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2) Jika signifikasi < 0,05 maka data tersebut tidak berdistribusi normal",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 581,
"width": 90,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "6. Analisis Jalur",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 597,
"width": 444,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Analisis jalur merupakan bagian dari analisis regresi linier yang digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan kusal antar variabel dimana variabel-variabel bebas mempengaruhi variabel tergantung, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung melalui satu atau lebih perantara, (Sarwono, 2006:147). Manfaat path analysis adalah perluasan dari persamaan regresi linier sederhana atau berganda yang diperlukan pada jalur hubungan ( network ) variabel-variabel yang melibatkan lebih dari satu persamaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 51,
"top": 758,
"width": 9,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "22",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 304,
"width": 443,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Gambar 3.1. Diagram Peran Kepemimpinan, Lingkungan Kerja, dan Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 351,
"width": 64,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Keterangan :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 367,
"width": 135,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Y = Kinerja Karyawan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 384,
"width": 10,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Z",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 384,
"width": 298,
"height": 153,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "= Motivasi Kerja X 1 = Peran Kepemimpinan X 2 = Lingkungan Kerja rx 1 y = korelasi x 1 dan y rx 2 y = korelasi x 2 dan y ρyx 1 = koef. jalur besarnya pengaruh langsung x 1 terhadap Y ρyx 2 = koef. jalur besarnya pengaruh langsung x 2 terhadap Y ρzx 1 = koef. jalur besarnya pengaruh langsung x 1 terhadap Z ρzx 2 = koef. jalur besarnya pengaruh langsung x 2 terhadap Z ρyz = koef. jalur besarnya pengaruh langsung z terhadap Y",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 542,
"width": 443,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Keterbatasan dalam penelitian ini adalah terletak pada varabel peran kepemimpinan, lingkungan kerja, motivasi kerja, dan kinerja karyawan di UNISMA dan UIN MALIKI Malang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 606,
"width": 157,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 622,
"width": 39,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "HASIL",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 637,
"width": 110,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Hasil Uji Validitas",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 653,
"width": 444,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Uji validitas dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar ketepatan dan kecermatan suatu alat ukur dalam melakukan fungsi ukurnya. Uji validitas sebagai alat ukur dalam penelitian ini, yaitu menggunakan korelasi product moment pearson’s , yaitu dengan cara mengkorelasikan tiap pertanyaan dengan skor total, kemudian hasil korelasi tersebut dibandingkan dengan angka kritis taraf signifikan 5% (Prayitno, 2010:90). Berikut pada",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 79,
"width": 265,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "ρZX 1 ρZX 2 Peran Kepemimpinan (X 1 ) ρYX 1 rx 1 y ρYZ",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 158,
"width": 361,
"height": 106,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "rx 2 y ρYX 2 є2 є1 Lingkungan Kerja (X 2 ) Motivasi (Z) Kinerja (Y)",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 35,
"width": 201,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "JIMMU – Volume II- Nomor 2 – Agustus 2017 M a g is t e r M a n a je me n Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Malang",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 444,
"top": 35,
"width": 72,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "ISSN: 2541-6030",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 551,
"top": 759,
"width": 9,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "23",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 136,
"width": 258,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 4.17 dan Tabel 4.18, hasil pengujian validitas ; Tabel 4.17 Hasil Uji Validitas kuesioner di Unisma",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 178,
"width": 333,
"height": 348,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Variabel Product Moment Pearson’s Sig. A Keterangan X 1.1 0,546 0,000 < 0,05 Valid X 1.2 0,390 0,003 < 0,05 Valid X 1.3 0,533 0,000 < 0,05 Valid X 1.4 0,586 0,000 < 0,05 Valid X 1.5 0,578 0,000 < 0,05 Valid X 2.1 0,578 0,000 < 0,05 Valid X 2.2 0,533 0,000 < 0,05 Valid X 2.3 0,285 0,031 < 0,05 Valid X 2.4 0,331 0,012 < 0,05 Valid X 2.5 0,696 0,000 < 0,05 Valid Z 1 0,696 0,000 < 0,05 Valid Z 2 0,462 0,000 < 0,05 Valid Z 3 0,658 0,000 < 0,05 Valid Z 4 0,628 0,000 < 0,05 Valid Z 5 0,696 0,000 < 0,05 Valid Y 1 0,568 0,000 < 0,05 Valid Y 2 0,390 0,000 < 0,05 Valid Y 3 0,365 0,005 < 0,05 Valid Y 4 0,331 0,012 < 0,05 Valid",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 548,
"width": 444,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 4.17, diketahui bahwa masing-masing indikator (item) dalam variabel yang digunakan mempunyai hasil nilai product moment pearson’s dengan signifikasi 0,000 < 0,05, sehingga indikator (item) yang digunakan dalam variabel penelitian ini dapat dinyatakan relevan dan dapat digunakan sebagai alat dalam pengumpulan data.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 628,
"width": 306,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 4.18 Hasil Uji Validitas kuesioner di UIN Maliki Malang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 653,
"width": 333,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Variabel Product Moment Pearson’s Sig. A Keterangan X 1.1 0,867 0,000 < 0,05 Valid X 1.2 0,880 0,003 < 0,05 Valid X 1.3 0,680 0,000 < 0,05 Valid",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 51,
"top": 758,
"width": 9,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "24",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 50,
"width": 304,
"height": 258,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "X 1.4 0,638 0,000 < 0,05 Valid X 1.5 0,867 0,000 < 0,05 Valid X 2.1 0,867 0,000 < 0,05 Valid X 2.2 0,913 0,000 < 0,05 Valid X 2.3 0,884 0,000 < 0,05 Valid X 2.4 0,437 0,001 < 0,05 Valid X 2.5 0,730 0,000 < 0,05 Valid Z 1 0,845 0,000 < 0,05 Valid Z 2 0,622 0,000 < 0,05 Valid Z 3 0,680 0,000 < 0,05 Valid Z 4 0,730 0,000 < 0,05 Valid Z 5 0,680 0,000 < 0,05 Valid Y 1 0,730 0,000 < 0,05 Valid Y 2 0,517 0,000 < 0,05 Valid Y 3 0,559 0,005 < 0,05 Valid Y 4 0,680 0,012 < 0,05 Valid",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 329,
"width": 444,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 4.18, diketahui bahwa masing-masing indikator (item) dalam variabel yang digunakan mempunyai hasil nilai product moment pearson’s dengan signifikasi 0,000 < 0,05, sehingga indikator (item) yang digunakan dalam variabel penelitian ini dapat dinyatakan relevan dan dapat digunakan sebagai alat dalam pengumpulan data.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 393,
"width": 127,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Hasil Uji Reliabilitas",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 408,
"width": 443,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pengujian ini dilakukan untuk menunjukkan sejauh mana suatu hasil pengukuran relatif konsisten. Suatu pertanyaan atau peryataan yang baik adalah pertanyaan atau peryataan yang jelas mudah dipahami dan memiliki interpretasi yang sama meskipun disampaikan kepada responden yang berbeda dan waktu yang berlainan. Uji reliabilitas menggunakan crobach’s alpha . Suatu instrument dikatakan reliabel apabila crobach’s alpha lebih besar dari 0,60 (Prayitno, 2010:97). Berikut pada Tabel 4.19 disajikan hasil pengujian reliabilitas;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 535,
"width": 341,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 4.19 Hasil Uji Reliabilitas di Unisma dan di UIN Maliki Malang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 549,
"width": 434,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Responden Cronbach’s Alpha Cut off N of Item Keterangan Unisma 0,840 > 0,6 19 Reliabel UIN Maliki Malang 0,945 > 0,6 19 Reliabel",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 616,
"width": 444,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 4.19, hasil uji reliabilitas diatas menunjukkan bahwa data yang diperoleh bersifat reliabel karena nilai Cronbach’s Alpha yakni 0,840 > 0,60 dan 0,945 > 0,60, sehingga data yang diperoleh dapat dinyatakan reliabel atau layak sebagai alat dalam pengumpulan data.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 696,
"width": 125,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Hasil Uji Normalitas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 712,
"width": 443,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Uji normalitas data dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah data yang diperoleh berdistribusi normal atau tidak. Uji normalitas yang dilakukan terhadap sampel dilakukan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 35,
"width": 201,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "JIMMU – Volume II- Nomor 2 – Agustus 2017 M a g is t e r M a n a je me n Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Malang",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 444,
"top": 35,
"width": 72,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "ISSN: 2541-6030",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 551,
"top": 759,
"width": 9,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "25",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 89,
"width": 443,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "dengan mengunakan kolmogorov-smirnov test dengan menetapkan derajat keyakinan (α) sebesar 5% (Prayitno, 2010:71). Hasil pengujian dapat disajikan sebagai berikut ;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 120,
"width": 342,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 4.20 Hasil Uji Normalitas di Unisma dan di UIN Maliki Malang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 138,
"width": 401,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Responden Test of Normality Kolmogorov-Smirnov Sig. Cutt off Keterangan Unisma X 1, X 2 , Y, Z 0,582 > 0,05 Normal UIN Maliki Malang X 1 , X 2 , Y , Z 0,127 > 0,05 Normal",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 229,
"width": 444,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan tabel 4.20, dapat diketahui bahwa nilai probabilitas atau signifikansi setiap responden adalah 0,582 > 0,05 dan 0,127 > 0,05, sehingga dapat dinyatakan bahwa data dalam penelitian ini berdistribusi normal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 293,
"width": 90,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. Analisis Jalur",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 309,
"width": 444,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Setelah melalui tahap uji instrument dan asumsi kelayakan model regresi, maka selanjutnya dilakukan analisis jalur. Analisis jalur berkaitan dengan studi ketergantungan suatu variabel dependen pada satu atau lebih variabel independen atau intervening dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh variabel independen atau intervening terhadap variabel dependen . Hasil analisis jalur antara variabel independen yaitu Peran kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja dan variabel intervening yaitu motivasi kerja, serta variabel dependen yaitu kinerja karyawan. Berikut pada Tabel 4.22 disajikan hasil analisis jalur ;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 435,
"width": 201,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 4.22 Hasil Analisis Jalur di Unisma",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 452,
"width": 345,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Standerdized t hitung t tabel Sig. a Keterangan Jalur Beta (β) X 1 Z 0,302 2,409 > 2,005 0,025 < 0,05 Signifikan X 2 Z 0,727 3,388 > 2,005 0,001 < 0,05 Signifikan X 1 Y 0,248 2,571 > 2,005 0,022 < 0,05 Signifikan X 2 Y 0,805 4,704 > 2,005 0,000 < 0,05 Signifikan Z Y 0,273 2,770 > 2,005 0,008 < 0,05 Signifikan ε1 0,706 - - - - - ε2 0,464 - - - - -",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 613,
"width": 443,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan koefisien jalur pada Tabel 4.22, maka persamaan yang dapat dibentuk adalah ;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 644,
"width": 169,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Z = 0,302X 1 + 0,727X 2 + 0,706ε1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 661,
"width": 221,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Y = 0,248X 1 + 0,805X 2 + 0,273Z + 0,464ε2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 676,
"width": 444,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pengujian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah variabel independen berpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen secara signifikan. Tabel distribusi t dicari pada α = 5% (uji 2 sisi, 0,05 : 2 = 0,025), dengan derajat kebebasan (df) n-k-1 atau 57-2-1 = 54. Hasil analisis jalur adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh karakteristik individu dan lingkungan kerja",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 51,
"top": 758,
"width": 9,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "26",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 50,
"width": 444,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "dan variabel intervening yaitu motivasi kerja, serta variabel dependen yaitu kinerja karyawan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis jalur (dalam hal ini untuk menguji pengaruh secara parsial) diperoleh hasil yang dapat dinyatakan berikut ;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 98,
"width": 289,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "a. Pengaruh Peran Kepemimpinan terhadap motivasi kerja",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 113,
"width": 444,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Variabel peran kepemimpinan terhadap motivasi kerja diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel (2,409 > 2,005) dan signifikasi 0,025 < 0,05. Maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, yang berarti ada pengaruh Peran kepemimpinan terhadap motivasi kerja di Unisma;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 161,
"width": 266,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "b. Pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap motivasi kerja",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 177,
"width": 444,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Variabel lingkungan kerja terhadap motivasi kerja diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel (3,338 > 2,005) dan signifikasi 0,001 < 0,05. Maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, yang berarti ada pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap motivasi kerja karyawan di Unisma;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 225,
"width": 302,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "c. Pengaruh Peran Kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja karyawan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 240,
"width": 444,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Variabel peran kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja karyawan diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel (2,571 > 2,005) dan signifikasi 0,022 < 0,05. Maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, yang berarti ada pengaruh peran kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja karyawan di Unisma;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 288,
"width": 279,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "d. Pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 304,
"width": 444,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Variabel lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel (4,704 > 2,005) dan signifikasi 0,000 < 0,05. Maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, yang berarti ada pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan di Unisma dan UIN Maliki Malang;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 351,
"width": 266,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e. Pengaruh motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 367,
"width": 444,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Variabel motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel (2,770 > 2,005) dan signifikasi 0,008 < 0,05. Maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, yang berarti ada pengaruh motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan di Unisma dan UIN Maliki Malang;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 413,
"width": 301,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "f. Pengaruh є1 variabel lain selain X 1 , dan X 2 terhadap Z = √1 – R = √1 – 0,502 = √0,498",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 479,
"width": 100,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "= 0,706 atau 70,6%;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 492,
"width": 303,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "g. Pengaruh є2 variabel lain selain X 1 , dan X 2 terhadap Y = √1 – R = √1 – 0,785 = √0,215 = 0,464 atau 46,4%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 590,
"width": 316,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sedangkan Tabel 4.23 Hasil Analisis Jalur di UIN Maliki Malang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 607,
"width": 345,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Standerdized t hitung t tabel Sig. a Keterangan Jalur Beta (β) X 1 Z 0,067 2,254 > 2,006 0,000 < 0,05 Signifikan X 2 Z 0,774 2,943 > 2,006 0,005 < 0,05 Signifikan X 1 Y 0,306 3,055 > 2,006 0,016 < 0,05 Signifikan X 2 Y 0,331 3,058 > 2,006 0,005 < 0,05 Signifikan Z Y 0,200 2,323 > 2,006 0,002 < 0,05 Signifikan ε1 0,401 - - - - -",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 35,
"width": 201,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "JIMMU – Volume II- Nomor 2 – Agustus 2017 M a g is t e r M a n a je me n Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Malang",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 444,
"top": 35,
"width": 72,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "ISSN: 2541-6030",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 551,
"top": 759,
"width": 9,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "27",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 89,
"width": 345,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Standerdized t hitung t tabel Sig. a Keterangan Jalur Beta (β) ε2 0,443 - - - - -",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 137,
"width": 443,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan koefisien jalur pada Tabel 4.22, maka persamaan yang dapat dibentuk adalah ;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 170,
"width": 221,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Z = 0,067X 1 + 0,774X 2 + 0,401ε1 Y = 0,306X 1 + 0,331X 2 + 0,200Z + 0,443ε2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 201,
"width": 444,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pengujian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah variabel independen berpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen secara signifikan. Tabel distribusi t dicari pada α = 5% (uji 2 sisi, 0,05 : 2 = 0,025), dengan derajat kebebasan (df) n-k-1 atau 56-2-1 = 53. Hasil analisis jalur adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh karakteristik individu dan lingkungan kerja dan variabel intervening yaitu motivasi kerja, serta variabel dependen yaitu kinerja karyawan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis jalur (dalam hal ini untuk menguji pengaruh secara parsial) diperoleh hasil yang dapat dinyatakan berikut ;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 312,
"width": 289,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "a. Pengaruh Peran Kepemimpinan terhadap motivasi kerja",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 328,
"width": 444,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Variabel peran kepemimpinan terhadap motivasi kerja diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel (2,254 > 2,006) dan signifikasi 0,000 < 0,05. Maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, yang berarti ada pengaruh Peran kepemimpinan terhadap motivasi kerja di UIN Maliki Malang;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 376,
"width": 266,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "b. Pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap motivasi kerja",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 392,
"width": 444,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Variabel lingkungan kerja terhadap motivasi kerja diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel (2,943 > 2,006) dan signifikasi 0,005 < 0,05. Maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, yang berarti ada pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap motivasi kerja karyawan di UIN Maliki Malang;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 439,
"width": 302,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "c. Pengaruh Peran Kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja karyawan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 455,
"width": 444,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Variabel peran kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja karyawan diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel (3,055 > 2,006) dan signifikasi 0,016 < 0,05. Maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, yang berarti ada pengaruh peran kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja karyawan di UIN Maliki Malang;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 503,
"width": 279,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "d. Pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 519,
"width": 444,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Variabel lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel (3,058 > 2,006) dan signifikasi 0,005 < 0,05. Maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, yang berarti ada pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan di Unisma dan UIN Maliki Malang;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 567,
"width": 266,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e. Pengaruh motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 583,
"width": 444,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Variabel motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel (2,323 > 2,006) dan signifikasi 0,002 < 0,05. Maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, yang berarti ada pengaruh motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan di Unisma dan UIN Maliki Malang;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 627,
"width": 301,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "f. Pengaruh є1 variabel lain selain X 1 , dan X 2 terhadap Z = √1 – R = √1 – 0,839 = √0,161",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 694,
"width": 100,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "= 0,401 atau 40,1%;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 707,
"width": 303,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "g. Pengaruh є2 variabel lain selain X 1 , dan X 2 terhadap Y = √1 – R",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 51,
"top": 758,
"width": 9,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "28",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 47,
"width": 65,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "= √1 – 0,804",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 63,
"width": 47,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "= √0,196",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 82,
"width": 100,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "= 0,443 atau 44,3%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 145,
"width": 87,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 161,
"width": 170,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1) Hasil Penelitian pada UNISMA",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 175,
"width": 293,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Pengaruh Peran Kepemimpinan terhadap motivasi kerja",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 188,
"width": 444,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Variabel peran kepemimpinan terhadap motivasi kerja nilai t hitung > t tabel (2,409 > 2,005) dan signifikasi 0,025 < 0,05. Maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, yang berarti ada pengaruh Peran kepemimpinan terhadap motivasi kerja di Unisma;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 230,
"width": 266,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap motivasi kerja",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 244,
"width": 444,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Variabel lingkungan kerja terhadap motivasi kerja diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel (3,338 > 2,005) dan signifikasi 0,001 < 0,05. Maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, yang berarti ada pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap motivasi kerja karyawan di Unisma",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 299,
"width": 302,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Pengaruh Peran Kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja karyawan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 313,
"width": 444,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil peenelitian Variabel peran kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja karyawan diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel (2,571 > 2,005) dan signifikasi 0,022 < 0,05. Maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, yang berarti ada pengaruh peran kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja karyawan di Unisma;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 368,
"width": 279,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. Pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 382,
"width": 444,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Variabel lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel (4,704 > 2,005) dan signifikasi 0,000 < 0,05. Maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, yang berarti ada pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan di Unisma Malang;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 437,
"width": 266,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5. Pengaruh motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 451,
"width": 444,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Variabel motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel (2,770 > 2,005) dan signifikasi 0,008 < 0,05. Maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, yang berarti ada pengaruh motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan di Unisma Malang;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 520,
"width": 184,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2) Hasil Penelitian pada UIN Malang",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 534,
"width": 425,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Pengaruh Peran Kepemimpinan terhadap motivasi kerja Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Variabel peran kepemimpinan terhadap motivasi kerja",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 562,
"width": 443,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "nilai t hitung > t tabel (2,254 > 2,006) dan signifikasi 0,000 < 0,05. Maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, yang berarti ada pengaruh Peran kepemimpinan terhadap motivasi kerja di UIN Maliki Malang;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 603,
"width": 266,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap motivasi kerja",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 617,
"width": 444,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Variabel lingkungan kerja terhadap motivasi kerja diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel (2,943 > 2,006) dan signifikasi 0,005 < 0,05. Maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, yang berarti ada pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap motivasi kerja karyawan di UIN Maliki Malang;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 672,
"width": 302,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Pengaruh Peran Kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja karyawan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 686,
"width": 444,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil peenelitian Variabel peran kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja karyawan diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel (3,055 > 2,006) dan signifikasi 0,016 < 0,05. Maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, yang berarti ada pengaruh peran kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja karyawan di UIN Maliki Malang;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 35,
"width": 201,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "JIMMU – Volume II- Nomor 2 – Agustus 2017 M a g is t e r M a n a je me n Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Malang",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 444,
"top": 35,
"width": 72,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "ISSN: 2541-6030",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 551,
"top": 759,
"width": 9,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "29",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 89,
"width": 279,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. Pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 102,
"width": 443,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Variabel lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel (3,058 > 2,006) dan signifikasi 0,005 < 0,05. Maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, yang berarti ada pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan di UIN Maliki Malang;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 158,
"width": 266,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5. Pengaruh motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 171,
"width": 444,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Variabel motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan diperoleh nilai t hitung > t tabel (2,323 > 2,006) dan signifikasi 0,002 < 0,05. Maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, yang berarti ada pengaruh motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan di UIN Maliki Malang;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 240,
"width": 88,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 256,
"width": 443,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan pada penelitian ini, maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan sebagai berikut ;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 288,
"width": 407,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Peran kepemimpinan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan di Unisma dan UIN Maliki Malang. Dengan kata lain bahwa jika peran kepemimpinan semakin baik maka hal ini akan meningkatkan kinerja karyawan di unisma dan UIN Maliki Malang.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 351,
"width": 407,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan di Unisma dan UIN Maliki Malang. Dengan kata lain bahwa jika lingkungan kerja semakin baik maka hal ini akan meningkatkan kinerja karyawan di UNISMA dan UIN Maliki Malang.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 415,
"width": 407,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Peran kepemimpinan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi kerja di Unisma dan UIN Maliki Malang. Dengan kata lain bahwa jika peran kepemimpinan semakin baik maka hal ini akan meningkatkan motivasi kerja karyawan di UNISMA dan UIN Maliki Malang.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 478,
"width": 407,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. Lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi kerja di Unisma dan UIN Maliki Malang. Dengan kata lain bahwa jika lingkungan kerja semakin baik maka hal ini akan meningkatkan motivasi kerja karyawan di UNISMA dan UIN Maliki Malang.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 542,
"width": 407,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5. Motivasi kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan di Unisma dan UIN Maliki Malang. Dengan kata lain bahwa jika motivasi kerja semakin baik maka hal ini akan meningkatkan kinerja karyawan di UNISMA dan UIN Maliki Malang.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 267,
"top": 622,
"width": 111,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 635,
"width": 357,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Bangun. W. 2012. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta : Erlangga.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 651,
"width": 444,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Prayitno, Duwi. 2010. Paham Analisa Data Statistik Dengan SPSS . MediaKom, Yogyakarta Robbins Stephen, 2006. Perilaku Organisasi. Yakarta: Prenhallindo.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 683,
"width": 444,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sani & Masyhuri M. 2010. Metodologi Riset Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia .UIN Press: Malang.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 715,
"width": 444,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sarwono, Jonathan. 2006. Analisis Data Penelitian Menggunakan SPSS. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 51,
"top": 758,
"width": 9,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "30",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 50,
"width": 444,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sunyoto, Danang. 2013. Sumber Daya Manusia. Cetakan 1. CAPS ( Center for Academic Publishing Service ). Yogyakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 82,
"width": 444,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sugiyono. 2011. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D . Bandung: AFABETA, cv.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
ce7e4639-be28-6625-b6bd-01fe8b3f8c54 | https://jurnal.stkippgritulungagung.ac.id/index.php/jipi/article/download/2633/1165 | [
{
"left": 47,
"top": 24,
"width": 90,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E-ISSN : 2540 - 8984",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 47,
"width": 271,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JIPI (Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian dan Pembelajaran Informatika)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 59,
"width": 185,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 07, Nomor 02, Juni 2022 : 303 – 313",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 534,
"top": 800,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "303",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 91,
"width": 479,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ALAT PENGHITUNG JUMLAH KENDARAAN OTOMATIS PADA AREA PARKIR APARTEMEN BERBASIS INTERNET OF THING MENGGUNAKAN ARDUINO UNO",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 159,
"width": 248,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Agung Raihan 1) , Fauziah 2) , Novi Dian Nathasia 3)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 173,
"width": 388,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1, 2, 3) Informatika, Fakultas Teknologi Komunikasi dan Informatika, Universitas Nasional Ps Minggu, Jakarta Selatan, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta e-mail: [email protected] 1) , [email protected] 2) , [email protected] 3)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 279,
"top": 221,
"width": 51,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 233,
"width": 507,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Apartemen merupakan tempat tinggal yang bisa mengakomodir aktifitas sehari – hari setiap penguhinya. Namun setiap penghuni apartemen pasti memiliki beberapa kendaraan yang harus di fasilitasi tempat yang nyaman tanpa harus memikirkan area parkir, bahkan terkadang ada beberapa penghuni memiliki kendaraan yang melebihi sesuai ketentuan. Sehingga me- nyebabkan lahan parkir menjadi tidak beraturan dan menghambat akses keluar masuk kendaraan. Walaupun sudah ada petu- gas keamanan yang mengatur keamanaan area apartemen, namun terkadang tetap ada kejanggalan di area parkir. Tetapi tidak semua kesalahan ada pada penghuni dikarenakan mungkin penghuni ada yang terburu – buru sehingga tidak sempat mencari lahan parkir yang kosong. Oleh karena itu terciptalah alat untuk menghitung jumlah kendaraan keluar masuk dengan secara otomatis menggunakan sensor Infrared dan PIR yang terhubung dengan Arduino Uno. Tetapi sensor Infrared dan PIR juga dapat menentukan kecepatan kendaraan yang melalui kedua sensor tersebut dengan menggunakan perhitungan miles dan menampilkan hasil dengan nilau satuan KM/H. Alat penghitung otomatis ini akan dilakukan pengujian menggunakan algoritma K-Means dan Naive Bayes untuk melihat tingkat akurasi pada rancangan alat. Hasil yang didapat setelah melakukan pengujian 100 data menggunakan metode Naive Bayes yaitu 95%. Maka rancangan alat ini dapat berfungsi dengan baik dan bisa membantu kinerja keamanan supaya lebih mudah memonitoring area parkir.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 395,
"width": 272,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci: Arduino Uno, Infrared, Kendaraan, PIR, Motor Servo.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 419,
"width": 57,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 432,
"width": 504,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The The apartment is a place to live that can accommodate the daily activities of every occupant. However, every apartment dweller must have a vehicle that must be facilitated in a comfortable place without having to have a parking area, sometimes even some vehicle owners who exceed the provisions. This causes the parking lot to become irregular and hinders access to and from vehicles. Even though there are security officers who manage the apartment, sometimes there are still irregularities in the apartment area. But not all of the fault lies with the occupants because there may be residents who are in a hurry, so there is no time to look for an empty parking space. Therefore, a tool was created to calculate the number of vehicles that exit automatically using Infrared and PIR sensors that are connected to the Arduino Uno. But the Infrared and PIR sensors can also determine the speed of the vehicle through these two sensors using the mile calculation and display the results with the unit value of KM/H. This automatic calculator will be tested using yahoo K-Means and Naive Bayes to see the level of accuracy in the design of the tool. The results obtained after testing 100 data using the Naive Bayes method are 95%. Then the design of this tool can function properly and can help security performance to more easily monitor the parking area.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 570,
"width": 253,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Arduino Uno, Infrared, Vehicle, PIR, Servo Motor.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 256,
"top": 605,
"width": 83,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "I. P ENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 621,
"width": 505,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ertumbuhan teknologi pada era globalisasi semakin canggih dan bertumbuh secara pesat. Dengan bertumbuhnya teknologi Arduino Uno yang semakin canggih akhirnya bisa di gunakan untuk menyelesaikan berbagai macam permasalahan pada kehidupan manusia. Seperti halnya yang sering terjadi pada permasalahan parkir, sekiranya kendaraan berupa mobil dan motor yang memerlukan suatu lahan parkiran yang luas. Ada kalanya pengguna kendaraan tidak memperdulikan dan tidak mengetahui area parkir tersebut sudah melebihi kapasitas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 697,
"width": 507,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Biasanya sistem parkiran masih mempergunakan cara kerja secara manual. Sekiranya apabila lahan parkiran sudah penuh dan melebihi kapasitas maka petugas keamanan akan memberikan informasi kepada pengendara kendaraan bahwasanya lahan parkir sudah tidak tersedia. Dikarenakan tertinggalnya informasi dalam perkembangan teknologi dari petugas keamanan di suatu apartemen, membuat kepadatan dan kepenuhan kendaraan dalam area parkiran apartemen. Masih sering kita melihat penumpukan antrian kendaraan yang terjadi pada pintu masuk dan pintu keluar.[1]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 773,
"width": 494,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk mempermudah petugas keamanan dalam memonitoring area parkir di era yang semuanya serba",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 619,
"width": 41,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 24,
"width": 90,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E-ISSN : 2540 - 8984",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 47,
"width": 271,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JIPI (Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian dan Pembelajaran Informatika)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 59,
"width": 185,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 07, Nomor 02, Juni 2022 : 303 – 313",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 534,
"top": 800,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "304",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 93,
"width": 505,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mempergunakan teknologi, maka dibutuhkannya sebuah rancangan alat yang dapat bekerja secara otomatis. Alat yang dibutuhkan harus memiliki kemampuan dalam memberikan informasi dan bisa mendeteksi objek atau kendaraan. Sistem tersebut membutuhkan komponen yang dapat melihat objek yang akan masuk, mendeteksi kecepatan kendaraan, membuat sistem gerak dan dapat memberikan informasi menggunakan sumber sinyal suara.[2] Maka dari itu komponen yang akan dipergunakan sebagai pendeteksi objek ada 2 sensor yaitu sensor Infrared dan sensor PIR , namun kedua sensor tersbut tidak hanya dapat mendeteksi kendaraan yang ingin masuk area parkir tetapi sensor tersebut dapat menghitung kecepatan kendaraan dengan cara memberikan perhitungan miles, untuk komponen sistem gerak akan menggunakan Motor Servo untuk membuka boom gate/ palang pintu secara otomatis, dan komponen yang akan memberikan sinyal suara yaitu Buzzer . Komponen-komponen tersebut termasuk sebagai teknologi Internet Of Thing dikarenakan komponen dapat bekerja dan berkomunikasi tanpa harus menunggu perintah dari manusia. Internet Of Thing ialah sebuah teknologi yang biasa dipergunakan oleh manusia dalam menjalankan aktifitas keseharian yang dapat terhubung dengan internet.[3]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 258,
"width": 504,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya membuat rancangan alat otomatis yang dapat mengontrol lahan area parkir supaya dapat membatu petugas dalam mengatur kendaraan. Pada penelitian ini rancangan alat otomatis untuk sistem parkir yang dibuat menggunakan RFID dan Arduino, lalu Arduino digunakan sebagai mikrokontroler dan menggunakan motor servo sebagai penggerak boom gate/palang pintu. Tugas RFID pada alat otomatis ini yaitu sebagai akses untuk menentukan siapa saja yang dapat masuk area parkir.[4]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 321,
"width": 505,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini terancang karena mendapat inspirasi dari penelitian sebelumnya yang membuat rancangan alat otomatis. Pada penelitian ini tedapat beberapa komponen tambahan agar alat otomatis sistem parkir dapat lebih mudah dimonitor. Komponen tambahan yang digunakan sebagai alat pendukung yaitu LCD 16x2 untuk memberikan informasi mengenai kapasitas area parkir, lalu ada sensor Infrared untuk menghitung kendaraan yang ingin masuk area parkir, kemudian sensor PIR yang membantu memberikan perintah kepada motor servo untuk membuka boom gate/palang pintu jika ada kendaraan yang in masuk area parkir dan terdapat Buzzer sebagai alat pemberi informasi kalau kapasitas area pakir sudah tidak tersedia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 241,
"top": 422,
"width": 113,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "II. M ETODE P ENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 438,
"width": 505,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian penghitung otomatis kendaraan memerlukan perangkat software dan hardware yang bisa membantu dan bisa memperlihatkan jumlah kendaraan pada LCD.[5] LCD akan menampilkan jumlah kendaraan yang keluar masuk dengan dibantu oleh sensor Infrared sebagai alat penghitung dan terdapat sensor PIR yang akan memberikan perintah ke Motor Servo untuk membuka boom gate / palang pintu agar kendaraan bisa m asuk ke area parkir, namun jika boom gate/ palang pintu tidak terbuka makan akan diberi informasi oleh Buzzer berupa suara peringatan bahwa area parkir sudah penuh.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 520,
"width": 130,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A. Diagram Alur Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 536,
"width": 504,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada Gambar 1. Memberikan penjelasan bahwa penelitian diawali dengan studi literatur untuk memperoleh informasi yang bertujuan sebagai awal dari kebutuhan perancangan perangkat, lalu melakukan pemrograman perangkat dan melakukan pengujian untuk mengetahui apakah perangkat berjalan dengan baik atau tidak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 250,
"top": 775,
"width": 97,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1. Alur Penelitian",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 24,
"width": 90,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E-ISSN : 2540 - 8984",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 47,
"width": 271,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JIPI (Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian dan Pembelajaran Informatika)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 59,
"width": 185,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 07, Nomor 02, Juni 2022 : 303 – 313",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 534,
"top": 800,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "305",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 93,
"width": 505,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1 merupakan alur penelitian, pada tahap alur penelitian terdapat studi literatur yang membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama dikarenakan harus mengumpulkan informasi supaya dapat menentukan jenis dan kebutuhan untuk melakukan perancangan perangkat. Dan studi literatur juga harus menentukan langkah – langkah yang akan diambil untuk melakukan perancangan, agar jika terjadi sebuah kegagalan maka sudah memiliki solusinya. Selanjutnya pada tahap perancangan perangkat terdiri dari perancangan komponen dan memprogram software. Lalu jika tahap perancangan sudah selesai, maka tahap berikutnya yaitu pengujian perangkat. Pada pengujian perangkat akan dilakukan pengetesan perangkat apakah berjalan dengan baik atau tidak dan jika perangkat berjalan dengan baik berarti perangkat tersebut layak untuk terapkan.[6]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 213,
"width": 155,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B. Analisis Kebutuhan Perangkat",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 229,
"width": 505,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perangkat membutuhkan sistem software dan hardware karena sangat beperan penting supaya perangkat bisa berjalan dengan baik. Pada Tabel I terdapat Software yang gunakan yaitu Windows 8 dan Arduino IDE 1.8.13 dan hardware yang dibutuhkan adalah Procesor, Ram, Mikrokontroler, Sensor Cahaya, Sensor Gerak, Penggerak dan Sinyal Suara terdapat pada Tabel II . Dibawah ini adalah tipe-tipe sistem yang digunakan, sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 285,
"top": 291,
"width": 28,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "T ABEL I",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 223,
"top": 305,
"width": 150,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "K EBUTUHAN P ERANGKAT L UNAK / S OFTWARE T ABEL II K EBUTUHAN P ERANGKAT K ERAS / H ARDWARE",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 505,
"width": 197,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "C. Perancangan Alat Penghitung Otomatis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 520,
"width": 504,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada metode perancangan kali ini akan memberikan pemaparan apa saja komponen yang digunakan untuk merancang alat penghitung otomatis dan alat tersebut akan dijadikan rangkaian yang utuh supaya dapat berfungsi dengan baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 571,
"width": 91,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Arduino Uno R3",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 584,
"width": 490,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2 merupakan Board Mikrokontroler atau bisa disebut Arduino Uno mempunyai 14 pin masukan dan keluaran digital yang terdiri dari 6 pin masukan berfungsi sebagai keluaran PWM dan 6 pin masukan analog, 16 MHz osilator kristal, koneksi USB, jack power, ICSP header, dan tobol reset. Mikrokontroler atau Arduino berfungsi sebagai pusat kendali/otak yang mengatur masukan, poses dan keluaran pada rangkaian elektronik.[7] Pada Mikrokontroler pengguna hanya perlu melakukan pemasangan terhadap masukan dan keluaran, lalu membuat daftar kode supaya dapat diproses oleh CPU di Mikrokontroler tersebut.[8]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 250,
"top": 322,
"width": 97,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perangkat Lunak/ Software",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 253,
"top": 332,
"width": 90,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Windows 8 Arduino IDE 1.8.13 Perangkat Keras/ Hardware",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 52,
"top": 412,
"width": 392,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perangkat Spesifikasi Procesor Intel Core N2840 RAM 2 GB DDR3 Mikrokontroler Arduino Uno R3 Sensor Cahaya Sensor Infrared Sensor gerak Sensor PIR Penggerak Motor Servo Sinyal Suara Buzzer",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 24,
"width": 90,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E-ISSN : 2540 - 8984",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 47,
"width": 271,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JIPI (Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian dan Pembelajaran Informatika)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 59,
"width": 185,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 07, Nomor 02, Juni 2022 : 303 – 313",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 534,
"top": 800,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "306",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 224,
"top": 344,
"width": 150,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2. Arduino Uno/ Mikrokontroler",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 376,
"width": 64,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) LCD 16x2",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 389,
"width": 490,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 3 merupakan LCD 16x2 yang berfungsi sebagai penampil text dan bisa memperlihatkan 2x16 karakter. LCD 16x2 memakai potensiometer yang dapat mengatur kecerahan pada LCD 16x2 yaitu dengan mengatur tegangan VO pada pin 3.[9] LCD 16x2 ini akan menampilkan jumlah kendaraan yang akan masuk ke area parkir apartemen. Berikut adalah komponen LCD yang digunakan :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 258,
"top": 663,
"width": 81,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 3. LCD 16x2",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 684,
"width": 91,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Sensor Infrared",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 696,
"width": 490,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 4 merupakan Sensor Infrared yang berarti sensor biner yang bisa memberikan hasil keluaran 1 atau 0. Sensor Infrared dapat mendeteksi adanya sebuah benda dan jarak yang bisa ditempuh oleh sensor IR kurang lebih 3 sampai 80 cm.[10] Sensor Infrared akan berfungsi sebagai pendeteksi dan penghitunng kendaraan yang ini masuk ke area parkir apartemen. Berikut komponen sensor Infrared yang digunakan untuk mendeteksi objek :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 24,
"width": 90,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E-ISSN : 2540 - 8984",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 47,
"width": 271,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JIPI (Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian dan Pembelajaran Informatika)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 59,
"width": 185,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 07, Nomor 02, Juni 2022 : 303 – 313",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 534,
"top": 800,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "307",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 249,
"top": 264,
"width": 99,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 4. Sensor Infrared",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 296,
"width": 69,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4) Sensor PIR",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 308,
"width": 490,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 5 merupakan PIR (Passive Infrared Receiver) yakni sensor yang dapat mendeteksi radiasi sinar infrared namun tidak dapat memancarkan sinar infrared. Sensor PIR ada partikel yang memliki perannya masing-masing, yakni Fresnel Lens, Infrared Filter, Pyroelectrik Sensor, Amplifier, dan Comparator.[11] Sensor PIR ini berfungsi sebagai operator yang akan memberikan informasi ke Motor Servo jika ada kendaraan yang ingin masuk. Berikut adalah komponen PIR untuk pendeteksi gerak :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 257,
"top": 567,
"width": 83,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 5. Sensor PIR",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 599,
"width": 74,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5) Motor Servo",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 612,
"width": 490,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 6 merupakan Motor Servo yaitu motor DC yang memiliki sistem closed feedback. Motor servo memiliki mesin arus searah, serangkaian gear, potensiometer dan rangkaian kontrol.[3] Pada perancangan kali ini motor servo berfungsi sebagai komponen yang dapat membuka palang pintu/ boom gate saat menerima perintah dari sensor PIR jika ada kendaraan yang ingin masuk. Berikut adalah komponen gerak yang digunakan untuk membuka boom gate / palang pintu :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 24,
"width": 90,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E-ISSN : 2540 - 8984",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 47,
"width": 271,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JIPI (Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian dan Pembelajaran Informatika)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 59,
"width": 185,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 07, Nomor 02, Juni 2022 : 303 – 313",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 534,
"top": 800,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "308",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 255,
"top": 285,
"width": 88,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 6. Motor Servo",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 317,
"width": 49,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6) Buzzer",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 330,
"width": 491,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 7 merupakan Buzzer yang berarti komponen elektronika yang bisa merubah sinyal listrik menjadi suara.[12] Pada perancangan ini fungsi bazzer itu sendiri ialah untuk memberikan informasi kepada pengguna kendaraan bahwa slot parkir sudah full atau tidak tersedia. Berikut adalah komponen yang digunakan sebagai sinyal suara :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 265,
"top": 559,
"width": 68,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 7. Buzzer",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 598,
"width": 490,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "D. Metode Yang Digunakan Untuk Menghitung Akurasi Pada Alat Penghitung Jumlah Kendaraaan Otomatis 1) Algoritma Naive Bayes",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 83,
"top": 626,
"width": 469,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode Naive Bayes yaitu kategori algoritma yang memeliki metode statistik dan probabilitas, yang dimana setiap kendaraan yang masuk/keluar area parkir yaitu benar. Algoritma ini hanya memerlukan pembibitan data untuk memberikan pernilaian parameter yang dibutuhkan dalam proses pengklasifikasian. Pada Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Naive bayes untuk menghitung akurasi kendaraan yang masuk area parkir apartemen.[13]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 702,
"width": 109,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Algoritma K-Means",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 83,
"top": 714,
"width": 469,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Algoritma K-Means adalah metode clustering yang paling sederhana. K-Means mampu mengumpulkan data dalam jumlah besar dengan waktu yang relatif cepat dan efisien.[14] Pada metode ini langkah pertama yang dilakukan yaitu menentukan banyaknya kelompok yang akan dibuat, langkah kedua membuat data yang akan dikelompokan dan langkah terakhir adalah penyusunan data sesuai dengan kelompok yang ditentukan.[15] Data yang akan digunakan yaitu hasil pengujian dari perancangan alat penghiutng otomatis pada area parkir.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 24,
"width": 90,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E-ISSN : 2540 - 8984",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 47,
"width": 271,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JIPI (Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian dan Pembelajaran Informatika)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 59,
"width": 185,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 07, Nomor 02, Juni 2022 : 303 – 313",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 534,
"top": 800,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "309",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 93,
"width": 181,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "III. P EMBAHASAN D AN H ASIL A NALISA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 240,
"top": 337,
"width": 118,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 8. Miniatur Area Parkir",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 358,
"width": 505,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada Gambar 8 merupakan miniatur alat penghitung otomatis yang dirancang oleh guna membantu petugas keamanan dalam mengatur area parkir. Pada pintu masuk/keluar area parkir terdapat sensor Infrared yang berfungsi mendeteksi kendaraan, lalu setelah sensor Infrared terdapat LCD 16x2 yang memberikan tampilan kapasitas area parkir yang tersedia sekaligus dapat menampilkan kecepatan kendaraan yang ingin masuk, setelah itu ada sensor PIR yang membantu memberikan perintah ke Motor Servo supaya membuka Boom Gate/ Palang Pintu, dan terdapat buzzer pada single board yang berfungi memberikan informasi apabila area parkir sudah tidak tersedia. Semua komponen itu terhubung ke Mikrokontroler Arduino Uni R3 yang bertugas sebagai induk pemroses kegunaan semua alat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 471,
"width": 498,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "T ABEL III P ENGUJIAN S ENSOR I NFRARED No Sensor Infrared Terdeteksi/ Tidak Terdeteksi Mekanisme Sensor Hasil Yang Diinginkan 1 ON Terdeteksi Kendaraan yang masuk/keluar terdeteksi oleh sensor Kedua LED pada sensor menyala Sensor meneruskan data input ke LCD 2 OFF Tidak Terdeteksi Kendaraan yang masuk/keluar tidak terdeteksi oleh sensor Lampu LED pada sensor hanya menyala satu Tidak ada kendaraan yang masuk area parkir",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 586,
"width": 504,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel III merupakan pengujian sensor Infrared . Pada tahap ini dilakukan pengujian untuk melihat kinerja sensor apakah berfungsi dengan baik atau tidak. Hasil dari pengujian tersebut sensor Infrared dapat bekerja dengan baik dalam mendeteksi kendaraan yang masuk area parkir.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 261,
"top": 636,
"width": 75,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "T ABEL IV P ENGUJIAN LCD 16 X 2",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 663,
"width": 497,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No LCD 16x2 Mekanisme LCD Hasil Yang Diinginkan 1 Menampilkan LCD menampilkan inputan jumlah kendaraan bertambah atau berkurang LCD mendapat informasi jika ada kendaraan yang melewati sensor Infrared di area pintu masuk/keluar 2 Tidak Menampilkan Inputan jumlah kendaraan pada LCD tidak bertambah LCD tidak mendapat informasi dari sensor Infrared jika ada kendaraan yang masuk/keluar area parkir",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 723,
"width": 504,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel IV merupakan pengujian LCD 16x2 . Pada tahap ini dilakukan pengujian untuk melihat kinerja LCD apakah berfungsi dengan baik atau tidak. Hasil dari pengujian tersebut LCD bekerja dengan baik dapat menampilkan jumlah kendaraan yang berada di area parkir dan dapat menampilkan kecepatan kendaraan yang ingin masuk area parkir.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 24,
"width": 90,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E-ISSN : 2540 - 8984",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 47,
"width": 271,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JIPI (Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian dan Pembelajaran Informatika)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 59,
"width": 185,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 07, Nomor 02, Juni 2022 : 303 – 313",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 534,
"top": 800,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "310",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 259,
"top": 93,
"width": 79,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "T ABEL V P ENGUJIAN S ENSOR PIR",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 120,
"width": 497,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No Sensor PIR Terdeteksi/ Tidak Terdeteksi Hasil Yang Diinginkan 1 ON Terdeteksi Kendaraan yang masuk/keluar terdeteksi oleh sensor Sensor akan memberikan perintah ke Motor Servo supaya membuka palang pintu karena ada kendaraan yang ingin masuk area parkir 2 OFF Tidak Terdeteksi Kendaraan yang masuk/keluar tidak terdeteksi oleh sensor Tidak ada kendaraan yang masuk area parkir atau area parkir sudah penuh",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 207,
"width": 505,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel V merupakan pengujian sensor PIR . Pada tahap ini dilakukan pengujian untuk melihat kinerja sensor apakah berfungsi dengan baik atau tidak. Hasil dari pengujian tersebut sensor bekerja dengan baik dapat menampilkan mendeteksi kendaraan yang ingin masuk dan dapat mengirimkan perintah ke motor servo supaya membuka boom gate/ palang pintu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 257,
"width": 497,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "T ABEL VI P ENGUJIAN M OTOR S ERVO No Motor Servo Mekanisme Motor Servo Hasil Yang Diinginkan 1 ON Boom Gate / Palang pintu terbuka Motor servo mendapat perintah dari sensor PIR jika ada kendaraan yang ingin masuk area parkir 2 OFF Boom Gate / Palang pintu tertutup Tidak ada kendaraan yang masuk area parkir atau area parkir sudah penuh",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 335,
"width": 504,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel VI merupakan pengujian Motor Servo. Pada tahap ini dilakukan pengujian untuk melihat kinerja Motor Servo apakah berfungsi dengan baik atau tidak. Hasil dari pengujian tersebut motor servo bekerja dengan baik dapat menerima perintah dari PIR dan dapat membuka boom gate/ palang pintu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 373,
"width": 497,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "T ABEL VII P ENGUJIAN B UZZER No Buzzer Mekanisme Buzzer Hasil Yang Diinginkan 1 ON Buzzer berbunyi Buzzer akan memberikan informasi jika area parkir sudah penuh dan akan menampilkan dan akan menampilkan inputan ke LCD berupa kata “Maaf Area Parkir Sudah Penuh”",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 428,
"width": 494,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 OFF Buzzer tidak berbunyi Buzzer tidak akan berbunyi jika area parkir masih tersedia atau tidak ada kendaraan yang ingin masuk",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 460,
"width": 505,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel VII merupakan pengujian Buzzer . Pada tahap ini dilakukan pengujian untuk melihat kinerja Buzzer apakah berfungsi dengan baik atau tidak. Hasil dari pengujian tersebut Buzzer bekerja dengan baik dapat memberikan informasi melalu sumber bunyi kalau area parkir sudah tidak tersedia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 498,
"width": 505,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Skenario pengujian data area parkir untuk sensor Infrared, sensor PIR, LCD, Motor Servo dan Buzzer dalam posisi aktif dapat bekerja dengan baik. Kolom jarak yaitu jarak kendaraan yang berada didepan sensor Infrared saat ingin masuk area parkir, begitu juga dengan kolom kecapatan yaitu nilai yang didapat saat kendaraan ingin masuk area parkir hendak melewati sensor Infrared dan sensor PIR. Sedangkan pada kolom kesimpulan nilai 1 berarti kendaraan dapat masuk area parkir dan nilai 0 berarti kendaraan tidak dapat masuk area parkir.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 279,
"top": 560,
"width": 40,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "T ABEL VIII",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 574,
"width": 477,
"height": 205,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P ENGUJIAN D ATA A REA P ARKIR No Keterangan Jarak Kecepatan Kendaraan Kesimpulan 1 Kendaraan 1 10cm 0,50KM/H 1 2 Kendaraan 2 17cm 0 KM/H 0 3 Kendaraan 3 11cm 1,20KM/H 1 4 Kendaraan 4 16cm 0,43 KM/H 1 5 Kendaraan 5 12cm 3,15KM/H 1 6 Kendaraan 6 17cm 0 KM/H 1 7 Kendaraan 7 14cm 10,05KM/H 1 8 Kendaraan 8 9cm 2,75KM/H 1 9 Kendaraan 9 8cm 1,05KM/H 1 10 Kendaraan 10 6cm 0,37KM/H 1 11 Kendaraan 11 5cm 11,23KM/H 1 12 Kendaraan 12 10cm 3,83KM/H 1 13 Kendaraan 13 17cm 0 KM/H 0 14 Kendaraan 14 16cm 0 KM/H 0 15 Kendaraan 15 12cm 4,10KM/H 1 16 Kendaraan 16 10cm 2,19KM/H 1 17 Kendaraan 17 15cm 5,27KM/H 1 18 Kendaraan 18 13cm 6,11KM/H 1 19 Kendaraan 19 11cm 8,69KM/H 1 20 Kendaraan 20 10cm 3,09KM/H 1",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 24,
"width": 90,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E-ISSN : 2540 - 8984",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 47,
"width": 271,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JIPI (Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian dan Pembelajaran Informatika)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 59,
"width": 185,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 07, Nomor 02, Juni 2022 : 303 – 313",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 534,
"top": 800,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "311",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 93,
"width": 505,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel VIII merupakan pengujian data area parkir. Pada tahap ini dilakukan pelatihan data untuk menguji alat penghitung otomatis. Data pengujian tersebut sudah sesuai dengan ketentuan kapasitas area parkir yang sudah ditentukan. Menurut hasil pengujian diatas terdapat 20 kendaraan yang bisa memasuki area parkir dan 5 kendaraan tidak bisa memasuki dikarenakan tidak jaraknya yang tidak terjangkau oleh sensor.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 161,
"width": 297,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A. Hasil Perhitungan Akurasi Menggunakan Metode Naive Bayes",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 177,
"width": 505,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada implementasi pengujian data menggunakan metode Naive Bayes berikut Sensor Infrared, Sensor PIR , LCD, Motor Servo dan Buzzer dalam keadaan aktif dapat bekerja dengan baik. Pada Kolom jarak yaitu jarak kendaraan yang berada didepan sensor Infrared saat ingin masuk area parkir, begitu juga dengan kolom kecapatan yaitu nilai yang didapat saat kendaraan ingin masuk area parkir hendak melewati sensor Infrared dan sensor PIR. Sedangkan pada kolom kesimpulan nilai 1 berarti kendaraan dapat masuk area parkir dan nilai 0 berarti kendaraan tidak dapat masuk area parkir. Kolom confidence itu adalah keluaran dari aplikasi yang digunakan untuk menguji data dengan mengeluarkan nilai desimal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 282,
"top": 276,
"width": 33,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "T ABEL IX",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 56,
"top": 290,
"width": 490,
"height": 214,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P ENGUJIAN D ATA M ETODE N AIVE B AYES No Keterangan Kecepatan Kendaraan Jarak Confidence (sesuai) Confidence (tidak sesuai) Kesimpulan 1 Kendaraan 1 0,50KM/H 10cm 1.000 0.000 1 2 Kendaraan 2 0 KM/H 17cm 0.000 1.000 0 3 Kendaraan 3 1,20KM/H 11cm 1.000 0.000 1 4 Kendaraan 4 0,43 KM/H 16cm 0.931 0.069 1 5 Kendaraan 5 3,15KM/H 12cm 1.000 0.000 1 6 Kendaraan 6 0 KM/H 17cm 0.000 1.000 1 7 Kendaraan 7 10,05KM/H 14cm 1.000 0.000 1 8 Kendaraan 8 2,75KM/H 9cm 1.000 0.000 1 9 Kendaraan 9 1,05KM/H 8cm 1.000 0.000 1 10 Kendaraan 10 0,37KM/H 6cm 1.000 0.000 1 11 Kendaraan 11 11,23KM/H 5cm 1.000 0.000 1 12 Kendaraan 12 3,83KM/H 10cm 1.000 0.000 1 13 Kendaraan 13 0 KM/H 17cm 0.000 1.000 0 14 Kendaraan 14 0 KM/H 16cm 0.000 1.000 0 15 Kendaraan 15 4,10KM/H 12cm 1.000 0.000 1 16 Kendaraan 16 2,19KM/H 10cm 1.000 0.000 1 17 Kendaraan 17 5,27KM/H 15cm 1.000 0.000 1 18 Kendaraan 18 10,80KM/H 13cm 1.000 0.000 1 19 Kendaraan 19 8,69KM/H 11cm 1.000 0.000 1 20 Kendaraan 20 3,09KM/H 10cm 1.000 0.000 1",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 520,
"width": 505,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada tabel IX terdapat 20 pengujian data, dengan data pengujian ini akan dilakukan rekapitulasi dengan metode Naive bayes . Pada tahap ini akan dilihat tingkat akurasi yang didapatkan pada rangkaian alat penghitung otomatis area parkir berbasis Arduino Uno dengan menggunakan metode Naive Bayes .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 213,
"top": 674,
"width": 172,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 9 Nilai Accuracy Metode Naive Bayes",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 695,
"width": 505,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 9 merupakan nilai accuracy metode Naive Bayes. Pada tahap ini merupakan nilai accuracy yang didapat setelah melakuakan pengujian data menggunakan metode Naive Bayes dan nilai persentase yang didapat adalah 95%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 24,
"width": 90,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E-ISSN : 2540 - 8984",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 47,
"width": 271,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JIPI (Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian dan Pembelajaran Informatika)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 59,
"width": 185,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 07, Nomor 02, Juni 2022 : 303 – 313",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 534,
"top": 800,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "312",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 93,
"width": 334,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B. Hasil Pengelompokan Data Pengujian Menggunakan Metode K-Means",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 283,
"top": 108,
"width": 32,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "T ABEL X",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 121,
"width": 478,
"height": 206,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P ENGELOMPOKAN D ATA M ETODE K-M EANS No Cluster Confidence (Sesuai) Confidence (Tidak Sesuai) 1 Cluster_1 1000 0 2 Cluster_0 0 1000 3 Cluster_1 1000 0 4 Cluster_2 0,931 0,069 5 Cluster_1 1000 0 6 Cluster_0 0 1000 7 Cluster_1 1000 0 8 Cluster_1 1000 0 9 Cluster_1 1000 0 10 Cluster_1 1000 0 11 Cluster_1 1000 0 12 Cluster_1 1000 0 13 Cluster_0 0 1000 14 Cluster_0 0 1000 15 Cluster_1 1000 0 16 Cluster_1 1000 0 17 Cluster_1 1000 0 18 Cluster_1 1000 0 19 Cluster_1 1000 0 20 Cluster_1 1000 0",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 342,
"width": 505,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel X merupakan pengelompokan data menggunakan metode K-Means . Pada tahap ini telah dilakukan pengelompokan data dengan 3 cluster yaitu cluster 0 mengelompokan kendaraan yang tidak bisa masuk area parkir, cluster 1 mengelompokan kendaraan yang bisa masuk area parkir, dan untuk cluster 2 mengelompokan kendaraan yang bisa masuk area parkir namun kententuan jaraknya tidak sesuai . Berikut adalah hasil pengelompokan data menggunakan metode K-Means :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 411,
"width": 107,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cluster 0 : 3 Kendaraan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 430,
"width": 113,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cluster 1 : 16 Kendaraan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 449,
"width": 107,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cluster 2 : 1 Kendaraan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 468,
"width": 149,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Total semua item : 20 Kendaraan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 257,
"top": 499,
"width": 82,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "IV. K ESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 516,
"width": 505,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada area parkir sesekali ada kejanggalan yang terjadi dikarenakan petugas keamanan kesulitan dalam memonitoring kendaraan yang masuk area parkir, namun terkadang pemilik kendaraan juga terburu-buru sehingga tidak sempat mencari slot parkir yang kosong dan pada akhirnya akan terjadi penumpukan di area parkir. Oleh karena itu alat penghitung otomatis kendaraan yang dapat melihat kapasitas area parkir sehingga memudahkan petugas keamanan dalam memonitoring kendaraan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 579,
"width": 505,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan mulai dari proses perancangan hingga proses pengujian pada alat penghitung otomatis area parkir dapat disimpulkan bahwa rancangan alat ini mampu memonitoring kendaraan yang ingin masuk area parkir dan bisa memperlihatkan kecepatan kendaraan yang melewati boom gate / palang pintu dapat bekerja dengan baik. Hasil dari pengujian akan dilihat tingkat akurasi pada rancangan alat penghitung otomatis dengan menggunakan metode Naive Bayes dan hasil data akan di kelompokkan menggunakan metode K- Means. Hasil yang didapatkan setelah melakukan pengujian dengan metode Naive Bayes nilai persentasenya adalah 95%. Maka alat penghitung otomatis ini mampu membantu kinerja keamanan dalam memonitoring area parkir apartemen supaya tidak ada lagi penumpukan pada parkiran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 256,
"top": 705,
"width": 82,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "D AFTAR P USTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 719,
"width": 489,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[1] E. Sunandar, A. Saefullah, and Y. Q. Meka, “Prototype Monitoring Area Parkir Mobil Berbasis Arduino Uno Untuk Mendeteksi Ketersediaan Slot Parkir Secara Otomatis,” CCIT J. , vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 83–97, 2017, doi: 10.33050/ccit.v10i1.522.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 739,
"width": 11,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[2]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 738,
"width": 467,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "W. D. Agustin, E. Nasrullah, and R. A. S. Priadi, “Model Sistem Hitung Kendaraan pada Area Parkir Bertingkat 2 Menggunakan Mikrokontroler ATMega8535,” Electrician , vol. 12, no. 2, p. 62, 2019, doi: 10.23960/elc.v12n2.2082.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 756,
"width": 497,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[3] Y. Maskurdianto, “RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM MONITORING DAN KONTROLING PARKIR BERTINGKAT OTOMATIS BERBASIS ARDUINO DENGAN IMPLEMENTASI INTERNET OF THINK(IoT),” JATI (Jurnal Mhs. Tek. Inform. , vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 113–119, 2019, doi: 10.36040/jati.v3i2.878.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 24,
"width": 90,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E-ISSN : 2540 - 8984",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 47,
"width": 271,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JIPI (Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian dan Pembelajaran Informatika)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 59,
"width": 185,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 07, Nomor 02, Juni 2022 : 303 – 313",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 534,
"top": 800,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "313",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 91,
"width": 486,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[4] F. Khairuddin and S. T. R. Fitriadi, “Otomasi Sistem Parkir Sepeda Motor Berbasis RFID dan Arduino (Studi Kasus: Tempat Parkir Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta),” 2020, [Online]. Available: http://eprints.ums.ac.id/id/eprint/79806.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 109,
"width": 144,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[5] J. K. Sune Ericson, “REF 4.pdf.” .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 119,
"width": 503,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[6] A. R. Putri, P. N. Rahayu, and Y. Y. Ginantaka, “Pengontrol Suhu Ruangan Berbasis Arduino 2560,” JIPI (Jurnal Ilm. Penelit. dan Pembelajaran",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 129,
"width": 230,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Inform. , vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 161–166, 2021, doi: 10.29100/jipi.v6i1.1895.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 137,
"width": 489,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[7] G. Kurniawan S and I. Iwut Tritoasmoro, “Perancangan dan Prototipe Sistem Petunjuk Parkir Menggunakan Arduino dengan Algoritma Teori Permainan sebagai Penentu Lokasi Parkir,” e-Proceeding Eng. , vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 3403–3409, 2017.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 155,
"width": 421,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[8] D. Muliadi, “Perancangan Sistem Palang Parkir Otomatis Dan Perhitungan Slot Berbasis Mikrokontrol,” pp. 7–37, 2015.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 165,
"width": 485,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[9] P. Studi, T. Informatika, F. Teknik, D. A. N. Komputer, and U. P. Batam, “Perancangan Prototype Alat Penghitung Kelapa Otomatis,” 2021.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 175,
"width": 503,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[10] D. Reyhan, S. Sumaryo, F. T. Elektro, U. Telkom, and F. Logic, “Prototype sistem palang pintu kereta api otomatis,” vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 2990–2997, 2019.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 192,
"width": 486,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[11] A. Juliansyah, R. Ramlah, and D. Nadiani, “Sistem Pendeteksi Gerak Menggunakan Sensor PIR dan Raspberry Pi,” JTIM J. Teknol. Inf. dan Multimed. , vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 199–205, 2021, doi: 10.35746/jtim.v2i4.113.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 211,
"width": 488,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[12] Sarmidi and Sidik Ibnu Rahmat, “Sistem Peringatan Dini Banjir Menggunakan Sensor Ultrasonik Berbasis Arduino Uno,” J. Manaj. dan Tek.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 221,
"width": 142,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Inform. , vol. 02, no. 01, pp. 181–190, 2018.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 229,
"width": 485,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[13] N. S. Yogaswara, G. F. Gunawan, and F. E. Purwiantono, “Prototype Penjemur Pakaian Otomatis Berbasis Microcontroller Arduino Dengan Metode Naïve Bayes Serta Menggunakan Sensor Ldr Dan Sensor Kelembaban Udara Dht 11,” J. Teknoinfo , vol. 13, no. 1, p. 29, 2019, doi: 10.33365/jti.v13i1.198.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 257,
"width": 493,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[14] O. N. Pratiwi, “Analisa Perbandingan Algoritma K-Means, Decision Tree, Dan Nae Bayes Untuk Sistem Pengelompokkan Siswa Otomatis,” J. Ilm. Teknol. Infomasi Terap. , vol. 2, no. 2, 2016, doi: 10.33197/jitter.vol2.iss2.2016.98.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 275,
"width": 455,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[15] K. Auliasari, M. Kertaningtyas, S. T. Informatika, P. Studi, and T. Industri, “ANALISIS KUALITAS UDARA MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA K-MEANS,” vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 95–105, 2021.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
f137ba64-3403-73d4-9c38-da60d483efd1 | https://jurnal.um-palembang.ac.id/dikbio/article/download/4380/3083 | [
{
"left": 85,
"top": 59,
"width": 337,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Didaktika Biologi: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Biologi (2022), 6 (1), 21-29",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 59,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "21",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 796,
"width": 305,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tersedia online di http://jurnal.um-palembang.ac.id/index.php/dikbio",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 88,
"width": 380,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KREATIF PESERTA DIDIK MELALUI MODEL PROJECT BASED LEARNING (PjBL) SECARA DARING",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 129,
"width": 407,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "STUDENTS’ CREATIVE THINKING SKILLS THROUGH ONLINE PROJECT BASED LEARNING (PjBL) MODEL",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 168,
"width": 405,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amri* ) , Hariani Muhajir Pendidikan Biologi, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Parepare, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia, * ) email: [email protected] ; [email protected] (penulis korespondensi)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 229,
"width": 287,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dikirimkan: Februari 2022; Disetujui: Juni 2022; Diterbitkan: Juli 2022",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 252,
"width": 38,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 263,
"width": 428,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi yang sangat dibutuhkan dalam semua kemajuan dunia pendidikan pada abad ke-21, yang termasuk didalamnya adalah berpikir kreatif. Hasil studi awal diperoleh informasi keterampilan berpikir kreatif peserta didik kurang berkembang melalui pembelajaran daring karena adanya pandemi covid -19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan model pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL) secara daring terhadap keterampilan berpikir kreatif peserta didik kelas XI MIPA.3 UPT SMA Negeri 1 Parepare. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah pra-experiment dengan desain one group pretest-posttest design. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan semester ganjil tahun akademik 2021/2022. Subjek penelitian kelas XI MIPA.3 yang berjumlah 36 peserta didik. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar tes keterampilan berpikir kreatif. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik deskriptif dan inferensial. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan keterampilan berpikir kreatif peserta didik kelas XI MIPA.3 UPT SMA Negeri 1 Parepare sebelum diterapkan model pembelajaran PjBL secara daring rata-rata berada pada kategori kurang kreatif dengan persentase 40,42% dan sesudah pembelajaran rata-rata berada pada kategori sangat kreatif dengan persentase 90,28%. Penerapan model pembelajaran PjBL secara daring berpengaruh signifikan (sig. 0,000 < α 0,05) terhadap keterampilan berpikir kreatif peserta didik kelas XI MIPA.3 UPT SMAN 1 Parepare.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 447,
"width": 380,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci : keterampilan berpikir kreatif, model pembelajaran project based learning (PjBL)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 471,
"width": 37,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 482,
"width": 428,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Higher-order thinking skills are needed in all advancements in the world of education in the 21st century, which includes creative thinking. The results of the initial study obtained information that students' creative thinking skills were less developed through online learning due to the covid-19 pandemic. This study aimed to determine the application of the online Project Based Learning (PjBL) model on students’ creative thinking skills in class XI MIPA.3 UPT SMA Negeri 1 Parepare. The type of research used was pre-experimental with a one group pretest-posttest design. This research was carried out in the odd semester of the 2021/2022 academic year. The research subjects were class XI MIPA.3 which consisted of 36 students. The research instrument used was a creative thinking skill test sheet. Analysis of the data used was descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. From the results of the study, it was found that students’ creative thinking skills in class XI MIPA.3 UPT SMA Negeri 1 Parepare before the applied online PjBL model was less creative category with a percentage of 40.42% and after learning it was very creative category with a percentage of 90.28%. The application of the online PjBL model has a significant effect (sig. 0.000 < α 0.05) on students’ creative thinking skills in class XI MIPA.3 UPT SMAN 1 Parepare.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 654,
"width": 291,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords : creative thinking skills, project based learning (PjBL) model",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 278,
"top": 677,
"width": 235,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "©Didaktika Biologi: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Biologi p-ISSN 2549-5267 e-ISSN 2579-7352",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 59,
"width": 11,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "22",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 249,
"top": 59,
"width": 261,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amri & Hariani Muhajir / Keterampilan Berpikir Kreatif ......",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 796,
"width": 307,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tersedia online di http://jurnal.um-palembang.ac.id/index.php/dikbio",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 313,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendahuluan Pendidikan abad 21 memiliki relevansi dengan tujuan pendidikan di Indonesia yang menyatakan bahwa pergeseran paradigma dari belajar yang berpusat kepada peserta didik serta peserta didik yang dibekali dengan keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi atau Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) (Zohar, 2004). Perkembangan kurikulum dari masa ke masa diharapkan mampu menghadapi tantangan yang dihadapi bangsa indonesia dalam rangka membentuk generasi yang produktif, inovasi, aktif dan kreatif maka dibutuhkan berpikir tingkat tinggi (Ahmad, 2014). Keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi ( Higher Order Thinking Skill) merupakan sebuah tingkat pemikiran yang tidak hanya menghafal melainkan juga menemukan ide- ide baru yang dapat mengeksplorasi pengalaman yang reflektif dan kreatif, sehingga dapat mengembangkan keterampilan untuk berpikir kreatif (Ardiana & Sudarmin, 2015). Pembelajaran biologi abad 21,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 404,
"width": 202,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "merujuk kepada C4 yakni: 1) Creative Thinking, artinya pembelajaran merupakan kondisi dimana peserta didik berkreasi sedang pendidik berfungsi sebagai fasilitator; 2) Critical Thinking, artinya pembelajaran merupakan proses yang membuat peserta didik dapat berpikir kritis dengan menghubungkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 492,
"width": 201,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "masalah kontekstual dan hal-hal yang terjadi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari; 3) Communicative , artinya pembelajaran oleh pendidik dan peserta didik menjalin komunikasi multi arah, pendidik memberikan kesempatan bagi peserta didik mengemukakan pendapat melalui komunikasi dan pengalamannya; 4) Collaborative, artinya pembelajaran merupakan proses menciptakan keadaan di mana peserta didik dapat belajar bersama atau dalam kelompok (Zulhiyah, 2013).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 644,
"width": 201,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berpikir tingkat tinggi merupakan berpikir C4, yaitu dengan menganalisis, mengevaluasi serta kreatif, salah satu komponen dalam berpikir tingkat tinggi adalah berpikir kreatif (Budiarti & Agustina, 2017). Pemikiran kreatif diperlukan dalam kemajuan pendidikan di abad ke-21. Berpikir kreatif merupakan cara untuk menghasilkan gagasan kreatif, proses",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 758,
"width": 201,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pemecahan masalah oleh karena itu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pemikiran kreatif merupakan pemikiran tingkat tinggi (Agustina & Noor, 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 113,
"width": 201,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berpikir kreatif adalah suatu kemampuan yang dimiliki setiap peserta didik dalam memahami permasalahan dan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 151,
"width": 201,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menyelesaikan permasalah dari sisi yang berbeda (Diyanah & Firdausi, 2018). Berpikir kreatif merupakan keterampilan untuk menciptakan ide-ide baru berdasarkan pengetahuan yang dimiliki dalam",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 214,
"width": 201,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menyelesaikan masalah dengan cara yang berbeda (Rahmazatullaili, Zubainur, & Munzir, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 252,
"width": 201,
"height": 314,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) diberlakukan akibat meluasnya penyebaran virus covid-19, pembelajaran virtual atau dalam jaringan (daring)/ online dilakukan saat Mendikbud memberikan instruksi pembelajaran tahun akademik 2020/2021 dalam penanggulangan pandemi covid-19 (Marbun, 2020). Pembelajaran daring merupakan pembelajaran yang menggunakan jaringan internet dengan aksesibilitas, konektivitas, fleksibilitas, dan keterampilan untuk memunculkan berbagai jenis interaksi pembelajaran (Sadikin & Hamidah, 2020). Riyanda, Herlina, & Wicaksono, (2020) menjelaskan bahwa beberapa hal yang dapat dilakukan selama pembelajaran Daring adalah saling berkomunikasi dan berdiskusi secara online . Pada tingkat implementasi pembelajaran online membutuhkan perangkat-perangkat elektronik seperti handphone , laptop (notebook), komputer, tablet dan iPhone yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran untuk mengakses informasi kapan dan di mana saja (Gikas & Grant, 2013).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 568,
"width": 201,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Salah satu model pembelajaran yang cocok dalam pembelajaran daring adalah model pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL) yang dapat disesuaikan dengan kondisi pandemi covid-19 dimana peserta didik dapat belajar dari rumah melalui platform WhatsApp . Peserta didik dapat menemukan keterampilan untuk merencanakan, bernegosiasi, mengatur dan mencapai konsensus tentang isu-isu tugas yang akan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 398,
"top": 695,
"width": 115,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dilakukan, kemudian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 707,
"width": 201,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mengomunikasikan secara ilmiah melalui penerapan pembelajaran berbasis proyek. Model pembelajaran berbasis proyek terdiri dari",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 745,
"width": 201,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "prinsip-prinsip pembelajaran konstruktivis yang dapat mempromosikan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 59,
"width": 337,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Didaktika Biologi: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Biologi (2022), 6 (1), 21-29",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 59,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "23",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 796,
"width": 305,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tersedia online di http://jurnal.um-palembang.ac.id/index.php/dikbio",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 202,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "nilai-nilai yang perlu dibangun menjadi soft skill, seperti kreativitas, inovasi, kerja tim dalam pemecahan masalah, serta keterampilan berkomunikasi dalam presentasi (Rais, 2010). Proses pembelajaran dengan proyek merupakan pembelajaran yang inovatif, kreatif dan menyenangkan yang menjadi alternatif pembelajaran abad ke-21 (Riza, Kartono, & Susilaningsiha, 2020).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 214,
"width": 207,
"height": 263,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil pengamatan langsung peneliti dan wawancara dengan pendidik di kelas XI MIPA.3 UPT SMAN 1 Parepare didapatkan bahwa keterampilan berpikir kreatif peserta didik masih kurang maksimal. Dalam kegiatan pembelajaran pendidik hanya memberikan tugas resume atau merangkum materi pelajaran kepada peserta didik, sehingga keterampilan berpikir kreatif peserta didik tidak terasah yang dapat dilihat dari keterampilan peserta didik dalam mengirimkan ide/jawaban alternatif, pertanyaan yang tidak bervariasi, tidak mampu mendefinisikan menurut pengetahuan yang telah didapatkan, cenderung mengikuti definisi yang telah ada, tidak mampu mengembangkan suatu gagasan. Hasil belajar peserta didik kelas XI MIPA.3 menunjukkan rata-rata sebesar 68 dan belum memenuhi Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimum (KKM) yang ditetapkan, yaitu 78.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 480,
"width": 202,
"height": 288,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Upaya untuk memaksimalkan berpikir kreatif peserta didik yang termasuk dalam keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi ( higher order thinking skill ) peserta didik, hal ini dilakukan dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran yang tepat. Grant (2002) berpendapat bahwa model pembelajaran yang tepat untuk mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir kreatif adalah model pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL). Noviyana (2017) mengatakan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek mempengaruhi keterampilan berpikir kreatif peserta didik. Keuntungan dari model pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL) adalah meningkatkan motivasi, meningkatkan kolaborasi, meningkatkan keterampilan pemecahan masalah dan meningkatkan keterampilan dalam permainan (Sumarni, 2012). Project Based Learning (PjBL) merupakan pendekatan yang membenturkan peserta didik dengan masalah praktis melalui",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 212,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kegiatan pembelajaran. Peran pendidik memberikan stimulus kepada peserta didik sehingga dapat belajar secara mandiri dalam menemukan pemahaman mereka sendiri serta mengembangkan kreativitas mereka (Lindawati, Fatmariyanti, & Maftukhin, 2017) Menurut Oktavianto, Sumarmi, & Handoyo (2017), PjBL merupakan model pembelajaran yang mampu meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir spasial karena; 1) peserta didik ditantang untuk memecahkan masalah; 2) peserta didik aktif dalam belajar; 3) aktivitas peserta didik selama pelaksanaan aktif; 4) peserta didik memiliki kebijaksanaan menyelesaikan proyek; 5) peserta didik bersaing untuk menghasilkan proyek terbaik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 303,
"width": 203,
"height": 465,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Model Project Based Learning (PjBL) merupakan model yang menghadapkan peserta didik pada pembelajaran yang relevan, yang secara positif mempengaruhi pengembangan berpikir kreatif peserta didik, memungkinkan peserta didik untuk secara aktif mengeksplorasi pengetahuan, bertanya, menemukan masalah, merancang, dan mengimplementasikan proyek (Baker, Trygg, Otto, Tudor, & Ferguson, 2011). Model pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL) merupakan model pembelajaran yang menjadikan proyek sebagai hasil proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh peserta didik dalam bentuk kelompok atau perorangan. Model pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL) berjalan melalui tahapan memberikan pertanyaan, merancang proyek, membuat jadwal, memonitor pelaksanaan pembelajaran, melakukan penilaian, dan evaluasi. Pembelajaran berbasis proyek dirancang untuk digunakan pada masalah kompleks yang diperlukan peserta didik dalam melakukan investigasi dan memahaminya. Pengembangan keterampilan berpikir kreatif dalam pembelajaran biologi untuk memecahkan masalah, mengembangkan gagasan atau ide-ide baru, dan dapat mengambil sebuah keputusan dalam kondisi yang berkaitan dalam pembelajaran biologi dalam mengembangkan proses berpikir kreatif (Sarwinda, 2013). Indikator keterampilan berpikir kreatif peserta didik dapat dilihat dari aspek fluency (kelancaran), flexibility (keluwesan), originality (keaslian)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 59,
"width": 11,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "24",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 249,
"top": 59,
"width": 261,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amri & Hariani Muhajir / Keterampilan Berpikir Kreatif ......",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 796,
"width": 307,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tersedia online di http://jurnal.um-palembang.ac.id/index.php/dikbio",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 288,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dan elaboration (merinci) serta metaphorical thinking (berpikir metafora). Berpikir kreatif dalam sains bertujuan untuk membantu kreativitas dengan menggabungkan objek dan ide dalam berbagai cara yang baru, serta dapat menyelesaikan masalah atau menghasilkan ide yang tidak biasa (Yuliani, Dharmono, Naparin, & Zaini, 2018). Dalam proses pembelajaran saat ini, peserta didik lebih banyak menggunakan handphone sehingga dalam penyelesaian soal peserta didik hanya memindahkan jawaban dari internet. Hal ini berpengaruh terhadap keterampilan peserta didik dalam kreativitas dan keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi dalam pemecahan masalah (Agustina & Noor, 2016). Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan model pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL) secara daring terhadap keterampilan berpikir kreatif peserta didik kelas XI MIPA.3 UPT SMA Negeri 1 Parepare.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 391,
"width": 91,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 404,
"width": 201,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 416,
"width": 201,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pra-eksperiment. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah one group pretest-posttest design. Penelitian ini",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 454,
"width": 201,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dilaksanakan semester ganjil tahun akademik 2021/2022 dan bertempat di UPT SMA Negeri 1 Parepare Kota Parepare Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Populasi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 505,
"width": 201,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas XI yang terdiri atas 216 peserta didik dengan sampel penelitian kelas XI MIPA.3 dengan jumlah peserta didik 36 orang. Prosedur dalam penelitian ini meliputi: 1) tahap pendahuluan, 2) tahap perencanaan, 3)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 581,
"width": 202,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "tahap pelaksanaan melalui kegiatan pembelajaran: a. penentuan pertanyaan mendasar (start with essential question, b. menyusun perencanaan proyek (design project) c. menyusun jadwal (create schedule ), d. memantau peserta didik dan kemajuan proyek (monitoring the students and progress of project ) e. Penilaian hasil (assess the outcome), f. Evaluasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 695,
"width": 201,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengalaman (evaluation the experience) , 4) tahap pengumpulan data, 5). Tahap analisis data, 5) tahap kesimpulan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 733,
"width": 201,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar tes keterampilan berpikir kreatif yang dibuat berdasarkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "indikator berpikir kreatif, yaitu kelancaran, keluwesan, keaslian, merinci dan berpikir metafora. Soal tes essay dengan jumlah 5 soal dapat diselesaikan oleh peserta didik secara online melalui aplikasi google form . Peserta didik dapat langsung menjawab melalui link untuk tes awal, yaitu http://bit.ly/MIPA3pretest01 dan link untuk tes akhir, yaitu http://bit.ly/posttestselmipa3 , peserta didik mengirimkan jawaban sesuai waktu yang ditentukan. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian keterampilan berpikir kreatif ini adalah materi pokok bahasan sel.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 265,
"width": 201,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial. Analisis statistik deskriptif digunakan dalam menghitung nilai rata-rata pretest dan posttest peserta didik, sedangkan analisis statistik inferensial untuk uji hipotesis menggunakan uji-t berpasangan ( paired sample t-test ). Namun, sebelumnya dilakukan uji prasyarat yang meliputi pengujian normalitas dan homogenitas. Hasil pengujian normalitas dengan menggunakan kolmogorov-smirnov normality test diperoleh nilai sig. 0,117 > α",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 429,
"width": 201,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "0,05, sehingga disimpulkan bahwa data berdistribusi normal. Selanjutnya hasil pengujian homogenitas data pretest dan posttest dengan menggunakan uji levene statistic diperoleh nilai sig. 0,313 > α 0,05, disimpulkan bahwa data pretest dan posttest dinyatakan bervariansi homogen (kelas yang sama), sehingga pengujian homogenitas terpenuhi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 556,
"width": 110,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 568,
"width": 201,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil proyek yang dihasilkan dari penerapan model pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL) dapat dilihat pada Gambar 1. Gambar 1 menunjukkan hasil proyek dari penerapan model pembelajaran PjBL, yaitu alat peraga sel yang terbuat dari sterofom dan bahan lainnya sebagai pendukung. Alat peraga yang telah dibuat oleh peserta didik dipresentasikan melalui video tentang penjelasan mengenai sel, mengenai unsur kimiawi penyusun sel, struktur dan fungsi sel dan bioproses yang terjadi di dalam sel.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 59,
"width": 337,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Didaktika Biologi: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Biologi (2022), 6 (1), 21-29",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 59,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "25",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 796,
"width": 305,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tersedia online di http://jurnal.um-palembang.ac.id/index.php/dikbio",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 236,
"width": 113,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1. Alat Peraga Sel",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 260,
"width": 201,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data hasil pretest keterampilan berpikir kreatif peserta didik sebelum penerapan model pembelajaran PjBL secara keseluruhan dalam bentuk pengkategorian, diperoleh distribusi frekuensi dan persentase pada Tabel 1. Sedangkan data hasil posttest keterampilan berpikir kreatif peserta didik ditampilkan dalam Tabel 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 364,
"width": 189,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Kriteria Pengkategorian Kemampuan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 376,
"width": 184,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berpikir Kreatif Sebelum Penerapan Model Pembelajaran PjBL secara Daring Skor Kategori Freku- ensi % 81–100 61–80 41– 60 21– 40 0– 20 Sangat kreatif Kreatif Cukup kreatif Kurang kreatif Tidak kreatif 0 0 17 18 1 0 0 47,22 50 2,78",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 492,
"width": 189,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Sumber: Adaptasi dari Arini & Asmila, 2017)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 515,
"width": 190,
"height": 125,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2. Kriteria Pengkategorian Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Sesudah Penerapan Model Pembelajaran PjBL secara Daring Skor Kategori Freku- ensi % 81–100 61–80 41–60 21–40 0–20 Sangat kreatif Kreatif Cukup kreatif Kurang kreatif Tidak kreatif 33 3 0 0 0 91,67 8,33 0 0 0",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 643,
"width": 189,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Sumber: Adaptasi dari Arini & Asmila, 2017)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 668,
"width": 201,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1 untuk tes awal ( pretest) menunjukkan terdapat 1 peserta didik berada pada kategori tidak kreatif dengan persentase 2,78%, terdapat 18 peserta didik berada pada kategori kurang kreatif dengan persentase 50%, terdapat 17 peserta didik berada pada kategori cukup kreatif dengan persentase 47,22%, tidak terdapat peserta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "didik pada kategori kreatif dan sangat kreatif. Tabel 2 menunjukkan bahwa sesudah penerapan perlakuan model pembelajaran PjBL secara daring sebanyak 33 peserta didik dengan persentase 91,67% berada pada kategori sangat kreatif, sedangkan 3 peserta didik lainnya mendapatkan nilai dalam kategori kreatif dengan persentase 8,33%, tidak terdapat peserta didik pada kategori cukup kreatif, kurang kreatif, dan tidak kreatif.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 227,
"width": 201,
"height": 263,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 1 dan 2, hasil tes keterampilan berpikir kreatif peserta didik sebelum perlakuan ( pretest ) dan sesudah perlakuan ( posttest ) pada materi pokok bahasan sel melalui model pembelajaran PjBL secara daring didapatkan perbandingan skor rata-rata yang dapat dilihat pada Gambar 2. Gambar 2 menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kreatif pada materi pokok bahasan sel melalui penerapan model pembelajaran PjBL secara daring, pada prettest rata-rata skor keterampilan berpikir kreatif peserta didik adalah 40,42 atau berada pada kategori kurang kreatif, sedangkan pada posttest rata- rata skor keterampilan berpikir kreatif adalah 90,28 yang ada pada kategori sangat kreatif. Data skor rata-rata pada Gambar 2 memperlihatkan peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kreatif peserta didik dengan nilai selisih 49,58.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 608,
"width": 178,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2. Perbandingan skor rata-rata keterampilan berpikir kreatif sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 654,
"width": 201,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian yang telah dirumuskan, dilakukan analisis statistik inferensial dengan menggunakan dengan uji- t berpasangan (paired sample t-test) dengan bantuan aplikasi SPSS for windows 25.0 . Hasil uji-t berpasangan diperoleh nilai sig. 0,00 < α 0,05, dapat disimpulkan bahwa H 0 ditolak dan H 1 diterima. Artinya, penerapan model pembelajaran PjBL secara daring",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 59,
"width": 11,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "26",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 249,
"top": 59,
"width": 261,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amri & Hariani Muhajir / Keterampilan Berpikir Kreatif ......",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 796,
"width": 307,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tersedia online di http://jurnal.um-palembang.ac.id/index.php/dikbio",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keterampilan berpikir kreatif peserta didik kelas XI MIPA.3 UPT SMA Negeri 1",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 125,
"width": 44,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Parepare.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 138,
"width": 201,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keterampilan berpikir kreatif peserta didik sebelum dan sesudah penerapan model pembelajaran PjBL secara daring yang meliputi lima indikator berpikir kreatif dapat dilihat perbandingannya pada Gambar 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 312,
"width": 182,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 3. Perbandingan skor tiap indikator berpikir kreatif peserta didik",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 347,
"width": 201,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 3 menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan persentase nilai pada setiap indikator berpikir kreatif sebelum dan sesudah penerapan model pembelajaran PjBL secara daring peserta didik kelas XI MIPA.3 UPT SMAN 1 Parepare. Peningkatan masing-masing indikator berpikir kreatif dijelaskan sebagai berikut. a. Indikator Kelancaran ( Fluency )",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 461,
"width": 188,
"height": 301,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil pretest menunjukkan bahwa peserta didik menjawab soal dengan kategori kelancaran mendapatkan nilai rata-rata 54,86 berada pada kategori cukup kreatif sedangkan pada posttest menunjukkan nilai rata-rata 93,75 berada pada kategori sangat kreatif, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa peserta didik mampu menuliskan banyak ide- ide/jawaban pada masalah yang disajikan dalam soal tes. Indikator kelancaran didukung pada tahap pembelajaran pertama yaitu start with essential question (penentuan pertanyaan mendasar) dimana dalam tahap ini, peserta didik menjawab pertanyaan dan mengemukakan berbagai jawaban/gagasan yang menarik sejalan dengan indikator keterampilan berpikir kreatif aspek kelancaran (fluency) (Treffinger, Young, Selby, & Shepardson, 2002). Sejalan dengan karakteristik model pembelajaran PjBL peserta didik diarahkan untuk",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menginvestigasi ide atau pertanyaan sehingga mampu mengembangkan aspek kelancaran ( fluency) peserta didik (Sani, 2014) . b. Indikator Keluwesan ( Flexibility)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 151,
"width": 201,
"height": 339,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perolehan nilai rata-rata peserta didik pada pretest yaitu 19,44 yang berada pada kategori tidak kreatif, sedangkan pada posttest menunjukkan nilai rata-rata 79,86 atau berada pada kategori kreatif sehingga peserta didik mampu mengemukakan jawaban/ gagasan, memberikan pertanyaan yang bervariasi dari berbagai sudut pandang berbeda. Pada tahap pembelajaran yang kedua, yaitu design project (menyusun perencanaan proyek), ide kreatif peserta didik dituntut untuk merancang model proyek yang akan dilakukan sehingga model Pembelajaran PjBL mampu meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kreatif sejalan dengan pendapat Rusman (2017) yang menyatakan kelebihan model pembelajaran PjBL adalah meningkatkan keterampilan pemecahan masalah, mengolah sumber, dan menunjukkan pengetahuan yang dimilikinya sehingga model pembelajaran PjBL mampu mengembangkan berpikir kreatif peserta didik pada aspek keluwesan. c. Indikator Keaslian ( Originality )",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 492,
"width": 187,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil pretest indikator keaslian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata nilai peserta didik, yaitu 51,38 berada pada kategori cukup kreatif, sedangkan hasil posttest rata-rata nilai peserta didik adalah 95,14 yang masuk dalam kategori sangat kreatif sehingga peserta didik mampu memberikan jawaban sesuai dengan pemahaman masing-masing.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 606,
"width": 189,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada tahapan ketiga model pembelajaran PjBL peserta didik secara mandiri menyusun jadwal berdasarkan proyek yang dikerjakan. Sejalan dengan Oktavianto, Sumarmi, & Handoyo (2017) yang mengungkapkan bahwa melalui model pembelajaran PjBL mampu meningkatkan keterampilan peserta didik dalam menyelesaikan masalah. Peserta didik melalui tahapan pembelajaran melakukan investigasi konstruktif sehingga mampu membangun",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 59,
"width": 337,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Didaktika Biologi: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Biologi (2022), 6 (1), 21-29",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 59,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "27",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 796,
"width": 305,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tersedia online di http://jurnal.um-palembang.ac.id/index.php/dikbio",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 202,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pengetahuan sendiri berdasarkan pengalaman belajar (Sani, 2014). d. Indikator Merinci ( Elaboration ) Perolehan nilai rata-rata peserta didik pada pretest yaitu 36,11 atau berada pada kategori kurang kreatif untuk indikator merinci, sedangkan pada",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 176,
"width": 187,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "posttest 94,44 atau berada pada kategori sangat kreatif sehingga peserta didik mampu memperkaya dan mengembangkan suatu gagasan. Sejalan yang dilakukan peneliti peserta didik pada tahapan pembelajaran ketiga dan keempat, yaitu create schedule (menyusun jadwal) dan monitoring the students and progress of project",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 290,
"width": 204,
"height": 288,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(memantau peserta didik dan kemajuan proyek), peserta didik diminta untuk membuat sendiri jadwal dan kemudian aktif mencari informasi dari pendidik maupun sumber lainnya yang sejalan dengan indikator berpikir kreatif. Treffinger, Young, Selby, & Shepardson (2002) mengemukakan bahwa indikator keterampilan merinci adalah memperkaya dan mengembangkan suatu gagasan sehingga tahapan pembelajaran model PjBL mampu mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir kreatif aspek merinci. Hal ini sejalan dengan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek ( Project Based Learning ) yang merupakan kegiatan pemberian tugas kepada semua peserta didik yang dikerjakan secara individual, peserta didik dituntut untuk mengamati, membaca dan meneliti (Aqib, 2013). e. Indikator Berpikir Metafora ( Metaphorical thinking )",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 581,
"width": 188,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil pretest menunjukkan nilai rata-rata peserta didik adalah 40,28 yang berada berada pada kategori kurang kreatif, sedangkan pada posttest 88,19 atau berada pada kategori sangat kreatif sehingga peserta didik membuat keterkaitan-keterkaitan baru antara konsep menggunakan analogi atau perbandingan. Peserta didik diberi kesempatan pada tahap akhir pembelajaran yaitu evaluation the experience (evaluasi pengalaman), peserta didik akan melakukan refleksi aktivitas terhadap proses pengerjaan proyek yang telah dilaksanakan. Hal ini",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sejalan dengan peserta didik secara mandiri menemukan pemahaman sendiri dan mengembangkan kreativitasnya secara kolaboratif (Lindawati, Fatmariyanti, & Maftukhin, 2017). Fokus pembelajaran terletak pada konsep- konsep dan prinsip-prinsip inti yang melibatkan peserta didik dalam investigasi pemecahan masalah dan kegiatan tugas-tugas bermakna yang lain, memberi kesempatan peserta didik untuk bekerja secara mandiri dan mengkonstruksi pengetahuan sendiri (Istarani, 2012). Penggunaan model pembelajaran PjBL diyakini dapat mendorong keterampilan berpikir kreatif peserta didik sejalan dengan penelitian Hikmah &",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 315,
"width": 201,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Agustin, (2018), menyatakan terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran PjBL yang signifikan terhadap keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi peserta didik. Hal tersebut terjadi karena langkah model PjBL yang memunculkan permasalahan di awal, mendesain rencana, menjadwal kegiatan proyek hingga tahap mengevaluasi pengalaman kegiatan proyek, sehingga proyek membantu peserta didik untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir awal peserta didik terhadap materi yang berdampak baik pada hasil belajar khususnya keterampilan berpikir kreatif biologi peserta didik. Muslimin (2014) menyatakan kemampuan berpikir kreatif peserta didik dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran PjBL dapat membuat peserta didik berpikir kreatif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 568,
"width": 48,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Simpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 581,
"width": 201,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Simpulan yang dapat ditarik dari hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) keterampilan berpikir kreatif peserta didik kelas XI MIPA.3 UPT SMA Negeri 1 Parepare sebelum penerapan model pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL) secara daring rata-rata berada ada kategori kurang kreatif dengan persentase 40,42%, (2) keterampilan berpikir kreatif peserta didik kelas XI sesudah penerapan model pembelajaran PjBL secara daring rata-rata berada ada kategori sangat kreatif dengan persentase 90,28%, (3) penerapan model pembelajaran PjBL secara daring berpengaruh signifikan (sig. 0,00 < α 0,05)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 59,
"width": 11,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "28",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 249,
"top": 59,
"width": 261,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amri & Hariani Muhajir / Keterampilan Berpikir Kreatif ......",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 796,
"width": 307,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tersedia online di http://jurnal.um-palembang.ac.id/index.php/dikbio",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "terhadap keterampilan berpikir kreatif peserta didik kelas XI MIPA.3 UPT SMA",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 113,
"width": 85,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Negeri 1 Parepare.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 138,
"width": 202,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ucapan Terima Kasih Terima kasih kepada para",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 163,
"width": 204,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pembimbing artikel ilmiah ini yang dengan sabar memberikan bimbingan, arahan, masukan terhadap penulis dan pihak Sekolah UPT SMAN 1 Parepare yang telah memberikan izin melakukan penelitian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 239,
"width": 77,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Daftar Pustaka",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 252,
"width": 201,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Agustina, W., & Noor, F. A. (2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 264,
"width": 202,
"height": 160,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hubungan Hasil Belajar dan Tingkat Berfikir Kreatif Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Matematika. Math Didactic: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika , 2 (3), 191–200. https://doi.org/10.33654/math.v2i3.49 Ahmad, S. (2014). Problematika Kurikulum 2013 dan Kepemimpinan Instruksional Kepala Sekolah. Jurnal Pencerahan , 8 (2), 98–108. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.13170/jp.8.2 .2158 Aqib, Z. (2013). Model-model, Media dan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 426,
"width": 173,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Strategi Pembelajaran Kontekstual",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 439,
"width": 160,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Inovatif) . Bandung: Yrama Widya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 451,
"width": 201,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ardiana, M., & Sudarmin. (2015). Penerapan Self Assesment untuk Analisis Keterampilan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi Siswa. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Kimia , 9 (1), 1459–1467. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.p hp/JIPK/article/view/4813 Arini, W., & Asmila, A. (2017). Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif pada Materi Cahaya Siswa Kelas Delapan SMP Xaverius Kota Lubuklinggau.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 588,
"width": 173,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Science and Physics Education Journal (SPEJ) , 1 (1), 23–38. https://doi.org/10.31539/spej.v1i1.41",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 625,
"width": 201,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Baker, E., Trygg, B., Otto, P., Tudor, M., & Ferguson, L. (2011). Project-Based Learning Model Relevant Learning Relevant Learning for the 21 st Century. Pacific Education Institute , December , 1–70.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 700,
"width": 202,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Budiarti, I., & Agustina, W. (2017). Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Pendidikan Matematika Realistik (PMR) Berbasis Ethnomathematics Sebagai Upaya",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mengembangkan Kreativitas Siswa. Math Didactic: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika , 3 (3), 178–187. https://doi.org/10.33654/math.v3i3.70 Diyanah, M., & Firdausi, Y. N. (2018). Meningkatkan Kemampuan Siswa pada Aspek Berpikir Kreatif Matematika melalui Pembelajaran Problem Posing. Jurnal Elektronik",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 340,
"top": 199,
"width": 171,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembelajaran Matematika , 5 (2), 163– 172.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 224,
"width": 201,
"height": 222,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/jpm/article/vie w/26046 Gikas, J., & Grant, M. M. (2013). Mobile Computing Devices in Higher Education: Student Perspectives on Learning with Cellphones, Smartphones & Social Media. Internet and Higher Education , 19 (Oktober 2013), 18–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2013. 06.002 Grant, M. M. (2002). Getting a Grip on Project-based Learning: Theory, Cases and Recommendations. Meridian: A Middle School Computer Technologies Journal , 5 (1). retrieved from http://www.ncsu.edu/meridian/win200",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 449,
"width": 204,
"height": 221,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2/514/3.html%0AContact Meridian Hikmah, L. N., & Agustin, R. D. (2018). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Project Based Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa. Prismatika , 1 (1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.33503/prismatika.v1 i1.291 Istarani. (2012). 58 Model Pembelajaran Inovatitif . Medan: Media Persada. Lindawati, Fatmariyanti, S. D., & Maftukhin, A. (2017). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Project Based Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Kreativitas Siswa MAN I Kebumen. RADIASI; Jurnal Berkala Pendidikan Fisika , 3 (1), 42–45. https://doi.org/10.2991/seadric-",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 340,
"top": 673,
"width": 50,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "17.2017.81",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 685,
"width": 201,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Marbun, P. (2020). Disain Pembelajaran Online pada Era dan Pasca Covid-19. CSRID (Computer Science Research and Its Development Journal) , 12 (2),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 340,
"top": 735,
"width": 44,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "129–142.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 340,
"top": 747,
"width": 167,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.22303/csrid.12.2.20 20.129-142",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 59,
"width": 337,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Didaktika Biologi: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Biologi (2022), 6 (1), 21-29",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 59,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "29",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 796,
"width": 305,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tersedia online di http://jurnal.um-palembang.ac.id/index.php/dikbio",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muslimin, D. (2014). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Project Based Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematik Siswa di MTs. Skripsi, tidak diterbitkan. Universitas",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 150,
"width": 201,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Isalam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/h andle/123456789/40348 Noviyana, H. (2017). Pengaruh Model Project Based Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematika Siswa. E-DuMath: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika , 3 (1), 110– 117.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 274,
"width": 159,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.52657/je.v3i2.455",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 287,
"width": 201,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Oktavianto, D. A., Sumarmi, & Handoyo, B.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 299,
"width": 173,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(2017). The Effect of Project-Based Learning Assisted Google Earth To Spatial Thinking Skills. Jurnal Teknodik , 21 (1), 59–69. https://jurnalteknodik.kemdikbud.go.i d/index.php/jurnalteknodik/article/vie w/227",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 386,
"width": 201,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rahmazatullaili, Zubainur, C. M., & Munzir,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 399,
"width": 174,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "S. (2017). Kemampuan berpikir kreatif dan pemecahan masalah siswa melalui penerapan model project based learning. Jurnal Penelitian",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 449,
"width": 173,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembelajaran Fisika , 10 (2), 166–183.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 461,
"width": 201,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.26877/jp2f.v8i1.133 1 Rais, M. (2010). Project Based Learning: Inovasi Pembelajaran yang Berorientasi Soft Skills. Proseding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Surabaya , 1–17. https://doi.org/978-979-028- 359-9",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 586,
"width": 201,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Riyanda, A. R., Herlina, K., & Wicaksono,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 598,
"width": 202,
"height": 172,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B. A. (2020). Evaluasi Implementasi Sistem Pembelajaran Daring Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Lampung. Jurnal IKRA- ITH Humaniora , 4 (1), 66–71. https://journals.upi- yai.ac.id/index.php/ikraith- humaniora/article/view/669 Riza, M., Kartono, & Susilaningsiha, E. (2020). Kajian Project Based Learning (PjBL) pada Kondisi Sebelum dan pada saat Pandemi Covid-19 Berlangsung. Seminar Nasional Pascasarjana 2020 , 3 (1),",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 84,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "236–241. https://proceeding.unnes.ac.id/index.p hp/snpasca/article/view/617 Rusman. (2017). Belajar dan Pembelajaran Berorientasi Standar Proses Pendidikan (Cetakan 1). Jakarta: Kencana.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 175,
"width": 201,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sadikin, A., & Hamidah, A. (2020). Online Learning in the Middle of the Covid- 19 Pandemic. BIODIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi , 6 (2), 214–224.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 340,
"top": 224,
"width": 165,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.22437/bio.v6i2.975",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 340,
"top": 237,
"width": 6,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 249,
"width": 201,
"height": 172,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sani, R. A. (2014). Pembelajaran Saintifik untuk Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 . Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. Sarwinda, W. (2013). Pemberdayaan Keterampilan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa Melalui Strategi Reciprocal Teaching pada Pembelajaran Biologi SMA. Proceeding Biology Education Conference , 10 (2), 1–5. https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/prosbi/article/v iew/6562 Sumarni. (2012). Model-model Pembelajaran Geografi (Cetakan 1). Malang: Aditya Media.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 424,
"width": 201,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Treffinger, D. J., Young, G. C., Selby, E. C.,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 340,
"top": 436,
"width": 172,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "& Shepardson, C. (2002). Assessing",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 449,
"width": 204,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Creativity: A Guide for Educators . Sarasota, Florida: Center for Creative Learning. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED505548 Yuliani, A., Dharmono, Naparin, A., & Zaini, M. (2018). Creative Thinking Ability of Biology Education Student’s in Problem Solving of Plant Ecology. BIOEDUKASI: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi , 11 (1), 29–34. https://doi.org/10.20961/bioedukasi- uns.v11i1.19736",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 598,
"width": 201,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Zohar, A. (2004). Higher Order Thinking in Science Classrooms: Students’ Learning and teachers’ Professional Development (Vol. 22). Springer Science & Business Media. Zulhiyah. (2013). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Creative Problem Solving terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kreatif dan Komunikasi Peserta Didik dalam Pembelajaran IPS. Thesis, tidak diterbitkan. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.",
"type": "Table"
}
] |
e9cd905c-f358-cac9-4518-aa5010b26765 | https://jurnal.unimed.ac.id/2012/index.php/js/article/download/11636/10178 | [
{
"left": 495,
"top": 759,
"width": 16,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "| 79",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 88,
"width": 346,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA POP UP BOOK MATERI KENAMPAKAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 161,
"top": 102,
"width": 307,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PERMUKAAN BUMI UNTUK KELAS III SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI REJOSARI 03 SEMARANG",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 164,
"top": 146,
"width": 296,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Desy Ayu Nurhikhmah, Mudzanatun dan Ibnu Fatkhu Royana Prodi PGSD FIP Universitas PGRI Semarang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 248,
"top": 175,
"width": 128,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Surel: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 201,
"width": 342,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract: Pop Up Book Media Development Material Earth Surface Appearance for Class III Negerirejosari 03 Elementary School Semarang. The research method used is the Research and Development (R & D) method. Teacher responses in several schools in Watukumpul District UPP amounted to 96.25% with the criteria \"very feasible\" while the teacher response of SDN Rejosari 03 Semarang was 100% with the criteria of \"very decent\". This shows that the pop upbook media has been successful in developing media and is very feasible to use as a medium of learning in elementary schools. The final product of research and development is in the form of upbook pop media combined with evaluation of guessing images to activate students in grade III elementary school learning.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 327,
"width": 330,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Development, Media, Pop Up Book, Surface Appearance of the Earth",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 350,
"width": 343,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak: Pengembangan Media Pop Up Book Materi Kenampakan Permukaan Bumi untuk Kelas III Sekolah Dasar Negerirejosari 03 Semarang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Research and Development (R&D). Respon guru di beberapa sekolah yang ada di UPP Kecamatan Watukumpul sebesar 96,25% dengan kriteria “sangat layak” sedangkan respon guru SDN Rejosari 03 Semarang sebesar 100% dengan kriteria “sangat layak”. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa media pop upbook telah berhasil dalam pengembangan media dan sangat layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar . Produk akhir dari penelitian dan pengembangan ini berupa media pop upbook yang dikombinasikan dengan evaluasi tebak gambar untuk mengaktifkan siswa dalam pembelajaran IPA kelas III Sekolah Dasar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 488,
"width": 338,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci: Pengembangan, Media, Pop Up Book , Kenampakan Permukaan Bumi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 512,
"width": 88,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 526,
"width": 184,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendidikan merupakan hal yang penting bagi setiap manusia. Hal tersebut dianggap sebagai salah satu cara untuk mengembangkan potensi yang dimiliki setiap individu. Menurut Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 613,
"width": 183,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No. 20 tahun 2003 tentang Sistem",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 628,
"width": 183,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendidikan Nasional, pendidikan adalah usaha sadar dan terencana untuk mewujudkan suasana belajar dan proses pembelajaran agar pesertadidik mengembangkan potensi dirinya untuk memiliki kekuatan spiritual keagamaan, pengendalian diri,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 239,
"top": 715,
"width": 57,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kepribadian,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 730,
"width": 184,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kecerdasan, akhlak mulia, serta",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 511,
"width": 183,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "keterampilan yang diperlukan dirinya, masyarakat, bangsa dan negara.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 540,
"width": 183,
"height": 214,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Guru dituntut dapat memberikan motivasi untuk menunjang siswa dalam memahami materi pembelajaran. Maka itu, guru memiliki tugas yang tidaklah mudah seperti yang tertera dalam Undang-Undang No.14 tahun 2005 tentang Guru dan Dosen, Guru merupakan pendidik profesional dengan tugas utama mendidik, mengajar, membimbing, mengarahkan, melatih, menilai, dan mengevaluasi peserta didik pada pendidikan anak usia dini, jalur pendidikan formal, pendidikan dasar, dan pendidikan menengah. Selaras dengan tuntutan kompetensi yang harus",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 347,
"top": 39,
"width": 162,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 3 (1) Desember 2018, hlm. 79-83 p-ISSN: 2548 – 8856 | e-ISSN: 2549 - 127X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 134,
"top": 763,
"width": 334,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diterima pada: 3 Oktober 2018; Di- review pada: 9 November 2018; Disetujui pada: 30 November 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 357,
"top": 759,
"width": 154,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengembangan Media Pop … | 80",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 88,
"width": 184,
"height": 213,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dimiliki oleh guru, pengembangan media merupakan salah satu kewajiban yang diemban guru untuk mengembangkan kompetensi yang dimiliki. Seperti yang dicantumkan menurut Undang-Undang No 14 Tahun 2005 tentang pendidikan profesi menyatakan bahwa salah satu keberhasilan proses belajar di sekolah bergantung kepada kompetensi guru dalam mengajar, kompetensi tersebut meliputi kompetensi pedagogis, kompetensi profesional, kompetensi kepribadian, kompetensi sosial. Rossi dan Breidel dalam Sanjaya",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 306,
"width": 184,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(2012: 58) mengemukakan bahwa",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 318,
"width": 184,
"height": 245,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "“media pembelajaran adalah seluruh alat dan bahan yang dapat dipakai untuk tujuan pendidikan seperti radio, televisi, buku, koran, majalah dan lain sebagainya”. Hal ini diperkuat oleh Arsyad (2014: 10) “Media pembelajaran adalah segala sesuatu yang dapat digunakan untuk menyampaikan pesan atau informasi dalam proses belajar mengajar sehingga dapat merangsang perhatian dan minat siswa dalam belajar”. Maka dari itu, media sangat bermanfaat dalam meningkatkan minat belajar siswa. Semakin menarik media pembelajaran yang digunakan oleh guru akan semakin tinggi pula minat belajar siswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 568,
"width": 184,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Oleh karena itu pendidik perlu mempelajari bagaimana memilih dan menggunakan media pembelajaran yang tepat agar dapat mengefektifkan pencapaian tujuan pembelajaran dalam proses belajar mengajar.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 655,
"width": 184,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil wawancara dengan Ibu MM. Andarwati, S.Pd di kelas III SDN Rejosari 03 Semarang menunjukkan bahwa disekolah kurang tersedia media yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran. Pada umumnya karakteristik siswa kelas rendah mempunyai pola pikiran dari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 88,
"width": 184,
"height": 242,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "yang sederhana menuju yang lebih kompleks dan dari wujud kongkret ke abstrak. Berdasar karakteristik Lebih baik siswa di kelas rendah seperti kelas III menggunakan media kongkret dalam pembelajaran dalam kaitannya dengan permukaan bumi ialah dengan mengajak siswa observasi atau pengamatan objeksecara langsung seperti mengadakan karya wisata ke pegunungan, maupun pantai agar siswa juga bisa merasakan langsung apa perbedaannya. Namun semua itu terhalang dari sarana dan prasarana, seperti biaya dan jugaaktor keselamatan para siswa ketika melaksanakan karya wisata tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 335,
"width": 184,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan beberapa permasalahan diatas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa permasalahan timbul karena tidak adanya media atau sarana prasarana yang dapat digunakan guru untuk lebih mempermudah pemahaman siswa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 422,
"width": 184,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mengenai materi Permukaan Bumi pada saat pembelajaran dan membuat siswa seakan mempunyai pengalaman dapat merasakan langsung perbedaan kenampakan permukaan bumi yang satu dengan yang lainnya. Oleh sebab itu,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 509,
"width": 183,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "untuk mempermudah siswa dalam memahami materi permukaan bumi dibutuhkan media pembelajaran yang inovatif, sehingga antusias siswa dalam kegiatan pembelajaran akan bertambah dan akan memberikan gambaran yang lebih nyata melalui media pembelajaran tersebut. Salah satu media yang dapat digunakan untuk membantu meningkatkan pemahaman serta minat siswa akan IPA yaitu pop up book .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 669,
"width": 184,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media pop upbook merupakan sebuah alat peraga tiga dimensi yang dapat menstimulasi imajinasi anak serta menambah pengetahuan sehingga dapat mempermudah anak dalam mengetahui penggambaran bentuk suatu benda,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 357,
"top": 759,
"width": 154,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengembangan Media Pop … | 81",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 88,
"width": 183,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "memperkaya perbendaharaan kata serta meningkatkan pemahaman anak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 131,
"width": 54,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 146,
"width": 184,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jenis penelitian yang digunakan penelitian adalah penelitian dan pengembangan yang berorientasi pada produk (Research and Development) . Penelitian pengembangan ini menghasilkan produk berupa media Pop Up Book mata pelajaran IPA materi Kenampakan Permukaan Bumi kelas III sekolah dasar.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 277,
"width": 184,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Borg & Gall dalam Putra (2015: 84) menjelaskan bahwa “R&D dalam pendidikan adalah sebuah model pengembangan berbasis industri dimana temuan penelitian digunakan untuk merancang produk dan prosedur baru,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 364,
"width": 184,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "yang kemudian secara sistematis diuji di lapangan, dievaluasi, dan disempurnakan sampai mereka memenuhi kriteria tertentu, yaitu",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 420,
"width": 121,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "efektifitas dan berkualitas”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 88,
"width": 184,
"height": 213,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian dilakukan pada 5 sekolah dasar. 4 diantaranya adalah Sekolah Dasar yang ada di UPP Kecamatan Watukumpul dan telah dilaksanakan pada tanggal 09 juni 2018. Sementara sekolah lainnya telah dilaksanakan pada 11 juni 2018 adalah SDN Rejosari 03 Semarang. Subjek uji coba dalam pengembangan media pop up book pada mata pelajaran IPA pokok bahasan kenampakan permukaan bumi adalah 5 orang guru pada mata pelajaran ipa sebagai ahli pembelajaran di kelas III. Desain penelitian dan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 306,
"width": 183,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pengembangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model Borg & Gall yang meliputi empat prosedur penelitian dan pengembangan, yaitu: penelitian dan pengumpulan informasi awal, perencanaan, pengembangan format produk awal, uji coba awal dan revisi produk utama.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 568,
"width": 383,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar. Langkah-langkah metode Researchand Development Borg & Gall yang sudah di sederhanakan menjadi 5 langkah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 610,
"width": 184,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini dimulai dari tahap penelitian dan pengumpulan informasi awal untuk analisis permasalahan dan kebutuhan subjek yang diteliti. Tahap selanjutnya adalah tahap perencanaan dimana peneliti merencanakan produk yang akan dikembangkan berdasarkan hasil dari analisis sebelumnya. Selanjutnya peneliti melakukan pengembangan produk awal dan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 610,
"width": 183,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "validasi, setelah valid dilakukan uji coba awal. Penelitian ini diakhiri dengan revisi produk awal untuk mengevaluasi kekurangan dari media yang ditemukan saat uji coba awal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 683,
"width": 183,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data yang diambil dalam pengembangan media pembelajaran ini adalah data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Data kualitatif berupa kritik, saran, dan komentar dari para ahli terhadap media",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 178,
"top": 446,
"width": 134,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Research and Information Collecting",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 172,
"top": 458,
"width": 149,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(melakukan penelitian dan pengumpulan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 136,
"top": 450,
"width": 380,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "informasi) Planning (melakukan perencanaan) Develop Preliminary Form of Product (mengembangkan bentuk awal produk) Preliminary Field Testing (melakukan uji lapangan awal) Main Product Revision",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 518,
"width": 103,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(revisi hasil uji coba produk utama)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 357,
"top": 759,
"width": 154,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengembangan Media Pop … | 82",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 88,
"width": 184,
"height": 373,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ajar melalui pertanyaan angket terbuka sedangkan data kuantitatif dihimpun dengan angket tertutup yang disusun dengan menyediakan pilihan jawaban tentang penilaian produk. Instrumen yangdigunakan peneliti dalam pengumpulan data yaitu berupa pedoman wawancara dan angket. Instrumen tersebutdigunakan untukmengetahui kualitas media pembelajaran pop up book . Analisis data yang dilakukan pada tahap ini adalah analisis deskriptif. Instrumen berupa angket untuk uji ahli dan lapangan yang dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Persentase dimaksud untuk mengetahui status sesuatu yang dipresentase dan disajikan tetap berupa persentase. Kelayakan media pembelajaran. Pop Up Book dalam penelitian pengembangan ini menggunakan skala sebagaimana dipaparkan pada tabel dibawah ini: Tabel. Kriteria Interpretasi Kelayakan Media",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 590,
"width": 81,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 604,
"width": 184,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan media pop up book berada pada kategori sangat layak. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat darivalidasi ahli dan uji coba lapangan awal. Hasil validasi diketahui nilai keseluruhan tentang aspek penilaian yang disajikan sebesar 95%. Pencapaian hasil dalam bentuk presentase tersebut, termasuk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 88,
"width": 183,
"height": 213,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dalam kriteri “sangat layak”, sehingga pada validasi media tidak perlu divalidasi lagi dan media pop up book Kenampakan Permukaan bumi sudah dapat diujicobakan. Sedangkan untuk validasi materi melalui 2 tahap. Pada tahap 1 Hasil data yang diperoleh dari hasil validasi tahap I ahli materi menunjukkan bahwa aspek-aspek yang ada dalam pop up book materi kenampakan permukaan bumi secara keseluruhan oleh validator materi pada validasi I dinyatakan layak dengan jumlah skor yaitu skor 42 dan presentase 70% dengan kriteria “layak”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 306,
"width": 184,
"height": 184,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada validasi tahap II skor 57 dan presentase 95%. Setelah media dihitung berdasarkan aspek-aspek penilaian, kemudian hasil penilaian tersebut dihitung secara keseluruhan untuk mengetahui rata-rata presentase. Hasil rata-rata keseluruhan sebesar 82,5%. Presentase tersebut termasuk dlam kriteria “Sangat Layak”, pada validasi 1 media mendapatkan presentase 70% dengan kriteri “layak” namun ada beberapa saran atau masukan untuk melakukan revisi dari ahli materi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 495,
"width": 183,
"height": 257,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setelah revisi di lakukan, pada validasi tahap dua mendapatkan presentase kelayakan sebesar 95% sehingga pada validasi materi tahap II tidak perlu divalidasi lagi dan media pop up book Kenampakan Permukaan Bumi dapat diujicobakan. Hasil data yang diperoleh dari hasil respon guru terhadap media pop up book menunjukkan bahwa aspek-aspek yang ada dalam pop up book kenampakan permukaan dinyatakan sangat layak dengan jumlah skor rata-rata yaitu 38,8 dan presentase 97% setelah dikonversikan dalam skala 5, skor ini masuk kriteria “Sangat Layak”. Yaitu pada rentang 81%-100%. Sehingga dari hasil perhitungan tersebut dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa guru",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 470,
"width": 152,
"height": 100,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penilaian Kategori 0% - 20% Sangat Tidak Layak 21% - 40% Tidak Layak 41% - 60% Cukup Layak 61% - 80% Layak 81% - 100% Sangat Layak",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 357,
"top": 759,
"width": 154,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengembangan Media Pop … | 83",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 88,
"width": 183,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kelas III SD Negeri Rejosari 03 Semarang dan Guru Kelas III UPP Kecamatan Watukumpul memberikan respon sangat baik sehingga media dapat dinyatakan layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 190,
"width": 77,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 204,
"width": 184,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pengembangan yang telah penulis lakukan, maka didapatkan kesimpulan sebagai berikut: Media Pop Up Book Kenampakan Permukaan Bumi dikembangkan dari media pop up yang sudah ada kemudian dikemas dengan bentuk buku dan gambar kenampakan permukaan bumi agar memudahkan siswa",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 155,
"top": 335,
"width": 142,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dalam memahami materi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 349,
"width": 183,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kenampakan permukaan bumi. Media",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 364,
"width": 184,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pop Up Book Kenampakan Permukaan Bumi dinyatakan layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran pada mata",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 408,
"width": 183,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pelajaran IPA materi Kenampakan Permukaan Bumi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 437,
"width": 184,
"height": 184,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hal tersebut dapat dibuktikan dengan alasan sebagai berikut: Produk pop up book kenampakan permukaan bumi dikembangkan berdasarkan saran dari ahli media. Berdasarkan hasil validasi dengan ahli media didapat presentase yaitu 95% dengan kriteria “Sangat Layak”. Hasil validasi ahli materi didapat presentase yaitu 95% dengan kriteria “Sangat Layak”. Hasil presentase angket respon guru kelas III SDN Rejosari 03 Semarang dan 4 sekolah yang ada di Kecamatan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 626,
"width": 184,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Watukumpul terhadap media Pop Up Book Kenampakan Permukaan Bumi di SDN Rejosari 03 Semarang sebesar 97%",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 667,
"width": 145,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dengan kriteria “Sangat Layak”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 684,
"width": 155,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setelah dilakukan penelitian,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 699,
"width": 184,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "saran yang dapat penulis sampaikan yaitu: Media Pop Up Book Kenampakan Permukaan Bumi kurang memadai jika",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 88,
"width": 183,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "hanya mengguakan satu media dalam pembelajaran di kelas karena ukurannya yang kecil, sehingga penelitian selajutnya dapat diperbaiki ukurannya atau memperbanyak media jika digunakan dalam kelas besar.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 175,
"width": 184,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian dan pengembangan ini memiliki keterbatasan yaitu: Hanya dinilai oleh ahli media dan ahli materi pembelajaran dalam lingkup Universitas PGRI Semarang. Uji coba media pembelajaran hanya dilakukan kepada 5 orang guru kelas III dari 5 sekolah yang berbeda. Media pembelajaran hanya bisa digunakan pada mata pelajaran IPA dengan materi Kenampakan Permukaan Bumi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 350,
"width": 105,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR RUJUKAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 364,
"width": 183,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arsyad, Azhar. 2014. Media Pembelajaran . Jakarta: Rajawali Persada.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 422,
"width": 183,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Depdiknas. 2005 . Undang-Undang No. 14 tahun 2005 tentang Guru dan Dosen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 480,
"width": 183,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Maulina, Uly. 2016. “ Pengembangan Media Pop Up “Rupengpat” Mata Pelajaran Ips Kelas V Sekolah Dasar ”. Skripsi. PGSD.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 539,
"width": 130,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Universitas PGRI Semarang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 568,
"width": 186,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Putra, Nusa. 2015. Reseacrh & development. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada. Sudjana & Rivai. 2013. Media Pengajaran . Bandung: Sinar Baru Algesindo.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 684,
"width": 183,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sugiyono. 2015. Metode Penelitian &",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 699,
"width": 155,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengembangan Research and Developmet . Bandung: Alfabeta.",
"type": "Table"
}
] |
a77f9df3-2299-e2c4-3a6d-45716b0141d0 | https://journal.ipm2kpe.or.id/index.php/JOMB/article/download/3753/2316 | [
{
"left": 85,
"top": 12,
"width": 227,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) Volume 4, Nomor 1, Januari-Juni 2022 p-ISSN: 2656-8918 e-ISSN: 2684-8317 DOI : 10.31539/jomb.v4i1.3753 DOI:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 781,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "324",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 88,
"width": 406,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "CSR TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN DENGAN KINERJA KEUANGAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 155,
"top": 127,
"width": 286,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fanesa Rena Revaliana 1 , Gideon Setyo Budiwitjaksono 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 140,
"width": 284,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur 1,2 [email protected] 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 269,
"top": 185,
"width": 61,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 198,
"width": 429,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menguji pengaruh CSR terhadap Nilai Perusahaan dengan kinerja keuangan sebagai variabel intervening pada perusahaan manufaktur sub sektor food and beverage yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2018-2020. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu PLS ( Partial Least Sqare). Teknik yang digunakan untuk menentukan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik purposive sampling dan diperoleh 48 sampel dalam 3 tahun penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, variabel CSR dan kinerja keuangan berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan hasil p values 0,007 < 0,05 dan 0,000 < 0,05. Kinerja keuangan sebagai variabel mediasi pun memiliki pengaruh dalam memediasi CSR dan nilai perusahaan dengan nilai p values sebesar 0,021 < 0,05. Namun, hasil yang ditunjukkan oleh p values sebesar 0,707 > 0,05 yaitu CSR tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan. Simpulan,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 378,
"width": 367,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci: CSR, Food and beverage , Kinerja keuangan, Nilai perusahaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 266,
"top": 405,
"width": 64,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 419,
"width": 428,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This research aims to examine the the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Firm Value with financial performance as an intervening variabel in food and beverage sub sector manufacturing listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2020 period. The research method used PLS (Partial Least Square). The technique used to determine the sample in this research is purposive sampling and obtained 48 samples for 3 years research. The result showed, CSR and financial performance variables had an effect on firm value with p values of 0.007 < 0,05 and 0.000 < 0.05. Financial performance as a mediating variable also has an influence in mediating CSR and firm value with p values of 0.021 < 0.05. However, the result shown by p values of 0.707 > 0.05 showed that CSR has no effect on financial performance. Conslusion,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 571,
"width": 359,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: CSR, Food and Beverage, Firm Value, Financial Performance",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 606,
"width": 96,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 626,
"width": 428,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tujuan didirikannya perusahaan yaitu memperoleh keuntungan maksimal. Namun selain memperoleh keuntungan yang maksimal perusahaan juga memiliki tanggung jawab untuk memedulikanlingkungan sekitarnya. Tanggung jawab dalam memedulikan lingkungan sekitarnya ini sesuai dengan konsep triple bottom line yang berbunyi tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan mencakup 3 dimensi utama yaitu mencari keuntungan ( profit), memberdayakan masyarakat ( people), dan memelihara kelestarian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 188,
"top": 39,
"width": 323,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2022. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 4 (1) 324-335",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 781,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "325",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 161,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "alam ( planet) (Wibisono, 2007).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 108,
"width": 428,
"height": 198,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam mengelola perusahaan yang baik salah satu faktor pendukung yang paling penting adalah nilai perusahaan. Dengan baiknya nilai perusahaan maka akan dipandang baik oleh investor maupun calon investor sehingga investor maupun calon investor akan berlomba-lomba untuk berinvestasi di perusahaan tersebut guna mendapatkan ( return) yang diharapkan. Nilai perusahaan yang baik bagi perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia akan menjadi sorotan bagi investor maupun calon investor. Investor maupun calon investor lebih tertarikkepada perusahaan yang memiliki nilai yang baik dikarenakan investor maupun calon investor akan mendapatkan kesejahteraan yang akan diterima dari perusahaan tersebut. Terdapat suatu realitas berdasarkan grafik di bawah ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 538,
"width": 418,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1. Data Nilai Perusahaan Manufaktur Sub Sektor Food and Beverage Periode 2018-2020",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 566,
"width": 428,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan grafik diatas terdapat 16 perusahaan manufaktur sub sektor Food and Beverage yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2018-2020. Titik terendah penurunan nilai perusahaan dimiliki oleh PT Pratama Abadi Nusa Industri (PANI) dengan nilai sebesar 1,1. Namun, demikian terdapat juga beberapa perusahaan yang mengalami kenaikan nilai yaitu pada Siantar Top dimana nilai perusahaan berada di titik 3,8 pada tahun 2020 dari titik 2,2 pada tahun 2018. Selain itu, terdapat beberapa perusahaan yang memiliki nilai statis yaitu PT Buyung Poetra Sembada (HOKI) yang memiliki nilai sebesar 9,6 pada tahun2018 dan nilai sebesar 11 pada tahun 2019 & 2020. Penurunan yang paling intens terjadi pada PT Garuda food Putra Putri Jaya (GOOD) yaitu sebesar 16,8 pada",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 323,
"width": 227,
"height": 196,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 Nilai Perusahaan 2018 2019 2020",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 188,
"top": 39,
"width": 323,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2022. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 4 (1) 324-335",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 781,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "326",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 250,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "tahun 2018 dan turun menjadi 7,7 pada tahun 2020.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 108,
"width": 428,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan laman resmi dari PT Garuda food Putra Putri Jaya ditunjukkan bahwa penerapan CSR pada tahun 2018 sebanyak 2 program saja yaitu berupa pemberian seminar dan bantuan trauma terapi bagi korban gempa di Palu. Pada tahun 2019 PT Garuda food Putra PutriJaya menerapkan 16 program CSR berupa seminar, trauma terapi lanjutan, dan pemberdayaan kampung wirausaha di area Jabodetabek oleh PT Garuda food Putra Putri Jaya. Pada tahun 2020 PT Garuda food hanya menerapkan 3 program CSR diantaranya terapi trauma pada korban banjir di Banten dan pembagian alat Kesehatan berupa masker dan hand sanitizer .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 274,
"width": 428,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan fenomena diatas sebagian besar kondisi perusahaan manufaktur sub sektor Food and Beverage sedang kurang optimal dikarenakan terdapat penurunan nilai perusahaan khususnya pada tahun 2020. Nilai perusahaan yang baik akan meningkat tiap tahunnya dikarenakan tujuan perusahaan yaitu meningkatkan nilai perusahaan dan menyejahterakan para pemegang saham (Suwardika & Mustanda, 2017). Tetapi realitas yang dihadapi adalah terjadinya penurunan nilai perusahaan yang mana kurang sesuai dengan teori dimana nilai perusahaan yang baik akan meningkat tiap tahunnya. Maka dari itu, terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi adanya penurunan nilai perusahaan yaitu CSR dan kontribusi kinerja keuangan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 460,
"width": 428,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penerapan CSR penting diterapkan di dalam perusahaan dikarenakan perusahaan merupakan bagian dari masyarakat yang mana wajar apabila perusahaan memikirkan kepentingan masyarakat, perusahaan dan masyarakat seharusnya memiliki simbiosis mutualisme dimana kedua belah pihak saling menguntungkan dan penerapan CSR merupakan salah satu cara untuk menghindari konflik sosial (My, 2017). CSR diharapkan dapat membantu perusahaan dalam memperoleh pengakuan sosial dikarenakan investor cenderung tertarik pada perusahaan yang telah menerapkan CSR dibandingkan pada perusahaan yang belum menerapkan CSR.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 626,
"width": 428,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kinerja keuangan yang baik berperan dalam meningkatkan investasi dan harga saham. Kinerja keuangan yang baik akan memberikan sinyal positif terhadap investor dalam melakukan investasi (Handayani, 2019). Kinerja keuangan juga berhubungan dengan peningkatan nilai perusahaan dikarenakan kinerja keuangan yang baik akan mendatangkan banyak investor yang akan berinvestasi sehingga menyebabkan nilai perusahaan yang dicerminkan oleh harga saham meningkat (Oktayani et al., 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 188,
"top": 39,
"width": 323,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2022. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 4 (1) 324-335",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 781,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "327",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 429,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "CSR merupakan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan yang penting diterapkan didalam perusahaan untuk menunjang nilai perusahaan. Hal ini dibuktikan oleh (Santoso, 2021) bahwa CSR memiliki pengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan. Pernyataan ini tidak sesuai dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Hakim et al., (2019) bahwa CSR tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan. Penerapan CSR dalam suatu perusahaan juga memiliki pengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Korompis & Wirajaya (2019) bahwa CSR memiliki pengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan dan berbeda dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh (Rahmi et al., 2019) yang menyatakan bahwa CSR tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya inkonsistensi penelitian karena adanya kesenjangan ( gap) yang terjadi pada penelitian terdahulu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 315,
"width": 429,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan uraian serta didukung dengan beberapa jurnal di atas terlihat bahwa terdapat kesenjangan penelitian mengenai pengaruh CSR dan kinerja keuangan ke nilai perusahaan. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut maka dilakukan kajian untuk menganalisis Corporate Social Responsibility terhadap Nilai Perusahaan dengan Kinerja Keuangan sebagai variabel intervening pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sub Sektor Food and Beverage yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2018- 2020.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 461,
"width": 91,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KAJIAN TEORI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 481,
"width": 88,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teori Legitimasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 502,
"width": 428,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teori ini menerangkan bahwa perusahaan akan terus melangsungkan kegiatan operasionalnya dalam lingkup dan norma masyarakat sehingga perusahaan harus memastikan aktivitasnya diterima oleh masyarakat tempat perusahaanberada (Rahmi et al . , 2019). Teori ini sesuai dengan penerapan CSR yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan. CSR diterapkan karena perusahaan mengikuti norma dan aturan masyarakat yang berlaku serta perusahaan tidak hanya berorientasi pada laba sehingga masyarakat akan lebih tertarik padaperusahaan yang menerapkan CSR dibandingkan perusahaan yang tidak menerapkan CSR.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 688,
"width": 194,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 709,
"width": 429,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "CSR merupakan konsep yang belum memiliki definisi yang secara universal diterima oleh lembaga, namun menurut World Business Council for Sustainable",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 188,
"top": 39,
"width": 323,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2022. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 4 (1) 324-335",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 781,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "328",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 428,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Development CSR merupakan tanggung jawab dari pelaku bisnis untuk memiliki perilaku etis serta berkontribusi dalam pembangunan ekonomi bagi karyawan, masyarakat, dan komunitas lokal (Simaremare & Gao, 2018). Dalam mengukur penerapan CSR suatu perusahaan terdapat Indeks yang digunakan yaitu indeks GRI G4. GRI G4 merupakan standar pelaporan terbaru yang diterbitkanoleh GRI pada tahun 2013. GRI G4 merupakan standar pembaruan terbaru dari G3 yang membantu perusahaan dalam menyajikan informasi penting terkait isu-isu yang paling kritikal (Faiqoh & Mauludy, 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 274,
"width": 91,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nilai Perusahaan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 295,
"width": 429,
"height": 239,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nilai perusahaan merupakan keadaan tertentu suatu perusahaan yang telah diperoleh dikarenakan adanya kepercayaan dari masyarakat sejak perusahaan tersebut didirikan sampai saat ini (Denziana & Monica, 2016). Nilai perusahaan merupakan hal primer yang perlu diperhatikan bagi investor dikarenakan nilai perusahaan merupakan indikator bagi investor dalam menilai perusahaan secara keseluruhan.Total hutang seringdikaitkan dengan nilai perusahaan dikarenakan hutang dihubungkan dengan teori trade off dimana semakin tinggi perusahaan melakukan pendanaan dengan hutang maka semakin tinggi juga perusahaan akan berisiko mengalami kesulitan keuangan diakibatkan total bunga yang terlalu besar (Rahayu & Sari, 2018). Aset merupakan salah satu faktor yang juga mempengaruhi nilai perusahaan dikarenakan cara manajemen dalam mengelola aset dan mengendalikan perusahaan akan membuat nilai perusahaan meningkat (Rahayu & Sari, 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 564,
"width": 99,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kinerja Keuangan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 585,
"width": 428,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kinerja keuangan merupakan suatu parameter yang digunakan perusahaan dalam menghasilkan laba dan penjelasan kegiatan operasional perusahaan dalam satu periode (Simaremare & Gao, 2018). Kinerja keuangan dapat diukur menggunakan Return On Asset (ROA) dan Return on Equity (ROE). ROA dapat diartikan sebagai kemampuan perusahaan dalam menghasilkan laba bersih berdasarkan tingkat asset tertentu. ROE memiliki arti yaitu perbandingan antara laba bersih dan ekuitas (Hermawan et al., 2021)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 188,
"top": 39,
"width": 323,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2022. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 4 (1) 324-335",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 781,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "329",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 131,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 108,
"width": 428,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantiatif. Teknik yang digunakan dalam menentukan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling . Penelitian ini menggunakan satu variable terikat (Y), satu variabel bebas (X), dan satu variabel tidak langsung (Z). Dalam variabel bebas (X) yang digunakan adalah Corporate Social Responsibility . Variabel terikat (Y) yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Nilai Perusahaan. Sedangkan variabel tidak langsung (Z) yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Kinerja Keuangan. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Partial Least Square (PLS).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 295,
"width": 118,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 130,
"top": 315,
"width": 334,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Model Stuktural pada penelitian dapat dilihat pada gambar 1 berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 236,
"top": 492,
"width": 129,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1. Model Struktural",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 527,
"width": 408,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis Convergent Validity pada penelitian dapat dilihat pada tabel 1 berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 130,
"top": 582,
"width": 342,
"height": 106,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Hasil Perhitungan Convergent Validity Kinerja keuangan CSR Moderasi Nilai perusahaan CSR 1.000 ROA 0.955 ROE 0.961 Nilai Perusahaan 1.000 Mediasi 1.176",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 704,
"width": 429,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Convergent validity digunakan untuk menilai refleksi dari tiap indikator terhadap variabelnya. Batas nilai loading 0,50 maka cukup, 0,60 maka moderat dan diatas 0,70 maka tinggi. Diketahui pada tabel 1 hasil convergent validity untuk tiap",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 188,
"top": 39,
"width": 323,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2022. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 4 (1) 324-335",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 781,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "330",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 428,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "variabel paling tinggi sebesar 1.176 dan paling rendah 0.955. Hasil tersebut menjelaskan bahwa nilai variabel > 0,70 sehingga model konstruk yang dimiliki tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 129,
"width": 428,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis Discriminant Validity pada penelitian dapat dilihat pada tabel 2 berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 124,
"top": 182,
"width": 352,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2. Hasil Perhitungan Discriminant Validity Kinerja keuangan CSR Moderasi Nilai perusahaan Kinerja keuangan 0.958 CSR -0.065 1.000 Mediasi 0.504 -0.120 1.000 Nilai perusahaan 0.435 0.232 0.332 1.000",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 300,
"width": 429,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Outer model selanjutnya yaitu discriminant validity yang digunakan untuk membandingkan korelasi antar konstruk. Sama hal nya dengan convergent validity, nilai discriminant valditiy memiliki range nilai dimana > 0,50 termasuk rendah, > 0,60 termasuk moderat dan > 0,70 termasuk tinggi. dalam tabel 4.2 yang disajikan dapat dilihat jika hasil discriminanty validity memiliki nilai paling kecil sebesar 0,958 yang artinya > 0,70. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan jika seluruh konstruk memiliki nilai yang tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 442,
"width": 429,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis Composite Reability dan Cronbach’s Alpha pada penelitian dapat dilihat pada tabel 3 berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 282,
"top": 500,
"width": 34,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 3",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 141,
"top": 511,
"width": 317,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil Perhitungan Composite Reability dan Crinbach’s Alpha Composite Reability Cronbach’s Alpha Kinerja keuangan 0.957 0.911 CSR 1.000 1.000 Moderasi 1.000 1.000 Nilai perusahaan 1.000 1.000",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 610,
"width": 429,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Composite reability digunakan untuk mengukur reabilitas tiap variabel. Dimana jika composite reability dan cronbach’s alpha memiliki nilai > 0,70 maka model tersebut memiliki nilai konstruk yang tinggi serta reliabel. Dalam tabel 4.4 berikut, dijelaskan jika nilai keduanya memiliki nilai terendah sebesar 0,957 dan 0,911 dimana nilai tersebut > 0,70 yang artinya model konstruk dalam penelitian ini dinyatakan reliabel.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 188,
"top": 39,
"width": 323,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2022. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 4 (1) 324-335",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 781,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "331",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 428,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis Inner Model atau Goodness of Fit pada penelitian dapat dilihat pada tabel 4 berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 282,
"top": 129,
"width": 34,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 4",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 238,
"top": 140,
"width": 122,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil Perhitungan R Square",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 213,
"width": 428,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil nilai R square diketahui sebesar 0,282 atau sebesar 28%. Adapun nilai asumsi yang dimiliki adalah 0,75, 0,50 dan 0,25 yaitu kuat, moderat dan lemah. Karena nilai yang dimiliki sebesar 0,282 maka dapat disimpulkan jika variabel yang dimiliki mampu menejlaskan nilai perusahaan secara lemah.Jadi 72% lainnya dijelaskan oleh variabel lainnya diluar penelitian ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 130,
"top": 317,
"width": 368,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis Path Coefficients pada penelitian dapat dilihat pada tabel 5 berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 282,
"top": 349,
"width": 34,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 5",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 222,
"top": 360,
"width": 151,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil Perhitungan Path Coefficients",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 600,
"width": 428,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan tabel 5 di atas menunjukkan bahwa CSR terhadap nilai perusahaan memiliki nilai t-statistik 2,705 > 2,021. Selain itu, nilai p values yang dihasilkan sebesar 0,007 < 0,05.Maka CSR memiliki pengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 683,
"width": 428,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selanjutnya, pengaruh CSR terhadap Kinerja keuangan menunjukkan adalah t- statistik sebesar 0,377 lebih kecil dari 2,021. Disamping itu, nilai p values yang diperoleh sebesar 0,707 dimana lebih besar dari 0,05. Hasil 0,377 < 2,021 dan 0,707 > 0,05 menunjukkan bahwa CSR tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 163,
"width": 357,
"height": 413,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "R Square R Square Adjusted Nilai perusahaan 0.282 0.233 Original Sample (O) Sample Mean (M) Standar Deviation (STDEV) T Statistic P Values CSR → Nilai perusahaan 0.360 0.356 0.102 2.705 0.007 CSR → Kinerja keuangan -0.065 -0.064 0.173 0.377 0.707 Kinerja keuangan → Nilai perusahaan 0.278 0.272 0.103 3.532 0.000 Mediasi → Nilai perusahaan 0.156 0.149 0.067 2.318 0.021",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 188,
"top": 39,
"width": 323,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2022. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 4 (1) 324-335",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 781,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "332",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 428,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengaruh Kinerja keuangan terhadap nilai perusahaan menunjukkan hasil jika t- statistik menghasilkan nilai 3,532 yang artinya lebih besar dari 2,021 dengan nilai p values sebesar 0,000 lebih kecil dibanding 0,05. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan 3,532 > 2,021 dan 0,000 < 0,05 yang berarti kinerja keuangan berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 191,
"width": 429,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kinerja Keuangan dapat memediasi pengaruh CSR terhadap nilai perusahaan dikarenakan hasil menunjukkan nilai t-statistik sebesar 2,318 > 2,021 dengan p values sebesar 0,021 < 0,05.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 274,
"width": 88,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 295,
"width": 429,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "CSR dapat meningkatkan nilai perusahaan dikarenakan croporate social responsibility merupakan komitmen yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan untuk mengingkatkan kehidupan karyawan serta masyarakat, sehingga apabila perusahaan seringkali menjalankan kegiatan CSR maka akan semakin baik citra yang dimiliki oleh perusahaan. Ketika masyarakat dapat menerima keberadaan perusahaan dengan baik maka citra perusahaan akan meningkat dan hal tersebut sejalan dengan meningkatnya nilai perusahaan yang dimiliki. Apabila nilai perusahaan semakin baik maka akan semakin tinggi minat investor dalam menanamkan modalnya. Oleh karena itu, semkain baik perusahaan dalam menjalankan kegiatan CSR maka akan semakin baik nilai perusahaan yang dimiliki.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 502,
"width": 431,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kinerja keuangan juga dapat meningkatkan nilai perusahaan dikarenakan berdasarkan hasil uji analisis yang telah dilakukan diketahui t-statistik sebesar 3,532 > dari t-tabel sebesar 2,021 dan p values yang dimiliki sebesar 0,000 < dibandingkan 0,05. Sehingga apabila kinerja keuangan yang dihasilkan oleh perusahaan semakin baik maka akan semakin baik juga nilai perusahaan yang dimiliki. Pernyataan tersebut sesuai dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Novitasari & Krisnando (2021) yang menyatakan bahwa dimana semakin baik kinerja keuangan yang dimiliki suatu perusahaan maka akan semakin baik nilai perusahaan tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 667,
"width": 428,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kinerja keuangan juga dapat memediasi hubungan antara CSR dan nilai perusahaan dikarenakan ketika kinerja keuangan yang dimiliki perusahaan baik, maka peluang untuk perusahaan menjalankan kegiatan CSR akan semakin tinggi. Hal tersebut juga akan sejalan dengan meningkatnya nilai perusahaan yang dimiliki nantinya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 188,
"top": 39,
"width": 323,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2022. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 4 (1) 324-335",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 781,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "333",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 428,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sehingga ketika kinerja keuangan baik maka pengaruh perusahaan dalam meningkatkan pengungkapan CSR akan semakin tinggi dan nilai perusahaan nantinya akan semakin baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 150,
"width": 428,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Namun CSR dibuktikan tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan dikarenakan pengungkapan CSR merupakan upaya yang dilakukan perusahaan agar memiliki citra yang baik.Sehingga kegiatan CSR menjadi suatu keharusan bagi perusahaan agar citra yang dimiliki tetap baik dan hal tersebut tidak mempengaruhi baik buruknya kinerja keuangan yang dimiliki.Karena baik perusahaan tersebut memiliki kinerja yang baik maupun tidak, kegiatan CSR harus tetap berjalan agar citra perusahaan semakin baik dimata masyarakat serta investor. Hasil ini sejalan dengan penelitian dari Rosdwianti et al., (2016) yang menyatakan bahwa CSR tidak berpengaruh terhadap profitabilitas yang merupakan bagian dari kinerja keuangan pada perusahaan listing di Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 378,
"width": 67,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 398,
"width": 431,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan dari hasil perhitungan menggunakan smart PLS bahwa Corporate Social Responsibility dankinerja keuangan memiliki pengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan. Kinerja keuangan juga mampu memediasi hubungan antara Corporate Social Responsibility terhadap nilai perusahaan.Namun, penerapan perusahaan dalam mengungkapkan Corporate Social Responsibility tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 543,
"width": 113,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 557,
"width": 428,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Denziana, A., & Monica, W. (2016). Analisis Ukuran Perusahaan dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan yang Tergolong Lq45 di BEI Periode 2011-2014). JURNAL Akuntansi & Keuangan, 7 (2), 241- 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.36448/jak.v7i2.758",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 612,
"width": 429,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Faiqoh, S., & Mauludy, M. I. A. (2018). Penerapan Gri-G4 Sebagai Pedoman Baku Sistem Pelaporan Berkelanjutan Bagi Perusahaan Di Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Jember , 16 (2), 111–118.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 653,
"width": 198,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.19184/jauj.v16i2.7260",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 667,
"width": 428,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Handayani, R. S. (2019). Pengaruh Kinerja Lingkungan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Melalui Kinerja Keuangan (Studi pada Perusahaan Industri Dasar dan Kimia yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2016-2018). Journal of Chemical Information and",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 709,
"width": 52,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Modeling ,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 709,
"width": 393,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5 (01), 2443–2466. https://ejournal.unisi.ac.id/index.php/jam/article/view/689",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 188,
"top": 39,
"width": 323,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2022. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 4 (1) 324-335",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 781,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "334",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 429,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hermawan, S., Purwaningsih, V., & Nirwana, N. Q. S. (2021). Can the Internal Locus of Control as a Moderating Variables on the Effect of Three Intelligence on Financial Accounting Understanding?. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 173 , 162-174.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 143,
"width": 215,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://eprints.umsida.ac.id/8799/1/2021%20-",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 157,
"width": 388,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "%20Hermawan%20et%20al.%20Can_the_Internal_Locus_of_Control_as_a_Mo derating.pdf",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 184,
"width": 426,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Korompos, K. I. P. H., & Wirjaya, I. G. A. (2017). Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan pada",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 198,
"width": 428,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nilai Perusahaan dengan Good Corporate Governance Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 21 (1), 1-28, https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/Akuntansi/article/view/28303 My, M. (2017). Mengapa Perusahaan Harus Melakukan Corporate Social",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 253,
"width": 390,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Responsibility (CSR)?. https://accounting.binus.ac.id/2017/06/14/mengapa- perusahaan-harus-melakukan-corporate-social-responsibility-csr/",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 281,
"width": 428,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Novitasari, R., & Krisnando, K. (2021). Pengaruh Struktur Modal, Pertumbuhan Perusahaan, dan Firm Size terhadap Nilai Perusahaan pada Perusahaan Consumer Goods yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Periode 2017- 2020. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Manajemen (JAM), 18(2), 71-81. https://doi.org/10.36406/jam.v18i02.436",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 350,
"width": 429,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nur Hakim, L., Lestrari, S., Widiastuti, E., & Dewi, M. K. (2019). Pengaruh Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan dengan Profitabilitas Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi. Jurnal Pro Bisnis , 12 (2), 2442–4536. https://doi.org/10.35129/ajar.v3i01.104",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 405,
"width": 408,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Oktayani, D., Hakim, L., & Susilawati, S. (2021). Analisis Kinerja Keuangan dalam meningkatkan Nilai Perusahaan. Jurnal Ilmiah Komputerisasi Akuntansi,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 433,
"width": 32,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "14 (2),",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 447,
"top": 433,
"width": 46,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "359-372.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 446,
"width": 354,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://journal.stekom.ac.id/index.php/kompak/article/download/559/433",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 460,
"width": 428,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rahayu, M., & Sari, B. (2018). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Nilai Perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 474,
"width": 370,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "IKRAITH-HUMANIORA , 2 (2), 69–76. https://doi.org/10.52859/jba.v8i2.148",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 488,
"width": 429,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rahmi, Y. Y., Indrayeni, & Wijaya, R. S. (2019). Pengaruh CSR Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan dengan Kinerja Keuangan sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada Perusahaan Pertambangan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Tahun 2013-2017. Jurnal Menara Ilmu , 13 (3), 158–167. https://doi.org/10.33559/mi.v13i3.1230",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 557,
"width": 429,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rosdwianti, M. K., Dzulkirom, M. A. R., & Zahrih, Z. A. (2016). Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Terhadap Profitabilitas Perusahaan (Studi pada Sektor Industri Barang Konsumsi yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2013-2014). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis (JAB), 38(2), 16-22. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/87326-ID-pengaruh-corporate- social-responsibility.pdf",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 640,
"width": 429,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Santoso, B. T. (2021). Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility ( Csr ) , Kepemilikan Institusional , Kepemilikan Manajerial . Jurnal ARASTIRMA , 1 (2), 226–238. http://dx.doi.org/10.32493/arastirma.v1i2.12361",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 681,
"width": 432,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Simaremare, H. R., & Gao, R. L. (2018). Pengaruh Corporate Sosial Responsibility (Csr) Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Pada Perusahaan Makanan Dan Minuman Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan , 4 (2),",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 722,
"width": 283,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "157–174. http://dx.doi.org/10.32493/arastirma.v1i2.12361",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 736,
"width": 428,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suwardika, I. N. A., & Mustanda, I. K. (2017). Pengaruh Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 188,
"top": 39,
"width": 323,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2022. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 4 (1) 324-335",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 781,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "335",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 88,
"width": 393,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pertumbuhan Perusahaan, dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan pada Perusahaan Properti. NE-Jurnal Manajemen Unud , 6 (3), 1248–1277. http://dx.doi.org/10.32493/arastirma.v1i2.12361",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 129,
"width": 428,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wibisono, Y. (2007). Membedah Konsep & Aplikasi CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) . Jakarta: PT Gramedia",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
dc1ab444-dcf5-8ccc-9765-2b10b139d30d | https://ejournal.kompetif.com/index.php/diklatreview/article/download/961/776 | [
{
"left": 71,
"top": 373,
"width": 223,
"height": 273,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kemampuan membaca dan menulis merupakan kemampuan dasar akademis yang penting, ternyata cukup banyak siswa tingkat sekolah dasar di Indonesia yang belum menguasainya. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan membaca siswa sekolah di tingkat sekolah dasar saat ini memiliki kecenderungan rendah (Dewi, 2015). Hasil dari survei Programme for International Assesment tahun 2018 menjelaskan bahwa poin kemampuan membaca Indonesia menurun dari 397 pada tahun 2015 menjadi 371 pada tahun 2018 (Rafida et al., 2019). Selain itu, hasil penelitian yang dilakukan Widya dalam Ruhaena (2008) terhadap 17 sekolah dasar di wilayah Kota Yogyakarta dan Kabupaten Sleman DIY didapatkan 12% dari 170 siswa sekolah dasar kelas 1 dan 2 belum dapat membaca kalimat sederhana dengan lancar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 649,
"width": 222,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut Maryono dkk (2021) berpendapat bahwa keterampilan membaca merupakan keterampialan dasar yang wajib dimiliki oleh setiap individu. Karena",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 704,
"width": 138,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kemampuan membaca",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 237,
"top": 704,
"width": 56,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "merupakan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 718,
"width": 223,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kemampuan yang berhubungan dengan seluruh proses belajar siswa (Pratiwi and Ariawan, 2017). Kharizmi (2015) berpendapat bahwa kemampuan membaca itu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 373,
"width": 216,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "diibaratkan bus, kereta, pesawat terbang bagi setiap individu. Apabila masih ada siswa yang kesulitan dalam membaca, maka hal tersebut akan menjadi penghambat bagi siswa dalam penguasaan ilmunya (Pratiwi, 2020). Maka dari itu, siswa diharapkan memiliki bekal membaca dan menulis (Nurdiyanti and Suryanto, 2010).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 483,
"width": 216,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Begitu pun di MI Hijriyah 1 Palembang, berdasarkan hasil wawancara bersama WKM bahwa di MI Hijriyah I Palembang masih ada siswa yang kesulitan atau lambat dalam mengembangkan kemampuan membacanya. Dan bahkan masih ada siswa yang masih kesulitan dalam menghafal bentuk huruf abjad alfabet. Hal ini disebabkan karena: 1) siswanya tidak fokus belajar, hanya ingin bermain khususnya kelas satu dan dua, 2) kurangnya praktik membaca dan menulis pada siswa kelas tiga dan empat, sehingga siswa yang masih kesulitan membaca sulit untuk berkembang, dan 3) waktunya terbatas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 704,
"width": 215,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Oleh sebab itu, Kepala Madrasah menugaskan guru MI Hijriyah I Palembang yang mumpuni dalam mengembangkan kemampuan membaca siswa, untuk melaksanakan kegiatan tambahan di luar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 85,
"width": 389,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Evaluasi Program Ekstrakurikuler Baca Tulis Bahasa Indonesia",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 159,
"top": 120,
"width": 273,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KGS. M. ROIHAN ADNAN 1* ; RIZKY PANGESTIKA 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 188,
"top": 146,
"width": 218,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1 Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 167,
"top": 157,
"width": 261,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2 Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang Jln. Marsda Adisucipto Yogyakarta Telp. (0274) 558254 *E-mail : [email protected] (korespondensi)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 105,
"top": 217,
"width": 381,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstract : The problem that occurs is the low level of reading and writing skills of students at the elementary school level or equivalent in Indonesia, especially at MI Hijriyah I Palembang. The purpose of this study is to describe the history of the program and how to implement the Indonesian language literacy extracurricular program at MI Hijriyah I Palembang and to describe how to evaluate the program using a countenance stake approach. The method used is descriptive qualitative method. That is by collecting data from interviews, observations, and document studies at MI Hijriyah I Palembang. The result is that the implementation of the Indonesian language literacy program at MI Hijriyah I Palembang still does not meet the planned product and the program is continued or continued. However, in the input, process and product of the Indonesian language literacy program, it must be re-evaluated or improved.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 105,
"top": 356,
"width": 182,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords: Reading, Writing, BTBI Program",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 246,
"top": 50,
"width": 254,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Evaluasi Program Ekstrakurikuler Baca Tulis Bahasa Indonesia (KGS. M. Roihan Adnan; Rizky Pangestika)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 801,
"width": 455,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Diklat Review : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan dan Pelatihan E-ISSN : 2598-6449 P-ISSN : 2580-4111 Vol. 6, No. 3, Desember 2022",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 52,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "263",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 85,
"width": 222,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "jam pembelajaran yaitu program ekstrakurikuler baca tulis bahasa Indonesia. Melalui program ini, Kepala MI Hijriyah I Palembang berharap kepada para guru untuk dapat mendidik atau mengembangkan kemampuan membaca dan menulis siswa. Agar kedepannya juga melalui program tersebut, tidak ada lagi siswa di MI Hijriyah I Palembang yang kesulitan dalam membaca dan tidak ada lagi siswa yang kesulitan dalam menghafal hurug abjad alfabet. Sehingga tidak ada lagi kendala bagi siswa dalam mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 265,
"width": 223,
"height": 315,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Untuk mencapai tujuan program tersebut, perlu adanya evaluasi program. Evaluasi program merupakan aktivitas untuk mengetahui tingkat keberhasilan dan pencapaian tujuan suatu program yang diperikan sebagai kegiatan yang dilakukan berdasarkan perencanaan, dan aktivitas pengumpulan data yang tepat sebagai bahanbagi pembuat keputusan untuk menentukan tindak lanjut dari program yang sedang atau dilaksanakan (Mahmudi, 2011). Tujuannya ialah untuk mengetahui efektifitas implementasi hasil dari program yang dilaksanakan (Zainuri, 2021). Dengan adanya evaluasi program, maka evaluasi program itu sendiri akan hadir memberikan masukan, kajian dan pertimbangan dalam menentukan apakah program yang dilaksanakan tersebut layak untuk diteruskan atau dihentikan (Munthe, 2015). Sehingga evaluasi program menjadi salah satu kegiatan yang penting untuk dilakukan dalam mengambil keputusan pelaksanaan suatu program.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 582,
"width": 223,
"height": 191,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dalam penelitian tersebut, peneliti bertujuan untuk memaparkan sejarah program tersebut dan bagaimana pelaksanaan program ekstrakurikuler baca tulis bahasa Indonesia di MI Hijriyah I Palembang serta memaparkan cara mengevaluasi program tersebut menggunakan pendekatan countenance stake. Penelitian ini akan memberikan kontribusi bagaimana cara mengatasi siswa yang kesulitan dalam membaca dan menulis dan kesulitan siswa dalam menghafal huruf abjad alfabet melalui program ekstrakurikuler baca tulis bahasa Indonesia serta memberikan cara",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 85,
"width": 215,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "mengevaluasi suatu program melalui pendekatan countenance stake.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 127,
"width": 56,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "METODE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 141,
"width": 216,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Metode kualitatif adalah penelitian tentang riset yang bersifat deskriptif dan cenderung menggunakan analisis (Bernard et al., 2018). Objek penelitian ini ialah MI Hijriyah I Palembang. Yaitu menggali informasi dari Kepala Sekolah dan guru- guru yang mengajar di MI Hijriyah I Palembang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 279,
"width": 216,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara (data primer) dan jurnal-jurnal, buku-buku atau artikel lainnya (data sekunder) (Usman and Ratnasari, 2019). Yaitu dengan mewawancarai Kepala Sekolah dan guru-guru di MI Hijriyah I Palembang yang berjumlah 5 orang, untuk mengetahui perencaan dan hasil evaluasi program ekstrakurikuler baca tulis bahasa Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 431,
"width": 216,
"height": 245,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sedangkan analisis data yaitu menganalisis data secara deskriptif. Yaitu dengan mengukur hasil wawancara dan kuesioner terhadap evaluasi program ekstrakurikuler baca tulis bahasa Indonesia di MI Hihriyah I Palembang. Hasil wawancara akan dianalisis dengan cara mereduksi pernyataan dan jawaban yang sesuai dengan fokus penelitian. Lalu penelitian diperkuat dengan penelitian- penelitian sebelumnya baik dari jurnal maupun buku. Selanjutnya hasil wawancara, kuesioner dan teori sebelumnya di analisis dengan membuat intepretasi (M. Roihan and Ahmad Fauzi, 2021). Yaitu mengevaluasi program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia dengan menggunakan pendekatan countenance stake.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 693,
"width": 43,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "HASIL",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 707,
"width": 215,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil wawancara di MI Hijriyah I Palembang tentang mengevaluasi program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia. Adapun evaluasi program menggunakan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 246,
"top": 50,
"width": 254,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Evaluasi Program Ekstrakurikuler Baca Tulis Bahasa Indonesia (KGS. M. Roihan Adnan; Rizky Pangestika)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 801,
"width": 455,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Diklat Review : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan dan Pelatihan E-ISSN : 2598-6449 P-ISSN : 2580-4111 Vol. 6, No. 3, Desember 2022",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 52,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "264",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 85,
"width": 219,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "pendekan countenance stake sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 105,
"width": 222,
"height": 166,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 1. Hasil Temuan Lapangan Program Baca Tulis Bahasa Indonesia Aspek Temuan Lapangan Input (Antecedent) 1. Perekrutan peserta program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia dengan cara wali kelas menguji siswanya masing-masing, mana saja siswa yang masih belum bisa atau kesulitan dalam membaca dan menulis bahasa Indonesia akan dijadikan peserta program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 274,
"width": 148,
"height": 181,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Guru yang mendidik serta membimbing siswa dalam program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia merupakan wali kelas dari setiap siswa atau guru yang memiliki pengamalan dalam mendidik siswa atau anak-anak dalam mengembangkan kemampuan membaca dan menulis bahasa Indonesia. 3. Sarana yang digunakan ialah papan tulis dan buku yang disiapkan guru pengajar. Sedangkan prasarana yang digunakan ialah ruang kelas atau ruang belajar.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 458,
"width": 214,
"height": 297,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Pembiayaan. Sumber biaya didapatkan dari dana yang telah di siapkan oleh pihak madrasah. Proses (Transaction) 1. Guru produktif dalam penyiapan administrasi program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia yaitu mempersiapakan rancangan program pembelajaran berdasarkan kurikulum yang ditetapkan kemendikbud. 2. Guru produktif dalam kegiatan baca tulis bahasa Indonesia antara lain guru menguasai materi, pendekatan berbasis kompetensi serta guru menguasai keterampilan dalam menggunakan media atau metode bervariasi serta guru selalu membimbing siswa secara intens dalam praktik membaca dan menulis. 3. Interaksi dengan siswa, memberikan perhatian kepada siswa, memberikan umpan balik dan intensitas umpan balik. 4. Pengelolaan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 746,
"width": 133,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "praktik yaitu dengan praktik membaca dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 397,
"top": 86,
"width": 134,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "menulis satu persatu atau perindividu dari setiap siswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 383,
"top": 109,
"width": 148,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. Latar belakang guru yang mengajar yaitu memiliki pengalaman dalam mendidik siswa atau anak-anak dalam mengembangkan kemampuan membaca dan menulis siswa.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 317,
"top": 178,
"width": 214,
"height": 193,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6. Proses program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia yaitu dalam pelaksanaan pihak program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia memiliki target kurang lebih 6 bulan belajar. Siswa dianjurkan untuk memperbanyak praktik membaca dan menulis bahasa Indonesia, dengan arahan dan bimbingan dari guru yang mengajar. Produk (Outcomes) 1. Kemampuan baca tulis bahasa Indonesia siswa minimal meningkat kurang lebih 70%. 2. Siswa dapat menulis cerita tentang kegiatan dirinya dalam sehari.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 374,
"width": 107,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sumber: Data Olahan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 400,
"width": 216,
"height": 329,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan table 1 di atas bahwa dalam evaluasi program menggunakan pendekatan countenance stake yaitu: pertama, input: 1) perekrutan peserta yaitu masing-masing wali kelas menguji secara langsung siswanya dari siswanya yang belum bisa membaca dan menulis, 2) guru yang mendidik adalah guru yang memiliki pengalaman dalam mengembangkan kemampuan membaca dan menulis siswa, 3) sarana adalah papan tulis dan buku, sedangkan prasarana adalah ruang kelas, dan 4) pembiayaan berasal dari pihak madrasah. Kedua, proses: 1) guru menyiapkan rancangan program pembelaja- ran, 2) guru menguasai materi, 3) guru memberikan perhatian kepada siswa, 4) praktik membaca dan menulis, 5) latar belakang guru yang memiliki pengalaman, dan 6) proses pelaksanan program dilaksa- kan dalam 6 bulan. Ketiga, produk: 1) kemampuan membaca dan menulis siswa minimal 70%, dan 2) siswa dapat menulis cerita tentang kegiatan dirinya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 246,
"top": 50,
"width": 254,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Evaluasi Program Ekstrakurikuler Baca Tulis Bahasa Indonesia (KGS. M. Roihan Adnan; Rizky Pangestika)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 801,
"width": 455,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Diklat Review : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan dan Pelatihan E-ISSN : 2598-6449 P-ISSN : 2580-4111 Vol. 6, No. 3, Desember 2022",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 52,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "265",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 86,
"width": 88,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 113,
"width": 222,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sejarah Program Ekstrakurikuler Baca Tulis Bahasa Indonesia",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 141,
"width": 223,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Program ekstrakurikuler baca tulis bahasa Indonesia berjalan mulai tahun 2021, pada bulan September dibuka periode pertama pendaftaran program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia. Program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia yang digagas dan dipimpin oleh Ibu Eriana yang memiliki latar belakang sebagai guru bahasa Indonesia di MI Hijriyah 1 Palembang (Nuraini, 2021). Beliau memiliki pengalaman dalam mendidik siswa atau anak-anak yang belum bisa membaca dan menulis menjadi bisa membaca dan menulis bahasa Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 475,
"width": 173,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 1. Surat Keputusan Panitia",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 489,
"width": 187,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelaksana Program Baca Tulis Bahasa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 503,
"width": 50,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Indonesia",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 529,
"width": 223,
"height": 245,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil wawancara bersama Kepala Madrasah dan Wakil Kepala Madrasah bahwasannya program ini dibuat karena kepedulian guru terhadap siswa-siswa yang belum bisa membaca dan menulis atau siswa yang kesulitan dalam membaca dan menulis bahasa Indonesia, tidak hanya siswa kelas 1, akan tetapi juga kepada siswa kelas 2, 3, dan 4 yang masih kesulitan dalam membaca dan menulis bahasa Indonesia. Sedangkan kalau hanya berpacu kepada mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia di jam pembelajaran, masih terdapat kekurangan. Kekurangannya yaitu: 1) siswanya tidak fokus belajar, hanya ingin bermain khususnya kelas satu dan dua, 2) kurangnya praktik membaca dan menulis pada siswa kelas tiga dan empat, sehingga siswa yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 85,
"width": 215,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "masih kesulitan membaca sulit untuk berkembang, dan 3) waktunya terbatas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 113,
"width": 216,
"height": 301,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Melalui tiga permasalahan tersebut, Ibu Eriana dan guru-guru MI Hijriyah I Palembang berinisiatif untuk melaksanakan program ekstrakurikuler baca tulis bahasa Indonesia untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Dan program tersebut akan menjadi wadah bagi siswa yang masih kesulitan dalam membaca dan menulis bahasa Indonesia untuk belajar lebih fokus kepada praktik membaca dan menulis bahasa Indonesia. Sehingga melalui program ini, siswa akan lebih banyak praktik membaca dan menulis bahasa Indonesia sampai mereka benar-benar bisa membaca dan menulis bahasa Indonesia. Untuk tempat di MI Hijriyah I Palembang, waktunya setiap hari selasa sampai jum’at selepas jam pulang sekolah siswa (waktu menyesuaikan jam pulang sekolah berdasarkan tingkat kelas masing-masing) dan untuk pembiayaannya program tersebut ialah gratis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 431,
"width": 215,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelaksanaan Program Ekstrakurikuler",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 445,
"width": 151,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Baca Tulis Bahasa Indonesia",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 458,
"width": 215,
"height": 315,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil wawancara bersama Ibu ER, HO dan LE proses pelaksanaan program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia secara umum terbagi menjadi 3 yaitu proses pendaftaran, proses pembelajaran dan proses penilaian. Pada proses pendaftaran, pihak program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia membuka pendaftaran bagi seluruh siswa dari tingkat kelas 1 sampai 4 dalam waktu satu minggu. Dalam hal ini, pihak program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia sebelum membuka pendaftaran, pihak program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia mempertimbangkan terlebih dahulu berapa jumlah wali kelas yang dapat mendidik siswa dalam program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia, dan bagi wali kelas yang belum dapat mendidik siswanya dalam program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia siswanya akan diserahkan kepada Ibu Eriana. Misalnya wali kelas 3 kurang berpengalaman dalam mendidik siswa untuk belajar membaca dan menulis, maka",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 246,
"top": 50,
"width": 254,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Evaluasi Program Ekstrakurikuler Baca Tulis Bahasa Indonesia (KGS. M. Roihan Adnan; Rizky Pangestika)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 801,
"width": 455,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Diklat Review : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan dan Pelatihan E-ISSN : 2598-6449 P-ISSN : 2580-4111 Vol. 6, No. 3, Desember 2022",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 52,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "266",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 85,
"width": 222,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "siswa kelas 3 yang belum bisa membaca dan menulis bahasa Indonesia akan diserahkan kepada Ibu Eriana.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 127,
"width": 223,
"height": 232,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Teknis bagi siswa yang ingin mendaftar program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia, diawali dengan mendaftar kepada wali kelas nya masing-masing, yaitu: pertama, wali kelas menguji siswa nya masing-masing terlebih dahulu, mana saja siswa yang masih belum bisa atau kesulitan dalam membaca dan menulis bahasa Indonesia. Kedua, siswa yang masih kesulitan dalam membaca dan menulis bahasa Indonesia diarahkan untuk mengikuti program ekstrakurikuler baca tulis bahasa Indonesia selepas jam pulang sekolah. Dan ketiga, yaitu membangun komitmen siswa untuk mengikuti program tersebut sampai bisa membaca dan menulis bahasa Indonesia dengan baik dan benar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 361,
"width": 222,
"height": 205,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Setelah resmi menjadi peserta program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia, siswa akan mengikuti proses pembelajaran yang telah disiapkan oleh pihak program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia. Yang mana pelaksanaannya dilaksanakan pada setiap hari selasa sampai jum’at selepas jam pulang sekolah, yang waktunya menyesuaikan berdasarkan jam pulang siswa sesuai dengan tingkatan kelas masing-masing. Misalnya kelas 1 pulang jam 9 pagi, jadi selepas pulang sekolah siswa langsung mengikuti program tersebut sampai semua peserta kelas 1 praktik membaca dan menulis barulah selesai (jam pulang menyesuaikan).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 569,
"width": 223,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dalam praktik membaca dan menulis bahasa Indonesia disesuaikan dengan kemampuan siswa, dengan artian bahwa dalam praktik membaca dan menulis bahasa Indonesia pendidik akan melihat terlebih dahulu kesulitan-kesulitan dari setiap siswa, setelah itu barulah menggunakan cara masing-masing. Misalnya ada siswa yang sama sekali belum mengetahui huruf abjad alfabet dan ada yang belum bisa cara membacanya. Maka cara yang digunakan akan berbeda, siswa yang belum mengetahui huruf abjad alfabet diajarkan dulu untuk menghafal bentuk dari setiap huruf, sedangkan siswa yang belum bisa cara",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 85,
"width": 216,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "membacanya, maka diajarkan cara mengeja bacaan huruf tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 113,
"width": 216,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ketika mulai praktik membaca dan menulis bahasa Indonesia, guru akan membimbing, dan mendidik secara intens dari setiap individu siswa serta guru terus mengawasi proses pembelajaran atau praktik yang dilakukan siswa. Guru akan memberikan metode-metode yang mudah agar mudah dipahami oleh setiap siswa. Dan guru juga akan memberikan motivasi atau semangat kepada siswa yang kurang memiliki semangat untuk belajar membaca dan menulis bahasa Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 279,
"width": 216,
"height": 245,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kemudian setelah proses pembelajaran, berlanjut pada tahapan proses penilaian. Dalam tahapan proses penilaian, guru yang mendidik dan mengoreksi siswa dalam praktik membaca dan menulis siswa, untuk menilai sejauh mana siswa tersebut sudah dapat membaca dan menulis bahasa Indonesia. Setiap pelaksanaan program tersebut, guru yang mendidik akan terus melaporkan sejauh mana perkembangan siswa dalam belajar membaca dan menulis, jikalau di dalam proses pembelajaran terdapat kendala, maka akan adanya masukan-masukan atau memberikan solusi atau cara yang mudah dalam mendidik siswa untuk belajar membaca dan menulis program kegiatan tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 527,
"width": 216,
"height": 232,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Selain laporan dari setiap pelaksanaan program tersebut, guru juga terdapat ujian akhir yaitu menguji siswa dengan membuat tulisan atau cerita pendek tentang kegiatan yang dilakukan siswa dalam sehari. Ujian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sudah sejauh mana tingkat belajar siswa, yaitu dengan target siswa tersebut telah dapat membaca dan menulis bahasa Indonesia dengan baik dan benar. Jika siswa tersebut lulus mengikuti ujian tersebut maka siswa tersebut tidak lagi mengikuti program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia. Nilai ujian tersebut diumumkan secara langsung oleh guru kepada siswa pada saat jam pelaksanaan program tersebut dilaksanakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 246,
"top": 50,
"width": 254,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Evaluasi Program Ekstrakurikuler Baca Tulis Bahasa Indonesia (KGS. M. Roihan Adnan; Rizky Pangestika)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 801,
"width": 455,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Diklat Review : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan dan Pelatihan E-ISSN : 2598-6449 P-ISSN : 2580-4111 Vol. 6, No. 3, Desember 2022",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 52,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "267",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 86,
"width": 223,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelaksanaan Evaluasi Program Baca Tulis Bahasa Indonesia Dengan Pendekatan Countenance Stake",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 127,
"width": 223,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Wood (2001) menyatakan bahwa Stake menciptakan kerangka evaluasi membantu evaluator dalam mengumpulkan, mengatur dan menafsirkan data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Tahapan evaluasi Stake yang relevan adalah input (antecedent) , proses (transaction) , dan produk (outcomes) (Sucita et al., 2020). Keuntungan evaluasi model countenance stake adalah penilaiannya didasarkan atas kebutuhan program yang dievaluasi, sehingga dapat mendeskripsikan secara konpleks program pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan oleh guru serta memiliki potensi besar untuk memperoleh pengalaman dan teori terhadap program yang dievaluasi (Lukum, 2015).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 348,
"width": 223,
"height": 411,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil temuan lapangan pada tabel 1 di atas, keputusan peneliti dalam program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia MI Hijriyah I Palembang bahwasannya baik dari antecedent, transaction dan outcomes yaitu: Pertama, input atau antecedent. Perekrutan peserta program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia di MI Hijriyah I sudah baik. Yang mana dalam perekrutan peserta dalam program tersebut wali kelas menguji dan mengambil keputusan langsung siapa saja siswa yang harus mengikuti program tersebut. Sehingga bilamana ada siswa yang belum bisa membaca tidak mau mengikuti program tersebut, wali kelas bisa langsung mengarahkan dan mengambil tindakan langsung untuk mewajibkan siswa tersebut untuk mengikuti program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia ini. Begitu pun dengan sarana yang digunakan dalam program ini, guru seefesien mungkin memanfaatkan sarana prasarana yang ada dan pembiayaan siswa dalam program tersebut pun tidak ada atau gratis. Akan tetapi, dari segi guru yang mendidik dalam program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia, akan lebih baik dan efektif jikalau guru yang mendidik memahami metode yang tepat untuk mendidik siswa berdasarkan kriteria kesulitan siswa dalam membaca. Jadi guru yang mendidik tidak hanya memiliki",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 85,
"width": 215,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "pengalaman, akan tetapi memahami metode pembelajaran dalam program tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 113,
"width": 216,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kedua, proses atau transaction. Dari segi perencanaan dalam proses pelaksanaan program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia baik dari penyiapan administrasi, penguasaan materi, pola interaksi dengan siswa dan pengelolaan praktik itu sudah baik. Akan tetapi, kenyataan di lapangan masih belum terlaksana dengan baik. Sebagaimana hasil wawancara bersama Ibu ER dan HO, mereka menyatakan bahwa:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 249,
"width": 187,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "“Dalam proses pelaksanaan program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia masih banyak terdapat kekurangan,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 292,
"width": 187,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "misalnya dari pola interaksi. Masih banyak siswa yang tidak fokus belajar, karena mereka ingin bermain, jadi interaksi antara guru dan siswa pun masih kesulitan. Sehingga hal ini juga berpengaruh terhadap kuantitas praktik siswa dalam membaca. Sedangkan untuk penguasaan materi guru itu sudah baik.”",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 431,
"width": 216,
"height": 328,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil wawancara di atas, dapat dipahami bahwasannya dalam proses pelaksanaan program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia masih terdapat kekurangan. Salah satu kekurangannya adalah kurangnya pemahaman guru yang mengajar terhadap metode pembelajaran yang cocok dengan program tersebut. Dengan adanya guru yang benar-benar memahami metode pembelajaran yang digunakan berdasarkan usia siswa dan dari segi kesulitan siswa maka proses pelaksanaan yang dilakukan akan berjalan dengan baik. Oleh sebab itu, dari segi latar belakang guru yang mendidik, akan lebih baik dan efektif guru yang mengajar adalah guru lulusan dari jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia. Karena guru yang berasal dari lulusan Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia lebih memahami metode pembelajaran yang tepat untuk mendidik siswa berdasarkan kriteria siswa atau kriteria kesulitan siswa dalam membaca dan menulis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 246,
"top": 50,
"width": 254,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Evaluasi Program Ekstrakurikuler Baca Tulis Bahasa Indonesia (KGS. M. Roihan Adnan; Rizky Pangestika)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 801,
"width": 455,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Diklat Review : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan dan Pelatihan E-ISSN : 2598-6449 P-ISSN : 2580-4111 Vol. 6, No. 3, Desember 2022",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 52,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "268",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 85,
"width": 223,
"height": 191,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ketiga, produk atau outcomes . Dari segi target atau produk dalam program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia sudah cukup baik. Akan lebih baik, target atau produk dalam program tersebut lebih ditingkatkan lagi ke depannya. Dan dari segi produk yang ditargetkan harus lebih diperinci dari berdasarkan tingkat kelas siswa, supaya guru yang mendidik dapat mengukur keberhasilannya dalam mendidik lebih tepat dan berjalan dengan baik. Akan tetapi di lapangan berdasarkan hasil wawancara bersama WKM dan ER, mereka menyatakan bahwa:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 276,
"width": 195,
"height": 166,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "“Setelah kurang lebih 6 bulan berjalan program ini, dari produk yang ditargetkan dalam program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia masih di bawah target. Dari jumlah keseluruhan siswa yang belum bisa membaca hanya berhasil kurang lebih 40%, dari 15 siswa yang masih kesulitan dalam membaca, hasilnya hanya 6 atau 7 siswa yang kemampuan membaca nya berkembang pesat. Sisanya masih kesulitan dalam membaca.”",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 444,
"width": 223,
"height": 287,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan penjalasan pelaksanaan evaluasi program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam pelaksanan program tersebut, masih belum memenuhi target atau produk yang direncanakan. Tentunya hasil yang didapatkan tersebut, tergantung dengan proses pelaksanaan program tersebut. Dalam proses pelaksanaan harus diperbaiki dan dievaluasi kembali, apa saja yang menjadi titik permasalahan yang terjadi di lapangan sehingga target yang direncanakan dalam program tersebut tidak sesuai atau masih di bawah target. Dan input yang direncanakan pun dari segi guru yang mendidik dalam program ini, akan lebih baik dan efektif ialah guru lulusan dari jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia. Supaya dalam proses pelaksanaan proses program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia dapat berjalan sesuai dengan produk yang direncanakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 86,
"width": 70,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "SIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 99,
"width": 216,
"height": 191,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia merupakan program yang dilaksanakan berdasarkan atas masih adanya siswa MI Hijriyah I Palembang yang belum bisa membaca dan menulis atau siswa yang kesulitan dalam membaca dan menulis. Hal tersebut dikarenakan 3 sebab yaitu: 1) siswanya tidak fokus belajar, hanya ingin bermain khususnya kelas satu dan dua, 2) kurangnya praktik membaca dan menulis pada siswa kelas tiga dan empat, sehingga siswa yang masih kesulitan membaca sulit untuk berkembang, dan 3) waktunya terbatas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 292,
"width": 216,
"height": 329,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dalam pelaksanan program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia masih belum memenuhi produk yang direncanakan dan program tersebut harus tetap dilanjutkan. Akan tetapi, dalam input, proses dan produk program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia harus dievaluasi kembali atau diperbaiki. Sehingga hasil yang didapatkan dari program tersebut sesuai dengan target yang direncanakan dan agar siswa yang masih belum bisa membaca dan menulis atau kesulitan dalam membaca dan menulis itu dapat membaca dan menulis dengan benar dan baik. Ada 3 masalah yang membuat program baca tulis bahasa Indonesia tidak dapat berjalan hasil sesuai dengan target yang direncanakan, yaitu: 1) guru yang mendidik dalam program tersebut kurang memahami metode pembelajaran yang tepat dalam program tersebut, 2) masih kurangnya kuantitas praktik siswa, dan 3) kurangnya SDM yang berlatar belakang lulusan Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia dalam mendidik program tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 638,
"width": 115,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DAFTAR RUJUKAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 665,
"width": 216,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bernard, M., Nurmala, N., Mariam, S., Rustyani, N., 2018. Analisis kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa SMP kelas IX pada materi bangun datar. SJME (Supremum J. Math. Educ. 2, 77– 83.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 246,
"top": 50,
"width": 254,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Evaluasi Program Ekstrakurikuler Baca Tulis Bahasa Indonesia (KGS. M. Roihan Adnan; Rizky Pangestika)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 801,
"width": 455,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Diklat Review : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan dan Pelatihan E-ISSN : 2598-6449 P-ISSN : 2580-4111 Vol. 6, No. 3, Desember 2022",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 52,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "269",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 85,
"width": 222,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dewi, S.U.S., 2015. Pengaruh metode multisensori dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca permulaan pada anak kelas awal sekolah dasar. Model. J. Progr. Stud. PGMI 3, 1– 13.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 174,
"width": 223,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kharizmi, M., 2015. Kesulitan siswa sekolah dasar dalam meningkatkan kemampuan literasi. Jupendas J. Pendidik. Dasar 2, 11–21.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 235,
"width": 223,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lukum, A., 2015. Evaluasi program pembelajaran ipa smp menggunakan model countenance stake. J. Penelit. dan Eval. Pendidik. 19, 25–37.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 297,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "M. Roihan, K., Ahmad Fauzi, W.N., 2021.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 310,
"width": 180,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Persepsi mahasiswa pai terhadap metode pembelajaran berbasis masalah dalam",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 338,
"width": 181,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "meningkatkan kompetensi berpikir kreatif. el- HIKMAH J. Kaji. dan Penelit. Pendidik. Islam 15, 188–202.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 399,
"width": 222,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mahmudi, I., 2011. CIPP. Suatu model evaluasi program pendidikan. J. At- Ta’dib 6, 111–125.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 447,
"width": 222,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Maryono, M., Pamela, I.S., Budiono, H., 2021. Implementasi literasi baca tulis dan sains di sekolah dasar. J.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 488,
"width": 107,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Basicedu 6, 491–498.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 508,
"width": 222,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Munthe, A.P., 2015. Pentingya evaluasi program di institusi pendidikan: sebuah pengantar, pengertian, tujuan dan manfaat. Sch. J. Pendidik. dan Kebud. 5, 1–14.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 583,
"width": 222,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nuraini, 2021. Keputusan kepala mi hijriyah i palembang tentang panitia pelaksana kegiatan program baca tulis bahasa indonesia ( No. 20).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 638,
"width": 59,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Palembang.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 658,
"width": 222,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nurdiyanti, E., Suryanto, E., 2010. Pembelajaran literasi mata pelajaran bahasa indonesia pada siswa kelas v sekolah dasar. Paedagogia 13, 115–",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 713,
"width": 24,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "128.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 733,
"width": 222,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pratiwi, C.P., 2020. Analisis keterampilan membaca permulaan siswa sekolah dasar: studi kasus pada siswa kelas 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 85,
"width": 130,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "sekolah dasar. J. Pendidik. Edutama 7, 1–8.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 119,
"width": 208,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pratiwi, I.M., Ariawan, V.A.N., 2017. Analisis kesulitan siswa dalam membaca permulaan di kelas satu sekolah dasar. Sekol. Dasar Kaji. Teor. dan Prakt. Pendidik. 26, 69– 76.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 208,
"width": 202,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rafida, H., Samsudi, Doyin, M., 2019. Implementasi gerakan literasi sekolah dalam mengembangkan literasi baca tulis siswa sekolah dasar. J. basicedu 6, 4745–4755.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 283,
"width": 204,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ruhaena, L., 2008. The effect of jolly phonics learning method on the indonesian and english initial literacy ability in preschool children. J. Penelit. Hum. 9, 192– 206.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 372,
"width": 209,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sucita, A., Lestari, D., Angraini, F., Selpiyanti, S., Walid, A., 2020. Evaluasi pembelajaran biologi di sman 10 kota bengkulu menggunakan model countenance stake. J. Muara Pendidik. 5, 488– 498.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 474,
"width": 211,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Usman, Ratnasari, D., 2019. Persepsi mahasiswa terhadap pembelajaran yang mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir kreatif yang diintegrasikan dengan pembelajaran berbasis proyek. J. Penelit. Pendidik. Biol. 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 577,
"width": 207,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Wood, B.B., 2001. Stake’s countenance model: Evaluating an environmental education professional development course. J. Environ. Educ. 32, 18–27.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 652,
"width": 215,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Zainuri, 2021. perilaku alumni pelatihan pengembangan diri aparatur di BPSDM provinsi kalimantan barat: evaluasi hasil pelaksanaan pengembangan kompetensi sosial kultural. Diklat Rev. J. Manaj. Pendidik. dan Pelatih. 5, 13–19.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
1474050f-c416-5cd1-ef3e-a3d1a10eeac2 | https://journal.stieken.ac.id/index.php/peta/article/download/494/601 | [
{
"left": 113,
"top": 36,
"width": 60,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal PETA",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 433,
"top": 36,
"width": 80,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN 2528-2581",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 49,
"width": 116,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 7 No. 1 Januari 2022 Hal 26-37",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 779,
"width": 15,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "26",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 191,
"top": 116,
"width": 322,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENGARUH SANKSI PERPAJAKAN DAN PROGRAM TAX AMNESTY TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK (Studi Pada KPP PRATAMA BIAK-PAPUA)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 191,
"top": 173,
"width": 50,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muniroh",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 191,
"top": 184,
"width": 296,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Malangkucecwara Malang Jl.Terusan Candi Kalasan - Malang, 65142, Jawa Timur",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 238,
"width": 146,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "surel : [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 267,
"width": 71,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAKSI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 293,
"width": 401,
"height": 304,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak. Pengaruh Sanksi Perpajakan Dan Program Tax Amnesty Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak. Pajak selama ini merupakan penerimaan terbesar bagi pembangunan, olehkarenanya pemerintah memberikan sanksi denda pada wajib pajak yang tidak membayar pajak dan pada tahun 2016 meluncurkan program Tax Amnesty (pembebasan denda pajak). Program ini bertujuan agar wajib pajak dapat transparan dalam membayar dan melaporkan pajaknya. Program ini memberikan pembebasan denda pajak dan potongan tarif, hanya membayar uang tebusan saja yang tarifnya jauh lebih kecil dibandingkan tarif normalnya atas harta yang dimiliki tetapi belum dilaporkan di SPT nya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisa Regresi Berganda dengan obyek penelitian ini adalah Wajib Pajak yang terdaftar di KPP Pratama Biak Numfor (Papua). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sanksi perpajakan dan Program Tax Amnesty secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak. Sedangkan program Tax Amnesty memiliki pengaruh dominan terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak. Implikasi penelitian ini adalah pemerintah perlu melakukan Tax Amnesty agar masyarakat mau melaporkan pendapatan dan hartanya secara transparan. Hal ini disebabkan wajib pajak tidak perlu merasa khawatir lagi akan adanya pemeriksaan di kemudian hari. Dan atas hasil ini juga menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Papua belum memiliki kesadaran tentang pentingnya pembayaran pajak. Oleh karenanya pemerintah perlu untuk lebih intens melakukan sosialisai tentang perlunya penerimaan pajak bagi negara kita.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 618,
"width": 400,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci: Sanksi Perpajakan, Program Tax Amnesty , Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 681,
"width": 400,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract. The Effect of Tax Sanctions and Tax Amnesty Programs on Taxpayer Compliance. Taxes have so far been the largest revenue source for development, therefore the government imposes fines on taxpayers who do not pay taxes and in 2016 launched the Tax Amnesty program (exemption of tax penalties). This program aims to make taxpayers transparent in paying and reporting their taxes. This program provides",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 36,
"width": 15,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "27",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 62,
"width": 397,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muniroh Jurnal PETA Vol. 7 No 1, Januari 2022",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 113,
"width": 400,
"height": 166,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "exemption from tax penalties and rebates, only paying a ransom which is much lower than the normal rate for assets owned but not reported in the SPT. This study uses the Multiple Regression analysis method with the object of this research is the taxpayer who is registered at the KPP Pratama Biak Numfor (Papua). This study shows that tax sanctions and the Tax Amnesty Program simultaneously have a significant effect on taxpayer compliance. Meanwhile, the Tax Amnesty program has a dominant influence on taxpayer compliance. The implication of this research is that the government needs to carry out Tax Amnesty so that people want to report their income and assets transparently. This is because taxpayers do not have to worry about audits at a later date. And this result also shows that the Papuan people do not yet have awareness about the importance of paying taxes. Therefore, the government needs to be more intense in conducting socialization about the need for tax revenue for our country.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 289,
"width": 338,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Tax Sanctions, Tax Amnesty Program, Taxpayer Compliance",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 354,
"width": 103,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 352,
"width": 401,
"height": 398,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam undang-undang No.16 tahun 2009 pasal 1 ayat 1 menjelaskan bahwa Pajak adalah kontribusi wajib kepada negara yang terutang oleh orang pribadi atau badan yang bersifat memaksa berdasarkan Undang-Undang, dengan tidak mendapatkan imbalan secara langsung dan digunakan untuk keperluan negara bagi sebesar-besarnya kemakmuran rakyat. Lebih dari 75% sumber pendapatan Negara dari pajak, sisanya dari kepabeanan, dan cukai, penerimaan bukan pajak dan hibah, dengan kata lain pajak merupakan primadona sumber penerimaan Indonesia. Ini sesuai artikel yang ada di website Kementrian Keuangan (http:// www.kemenkeu.go.id/apb n2016 ). Tingkat kepatuhan wajib pajak untuk menunaikan kewajiban pembayaran pajaknya di Indonesia masih cukup rendah. Direktorat Jenderal Pajak (DJP) Kementerian Keuangan mencatat bahwa realisasi penerimaan pajak non migas hingga 26 September 2016 mencapai Rp 706 triliun atau setara 53,5% dari target penerimaan pajak non migas dalam APBN-P 2016 yang sebesar",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 449,
"width": 184,
"height": 305,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rp 1.318,9 triliun. Realisasi ini masih lebih rendah dari periode sama tahun 2015 yang sebesar Rp 729 triliun (termasuk PPh migas), menurut Direktur Jenderal Pajak, Kementerian Keuangan (Kemenkeu) Ken Dwijugiasteadi Ada beberapa hal yang menyebabkan penurunan tersebut seperti PPh pasal 22 impor dan PPN impor seiring penurunan impor. Dan wakil Menteri Keuangan, Mardyasmo, mengakui bahwa setoran pajak dari kelompok wajib pajak orang pribadi sejauh ini terlalu rendah, terutama wajib pajak dari kalangan non karyawan atau memiliki pekerjaan sendiri termasuk usaha profesi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa wajib pajak orang pribadi seperti pengusaha dan profesi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 36,
"width": 15,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "28",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 62,
"width": 39,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muniroh",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 62,
"width": 401,
"height": 691,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal PETA Vol. 7 No 1, Januari 2022 belum memenuhi kewajiban pajaknya dengan baik. Rendahnya tingkat kepatuhan pajak menjadi indikator rendahnya serapan pajak oleh pemerintah. Tabel 1: Tingkat Kepatuhan WP tahun 2013-2016 Keterangan 2013 2014 2015 2016 Tingkat/ratio kepatuhan WP 56,36% 59,88% 56,36% 62,2% Sumber: Direktorat jendral pajak 01 Maret 2017 (http:// www.pajak.go.id/content/article/menakar-kadar-kepatuhan-wajib-pajak). Sanksi perpajakan terdiri atas 2 jenis yaitu sanksi administrasi dan sanksi pidana. Ketentuan umum dan tata cara peraturan perpajakan telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang, tak terkecuali mengenai sanksi perpajakan. Sanksi perpajakan merupakan jaminan bahwa ketentuan peraturan perundang- undangan perpajakan (norma perpajakan) akan dituruti/ditaati/dipatuhi, dengan kata lain sanksi perpajakan merupakan alat pencegah agar Wajib Pajak tidak melanggar norma perpajakan. Agar wajib pajak tidak dikenai sanksi perpajakan yang timbul apabila tidak melaksanakan kewajibannya dengan benar, maka Direktorat Jendral Pajak memberikan kesempatan bagi wajib pajak untuk memanfaatkan kebijakan program Tax Amnesty . Program Tax Amnesty atau Pengampunan Pajak adalah penghapusan pajak yang seharusnya terutang, tidak dikenai sanksi administrasi perpajakan dan sanksi pidana di bidang perpajakan, dengan cara mengungkap Harta dan membayar Uang Tebusan sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang amnesti pajak No.11 tahun 2016. Direktorat Jenderal Pajak (Ditjen Pajak) Kementerian Keuangan (Kemenkeu) menilai, keikutsertaan dalam program Amnesti Pajak atau \" Tax Amnesty \" menandakan Wajib Pajak bersedia membangun budaya baru kepatuhan pajak, hal ini ditandai dengan para wajib pajak sudah mulai membayar dan melaporkan pajak dengan baik dan benar. Pemerintah mengharapkan dengan adanya Tax Amnesty dapat bermanfaat nyata bagi kepentingan nasional, bagi kepentingan rakyat kita terutama dalam hal penerimaan negara. Selanjutnya, tax amnesty memperluas tax base , sehingga kedepan akan menambah jumlah wajib pajak,” harapannya agar uang yang diterima bisa digunakan untuk menggerakkan ekonomi nasional kita, ujar Presiden Republik Indonesia Joko widodo disamoaikan kepada tim liputan 6 pada 16 Agt 2017 ( bisnis.liputan6.com › Bisnis › Ekonomi). Agar peraturan perpajakan dipatuhi, maka harus ada sanksi perpajakan bagi para pelanggarnya. Wajib Pajak akan memenuhi kewajiban perpajakan atau patuh",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 36,
"width": 15,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "29",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 62,
"width": 397,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muniroh Jurnal PETA Vol. 7 No 1, Januari 2022",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 113,
"width": 187,
"height": 251,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "apabila memandang bahwa sanksi perpajakan akan merugikannya. Agar wajib pajak tidak dikenai sanksi perpajakan yang timbul apabila tidak melaksanakan kewajibannya dengan benar, maka direktorat jendral pajak memberikan kesempatan bagi wajib pajak untuk memanfaatkan kebijakan program Tax Amnesty . Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Ngadiman dan Huslin (2016), menunjukkan bahwa setiap perubahan yang terjadi pada sanksi perpajakan dan program Tax Amnesty berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kapatuhan wajib pajak. Selanjutnya Dian dan Anggraeni",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 113,
"width": 401,
"height": 639,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(2011) mengatakan kebijakan sunset policy berpengaruh positif terhadap kesadaran membayar pajak oleh wajib pajak. Wajib pajak yang memiliki persepsi positif terhadap sunset policy cenderung memiliki kesadaran yang lebih baik untuk membayar pajak. Sedangkan Istiqomah (2016) menunjukkan bahwa jumlah kepatuhan WPOP yang mempunyai usaha yang menyampaikan SPT Tahunan tepat waktu mengalami peningkatan dari tahun tahun dan jumlah kepatuhan WPOP Usaha yang menyampaikan SPT Tahunan tidak tepat waktu mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun serta jumlah kepatuhan WPOP Usaha yang tidak menyampaikan SPT Tahunan mengalami penurunan dari tahun ke tahun. Sedangkan persepsi dan kesadaran wajib pajak tentang sanksi perpajakan berpengaruh positif terhadap kepatuhan pelaporan wajib pajak orang pribadi di Denpasar Timur dan kabupaten Minahasa Selatan (Muliari dan Setiawan, 2009; Tiraada, 2013) Selanjutnya, pertanyaannya apakah sanksi perpajakan dan Tax Amnesty akan mempunyai dampak pada wajib pajak di KPP Biak Papua seperti halnya di KPP daerah yang lain mengingat daerah ini merupakan daerah terpencil.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 252,
"width": 184,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini menginvestigasi pengaruh kedua variabel diatas terhadap wajib pajak di KPP Biak Papua.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 324,
"width": 132,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "TELAAH LITERATUR",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 350,
"width": 184,
"height": 277,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sanksi adalah suatu tindakan berupa hukuman yang diberikan kepada orang yang melanggar peraturan. Peraturan atau undang- undang merupakan rambu-rambu bagi seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu mengenai apa yang harus dilakukan dan apa yang seharusnya tidak dilakukan. Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2007 Tentang Ketentuan Umum Dan Tata Cara Perpajakan disebutkan bahwa ada dua macam sanksi,yaitu: 1. Sanksi Administrasi yang terdiri dari: a) Sanksi Administrasi berupa denda. Sanksi denda adalah jenis sanksi yang paling banyak ditemukan dalam",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 366,
"top": 627,
"width": 148,
"height": 125,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Undang-Undang perpajakan.Terkait besarannya denda dapat ditetapkan sebesar jumlah tertentu, presentasi dari jumlah tertentu, atau angka perkalian dari jumlah tertentu. Pada sejumlah pelanggaran, sanksi denda",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 36,
"width": 15,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "30",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 62,
"width": 401,
"height": 690,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muniroh Jurnal PETA Vol. 7 No 1, Januari 2022 ini akan ditambah dengan sanksi pidana. b) Sanksi Administrasi berupa bunga, sebesar 2% setiap bualan dari pajak yang terutang. Sanksi ini biasa dikenakan atas pelanggaran yang menyebabkan utang pajak menjadi lebih besar. c) Presentasi tertentu dari suatu jumlah, mulai dari saat bunga itu menjadi hak/kewajiban sampai dengan saat diterima dibayarkan. d) Sanksi Administrasi berupa kenaikan. Sanksi ini bisa jadi sanksi yang paling ditakuti oleh Wajib Pajak. Hal ini karena bila dikenakan sanksi tersebut, jumlah pajak yang harus dibayar bias menjadi berlipat ganda. Sanksi berupa kenaikan pada dasarnya dihitung dengan angka presentasi tertentu dari jumlah pajak yang tidak kurang dibayar. 2. Sanksi Pidana yang terdiri dari: a) Pidana kurungan. Sanksi ini biasa terjadi karena adanya tindak pidana yang dilakukan karena kelalaian. Batas maksimum hukuman kurungan adalah 1 (satu) tahun, pekerjaan yang harus dilakukan oleh para tahanan kurungan biasanya lebih sedikit dan lebih ringan, selain di penjara negara, dalam kasus terentu diizinkan menjalaninya di rumah sendiri dengan pengawasan yang berwajib, kebebasan tahanan kurungan lebih banyak, pada dasarnya tidak ada pembagian atas kelas-kelas, dan dapat menjadi pengganti hukuman denda. Pidana penjara. Sanksi ini biasa terjadi karena adanya tindak pidana yang dilakukan dengan sengaja. Batas maksimum penjara ialah seumur hidup, pekerjaan yang dilakukan oleh tahanan penjara biasanya lebih banyak dan lebih berat, terhukum menjalani di gedung atau di rumah penjara, kebebasan para tahanan penjara amat terbatas, dibagi atas kelas menurut kualitas dan kuantitas kejahatan dari yang tergolong berat sampai dengan yang teringan, dan tidak dapat menjadi pengganti hukuman denda. Selanjutnya Dian dan Anggraeni (2011) mengatakan kebijakan sunset policy berpengaruh positif terhadap kesadaran membayar pajak oleh wajib pajak. Wajib pajak yang memiliki persepsi positif terhadap sunset policy cenderung memiliki kesadaran yang lebih baik untuk membayar pajak Program Tax amnesty atau pengampunan pajak adalah program pengampunan yang diberikan oleh pemerintah kepada wajib pajak meliputi penghapusan pajak yang seharusnya terutang, penghapusan sanksi administrasi perpajakan, serta penghapusan sanksi pidana di bidang perpajakan atas harta yang diperoleh tahun 2015 dan sebelumnya yang belum dilaporkan dalam SPT dengan cara melunasi seluruh tunggakan pajak yang dimiliki dan membayar uang tebusan. Program tax amnesty",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 36,
"width": 15,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "31",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 62,
"width": 397,
"height": 287,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muniroh Jurnal PETA Vol. 7 No 1, Januari 2022 sendiri berlaku sejak disahkan hingga 31 maret 2017, dan terbagi ke dalam 3 periode, yaitu: 1. Periode I: dari tanggal diundangkan s.d 30 september 2016 2. Periode II: dari tanggal 1 oktober 2016 s.d 31 desember 2016 3. Periode III: dari tanggal 1 januari 2017 s.d 31 maret 2017 Adapun tujuan penyusunan undang-undang tentang Program Tax Amnesty (Pasal 2 UU Nomor 11 Tahun 2016) adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 349,
"width": 185,
"height": 277,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Mempercepat pertumbuhan dan restrukturisasi ekonomi melalui pengalihan harta, yang antara lain akan berdampak terhadap peningkatan likuiditas domestik, perbaikan nilai tukar rupiah, penurunan suku bunga, dan peningkatan investasi. 2. Mendorong reformasi perpajakan menuju sistem perpajakan yang lebih berkeadilan serta perluasan basis data perpajakan yang lebih valid, komprehensif, dan terintegrasi. 3. Meningkatkan penerimaan pajak, yang antara lain akan digunakan untuk pembiayaan pembangunan.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 626,
"width": 184,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk mengajukan program Tax",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 640,
"width": 184,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amnesty wajib pajak harus ke kantor pelayanan pajak tempat wajib pajak tersebut terdaftar atau di tempat lain yang ditentukan oleh Menteri dengan membawa surat pernyataan. Ke kantor pelayan pajak tempat wajib pajak terdaftar atau tempat lain yang ditentukan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 113,
"width": 184,
"height": 291,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "oleh menteri juga tempat awal yang harus dituju untuk meminta penjelasan mengenai pengisian dan pemenuhan kelengkapan dokumen yang harus dilampirkan dalam surat pernyataan. Dalam Kamus Umum Bahasa Indonesia, kepatuhan berarti tunduk atau patuh pada ajaran atau aturan. Adapun menurut Muliari dan Setiawan (2011) mengemukakan kepatuhan dan kesadaran pemenuhan kewajiban perpajakan tercermin dalam situasi sebagai berikut: 1. Wajib pajak paham atau berusaha untuk memahami semua ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan perpajakan.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 405,
"width": 183,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Mengisi formulir pajak dengan lengkap dan jelas.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 432,
"width": 183,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Menghitung jumlah pajak yang terutang dengan benar.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 460,
"width": 183,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Membayar pajak yang terutang tepat pada waktunya",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 502,
"width": 184,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kepatuhan wajib pajak dapat dibedakan menjadi 2, yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 529,
"width": 184,
"height": 222,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Kepatuhan formal, Kepatuhan formal yaitu suatu keadaan dimana wajib pajak memenuhi kewajiban secara formal sesuai dengan ketentuan dalam Undang-Undang Perpajakan. Kepatuhan formal merefleksikan pemenuhan kewajiban penyetoran dan pelaporan pajak sesuai dengan jadwal yang telah ditentukan. 2. Kepatuhan Materiil, Kepatuhan materiil lebih menekankan pada aspek substansinya yaitu jumlah pembayaran pajak telah sesuai",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 36,
"width": 15,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "32",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 62,
"width": 397,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muniroh Jurnal PETA Vol. 7 No 1, Januari 2022",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 113,
"width": 162,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dengan ketentuan. Dalam arti perhitungan dan penyetoran pajak telah benar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 169,
"width": 185,
"height": 222,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Triana (2010) Agar peraturan perpajakan dipatuhi, maka harus ada sanksi perpajakan bagi para pelanggarnya. Wajib Pajak akan memenuhi kewajiban perpajakannya dan patuh bila memandang bahwa sanksi perpajakan akan lebih banyak merugikannya. Agar wajib pajak tidak dikenai sanksi perpajakan yang timbul apabila tidak melaksanakan kewajibannya dengan benar, maka direktorat jendral pajak memberikan kesempatan bagi wajib pajak untuk memanfaatkan kebijakan program",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 391,
"width": 184,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tax Amnesty . menunjukkan bahwa setiap perubahan yang terjadi pada sanksi perpajakan dan program Tax",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 113,
"width": 401,
"height": 349,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amnesty secara simultan atau bersama-sama akan memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kapatuhan wajib pajak. Berdasarkan teori dan hasil penelitian sebelumnya, maka dapat dikatakan bahwa pemberian sanksi seperti sanksi administrasi (denda, bunga, dan kenaikan) maupun sanksi pidana (kurungan atau penjara) yang diberikan terhadap wajib pajak dimaksudkan agar memberikan efek jera, sehingga wajib pajak tidak akan melakukan kesalahan yang sama dilain hari berikutnya. Selain itu dengan adanya program tax amnesty akan memotivasi wajib pajak melaksanakan kewajibannya dengan benar Kerangka Hipotesis",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 284,
"top": 605,
"width": 57,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 262,
"top": 617,
"width": 103,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kerangka Hipotesis",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 676,
"width": 136,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 687,
"width": 184,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sumber data primer. Sumber data primer adalah data yang diperoleh oleh sumber asli secara langsung. Data",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 673,
"width": 184,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "primer dalam penelitian ini diambil dari jawaban atas kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada responden yaitu wajib pajak orang pribadi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 398,
"top": 509,
"width": 106,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SANKSI PAJAK (X 1 )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 422,
"top": 560,
"width": 60,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PROGRAM",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 400,
"top": 573,
"width": 102,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "TAX AMNESTY (X 2 )",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 533,
"width": 93,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK (Y)",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 36,
"width": 15,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "33",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 62,
"width": 39,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muniroh",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 62,
"width": 191,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal PETA Vol. 7 No 1, Januari 2022",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 116,
"width": 160,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Definisi Operasional Variabel",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 142,
"width": 184,
"height": 125,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Di dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan dua jenis variabel yaitu variabel dependen, dan variabel independen. Variabel terikat dalam penelitian ini adalah Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak, sedangkan variabel bebasnya adalah Sanksi Perpajakan dan program Tax Amnesty.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 283,
"width": 184,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1.Variabel Terikat Dalam penelitian ini variabel terikat adalah Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak (Y).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 353,
"width": 88,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.Variabel Bebas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 364,
"width": 184,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Variabel Bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah Sanksi Perpajakan (X 1 ) dan program Tax Amnesty (X 2 )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 420,
"width": 184,
"height": 152,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Wajib Pajak orang pribadi di KPP Pratama Biak (Jl.Adibai Sumberker Samofa, Sorido,Biak Kota). Berdasarkan data diperoleh 49.348 Wajib Pajak Lapor SPT. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah random sampling sebanyak 100 responden.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 113,
"width": 184,
"height": 210,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan analisa regresi, dengan model penelitian sebagai berikut: Keterangan: Y = Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak X 1 = Sanksi Perpajakan X 2 = Program Tax amnesty α = Konstanta (Intersept) β = Koefisien regresi Ɛ = Standart Error",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 336,
"width": 183,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hipotesis statistiknya: H0 ; β 1 = 0 : sanksi perpajakan tidak mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 393,
"width": 184,
"height": 128,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H1: β 1 ≠ 0 : sanksi perpajakan mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak H0 ; β 2 = 0 : program tax amnesty tidak mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak H1: β 2 ≠ 0 : program tax amnesty mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 599,
"width": 243,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 621,
"width": 283,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisa regresi linear berganda adalah sebagai berikut 1 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 736,
"width": 265,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Tidak ada indikasi pelanggaran terhadap asumsi klasik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 359,
"top": 164,
"width": 127,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Y = α + β 1 .X 1 + β 2 .X 2 + Ɛ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 36,
"width": 15,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "34",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 62,
"width": 39,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muniroh",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 62,
"width": 191,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal PETA Vol. 7 No 1, Januari 2022",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 116,
"width": 46,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 223,
"top": 128,
"width": 182,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil dari Regresi Linear Berganda",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 162,
"top": 151,
"width": 349,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Coeffici ents a 14.317 3.006 4.762 .000 .480 .164 .270 2.932 .004 .509 .122 .383 4.166 .000 (Constant)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 162,
"top": 228,
"width": 73,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sanksi Perpajakan",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 162,
"top": 242,
"width": 52,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tax Amnesty",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 175,
"width": 373,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Model 1 B Std. Error Unstandardized Coef f icients Beta Standardized Coef f icients t Sig.",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 258,
"width": 199,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dependent Variable: Kepatuhan WP a. Tabel 3.",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 153,
"top": 291,
"width": 320,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil Pengujian Koefisien Korelasi dan Koefisien Determinasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 263,
"top": 318,
"width": 103,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Model Summary",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 343,
"width": 366,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ".547 a .299 .285 3.421 Model 1 R R Square Adjusted R Square St d. Error of the Estimate Predictors: (Constant), Tax Amnesty , Sanksi Perpajakan a.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 426,
"width": 400,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Adjusted R square menunjukkan hanya 28,5% kepatuhan wajib pajak dipengaruhi oleh dua variabel yang diteliti. Hal ini bisa dikatakan model ini jauh dari sempurna dikarenakan sekitar 70% varibel lain mempengaruhi kepatuhan wajib pajak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 484,
"width": 46,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel .4",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 217,
"top": 496,
"width": 194,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil Pengujian t-Hitung dan T- tabel",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 239,
"top": 519,
"width": 99,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ANOVA b 484.952 2",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 559,
"width": 386,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "242.476 20.720 .000 a 1135.158 97 11.703 1620.110 99 Regression Residual Total Model",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 572,
"width": 5,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 236,
"top": 546,
"width": 31,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sum of",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 235,
"top": 559,
"width": 261,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Squares df Mean Square F Sig.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 621,
"width": 254,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Predictors: (Const ant), Tax Amnesty , Sanksi Perpajakan a.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 639,
"width": 164,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dependent Variable: Kepatuhan WP b.",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 660,
"width": 281,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bila t-hitung < t-tabel maka hipotesis nol (H 0 ) diterima.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 688,
"width": 400,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sedangkan tabel diatas menunjukkan sanksi perpajakan dan program tax amnesty mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak. Hal ini selaras dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Ngadiman dan Huslin (2015) yang memiliki kesimpulan bahwa Sanksi Perpajakan dan Tax Amnesty",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 36,
"width": 15,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "35",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 62,
"width": 415,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muniroh Jurnal PETA Vol. 7 No 1, Januari 2022",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 113,
"width": 184,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "berpengaruh secara signifikaan terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 141,
"width": 185,
"height": 611,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Juga sesuai dengan penelitian Dian dan Anggraeni (2011) mengatakan kebijakan sunset policy berpengaruh positif terhadap kesadaran membayar pajak oleh wajib pajak. Wajib pajak yang memiliki persepsi positif terhadap sunset policy cenderung memiliki kesadaran yang lebih baik untuk membayar pajak Sedangkan Istiqomah (2016) menunjukkan bahwa jumlah kepatuhan WPOP yang mempunyai usaha yang menyampaikan SPT Tahunan tepat waktu mengalami peningkatan dari tahun tahun dan jumlah kepatuhan WPOP Usaha yang menyampaikan SPT Tahunan tidak tepat waktu mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun serta jumlah kepatuhan WPOP Usaha yang tidak menyampaikan SPT Tahunan mengalami penurunan dari tahun ke tahun. Adanya sanksi pajak dan Program Tax Amnesty atau Pengampunan Pajak yang diberikan oleh pemerintah telah mampu meningkatkan kepatuhan wajib pajak, hal ini terbukti dengan terjadinya peningkatan penerimaan Negara lewat pajak dari pengalihan harta yang belum diungkapkan baik dari dalam Negeri ataupun dari luar Negeri setelah diberlakukannnya program Tax Amnesty , tentunya hal ini tidak lepas dari kekhawatiran Wajib Pajak jika tidak patuh dalam melakukan pembayaran pajak akan dikenakan sanksi denda yang lumayan besar jumlahnya, yaitu",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 113,
"width": 184,
"height": 167,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2% per bulannya dari pajak yang terutang. Adapun jika mengikuti Tax Amnesty wajib pajak akan rela membayar uang tebusan yang jumlahnya jauh lebih kecil di bandingkan dengan membayar sanksi pajak yang besarnya 2% per bulan. Oleh karenya Program Tax Amnesy dominan pengaruhnya dibanding sanksi pajak dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan wajib pajak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 294,
"width": 184,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jika wajib pajak sudah berubah menjadi patuh dalam membayar pajak ke depannya akan muncul kesadaran dalam membayar pajak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 349,
"width": 187,
"height": 180,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wajib Pajak akan sadar dan mengerti terhadap arti pentingnya pajak guna membiayai pembangunan nasional. Pengabdian serta peran aktif warga negara dan anggota masyarakat untuk terlibat membayar keperluan negara berupa pembangunan nasional yang pelaksanaanya diatur dalam Undang-undang dan peraturan-peraturan pemerintah untuk tujuan kesejahteraan bangsa dan Negara sangat di butuhkan.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 560,
"width": 87,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 571,
"width": 184,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kesimpulan penelitian ini para wajib pajak pada KPP Pratama Biak – Papua menilai bahwa sanksi perpajakan dan Program Tax",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 627,
"width": 187,
"height": 125,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amnesty mempengaruhi Kepatuhan wajib pajak. Hal ini dikarenakan dengan adanya sanksi perpajakan, pelaksanaan kewajiban perpajakan dapat terpenuhi, adapun disisi lain dengan adanya program tax amnesty yang salah satu keuntungannya yaitu penghapusan sanksi dalam bidang perpajakan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 36,
"width": 15,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "36",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 62,
"width": 397,
"height": 413,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muniroh Jurnal PETA Vol. 7 No 1, Januari 2022 maka dimanfaatkan oleh wajib pajak yang belum melaksanakan kewajibannya dengan benar, dengan ini Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak akan meningkat. Dan, Program Tax Amnesty memiliki pengaruh yang dominan dibandingkan dengan Sanksi Perpajakan dikarenakan kebijakan tax amnesty memberikan pembebasan sanksi dan penghapusan pajak, penghapusan sanksi administrasi, dan penghapusan sanksi pidana atas pajak dan harta yang belum dilaporkan, sehingga wajib pajak banyak yang memilih memanfaatkan program Tax Amnesty agar dapat terbebas dari sanksi yang seharusnya diterimanya. Dibandingkan sanksi denda yang akan dikenakan atas pajak terutang dengan menggunakan perhitungan denda dan bunga yang di rasa memberatkan para wajib pajak di KPP Pratama Biak-Papua.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 501,
"width": 124,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR RUJUKAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 525,
"width": 184,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andriani,P.J.A.(1991). Pengantar",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 539,
"width": 185,
"height": 195,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ilmu Hukum Pajak . 2. Dian Anggreani, Monica. 2011. Pengaruh pemanfaatan fasilitas perpajakan Sunset Policy terhadap tingkat kepatuhan wajib pajak (jurnal). Semarang: Universitas Diponogoro. Aviantara, Aris. 2011. Mengenal Sanksi Pajak . www.aviantara.wordpress.co m/2011/04/18/mengenal- sanksi-pajak/. Diakses pada 18 April 2011.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 113,
"width": 183,
"height": 265,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dwisetiati. 2013. Sanksi Perpajakan . www.dwisetiati.wordpress.c om/2013/01/09/sanksi- perpajakan/, Diakses pada 9 Januari 2013. Hanif, 2016. Makalah Peran Tax Amnesty Dalam Pembangunan Indonesia . www.hanifhanifku.blogspot. co.id/2016/09/makalah- peran-tax-amnesty- dalam.html. Diakses pada 29 September 2016. Hariyanto, Bambang. 2012. Pengertian Kepatuhan Menurut Para Ahli . www.bambanghariyanto.co m/2012/06/pengertian- kepatuhan-wajib-pajak.html,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 378,
"width": 184,
"height": 222,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diakses pada 22 Juni 2012. Haryanto, Joko Tri. 2016 . Tax Amnesty dan Kinerja Perpajakan 2016 . www.kemenkeu.go.id/Artik el/tax-amnesty-dan-kinerja- perpajakan-2016. Diakses pada 7 April 2016. Hasril, 2016. Makalah Pengaruh Tax Amnesty Terhadap Pertumbuhan Investasi di Indonesia. www.hasrilweb.wordpress.c om/tag/makalah-tax- amnesty/. Diakses pada 26 November 2016.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 600,
"width": 184,
"height": 153,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Istiqomah. 2016. Analisis kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi berkaitan dengan adanya kebijakan sanksi pajak pada Kantor Pelayanan Pajak P ratama Bantul (jurnal). Yogyakarta: Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Kartika, Henny. 2008. Simpel Random Sampling . www.hennykartika.wordpres",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 36,
"width": 15,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "37",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 62,
"width": 397,
"height": 440,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muniroh Jurnal PETA Vol. 7 No 1, Januari 2022 s.com/2008/01/27/simple- random-sampling/. Diakses pada 27 Januari 2008. Laili, Amin. 2013. Membangun Kepatuhan Menuju Masyarakat Sadar Pajak . www.pajak.go.id/content/ar ticle/membangun- kepatuhan-menuju- masyarakat-sadar-pajak, Diakses pada 25 November 2013. Ngadiman dan Daniel Huslin. 2016. Pengaruh Sanset Policy,Tax Amnesty, dan Sanksi Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak (jurnal). Jakarta: Universitas Tarumanegara. Ni Ketut Muliari dan Putu Ery Setiawan. 2009. Pengaruh persepsi tentang sanksi perpajakan dan kesadaran wajib pajak pada kepatuhan pelaporan wajib pajak orang pribadi di kantor pelayanan pajak pratama Denpasar Timur (jurnal). Bali: Uiversitas",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 502,
"width": 53,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Udayana.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 516,
"width": 184,
"height": 195,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pinontoan, Okky. 2017. Periode Akhir Tax Amnesty , KPP Pratama Biak optimalkan pelayanan . www.rri.co.id/biak/post/ber ita/369427/ekonomi/period e_akhir_tax_amnesty_kpp_p ratama_biak_optimalkan_pel ayanan.html, Diakses pada 8 Maret 2017. Pinontoan, Okky. 2017. Wajib Pajak di Biak, Diimbau Segera Lapor SPT Tahunan . www.rri.co.id/post/berita/3",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 711,
"width": 145,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "70350/daerah/wajib_pajak_ di_biak_diimbau_segera_lap",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 361,
"top": 113,
"width": 145,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "or_spt_tahunan.html, Diakses pada 8 Maret 2017.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 141,
"width": 183,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Resmi, Siti. 2016. Perpajakan .",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 155,
"width": 183,
"height": 84,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yogyakarta: Salemba Empat. Soeroji, Oji. 2017. Menakar Kadar Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak . www.pajak.go.id/content/ar ticle/menakar-kadar- kepatuhan-wajib-pajak,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 239,
"width": 183,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diakses pada 1 Maret 2017. Sugiono, 2008. Statistik Deskriptif dan statistik inferensial . www.jamstatistic.id/2014/0 1/statistik-deskriptif-dan- statistik.html. Diakses pada 01 Januari 2014",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 336,
"width": 184,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tiraada, Tryana A.M. 2013.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 350,
"width": 184,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kesadaran perpajakan, sanksi pajak, sikap fiskus terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak di Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan (jurnal). Manado: Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Undang-undang No.16 Tahun 2009 tentang Ketentuan Hukum dan Tata Cara Perpajakan",
"type": "Table"
}
] |
7f9cdf79-6c21-e22a-81bf-d5c5ad508454 | https://journal.uib.ac.id/index.php/gfa/article/download/8606/3688 | [
{
"left": 262,
"top": 747,
"width": 287,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Global Financial Accounting Journal, Vol 7 (2), Page 195",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 198,
"top": 52,
"width": 330,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Global Financial Accounting Journal, Vol. 07, No. 02, October 2023 ISSN: 2655-836X https://journal.uib.ac.id/index.php/gfa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 135,
"width": 486,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KINERJA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR DI INDONESIA DITINJAU DARI KARAKTERISTIK DEWAN DIREKSI, KOMITE AUDIT, DAN KEPEMILIKAN",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 197,
"width": 243,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Meily Juliani 1* , Rudi Candra 2 , Wedi Yanto 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 225,
"width": 471,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "123 Program Sarjana Akuntansi, Fakultas Bisnis dan Manajemen, Universitas Internasional Batam, Kota Batam, Indonesia * Corresponding Author: [email protected] 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 269,
"top": 282,
"width": 68,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 295,
"width": 487,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Purpose - This research aims to prove the influence of the characteristics of the board of directors, audit committee, and ownership on the performance of manufacturing companies in Indonesia. Research Method - Manufacturing companies that are registered on the IDX are used as objects in this research using a purposive sampling method and were obtained from 124 manufacturing companies in 2018-2022. Testing and analysis used Eviews 12 and IBM SPSS Statistics 25 software.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 378,
"width": 487,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Findings - The results of this study are ownership concentration which has a significant positive effect and independent audit committee, independent board of directors have a significant negative effect on company performance. The results of this research are that ownership concentration has a significant positive effect on company performance. Independent audit committees and independent boards of directors have a significant negative effect on company performance. Meanwhile, other variables do not have a significant effect on company performance.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 461,
"width": 487,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Implication - GCG can help companies create effective policies. It also can help companies build the trust of stakeholders and shareholders.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 503,
"width": 458,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords: Board of Directors, Audit Committee, Ownership, Firm Performance, Manufacture JEL code: G34, G32",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 554,
"width": 73,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Article History",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 567,
"width": 143,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Received : 07 November 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 554,
"width": 450,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Revised : 22 November 2023 : 06 December 2023 Accepted : 12 December 2023 DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.37253/gfa.v7i2.8606 Web : https://journal.uib.ac.id/index.php/gfa/issue/view/174",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 618,
"width": 41,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Citation",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 631,
"width": 456,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Juliani, M., Candra, R., & Yanto, W. (2023). Kinerja perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia ditinjau dari karakteristik dewan direksi, komite audit, dan kepemilikan. Global Financial Accounting Journal, 7 (2), 195-212. doi: 10.37253/gfa.v7i2.8606",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 108,
"width": 98,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Research Paper",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 39,
"width": 407,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Juliani, Candra, & Yanto | Kinerja Perusahaan Manufaktur di Indonesia Ditinjau dari Karakteristik Dewan Direksi, Komite Audit, dan Kepemilikan",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 243,
"top": 776,
"width": 288,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Global Financial Accounting Journal, Vol 7 (2), Page 196",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 96,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 89,
"width": 454,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Definisi perusahaan di Indonesia yang termuat dalam UU No.3 Pasal 1 Huruf b Tahun 1982 adalah salah satu bentuk badan usaha badan hukum yang bersifat tetap, didirikan dan melakukan kegiatan tertentu di wilayah Republik Indonesia dengan menggunakan modal dan tenaga kerja untuk mencari laba/keuntungan. Perusahaan dapat berbentuk sebagai Perseroan Terbatas. Perseroan Terbatas atau disingkat dengan PT merupakan badan usaha yang dibentuk berlandaskan kesepakatan serta melakukan kegiatan usaha ekonomi yang modalnya terbagi dalam saham perusahaan (Johan, 2021). Khususnya modal saham atas suatu Perseroan Terbatas Terbuka (Tbk.) biasanya diperjual belikan dalam Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) yang di mana perubahan atas kepemilikan suatu perusahaan terus berjalan tanpa dilakukan pembubaran perusahaan. Perseroan Terbatas juga dilengkapi dengan Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham, Komisaris dan juga Direksi. Perusahaan juga terdapat berbagai jenis bidang usaha untuk dijalankan, salah satunya adalah bidang usaha manufaktur.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 254,
"width": 454,
"height": 150,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Definisi manufaktur yang dirujuk dalam Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) ialah “rangkaian membuat atau menghasilkan produk dengan tangan atau mesin”. Perusahaan manufaktur dapat didefinisikan juga sebagai perusahaan yang menggunakan raw material kemudian diolah dengan cost yang lebih kecil menjadi barang yang sudah jadi dan layak untuk dijualkan kembali. Beberapa karakteristik yang dimiliki perusahaan manufaktur seperti mengolah bahan baku menjadi bahan jadi, konsumen tidak perlu ikut berpartisipasi dalam proses pembuatan, wujud pasti dari hasil produksi, dan adanya ketergantungan konsumen dalam mencari produk lagi (Supriyanto, 2013). Perusahaan Manufaktur terdapat beberapa macam sektor. Hal ini terdiri dari sektor semen, sektor logam, sektor makanan ternak, sektor alat berat dan mesin, sektor makanan dan minuman, sektor kosmetik, sektor otomotif dan lain sebagainya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 406,
"width": 454,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sektor industri manufaktur terus memberikan berkontribusi yang besar bagi Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) Indonesia, bahkan di saat Indonesia menghadapi puncak pandemi akibat dari Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Pandemi ini terjadi pada tahun 2020- 2021 silam. Berdasarkan data yang dari Kementerian Perindustrian, industri manufaktur pada tahun 2020 mencatatkan PDB sebesar Rp 2.760,43 Triliun dan pada tahun 2021 mencapai Rp 2.946,9 Triliun yang di mana meningkat sebesar 6,75% (www.kemenperin.go.id). Di samping itu, sektor industri manufaktur pada tahun 2020 juga berkontribusi besar di Indonesia yang mencapai 19,8%. Angka ini bahkan melampaui kontribusi industri manufaktur di dunia ini sebesar 16,5% (www.kemenperin.go.id).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 531,
"width": 454,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada tahun 2022, kinerja dari industri manufaktur terus memberikan sinyal positif yang di mana juga searah dengan Indeks Kepercayaan Industri (IKI) manufaktur Indonesia pada level ekspansif. Hasil IKI manufaktur di Indonesia menempati angka 51,54 yang mengalami kenaikan sebesar 1,25% dibanding IKI manufaktur Desember 2022 pada angka 50,9. Hasil ini dilansir dari data Kementerian Perindustrian Republik Indonesia. Menurut data dari Badan Pusat Statistik, sektor manufaktur yang terdiri dari makanan dan minuman, alat angkutan, dan logam dasar bertumbuh dan menjadi kontributor ekonomi di Indonesia pada tahun 2022 (www. kemenperin.go.id).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 641,
"width": 454,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Melihat kinerja perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia terus berkembang, dapat dikatakan juga bahwasanya kinerja perusahaan dapat menjadi tolak ukur dari keberhasilan perusahaan dari segi keuangan, manajemen, pajak, maupun nilai dari perusahaan tersebut. Kinerja suatu perusahaan selalu menunjukkan kemampuan perusahaan tersebut dalam mengelola perusahaan (Hidayat et al., 2021). Dengan adanya kerja sama antara manajemen perusahaan dengan pemangku kepentingan lainnya dalam membuat kebijakan dalam mencapai profit, maka akan meningkat pula nilai perusahaan tersebut (Amaliyah & Herwiyanti, 2019). Kinerja suatu perusahaan dapat dipengaruhi oleh tata kelola perusahaan tersebut. Apabila suatu perusahaan dengan daya kelola yang baik, maka akan menarik minat investor dalam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 39,
"width": 407,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Juliani, Candra, & Yanto | Kinerja Perusahaan Manufaktur di Indonesia Ditinjau dari Karakteristik Dewan Direksi, Komite Audit, dan Kepemilikan",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 243,
"top": 776,
"width": 288,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Global Financial Accounting Journal, Vol 7 (2), Page 197",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 454,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "investasi. Namun sebaliknya, apabila suatu perusahaan dengan daya kelola yang buruk maka akan mempengaruhi terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan tersebut (Nugroho, 2014). Dengan pengelolaan yang buruk dapat membuka pintu bagi para pengelola untuk bertingkah merugikan perusahaan dengan mencari kecurangan. Nilai perusahaan merupakan tolak ukur investor melalui harga saham perusahaan untuk melihat keberhasilan perusahaan dalam mencapai visi misinya dalam mengendalikan kekayaan yang dikuasai (Saifi & Hidayat, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 172,
"width": 454,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tata kelola perusahaan (Good Corporate Governance) dapat dijelaskan sebagai dalam mengendalikan, memantau, mengarahkan dan mengevaluasi perusahaan untuk mencapai tujuan perusahaan adanya struktur, sistem dan mekanisme yang digunakan (Rachman, 2020). Di Indonesia, dalam pengelolaan perusahaan menganut sistem two-tier . Sistem two-tier yaitu sistem yang fungsi pengawasan dan fungsi pengelolaannya secara terpisah. Hal ini yang memangku fungsi pengawasan ialah Dewan Komisaris, sedangkan yang melaksanakan fungsi pengelolaan ialah Dewan Direksi (Nasseri, 2021). Secara kenyataan yang terjadi di lapangan dengan perusahaan yang menerapkan sistem two-tier , karena tata kelola yang buruk bisa menyebabkan terjadi krisis ekonomi. Kinerja perusahaan yang bertentangan dengan prinsip GCG biasanya turut akan dipertanyakan dari pihak masyarakat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 310,
"width": 454,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Salah satu pelanggaran prinsip Good Corporate Governance oleh mantan Direktur Utama PT Grand Kartech Tbk. Perusahaan manufaktur ini bergerak di bidang mesin dan alat berat dan mulai beroperasional secara komersial pada tahun 1991. Kenneth Sutardja selaku Direktur Utama dan pemegang 10.000 saham Grand Kartech melakukan pelanggaran dalam menjalankan tugas pengurusan perseroan. Pada tahun 2019, Kenneth Sutardja memberikan uang sebesar Rp 101.540.000,- kepada Wisnu Kuncoro untuk menyetujui proyek penyediaan boiler yang berjumlah 2 unit dengan ukuran 35-ton dengan anggaran Rp 24 miliar. Hal ini menyebabkan PT Grand Kartech dinyatakan pailit karena tidak mampu membayar utang- utang dari kreditornya pada 28 Juni 2019 (www.cnbcindonesia.com).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 434,
"width": 454,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Selain kasus suap PT Grand Kartech Tbk, PT Waskita Beton Precast Tbk juga terdapat kasus korupsi yang melibatkan Jarot Subana selaku Direktur Utama pada tahun 2020. Jarot melakukan penghimpunan dana “ non budgeter ” dengan membuat kontrak pekerjaan subkontraktor palsu pada proyek yang dikerjakan perusahaannya, yang sebenarnya sudah dikerjakan oleh perusahaan lain. Kasus korupsi ini menyebabkan kerugian negara sebesar 202 miliar rupiah berdasarkan putusan Mahkamah Agung (MA) pada tanggal 22 Februari 2022 (www.beritasatu.com).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 531,
"width": 457,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan kasus yang telah dijabarkan, dilakukan pengembangan dari model penelitian terdahulu dengan menggabungkan keistimewaan dari karakteristik dewan direksi, komite audit serta kepemilikan saham menjadi variabel independen untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat dampak dalam kinerja perusahaan khususnya pada perusahaan bidang manufaktur di Indonesia melalui Return on Assets (ROA) dan Tobins’Q. Hal ini dikarenakan, dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia, kinerja manufaktur di Indonesia memiliki peranan yang sangat penting (Silalahi, 2014). Hal ini dibuktikan dengan tercapainya PMI manufaktur Indonesia di level ekspansi dalam beberapa waktu kebelakang (Budi & Maryono, 2022). Disamping itu adanya perbedaan pengukuran dalam variabel kinerja perusahaan untuk melihat lebih spesifik dari dua sisi yaitu tingkat pengembalian dari aset melalui laba perusahaan sendiri, dengan market value dari perusahaan yang dibandingkan dengan replacement value dari aset perusahaan yang kedepannya diharapkan mampu menumbuhkan potensi investasi (Poluan et al., 2019). Dewan direksi, komite audit dan kepemilikan memiliki peran dan fungsi yang berbeda, sehingga dilakukan penelitian ini untuk melihat pengaruh variabel tersebut terhadap kinerja perusahaan manufaktur menggunakan sampel dan rentang waktu yang sama.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 39,
"width": 407,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Juliani, Candra, & Yanto | Kinerja Perusahaan Manufaktur di Indonesia Ditinjau dari Karakteristik Dewan Direksi, Komite Audit, dan Kepemilikan",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 243,
"top": 776,
"width": 288,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Global Financial Accounting Journal, Vol 7 (2), Page 198",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 454,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dengan demikian, permasalahan dalam penelitian ini dapat dirumuskan sebagai apakah dewan direksi independen, ukuran dewan direksi, jumlah pertemuan dewan direksi, komite audit independen, ukuran komite audit, jumlah pertemuan komite audit, konsentrasi kepemilikan, kepemilikan keluarga, dan kepemilikan manajerial terhadap kinerja perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan pengaruh dewan direksi independen, ukuran dewan direksi, jumlah pertemuan dewan direksi, komite audit independen, ukuran komite audit, jumlah pertemuan komite audit, konsentrasi kepemilikan, kepemilikan keluarga dan kepemilikan manajerial terhadap kinerja perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 213,
"width": 328,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KAJIAN LITERATUR DAN PENGEMBANGAN HIPOTESIS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 227,
"width": 78,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Agency Theory",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 241,
"width": 454,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Teori keagenan menjadi basis penelitian yang kuat dalam disiplin keuangan dan akuntansi (Puspita et al., 2021). Asal muasal teori ini dimulai dari terpisahnya kepemilikan perusahaan akibat dari semakin banyaknya pengelolaan dalam suatu perusahaan. Teori agensi/teori keagenan merupakan suatu teori yang mengaitkan antara prinsipal dan agensi (Endiana & Suryandari, 2021). Dimana dalam teori ini menjelaskan bahwa adanya keterikatan dalam suatu kontrak antara satu orang/lebih sebagai prinsipal dengan agen sebagai pihak yang diatur dalam membuat keputusan-keputusan yang baik bagi prinsipal tersebut. Permasalahan antara prinsipal dan keagenan dapat muncul dalam sebuah bentuk yang dinamakan Moral Hazard (Fatiha Kurniadi & Urip Wardoyo, 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 379,
"width": 89,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Signaling Theory",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 393,
"width": 454,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Teori signal merupakan teori memberikan pedoman kepada para investor dengan cara memberikan informasi berupa laporan keuangan perusahaan (Sari et al., 2022). Menjelaskan mengenai bagaimana suatu perusahaan manajemen dalam memandang prospek perusahaan tersebut. Tujuan dari teori ini agar pihak eksternal/para investor mengetahui jelas perusahaan tersebut di masa yang akan datang (Yasar et al., 2020). Teori ini juga dapat memberikan kepercayaan bagi investor terhadap perusahaan tersebut sehingga tidak memberikan penilaian yang rendah dan citra perusahaan (Sinta Dewi & Ekadjaja, 2020). Signal yang dimaksudkan dalam teori ini yaitu terdapat pada informasi yang diterima oleh para investor, apakah baik ( good news ) atau buruk ( bad news ). Dalam hal ini, para investor dapat melihat dan menganalisa apakah perusahaan tersebut dapat dipercaya sehingga berminat untuk menanam saham/modal di perusahaan tersebut (Setiawanta & Hakim, 2019).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 558,
"width": 356,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Dewan Direksi Independen Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 572,
"width": 454,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Masitoh & Hidayah (2018), Naimah & Hamidah (2017) menyatakan kinerja perusahaan memiliki pengaruh berbalikan dengan dewan direksi independen dikarenakan perbandingan dewan direksi independen di suatu perusahaan sangat rendah. Sehingga, hal ini membuat dewan direksi independen belum maksimal dalam menjalankan fungsi sebagai penyeimbang antar lainnya, serta belum maksimal menjalankan perannya dalam mencegah benturan antar kepentingan di dalam perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 655,
"width": 454,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Selain itu, adapun penelitian lainnya yang menunjukkan hasil yang tidak sejalan dengan sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian dari Mao-Feng, Hodgkinson, Jaafar (2019), Pucheta-Martínez & Gallego-Álvarez, (2020), Musallam (2020) dewan direksi independen mempengaruhi kinerja perusahaan secara positif, karena berdasarkan perannya dewan direksi independen bertindak sebagai penyeimbang dari pemangku kepentingan pemegang saham mayoritas maupun minoritas, dewan yang terafiliasi dengan perusahaan serta masyarakat. Hal ini didukung Bhat, Chen, Jebran, Bhutto (2018) karena dewan direksi independen dipercayai bersifat tidak terikat kepada pihak yang mampu mempengaruhi kemampuannya dalam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 39,
"width": 407,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Juliani, Candra, & Yanto | Kinerja Perusahaan Manufaktur di Indonesia Ditinjau dari Karakteristik Dewan Direksi, Komite Audit, dan Kepemilikan",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 243,
"top": 776,
"width": 288,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Global Financial Accounting Journal, Vol 7 (2), Page 199",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 454,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "membuat keputusan atau bertindak spontan terhadap perusahaannya. Penelitian yang dilakukan Femi Ogunsanwo (2019), Mishra & Kapil (2018) juga mendapatkan hasil signifikan positif karena direktur independen dapat membantu perusahaan mengurangi biaya agensi, biaya yang digunakan untuk mengawasi manajer dalam mengelola perusahaan agar tidak terjadi benturan kepentingan antara eksekutif dan shareholder . H 1 : Dewan Direksi Independen berhubungan signifikan negatif terhadap kinerja perusahaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 172,
"width": 335,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Ukuran Dewan Direksi Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 185,
"width": 454,
"height": 191,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Zhou et al. (2018), Mishra & Kapil (2018), Djashan & Agustinus, (2020) menyatakan adanya pengaruh positif antara ukuran dewan direksi terhadap kinerja perusahaan. Jumlah dewan direksi mempengaruhi direksi dalam mengawasi, mengontrol, dan mengkoordinasi seluruh aktivitas yang dilakukan dalam mencapai visi misi perusahaannya. Hal ini juga didukung oleh Pucheta-Martínez & Gallego-Álvarez (2020) karena masing-masing direksi dalam membuat kebijakan dan rencana dalam mengkoordinasikan kekayaan. Alqatan et al (2019) juga mendukung dengan menambahkan kepercayaan pada teori \"akses sumber daya\". Teori ini dijelaskan dengan aspek kontekstual dari lingkungan bisnis di mana direktur menyediakan hubungan dengan sumber daya eksternal yang dimiliki. Selain itu, Hassan et al., (2018), Felix Eluyela et al., (2018) dan Kao et al., (2019) menunjukkan kinerja perusahaan dipengaruhi secara signifikan negatif oleh ukuran dewan direksi. Pengaruh ini dapat dijelaskan dengan jumlah direksi yang tidak tetap dalam setiap perusahaan, besaran ukuran dewan direksi berbanding lurus terhadap efektivitas dalam pengambilan keputusan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 379,
"width": 454,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berbanding terbalik dengan penelitian sebelumnya dari Bhat et al., (2018) , Wang et al., (2020), dan Naimah & Hamidah, (2017) menunjukkan kinerja perusahaan tidak dipengaruhi oleh ukuran dewan direksi. Karena masing-masing perusahaan mempunyai problematik yang berbeda-beda termasuk jumlah anggota direksi, sehingga belum tentu bisa memaksimalkan sumber daya yang tersedia di perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 448,
"width": 425,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "H 2 : Ukuran Dewan Direksi berhubungan signifikan positif terhadap kinerja perusahaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 475,
"width": 393,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Jumlah Pertemuan Dewan Direksi Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 489,
"width": 454,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil penelitian dari Bhat et al., (2018) dan Wang et al., (2020) membuktikan jumlah pertemuan dewan direksi tidak memiliki pengaruh berarti terhadap kinerja perusahaan, dikarenakan pertemuan yang sering dilakukan oleh dewan direksi, memerlukan biaya dan waktu yang cukup besar, waktu dan biaya yang dikeluarkan dalam pertemuan belum bisa menghasilkan hasil rapat yang efektif dan efisien.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 558,
"width": 454,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Akan tetapi, hasil penelitian yang berlawanan dengan penelitian sebelumnya dari Al Farooque et al., (2020) menunjukkan kinerja perusahaan dan jumlah pertemuan dewan direksi memiliki hubungan selaras karena kegiatan yang menyatukan para dewan direksi untuk bertukar pengalaman dan keterampilan direksi dalam mengawasi pelaksana perusahaan. Penelitian ini didukung oleh Felix et al (2018), Mishra & Kapil, (2018), Hussain et al (2019) dan Puni & Anlesinya (2020). Frekuensi rapat dewan membantu anggota dewan untuk mendapat informasi yang benar tentang kegiatan organisasi untuk memberikan kontribusi kuota dalam pengambilan keputusan strategis. Kontribusi yang dilakukan oleh dewan direksi melalui rapat juga dapat menjadi sarana untuk mengontrol dan mencegah masalah keagenan sesuai dengan kebijakan dan strategi dari program tindakan manajerial sendiri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 710,
"width": 454,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "H 3 : Jumlah Pertemuan Dewan Direksi berhubungan signifikan negatif terhadap kinerja perusahaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 751,
"width": 350,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Komite Audit Independen Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 39,
"width": 407,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Juliani, Candra, & Yanto | Kinerja Perusahaan Manufaktur di Indonesia Ditinjau dari Karakteristik Dewan Direksi, Komite Audit, dan Kepemilikan",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 243,
"top": 776,
"width": 288,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Global Financial Accounting Journal, Vol 7 (2), Page 200",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 454,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Musallam (2020) menyatakan komite audit independen memberikan efek positif terhadap kinerja perusahaan. Hasilnya sesuai dengan gagasan independen dari komite audit di perusahaan yaitu mampu meningkatkan efektivitas komite audit dan mengarah ke kinerja yang lebih baik. Hasil ini juga didukung oleh Ali & Amir (2018) karena informasi kepada pihak yang berafiliasi dengan otoritas manajemen dalam merancang struktur komite audit, sehingga membantu dalam membuat kombinasi yang baik dari elemen komite audit untuk kinerja perusahaan yang lebih baik (Alqatamin, 2018) dan (Dakhlallh M, Rashid N, Wan A, Al Shehab, 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 185,
"width": 454,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil penelitian yang berlawanan dengan penelitian sebelumnya, oleh Al Farooque et al (2020) menerangkan bahwa pengaruh komite audit independen tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja perusahaan di Thailand.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 227,
"width": 436,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "H 4 : Komite Audit Independen berhubungan signifikan positif terhadap kinerja perusahaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 254,
"width": 330,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Ukuran Komite Audit Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 268,
"width": 454,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil penelitian dati Alqatamin (2018) mendapatkan hasil penelitian bahwa kinerja perusahaan dipengaruhi secara signifikan positif oleh ukuran komite audit. Hasil ini juga didukung oleh Dakhlallh et al (2020) dan Musallam (2020) karena hasil ini konsisten dengan sumber daya perspektif teori ketergantungan yang di mana menunjukkan bahwa komite audit dalam menggunakan sumber daya untuk mengatasi masalah meningkat, ukuran komite audit juga ikut meningkat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 351,
"width": 454,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Akan tetapi, hasil penelitian yang menunjukkan perbedaan dengan sebelumnya oleh Al Farooque et al (2020) menyatakan bahwa kinerja perusahaan di Thailand tidak dipengaruhi oleh ukuran komite. Ali & Amir, (2018) menyatakan kinerja perusahaan dipengaruhi secara signifikan dan negatif oleh ukuran komite audit. Hal ini membuat perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang ukuran audit komite.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 420,
"width": 416,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "H 5 : Ukuran Komite Audit berhubungan signifikan positif terhadap kinerja perusahaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 448,
"width": 388,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Jumlah Pertemuan Komite Audit Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 462,
"width": 454,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Al Farooque et al. (2020) membuktikan jumlah pertemuan komite audit berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap kinerja perusahaan. Karena dalam berbagi pengalaman dan keterampilan di antara anggota komite dan kerja sama antara komite audit dan auditor harus dilakukan melalui rapat komite audit. Hasil penelitian ini didukung oleh Musallam, (2020) dan Naimah & Hamidah (2017). Dalam hal akuntansi, pembentukan pertemuan komite audit akan meningkatkan akurasi dan kualitas data keuangan dan akan memastikan investor bahwa pengungkapan dan pelaporan pejabat berada di bawah pengawasan dan kontrol yang lebih besar (Tawfeeq Yousif Alabdullah & Ries Ahmed, 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 572,
"width": 454,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil penelitian yang menunjukkan berlawanan dengan penelitian sebelumnya oleh Alqatamin (2018), menyatakan bahwa kinerja perusahaan tidak dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh jumlah pertemuan komite audit. Adapun Ali & Amir (2018) dan Bagais and Aljaaidi, (2020) menyatakan jumlah pertemuan komite audit berkorelasi negatif terhadap kinerja perusahaan karena adanya persyaratan biaya tambahan untuk mengadakan rapat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 641,
"width": 454,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "H 6 : Jumlah Pertemuan Komite Audit berhubungan signifikan positif terhadap kinerja perusahaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 682,
"width": 347,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Konsentrasi Kepemilikan Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 696,
"width": 454,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian Hussain et al (2019) memberikan bukti adanya pengaruh yang sejalan antara konsentrasi kepemilikan dan kinerja perusahaan, dengan dibuktikan adanya konsentrasi kepemilikan perusahaan sendiri mampu minimalis konflik antara agent dan principal. Hasil penelitian ini didukung oleh Puni & Anlesinya (2020), Altaf & Shah, (2018) dan Yopie & Andriani (2021) karena para kepemilikan yang terkonsentrasi akan menggunakan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 39,
"width": 407,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Juliani, Candra, & Yanto | Kinerja Perusahaan Manufaktur di Indonesia Ditinjau dari Karakteristik Dewan Direksi, Komite Audit, dan Kepemilikan",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 243,
"top": 776,
"width": 288,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Global Financial Accounting Journal, Vol 7 (2), Page 201",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 453,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "wewenangnya untuk mendisiplinkan atau mengawasi pengelola perusahaan. Dengan demikian, mengurangi masalah keagenan yang ditimbulkan oleh pemisahan kepemilikan dan kontrol.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 116,
"width": 454,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil penelitian yang berlawanan oleh Al Farooque et al., (2020) menyatakan hubungan konsentrasi kepemilikan dan kinerja perusahaan tidak berkorelasi dan Lestari & Juliarto (2017), membuktikan konsentrasi kepemilikan berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap kinerja perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 172,
"width": 433,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "H 7 : Konsentrasi kepemilikan berhubungan signifikan positif terhadap kinerja perusahaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 199,
"width": 333,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Kepemilikan Keluarga Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 213,
"width": 454,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil penelitian dari Patrisia, Fitra, Febrianti, (2019), menyatakan bahwa kinerja perusahaan dipengaruhi secara signifikan dan negatif oleh kategori kepemilikan keluarga karena kepemilikan keluarga yang besar akan lebih mementingkan nilai non keuangan dalam pengambilan keputusan dibandingkan kinerja perusahaan. Hasil ini juga didukung oleh Mathova, Dedy, Putri (2017) karena penerus keluarga yang tidak memikirkan kinerja perusahaannya sehingga tidak memiliki jiwa kompeten serta hanya mengambil keuntungan dari perusahaan. Tonggano & Jogi C, (2017). Kao et al., (2019), menyatakan bahwa kepemilikan keluarga kinerja perusahaan dipengaruhi secara signifikan positif oleh terhadap kinerja perusahaan, hal ini dikarenakan perusahaan keluarga tidak perlu mengeluarkan biaya- biaya agensi yang signifikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 351,
"width": 454,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil penelitian yang menunjukkan berlawanan dengan hasil penelitian ini oleh Pratiwi & Aligarh (2021) dan Al Farooque et al., (2020) menunjukkan bahwa kinerja perusahaan tidak dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh kepemilikan keluarga karena dibuktikan dengan adanya langkah-langkah tata kelola yang tidak terlalu efektif dalam mengurangi konflik keagenan dengan adanya terkonsentrasi atau kepemilikan keluarga, karena kepemilikan keluarga dapat memanipulasi tindakan tata kelola dengan kontrol suara yang tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 434,
"width": 423,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "H 8 : Kepemilikan keluarga berhubungan signifikan negatif terhadap kinerja perusahaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 462,
"width": 343,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Kepemilikan Manajerial Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 475,
"width": 454,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Al Farooque et al (2020) menyatakan bahwa kepemilikan manajerial memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap kinerja perusahaan. Hasil ini dijelaskan dengan adanya pendorong insentif manajerial berbasis ekuitas untuk meningkatkan kinerja dan mengurangi biaya agensi. Hasil penelitian ini didukung oleh Lestari & Juliarto, (2017) dan Yusra et al (2019).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 544,
"width": 454,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adapun hasil penelitian yang berlawanan dari Doorasamy, (2021) dan Wang et al (2020), yang menyatakan bahwa kinerja perusahaan dipengaruhi secara signifikan negatif oleh kepemilikan manajerial karena mengimplikasikan bahwa perusahaan yang dikelola oleh pemilik dapat menggunakan modal hutang secara efektif untuk meningkatkan nilai pemilik dan memungkinkan manajer untuk mengejar keputusan yang hanya memenuhi kepentingan pemilik perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 627,
"width": 426,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "H 9 : Kepemilikan manajerial berhubungan signifikan positif terhadap kinerja perusahaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 655,
"width": 134,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 669,
"width": 454,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dalam hal ini, metode yang diimplementasikan peneliti ialah kategori penelitian kuantitatif, yakni mengumpulkan data-data yang telah ada sebelumnya (Ahmad & Muslimah, 2021). Tujuan dari metodologi ini yaitu untuk membuat rekonstruksi terhadap masalah secara sistematis dan objektif. Objek yang digunakan berupa perusahaan manufaktur yang telah listing di Indoesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Berikut kriteria dalam pemilihan sampel, yakni: 1. Listing di IDX pada tahun 2018 - 2022.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 39,
"width": 407,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Juliani, Candra, & Yanto | Kinerja Perusahaan Manufaktur di Indonesia Ditinjau dari Karakteristik Dewan Direksi, Komite Audit, dan Kepemilikan",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 243,
"top": 776,
"width": 288,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Global Financial Accounting Journal, Vol 7 (2), Page 202",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 454,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Adanya penyampaian annual report dan financial report selama periode 2018 sampai dengan tahun 2022.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 103,
"width": 332,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Laporan tidak disajikan dalam mata uang asing selain Rupiah.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 116,
"width": 214,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Adanya laporan auditor independent .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 144,
"width": 454,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peneliti menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data yang secara tidak langsung atau data sekunder yang dikumpulkan dari situs IDX dimana telah memuat laporan keuangan yang diinginkan dari tahun 2018 - 2022.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 185,
"width": 457,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini mengolah data dengan menggunakan EViews 12 dan uji outlier menggunakan IBM SPSS Statistics 25. Tujuannya agar menguji hipotesis yang diasumsikan tersebut apakah terbukti benar. Analisis regresi panel adalah metode analisis yang digunakan peneliti. Hal yang dilakukan pertama kali yaitu dengan melakukan uji outlier untuk menunjukkan data yang nilainya berbeda jauh dari nilai rata-rata dan dilanjutkan dengan analisis statistik deskriptif. Selanjutnya dilakukan pemilihan model terbaik antara Pooled Least Square (PLS), Fixed Effect Model (FEM),dan Random Effect Model (REM) melalui uji chow dan uji hausman dan diikuti oleh uji F, uji t, dan uji R.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 306,
"width": 148,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 1. Pengukuran Variabel",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 321,
"width": 444,
"height": 376,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Label Variabel Metode Pengukuran Dependen Kinerja Perusahaan Tobin's Q Tobin's Q Nilai pasar saham dibagi dengan kekayaan bersih perusahaan ROA ROA ( Return on Assets ) Laba bersih dibagi dengan total aset Independen DDI Dewan Direksi Independen Proporsi dewan direksi independen UDD Ukuran Dewan Direksi Jumlah anggota dewan direksi JPDD Jumlah Pertemuan Dewan Direksi Jumlah pertemuan dalam 1 tahun KAI Komite Audit Independen Proporsi komite audit independen UKA Ukuran Komite Audit Jumlah anggota komite audit JPKA Jumlah Pertemuan Komite Audit Jumlah pertemuan dalam 1 tahun KSK Konsentrasi Kepemilikan Proporsi saham yang dimiliki oleh lima pemegang saham terbesar dibagi dengan jumlah saham beredar KKG Kepemilikan Keluarga Jumlah pemegang saham individual/perusahaan non Tbk yang memiliki proporsi saham >20% dibagi dengan jumlah saham beredar KMJ Kepemilikan Manajerial Proporsi saham yang dimiliki oleh eksekutif/ manajer dibagi dengan jumlah saham beredar Kontrol UP Ukuran Perusahaan Logaritma natural dari nilai buku aset LVR Leverage Total liabilitas dibagi dengan total aset RI Rasio Investasi Capital Expenditure dibagi total aset Sumber : Data Diolah (2023)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 714,
"width": 235,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 727,
"width": 183,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 2 . Hasil Uji Statistik Deskriptif",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 163,
"top": 741,
"width": 326,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "MEAN MAX MIN STD DEV N",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 39,
"width": 407,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Juliani, Candra, & Yanto | Kinerja Perusahaan Manufaktur di Indonesia Ditinjau dari Karakteristik Dewan Direksi, Komite Audit, dan Kepemilikan",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 243,
"top": 776,
"width": 288,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Global Financial Accounting Journal, Vol 7 (2), Page 203",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 75,
"width": 417,
"height": 240,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ROA 0.039385 1.375677 -1.049837 0.130295 615 TOBINS’Q 1.596011 27.13181 0.157789 1.762784 615 DDI 0.179635 0.666667 0.000000 0.156273 615 UDD 4.720325 13.00000 2.000000 2.200050 615 JPDD 15.05366 60.00000 0.000000 8.977825 615 KAI 0.812331 1.000000 0.000000 0.296635 615 UKA 3.029268 5.000000 2.000000 0.300578 615 JPKA 6.492683 39.00000 0.000000 5.182613 615 KSK 0.755098 0.997112 0.178793 0.157843 615 KKG 0.533345 0.997112 0.000000 0.301990 615 KMJ 0.042445 0.894444 0.000000 0.131068 615 UP (Rp Jutaan) 12,823,148 413,297,000 43,083 40,366,101 615 LVR 0.500067 4.098799 0.002479 0.432820 615 RI 0.037786 0.348229 0.000000 0.045236 615",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 324,
"width": 147,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sumber : Data Diolah (2023)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 352,
"width": 454,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan tabel 2, ROA menunjukkan nilai minimum yang dikarenakan perusahaan mengalami kerugian yang besar akibat dari pandemi COVID-19. Sedangkan pencapaian nilai maksimun dikarenakan adanya kenaikan pendapatan pada sektor tertentu yang berhasil tercapainya efisiensi dalam mengelola dan penggunaan aset perusahaan. Tobins’Q menunjukkan nilai terendah karena perusahaan mengalami penurunan laba, penurunan aset, dan liabilitas. Secara keseluruhan, perusahaan manufaktur di bidang bisnis tertentu menunjukkan belum adanya kepastian untuk prospek kedepan. Disamping itu, adanya perusahaan yang memiliki perbandingan aset dan liabilitas yang cukup jauh dan market price yang mendukung membuat Tobins’Q tercatat cukup tinggi. Sehingga, perusahaan manufaktur di BEI dinilai memiliki potensi pertumbuhan yang baik. Hal ini dapat menjadi daya tarik investor untuk berinvestasi di perusahaan manufaktur Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 504,
"width": 454,
"height": 231,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dewan direksi independen menunjukkan nilai minimum dan nilai maksimum yang tercatat karena masih ada beberapa perusahaan yang tidak memiliki dewan direksi independen. Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) tidak lagi mewajibkan perusahaan publik untuk menambahkan direktur independen sebagai manajemennya karena sudah diwakilkan oleh komisaris independen. Ukuran dewan direksi menunjukkan nilai minimum dan maksimum dengan rata-rata 4-5 orang. Hal ini dikarenakan berdasarkan “UU No.40 Tahun 2007 tentang Anggaran Dasar Perseroan”, Perseroan Terbuka wajib memiliki minimal 2 orang direksi. Sedangkan Jumlah pertemuan dewan direksi menunjukkan nilai terendah yang belum memenuhi persyaratan dan tercatat nilai maksimum karena adanya persyaratan dewan direksi wajib melakukan pertemuan setidaknya satu kali dalam satu bulan. Komite audit independen dan jumlah pertemuan komite audit menunjukkan nilai minimum karena adanya perusahaan yang belum mengangkat susunan komite audit yang baru sehingga belum terealisasi semuanya dan ukuran perusahaan yang belum memenuhi peryaratan. Sedangkan nilai maksimum komite audit independen, ukuran komite audit, dan jumlah pertemuan komite audit tercatat karena memenuhi peraturan “POJK Nomor 55/POJK.04/2015, anggota komite audit minimal berjumlah 3 orang, diketuai Komisaris Independen dan melakukan pertemuan setidaknya 1 kali dalam 3 bulan.”",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 738,
"width": 454,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Konsentrasi kepemilikan menunjukkan nilai terendah yang dikarenakan pemegang saham terbesar dalam perusahaan hanya memiliki sedikit proporsi saham dari total modal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 39,
"width": 407,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Juliani, Candra, & Yanto | Kinerja Perusahaan Manufaktur di Indonesia Ditinjau dari Karakteristik Dewan Direksi, Komite Audit, dan Kepemilikan",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 243,
"top": 776,
"width": 288,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Global Financial Accounting Journal, Vol 7 (2), Page 204",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 454,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "saham. Nilai maksimum tercatat karena pemegang saham terbesar dalam perusahaan hampir memiliki seluruh modal saham perusahaan. Nilai minumum kepemilikan keluarga yang tercatat pada pemegang saham perusahaan, tidak terdapat perusahaan non Tbk atau individu yang memiliki kepemilikan di perusahaan di atas 20%. Sedangkan nilai maksimum kepemilikan keluarga dicatatkan oleh perusahaan non Tbk sebagai pemegang saham yang hampir memiliki seluruh proporsi total saham perusahaan. Kepemilikan manajerial menunjukkan nilai minimum yang pemegang saham dari perusahaan tidak dimiliki oleh para direksi/eksekutif di perusahaan. Nilai maksimum yang kepemilikannya dimiliki oleh pemegang saham sekaligus yang menjabat sebagai pihak eksekutif",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 199,
"width": 454,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ukuran perusahaan menunjukkan nilai minimum karena adanya perusahaan baru melakukan Initial Public Offering (IPO) pada tahun 2018 dengan perbandingan nilai maksimum yang ditunjukkan karena adanya perolehan aset tetap baru serta perusahaan yang didirikan dan IPO sejak lama. Leverage menunjukkan nilai minimum pada perusahaan memiliki risiko yang rendah atas ketergantungan pada liabilitas untuk memperoleh aset. Nilai maksimum ditunjukkan pada perusahaan yang memiliki risiko yang tinggi, karena perusahaan memiliki hutang berlebihan dan membuat beban pembayaran hutang yang berat. Rasio investasi menunjukkan nilai minimum untuk perusahaan sepanjang tahun tidak mencatat adanya perolehan aset tetap yang menyebabkan tidak adanya rasio investasi untuk perusahaan. Nilai maksimum untuk perusahaan yang membeli aset tetap untuk digunakan pada kegiatan operasional untuk membantu meningkatkan kinerja dan mendorong pertumbuhan pasar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 379,
"width": 38,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Outlier",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 393,
"width": 453,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jumlah perusahaan yang memenuhi persyaratan sebagai sampel adalah 123 perusahaan. Data perusahaan yang dijadikan outlier dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 95 data untuk pengukuran menggunakan ROA dan 93 data untuk pengukuran Tobins’Q.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 448,
"width": 121,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji Chow Tabel 3. Hasil Uji Chow",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 476,
"width": 420,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Variabel Dependen Effect Test Prob. ROA Cross-Section Chi-Square 0.0000 Tobins’Q Cross-Section Chi-Square 0.0000 Sumber : Data Diolah (2023)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 549,
"width": 454,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nilai probabilitas dari hasil uji chow untuk variabel dependen ROA dan Tobins’Q menunjukkan 0.0000, yang di mana model terbaik untuk kedua variabel adalah FEM.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 590,
"width": 74,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji Hausman",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 604,
"width": 136,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 4. Hasil Uji Hausman",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 619,
"width": 423,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Variabel Dependen Effect Test Prob. ROA Cross-Section Random 0.7406 Tobins’Q Cross-Section Random 0.0363 Sumber : Data Diolah (2023)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 692,
"width": 454,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nilai probabilitas dari hasil uji hausman untuk variabel dependen ROA dan Tobins’Q menunjukkan 0.7406 dan 0.0363, yang di mana model terbaik untuk variabel ROA adalah REM dan variabel Tobin’s q adalah FEM .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 747,
"width": 125,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji Lagrance Multiplier",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 39,
"width": 407,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Juliani, Candra, & Yanto | Kinerja Perusahaan Manufaktur di Indonesia Ditinjau dari Karakteristik Dewan Direksi, Komite Audit, dan Kepemilikan",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 243,
"top": 776,
"width": 288,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Global Financial Accounting Journal, Vol 7 (2), Page 205",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 88,
"width": 187,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 5. Hasil Uji Lagrance Multiplier",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 104,
"width": 418,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Variabel Dependen Effect Test Prob. ROA Breusch-pagan 0.000",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 133,
"width": 147,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sumber : Data Diolah (2023)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 161,
"width": 453,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nilai probabilitas dari hasil uji LM untuk variabel dependen ROA menunjukkan 0.000, yang di mana model terbaik untuk variabel ROA adalah REM.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 202,
"width": 29,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji F",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 216,
"width": 97,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 6. Hasil Uji F",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 231,
"width": 379,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Variabel Dependen Prob. Kesimpulan ROA 0.0000 Signifikan Tobins’Q 0.0000 Signifikan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 276,
"width": 143,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sumber: Data Diolah (2023)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 302,
"width": 454,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nilai uji F menunjukkan variabel dependen ROA dan Tobin’s Q adalah 0.0000 dan 0.0000 yang di mana menjelaskan nilai f <0.05. Artinya variabel dewan direksi independen, ukuran dewan direksi, jumlah pertemuan dewan direksi, komite audit independen, ukuran komite audit, jumlah pertemuan komite audit, konsentrasi kepemilikan, kepemilikan keluarga, kepemilikan manajerial, ukuran perusahaan, leverage , dan rasio investasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel ROA dan Tobins’Q secara simultan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 401,
"width": 29,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji t",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 414,
"width": 448,
"height": 256,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Variabel Dependen ROA Tabel 7. Hasil Uji t Variabel ROA Variable Coefficient Prob. Hasil Kesimpulan C -0.202439 0.0020 DDI -0.018498 0.2434 Tidak Signifikan Ditolak UDD 8.29E-05 0.9523 Tidak Signifikan Ditolak JPDD 3.22E-05 0.9043 Tidak Signifikan Ditolak KAI -0.023168 0.0132 Signifikan Negatif Ditolak UKA -0.008699 0.2548 Tidak Signifikan Ditolak JPKA 3.10E-05 0.9473 Tidak Signifikan Ditolak KSK 0.038782 0.0424 Signifikan Positif Diterima KKG 0.012516 0.2275 Tidak Signifikan Ditolak KMJ 0.032340 0.1256 Tidak Signifikan Ditolak UP 0.024508 0.0000 LVR -0.134036 0.0000 RI 0.157091 0.0003 Sumber: Data Diolah (2023)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 684,
"width": 145,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Variabel Dependen Tobins’Q",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 697,
"width": 438,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 8. Hasil Uji t Variabel Tobins’Q Variable Coefficient Prob. Hasil Kesimpulan C 2.500.284 0.0128 DDI -0.403039 0.0089 Signifikan Negatif Diterima",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 39,
"width": 407,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Juliani, Candra, & Yanto | Kinerja Perusahaan Manufaktur di Indonesia Ditinjau dari Karakteristik Dewan Direksi, Komite Audit, dan Kepemilikan",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 243,
"top": 776,
"width": 288,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Global Financial Accounting Journal, Vol 7 (2), Page 206",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 77,
"width": 382,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "UDD 0.019831 0.2256 Tidak Signifikan Ditolak JPDD -0.001392 0.6106 Tidak Signifikan Ditolak KAI 0.169183 0.2568 Tidak Signifikan Ditolak UKA 0.172047 0.0639 Tidak Signifikan Ditolak JPKA -0.000108 0.9792 Tidak Signifikan Ditolak KSK 0.712684 0.0063 Signifikan Positif Diterima KKG 0.167364 0.2494 Tidak Signifikan Ditolak KMJ -0.136277 0.8157 Tidak Signifikan Ditolah UP -0.258853 0.0007 LVR 0.919535 0.0000 RI 1.739.810 0.0000",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 246,
"width": 143,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sumber: Data Diolah (2023)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 271,
"width": 454,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil uji t membuktikan kinerja perusahaan melalui Tobins’Q dipengaruhi secara signifikan negatif oleh dewan direksi independen dengan angka probabilitas sebesar 0.0089, sehingga hipotesis 1 diterima. Hasil ini didukung oleh Masitoh & Hidayah (2018), Naimah & Hamidah (2017), Zhou et al., (2018), Green & Homroy, (2018) dikarenakan proporsi dewan direksi independen di suatu perusahaan sangat rendah. Sehingga, hal ini membuat dewan direksi independen belum maksimal dalam menjalankan fungsi sebagai penyeimbang antar lainnya, serta belum maksimal menjalankan perannya dalam mencegah benturan antar kepentingan dalam perusahaan antara eksekutif dan shareholder.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 384,
"width": 454,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 7 dan 8 membuktikan ukuran dewan direksi tidak berkorelasi dengan kinerja perusahaan melalui ROA dan Tobins’q dengan angka probabilitas sebesar 0.9523 dan 0.2256, sehingga hipotesis 2 ditolak. Hasil serupa ditemukan juga oleh Bhat et al., (2018) dan Wang et al., (2020) dikarenakan permasalahan yang dihadapi setiap perusahaan berbeda-beda, dengan ukuran direksi yang berbeda belum tentu bisa memaksimalkan sumber daya yang tersedia di perusahaan. Secara umum, tugas dari dewan direksi harus berusaha secara maksimal dalam menyusun dan menerapkan kebijakan yang dibuat agar perusahaan dapat meningkatkan kinerja mereka secara efektif dan efisien (Naimah & Hamidah, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 495,
"width": 454,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Probabilitas jumlah pertemuan dewan direksi adalah sebesar 0.9043 dan 0.6106, yang artinya tidak berpengaruh terhadap dependen sehingga hipotesis 3 ditolak. Hasil ini juga didukung oleh Bhat et al., (2018) dan Wang et al., (2020) dikarenakan pertemuan yang sering dilakukan oleh dewan direksi, memerlukan biaya dan waktu yang cukup besar, waktu dan biaya yang dikeluarkan dalam pertemuan belum bisa menghasilkan hasil rapat yang efektif dan efisien. Jumlah pertemuan antar direksi dalam satu tahun juga belum tentu bisa menghasilkan profitabilitas yang maksimal (Julia & Meiliana, 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 591,
"width": 454,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil pengujian terhadap komite audit independen menunjukkan angka probabilitas sebesar 0.0132, artinya variabel berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap kinerja perusahaan melalui ROA sehingga hipotesis 4 ditolak. Al Farooque et al (2020) dan Kurniawan & Asyik (2020) menerangkan bahwa hal ini terjadi sebab besar kecilnya proporsi komite audit independen dalam perusahaan belum mampu menjamin kualitas informasi keuangan yang akan mempengaruhi keputusan para pemangku kepentingan baik internal maupun eksternal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 674,
"width": 454,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ukuran komite audit tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja perusahaan melalui ROA dan Tobins’q dengan angka probabilitas sebesar 0.2548 dan 0.0639 yang ditunjukkan tabel 7 dan 8, sehingga hipotesis 5 ditolak. Hasil ini didukung oleh Al Farooque et al (2020), Naimah & Hamidah, (2017), Abdullah & Ismail, (2016) dan Nuryono et al., (2019) karena besaran ukuran komite audit tidak mampu menjamin suatu perusahaan tidak terjadi benturan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 39,
"width": 407,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Juliani, Candra, & Yanto | Kinerja Perusahaan Manufaktur di Indonesia Ditinjau dari Karakteristik Dewan Direksi, Komite Audit, dan Kepemilikan",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 243,
"top": 776,
"width": 288,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Global Financial Accounting Journal, Vol 7 (2), Page 207",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 453,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kepentingan, kecurangan, dan lain sebagainya sehingga ukuran komite audit tidak berkorelasi terhadap kinerja perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 103,
"width": 454,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil uji t menunjukkan bahwa jumlah pertemuan komite audit tidak berpengaruh signifikan signifikan terhadap kinerja perusahaan melalui ROA dan Tobins’q dengan angka probabilitas sebesar 0.9473 dan 0.9792, sehingga hipotesis 6 ditolak. Alqatamin (2018) , Ali & Amir (2018), menyatakan kondisi ini terjadi karena adanya persyaratan biaya tambahan untuk mengadakan rapat. Adapun alasan lain adalah karena pertemuan yang dilakukan antar komite audit hanya dilakukan atas regulasi yang diterbitkan oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) “No 55/POJK.04/2015 yang tentang komite audit” minimal melakukan 1 kali pertemuan dalam 3 bulan (Bagais & Aljaaidi, 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 213,
"width": 454,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hipotesis 7 dibuktikan melalui tabel 7 dan 8 yang menunjukkan angka probabilitas sebesar 0.0424 dan 0.0063 sehingga konsentrasi kepemilikan berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap kinerja perusahaan melalui ROA dan Tobins’q. Hussain et al (2019), penelitian ini membuktikan kinerja perusahaan juga dipengaruhi secara signifikan positif oleh konsentrasi kepemilikan. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan adanya konsentrasi kepemilikan perusahaan sendiri mampu minimalis konflik antara agent dan principal. Hasil penelitian ini didukung oleh Puni & Anlesinya (2020), Altaf & Shah, (2018) dan Yopie & Andriani (2021) karena para kepemilikan yang terkonsentrasi akan menggunakan wewenangnya untuk mendisiplinkan atau mengawasi pengelola perusahaan. Dengan demikian, mengurangi masalah keagenan yang ditimbulkan oleh pemisahan kepemilikan dan kontrol.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 351,
"width": 454,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kepemilikan keluarga tidak memiliki afiliasi yang signifikan terhadap kinerja perusahaan melalui ROA dan Tobins’q dengan angka probabilitas sebesar 0.2275 dan 0.2494 yang ditunjukkan pada tabel 7 dan 8 , sehingga hipotesis 8 ditolak. Pratiwi & Aligarh (2021), Abdullah & Ismail, 2016) dan Al Farooque et al., (2020) mendukung penelitian ini karena dibuktikan dengan adanya langkah-langkah tata kelola yang tidak terlalu efektif dalam mengurangi agency conflict dengan adanya terkonsentrasi atau kepemilikan keluarga, karena kepemilikan keluarga dapat memanipulasi tindakan tata kelola dengan kontrol suara yang tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 462,
"width": 454,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hipotesis 9 dibuktikan melalui tabel 7 dan 8 yang menunjukkan angka probabilitas sebesar 0.1256 dan 0.8157 sehingga kepemilikan manajerial tidak memiliki berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja perusahaan melalui ROA dan Tobins’Q, sehingga hipotesis 9 ditolak. Doorasamy, (2021) dan Wang et al (2020), mendukung penelitian ini karena mengimplikasikan bahwa perusahaan yang dikelola oleh pemilik dapat menggunakan modal hutang secara efektif untuk meningkatkan nilai pemilik dan memungkinkan manajer untuk mengejar keputusan yang hanya memenuhi kepentingan pemilik perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 572,
"width": 31,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji R",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 585,
"width": 98,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 9. Hasil Uji R",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 605,
"width": 401,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Variabel Dependen Adjusted R-Square ROA 0.358276 Tobins’Q 0.870944",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 671,
"width": 143,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sumber: Data Diolah (2023)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 698,
"width": 454,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nilai uji Adjusted R-Square menunjukkan variabel dependen ROA dan Tobin’s Q adalah 0.683857 dan 0.830746. Artinya variabel independen menjelaskan 35.82% dan 87.09% variabel dependen serta sisanya 64,18 % dan 12.91% dijelaskan oleh variabel lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 39,
"width": 407,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Juliani, Candra, & Yanto | Kinerja Perusahaan Manufaktur di Indonesia Ditinjau dari Karakteristik Dewan Direksi, Komite Audit, dan Kepemilikan",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 244,
"top": 762,
"width": 287,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Global Financial Accounting Journal, Vol 7 (2), Page 208",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 158,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 457,
"height": 370,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peneliti berhasil membuktikan bahwa kinerja perusahaan manufaktur di BEI dipengaruhi secara signifikan positif oleh konsentrasi kepemilikan melalui ROA dan Tobins’Q. Adapun kinerja perusahaan manufaktur di BEI tidak dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh variabel ukuran dewan direksi, jumlah pertemuan dewan direksi, ukuran komite audit, jumlah pertemuan komite audit, kepemilikan keluarga dan kepemilikan manajerial baik melalui ROA ataupun Tobins’Q. Di samping itu, kinerja perusahaan manufaktur di BEI dipengaruhi secara signifikan namun negatif oleh variabel dewan direksi independen melalui Tobins’Q dan komite audit independen melalui ROA. Variabel ukuran perusahaan, leverage, dan rasio investasi yang menjadi variabel kontrol dalam penelitian ini, menunjukkan hasil berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap kinerja perusahaan baik melalui ROA maupun Tobins’Q. Hasil Adjusted R-Squared menunjukkan 35.82% dan 87.09% yang menjelaskan adanya variabel lain dapat menjelaskan pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja perusahaan. Cara pengukuran dependen dapat dijadikan pertimbangan untuk peneliti selanjutnya seperti Return on Equity dan Return on Investment. Keterbatasan dalam penelitian ini adalah sampel yang hanya mengambil dari perusahaan manufaktur di BEI. Saran bagi peneliti selanjutnya yaitu dapat mempertimbangkan pengambilan sampel dari seluruh perusahaan yang ada di BEI maupun antar negara serta periode pengambilan sampel penelitian, dapat menggunakan variabel moderasi untuk mengukur lemah atau kuatnya pengaruh antara variabel dependen dan independen. Tata kelola perusahaan telah menjadi komitmen dari BEI sebagai regulator dan fasilitator untuk membuat perusahaan memiliki daya saing global. Tata kelola sangat penting dipertimbangkan dan dijalankan oleh perusahaan karena dapat membantu perusahaan dalam membuat kebijakan yang efektif dengan manajemen, proses bisnis yang efisien dan menghemat biaya, mitigasi risiko dan lain-lain. Sehingga dapat membantu perusahaan dalam membangun kepercayaan para stakeholder maupun shareholder sehingga kinerja maupun nilai dari perusahaan dapat meningkat. Dengan demikian perusahaan dapat membangun reputasi yang baik dan akan menarik calon investor yang akan berdampak pada harga saham perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 474,
"width": 113,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 488,
"width": 456,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abdullah, S. N., & Ismail, K. N. I. K. (2016). Women directors, family ownership and earnings management in Malaysia. Asian Review of Accounting , 24 (4), 525–550. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARA-07-2015-0067",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 529,
"width": 456,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ahmad, & Muslimah. (2021). Memahami Teknik Pengolahan dan Analisis Data Kualitatif. PalangkaRaya International and National Conference on Islamic Studies , 1 . Al Farooque, O., Buachoom, W., & Sun, L. (2020a). Board, audit committee, ownership and financial performance – emerging trends from Thailand. Pacific Accounting Review , 32 (1), 54–81. https://doi.org/10.1108/PAR-10-2018-0079",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 596,
"width": 456,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ali, K., & Amir, M. (2018). Impact of Audit Committee structure on firms’ value in Pakistan: Evidence from the Cement Sector. Journal of Corporate Governance Research , 2 (1), 42. https://doi.org/10.5296/jcgr.v2i1.14028",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 640,
"width": 456,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Alqatamin, R. M. (2018). Audit Committee Effectiveness and Company Performance:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 654,
"width": 421,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Evidence from Jordan. Accounting and Finance Research , 7 (2), 48. https://doi.org/10.5430/afr.v7n2p48",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 681,
"width": 456,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Alqatan, A., Chbib, I., & Hussainey, K. (2019). How does board structure impact on firm performance in the UK? Corporate Board Role Duties and Composition , 15 (2), 18– 27. https://doi.org/10.22495/cbv15i2art2",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 39,
"width": 407,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Juliani, Candra, & Yanto | Kinerja Perusahaan Manufaktur di Indonesia Ditinjau dari Karakteristik Dewan Direksi, Komite Audit, dan Kepemilikan",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 244,
"top": 762,
"width": 287,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Global Financial Accounting Journal, Vol 7 (2), Page 209",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 456,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Altaf, N., & Shah, F. A. (2018). Ownership concentration and firm performance in Indian firms: does investor protection quality matter? Journal of Indian Business Research , 10 (1), 33–52. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIBR-01-2017-0009",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 115,
"width": 456,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Amaliyah, F., & Herwiyanti, E. (2019). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Intitusional, Dewan Komisaris Independen, dan Komite Audit Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Sektor Pertambangan. Jurnal Akuntansi , 9 (3), 187–200. https://doi.org/10.33369/j.akuntansi.9.3.187-200 Bagais, O. A., & Aljaaidi, K. S. (2020). Corporate governance attributes and firm performance in Saudi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 283,
"top": 170,
"width": 38,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Arabia.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 170,
"width": 421,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Accounting , 6 (6), 931–936. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ac.2020.8.005",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 198,
"width": 456,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bhat, K. U., Chen, Y., Jebran, K., & Bhutto, N. A. (2018). Corporate governance and firm value: a comparative analysis of state and non-state owned companies in the context of Pakistan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 176,
"top": 226,
"width": 53,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Corporate",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 253,
"top": 226,
"width": 62,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Governance",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 226,
"width": 421,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(Bingley) , 18 (6), 1196–1206. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-09-2017-0208",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 253,
"width": 456,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Budi, H. D. S., & Maryono. (2022). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan, Kebijakan Dividen, dan Leverage Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2019 - 2021. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Akuntansi , 13 (4).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 308,
"width": 456,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dakhlallh, M. M., Rashid, N., Wan Abdullah, W. A., & al Shehab, H. J. (2020). Audit committee and Tobin’s Q as a measure of firm performance among Jordanian companies. Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems , 12 (1), 28–41. https://doi.org/10.5373/JARDCS/V12I1/20201005",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 364,
"width": 456,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Djashan, I. A., & Agustinus, Y. (2020). The Effect of Firm Size, Profitability, Audit Committee, and Other Factors to Firm Value. GATR Accounting and Finance Review , 5 (1), 22–27. https://doi.org/10.35609/afr.2020.5.1(3)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 405,
"width": 456,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Doorasamy, M. (2021). Capital structure, firm value and managerial ownership: Evidence from East African countries. Investment Management and Financial Innovations , 18 (1), 346–356. https://doi.org/10.21511/imfi.18(1).2021.28",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 447,
"width": 456,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Endiana, I. D. M., & Suryandari, N. N. A. (2021). Opini Going Concern: Ditinjau Dari Agensi Teori dan Pemicunya. EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan) , 5 (2), 224– 242. https://doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2021.v5.i2.4490",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 488,
"width": 456,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fatiha Kurniadi, A., & Urip Wardoyo, D. (2022). Pengaruh Karakteristik Perusahaan Terhadap Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Dalam Perspektif Teori Agensi (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2018-2020). In Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin (Vol. 1, Issue 2).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 557,
"width": 456,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Felix Eluyela, D., Oluwabusola Akintimehin, O., Ozordi, E., Oladipo, O. A., Akintimehin, O., & Okere, W. (2018). Board meeting frequency and firm performance: examining the nexus in Nigerian deposit money banks. Heliyon , 4 , 850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 612,
"width": 456,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Femi Ogunsanwo, O. (2019). Effect of Corporate Governance on Firm Performance in Nigeria. Acta Universitatis Danubius. Œconomica , 15 .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 640,
"width": 456,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Green, C. P., & Homroy, S. (2018). Female directors, board committees and firm performance.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 654,
"width": 421,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "European Economic Review , 102 , 19–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2017.12.003",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 681,
"width": 457,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hassan, M., Makhlouf, S., Kristen, U., Wacana, S., Yazis, M., & Basah, A. (2018). Board pf Directors, Firm Performance and The Moderating Role of Family Control in Jordan Developing Credit Risk Management Model for Islamic Banking in Malaysia. Article in Academy of Accounting",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 723,
"width": 91,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "and Financial",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 723,
"width": 421,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Studies Journal . https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328051963",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 39,
"width": 407,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Juliani, Candra, & Yanto | Kinerja Perusahaan Manufaktur di Indonesia Ditinjau dari Karakteristik Dewan Direksi, Komite Audit, dan Kepemilikan",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 244,
"top": 762,
"width": 287,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Global Financial Accounting Journal, Vol 7 (2), Page 210",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 456,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hendri Antoni Arif, F. (2022, February 10). Industri Manufaktur Indonesia Semakin Ekspansif . SIARAN PERS : KEMENTRIAN PERINDUSTRIAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 115,
"width": 456,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hidayat, T., Triwibowo, E., & Marpaung, N. V. (2021). Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance dan Kinerja Keuangan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Jurnal Akuntansi Bisnis Pelita Bangsa , 6 .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 157,
"width": 456,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hussain, S., Ahmad, T., & Hassan, S. (2019). Corporate Governance and Firm Performance Using GMM Investor Sentiment and Firm Downside Systematic Risk. International Journal of Information,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 291,
"top": 184,
"width": 45,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Business",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 184,
"width": 421,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "and Management , 11 (2). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345432156",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 212,
"width": 454,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Johan, S. (2021). Definisi Perseroan Terbuka atau Publik Menurut Peraturan Perundang- undangan Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 258,
"top": 226,
"width": 46,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 226,
"width": 421,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "MERCATORIA , 14 (1), 38–45. https://doi.org/10.31289/mercatoria.v14i1.4429",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 253,
"width": 456,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Julia, I., & Meiliana. (2022). Analisis Pengaruh Struktur Dewan Direksi Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan. Global Financial Accounting Journal , 06 (01).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 281,
"width": 456,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kao, M. F., Hodgkinson, L., & Jaafar, A. (2019). Ownership structure, board of directors and firm performance: evidence from Taiwan. Corporate Governance (Bingley) , 19 (1), 189–216. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-04-2018-0144",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 322,
"width": 456,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kementrian Perindustrian Republik Indonesia. (2023, February 6). Tumbuh Lampaui 5 Persen, Industri Manufaktur Berjasa Besar Katrol Kinerja Ekonomi . SIARAN PERS : KEMENTERIAN PERINDUSTRIAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 364,
"width": 456,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kurniawan, E. R., & Asyik, N. F. (2020). Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan dan Profitabilitas. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Riset Akuntansi . Lestari, N. P., & Juliarto, A. (2017). Pengaruh Dimensi Struktur Kepemilikan Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan Manufaktur. DIPONEGORO JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING , 6 (3), 1–10. http://ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/accounting Mathova, A., Dedy Perdana, H., & Putri Rahmawati, I. (2017). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Keluarga dan Good Corporate Governance Terjadap Kualitas Laba dan Kinerja Perusahaan. Soedirman Accounting Review , 2 (1), 73–100.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 474,
"width": 456,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mishra, R. K., & Kapil, S. (2018). Effect of board characteristics on firm value: evidence from India. South Asian Journal of Business Studies , 7 (1), 41–72. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAJBS-08-2016-0073",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 516,
"width": 456,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Musallam, S. R. M. (2020). Effects of board characteristics, audit committee and risk management on corporate performance: evidence from Palestinian listed companies. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management , 13 (4), 691–706. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-12-2017-0347",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 571,
"width": 456,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Naimah, Z., & Hamidah. (2017a). The Role of Corporate Governance in Firm Performance. SHS Web Conference 34 .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 598,
"width": 456,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nasseri, J. (2021). Perjanjian Pemegang Saham Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Pemangku Kepentingan lainnya Di Perusahaan. Aksara: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Nonformal , 7 (3), 1017. https://doi.org/10.37905/aksara.7.3.1017-1028.2021",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 640,
"width": 456,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nugroho, F. A. (2014). Analisis Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility dan Karakteristik Good Corporate Governance Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan . Nuryono, M., Wijayanti, A., & Chomsatu S, Y. (2019). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Manajerial, Kepemilikan Intitusional, Komisaris Independen, Komite Audit, Serta Kualitas Audit pada Nilai Perusahaan. Edunomika , 03 (01), 199–212.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 709,
"width": 456,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Patrisia, D., Fitra, H., & Febrianti, L. (2019). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Keluarga dan Kepemilikan Intitusional Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Dan Bisnis , 4 (2). http://journal.undiknas.ac.id/index.php/manajemen",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 39,
"width": 407,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Juliani, Candra, & Yanto | Kinerja Perusahaan Manufaktur di Indonesia Ditinjau dari Karakteristik Dewan Direksi, Komite Audit, dan Kepemilikan",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 244,
"top": 762,
"width": 287,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Global Financial Accounting Journal, Vol 7 (2), Page 211",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 456,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Poluan, S. J., Octavianus, R. J. N., & Prabowo, E. A. (2019). Analisis EVA, MVA, dan Tobin’s Q Terhadap Harga Saham Emiten di BEI Periode 2012-2016. Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi, Dan Perpajakan , 2 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 115,
"width": 456,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pratiwi, H. R., & Aligarh, F. (2021). Pengaruh Koneksi Politik, Kepemilikan Keluarga, Ukuran Perusahaan, Dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. JAPP: Jurnal Akuntansi, Perpajakan, Dan Portofolio , 1 (1), 12–22.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 157,
"width": 456,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pucheta-Martínez, M. C., & Gallego-Álvarez, I. (2020). Do board characteristics drive firm performance? An international perspective. Review of Managerial Science , 14 (6), 1251–1297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-019-00330-x",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 198,
"width": 456,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Puni, A., & Anlesinya, A. (2020). Corporate governance mechanisms and firm performance in a developing country. International Journal of Law and Management , 62 (2), 147– 169. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-03-2019-0076",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 239,
"width": 456,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Puspita, T. P., Amin, M., & Hariri. (2021). Pengaruh Karakteristik Perusahaan Terhadap Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility Pada Perusahaan Pertambangan Dalam Perspektif Teori Agensi (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Pertambangan yang Terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2017 -2019). E- Jurnal Ilmiah Riset Akuntansi , 10 (07), 50–62. Rachman, M. Z. (2020). Pengaruh Tata Kelola Perusahaan Terhadap Manajemen Laba pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Emerging Markets : Business and",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 322,
"width": 421,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Management Studies Journal , 7 (2), 125–135. https://doi.org/10.33555/ijembm.v7i2.122",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 350,
"width": 456,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Saifi, M., & Hidayat, R. R. (2017). Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan (Studi pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Food and Beverages yang Terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2012-2015). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis , 53 . Sandria, F. (2021, July 2). Pailit-Eks Dirut Terbukti Suap, Mirisnya Nasib Grand Kartech . CNBC INDONESIA.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 419,
"width": 456,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sari, D. P., Depamela, F. L., Wibowo, L. E., & Febriani, N. (2022). Implementasi Teori Agensi, Efisiensi Pasar, Teori Sinyal dan Teori Kontrak dalam Pelaporan Akuntansi Pada PT. Eskimo Wieraperdana. Research Gate .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 458,
"width": 456,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Setiawanta, Y., & Hakim, A. (2019). Apakah sinyal kinerja keuangan masih terkonfirmasi? : Studi empiris lembaga keuangan di PT. BEI. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis , 22 (2).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 488,
"width": 456,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Silalahi, S. A. F. (2014). Kondisi Industri Manufaktur Indonesia Dalam Menghadapi Globalisasi (Manufacturing Industry Condition in Indonesia against Globalization). Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Publik .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 529,
"width": 456,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sinta Dewi, V., & Ekadjaja, A. (2020). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Likuiditas, dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur. In Jurnal Multiparadigma Akuntansi Tarumanagara (Vol. 2, Issue 1). Pengaruh Profitabilitas. Suparman, F. (2020, January 28). Kasus Korupsi Pekerjaan Fiktif Subkontraktor, KPK Periksa Dirut PT Waskita Beton . BERITA SATU.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 596,
"width": 457,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Supriyanto, E. (2013). “MANUFAKTUR” Dalam Dunia Teknik Industri. Jurnal : Industri Elektro Dan Penerbangan , 3 (3).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 626,
"width": 456,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tawfeeq Yousif Alabdullah, T., & Ries Ahmed, E. (2020). Audit Committee Impact on Corporate Profitability in Oman Companies: an Auditing and Management Accounting Perspective. Audit Committee Impact on Corporate Profitability in Oman Companies: JURNAL Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Indonesia , 5 (2). http://journals.ums.ac.id/index.php/reaksi/index",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 695,
"width": 456,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tonggano, S., & Jogi C, Y. (2017). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Keluarga Terhadap Profitabilitas Perusahaan pada Perusahaan Menggunakan Firm Size, Firm Age, dan Sales Growth Sebagai Variabel Kontrol. 398Business Accounting Review , 5 (2), 397–408.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 39,
"width": 407,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Juliani, Candra, & Yanto | Kinerja Perusahaan Manufaktur di Indonesia Ditinjau dari Karakteristik Dewan Direksi, Komite Audit, dan Kepemilikan",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 244,
"top": 762,
"width": 287,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Global Financial Accounting Journal, Vol 7 (2), Page 212",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 456,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Wang, Y., Abbasi, K., Babajide, B., & Yekini, K. C. (2020). Corporate governance mechanisms and firm performance: evidence from the emerging market following the revised CG code. Corporate Governance (Bingley) , 20 (1), 158–174. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-07-2018-0244",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 129,
"width": 456,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yasar, B., Martin, T., & Kiessling, T. (2020). An empirical test of signalling theory.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 143,
"width": 418,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Management Research Review , 43 (11), 1309–1335. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-08- 2019-0338",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 170,
"width": 457,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yopie, S., & Andriani, E. (2021). Analisis Pengaruh Karakteristik Dewan Direksi dan Struktur Kepemilikan Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Keluarga. Jesya",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 198,
"width": 421,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(Jurnal Ekonomi & Ekonomi Syariah) , 4 (2), 1137–1146. https://doi.org/10.36778/jesya.v4i2.469",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 226,
"width": 456,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yusra, I., Hadya, R., Begawati, N., Istiqomah, L., Afriyeni, & Kurniasih, N. (2019). Panel data model estimation: The effect of managerial ownership, capital structure, and company size on corporate value. Journal of Physics: Conference Series , 1175 (1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1175/1/012285",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 281,
"width": 456,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Zhou, H., Owusu-Ansah, S., & Maggina, A. (2018). Board of directors, audit committee, and firm performance: Evidence from Greece. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation , 31 , 20–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2018.03.002",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
be710c57-1d24-6946-c53f-20ff60bb7657 | http://www.jurnalmetal.or.id/jmi/article/download/180/113 | [
{
"left": 85,
"top": 69,
"width": 185,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "METAL INDONESIA merupakan wadah untuk menyampaikan hasil penelitian dan pengembangan berupa informasi teknik dan argumentasi guna membentuk interaksi antar lembaga, universitas, industri terutama sektor logam mesin dan konsumen sebagai salah satu upaya menciptakan iklim sektor industri yang andal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 220,
"width": 185,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengutipan dari METAL INDONESIA dapat dilakukan secara bebas dengan menyebut sumbernya dan mengirim kutipan tersebut ke METAL INDONESIA.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 322,
"width": 185,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "METAL INDONESIA diterbitkan oleh",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 334,
"width": 185,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Balai Besar Logam Mesin (BBLM) / Metal Industries Development Centre (MIDC) Terbit 2 (dua) kali setahun, bulan Juni dan Desember.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 436,
"width": 185,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Alamat Redaksi: Jurnal Metal Indonesia Balai Besar Logam dan Mesin (Gedung Penelitian dan Pengembangan Lantai 2 Ruang Peneliti) Jl. Sangkuriang No. 12 - Bandung 40135 Telp : (022) 2503171– 2504107 Fax.(022) 2503978",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 575,
"width": 109,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "E-mail : [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 325,
"top": 65,
"width": 121,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PENGANTAR REDAKSI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 325,
"top": 78,
"width": 217,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Metal Indonesia (MI) Vol. 41 No. 1 Juni 2019 menggunakan Open Journal System (OJS) sehingga dapat diakses bebas oleh penulis, editor, mitra bestari dan pembaca melalui http://www.jurnalmetal.or.id",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 325,
"top": 154,
"width": 231,
"height": 230,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metal Indonesia kali ini menyajikan 5 (lima) makalah hasil karya ilmiah dari internal Balai Besar Logam dan Mesin, Kementerian Perindustrian serta dari eksternal. Makalah pertama Perbaikan Kualitas dan Produktivitas Sebagai Upaya Pengembangan Industri Penunjang. Makalah kedua Absorpsivitas Cat Sintetis Enamel Doff Berbahan Dasar Resin Alkyd dengan Tipe High Gloss. Sementara makalah ketiga yaitu Peningkatan Koersivitas dan Magnet Remanen Magnet Permanen Nd-Fe- B dengan Proses Difusi Batas Butir. Makalah keempat Pembuatan Alat Injection Pump Berbasis Otomasi di Balai Besar Logam dan Mesin. Sedangkan makalah kelima adalah Pengaruh Suhu Dan Waktu Tempering terhadap Struktur Mikro, Kekerasan, dan Ketahanan Abrasif Baja Cor Modifikasi Ca-15.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 325,
"top": 395,
"width": 216,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Semoga Jurnal edisi kali ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi dunia industri dan perkembangan litbang, serta memberikan kontribusi dalam membangun masyarakat ilmiah dan pengembangan teknologi logam dan mesin di Indonesia.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 325,
"top": 483,
"width": 216,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Akhir kata, kami mengharapkan saran, komentar dan kritik konstruktif atas penerbitan Jurnal ini baik terhadap substansi maupun redaksional untuk perbaikan Jurnal Metal Indonesia di masa yang akan datang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 325,
"top": 572,
"width": 38,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Redaksi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 233,
"top": 712,
"width": 186,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "BALAI BESAR LOGAM DAN MESIN KEMENTERIAN PERINDUSTRIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 812,
"width": 210,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "METAL INDONESIA Vol. 41 No. 1 Juni 2019",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 533,
"top": 812,
"width": 9,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ii",
"type": "Table"
}
] |
13888084-4824-9502-d090-332028cf0227 | http://jik.fk.unri.ac.id/index.php/jik/article/download/47/44 | [
{
"left": 71,
"top": 787,
"width": 11,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "38",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 417,
"width": 224,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Banyak jenis parasit yang ada di sekitar kita dapat menyebabkan penyakit, patogen murni ataupun yang oportunistik. Penyakit akibat parasit banyak ditemukan terutama di daerah endemik, namun saat ini dengan tingginya migrasi dan perjalanan antar daerah, bahkan antar negara, mengakibatkan parasit dapat ditemukan menginfeksi manusia di daerah non endemik, yang dikenal dengan penyakit impor. 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 542,
"width": 224,
"height": 142,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cacing dari berbagai spesies merupakan salah satu parasit yang dapat menginfeksi hewan dan manusia. Anisakis sp merupakan cacing kelas nematoda yang menginfeksi ikan atau mamalia, terutama yang berasal dari laut dalam meski beberapa laporan menyebutkan juga sering ditemukan pada ikan air tawar. 1-12 Meski hospes definitif nya adalah ikan, larva nematoda ini secara insidental juga dapat mengakibatkan penyakit pada manusia (zoonosis) yang mengkonsumsi daging mengandung larva yang tidak dimasak dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 115,
"width": 305,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Anisakis sp. dan Alergi yang Diakibatkannya",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 177,
"width": 250,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Robiatul Adawiyah 1 , Esy Maryanti 2 , Forman E.Siagian 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 234,
"width": 55,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 251,
"width": 468,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Parasitic diseases were initially found in many endemic areas, but currently also found in non endemic areas. One is anisakiasis caused by Anisakis sp. Humans can be infected by this parasite by direct consumpt the organism and contact with the fish / products of food that containing this parasite.There are some points that can increase the risk of infection of this parasite, high movement of people from one area to another either temporary or permanent, the food processing especially in the case of the fish packing, the advance of transportation that enables the widespread of marine products which contaminated and how to eat the fish which contaminated. Anisakis sp. Antigen derived from the excretion-secretion products, somatic and cuticular of the parasite larvae. Good hygiene and understanding of the problem and potential risk will increase alertness and awareness of Anisakis sp.infections",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 371,
"width": 174,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Anisakis sp, anisakiasis, allergy",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 417,
"width": 224,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "baik. 1,2,8,9 Parasitisme oleh larva dan atau cacing dewasa disebut anisakiasis. 1,8,9",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 449,
"width": 224,
"height": 235,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Secara epidemiologis, Anisakis sp. ini penting karena dua hal yaitu, yang pertama parasit ini banyak menginfeksi mamalia laut (singa laut, paus dan lumba-lumba) dan berbagai jenis ikan, terutama yang berasal dari laut dalam, yang sering dikonsumsi oleh manusia. Cara menyiapkan makanan, dalam hal ini bila produk laut yang tercemar larva tidak dimasak hingga matang atau bahkan dimakan mentah (lazim dilakukan dibeberapa negara), memungkinkan larva cacing masih hidup dan dapat menginfeksi manusia. 1-3,8,9 Disamping itu, kemajuan teknologi bidang pengolahan pangan terutama dalam hal pengalengan ikan dan semakin majunya sistem transportasi memungkinkan meluasnya distribusi atau penyebaran produk laut yang mungkin tercemar Anisakis. 1,3,9 Artinya, kemungkinan infeksi dapat terjadi didaerah-daerah yang letaknya jauh dari habitat alamiahnya. 1-3,10-12",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 692,
"width": 224,
"height": 76,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Infestasi Anisakis sp pada produk perikanan akan mengurangi nilai ekonomis ikan yang terinfeksi dan dapat menyebabkan beragam gangguan pada manusia. 1,3 Gejala yang sering ditimbulkan oleh parasit ini saat menginfeksi manusia adalah terutama kelainan pada saluran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 718,
"width": 224,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Departemen Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia,",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 739,
"width": 224,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 Bagian Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Riau,",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 750,
"width": 224,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3 Bagian Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Kristen Indonesia",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 514,
"top": 787,
"width": 11,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "39",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 115,
"width": 224,
"height": 168,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "cerna dengan spektrum beragam; bisa berupa hanya keluhan ringan seperti nyeri, mual –muntah, gingivostomatitis, gangguan saluran cerna ringan sampai berat, bahkan pernah dilaporkan menyebabkan obstruksi usus halus yang memerlukan intervensi bedah. 1,2,4,5,8,9 Selain itu, larva nematoda ini juga dapat menyebabkan reaksi alergi (hipersensitifitas) pada orang yang sensitif. 1,2,6 Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengulas mengenai taksonomi, siklus hidup dan gejala klinis berupa alergi yang ditimbulkan oleh cacing nematoda Anisakis sp serta cara produk laut tercemar menyebabkan anisakiasis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 311,
"width": 177,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "TAKSONOMI DAN SIKLUS HIDUP",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 330,
"width": 224,
"height": 181,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian mengenai Anisakis banyak dilakukan, terutama dinegara dengan kasus anisakiasis tinggi. Selain itu, tempat-tempat dimana konsumsi ikan laut tinggi atau ikan laut menjadi salah satu produk pangan andalan seperti Jepang, Belanda, Inggris, Spanyol serta negara-negara lain disepanjang pantai Pasifik dan Amerika selatan juga melaporkan hal serupa. 1-8 Kemajuan teknologi molekuler memungkinkan penempatan Anisakis dalam perspektif taksonomi yang benar sebagai berikut: Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Nematoda, Kelas: Secernentea, Ordo: Ascaridida, Family: Anisakidae, Genus: Anisakis (Karl Rudolph 1809). 1,7,8",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 520,
"width": 224,
"height": 248,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Anisakis and Pseudoterranova, genera yang paling sering dilaporkan menyebabkan penyakit pada manusia,memiliki sejumlah stadium siklus hidup yang dapat ditemukan pada hospes intermediet, paratenik dan definitif. 1,3,4,8 Hospes definitifnya adalah hewan yang dalam hospes tersebut stadium cacing dewasa bereproduksi secara seksual dan menghasilkan keturunan. Hospes intermediet adalah hewan yang mengandung stadium juvenile parasit (larva) dan memungkinkan parasit untuk dapat berkembang satu atau beberapa kali menjadi bentuk yang lebih matang. Parasit mungkin memiliki beberapa stadium larva, yaitu stadium larva tahap pertama (L1), stadium larva tahap kedua (L2) dan seterusnya. Hospes paratenik berperan dalam keberhasilan proses transfer parasit ke hospes berikutnya, yaitu hospes definitif, yang dalam siklus rantai makanan berada dalam posisi yang lebih tinggi. Pada hospes paratenik, tidak lagi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 114,
"width": 225,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "terjadi perkembangan larva. 1,7,8 Hospes aksidental, seperti manusia, sebenarnya bukan merupakan bagian dari rantai infeksi alamiah Anisakis dan secara normal tidak akan menyebabkan infeksi pada hospes definitif. Hospes aksidental terinfeksi secara tidak sengaja dan menjadi jalan buntu (dead end) bagi siklus hidup cacing. 1,8,9",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 213,
"width": 201,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Spesies cacing yang saat ini diketahui adalah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 226,
"width": 224,
"height": 208,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A. pegreffii, A. physeteris, A.schupakovi, A. simplex, A. typica dan A. ziphidarum. Sedangkan yang dapat menginfeksi manusia adalah Anisakis (Terranova) simplex yang kerap ditemukan pada ikan herring), Pseudoterranova (Phocanema) decipiens yang kerap menginfeksi ikan cod atau anjing laut, Contracaecum spp., dan Hysterothylacium (Thynnascaris) spp. Spesies yang paling sering dilaporkan menginfeksi manusia adalah A. simplex dan P. decipiens. Sejumlah penelitian menggunakan elektroforesis terhadap enzim multilokus menunjukkan morphospecies Anisakis, Contaceum dan Pseudoterranova terdiri atas sekelompok sub- species yang secara genetik telah berdiferensiasi, tergantung lokasi geografis habitatnya serta distribusi hospesnya. 7,12",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 443,
"width": 225,
"height": 300,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cacing-cacing tersebut (family Anisakidae dan genera Pseudoterranova, Phocascaris dan Contracaecum) secara bersama-sama lazim disebut anisakid, dapat menginfeksi mammalia laut, burung laut, reptil dan ikan laut dalam (hospes definitif) sedangkan beberapa jenis krustasea lebih sebagai hospes intermediate. Ikan dan juga moluska (terutama jenis gurita) juga dapat berperan sebagai hospes transport yang membawa larva infektif. 1 Banyak jenis species ikan dapat ’membawa’ larva anisakid, termasuk dibagian daging sehingga memungkinkan transmisi infeksi ke predator pemangsa ikan seperti manusia. 1,3,4,6-8 Meski demikian, rentang jenis hospes yang dapat terinfeksi spesies Anisakid masih belum semuanya terungkap. Lagipula, masih terdapat kontroversi dalam cara transmisi alternatif, misalnya apakah terdapat rute infeksi secara langsung dengan cara ikan terinfeksi setelah ’menelan’ larva yang berenang bebas atau misalnya terjadi transfer larva dari krustasea seperti krill ke cetacea omnivorous pemakan plankton tanpa melalui ikan telah diketahui berperan menjadi hospes transport. 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 752,
"width": 224,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Siklus hidup Anisakis sp dapat dilihat pada gambar 1. berikut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 347,
"top": 60,
"width": 177,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Robiatul Adawiyah, Anisakis sp. dan Alergi",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 787,
"width": 11,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "40",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 391,
"width": 224,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1. siklus hidupAnisakis sp1, dengan modifikasi",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 427,
"width": 224,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebagai hospes insidental, manusia dapat terinfeksi jika memakan daging ikan atau produk laut yang mengandung larva Anisakis sp. dalam keadaan mentah atau kurang matang. 1-3,6 Beberapa negara dengan konsumsi ikan laut tinggi seperti Jepang dan Spanyol juga melaporkan tingginya kasus anisakiasis pada manusia, lebih tinggi dibanding negara-negara lain yang konsumsi ikan lautnya kurang. 1,3,5,6,8",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 571,
"width": 102,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "IMPLIKASI KLINIS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 590,
"width": 224,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Infeksi cacing pada manusia secara umum biasanya menyebabkan meningkatnya kadar eosinofil dan IgE, kondisi yang mungkin terjadi pada pasien dengan hipersensitivitas type I terhadap sejumlah antigen lain. 1-3,6,8",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 661,
"width": 224,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dengan pendekatan molekuler, sejauh ini telah diketahui ada delapan jenis alergen yang dimiliki A. simplex (Ani s 1 sampai Ani s 8); yaitu dua jenis diantaranya, Ani s 2 dan Ani s 3, merupakan bagian somatik dan tidak satupun diantara kedelapan alergen tersebut yang berasal dari kutikel. 8 Ani s 2 dan Ani s 3, merupakan alergen A. simplex yang paling banyak diteliti, termasuk dalam kelas alergen",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 115,
"width": 224,
"height": 234,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Paramyosin dan Tropomyosin. Kedua jenis protein tersebut di otot dan kulit banyak jenis invertebrata, diduga menjadi allergen yang poten karena struktur molekuler tropomyosin dibeberapa titik berbeda dengan yang terdapat pada vertebrata sehingga menimbulkan respons alergi yang kuat . 1,7,8 Hasil penelitian Ramos et al seperti yang dikutip Audicana et al 8 mengungkapkan Ani s 2 mirip dengan alergen paramyosin tungau debu (Blo t 11, Blomia tropicalis). Kemiripan-kemiripan dalam urutan protein yang highly conserved mungkin menjadi penyebab reaktivasi silang dengan alergen shrimp (Pen a 1) dan tungau debu rumah (Der p 10 dan Der f 10). 8 Selain itu, ada juga jenis alergen tropomyosin lain (Cha f I) yang struktur nya mirip Ani s 3 dan bersifat tahan panas; kemiripan struktur seperti itu juga mengindikasikan kemampuan termostabil Ani s 3. 8",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 358,
"width": 224,
"height": 261,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Paradoks sekaligus ironi bahwa banyak studi epidemiologi dan eksperimental pada hewan coba menunjukkan infeksi parasit cacing kronis bisa memproteksi atau setidaknya mengurangi reaksi alergi; meskipun ada elemen dasar alergi, reaktivasi klinik justru mengalami down regulation. namun karena larva maupun cacing dewasa anisakid bukan parasit alamiah pada manusia maka tidak akan timbul respons adaptasi yang memadai sehingga sebagai konsekuensi nya juga tidak akan timbul down regulation sistem imun. 1 Selain itu, karena kemiripan struktur tropomyosin pada invertebrata, antibodi spesifik IgE yang terbentuk terhadap larva Anisakis bisa mengalami reaksi silang (cross react) terutama terhadap alergen yang berasal dari jenis produk laut/sea food lain seperti udang dan tungau debu rumah. 1,7,8 Karenanya, hasil uji hipersenitivitas mesti diinterpretasi dengan cermat dan hati-hati untuk menghindari kemungkinan salah diagnosis (false positive atau false negative).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 628,
"width": 224,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Alergi Akibat Anisakis sp: Implikasi Konsumsi Produk Perikanan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 660,
"width": 224,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Anisakiasis pada manusia sebenarnya tidak lazim karena parasit itu tidak akan mampu beradaptasi untuk hidup pada manusia dan infeksi yang terjadi sebenarnya bersifat transit semata. 8 Hal itu dapat dilihat perbedaannya misalnya antara anisakiasis dengan filariasis atau askariasis, dimana dapat terjadi sejumlah besar cacing berada dalam tubuh orang yang terinfeksi dan sifatnya menetap-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 60,
"width": 187,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JIK, Jilid 8, Nomor 1, Maret 2014, Hal. 38-45",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 514,
"top": 787,
"width": 11,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "41",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 115,
"width": 224,
"height": 76,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sehingga dikatakan parasit dan inangnnya telah saling menyesuaikan diri untuk mengoptimasi kelangsungan hidup bersama. Hipersensitivitas sangat jarang terjadi; biasanya kematian parasit secara alamiah atau akibat obat yang justru memicu hipersensitivitas/alergi. 8 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 200,
"width": 224,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Alergi merupakan salah satu bentuk pertahanan tubuh yang ’negatif ’ karena bentuk respons mekanisme pertahanan spesifik yang over-reaktif terhadap substrat allergenik ( bisa berupa molekul non self) yang disebut allergen. Alergen bersifat sebagai antigen pemicu reaksi alergi dan respons imun. Ada empat jenis alergi, tipe I-IV; alergi akibat parasit cacing biasanya berupa hipersensitivitas tipe I (tipe cepat) yang dimediasi oleh antibodi IgE. 1,5,6,8,9",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 324,
"width": 224,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sejauh ini, A. simplex merupakan produk perikanan yang paling sering dikaitkan dengan respons alergi. Respons alergi yang ditimbulkannya meliputi: yang pertama adalah anisakiasis gastro- alergi yang gejala alerginya merupakan gejala tambahan akibat parasitisme akut dilambung setelah memakan ikan atau produk laut lainnya yang mengandung larva hidup secara mentah atau dimasak kurang matang dan yang kedua berupa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 115,
"width": 224,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "alergi terhadap A. simplex yang terjadi akibat kontaminasi produk perikanan yang mengandung alergen (larva yang ada pada produk perikanan tersebut tidak mesti hidup). Respon alergi lainnya bisa terjadi, meski lebih jarang ditemukan, berupa urtikaria kronik akibat sensitisasi A, simplex ( mekanisme belum jelas diketahui), asma dan gastroenteritis eosinofia, gejala rheumatologi, dermatologi dan rhino-konjungtivitis. 1,5,6,8,9",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 239,
"width": 224,
"height": 208,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Respons imun akibat anisakiasis meliputi respons imun bawaan (sel epitel terinfeksi, nitric oxide, Toll like receptor) dan didapat (Th2, IL-4, IL-5) serta eosinofilia; eosinofilia merupakan gambaran peradangan lokal pada lesi akibat larva A. simplex (infiltrasi eosinofil disekitar parasit dalam jaringan). Konsentrasi eosinofil didaerah yang sakit tidak hanya akibat pelepasan faktor kemotaktik oleh limfosit T, sel mast dan basofil tetapi juga oleh sekresi substansi kemotaktik oleh parasit. Yang menarik, meski eosinofilia sering dikaitkan dengan infeksi cacing namun untuk anisakiasis hanya ditemukan pada kurang dari 30% anisakiasis. 8,10 Meski demikian, infiltrasi eosinofil dijaringan disekitar parasit merupakan gambaran paling khas mengenai lesi inflamasi lokal akibat anisakiasis. 8",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 466,
"width": 426,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Ringkasan kronologi patofisiologi infeksi A. simplex pada manusia 8 , dengan modifikasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 723,
"width": 224,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Laporan mengenai alergi akibat anisakiasis banyak ditemukan pada beberapa daerah di Spanyol, yaitu pada daerah tersebut konsumsi ikan dalam keadaan mentah lebih tinggi. 6,9 Kondisi itu lebih",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 723,
"width": 224,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "jarang dilaporkan dinegara-negara Eropa lain. Tidak jelas diketahui apakah hal itu disebabkan oleh masih kurangnya pemahaman klinisi mengenai anisakiasis atau belum digunakannya uji diagnostik yang sesuai,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 347,
"top": 60,
"width": 177,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Robiatul Adawiyah, Anisakis sp. dan Alergi",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 787,
"width": 11,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "42",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 115,
"width": 224,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sehingga kasus-kasus anisakiasis mungkin banyak yang terluput, atau memang terdapat perbedaan insiden penyakit signifikan di Sponyol dibanding negara-negara lain di Eropa. 1 Di Asia, Jepang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 115,
"width": 224,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "merupakan contoh negara dengan konsumsi ikan paling tinggi dan secara bersamaan juga paling sering melaporkan kejadian anisakiasis. 1,5,6,8,9",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 394,
"width": 468,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2. respons imun terhadap infeksi cacing. Infeksi cacing menginduksi respons Th2 yang bersifat protektif, namun mekanisme pengaturan sistem imun (imunoregulasi) bisa menguntungkan larvae cacing dengan cara memodifikasi respons Th2 dan menghambat proses inflamasi. Namun juga dpat terjadi inflamasi alergi, yang ditandai dengan pelepasan histamin, leukotriene dan prostaglandin yang menimbulkan terbentuknya mukus, eosinofilia, bronkokonstriksi, kontraksi otot polos dan remodelling paru yang mengakibatkan hiperaktivitas saluran nafas, peradangan saluran nafas atau asma. Peradangan alergi bisa ditekan melalui mekanisme imunomodulator akibat infeksi cacing 10 dengan modifikasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 496,
"width": 224,
"height": 261,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Danilowicz-Luebert et al 10 mengklasifikasikan alergi akibat Anisakis sp sebagai penyakit okupasi karena dapat juga terjadi akibat kontak tanpa harus mengkonsumsi daging ikan yang tercemar. Hal itu juga didukung oleh hasil penelitian Armentia et al seperti yang dikutip oleh Armentia et al, 13 Niuwenhuizen et al seperti yang dikutip Audicana et al, 8 Scala et al 14 serta beberapa peneliti lain seperti yang terdapat pada laporan EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) 1 pada pekerja pabrik pengolahan ikan dimana terjadi alergi akibat kontak terhadap ikan tercemar larva Anisakis sp atau bersifat okupasional. Infeksi oleh anisakid relatif jarang ditemukan dan bersifat aksidental. 8-12 biasanya sistem imun yang teraktivasi adalah Th2 ketimbang mekanisme imunomodulator yang lebih sering ditemukan pada infeksi cacing kronik sehingga gejala alergi menjadi lebih menonjol. 8-10 Respons imun terhadap infeksi cacing tersebut dapat dilihat pada gambar 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 496,
"width": 224,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cara Penyebaran Produk Laut Tercemar Anisakis sp",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 529,
"width": 224,
"height": 234,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Globalisasi dan modernisasi teknologi serta derasnya arus informasi memberikan dampak yang luas dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan manusia. Misalnya, perkembangan teknologi informasi memberikan imbas kepada industri gaya hidup seperti kuliner. Pola penyajian makanan yang dulunya hanya dikenal di satu negara, dewasa ini dengan cepat dan mudah dapat ditemukan di negara- negara lain. 8,9 Contohnya, makanan Jepang berbasis ikan Sushi; yang kini menjadi trend kuliner yang tidak lagi hanya menjadi kuliner lokal tetapi telah meng-global dan menjadi sangat digemari. 3,5,6,9 Selain itu, Teknik pengawetan seperti pengasapan atau pengasinan telah digantikan dengan industri pengalengan yang lebih canggih dan cepat dengan mesin-mesin yang lebih efektif dan efisien untuk kemudian didistribusikan keberbagai negara yang menginginkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 60,
"width": 187,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JIK, Jilid 8, Nomor 1, Maret 2014, Hal. 38-45",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 514,
"top": 787,
"width": 11,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "43",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 115,
"width": 224,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Negara-negara dengan pesisir pantai yang luas juga cenderung mengkonsumsi lebih banyak ikan; hal itu juga mendorong kreativitas dalam mengolah ikan atau prroduk laut lainnya menjadi produk kuliner yang eksotis. 1,4,9 Beberapa contoh makanan yang berbasis ikan mentah atau kurang dimasak sampai matang diantaranya sushi dan sashimi (Jepang), bagoong (Filipina), ikan herring asin atau asap (Belanda), gravlax (Skandinavia), lomi-lomi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 115,
"width": 224,
"height": 128,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dan palu (Hawai), ceviche (Amerika selatan), boquerones en vinagre/ pickled anchovies (Spanyol). 8 Metode persiapan jenis makanan tersebut meliputi pengasinan, penambahan asam/ cuka, penambahan bumbu, pengasapan sampai suhu 40 0 C, yang secara umum bisa mensterilisasi patogen yang food borne namun belum memadai untuk anisakid. 1,3,8 Anisakid sendiri mampu menginfeksi beragam jenis ikan dan ditemukan dibanyak tempat didunia. 1-14",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 257,
"width": 468,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2. Hasil penelitian mengenai Anisakis sp pada beberapa spesies ikan yang ditangkap dari beberapa lautan 4,9,10-12 dengan modifikasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 347,
"top": 60,
"width": 177,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Robiatul Adawiyah, Anisakis sp. dan Alergi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 787,
"width": 11,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "44",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 115,
"width": 224,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tidak dapat dipungkiri, aspek pemenuhan akan kebutuhan konsumsi bisa menjadi kekuatan industri suatu negara. Contohnya Jepang, dimana karena konsumsi ikannya yang tinggi maka sektor perikanan menjadi industri yang sangat kuat. Kapal- kapal Jepang yang besar dan sudah sangat modern menangkap ikan didaerah yang sangat jauh dari wilayahnya (sehingga kadang-kadang menimbulkan sengketa dengan negara lain yang merasa batas wilayahnya dilanggar )- kemudian ikan yang tertangkap langsung diolah dan dikemas dalam kaleng untuk kemudian siap dipasarkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 279,
"width": 224,
"height": 260,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hal itu telah dinyatakan sebelumnya oleh Sakanari dan McKerrow, seperti yang dikutip Audicana dan Kennedy, 8 bahwa alasan peningkatan jumlah kasus anisakiasis di Amerika Serikat pada dekade 80 an dan masih relevan sampai sekarang, yaitu (1) akibat distribusi nematoda anisakid yang luas didunia-telah dilaporkan ditemukan dibanyak laut dan lautan utama, (2) meningkatnya populasi mamalia laut- berperan sebagai inang bagi cacing parasit dewasa, (3) meluasnya cakupan migrasi dan globalisasi- dengan salah satu konsekuensinya meningkatnya permintaan akan makanan-makanan eksotis berbasis ikan, (4) makin seringnya digunakan alat-alat masak yang serba instan seperti microwave dan cooker dan keyakinan untuk tidak memasak makanan saampai terlalu matang karena dapat merusak zat gizi dan (5) informasi mengenai manfaat jenis diet berbasis ikan yang diyakini jika banyak dikonsumsi mampu mencegah penyakit jantung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 548,
"width": 224,
"height": 208,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Faktor lain yang mungkin mempengaruhi intensitas dan pola respons imun terhadap A. simplex adalah sumber dan bentuk imunogen yang mengenai pasien. Secara hipotetis, pajanan terhadap antigen A. simplex bisa berasal dari (1) keseluruhan larva (produk ekskresi-sekresi, somatik dan kutikuler) sebagai akibat penetrasi jaringan dan degenerasi larva- terjadi pajanan terhadap profil komplit antigen parasit, (2) hanya terhadap antigen ekskresi-sekresi misalnya pada kasus larva berhasil dikeluarkan oleh inang dalam keadaan utuh/intak dan (3) antigen kutikuler dan somatik yang berasal dari makanan yang mengandung larva yang sudah mati- sehingga antigen ekskresi-sekresi hanya ada dalam jumlah sedikit. 8 penelitian Armentia et al 13 menguatkan hipotesis tersebut. Kelompok peneliti tersebut",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 115,
"width": 224,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "meneliti data 231 pasien dengan alergi A. simplex dan menyimpulkan, berdasarkan uji in vivo dan in vitro, penderita yang tersensitasi A. simplex dapat mendeteksi alergen parasit yang terkandung dalam daging ayam. 8",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 186,
"width": 224,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Masalahnya, daging ikan juga digunakan sebagai pakan ternak dibeberapa negara; sehingga jika ikan yang menjadi pakan utama hanya sekedar campuran sekalipun mengandung larva anisakid kemudian dikonsumsi oleh ternak dan kemudian ternak dimakan oleh manusia, maka dengan cara seperti itu pun manusia dapat berisiko tersensitasi oleh alergen yang terdapat dalam daging ternak. 5,6,8,13 Hewan ternak yang dimaksud adalah bukan hanya terbatas pada hewan ternak di darat seperti ayam atau unggas lain namun bisa juga ikan hasil budidaya. 6,8,13",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 350,
"width": 224,
"height": 195,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam konteks ikan hasil budidaya, potensi terinfeksi Anisakis sp atau parasit lain dapat terjadi melalui dua cara, yaitu yang pertama jika ikan budidaya dalam proses perkembangbiakannya diberi makan sisa ikan / produk laut yang tidak diproses terlebih dahulu dan yang kedua jika ikan liar yang belum dewasa ditangkap untuk kemudian dibudidaya (dilakukan dipenangkaran ikan kod dan tuna di Eropa); resiko timbul jika ikan liar yang ditangkarkan tersebut telah terinfeksi oleh larva anisakid. Cara yang disebut pertama lebih lazim dilakukan dalam praktek budidaya ikan dilaut. 6,8,13 Karenanya, praktek hygiene pribadi yang baik memang sangat perlu dilakukan untuk mencegah transmisi anisakiasis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 573,
"width": 52,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENUTUP",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 592,
"width": 224,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Telah diulas mengenai taksonomi, siklus hidup dan gejala klinis berupa alergi yang ditimbulkan oleh cacing nematoda Anisakis sp serta cara produk laut tercemar menyebabkan anisakiasis. Praktek hygiene yang baik dan pemahaman akan cakupan masalah serta potensi resiko akan meningkatkan kewaspadaan dan kesadaran akan infeksi yang disebabkan A. simplex.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 722,
"width": 133,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH:",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 741,
"width": 224,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bpk Aryan Obrien Siagian, Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan Republik Indonesia atas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 60,
"width": 187,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JIK, Jilid 8, Nomor 1, Maret 2014, Hal. 38-45",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 514,
"top": 787,
"width": 11,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "45",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 115,
"width": 224,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "bantuannya dalam mengoreksi nama Latin dan nama Indonesia ikan-ikan yang disebutkan dalam makalah ini",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 179,
"width": 100,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 198,
"width": 224,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ).",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 211,
"width": 210,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Scientific opinion on risk assessment of parasites in fishery products. EFSA journal 2010: 8 (4):1543",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 256,
"width": 224,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Gomez B, Lasa E, Arroabarren E, Garrido S, Anda M, Tabar AI. Allergy to Anisakis simplex.An sis sanit navar. 2003: 26 (S2):25-30",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 301,
"width": 224,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Food standard Agency. Guidance concerning wild salmon and the Anisakis parasite. 2007. www. food.gov.uk",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 347,
"width": 224,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Setyobudi E, Soeparno, Helmiati S. Infection of Anisakis sp in some marine fishes from the southern coast of Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. Biodiversitas. 2011: 12 (1):34-7",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 405,
"width": 224,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Roland SK, Keeling WB, Gunasekaran S, Shapiro DH. Is it safe to eat sushi? Bowel obstruction related to anisakiasis. Surg Rounds 2008; 31 (3): 105-14",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 463,
"width": 224,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. Fernandez de Corres L, del Pozo MD, Aizpuru F. Prevalence of Anisakis simplex sensitisation in three Spanish areas, in relation to fish intake rates. Relevance of Anisakis simplex allergy. Allergol immunol clin 2001; 16: 337-46",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 535,
"width": 224,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7. Nadler SA, D’Amelio S, Dailey MD, Paggi L, Siu S, Sakanari JA. Molecular phylogenetics and diagnosis of Anisakis, Pseudoterranova and Contracaecum from northern Pacific marine mammals. J Parasitol. 2005; 91 (6):1413-29",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 115,
"width": 225,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8. Audicana TM, Kennedy MW. Anisakis simplex: from obscure infectious worm to inducer of immune hypersensitivity. Clin Microbiol Rev 2008; 21 (2): 360-79",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 173,
"width": 225,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9. Siagian FE, Siagian GTY, Siagian AO. Kelainan yang berhubungan dengan larva Anisakis sp.. Maj Kedok FKUKI. 2010; 27 (3): 122-9",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 218,
"width": 225,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "10.Danilowicz-Luebert E, O’Regan N, Steinfelder S, Hartmann S. Modulation of specific and allergy related immune responses by helminths. J Biomed Biotech 2011. article ID 821578",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 277,
"width": 225,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "11.Jurado-Palomo J, Lopez-Serrano MC, Moneo I. Multiple acute parasitization by Anisakis simplex. J Investig allergol clin immunol 2010; 20 (5): 437-41",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 335,
"width": 225,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "12.Abollo E, D’Amelio S, Pascual S. Fitness of the marine parasitic nematode Anisakis simplex. str. in the temperate waters of the NE atlantic. Diseases of aquatic organisms. 2001; 45:131-9",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 394,
"width": 225,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "13.Armentia A, Martin-Gil FJ, Pascual C, Martin- Esteban M, Callejo A, Martinez C. Anisakis simplex allergy after eating chicken meat. J investig allergol clin immunol 2006; 16 (4): 258- 63",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 465,
"width": 225,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "14.Scala E, Giani M, Pirrotta L, Guerra EC, Cadoni S, Girardelli CR, De Pita O, Puddu P. Occupational generalises urticaria and allergic airborne asthma due to anisakis simplex. Eur J Dermatol 2001; 11 (3): 249-50",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 347,
"top": 60,
"width": 177,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Robiatul Adawiyah, Anisakis sp. dan Alergi",
"type": "Page header"
}
] |
12d594f9-03f3-bc18-2339-8a76cce32925 | https://transpublika.co.id/ojs/index.php/Transekonomika/article/download/136/111 | [
{
"left": 127,
"top": 37,
"width": 359,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "TRANSEKONOMIKA: Akuntansi, Bisnis dan Keuangan Volume 2 ISSUE 4 (2022)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 760,
"width": 274,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AKUNTANSI, BISNIS DAN KEUANGAN | TRANSEKONOMIKA https://transpublika.co.id/ojs/index.php/Transekonomika E-ISSN: 2809-6851 | P-ISSN: 2809-6851",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 773,
"width": 9,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 115,
"width": 418,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENGENTASAN ANGKA KEMISKINAN DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2015-2019",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 238,
"top": 166,
"width": 134,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rachvianti Putri Anggraeni",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 181,
"width": 310,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurusan Ekonomi Pembangunan, Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Tidar E-mail: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 286,
"top": 222,
"width": 39,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 236,
"width": 442,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kemiskinan yang terjadi di Indonesia disebabkan oleh banyak faktor yang saling berkaitan satu sama lainnya, pengangguran, pendidikan, dan kesehatan merupakan masalah yang sering dibicarakan terkait dengan banyaknya kemiskinan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh pengaruh Pendidikan, Pengangguran, dan Kesehatan Terhadap Kemiskinan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Indonesia. Periode dalam penelitian ini adalah lima tahun yaitu tahun 2015 - 2019. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model random effect adalah model yang paling baik. Pendidikan dan Pengangguran menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan dan berhubungan positif terhadap Kemiskina. Sedangkan kesehatan menunjukkan hasil yang tidak signifikan dan berhubungan negatif terhadap kemiskinan di Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 401,
"width": 292,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci: Kemiskinan, Pengangguran, Pendidikan, Kesehatan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 286,
"top": 425,
"width": 38,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 440,
"width": 440,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Poverty that occurs in Indonesia is caused by many interrelated factors, education, and health are problems that are often related to poverty. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of education, unemployment, and health on poverty. This research is descriptive quantitative research. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) Indonesia. The period in this study is five years, namely 2015 - 2019. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis technique. The results showed that the random effect model was the best model. Education and Unemployment show significant results and are positively related to poverty. Meanwhile, health shows insignificant results and is negatively related to poverty in Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 566,
"width": 246,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Poverty, Unemployment, Education, Health",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 605,
"width": 114,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 620,
"width": 442,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembangunan dalam suatu negara harus megutamakan dan mementingkan pembangunan kapasitas manusiannya. Pemerintah melakukan berbagai kegiatan guna meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat umum. Salah satunya, yaitu dengan mengarahkan dan memfocuskan pembangunan ke daerah – daerah yang memiliki tingkat kesejahteraan yang rendah . Pembangunan sendiri dilakukan secara terpadu dan berkesinambungan sesuai dengan prioritas dan kebutuhan masing-masing daerah dengan sasaran yang telah ditetapkan dalam program pembangunan jangka pendek dan jangka panjang nasional (Prasetyowati & Panjawa, 2022). Pembangunan yang hanya terfokus pada pertumbuhan ekonomi hanya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 38,
"width": 334,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENGENTASAN ANGKA KEMISKINAN DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2015-2019 Rachvianti Putri Anggraeni",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 761,
"width": 336,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 AKUNTANSI, BISNIS DAN KEUANGAN | TRANSEKONOMIKA https://transpublika.co.id/ojs/index.php/Transekonomika E-ISSN: 2809-6851 P-ISSN: 2809-6851",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 114,
"width": 442,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "bersifat jangka pendek dan belum menjamin terjadinya pemerataan kesejahteraan masyarakat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 142,
"width": 442,
"height": 192,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Strategi pembangunan ekonomi banyak dilakukan oleh pemerintah untuk menurunkan angka kemiskinan. Namun, dalam realitasnya masih terdapat diskrepansi antara harapan dan kenyataan di lapangan berupa kemiskinan (Soejoto & Ameillia, 2013). Subandi (2012) dalam (Meriyanti et al., 2015) menyatakan salah satu strategi/upaya pengentasan kemiskinan adalah pembangunan Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM). Pembangunan SDM dapat dilakukan dengan perbaikan akses terhadap konsumsi pelayanan sosial (pendidikan, kesehatan dan gizi) merupakan strategi pemerintah untuk mengurangi kemiskinan dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan. Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan ketertinggalan dan penghambat dalam pembangunan suatu negara dalah tingginya angka kemiskinan, Kuncoro dalam (Meriyanti et al., 2015). Strategi lain yaitu dengan cara memberikan bantuan pangan (RASTRA), Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai (BPNT), Bantuan Iuran Jaminan Kesehatan Kartu Indonesia Sehat, mengembangkan kewirausahaan, dan kemudahan ijin usaha bagi pemula. Sehingga diharapkan pertumbuhan ekonomi akan meningkat dan terjadinya pemerataan kesejahteraan kepada masyarakat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 335,
"width": 442,
"height": 220,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pertumbuhan ekonomi suatu daerah merupakan salah satu unsur utama dalam pembangunan ekonomi regional (Widianingsih & Suryantini, 2015). Dengan meningkatnya pertumbuhan ekonomi, dengan sendirinya akan menetes ke bawah dalam menciptakan lapangan kerja dan pembangunan ekonomi yang dikenal dengan teori trickle down effect (Soleh, 2014). Dilihat dari aspek ekonominya, tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat dapat diukur dengan pendapatan nasional perkapita. Dimana peningkatan pendapatan nasional ini dapat terjadi dengan adanya pertumbuhan ekonomi yang positif yang diukur dengan naiknya PDB (produk domestik bruto) dari tahun ketahun. Pertumbuhan PDB menjadi suatu hal yang sangat penting untuk dicapai dalam pembangunan ekonomi, oleh karena itu tidak mengherankan jika dibanyak negara pada awal pembangunan ekonomi lebih berorientasi pada pertumbuhan ekonomi. Berdasarkan UUD Negara Republik Indonesia, dalam Peraturan Presiden No.13 Tahun 2009 tentang Koordinasi Penanggulangan Kemiskinan, pemerintah secara tegas menetapkan upaya penanggulangan kemiskinan sebagai salah satu prioritas untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan kesempatan kerja masyarakat miskin secara mandiri (Sutrisno, 2021). Untuk itu pemerintah memiliki peranan penting dalam mengimplementasi kebijakan guna menanggulangi kemiskinan yang ada.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 556,
"width": 429,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1 Presentase Tingkat Kemiskinan di Beberapa Negara Asia Tenggara Tahun 2018",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 573,
"width": 318,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Negara ASEAN Tingkat Kemiskinan Extrem Desember 2018 (%) Laos 17,3 Indonesia 5,1 Filiphina 4,9 Myanmar 3,3 Vietnam 0,8 Singapura 0,9",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 690,
"width": 442,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bukan hanya di Indonesia saja, di berbagai negara terutama di negara yang padat penduduknya masalah kemiskinan menjadi persoalan yang belum bisa teratasi sepenuhnya. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dalam Tabel 1, dibandingkan dengan negara ASEAN",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 37,
"width": 359,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "TRANSEKONOMIKA: Akuntansi, Bisnis dan Keuangan Volume 2 ISSUE 4 (2022)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 760,
"width": 274,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AKUNTANSI, BISNIS DAN KEUANGAN | TRANSEKONOMIKA https://transpublika.co.id/ojs/index.php/Transekonomika E-ISSN: 2809-6851 | P-ISSN: 2809-6851",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 773,
"width": 9,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 114,
"width": 442,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "lainnya dengan tingkat kemiskinan extrem, Indonesia hanya lebih baik dari Laos yakni sebesar 5,1 persen. Bahkan Vietnam dan Singapura 0,8 persen dan 0,9 persen saja. Laos menjadi negara di Asia Tenggara dengan tingkat kemiskinan extrem tertinggi. Namun, jumlah penduduk yang berada dalam status kemiskinan extrem terbanyak berasal dari Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 183,
"width": 451,
"height": 248,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemerintah Indonesia melalui Survei Sosisal Ekonomi Nasional (Susesnas), 2017 menyebutkan bahwa jumlah penduduk miskin (penduduk dengan pengeluaran per kapita per bulan di bawah Garis Kemiskinan) di Indonesia pada bulan September 2017 mencapai 26,58 juta orang atau sekitar 10,12 persen lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kondisi di bulan Maret 2017 yang sebesar 27,77 juta orang atau sekitar 10,64 persen. Pada bulan September 2017, jumlah penduduk miskin terbanyak berada di Papua dengan nilai 27,76 persen dan untuk jumlah penduduk miskin yang terrendah berada di DKI Jakarta sebesar 3,78 persen yang meningkat dibandingkat bulan Maret yang sebesar 3,77 persen. Kemiskinan merupakan persoalan kompleks yang terkait dengan berbagai dimensi yakni sosial, ekonomi, budaya, politik serta dimensi ruang dan waktu. Secara umum, kemiskinan adalah ketidakmampuan seseorang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dasar hidupnya atas setiap aspek kehidupan. Kemiskinan di identifikasikan sebagai pola hidup yang rendah, maksudnya yaitu keadaan dimana kehidupan penduduk ditandai oleh serba kekurangan akan kebutuhan pokoknya. Kemiskinan merupakan masalah yang bersifat multidimensional. Oleh sebab itu, jalan untuk memberantas kemiskinan harus dilakukan secara komperhensif, mencakup berbagai aspek kehidupan masyarakat, dan dilaksanakan secara terpadu (Sukmaraga, 2011). Terbatasnya lapangan pekerjaan menjadi salah satu faktor pendorong meningkatnya angka kemiskinan di Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 432,
"width": 442,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ketidakseimbangan antara jumlah angkatan kerja dengan jumlah lapangan yang tersedia merupakan salah satu cerminan kurangnya keberhasilan pembangunan dalam suatu negara yang menyebabkan banyak pengangguran. Menurut Sukirno (2004:13), pengangguran adalah suatu keadaan dimana seseorang yang tergolong dalam angkatan kerja ingin mendapatkan pekerjaan tetapi belum dapat memperolehnya (Sutrisno, 2021). Sedangkan seseorang yang tidak bekerja, tetapi tidak secara aktif mencari pekerjaan tidak digolongkan sebagai penganggur. Tingkat pengangguran yang tinggi menyebabkan rendahnya pendapatan yang selanjutnya memicu munculnya kemiskinan. Pada 2019, data yang diperoleh dari BPS dalam Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka menurut Provinsi, 1986-2019 rata-rata masyarakat Indonesia menganggur sebanyak 5,23 persen pada bulan Agustus lebih banyak dibandingkan pada bulan Februari yang hanya 4,98 persen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 584,
"width": 442,
"height": 150,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Provinsi Banten menjadi provinsi tertinggi dengan tingkat pengangguran terbuka di bulan Agustus sebanyak 8,11 persen hal ini dapat terjadi karena adanya calo tenaga kerja yang dapat memasukan masyarakat sebagai perusahaan, banyak dari daerah luar yang ingin bekerja di wilayah Provinsi Banten itu sendiri, selain itu UMR yang ada di Banten terbilang cukup tinggi sehingga mengurangi minat investor untuk menanam modalnya. Sedangkan Provinsi Bali menjadi prosinsi dengan tingkat pengangguran terbuka yang terendah dengan 1,57 persen di bulan Agustus. Tingkat pengangguran terbuka berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kemiskinan. Semakin meningkat pengangguran maka akan semakin tidak produktif penduduknya, sehingga penduduk tidak akan mampu memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya, kebutuhan hidup yang semakin tidak terpenuhi akan meningkatkan tingkat kemiskian (Putra & Arka, 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 38,
"width": 334,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENGENTASAN ANGKA KEMISKINAN DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2015-2019 Rachvianti Putri Anggraeni",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 761,
"width": 336,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4 AKUNTANSI, BISNIS DAN KEUANGAN | TRANSEKONOMIKA https://transpublika.co.id/ojs/index.php/Transekonomika E-ISSN: 2809-6851 P-ISSN: 2809-6851",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 114,
"width": 445,
"height": 234,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendidikan merupakan pionir dalam pembangunan masa depan suatu negara (Apdillah et al., 2022). Sebab, pendidikan menyangkut pembangunan karakter dan juga mempertahankan jati diri manusia. Pendidikan akan berkaitan dengan pengembangan pengetahuan serta keahlian dan ketrampilan dari manusia maupun tenaga kerja dalam proses pembangunan. Apabila pendidikan di suatu negara rendah, maka proses pembangunan menjadi terhambat. Pendidikan merupakan salah satu investasi sumber daya manusia dalam rangka mendapatkan kehidupan yang lebih baik (Putra & Arka, 2016). Sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas dapat dilakukan dengan cara meningkatkan atau mewadai akses pendidikan dan kesehatan yang layak bagi masyarakat. Dimana hal ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas masyarakat, dan mengembangkan potensi yang dimiliki sebagai pengerak pertumbuhan ekonomi. Badan Pusat Statistik mencatat perbaikan kualitas Pendidikan tercermin dari angka harapan lama sekolah yang mengalami sedikit peningkatan dari tahun sebelumnya yakni sebesar 12,95 tahun dari tahun sebelumnya yang hanya 12,91 tahun. Ini berarti anak yang berusia 7 tahun pada tahun 2019, memiliki harapan dapat menikmati Pendidikan selama 12,95 tahun atau minimal sampai jenjang Diploma 1. Sedangkan untuk bayi yang lahir tahun 2019 memiliki angka harapan hidup sekitar 71,34 tahun lebih lama 0,14 tahun dibandingkan dengan tahun 2018 yang hanya 71,20 tahun.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 349,
"width": 442,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Herry Faisal (2013) dalam (Evi Adriani, 2016) melakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh tingkat pendidikan, kesehatan, terhadap produktivitas dan kemiskinan di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pendidikan dan tingkat kesehatan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produktivitas. Semakin baik kondisi pendidikan dan kesehatan seseorang maka tingkat produktivitas akan meningkat, dan selanjutnya peningkatan produktivitas menyebabkan angka kemiskinan akan menurun. Pembangunan di bidang pendidikan dan kesehatan merupakan dua pilar untuk membentuk modal manusia (human capital) dalam proses pembangunan ekonomi dimana hal ini merupakan investasi dalam jangka panjang. Apabila kesehatan yang dimiliki masyarakat lebih baik maka akan meningkatkan daya kerja, sehingga mengurangi hari tidak bekerja dan dapat menaikkan output energi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 501,
"width": 442,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan informasi yang disajikan di atas, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana Pendidikan, Pengangguran, dan Kesehatan mempengaruhi Kemiskinan di Indonesia selama Tahun 2015-2019.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 570,
"width": 155,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 586,
"width": 439,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif dengan objek penelitian yaitu provinsi yang ada di Indonesia yang terdiri dari 34 Provinsi. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah tingkat kemiskinan, tingkat pendidikan, tingkat pengangguran terbuka, dan tingkat kesehatan sehingga jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jumlah provinsi x jumlah tahun (34 x 5 = 170 sampel). Dalam metode regresi data panel uji asumsi klasik tidak diperlukan, menurut Gujarati (2021) uji asumsi klasik tidak diperlukan dalam analisis data panel, karena data panel dapat meminimkan bias yang kemungkinan besar dapat muncul dalam hasil analisis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 696,
"width": 439,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder. Data sekunder yang digunakan berupa data time series dan cross section dalam bentuk data tahunan selama periode tahun 2015-2019. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 37,
"width": 359,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "TRANSEKONOMIKA: Akuntansi, Bisnis dan Keuangan Volume 2 ISSUE 4 (2022)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 760,
"width": 274,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AKUNTANSI, BISNIS DAN KEUANGAN | TRANSEKONOMIKA https://transpublika.co.id/ojs/index.php/Transekonomika E-ISSN: 2809-6851 | P-ISSN: 2809-6851",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 773,
"width": 9,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 114,
"width": 439,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "situs Badan Pusat Statistik, Susesnas, dan sumber lainnya seperti jurnal dan skripsi. Sehingga diperoleh data jumlah penduduk miskin dalam bentuk persen, angka melek huruf dalam bentuk persen, tingkat pengangguran terbuka dalam bentuk persen dan presentase merokok dalam bentuk persen dari tahun 2015-2019.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 170,
"width": 439,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu teknik analisis regresi data panel dengan menggunakan Software Eviews 10 . Analisis regresi pada dasarnya adalah studi atas ketergantungan suatu variabel yaitu variabel yang tergantung pada variabel lain yang disebut dengan variabel bebas dengan tujuan untuk mengestimasi dengan meramalkan nilai populasi berdasarkan nilai tertentu dari variabel yang diketahui (Gujarati, 2021). Regresi data panel yaitu gabungan dari data time series (antar waktu) dan cross section (antar individu atau ruang) (Gujarati & Porter, 2004). Data cross section dalam penenlitian ini dari 34 provinsi yang ada di Indonesia sedangkan time series selama 5 tahun dari tahun 2015-2019. Jumlah sampel keseluruhan dengan menggabungkan keduanya dalam bentuk data panel menjadi 170 sampel.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 308,
"width": 439,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sesuai dengan variabel yang telah dipaparkan sebelumnya, maka dapat dirumuskan model empiris regresi data panel sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 349,
"width": 314,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Y it = α + β 1 X1 it + β 2 X2 it + β 3 X3 it + ɛ it Keterangan :",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 377,
"width": 350,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Y : Kemiskinan ( jumlah penduduk miskin dalam persen ) X1 : Pendidikan ( angka melek huruf dalam persen ) X2 : Pengangguran ( tingkat pengangguran terbuka dalam persen ) X3 : Kesehatan ( presentase merokok ) β 1, β 2, β 3 : Koefisien Regresi i",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 446,
"width": 67,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ": 34 Provinsi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 459,
"width": 91,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "t : Tahun ɛ : eror term",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 501,
"width": 439,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam menggunakan regresi data panel terdapat beberapa metode yang digunakan untuk mengestimasi model regresi yaitu Model Common Effect, Model Fixed Effect , dan Model Random Effect. Untuk menentukan model estimasi terbaik, maka dilakukan uji kesesuaian model dengan Chow Test, Hausman Test, dan Lagrange Multiplier Test. Analisis regresi data panel menggunakan tiga model pendekatan yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 570,
"width": 122,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Model Common Effect",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 584,
"width": 425,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teknik ini sama pada analisis data cross section dan time series karena mengasumsikan bahwa koefisien intercept dan slopenya sama (konstan) untuk setiap data cross section dan time series . Dengan kata lain model ini tidak memperhatikan dimensi individu dan waktu. Namun, untuk melakukan regresinya perlu menggabungkan data cross section dan time series yang biasa disebut pool data . 2. Model Fixed Effect",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 666,
"width": 411,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teknik Model Efek Tetap ( Fixed Effect ) sudah memasukkan efek dimensi individu dan waktu. Pada model ini efek dimensi individu dan waktu terletak pada intercept dan slope pada model. Sehingga pada model ini menganggap bahwa yang sangat mempengaruhi variabel dependen adalah slope dan intercept.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 721,
"width": 122,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Model Random Effect",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 38,
"width": 334,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENGENTASAN ANGKA KEMISKINAN DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2015-2019 Rachvianti Putri Anggraeni",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 761,
"width": 336,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6 AKUNTANSI, BISNIS DAN KEUANGAN | TRANSEKONOMIKA https://transpublika.co.id/ojs/index.php/Transekonomika E-ISSN: 2809-6851 P-ISSN: 2809-6851",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 114,
"width": 411,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teknik ketiga ini hampir sama dengan Model Fixed Effect karena memasukkan efek dimensi individu dan waktu. Namun model ini beranggapan bahwa efek dimensi tersebut terletak pada error dari model.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 170,
"width": 439,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk menentukan model estimasi terbaik maka peerlu dilakukan uji kesesuaian model:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 197,
"width": 60,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Uji Chow",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 211,
"width": 411,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Chow dilakukan untuk menentukan model terbaik diantara model common effect dan fixed effect . Dengan ketentuan H0 common effect dan H1 fixed effect . Menurut Caraka (2017) apabila hasil uji chow menunjukkan nilai probabilitas lebih kecil dari tingkat signifikansi 0,05 maka dengan demikian H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima artinya model yang digunakan adalah fixed effect.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 280,
"width": 81,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Uji Hausman",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 294,
"width": 411,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Hausman digunakan untuk menentukan model terbaik antara regresi fixed effect dan random effect . Data diregresikan terlebih dahulu dengan menggunakan model random effect kemudian dibandingkan antara fixed effect dan random effect . Apabila hasil uji Hausman menunjukkan nilai probabilitas lebih kecil dari tingkat signifikansi maka H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima menunjukkan model yang digunakan adalah fixed effect .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 377,
"width": 425,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Uji Lagrange Multiplier (LM) Uji LM dilakukan untuk menentukan model terbaik antara common effect dan random effect. Apabila hasil uji LM menunjukkan nilai probabilitas lebih kecil dari tingkat signifikansi maka H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima, berarti model yang digunakan adalah random effect .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 462,
"width": 179,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 477,
"width": 266,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.1. Penentuan Teknik Analisis Regresi Data Panel",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 491,
"width": 439,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Chow digunakan untuk menentukan model yang sebaiknya digunakan antara model fixed effect atau model common effect . Hipotesis yang digunakan dalam uji Chow yaitu sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 533,
"width": 124,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H0 : Common Effect Ha : Fixed Effect",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 574,
"width": 439,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Apabila hasil probabilitas Chi-Square > 0,05 maka H0 diterima, sehingga model yang dipilih adalah common effect . Sebaliknya, jika hasil probabilitas Chi-Square < 0,05 maka H0 ditolak sehingga model yang tepat digunakan adalah fixed effect . Hasil estimasi uji Chow adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 37,
"width": 359,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "TRANSEKONOMIKA: Akuntansi, Bisnis dan Keuangan Volume 2 ISSUE 4 (2022)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 760,
"width": 274,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AKUNTANSI, BISNIS DAN KEUANGAN | TRANSEKONOMIKA https://transpublika.co.id/ojs/index.php/Transekonomika E-ISSN: 2809-6851 | P-ISSN: 2809-6851",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 773,
"width": 9,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 246,
"top": 114,
"width": 116,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2 Hasil Uji Chow",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 128,
"width": 138,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Redundant Fixed Effects Tests",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 141,
"width": 84,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Equation: Untitled",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 153,
"width": 139,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Test cross-section fixed effects",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 177,
"width": 310,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Effects Test Statistic d.f. Prob. Cross-section F 323.004954 (33,133) 0.0000 Cross-section Chi-square 747.358491 33 0.0000",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 238,
"width": 169,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber : Pengolahan Data Eviews 10",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 264,
"width": 439,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian di atas, diketahui bahwa probabilitas Chi-Square adalah 0,0000 < 0,05 sehingga H0 ditolak dan model yang sebaiknya digunakan adalah model fixed effect . Ketika model yang terpilih adalah fixed effect , maka diperlukan pengujian lanjutan yaitu dengan uji Hausman .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 319,
"width": 439,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji selanjutnya yaitu dengan menggunakan model uji Hausman . Uji Hausman digunakan untuk menentukan model terbaik antara regresi fixed effect dan random effect . Data diregresikan terlebih dahulu dengan menggunakan model random effect kemudian dibandingkan antara fixed effect dan random effect . Hipotesis yang digunakan dalam uji Hausman yaitu sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 389,
"width": 121,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H0 : Random Effect Ha : Fixed Effect",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 430,
"width": 439,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Apabila hasil uji Hausman menunjukkan nilai probabilitas lebih kecil dari tingkat signifikansi (α = 0,05), maka H0 ditolak sehingga model estimasi terbaik yaitu model fixed effect . Jika hasil uji Hausman menunjukkan nilai probabilitas lebih besar dari tingkat signifikansi (α = 0,05), maka H0 diterima sehingga model estimasi terbaik yaitu model random effect . Berikut ini adalah hasil estimasi uji Hausman :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 513,
"width": 242,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 3 Hasil Uji Hausman Correlated Random Effects - Hausman Test Equation: Untitled Test cross-section random effects",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 576,
"width": 310,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Test Summary Chi-Sq. Statistic Chi-Sq. d.f. Prob. Cross-section random 5.004072 3 0.1715 Sumber : Pengolahan Data Oleh Eviews 10",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 662,
"width": 439,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 3, dapat dilihat bahwa nilai probabilitas sebesar 0,1715 yang berarti lebih besar dari tingkat signifikansi (α = 0,05) maka H0 diterima. Hal tersebut berarti model terbaik yang digunakan untuk analisis regresi data panel adalah model random effect .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 38,
"width": 334,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENGENTASAN ANGKA KEMISKINAN DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2015-2019 Rachvianti Putri Anggraeni",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 761,
"width": 336,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8 AKUNTANSI, BISNIS DAN KEUANGAN | TRANSEKONOMIKA https://transpublika.co.id/ojs/index.php/Transekonomika E-ISSN: 2809-6851 P-ISSN: 2809-6851",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 114,
"width": 214,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.2. Uji Data Panel dengan Random Effect",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 128,
"width": 439,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan uji analisis model yang telah dilakukan maka model regresi data panel yang digunakan adalah random effect Model. Model random effect menggunakan pendekatan Generalized Least Square (GLS) sehingga tidak perlu dilakukan uji asumsi klasik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 105,
"top": 183,
"width": 398,
"height": 106,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 4 Hasil Uji Random Effect Model Variabel Bebas t-statistik t-tabel Probabilitas Kesimpulan Pengangguran 5.645436 1.97436 0.0000 Positif Signifikan Pendidikan -6.214635 1.97436 0.0000 Positif Signifikan Kesehatan -1.432146 1.97436 - 0.1540 Negatif Tidak Signifikan C (Kemiskinan) 7.53379 1.97436 0.0000 Sumber : Pengolahan Data Eviews 10",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 303,
"width": 93,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.3. Uji Parsial T",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 317,
"width": 242,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Variabel Pengangguran Terhadap Kemiskinan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 331,
"width": 439,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa variabel pengangguran memiliki t hitung (5,645436) > t tabel (1,97453) dan nilai probabilitas sebesar 0,0000 < tingkat signifikansi (α = 0,05). Hal ini berarti tingkat pengangguran berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini juga sesuai dengan penelitian Permana & Arianti (2012) yang menyatakan bahwa tingkat pengangguran memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kemiskinan. Kurangnya lapangan pekerjaan serta rendahnya kualitas sumber daya manusia sehingga masyarakat tidak mampu untuk bekerja dan tidak mampu untuk menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan. Semakin menurunnya kesejahteraan masyarakat karena menganggur maka, akan meningkatkan peluang terjebak dalam kemiskinan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 469,
"width": 231,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Variabel Pendidikan Terhadap Kemiskinan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 483,
"width": 439,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa variabel pendidikan memiliki t hitung (-6,214635) > t tabel (1,97436) dan nilai probabilitas sebesar 0,0000 < tingkat signifikansi (α = 0,05). Hal ini berarti tingkat pendidikan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Indonesia. Dimana, pendidikan membuat orang menjadi memahami dan menguasai ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, yang dapat mempengaruhi perilaku terhadap pola dan kebiasaan konsumsi. Mereka yang berpendidikan tinggi akan lebih selektif melakukan pengeluaran untuk konsumsi. Presentase kemiskinan dapat menurun melalui peningkatan kualitas pembangunan manusianya. Hal ini sesuai dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Maizunati (n.d.) yang menyatakan bahwa adanya hubungan signifikan positif antara penduduk yang tidak tamat SD dengan persentase penduduk miskin di Kabupaten Klaten, Sukoharjo, Wonogiri dan Boyolali.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 634,
"width": 439,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Variabel Kesehatan Terhadap Kemiskinan Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa variabel pendidikan memiliki t hitung (-1,432146) < t tabel (1,97436) dan nilai probabilitas sebesar 0,1540 > tingkat signifikansi (α = 0,05). Hal ini berarti tingkat kesehatan berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Indonesia. Dalam hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa strategi yang dilakukan pemerintah Indonesia belum efektif dan efisien dalam menurunkan angka kemiskinan. Dapat dilihat dari nilai probabilitas yang lebih besar dari tingkat signifikansi (α = 0,05).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 37,
"width": 359,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "TRANSEKONOMIKA: Akuntansi, Bisnis dan Keuangan Volume 2 ISSUE 4 (2022)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 760,
"width": 274,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AKUNTANSI, BISNIS DAN KEUANGAN | TRANSEKONOMIKA https://transpublika.co.id/ojs/index.php/Transekonomika E-ISSN: 2809-6851 | P-ISSN: 2809-6851",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 773,
"width": 9,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 114,
"width": 439,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Maka terjadinya kemiskinan di Indonesia bukan disebabkan oleh tingkat kemiskinan melainkan oleh variabel lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 156,
"width": 127,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.4. Uji Simultan (Uji F)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 170,
"width": 439,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji F bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh semua variabel independen (pengangguran, pendidikan, kesehatan) secara simultan (bersama-sama) terhadap variabel dependen yaitu kemiskinan. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh diperoleh hasil F-statistik sebesar 29,02221 dengan nilai probabilitas (F-statistik) sebesar 0,000000. Karena hasil probabilitas (signifikan) lebih kecil dari 0,05 berarti dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengangguran, pendidikan dan kesehatan secara bersama-sama berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kemiskinan pada tingkat signifikansi 5%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 280,
"width": 162,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.5. Koefisien Determinan (R2)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 294,
"width": 439,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Koefisien determinasi (R2) digunakan untuk mengukur seberapa jauh kemampuan model dalam menerangkan variasi variabel terikat. Nilai koefisien determinasi adalah antara 0 dan 1. Nilai R² yang kecil berarti kemampuan variabel‐variabel bebas dalam menjelaskan variasi variabel terikat amat terbatas (Ghozali & Latan, 2015). Berdasarkan hasil regresi yang telah dilakukan dapat diketahui bahwa nilai R-squared sebesar 0,344046 ini menunjukkan bahwa variasi variabel dependen (kemiskinan) sebesar 34,40%. Sedangkan sisanya sebesar 65,60% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain diluar variabel yang diteliti.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 404,
"width": 126,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.6. Persamaan Regresi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 418,
"width": 439,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kemiskinan = f(Pengangguran, Pendidikan, Kesehatan) Kemiskinanit = β 0it + β 1 Pengangguran it + β 2 Pendidikan it + β 3 Kesehatan it + Ɛ it Kemiskinanit = 54,78172 + 0,405701 Pengangguran it - 0,464962 Pendidikan it - 0,045183 Kesehatan it + Ɛ it",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 487,
"width": 284,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari persamaan tersebut maka dapat menunjukkan bahwa:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 501,
"width": 421,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Nilai koefisien konstanta sebesar 54,78172. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat variabel sistematis lain yang juga mempengaruhi tingkat kemiskinan di Indonesia yang tidak masuk ke dalam model.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 542,
"width": 421,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Nilai koefisien pengangguran sebesar 0,405701. Ketika terjadi peningkatan pengangguran sebesar 1% mengakibatkan kenaikan tingkat kemiskinan sebesar 0,405701% serta pengangguran berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Indonesia.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 597,
"width": 424,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Nilai koefisien pendidikan sebesar -0,464962. Berarti setiap kenaikan pendidikan sebesar 1% akan mengakibatkan penurunan tingkat kemiskinan sebesar 0,464962% serta pendidikan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Indonesia",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 653,
"width": 421,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4) Nilai koefisien kesehatan sebesar -0,045183. Maka setiap peningkatan kesehatan sebesar 1% akan mengakibatkan penurunan tingkat kemiskinan sebesar 0,045183%, namun kesehatan berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Indonesia.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 38,
"width": 334,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENGENTASAN ANGKA KEMISKINAN DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2015-2019 Rachvianti Putri Anggraeni",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 761,
"width": 339,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "10 AKUNTANSI, BISNIS DAN KEUANGAN | TRANSEKONOMIKA https://transpublika.co.id/ojs/index.php/Transekonomika E-ISSN: 2809-6851 P-ISSN: 2809-6851",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 115,
"width": 105,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 130,
"width": 86,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.1. Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 144,
"width": 439,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari analisis data yang telah dilakukan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel pengangguran berpengaruh positif terhadap kemiskinan di Indonesia. Artinya, apabila terjadi banyak pengangguran atau orang yang tidak memiliki pendapatan maka, kemiskinan juga akan bertambah. Kemiskinan juga dapat dipantau dari tidak cukupnya pendapatan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan konsumsi rumah tangga. Hal ini dapat mempengaruhi kesejahteraan masyarakat. Dapat dilihat dari nilai probabilitas sebesar 0,0000 yang signifikan dalam taraf α=1%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 241,
"width": 439,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Variabel pendidikan memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap kemiskinan di Indonesia. Dengan pendidikan yang layak dan sesuai dengan standart membuat orang menjadi pintar sehingga dapat meningkatkan produktivitas. Apabila terjadi peningkatan pendidikan maka, akan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat karena sumber daya manusia yang dimiliki meningkat. Dapat dilihat dari nilai probabilitas sebesar 0,0000 yang signifikan dalam taraf α=1%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 323,
"width": 439,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sedangkan variabel kesehatan tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap kemiskinan di Indonesia. Saat terjadinya peningkatan pendidikan maupun kesehatan tidak akan memberikan dampak terhadap kemiskinan di Indonesia. Dapat dilihat dari nilai probabilitas sebesar 0,1540 yang tidak signifikan dalam taraf α=1%, α=5%, ataupun α=10%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 392,
"width": 52,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.2. Saran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 406,
"width": 383,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan temuan dan kesimpulan, berikut saran yang dapat diperhitungkan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 420,
"width": 439,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Dalam mengurangi angka kemiskinan di Indonesia kebijakan yang dilakukan pemerintah harus dilakukan secara optimal yaitu dengan meningkatkan akses sarana dan prasarana khususnya di bidang pendidikan dan kesehatan bagi masyarakat",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 461,
"width": 392,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Bantuan yang diberikan pemerintah perlu ditinjau kembali agar tepat sasaran.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 475,
"width": 439,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Penyediaan lapangan kerja sesuai dengan potensi yang dimiliki setiap wilayah harus ditingkatkan selain itu, pemberdayaan masyarakat terutama dari pemerintah daerah dapat mengurangi angka kemiskinan yaitu dengan mengadakan kegiatan yang dapat memacu kreativitas masyakat agar dapat meningkatkan pendapatan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 37,
"width": 359,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "TRANSEKONOMIKA: Akuntansi, Bisnis dan Keuangan Volume 2 ISSUE 4 (2022)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 760,
"width": 274,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AKUNTANSI, BISNIS DAN KEUANGAN | TRANSEKONOMIKA https://transpublika.co.id/ojs/index.php/Transekonomika E-ISSN: 2809-6851 | P-ISSN: 2809-6851",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 495,
"top": 773,
"width": 15,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "11",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 250,
"top": 115,
"width": 113,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 130,
"width": 442,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Apdillah, D., Panjaitan, K., Stefanny, N. T. P., & Surbakti, F. A. (2022). The Global Competition In The Digital Society 5.0 Era: The Challenges Of The Younger Generation. Journal of Humanities, Social Sciences and Business (JHSSB) , 1 (3), 75– 80. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55047/jhssb.v1i3.151",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 185,
"width": 442,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Evi Adriani, W. (2016). Pengaruh Tingkat Pendidikan, Kesehatan Dan Pendapatan Terhadap Kemiskinan Di Provinsi Jambi. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi , 16 (2), 58–73.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 227,
"width": 442,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ghozali, I., & Latan, H. (2015). Partial least squares konsep, teknik dan aplikasi menggunakan program smartpls 3.0 untuk penelitian empiris. Semarang: Badan Penerbit UNDIP .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 268,
"width": 346,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gujarati, D. N. (2021). Essentials of econometrics . SAGE Publications.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 282,
"width": 442,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gujarati, D. N., & Porter, D. C. (2004). Basic econometrics, 4th edn, the MacGraw Hill.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 296,
"width": 442,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "New York . Maizunati, N. A. (n.d.). Optimalisasi peran pendidikan dasar dalam mengentaskan kemiskinan di kabupaten klaten . 3 . Meriyanti, N. K., Ekonomi, J. P., & Ekonomi, F. (2015). Pengaruh Program Indeks Pembangunan Manusia ( IPM ) Terhadap Pengentasan Kemiskinan Di Kecamatan Buleleng Tahun 2011-2014 .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 379,
"width": 442,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Permana, A. Y., & Arianti, F. (2012). Analisis Pengaruh PDRB, Pengangguran, Pendidikan, Dan Kesehatan Terhadap Kemiskinan Di Jawa Tengah Tahun 2004-2009. Diponegoro Journal of Economics , 1 (1), 1–8.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 420,
"width": 442,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Prasetyowati, H., & Panjawa, J. L. (2022). Teknologi Dan Distribusi Pajak Mendukung Kualitas Pembangunan Manusia. Transekonomika: Akuntansi, Bisnis Dan Keuangan , 2 (2), 23–36.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 461,
"width": 442,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Putra, I. K. A. A., & Arka, S. (2016). Analisis Pengaruh Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka, Kesempatan Kerja, Dan Tingkat Pendidikan Terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan Pada Kabupaten / Kota Di Provinsi Bali. EP Unud , 7 (3), 416–444.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 503,
"width": 442,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Soejoto, A., & Ameillia, K. (2013). Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Dan Pengangguran Terhadap Kemiskinan Di Jawa Timur. Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi , 1 , 1–15. Soleh, A. (2014). Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Kemiskinan di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnin , 2 , 197–209.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 558,
"width": 442,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sukmaraga, P. (2011). Analisis Pengaruh Indeks Pembangunan Manusia, PDRB Perkapita dan Jumlah Pengangguran terhadap Jumlah Penduduk Miskin Di Provinsi Jawa Tengah Tahun 2008. Jurnal Ekonomi , 02 , 20–21.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 599,
"width": 442,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sutrisno. (2021). Improvement Of Human Resources Competence With Academic Quality Policy In The Economic Sector Of Higher Education Providers In East Java. Transformational Language, Literature, and Technology Overview in Learning (TRANSTOOL) , 1 (1), 19–28.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 110,
"top": 655,
"width": 281,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55047/transtool.v1i1.104",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 668,
"width": 442,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Widianingsih, W., & Suryantini, A. (2015). Konstribusi Sektor Pertanian Pada Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Agro Ekonomi , 26 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 38,
"width": 334,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENGENTASAN ANGKA KEMISKINAN DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2015-2019 Rachvianti Putri Anggraeni",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 761,
"width": 339,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "12 AKUNTANSI, BISNIS DAN KEUANGAN | TRANSEKONOMIKA https://transpublika.co.id/ojs/index.php/Transekonomika E-ISSN: 2809-6851 P-ISSN: 2809-6851",
"type": "Page footer"
}
] |
8a0e502c-0047-3f67-c3b4-be50dd59d3a1 | https://journal.sekawan-org.id/index.php/jtim/article/download/78/58 | [
{
"left": 41,
"top": 37,
"width": 205,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JTIM : Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Multimedia",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 466,
"top": 37,
"width": 80,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2715-2529",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 48,
"width": 127,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 2, No. 1, Mei 2020, hlm. 1-11",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 466,
"top": 48,
"width": 80,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2684-9151",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 773,
"width": 7,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 784,
"width": 180,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "* Penulis Korespondensi (Reza Andrian) Email : [email protected]",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 42,
"top": 87,
"width": 517,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sistem Informasi Tunjangan Kinerja Untuk Menentukan Tambahan Penghasilan Pegawai Negeri Sipil Menggunakan Metode Design Science Research",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 46,
"top": 155,
"width": 507,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "( Performance Allowance Information System for Determining Additional Civil Servant Income Using the Design Science Research Method )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 258,
"top": 207,
"width": 79,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Reza Andrian [1]*",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 150,
"top": 240,
"width": 299,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[1] Program Studi Magister Ilmu Komputer, Universitas Budi Luhur",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 205,
"top": 256,
"width": 185,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E-mail: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 46,
"top": 292,
"width": 208,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KEYWORDS: ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 46,
"top": 302,
"width": 506,
"height": 205,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Additional Employee Income (TPP), Design Research System, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), DeLone and McLean Model Providing Additional Employee Income (TPP) is a refinement of existing benefits and will be a specific allowance to boost performance and at the same time guarantee fairness in the provision of benefits. Lately, there has been a decline in the percentage of service quality levels to the community and staffing administration services. This is due to the slow acceptance of TPP to the employees, causing disciplinary and demotivation to the employees. Not only that, there are many other factors that influence this delay, especially concerning the incomplete supporting documents, errors in calculations and the absence of regulations regarding the implementation of performance allowances in each agency. Therefore, to help solve existing problems, an information system design is needed that can help to make it easier to determine TPP by using the Design Science Research method. From the results of testing the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) hypothesis states that the system that has been made is acceptable and the influence of user convenience, usability and attitude variables has an influence of 92.5% and from the results of testing the success of the system using the DeLone and McLean model 9 hypotheses submitted 7 hypotheses proven significantly, the test results prove that Service Quality does not have a positive effect on User Satisfaction and User Satisfaction does not have a positive effect on the System Benefit (Net Benefit) while other variables are tested significant in measuring the success of users system, so the model is stated to be appropriate in representing the results of the study. KATA KUNCI:",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 205,
"top": 499,
"width": 44,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 46,
"top": 509,
"width": 127,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tambahan Penghasilan Pegawai (TPP), Design Research System, Technology Acceptance Model",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 46,
"top": 540,
"width": 139,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(TAM), DeLone and McLean Model",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 205,
"top": 509,
"width": 347,
"height": 226,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemberian Tambahan Penghasilan Pegawai (TPP) merupakan penyempurnaan dari tunjangan yang telah ada dan akan menjadi satu tunjangan yang spesifik untuk memacu kinerja dan sekaligus menjamin keadilan dalam pemberian tunjangan. Akhir-akhir ini, tercatat adanya penurunan persentase tingkat kualitas pelayanan terhadap masyarakat dan layanan administrasi kepegawaian. Hal ini disebabkan lambatnya dalam hal penerimaan TPP kepada para pegawai sehingga menyebabkan adanya tindakan indisipliner dan demotivasi pada pegawai. Tidak hanya itu, banyak faktor lain yang mempengaruhi keterlambatan ini terutama soal ketidaklengkapan dokumen pendukung, kesalahan dalam perhitungan dan belum adanya peraturan soal pelaksanaan tunjangan kinerja di setiap instansi. Oleh karena itu, untuk membantu menyelesaikan masalah yang ada maka dibutuhkan suatu perancangan sistem informasi yang dapat membantu untuk memberikan kemudahan dalam menentukan TPP dengan menggunakan metode Design Science Research. Dari hasil pengujian hipotesa Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) menyatakan bahwa sistem yang telah dibuat dapat diterima dan pengaruh variabel kemudahan pengguna, kegunaan dan sikap pengguna memiliki pengaruh sebesar 92.5% dan dari hasil pengujian kesuksesan sistem menggunakan model DeLone and McLean 9 hipotesis yang diajukan 7 hipotesis terbukti secara signifikan, hasil pengujian membuktikan bahwa Kualitas Layanan (Service Quality) tidak berpengaruh positif terhadap Kepuasan Pengguna (User Satisfaction) dan Kepuasan Pengguna (User Satisfaction) tidak berpengaruh positif terhadap Manfaat sistem (Net Benefit) sedangkan variabel lainnya teruji signifikan dalam mengukur keberhasilan penggunan sistem, sehingga model dinyatakan telah sesuai dalam merepresentasikan hasil penelitian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 37,
"width": 345,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 JTIM : Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Multimedia , Vol. 2, No. 1, Mei 2020, hlm. 1-11",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 71,
"width": 86,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "I. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 88,
"width": 260,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kesejahteraan Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) sangat berkaitan erat dengan kompensasi, khususnya dalam pemberian tunjangan kinerja berupa Tambahan Penghasilan Pegawai (TPP). Pemberian tunjangan kinerja dilakukan berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan Atas UU Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian, pada bagian penjelasan umum menyebutkan, manajemen PNS diatur secara menyeluruh, dengan menetapkan norma, standar, dan prosedur yang seragam dalam penetapan formasi, pengadaan, pengembangan, penetapan gaji, dan program kesejahteraan, serta pemberhentian yang merupakan unsur dalam manajemen PNS, baik PNS Pusat maupun PNS Daerah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 295,
"width": 260,
"height": 273,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemberian TPP selain mensejahterakan dan memotivasi PNS untuk bekerja lebih giat, juga bertujuan meningkatkan pelayanan terhadap masyarakat. Akhir-akhir ini, tercatat adanya penurunan persentase tingkat kualitas pelayanan terhadap masyarakat dan layanan administrasi kepegawaian di suatu lembaga instansi yang ada di pemerintah suatu kabupaten. Setelah dilakukan penelitian awal dengan melakukan observasi dan wawancara terhadap pegawai di instansi tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa menurun nya kualitas pelayanan terhadap masyarakat disebabkan lambatnya dalam hal penerimaan TPP kepada para pegawai sehingga menyebabkan adanya tindakan indisipliner dan demotivasi. Tidak hanya itu, banyak faktor lain yang mempengaruhi keterlambatan ini terutama soal ketidaklengkapan dokumen pendukung, kesalahan dalam perhitungan dan belum adanya peraturan soal pelaksanaan tunjangan kinerja di setiap instansi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 571,
"width": 260,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kriteria pemberian tunjangan kinerja (tambahan penghasilan) adalah penggunaan pengetahuan atau keahlian yang mendalam, keterampilan khusus, besarnya resiko yang harus dihadapi, dan berbagai hal yang secara teknis langsung terkait dengan lingkup pekerjaan seseorang [1]. Tambahan penghasilan adalah imbalan langsung yang dibayarkan kepada karyawan karena prestasi melebihi standar yang ditentukan [2].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 695,
"width": 260,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Design Science Research ( DSR ) yang terdiri dari gabungan dua kata yaitu \" Design Science \" (Ilmu Design) dan \" Research Methodology \" (Metodologi Penelitian) sehingga",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 62,
"width": 260,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "bertujuan untuk lebih memahami konsep yang menghubungkan antara penelitian dengan sistem informasi dan ilmu komputer sebagai suatu metodologi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 118,
"width": 261,
"height": 231,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode DSR menggabungkan prinsip, praktik, dan prosedur yang diperlukan, untuk melakukan penelitian tersebut harus memenuhi tiga tujuan yaitu: konsisten dengan literatur sebelumnya, menyediakan model proses nominal untuk melakukan penelitian dan menyediakan model mental untuk menyajikan serta mengevaluasi penelitian. Dengan kata lain, Metode DSR bertujuan untuk meningkatkan produksi, presentasi, dan evaluasi penelitian ilmu desain serta konsisten dengan prinsip dan pedoman penelitian ilmu desain yang telah ditetapkan dalam studi penelitian sebelumnya [3]. DSR dapat digunakan sebagai metode dalam penyelesaian masalah yang berupaya menciptakan inovasi berdasarkan ide, praktik, kemampuan teknis, design analisis, implementasi, manajemen dan penggunaan sistem informasi secara efektif dan efisien [4].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 352,
"width": 261,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penggunaan metode DSR pernah dilakukan oleh penelitian sebelumnya dengan judul “ A Design Science Research Methodology And It’s Application To Accounting Information Systems Research ”. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai penelitian ilmu desain ( design science research ) dan DSRM, kemudian melakukan penerapan DSRM untuk penelitian AIS ( Accounting Information System ) melalui analisis retroaktif. Penelitian ini mengintegrasikan DSRM ke dalam spesifikasi operational jaringan perangkat lunak dan menggunakan literatur REA ( Resource-Event-Agent ) untuk tujuan ilustrasi [5].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 399,
"top": 541,
"width": 80,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "II. M ETODOLOGI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 562,
"width": 141,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A. Metode Pemilihan Sample",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 579,
"width": 260,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam penelitian ini teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah non probability sampling dengan menggunakan jenis purposive sampling , dikarenakan peneliti sudah menentukan target yang diperkirakan paling sesuai sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian sehingga diharapkan dapat menjawab permasalahan penelitian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 683,
"width": 150,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B. Metode Pengumpulan Data",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 700,
"width": 260,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan studi literatur yang bersumber dari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 37,
"width": 506,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JTIM : Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Multimedia , Vol. 2, No. 1, Mei 2020, hlm. 1-11 3",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 62,
"width": 260,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "jurnal, buku, tesis, dan website yang berkaitan dengan TPP dari metode yang digunakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 98,
"width": 89,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "C. Teknik Analisa",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 114,
"width": 260,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teknik analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah menggunakan pendekatan Object Oriented Analysis (OOA) atau analisis berorientasi obyek.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 163,
"width": 151,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "D. Teknik Perancangan Sistem",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 180,
"width": 260,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teknik perancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan metode Object Oriented Design (OOD) atau Design Berorientasi Obyek dengan menggunakan tools Unified Modeling Language (UML).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 257,
"width": 177,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E. Metode Design Science Research",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 273,
"width": 260,
"height": 370,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penjelasan metode Design Science Research (DSR) merupakan bagian dari ilmu \"Buatan\" yang di dukung oleh ilmu pengetahuan alam dan manusia. Metode DSR menyajikan dan mengevaluasi metodologi untuk melakukan penelitian tentang ilmu design dalam sistem informasi [6]. Metode DSR menggabungkan prinsip, praktik, dan prosedur yang diperlukan, untuk melakukan penelitian tersebut harus memenuhi tiga tujuan yaitu: konsisten dengan literatur sebelumnya, menyediakan model proses nominal untuk melakukan penelitian dan menyediakan model mental untuk menyajikan serta mengevaluasi penelitian. Dengan kata lain, “metode DSR bertujuan untuk meningkatkan produksi, presentasi, dan evaluasi penelitian ilmu desain serta konsisten dengan prinsip dan pedoman penelitian ilmu desain yang telah ditetapkan dalam studi penelitian sebelumnya ” [3]. DSR dapat digunakan sebagai metode dalam penyelesaian masalah yang berupaya menciptakan inovasi berdasarkan ide, praktik, kemampuan teknis, design analisis, implementasi, manajemen dan penggunaan sistem informasi secara efektif dan efisien [4]. Aktifitas yang digunakan yaitu identifikasi masalah dan motivasi, mendefinisikan objek solusi permasalahan, perancangan dan pengembangan, demonstrasi, evaluasi dan komunikasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 191,
"width": 218,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gbr. 1 Design Science Research Methodology Model",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 210,
"width": 197,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "F. Teknik Pengujian Penerimaan Sistem",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 227,
"width": 260,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam teknik pengujian sistem, penulis melakukan tahap pengujian dengan metode Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) untuk menguji sistem yang telah dirancang. TAM adalah sebuah teori sistem informasi yang dirancang untuk menjelaskan bagaimana pengguna mengerti dan menggunakan sebuah teknologi informasi [7].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 442,
"width": 203,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gbr. 2 Model Skema Penelitian Menentukan TPP",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 462,
"width": 246,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "G. Teknik Pengujian Kesuksesan Perangkat Lunak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 478,
"width": 260,
"height": 260,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam penelitian ini penulis melakukan pengujian kesuksesan perangkat lunak dengan menggunakan model DeLone and McLean yang menyebutkan bahwa information quality, system quality dan service quality akan berpengaruh positif pada use dan user satisfaction dan selanjutya akan berpengaruh positif pada net benefit atau hasil akhir [8]. Strategi pengujian perangkat lunak selalu menyertakan perencanaan pengujian, perancangan kasus pengujian, pelaksanaan pengujian, dan evaluasi serta pengumpulan data hasil pengujian [9]. Metode DeLone and McClean merupakan pengujian untuk mengukur kesuksesan atas software yang telah dikembangkan sehinngga dapat diterima oleh pengguna [10]. Model ini merefleksi ketergantungan dari enam pengukuran kesuksesan sistem informasi. Keenam variabel atau faktor pengukuran dari model ini yaitu kualitas informasi ( information quality ), kualitas sistem ( system quality ), kualitas pelayanan ( service quality ),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 37,
"width": 345,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4 JTIM : Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Multimedia , Vol. 2, No. 1, Mei 2020, hlm. 1-11",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 62,
"width": 260,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "penggunaan ( use ), kepuasan pengguna ( user satisfaction ), dan manfaat bersih ( net benefit ) [11]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 209,
"width": 219,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gbr. 3 DeLone and McLean Is Success Model (2003)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 102,
"top": 230,
"width": 134,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "III. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 252,
"width": 175,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A. Analisis Proses Sistem Berjalan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 269,
"width": 263,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis proses bisnis dari sistem kepegawaian yang sedang berjalan dilakukan untuk mendapatkan informasi berdasarkan hasil observasi dan wawancara, diperoleh data dan dokumen terkait proses sistem yang akan dirancang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 345,
"width": 104,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B. Proses Transaksi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 362,
"width": 260,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada proses transaksi, proses yang dilakukan oleh pegawai yang ada di instansi pemerintah kabupaten tersebut dimana terjadi interaksi antara pegawai dengan kepala bidang, admin instansi dan pusat data yang merupakan proses inti dalam pembayaran TPP.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 439,
"width": 98,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "C. Proses Presensi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 455,
"width": 260,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proses presensi merupakan suatu proses pencatatan data dan kehadiran pegawai mulai dari waktu masuk dan pulang pada periode waktu tertentu sesuai dengan jadwal yang telah ditentukan. Prosedur untuk melakukan penyimpanan data presensi dari sistem yang berjalan yaitu pegawai melakukan presensi melalui mesin fingerprint .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 560,
"width": 209,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "D. Proses Validasi Laporan Kerja Harian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 576,
"width": 260,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proses validasi atau persetujuan laporan kerja harian dilakukan oleh kepala bidang dengan melakukan monitoring atau pemantauan kepada semua pegawai dan menerima layanan pengaduan dari luar yang terkait dengan pekerjaan dan layanan di instansi pemerintah kabupaten tersebut serta melakukan audiens dengan para pegawai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 680,
"width": 141,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E. Proses Perhitungan TPP",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 697,
"width": 260,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam proses menentukan TPP digunakan perhitungan berdasarkan formula atau rumus yang telah ada sesuai dengan peraturan dan dibayarkan kepada pegawai setiap akhir bulan berdasarkan hasil",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 62,
"width": 260,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "akumulasi jumlah absensi, pph pasal 21, aspek perilaku dan prestasi kerja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 98,
"width": 213,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "F. Proses Verifikasi Laporan dan Presensi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 114,
"width": 260,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proses verifikasi laporan dan presensi dilakukan oleh admin pusat data berdasarkan laporan yang diberikan oleh admin instansi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 163,
"width": 122,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "G. Proses Laporan TPP",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 180,
"width": 260,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proses ini adalah data laporan TPP kemudian di klasifikasikan menjadi laporan harian, bulanan dan tahunan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 229,
"width": 221,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H. Perancangan Dan Pengembangan Sistem",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 246,
"width": 263,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perancangan sistem menentukan bagaimana sistem akan memenuhi tujuan tersebut, dalam hal ini: perangkat keras, perangkat lunak, infrastruktur jaringan antarmuka pengguna, formulir dan laporan, serta program-program khusus, database, dan file yang akan dibutuhkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 334,
"width": 186,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Perancangan Spesifikasi Program",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 354,
"width": 246,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk melihat hasil Perancangan spesifikasi program terdiri dari :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 385,
"width": 87,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Class Diagram",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 399,
"width": 118,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Deployment Diagram",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 413,
"width": 135,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Perancangan Database",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 426,
"width": 246,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perancangan database yaitu menggambarkan jenis hubungan diantara berbagai entitas yang terlibat dalam sistem informasi tunjangan kinerja untuk menentukan TPP.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 482,
"width": 214,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Perancangan Infrastruktur Architecture",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 495,
"width": 246,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahapan ini akan menjelaskan bentuk atau rancangan sistem informasi yang akan dikembangkan. Perancangan infrastruktur sistem informasi tersebut adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 701,
"width": 234,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gbr. 4 Infrastruktur Sistem Informasi Tunjangan Kinerja",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 721,
"width": 82,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "I. Demonstrasi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 37,
"width": 506,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JTIM : Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Multimedia , Vol. 2, No. 1, Mei 2020, hlm. 1-11 5",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 62,
"width": 260,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahapan demonstrasi pada sistem dilakukan setelah hasil analisis dan perancangan sudah disetujui oleh kepala bidang dan pegawai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 110,
"width": 129,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Lingkungan Kontruksi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 130,
"width": 246,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Studi kelayakan pada dasarnya dilaksanakan dalam rangka pemenuhan kebutuhan informasi pengguna sistem yang akan dirancang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 177,
"width": 117,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Kontruksi Database",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 194,
"width": 246,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Konstruksi database dilakukan menggunakan software database MySQL. Tool software yang digunakan adalah MySQL Workbench.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 37,
"top": 241,
"width": 141,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Kontruksi User Interface",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 261,
"width": 246,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada konstruksi user interface, peneliti menampilkan beberapa gambar tampilan yang di gunakan pada perancangan sistem informasi tunjangan kinerja untuk menentukan TPP.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 458,
"width": 166,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gbr. 5 Tampilan Menu Pengajuan TPP",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 614,
"width": 207,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gbr. 6 Tampilan Menu Verifikasi Pengajuan TPP",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 369,
"top": 200,
"width": 157,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gbr. 7 Tampilan Menu Laporan TPP",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 219,
"width": 63,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "J. Evaluasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 239,
"width": 221,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Pengujian Technology Acceptance Model",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 259,
"width": 247,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk melihat hasil penerimaan sistem yang telah dibuat ini yaitu dengan menggunakan model Pengujian Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Dari hasil penyebaran kuisioner ini maka dilakukan pengujian validitas dan uji reliabilitas menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS ( Statistical Product and Service ).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 373,
"top": 493,
"width": 148,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gbr. 5 Model Awal Kuesioner TAM",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 508,
"width": 246,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari model awal TAM diatas diperoleh sebuah usulan hipotesis awal yaitu sebagai berikut: H1 = Ada pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan PEU terhadap PU H2 = Ada pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan PU terhadap ATU H3 = Ada pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan PEU dan PU terhadap ATU Tingkat kepercayaan 95%, a = 0.05",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 638,
"width": 140,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Karakteristik Responden",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 655,
"width": 246,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data responden dengan total responden berjumlah 30 pegawai dalam pengujian model TAM yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 703,
"width": 196,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Pengujian Validitas dan Realibilitas",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 37,
"width": 345,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6 JTIM : Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Multimedia , Vol. 2, No. 1, Mei 2020, hlm. 1-11",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 62,
"width": 246,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selanjutnya pengujian terhadap kuesioner untuk mengukur tingkat kebaikan kuesioner dengan analisis validitas dan reliabilitas kuesioner.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 104,
"width": 83,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a) Uji Validitas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 63,
"top": 118,
"width": 237,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji validitas pada penelitian ini dapat dilihat pada tabel yang disajikan berikut ini:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 63,
"top": 145,
"width": 181,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Pengujian Preceived Ease Of Use",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 159,
"width": 219,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengujian validitas PEU terdapat 8 butir pertanyaan dengan total responden berjumlah 30 pegawai atau N= 30, nilai dari tabel r yg di dapat adalah : 0.361 pengujian validitas PEU dikatakan valid jika nilai setiap pearson correlation atau r hitung lebih dari nilai r tabel yang tentukan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 262,
"width": 185,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1 Uji Validitas Preceived Ease Of Use",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 282,
"width": 197,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "item r hitung r tabel Keterangan PEU1 0.669 0.361 Valid PEU2 0.757 0.361 Valid PEU3 0.797 0.361 Valid PEU4 0.793 0.361 Valid PEU5 0.550 0.361 Valid PEU6 0.797 0.361 Valid PEU7 0.793 0.361 Valid PEU8 0.550 0.361 Valid",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 381,
"width": 223,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari hasil uji validitas Preceived Ease Of Use , berdasarkan tabel diatas, semua nilai r hitung indikator PEU lebih besar dari r tabel nya maka semua indikator PEU telah valid.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 63,
"top": 437,
"width": 173,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Pengujian Preceived Usefulness",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 450,
"width": 220,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengujian validitas PU terdapat 8 butir pertanyaan dengan total responden berjumlah 30 pegawai atau N= 30, nilai dari tabel r yg di dapat adalah : 0.361 pengujian validitas PU dikatakan valid jika nilai r hitung lebih dari nilai r tabel yang tentukan. Berikut hasil pengujian (PU1) sampai dengan (PU8).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 554,
"width": 178,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2 Uji Validitas Preceived Usefulness",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 574,
"width": 197,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "item r hitung r tabel Keterangan PU1 0.645 0.361 Valid PU2 0.863 0.361 Valid PU3 0.941 0.361 Valid PU4 0.800 0.361 Valid PU5 0.578 0.361 Valid PU6 0.941 0.361 Valid PU7 0.800 0.361 Valid PU8 0.578 0.361 Valid",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 673,
"width": 220,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari hasil uji validitas Perceived Usefulness , berdasarkan tabel diatas, semua nilai rhitung indikator PU lebih besar dari r tabel nya maka semua indikator PU telah valid.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 63,
"top": 728,
"width": 180,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Pengujian Attitude Toward Using",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 62,
"width": 220,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengujian validitas AU terdapat 6 butir pertanyaan dengan total responden berjumlah 30 pegawai atau N= 30, nilai dari tabel r yg di dapat adalah : 0.361 pengujian validitas AU dikatakan valid jika nilai r hitung lebih dari nilai r tabel yang tentukan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 152,
"width": 184,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 3 Uji Validitas Attitude Toward Using",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 356,
"top": 172,
"width": 196,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "item r hitung r tabel Keterangan ATU1 0.810 0.361 Valid ATU2 0.369 0.361 Valid ATU3 0.584 0.361 Valid ATU4 0.618 0.361 Valid ATU5 0.810 0.361 Valid ATU6 0.584 0.361 Valid",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 249,
"width": 222,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari hasil uji validitas Attitude Toward Using , berdasarkan tabel diatas, semua nilai rhitung indikator ATU lebih besar dari rtabel nya maka semua indikator ATU telah valid.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 305,
"width": 95,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b) Uji Realibilitas",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 332,
"top": 318,
"width": 238,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengujian reliabilitas instrumen dengan menggunakan rumus Cronbach’s Alpha karena instrumen penelitian ini berbentuk angket dan skala bertingkat. Berikut pengujian reliabilitas yang terdapat pada PU, PEU, dan AU berikut ini :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 332,
"top": 386,
"width": 181,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Pengujian Preceived Ease Of Use",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 350,
"top": 400,
"width": 220,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Adapun pengujian reliabilitas Preceived Ease Of Use (PEU) dapat di lihat berikut ini:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 350,
"top": 435,
"width": 195,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 4 Uji Reliabilitas Preceived Ease Of Use",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 375,
"top": 450,
"width": 132,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items 0.908 8",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 484,
"width": 220,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari hasil analisis di dapat nilai koefisien reliabilitas ( cronbach alpha ) sebesar 0.908 >",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 511,
"width": 217,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "0.6. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa butir- butir instrument penelitian tersebut reliable.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 539,
"width": 237,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Pengujian Preceived Usefulness Adapun pengujian reliabilitas Preceived Usefulness dapat di lihat:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 353,
"top": 587,
"width": 188,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 5 Uji Reliabilitas Preceived Usefulness Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items 0.927 8",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 636,
"width": 219,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari hasil analisis di dapat nilai koefisien reliabilitas ( cronbach alpha ) sebesar 0.927 > 0.6. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa butir- butir instrument penelitian tersebut reliable.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 692,
"width": 237,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Pengujian Attitude Toward Using Adapun pengujian reliabilitas Attitude Toward Using (ATU) dapat di lihat:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 350,
"top": 740,
"width": 194,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 6 Uji Reliabilitas Attitude Toward Using",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 37,
"width": 506,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JTIM : Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Multimedia , Vol. 2, No. 1, Mei 2020, hlm. 1-11 7",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 62,
"width": 132,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items 0.845 8",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 96,
"width": 220,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari hasil analisis di dapat nilai koefisien reliabilitas ( cronbach alpha ) sebesar 0.845 > 0.6. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa butir- butir instrument penelitian tersebut reliable.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 152,
"width": 120,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c) Uji Normalitas Data",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 63,
"top": 165,
"width": 237,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji normalitas data dengan menggunakan Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S test) merupakan pengujian statistik non-parametris yang paling sering digunakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 227,
"width": 221,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 7 Uji Normalitas Data One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test Total N 30 Normal Parameters a,b Mean 98.10 Std. Deviation 10.324 Most Extreme Differences Absolute .173 Positive .125 Negative -.173 Test Statistic .173 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .022 c",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 351,
"width": 134,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Test distribution is Normal. b. Calculated from data. c. Lilliefors Significance Correction.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 63,
"top": 384,
"width": 238,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil uji normalitas data, Hipotesis Uji yaitu: H 0 : Data berdistribusi normal H 1 : Data tidak berdistribusi normal Pilih nilai alpha 5% dan diperoleh nilai p-value = 0.220 (dapat dilihat pada baris Asymp. Sig. (2- tailed)). Nilai sig. uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov sebesar 0.220 > 0.05 maka data hasil keputusan adalah menerima H 0 yaitu berdistribusi normal dan dapat memenuhi asumsi uji t.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 509,
"width": 83,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "d) Uji Hipotesa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 63,
"top": 522,
"width": 240,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan cara uji t. Uji t bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah secara parsial variabel independen (X) berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap variabel dependen (Y). Hasil uji t dengan menggunakan regresi linear berganda dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 63,
"top": 605,
"width": 40,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Uji t",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 619,
"width": 219,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji t dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh pada PEU (H1) dan PU (H2) terhadap ATU (H3).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 660,
"width": 220,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dasar pengambilan keputusan pada Uji t yaitu :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 688,
"width": 210,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Jika nilai sig < 0.05 atau t hitung > t tabel maka terdapat pengaruh variabel X terhadap variabel Y.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 62,
"width": 210,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Jika nilai sig > 0.05 atau t hitung < t tabel maka tidak terdapat pengaruh variabel X terhadap variabel Y.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 350,
"top": 104,
"width": 220,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berikut ini adalah hasil dari pengujian yang dapat dilihat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 408,
"top": 138,
"width": 78,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 8 Hasil Uji t",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 350,
"top": 206,
"width": 220,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berikut adalah uraian dari masing-masing hipotesis :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 352,
"top": 233,
"width": 218,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Pengujian berdasarkan variabel PEU, bahwa PEU berpengaruh terhadap PU.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 378,
"top": 261,
"width": 192,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hal ini dibuktikan dimana nilai sig 0.000 < 0.05 dan nilai t hitung > nilai t tabel 17.135 > 2.052. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa H1 diterima berpengaruh terhadap PU.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 352,
"top": 330,
"width": 218,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Pengujian berdasarkan variabel PU, bahwa PU berpengaruh terhadap ATU. Hal ini dibuktikan dimana nilai sig",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 378,
"top": 371,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "0.038 < 0.05 dan nilai t hitung > t tabel",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 378,
"top": 385,
"width": 193,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.883 > 2.052. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa H2 diterima atau PU",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 378,
"top": 413,
"width": 138,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "berpengaruh terhadap ATU.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 332,
"top": 427,
"width": 223,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) ANOVA (Analysis Of Variance) atau Uji F",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 350,
"top": 440,
"width": 223,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji regresi secara bersama-sama (Uji F) digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bersama-sama antara variabel independen (X) terhadap variabel dependen (Y).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 350,
"top": 496,
"width": 219,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dasar pengambilan keputusan pada Uji t yaitu :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 523,
"width": 210,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Jika nilai sig < 0.05 atau F hitung > F tabel maka terdapat pengaruh variabel X secara simultan terhadap variabel Y.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 565,
"width": 211,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Jika nilai sig > 0.05 atau F hitung < F tabel maka tidak terdapat pengaruh variabel X secara simultan terhadap variabel Y.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 620,
"width": 210,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berikut hasil Uji F dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut ini:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 371,
"top": 654,
"width": 152,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 9 Hasil Uji ANOVA atau Uji F",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 350,
"top": 722,
"width": 219,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan output diatas diketahui nilai signifikansi untuk pengaruh H1 dan H2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 37,
"width": 345,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8 JTIM : Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Multimedia , Vol. 2, No. 1, Mei 2020, hlm. 1-11",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 62,
"width": 220,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "terhadap H3 adalah sebesar 0.000 < 0.05 dan nilai F hitung 165.572 > F tabel 3.34, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa H3 diterima yang berarti terdapat pengaruh PEU dan PU secara simultan terhadap ATU.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 63,
"top": 131,
"width": 213,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Koefisien Diterminasi (Model Summary)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 145,
"width": 219,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Model summary digunakan untuk",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 159,
"width": 219,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mengetahui hubungan antara variabel bebas dan variabel yang terkait, berikut dapat di lihat pada tabel berikut ini:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 112,
"top": 207,
"width": 131,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 10 Hasil Model Summary",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 270,
"width": 220,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari tabel diatas dapat dlihat bahwa diketahui nilai R Square sebesar 0.925, hal ini mengandung arti bahwa pengaruh variabel PEU dan PU secara simultan terhadap variabel ATU adalah sebesar 92.5%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 345,
"width": 210,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Pengujian Model DeLone And McLean",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 362,
"width": 246,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari model Delone and McLean diperoleh sebuah usulan hipotesis awal yaitu sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 390,
"width": 245,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H1 .Terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara Information Quality (IQ) terhadap Use (U) H2 .Terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 431,
"width": 246,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Information Quality (IQ) terhadap User Satisfaction (US).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 459,
"width": 245,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H3 .Terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara Service Quality (SEQ) terhadap Use (U).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 486,
"width": 245,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H4 .Terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara Service Quality (SEQ) terhadap User Satisfaction (US). H5 .Terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara System Quality (SQ) terhadap Use (U).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 542,
"width": 245,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H6 .Terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara System Quality (SQ) terhadap User Satisfaction (US). H7 .Terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara Use (U) terhadap Net Benefit (NB).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 597,
"width": 245,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H8 .Terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara Use (U) terhadap User Satisfaction (US).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 624,
"width": 245,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H9 .Terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara User Satisfaction (US) terhadap Net Benefit (NB).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 652,
"width": 137,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Karakteristik Responden",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 666,
"width": 246,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data responden dengan total responden berjumlah 30 pegawai dalam pengujian model DeLone and",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 693,
"width": 221,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "McLean yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 707,
"width": 228,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Evaluasi Model Pengukuran (Outer Model)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 721,
"width": 246,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam menggunakan smartPLS, evaluasi model dilakukan dengan uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 62,
"width": 246,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji validitas ada dua macam, yaitu uji validitas konvergen dan diskriminan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 90,
"width": 135,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Uji Validitas Konvergen",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 104,
"width": 247,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Validitas konvergen mempunyai makna bahwa seperangkat indikator mewakili satu variabel laten dan yang mendasari variabel laten tersebut. Parameter uji validitas konvergen dapat diketahui berdasarkan hasil output alogaritma smartPLS berupa outer loading . Hasil outer loading yaitu semua indikator memiliki loading factor lebih dari 0.7. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel dan indikator yang digunakan adalah valid.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 228,
"width": 144,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4) Uji Validitas Diskriminan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 242,
"width": 247,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Validitas diskriminan ( discriminant validity ) merujuk kepada derajat ketidaksesuaian antara atribut-atribut yang seharusnya tidak diukur oleh alat ukur dan konsep-konsep teoretis tentang variabel tersebut. Parameter uji validitas diskriminan dapat diketahui dari hasil output algoritma yang berupa cross loading , akar AVE dan korelasi variabel laten.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 352,
"width": 93,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5) Uji Realibilitas",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 366,
"width": 247,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suatu indikator dikatakan reliabel apabila nilai dari cronbach alpha lebih dari 0.6 dan composite reliability lebih dari 0.7.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 407,
"width": 247,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji realibilitas diketahui bahwa variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini memiliki nilai cronbach’s alpha lebih dari 0.6, nilai dari composite reliability adalah lebih dari 0.7 dan Average Variance Extracted (AVE) masing- masing konstruk atau indikator lebih dari 0.50. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel- variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini telah reliabel.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 532,
"width": 217,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6) Evaluasi Model Struktural (Inner Model)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 545,
"width": 247,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Inner Model dilakukan untuk menguji hubungan antara konstruk eksogen dan endogen yang telah dihipotesiskan sebelumnya. Ada 3 kriteria nilai R2 yaitu : 0.67 (kuat), 0.33 (moderat) dan 0.19 (lemah). Semakin tinggi R2 berarti semakin baik. Nilai R2 ditampilkan pada tabel sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 385,
"top": 649,
"width": 125,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 11 Hasil Nilai R Square",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 719,
"width": 247,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil nilai R square diketahui bahwa Koefisien determinasi (R square Adjusted)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 37,
"width": 506,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JTIM : Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Multimedia , Vol. 2, No. 1, Mei 2020, hlm. 1-11 9",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 62,
"width": 246,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "digunakan untuk menunjukan seberapa besar pengaruh variabel yang mempengaruhi terhadap variabel yang dipengaruhi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 104,
"width": 246,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Dari tabel di atas 0.869 menunjukkan bahwa 86.9% dari varians Net Benefit dapat dijelaskan oleh perubahan dalam variabel Use dan User Satisfaction . 2. Dari tabel di atas 0.821 menunjukkan bahwa 82.1% dari varians Use dapat dijelaskan oleh perubahan dalam variabel Information Quality, Service Quality dan System Quality . 3. Dari tabel di atas 0.914 menunjukkan bahwa 91.4% dari varians User Satisfaction dapat dijelaskan oleh perubahan dalam variabel Information Quality , Service Quality, System Quality dan Use .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 283,
"width": 246,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nilai masing-masing R Square pada masing- masing variabel yaitu Net Benefit 0.878 lebih dari 0.670, Use 0.840 lebih dari 0.670 dan User Satisfaction 0.926 lebih dari 0.670 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel tersebut memiliki pengaruh yang kuat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 366,
"width": 82,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7) Uji Hipotesis",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 380,
"width": 247,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil pengujian hipotesis dapat diperoleh dengan menjalankan program dengan Bootstrapping . Hipotesis diterima apabila memiliki nilai t-statistik lebih dari 1.96. Di bawah ini disajikan hasil nilai path coefficient pada tabel dan gambar model struktural pada gambar berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 112,
"top": 470,
"width": 130,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 12 Hasil Path Coefficient",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 578,
"width": 216,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis disimpulkan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 591,
"width": 230,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Hipotesis H1 diterima. Hipotesis H1 menyatakan bahwa Kualitas Informasi ( Information Quality ) berpengaruh positif terhadap Penggunaan sistem ( Use ). Dan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 647,
"width": 212,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "variabel kualitas informasi dapat menjelaskan sebanyak 0.461 memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap sistem informasi tunjangan kinerja untuk menentukan TPP.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 716,
"width": 230,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Hipotesis H2 diterima. Hipotesis H2 menyatakan bahwa Kualitas Informasi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 356,
"top": 62,
"width": 212,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "( Information Quality ) berpengaruh positif terhadap Kepuasan Pengguna ( User Satisfaction ). Dan variabel kualitas informasi dapat menjelaskan sebanyak 0.292 memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap sistem informasi tunjangan kinerja untuk menentukan TPP.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 159,
"width": 237,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Hipotesis H3 diterima. Hipotesis H3 menyatakan bahwa Kualitas Layanan ( Service Quality ) berpengaruh positif terhadap Penggunaan sistem ( Use ). Dan variabel kualitas layanan dapat menjelaskan sebanyak 0.485 memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap sistem informasi tunjangan kinerja untuk menentukan TPP. 4. Hipotesis H4 ditolak. Hipotesis H4 menyatakan bahwa Kualitas Layanan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 356,
"top": 297,
"width": 220,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "( Service Quality ) tidak berpengaruh positif terhadap Kepuasan Pengguna ( User",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 356,
"top": 325,
"width": 219,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Satisfaction ). Dan variabel kualitas layanan dapat menjelaskan sebanyak 0.166 tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap sistem informasi tunjangan kinerja untuk menentukan TPP.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 394,
"width": 238,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Hipotesis H5 diterima. Hipotesis H5 menyatakan bahwa Kualitas Sistem ( System Quality ) berpengaruh positif terhadap Penggunaan sistem ( Use ). Dan variabel kualitas sistem dapat menjelaskan sebanyak 0.341 memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap sistem informasi tunjangan kinerja untuk menentukan TPP.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 504,
"width": 237,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. Hipotesis H6 diterima. Hipotesis H6 menyatakan bahwa Kualitas Sistem ( System Quality ) berpengaruh positif terhadap",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 356,
"top": 545,
"width": 220,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kepuasan Pengguna ( User Satisfaction ). Dan variabel kualitas sistem dapat menjelaskan sebanyak 0.254 memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap sistem informasi tunjangan kinerja untuk menentukan TPP.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 614,
"width": 231,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7. Hipotesis H7 diterima. Hipotesis H7 menyatakan bahwa Penggunaan sistem ( Use ) berpengaruh positif terhadap Manfaat sistem ( Net Benefit ). Dan variabel penggunaan sistem dapat menjelaskan sebanyak 0.808 memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap sistem informasi tunjangan kinerja untuk menentukan TPP.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 725,
"width": 230,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8. Hipotesis H8 diterima. Hipotesis H8 menyatakan bahwa Penggunaan sistem",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 37,
"width": 350,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "10 JTIM : Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Multimedia , Vol. 2, No. 1, Mei 2020, hlm. 1-11",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 62,
"width": 212,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "( Use ) berpengaruh positif terhadap Kepuasan Pengguna ( User Satisfaction ).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 90,
"width": 212,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dan variabel penggunaan sistem dapat menjelaskan sebanyak 0.470 memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap sistem informasi tunjangan kinerja untuk menentukan TPP.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 159,
"width": 230,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9. Hipotesis H9 ditolak. Hipotesis H9 menyatakan bahwa Kepuasan Pengguna ( User Satisfaction ) tidak berpengaruh positif terhadap Manfaat sistem ( Net",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 214,
"width": 146,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Benefit ). Dan variabel",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 214,
"width": 212,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kepuasan penggunaan sistem dapat menjelaskan sebanyak 0.136 tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap sistem informasi tunjangan kinerja untuk menentukan TPP.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 131,
"top": 292,
"width": 77,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "IV. KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 309,
"width": 251,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat diambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 59,
"top": 337,
"width": 247,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Dengan adanya kehadiran sistem informasi tunjangan kinerja untuk menentukan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 364,
"width": 229,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tambahan Penghasilan Pegawai Negeri Sipil dengan menggunakan metode Design Science Research, penerimaan TPP kepada pegawai menjadi tepat waktu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 59,
"top": 419,
"width": 247,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Meningkatnya kualitas pelayanan terhadap masyarakat juga administrasi kepegawaian.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 59,
"top": 447,
"width": 243,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Dengan adanya sistem yang terintegrasi dengan mesin fingerprint kepala bidang dapat memonitor laporan kerja harian dan presensi pegawai.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 59,
"top": 502,
"width": 243,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Model sistem informasi sistem informasi tunjangan kinerja untuk menentukan TPP yang telah dibuat dapat diterima oleh pegawai di instansi pemerintah kabupaten tersebut, hal ini dibuktikan dengan penyebaran kuisioner menggunakan Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) yang menyatakan bahwa sistem yang telah dibuat dapat diterima dan pengaruh variabel kemudahan pengguna, kegunaan dan sikap pengguna memiliki pengaruh sebesar 92.5%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 59,
"top": 654,
"width": 243,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Berdasarkan pembahasan pada penelitian kesuksesan tunjangan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 218,
"top": 668,
"width": 83,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kinerja untuk",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 682,
"width": 225,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menentukan TPP di instansi tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa dari 9 hipotesis yang diajukan 7 hipotesis terbukti secara signifikan, hasil pengujian membuktikan membuktikan bahwa Kualitas Layanan ( Service Quality )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 346,
"top": 62,
"width": 225,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "tidak berpengaruh positif terhadap Kepuasan Pengguna ( User Satisfaction ) dan Kepuasan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 346,
"top": 90,
"width": 98,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengguna ( User",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 346,
"top": 90,
"width": 225,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Satisfaction ) tidak berpengaruh positif terhadap Manfaat sistem ( Net Benefit ) sedangkan variabel lainnya teruji signifikan dalam mengukur keberhasilan penggunan sistem informasi tunjangan kinerja untuk menentukan TPP, sehingga model dinyatakan telah sesuai dalam merepresentasikan hasil penelitian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 420,
"top": 225,
"width": 51,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "REFERENSI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 240,
"width": 17,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[1]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 236,
"width": 228,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "W. Kumorotomo, “Tunjangan Kinerja Daerah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 254,
"width": 260,
"height": 150,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(TKD) dan Upaya Peningkatan Kinerja Pegawai:Kasus di Provinsi Gorontalo dan Provinsi DKI Jakarta,” J. Kebijak. dan Manaj. PNS , vol. 5, pp. 1 – 15, 2011. [2] Panggabean, Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia . Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia, 2002. [3] Ken Peffers, Tuure Tuunanen, Marcus A. R othenberger, and Samir Chatterjee, “A Design Science Research Methodology for Information Systems Research,” J. Manag. Inf. Syst. , vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 45 – 77, 2007.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 406,
"width": 260,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[4] A. R. Hevner, S. T. March, J. Park, and S. Ram, “Design Science in Information Systems",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 429,
"width": 260,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "R esearch,” MIS Q. , vol. 28, no. 1, p. 75, 2004. [5] G. Guido L, “A Design Science Research",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 461,
"width": 227,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Methodology And Its Application To",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 470,
"width": 228,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Accounting Information Systems Research,”",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 488,
"width": 228,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Int. J. Account. Inf. Syst. , vol. 12, no. 2, pp.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 498,
"width": 78,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "142 – 151, 2011.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 512,
"width": 260,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[6] A. Alturki, G. G. Gab le, and W. Bandara, “The Design Science Research Roadmap: In Progress evaluation,” in Proceedings of the 17th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems , 2013, p. 160.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 581,
"width": 260,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[7] F. D. Davis, “Perceived Usefulness, Perceived",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 599,
"width": 229,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology,” Japanese J. Appl. Phys. Kunio Okimura al Jpn. J. Appl. Phys , vol.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 640,
"width": 123,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "34, no. September, 1989.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 654,
"width": 260,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[8] P. H. Saputro, A. D. Budiyanto, and A. J. Santoso, “Model Delone and Mclean untuk Mengukur Kesuksesan E-government Kota Pekalongan,” J. Inf. Syst. , vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1 – 8, 2015.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 723,
"width": 260,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[9] R. S. Pressman, Software Engineering . New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 37,
"width": 511,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JTIM : Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Multimedia , Vol. 2, No. 1, Mei 2020, hlm. 1-11 11",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 58,
"width": 260,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[10] J. M. Hudin and D. Riana, “Kajian",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 76,
"width": 228,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keberhasilan Penggunaan Sistem Informasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 90,
"width": 227,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Accurate Dengan Menggunakan Model",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 104,
"width": 228,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kesuksesan Sistem Informasi Delon Dan Mclean,” vol. 12, pp. 1– 8, 2016.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 131,
"width": 23,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[11]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 127,
"width": 228,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "W. H. DeLone and E. R. McLean, “The",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 145,
"width": 230,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DeLone and McLean Model of Information Systems Success: A Ten- Year Update,” J. Manag. Inf. Syst. , vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 9 – 30, 2003.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
2222fba3-8353-e1cf-2d2a-495d05c862d6 | https://jurnal.lapan.go.id/index.php/ijreses/article/download/3908/2935 | [
{
"left": 238,
"top": 38,
"width": 293,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences Vol. 21 No. 1 2024: 28 – 36",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 793,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "28",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 61,
"width": 394,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Utilization of Geographic Information System Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for Detailed Mapping of Sriwedari Cultural Heritage Complex in Surakarta City",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 164,
"top": 130,
"width": 267,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dewi Novita Sari 1* , Tri Cahyo Utomo 1 , Muhammad Doriski 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 154,
"width": 440,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1 Faculty of Geography, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 238,
"top": 190,
"width": 124,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e-mail: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 167,
"top": 214,
"width": 264,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Received: 06-02-2024; Revised:17-03-2024; Approved: 17-03-2024",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 236,
"width": 457,
"height": 248,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstract. Sriwedari cultural heritage complex in the City of Surakarta, Middle Java, is one of the buildings from the golden era of Keraton Kesunanan of Surakarta. Sriwedari park was built as a recreation area, entertainment, and recreation place for the Keraton family, which is why it’s called “Kebon Rojo” (Park of King). Besides being a park, there are a couple of other cultural heritage buildings like Radya Pustaka museum, Wayang Orang Building, Sriwedari Stadium, and Segaran. According to the Ministry of Education and Culture Republic of Indonesia, Sriwedari has become a kind of cultural heritage in the form of sites. The purpose of this research (1) Utilization of spatial based technology using a Geographic Information System that can map in detail the location of cultural heritage with the data sources from the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) complete with the coordinate position and supporting information; (2) 3D Visualization using GIS-based software for distributive functional communication media that is communicative for the people. There are three stages of methods in this research. First, license/permission and collecting coordinate data (Ground Control Point) GCP, data of object distance in the field, and other information related to functions of every building. Second, UAV data processing uses spatial-based software, Agisoft Photoscan, and ArcGIS. Third, 3D and 2D map visualization about the building detail, and function. The specific results including 3D visualization of main gate of the complex, Segaran Reservoir, Graha Wisata Niaga, office, Sriwedari Market, mosque area, and museum. It is better used a combination of double grid and circular mission produce 3D visualization with a flying height of 120 m, 72% overlap, and 7 5 ̊ side lap. This research included on the webgis, visitors can understand the contents of the cultural heritage complex and its history.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 496,
"width": 417,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords: 3D, Cultural Heritage Mapping, GIS, Photogrammetry Application, UAV",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 534,
"width": 109,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1 INTRODUCTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 559,
"width": 215,
"height": 221,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sriwedari Park is a park that accommodates cultural art activities while preserving the history (heritage buildings) in it. In Surakarta City Regional Regulation Number 4 of 2021 Concerning the Spatial Plan for the City of Surakarta 2021-2041 (Peraturan Daerah Kota Surakarta Nomor 4 Tahun 2021 Tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kota Surakarta Tahun 2021- 2041, 2021), Sriwedari Park is included in the Cultural Heritage Area and Green Open Space. Within the area of Sriwedari Park are several cultural heritage buildings, including Radya Pustaka Museum, Wayang Orang Building, Sriwedari Stadium, and Segaran (Ami et al., 2012). Sriwedari area as a public",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 534,
"width": 215,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "space has undergone many spatial and usability changes. Modernization and urban development policy further eliminate the spirit of Sriwedari Park as the king's park that has historical and cultural value for the people of Surakarta. One construction in progress is the construction of the Greater Mosque of Sriwedari Park, which will be built on the land of the former indoor amusement park to the east of Sriwedari Stadium.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 670,
"width": 215,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In line with this, the people and the government of Surakarta need to know detailed information about the building in Sriwedari Park so that the spirit of cultural heritage conservation balanced with innovation in renewable technology can be realized. The use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Indonesia to map spatial patterns and cultural",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 238,
"top": 38,
"width": 293,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences Vol. 21 No. 1 2024: 28 – 36",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 793,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "29",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 51,
"width": 215,
"height": 172,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "heritage sites is new (Amin et al., 2023). GIS can map the location of cultural heritage with data sources from unmanned aircraft or Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), including the coordinates and information related to the cultural heritage (Suhartono, 2007). The use of GIS can also be integrated into the form of visual maps, both 2D and 3D (Fitri & Widartono, 2016), GIS websites, web blogs, and infographics that make it easier for the general public to know information about Sriwedari Cultural Heritage (Utomo et al., 2023).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 224,
"width": 215,
"height": 234,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Objects, buildings, or structures can be categorized as cultural heritage as the criteria in accordance with Undang- Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2010 pasal 5 (Pemerintah Republik Indonesia, 2010). It can representing a style period of at least 50 (fifty) years old. It has a special meaning for history, science, education, religion, and/or culture, and cultural values for strengthening the nation's personality (Indah Sari, 2015). Generally, the function of building includes residential function, religious function, business function, social and cultural function, and special function. Mapping the cultural heritage complex is important to do considering several aspects of the building's function which can be a reflection of history and culture.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 458,
"width": 215,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The research gap from previous study in the field of archaeological mapping is 3D visualization which very important for the purposes of recording, documenting, and reconstructing, in order to protect and manage",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 519,
"width": 215,
"height": 247,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "cultural assets (Kadobayashi et al., 2002; Grussenmeyer et al., 2008). The most practical and most accurate approach in recording, modeling, and visualizing (Sari et al., 2024) historical and archaeological sites is by combining 3D laser scanning and digital photogrammetry (Suhartono, 2007; Beraldin et al., 2000). Several related studies regarding GIS-based cultural heritage mapping have been carried out, including to identify the function of group A cultural heritage buildings in Semarang City (Indah Sari, 2015); 3D visualization of cultural heritage areas using Cityengine with Quadcopter rides (Fitri & Widartono, 2016); and the use of GIS for the preservation of sites around Borobudur Temple (Suhartono, 2007).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 51,
"width": 215,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Traditional mapping methods typically rely on manual surveying techniques such as total station surveys, plane table surveys, or handheld GPS devices. These methods require skilled personnel to collect data in the field, which can be time-consuming, labor-intensive, and prone to human error. Traditional mapping methods also only produce standalone datasets that are difficult to integrate with other geospatial data sources or analyze using modern GIS tools. Lack of interoperability and compatibility can hinder data sharing, collaboration, and holistic analysis of cultural heritage sites.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 248,
"width": 215,
"height": 246,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This research addresses how to utilize the Geographic Information System (GIS) integrated with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for detailed mapping of the Sriwedari Cultural Heritage Complex, Surakarta City, Indonesia. This study aims to map the details of buildings, functions, and information in Sriwedari Cultural Heritage Complex using the help of the Geographic Information System and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and produce 3D visualization of the Sriwedari Cultural Heritage Complex. Therefore, the extent to which Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) can be processed into a detailed map of Sriwedari Cultural Heritage Complex, Surakarta City, can be identified, which will be presented in the form of 3D interactive visualizations (Sugumaran et al., 2011).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 507,
"width": 211,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2 MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 532,
"width": 135,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.1 Tools and Materials",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 557,
"width": 215,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The tools and materials used in this study included DJI Mavic 2 Pro for aerial photo taking, iPhone 11 for data storage and remote photo taking, GPS for coordinate selection, Canon D3200 camera for documentation, Agisoft Photoscan for orthomolecular data processing, ArcGIS for spatial data processing, Pix4Dpictures for determination of flight trajectory, Acer Swift 3 Core i7 Gen 10th 8 GB RAM laptop for data processing.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 705,
"width": 215,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The selection of aerial photography using DJI Mavic 2 Pro certainly considers the quality of the resulting photos, which is good because it utilizes Superior Image quality with Hasselblad. Excellent light and color performance make it an ideal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 238,
"top": 38,
"width": 293,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences Vol. 21 No. 1 2024: 28 – 36",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 793,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "30",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 60,
"width": 215,
"height": 172,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "choice, with the Dlog-M 10-bit color profile allowing for higher color capture levels and an adjustable aperture from f/2.8 to f/11, providing better control in various lighting conditions. The drone's sufficient flying quality also assists aerial capture; the Mavic 2 Pro has an optimal flight time of up to 30 minutes. Certainly, during aerial photography, the visual display during flight and the photo results are supported by the smartphone, the iPhone 11, which is already connected to the Pix4Dmapper application.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 232,
"width": 215,
"height": 209,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The aerial photography was conducted using a mission or project path so that the drone's mission path entirely encompassed the coverage of the area. The drone systematically flew following the mission or project path, with settings of 120 m altitude, 72% front overlap, 75% side overlap, and double grid, resulting in 207 photos and a flight duration of 30 minutes, with an additional 19 minutes allocated for returning to the \"going home\" point. The front and side overlap was set at 70% or higher because the photos were neither too far nor too close during the photo stitching process, with a tie point setting of 80,000.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 442,
"width": 215,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The aerial photo results are processed using Agisoft with the highest quality settings, with tie point limit and key point limit set to 80,000, optimized alignment, aggressive depth filtering in mesh building, and then the surface mesh is turned into an orthomosaic. With these settings, maximum results have been achieved and can be consumed by the community. Certainly, processing data and rendering require a laptop or computer specification that meets the standards of an Acer Swift 3 Core i7 10th Gen with 8 GB of RAM to produce good quality orthomosaics and 3D models, also with settings as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 335,
"top": 485,
"width": 193,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 2-1: Agisoft Data Processing Settings",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 508,
"width": 215,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "From these results, the final stage involves finishing by providing a layout on the orthomosaic map and digitizing the areas of the orthomosaic for use and consumption by the general public, such as providing legends and explanations of the areas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 607,
"width": 75,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.2 Methods",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 631,
"width": 215,
"height": 148,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "There were three stages in this study. The first stage was processing the permit and collecting the data in the form of coordinate data, Ground Control Point (GCP), object distance data in the field, and other information related to the function of each building in the Sriwedari Cultural Heritage Complex (Sari et al., 2022). The data acquisition using drone requires clear weather (Rohman & Prasetya, 2019). At this stage, aerial photography was carried out using a",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 238,
"top": 38,
"width": 293,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences Vol. 21 No. 1 2024: 28 – 36",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 793,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "31",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 51,
"width": 215,
"height": 234,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "drone (Danardono et al., 2023). The second stage was processing aerial photo data with the camera’s upright position with a shooting area of ±1 ha. The third stage was the visualization of advanced website-based data processing results. The online output stage of this map is in the form of 3D visualization and scientific journal articles as a form of information for the public. Additional information obtained from informants in the field related to cultural heritage buildings in Sriwedari was written into an online- based article so that website visitors can understand the inside of the cultural heritage complex and its history and can be teaching materials to the public and academics. The complete research flow can be seen in the following flowchart.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 632,
"width": 141,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 2-2: Research Flowchart",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 657,
"width": 214,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Some of the stages of data collection in the field included:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 681,
"width": 215,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Field survey. The field survey is intended to determine the condition of the location in order to maximize the planning of what is developed in the area of Sriwedari Park. Application for permit was addressed to the Regional Development and Research Agency of Surakarta City. It was followed by",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 331,
"top": 51,
"width": 197,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "collecting information on the inside of the cultural heritage area from the manager of the Radyapustaka Museum.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 100,
"width": 215,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Ground Control Point (GCP). The boundaries of the area of Sriwedari Park, which became the research object, were used as Ground Control Point (GCP). This point became a drone flight control point using an autopilot with a grid model, which required four angles as GCP. The GCP point data in the field is in a geographic coordinate system that has x and y coordinates as follows:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 322,
"top": 248,
"width": 197,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 2-1: GCP coordinates created for each flying mission",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 273,
"width": 240,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mission Type Longitude Latitude Dimensio n (m) Camera Angle Grid -7.56877 5 ̊ 110.8133 4 5 ̊ 682 m x 475 7 0 ̊ Double Grid -7.56867 5 ̊ 110.8128 7 5 ̊ 484 m x 318 7 5 ̊ Circular Mission -7.56876 3 ̊ 110.8124 7 3 ̊ 652 m x 408 1 0 ̊ 3. UAV aerial photo. UAV aerial photo was taken using auto pilot after setting the GCP in pix4Dpictures used as flight trajectories automatically follow the grid.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 331,
"top": 440,
"width": 197,
"height": 154,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Application used when creating automatic flying trajectories was Pix4DPictures. The aerial photo taking used grid mission, double grid mission, and circular mission. The number of photos taken from the grid mission trajectory is 207 photos, double grid is 313 photos, and circular is 177 photos. The aerial photo taking started in the morning from 09.00 to 12.00.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 596,
"width": 215,
"height": 182,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. GCP binding with aerial photos. GCP dot binding to produce 3D shapes was carried out with a combination of double grid and circular mission. The method used was Block Bundle Adjustment which can restore the position of the aerial photo coordinates on the ground coordinates (geographical surface of the ground) and produce a more stereo-vision display (Eisenbei, 2009). The following is the creation of the mission of this study.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 238,
"top": 38,
"width": 293,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences Vol. 21 No. 1 2024: 28 – 36",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 793,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "32",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 130,
"top": 178,
"width": 119,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(A) Double Grid Mission",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 130,
"top": 298,
"width": 100,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(B) Circular Mission",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 130,
"top": 412,
"width": 104,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(C) Going to Mission",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 426,
"width": 214,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 2-3 : GCP binding with aerial photos according to the flying missions (A) double grid mission; (B) circular mission; (C) going mission.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 473,
"width": 215,
"height": 172,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "UAV data processing. After taking photos using a drone, the image was processed with Agisoft and Pix4Dpictures software’s. This software is efficient and has the ability to reconstruct 3D data (Malawani et al., 2020). All photos were combined into one in the form of DSM and ortho-mosaic. The processing into DSM used the components from merging align photos source data: tie point, type WGS 84 (EPSG: 4326). Ortho-mosaic result used the surface from DSM processed with default blending mode, geographic type.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 645,
"width": 214,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In the final stage of processing data visualization to form 3D and 2D for giving information to the public, the following stages of data visualization were carried out:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 707,
"width": 214,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. The creation of a detailed map of the building. The creation of a map was carried out using ArGIS software by digitizing the buildings in Sriwedari",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 756,
"width": 196,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Cultural Heritage Complex.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 60,
"width": 215,
"height": 258,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Additional building information was included in the table attributes. 2. 3D Visualization. One of the easiest approaches in 3D modeling is to extract the cloud point object photo data using elevation data (Zhao et al., 2018). The cloud points with high accuracy is usually obtained from LiDAR data. To overcome the limitations of the method, a 3D building model was made through UAV acquisition. The Build Dense Cloud step was employed in the Pix4Dpictures software to obtain DSM data. Creating a detailed map of the building using the Build Mesh feature by including source data tie points, Surface Arbitrary (3D), and face count high (90,000). Figures 4 and 5 are examples of Build Dense Cloud with Pix4Dpictures.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 319,
"width": 215,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Ground truthing involves comparing UAV-derived data with ground-based measurements or existing datasets to verify accuracy. This study conduct on-site surveys or use reference points to validate the spatial accuracy of UAV imagery and models.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 547,
"width": 165,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(A) Photo Taking Points Extract",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 699,
"width": 184,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(B) Stage Process on Pix4Dpictures",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 723,
"width": 214,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 2-4 : (A) and (B) the sequence of stages of processing aerial photo data into DSM on Pix4Dpictures.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 238,
"top": 38,
"width": 293,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences Vol. 21 No. 1 2024: 28 – 36",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 793,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "33",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 51,
"width": 215,
"height": 160,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The challenges encountered during the study were factors such as sensor calibration, image resolution, and environmental conditions which influence the precision of data captured by UAVs. Navigating the regulatory landscape to obtain necessary permits and permissions for UAV flights over Sriwedari heritage sites can be time- consuming. It is not permitted to operate at a height of more than 500 ft (150 m) in airspace areas that have been designated as having air traffic lanes.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 224,
"width": 172,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 248,
"width": 215,
"height": 185,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The UAV aerial photo taking produced 489 aerial photos. The number of UAV aerial photos produced was influenced by the parameters inputted before the UAV took off, including sidelap, overlap, altitude, and survey area shape (Albeni et al., 2018). The area of Sriwedari Cultural Heritage Complex and its surroundings is ±1 ha. The flying height is 120 m, with 72% overlap and 75% sidelap. The results of the information obtained from the creation of detailed maps include the main gate of the complex, Segaran Reservoir, Graha Wisata Niaga, office, Sriwedari Market, mosque area, and",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 51,
"width": 215,
"height": 148,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "museum. Existing facilities in Sriwedari Complex are still operating, such as museums, offices, and Graha Wisata Niaga. However, several parts of the complex, such as the Segaran Reservoir, a cultural heritage, are no longer operated. Several buildings in the southern part of the complex directly adjacent to Sriwedari Market have quiet slums and adjacent areas that can be a concentration of sustainable land management.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 199,
"width": 215,
"height": 222,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "It can be observed from the results in Figure 6 that the footprint of the building is well-recorded. The difference between building objects, vegetation, road, and water can be distinguished well. The building pattern is quite regular with low density, which allows the Sriwedari Cultural Heritage Complex to be used as a tourist attraction with a capacity of >7,000 people. Interpretation to determine objects based on the elements of image interpretation on UAV does not have to use nine elements of interpretation but simply looks at primary essential elements such as hue/ color, secondary elements, namely shape, texture, height, site/ situation/ association, and convergence of evidence.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 690,
"width": 359,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 3-1 : Detailed map result of Sriwedari Cultural Heritage Complex building",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 713,
"width": 215,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The results obtained for 3D visualization obtained from DJI Mavic 2 Pro are good enough to do landscape mapping of cultural heritage buildings. This can more accurately identify existing",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 713,
"width": 214,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "buildings in Sriwedari Cultural Heritage Complex. The 3D model was not tested for accuracy because the purpose of the study was only to obtain the detailed aspects of the complex",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 238,
"top": 38,
"width": 293,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences Vol. 21 No. 1 2024: 28 – 36",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 793,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "34",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 60,
"width": 215,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "using the combined flight trajectory method. Detailed information on the name of the cultural heritage sites within the complex also adequately describes the original appearance in the field. The following are the results of 3D modeling of the cultural heritage complex.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 284,
"width": 172,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 3-2 : 3D Visualization Result of Sriwedari Cultural Heritage Complex",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 317,
"width": 215,
"height": 271,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In making dense cloud, there were two constructions that could optimize the data set. The type used in this study is arbitrary (Figure 6). Build Mesh Arbitrary was chosen because the researchers wanted to highlight the shape of the building compared to objects captured from the ground. Build Mesh Arbitrary can be used to process data sets containing up to several hundred photos, but the results of the process usually take much less memory. In general, the creation of detailed maps and 3D visualization of landmarks of cultural heritage complex buildings is very effective when using data sources derived from UAVs. The texture of the building from the roof to the ground area will be more detailed when zooming in on the model. Software’s that can be used for building 3D visualization include Agisoft Photoscan and Pix4Dpictures.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 588,
"width": 215,
"height": 185,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The selection of side-lap, overlap, altitude, and survey area shape greatly affect the results obtained for 3D visualization. The higher the overlap and darker the value, the more photos are produced. Meanwhile, the higher the altitude value used; the fewer photos produced. In this study, the combined flight trajectory was used, which made the results less optimal. The flight trajectory was chosen using a double grid or circular. This is because the researchers' hypothesis regarding overlapping or patching the flight trajectory would be better when using a",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 60,
"width": 215,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "stereo model to produce stereoscopic observation. This stereoscopic process is necessary because, according to the basic concept of photogrammetry, when the left eye looks at the object in the left photo and the right eye sees the object in the right photo, a better 3D impression will be produced (Negara & Harintaka, 2021). However, the results obtained were considered less optimal and could not provide a more vivid 3D shape of the buildings.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 208,
"width": 215,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Meanwhile traditional mapping methods such as manual survey for preservation (Suhartono, 2007) and participatory mapping by the community can catalog its heritage resources and determine their value (Frenierre, 2020). It have been valuable for documenting cultural heritage sites, UAV and GIS technology offer significant advantages in terms of data accuracy, efficiency, accessibility, and analysis capabilities.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 343,
"width": 215,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The involvement of the public and its benefits through the processing of orthomosaic and 3D data enable the community to better understand local history, identify the distribution of cultural heritage sites, and contribute to efforts to preserve culture (Fitria et al., 2023).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 454,
"width": 102,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4 CONCLUSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 479,
"width": 215,
"height": 284,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "From the activities that were carried out, several conclusions were obtained, including the following: the presentation of detailed map of Sriwedari Cultural Heritage Complex buildings can be done using unmanned aircraft or Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Within the complex, there are the main gate of the complex, Segaran Reservoir, Graha Wisata Niaga, office, Sriwedari Market, mosque area, and museum. It is necessary to select a UAV data collection method to produce better 3D visualization. 3D model visualization used a combination of double grid and circular mission. The method used was block bundle adjustment. Cloud point processing is a crucial step in obtaining building height information. The results of the 3D landscape of the buildings obtained are good enough for a complex area of ±1 ha with a flying height of 120 m, 72% overlap, and 7 5 ̊ side lap.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 238,
"top": 38,
"width": 293,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences Vol. 21 No. 1 2024: 28 – 36",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 793,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "35",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 51,
"width": 215,
"height": 259,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Specific recommendations for future research, such as exploring the integration of other technologies (e.g., LiDAR, augmented reality) with different mission methodologies to other cultural heritage sites. One of the potential policy implications involves fostering collaboration and partnership with the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia, along with relevant stakeholders, to integrate study findings into a valuable WebGIS platform. This platform would serve as a comprehensive tool for cultural heritage preservation efforts. By leveraging the expertise and resources of the Ministry and stakeholders, as well as incorporating research outcomes, the WebGIS can effectively catalog, map, and monitor cultural heritage sites across Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 322,
"width": 131,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 347,
"width": 215,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The writers express thankfulness to Allah SWT for all His favors, which enabled them to conclude their research. The authors also appreciate the Individual Lecturer Development (PID) program research funding from the Faculty of Geography at Universitas Muhammadiyah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 433,
"width": 214,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Surakarta. Our gratitude goes to the parties such as",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 458,
"width": 214,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Daerah, Dinas Kearsipan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 470,
"width": 214,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dan Perpustakaan, and Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Kota Surakarta who have helped in this activity. Hopefully, this research can benefit all of us. Amen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 544,
"width": 80,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "REFERENCES",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 569,
"width": 214,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Albeni, Y., Sariturk, B., Atik, M. E., Öztürk,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 581,
"width": 214,
"height": 188,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "O., Duran, Z., Seker, D., Bayram, B., İncekara, A., & Çelik, M. (2018). Combination of UAV Based Digital Surface Model with 3D Model Of ITU Bicycle House Produced by Close- Range Photogrammetry . Ami, N. F., Amiuza, C. B., & Ridjal, A. M. (2012). Redesain Taman Sriwedari Kota Surakarta ( Studi Kasus Segaran ). Jurnal Mahasiswa Jurusan Arsitektur , 4 (4). Amin, C., Hidayah, B., Sari, D. N., & Priyono, K. D. (2023). Investigating Spatial Correlation Between COVID- 19 Incidence and Poverty in Klaten Regency , Central Java. Proceedings of",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 768,
"width": 190,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "the 4th Borobudur International",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 337,
"top": 51,
"width": 191,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Symposium on Science and Technology 2022 (BIS-STE 2022 , 2022 , 775 – 790. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94- 6463-284-2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 98,
"width": 215,
"height": 235,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Beraldin, J.-A., Blais, F., Boulanger, P., Cournoyer, L., Domey, J., El-Hakim, S. F., Godin, G., Rioux, M., & Taylor, J. (2000). Real world modelling through high resolution digital 3D imaging of objects and structures. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing , 55 (4), 230 – 250. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1 016/S0924-2716(00)00013-7 Danardono, Wibowo, A. A., Sari, D. N., Priyono, K. D., & Dewi, E. S. M. (2023). Tsunami Hazard Mapping Based on Coastal System Analysis Using High- Resolution Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Imagery (Case Study In Kukup Coastal Area, Gunungkidul Regency, Indonesia). Geographica Technica , 18 (2), 51 – 67. https://doi.org/10.21163/GT",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 333,
"width": 215,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Eisenbei, H. (2009). UAV Photogrammetry . Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 368,
"width": 214,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fitri, A., & Widartono, B. S. (2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 337,
"top": 380,
"width": 191,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Visualisasi 3 Dimensi Kawasan Cagar Budaya Menggunakan Cityengine dengan Wahana Quadkopter “Kompleks Candi Ijo, Kec. Prambanan,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 427,
"width": 214,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yogyakarta.” 1 – 8. Frenierre, J. La. (2020). Mapping heritage: A participatory technique for identifying tangible and intangible cultural heritage . January 2008 . https://doi.org/10.18848/1835-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 337,
"top": 497,
"width": 132,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2014/CGP/v01i01/44319",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 509,
"width": 214,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Grussenmeyer, P., Landes, T., Voegtle, T.,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 337,
"top": 521,
"width": 190,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "& Ringle, K. (2008). Comparison Methods of Terrestrial Laser Scanning,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 544,
"width": 215,
"height": 118,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Photogrammetry and Tacheometry Data for Recording of Cultural Heritage Buildings. International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences , 37 . Indah Sari, N. (2015). Pemetaan Bangunan Cagar Budaya Golongan a Di Kota Semarang Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis (Sig) . 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 662,
"width": 215,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kadobayashi, R. N. K., Otani, H., & Furukawa, R. (2002). Comparison and Evaluation OF Laser Scanning and Photogrammetry and Their Combined Use for Digital Recording of Cultural Heritage. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences , 35 (5),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 337,
"top": 756,
"width": 49,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "401 – 406.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 767,
"width": 214,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Malawani, M. N., Handayani, T., Bariq, J.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 238,
"top": 38,
"width": 293,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences Vol. 21 No. 1 2024: 28 – 36",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 793,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "36",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 60,
"width": 215,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "M., & Lukafiardi, R. (2020). Morphological Changes due to Anthropogenic Interferences in Gendol River Valley, Merapi Volcano. Forum Geografi , 33 (2), 209 – 218. https://doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v33i 2.8766 Negara, T. B., & Harintaka. (2021). Pemodelan Bangunan 3D Menggunakan Footprint Bangunan Hasil Ekstraksi Mask R-CNN dan Dense Point Cloud dari Foto Udara",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 201,
"width": 214,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "UAV. Prosiding FIT ISI Vol 1, 2021 (248- 260) , 1 , 248 – 260. Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. (2010). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 11 Tahun 2010 Tentang Cagar Budaya . Rohman, A., & Prasetya, D. B. (2019).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 283,
"width": 215,
"height": 129,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rapid Mapping for Simple Flood Mitigation Using Commercial Drone at Way Galih Village, Lampung, Indonesia. Forum Geografi , 33 (1), 101 – 113. https://doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v33i 1.8421 Sari, D. N., Anna, A. N., Taryono, T., & Maulana, M. F. (2024). Detection of Flood Hazard Potential Zones By Using Analytical Hierarchy Process in",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 412,
"width": 215,
"height": 129,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tuntang Watershed Area , Indonesia. Geographia Technica , 19 (1), 61 – 78. https://doi.org/10.21163/GT_2024.1 91.05 Sari, D. N., Utomo, T. C., Doriski, M., & Shohiyha, S. K. (2022). Pembuatan Sistem Informasi Bangunan Cagar Budaya Sriwedari Kota Surakarta Berbasis Webgis. LaGeografia , 20 (2), 1 – 12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 541,
"width": 214,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5580/lageografia.v21i1.37470 Sugumaran, Ramanathan, & DeGroote, J.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 565,
"width": 191,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(2011). Spatial Decision Support Systems Principles and Practices . Taylor and Francis Group.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 600,
"width": 214,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Suhartono, Y. (2007). Pemanfaatan GIS untuk Pelestarian Situs-Situs Sekitar Borobudur. Jurnal Konservasi Cagar Budaya Borobudur , Vol. 1 No.1 Peraturan Daerah Kota Surakarta Nomor 4 Tahun 2021 Tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kota Surakarta Tahun 2021-2041, 6 (2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 694,
"width": 214,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Utomo, T. C., Saputra, A., & Fikriyah, V. N.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 706,
"width": 190,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(2023). Perception of People ’ s Potential and Expectations Towards the",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 729,
"width": 190,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sriwedari Cultural Heritage WebGIS ( Surakarta , Indonesia ) (Vol. 1). Atlantis Press SARL. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 337,
"top": 60,
"width": 67,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "38476-066-4",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 72,
"width": 214,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Zhao, K., Kang, J., Jung, J., Sohn, G., Street, K., Drive, M., York, N., & Mb,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 337,
"top": 95,
"width": 191,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "O. N. (2018). Deep Learning-based Building Labeling 3.1. Mask R-CNN for Initial Polygon Generation. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) Workshops , 247 –",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 337,
"top": 165,
"width": 28,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "251.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
f7546c80-8c2a-6e2b-7a80-5ce3adb82c24 | https://jurnal.unived.ac.id/index.php/prof/article/download/3384/2726 | [
{
"left": 225,
"top": 803,
"width": 319,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Professional , Vol. 9 No. 2 Desember 2022 page: 375 –382 | 375",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 87,
"width": 439,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Program Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) Untuk Menanggulangi Kemiskinan Di Kelurahan Bandar Utama Kota Tebing Tinggi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 216,
"top": 147,
"width": 178,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rizka Ramadani 1) ; Erika Revida MS. 2)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 161,
"width": 448,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1) Student of Public Administration, Public Administration Study Program, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of North Sumatra",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 185,
"width": 449,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2) Lecturer of Public Administration, Public Administration Study Program, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of North Sumatra",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 181,
"top": 209,
"width": 248,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Email: 1) [email protected] ; 2) [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 258,
"top": 595,
"width": 96,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 621,
"width": 470,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berbicara tentang kemiskinan berarti berbicara tentang harkat dan martabat manusia. Sebagai suatu kondisi, kemiskinan adalah suatu fakta dimana seseorang atau sekelompok orang hidup di bawah atau lebih rendah dari kondisi hidup layak sebagai manusia disebabkan ketidakmampuan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Sementara sebagai suatu proses, dimana kemiskinan merupakan proses menurunnya daya dukung terhadap hidup seseorang atau sekelompok orang sehingga pada gilirannya ia atau kelompok tersebut tidak mampu memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya dan tidak pula mampu mencapai taraf kehidupan yang dianggap layak sesuai dengan harkat dan martabatnya sebagai manusia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 705,
"width": 471,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kemiskinan merupakan topik yang sangat penting dan krusial. Setiap Negara pasti memiliki masalah masing-masing, tidak terkecuali Negara Indonesia. Kemiskinan bukanlah sesuatu yang baru di Indonesia. Berdasarkan data Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), jumlah penduduk miskin pada bulan Maret 2021 mencapai 27,54 juta orang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 237,
"width": 74,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ARTICLE HISTORY",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 248,
"width": 112,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Received [11 November 2022] Revised [30 November 2022]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 268,
"width": 110,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Accepted [15 Desember 2022]",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 213,
"top": 237,
"width": 41,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 213,
"top": 252,
"width": 317,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Permasalahan kesejahteraan sosial khususnya kemiskinan yang terus menerus bertambah dari hari kehari maka pemerintah Indonesia melalui Kementrian Sosial Republik Indonesia mengeluarkan salah satu bentuk upaya penanganggulangan melalui pemberdayaam masyarakat dalam pengembangan Usaha Ekonomi Produktif (UEP) salah satunya dilakukan dengan membentuk program Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui dan menganalisis pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui program kelompok usaha bersama (KUBE) untuk menanggulangi kemiskinan di Kelurahan Bandar Utama Oleh Dinas Sosial Kota Tebing Tinggi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperolah kemudian dianalisis menggunakan triangulasi sebagai teknik keabsahan data. Penelitian ini dilandaskan oleh indikator pemberdayaan menurut Edi Suharto yang mengemukakan bahwa pemberdayaan masyarakat dapat dicapai melalui pemungkinan (enabling), penguatan (empowering), perlindungan (protecting), dan pendukung (supporting). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat diketahui bahwa Pemberdayan masyarakat melalui program Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) untuk menanggulangi kemiskinan di Kelurahan Bandar Utama Kota Tebing Tinggi dapat dikatakan masih belum berjalan secara optimal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 213,
"top": 426,
"width": 48,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 213,
"top": 435,
"width": 312,
"height": 145,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The problem of social welfare, especially poverty which continues to increase from day to day, the Indonesian government through the Ministry of Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia issued a form of mitigation effort through community empowerment in the development of Productive Economic Enterprises (UEP). This study aims to identify and analyze community empowerment through the joint business group (KUBE) program to reduce poverty in Bandar Utama Village by the Tebing Tinggi City Social Service. This study uses a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. The research method used is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out by means of observation, interviews and documentation. The data obtained was then analyzed using triangulation as a data validation technique. This research is based on empowerment indicators according to Edi Suharto who argues that community empowerment can be achieved through enabling, empowering, protecting, and supporting. Based on the research results, it can be seen that community empowerment through the Joint Business Group (KUBE) program to tackle poverty in the Bandar Utama Village, Tebing Tinggi City, can be said to be still not running optimally.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 315,
"width": 50,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KEYWORDS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 324,
"width": 119,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Empowerment, Joint Business Group (KUBE)",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 470,
"width": 115,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This is an open access article under the CC –BY-SA license",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 366,
"top": 42,
"width": 172,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "p-ISSN 2407-2087 e-ISSN 2722-371X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 800,
"width": 353,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "376 | Rizka Ramadani, Erika Revida MS; Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui. ..",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 73,
"width": 471,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Masalah kemiskinan dalam konteks masyarakat Indonesia merupakan masalah sosial yang senantiasa relevan untuk dikaji secara terus menerus. Ini bukan saja karena masalah kemiskinan telah ada sejak lama, melainkan pula karena masalah ini hadir di tengah-tengah kita dan bahkan kini gejalanya semakin meningkat sejalan dengan krisis multimensional yang masih dihadapi oleh bangsa Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 121,
"width": 470,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Masalah kemiskinan menjadi penyebab utama dari adanya ketimpangan ekonomi yang terjadi di antara masyarakat Indonesia dan merupakan fakta yang sudah sangat tua. Masyarakat miskin pada dasarnya memiliki kelemahan dalam kemampuan mencukupi kebutuhan hidup serta kemampuan berusaha dan terbatasnya akses terhadap kegiatan sosial ekonomi sehingga tertinggal jauh dari masyarakat lain yang memiliki potensi lebih tinggi. Oleh karena itu berdasarkan pembukaan UUD 1945 untuk mensejahterakan masyarakat dalam berbagai aspek, maka pemerintah membuat kebijakan dalam bentuk program-program bantuan sosial. Pemerintah sendiri selalu mencanangkan upaya penanggulangan kemiskinan dari tahun ketahun dengan berbagai upaya penanggulangan kemiskinan yang telah diambil pemerintah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 229,
"width": 470,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Meminimalisir permasalahan kesejahteraan sosial, khususnya kemiskinan yang terus menerus bertambah dari hari kehari maka pemerintah Indonesia melalui Kementrian Sosial Republik Indonesia mengeluarkan salah satu bentuk upaya penanganggulangan melalui program pengembangan Usaha Ekonomi Produktif (UEP) salah satunya dilakukan dengan membentuk program Kelompok Usaha Bersama",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 290,
"width": 470,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(KUBE). Kelompok Usaha Bersama adalah program penanggulangan kemiskinan yang dilandasi suatu pertimbangan atas kenyataan adanya keterbatasan yang melekat pada penyandang masalah kesejahteraan sosial dan keluarga miskin, seperti rendahnya sumber daya manusia, kurangnya modal usaha dan keterbatasan kemampuan dalam menjalin jaringan pemasaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 337,
"width": 476,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) adalah salah satu program yang dicanangkan pemerintah dan lembaga non pemerintah yang memfokuskan dalam peminjaman modal tanpa bunga untuk meningkatkan usaha kecil yang dijalankan oleh ibu-ibu rumah tangga untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya dan keluarganya serta membantu suaminya untuk dapat meningkatkan jumlah penghasilan keluarganya. Melalui program tersebut, pemerintah berupaya untuk dapat menekan angka kemiskinan melalui program pemberdayaan yang bisa dijalankan oleh anggota keluarga miskin (Kemensos RI, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 410,
"width": 471,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adapun sasaran Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) adalah setiap provinsi/kabupaten yang memiliki tingkat kemiskinan yang tinggi. Salah satu yang menjadi sasaran dilaksanakannya program pemberdayaan pengentasan kemiskinan KUBE adalah Provinsi Sumatera Utara tepatnya Kota Tebing Tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 469,
"width": 256,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 1. Jumlah Penduduk Miskin Kota Tebing Tinggi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 588,
"width": 175,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sumber: BPS Kota Tebing Tinggi 2021",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 612,
"width": 470,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan Data BPS tahun 2018 jumlah penduduk miskin Kota Tebing Tinggi menunjukan sebanyak 16.64 ribu jiwa dengan tingkat persentase penduduk miskin sebesar 10,27%. Tahun 2019 mengalami penurunan dengan jumlah penduduk miskin 16.30 ribu jiwa dengan tingkat persentase sebesar 9,85%, namun pada tahun 2020 mengalami peningkatan dengan jumlah penduduk miskin 16.32 ribu jiwa dengan tingkat persentase sebesar 9,94%. Sementara pada tahun 2021 juga mengalami peningkatan dengan jumlah penduduk miskin 17.37 ribu jiwa dengan tingkat persentase sebesar 10,30%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 684,
"width": 470,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adapun Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) di Kota Tebing Tinggi berjumlah 12 Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) yang tersebar di seluruh kelurahan di Kota Tebing Tinggi dengan berbagai jenis usaha diantaranya dalam bentuk E-Warung KUBE dan KUBE jasa dengan memperjualbelikan sembako dan keperluan rumah tangga (Dinas Sosial Kota Tebing Tinggi, 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 485,
"width": 416,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tahun Jumlah Penduduk Miskin (ribu) Persentase Penduduk Miskin (%) 2018 16.64 10, 27 2019 16.30 9,94 2020 16.32 9,65 2021 17.37 10,30",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 225,
"top": 803,
"width": 319,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Professional , Vol. 9 No. 2 Desember 2022 page: 375 –382 | 377",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 73,
"width": 159,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 1 Jumlah E-Warung KUBE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 86,
"width": 453,
"height": 164,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "No. Nama E-Warung KUBE Alamat Penyaluran 1. Abdi Sejahtera Jl Bukit Bundar Lk. III Kel. Lalang Kec. Rambutan 2. Maju Bersama Jl Yos Sudarso Gg. Famili Lk. III Kel. Tj Marulak Kec. Rambutan 3. Jaya Jl Koperasi Lk. IV Kel. Karya Jaya 4. Rambung Abadi Jaya Jl D.I Panjaitan Kel. Rambung Kec. Tebing Tinggi Kota 5. Makmur Utama Jl Pala Lk. III Kel. Bandar Utama Kec. Tebing Tinggi Kota 6. Durian Berkah Jl Sei Suka Lk. IV Kel. Durian Kec. Bajenis 7. Bropika Jl Setia Budi Lk. II Kel. Berohol Kec. Bajenis 8. Murah Rezeki Jl KF. Tandean Lk. V Kel. Bulian 9. Raymond Bersama Jl Gatot Subroto Lk. I Kel. Tualang Kec. Padang Hulu 10. Lubuk Barus Sejahtera Jl Gator Subroto Lk. I Lubuk Raya Kec. Padang Hulu. 11. Bagelen Jaya Abadi Jl. Abdul Hamid Lk. IV Kel. Bagelen",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 255,
"width": 406,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "12. Tambangan Jaya Bersama Jl Alumunium Lk. I Kel. Tambangan Kec. Padang Hilir",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 270,
"width": 216,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sumber: Dinas Sosial Kota Tebing Tinggi, 2021.",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 294,
"width": 470,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kelurahan Bandar Utama merupakan salah satu dari beberapa daerah yang terdaftar men erima bantu vuan Program Kelompok usaha Bersama (KUBE). Kelurahan Bandar Utama merupakan salah satu kelurahan yang ada di Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi Kota. Kelurahan Bandar Utama merupakan kelurahan yang terletak di Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi Kota, Kota Tebing Tinggi Provinsi Sumatera Utara dengan luas administratif 0,98km2. Kelurahan Bandar Utama terdiri dari 5 Lingkungan. Dalam lingkup Kelurahan jumlah penduduk yaitu 5.368 jiwa, jumlah KK miskin 920KK dan jumlah penduduk miskin 2.923 jiwa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 366,
"width": 471,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kondisi masyarakat di Kelurahan ini masih tergolong kurang mampu, sebagian dari warga Kelurahan Bandar Utama bermata pencaharian sebagai tukang becak, tukang cuci, dan buruh, dan bahkan masih banyak yang belum mendapatkan pekerjaan. Penghasilan yang diperoleh dari pekerjaan tersebut hanya mampu untuk memenuhi kebutuhan harian penduduk, dan belum bisa membantu untuk biaya pemeliharaan kesehatan dan pendidikan anak-anaknya. Dengan menyadari kondisi penduduk tersebut diharapkan program Kelompok Usaha Bersama dapat membantu masyarakat penerima bantuan di daerah ini dalam memperbaiki akses di berbagai bidang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 451,
"width": 471,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil pra penelitian dilapangan dalam pelaksanaan pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui KUBE untuk menanggulangi kemiskinan di Kelurahan Bandar Utama masih ditemukan adanya berbagai masalah, yakni kurangnya motivasi masyarakat dalam mengikuti program KUBE dikarenakan minimnya sosialisasi, kemampuan dan keterampilan anggota kelompok dalam hal manajerial kelompok masih terbatas, latar belakang pendidikan yang rendah, pengalaman dalam pengorganisasian kelompok terbatas, dan masih adanya masyarakat miskin yang tidak komitmen terhadap kewajibannya, sementara hak mereka sudah mereka dapatkan dengan menerima bantuan senilai Rp. 30.000.00 per KUBE. Masyarakat juga masih mengalami kesulitan dalam mengurus administrasi persyaratan program KUBE, seperti kurangnya tanggapan yang baik dari pegawai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 251,
"top": 570,
"width": 111,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "LANDASAN TEORI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 596,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kebijakan Publik",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 608,
"width": 471,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut Dye (dalam Anggara 2014: 35), kebijakan publik adalah segala sesuatu yang dikerjakan atau tidak dikerjakan oleh pemerintah, alasan suatu kebijakan harus dilakukan dan manfaat bagi kehidupan bersama harus menjadi pertimbangan yang holistik agar kebijakan tersebut mengandung manfaat yang besar bagi warganya dan tidak menimbulkan kerugian, di sinilah pemerintah harus bijaksana dalam menetapkan suatu kebijakan. Pengertian lain dikemukakan oleh Anderson dalam Agustino (2017: 17) mendefinisikan kebijakan publik sebagai serangkaian kegiatan yang mempunyai tujuan tertentu yang diikuti dan dilaksanakan oleh seorang atau sekelompok aktor yang berhubungan dengan permasalahan atau sesuatu hal yang diperhatikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 704,
"width": 471,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dari pengertian kebijakan publik sebagaimana telah diuraikan di atas, maka dapat dirumuskan istilah pelayanan publik ialah serangkaian tindakan yang tidak dilakukan atau yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah dimana berorientasi pada tujuan tertentu guna untuk memecahkan masalah-masalah publik atau demi kepentingan publik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 366,
"top": 42,
"width": 172,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "p-ISSN 2407-2087 e-ISSN 2722-371X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 800,
"width": 353,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "378 | Rizka Ramadani, Erika Revida MS; Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui. ..",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 73,
"width": 131,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pemberdayaan Masyarakat",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 85,
"width": 471,
"height": 129,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut Suharto (2005:60), pemberdayaan masyarakat juga dimaknai sebagai sebuah proses dan tujuan. Sebagai proses artinya, pemberdayaan merupakan serangkaian kegiatan untuk memperkuat kelompok lemah dalam masyarakat, termasuk individu-individu yang mengalami masalah kemiskinan. Sedangkan pemberdayaan sebagai tujuan menunjuk pada keadaan yang ingin dicapai oleh sebuah perubahan sosial, yaitu masyarakat yang berdaya, memiliki kekuasaan atau pengetahuan dan kemampuan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya baik yang bersifat fisik, ekonomi maupun sosial seperti kepercayaan diri, menyampaikan aspirasi, mempunyai mata pencaharian, berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan sosial, dan mandiri dalam melaksanakan tugas-tugas kehidupannya. Menurut Suharto (2005:93- 97) Indikator pemberdayaan berpusat pada empat bidang tugas atau fungsi yang dapat disingkat yakni: pemungkinan (enabling) , penguatan (empowering), perrlindungan (protecting), dan pendukung (supporting).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 229,
"width": 59,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kemiskinan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 241,
"width": 471,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut Suharto (2010:134), kemiskinan pada umumnya didefinisikan dari segi ekonomi, khususnya pendapatan dalam bentuk uang ditambah dengan keuntungan-keuntungan non material yang diterima oleh seseorang. Secara luas, kemiskinan juga kerap didefinisikan sebagai kondisi yang ditandai serba kekurangan, seperti: kekurangan pendidikan, keadaan kesehatan yang buruk, dan kekurangan transportasi yang dibutuhkan masyarakat. Dari pendekatan kebutuhan dasar, kemiskinan atau lebih tepatnya fakir miskin, dapat didefinisikan sebagai ketidakmampuan masyarakat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pokoknya secara layak sesuai standar kemanusiaan, berupa makanan, pakaian, perumahan, perawatan kesehatan, dan pendidikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 337,
"width": 470,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut Todaro (dalam Edy, 2017:5) menyatakan absolut mengacu kepada semua penduduk yang hidup dibawah “garis kemiskinan internasional” atau yang kurang dari pendapatan minimum tertetu. Sedangkan istilah miskin menurut Thoir (dalam Edy, 2017:6) adalah kondisi yang secara umum menggambarkan suatu rumah tangga, komunitas, atau sesorang yang berda dalam kekurangan, terutama kaitannya dengan pemenuhan yang paling dasar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 398,
"width": 471,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dari pengertian diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemiskinan merupakan suatu fenomena atau kondisi dimana seseorang atau sekelompok orang tidak mampu memenuhi hak-hak dasarnya untuk mempertahankan dan mengembangkan kehidupan yang bermartabat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 445,
"width": 96,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ukuran Kemiskinan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 458,
"width": 470,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut Ravallion (dalam Sungkowo Edy, 2017:9) ukuran kemiskinan dipertimbangkan berdasarkan pada norma-norma tertentu. Pilihan norma tersebut sangat penting terutama dalam hal pengukuran kemiskinan yang didasarkan konsumsi. Garis kemiskinan yang didasarkan konsumsi terdiri dari dua elemen, yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 517,
"width": 393,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Pengeluaran untuk membeli standar gizi minimum dan kebutuhan mendasar lainnya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 529,
"width": 470,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Jumlah kebutuhan yang sangat bervariasi, yang mencerminkan biaya partisipasi dalam kehidupan masyarakat sehari-hari.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 242,
"top": 563,
"width": 129,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 589,
"width": 471,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan penulis menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, yaitu menjelaskan fenomena secara mendalam melalui pengumpulan data. Penelitian yang menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melakukan aktivitasnya untuk memperoleh pengetahuan, sejumlah informasi, atau cerita yang rinci tentang subjek penelitian dan latar soal penelitian. Pengetahuan dan informasi yang diperoleh dari hasil wawancara mendalam dan pengamatan tersebut akan berbentuk cerita mendetail (deskripsi-rinci, gambaran yang mendalam), termasuk ungkapan –ungkapan asli subjek penelitian (Hamidi. 2005:3). Dengan demikian, penelitian ini akan menjelaskan gambaran realita dari masalah dengan menggunakan data-data yang ada. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis memilih lokasi penelitian di di Kantor Dinas Sosial Kota Tebing Tinggi karena Dinas Sosial Kota Tebing Tinggi merupakan implementor dari kebijakan tersebut dan telah melaksanakan program kelompok usaha bersama (KUBE), beralamatkan di Jl. Gunung Leuser, Kec. Rambutan, Kota Tebing Tinggi. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Sementara untuk informasi yang akurat, penulis menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dalam menentukan informan penelitian. Adapun kriteria informan penulis ialah Kepala Dinas Sosial Kota Tebing Tinggi, Kepala Bidang Pemberdayaan Sosial Dinas Sosial Kota Tebing Tinggi, Lurah Bandar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 225,
"top": 803,
"width": 319,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Professional , Vol. 9 No. 2 Desember 2022 page: 375 –382 | 379",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 73,
"width": 471,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Utama Kota TEbing Tinggi, Tim pendamping KUBE dan Masyarakat yang terlibat dan menjadi anggota KUBE, Setelah informasi dikumpulkan, maka penulis akan melakukan analisis data dengan teknik analisis yang dilakukan secara interaktif, yaitu dengan cara mereduksi data, menyajikan data dan menarik kesimpulan. Sementara untuk teknik keabsahan data, penulis menggunakan triangulasi data dan triangulasi teori.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 227,
"top": 145,
"width": 158,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 173,
"width": 471,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pemberdayaan masyarakat dimaknai sebagai sebuah proses dan tujuan. Sebagai proses artinya, pemberdayaan merupakan serangkaian kegiatan untuk memperkuat kelompok lemah dalam masyarakat, termasuk individu-individu yang mengalami kemiskinan. Sedangkan pemberdayaan sebagai tujuan menunjuk pada keadaan yang ingin dicapai oleh sebuah perubahan sosial, yaitu masyarakat yang berdaya, memiliki kekuasaan atau pengetahuan dan kemampuan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya baik yang bersifat fisik, ekonomi, maupun sosial seperti kepercayaan diri, menyampaikan aspirasi, mempunyai mata pencaharian, berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan sosial, dan mandiri dalam melaksanakan tugas-tugas kehidupannya (Suharto, 2005:60). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat melalui Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) ditinjau berdasarkan indikator-indikator menurut Suharto 2005 yakni: pemungkinan (enabling) , penguatan (empowering), perlindungan (protecting), dan pendukung (supporting).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 305,
"width": 116,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pemungkinan (enabling)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 317,
"width": 471,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan teori pemberdayaan masyarakat dari Suharto (2005:93) yakni, pemungkinan atau enabling adalah menciptakan suasana atau iklim yang memungkinkan potensi masyarakat berkembang secara optimal. Pemungkinan itu sendiri merupakan salah satu fungsi yang berkaitan dengan pemberian motivasi dan kesempatan bagi masyarakat. Dimana pemberdayaan harus mampu membebaskan masyarakat dari sekat-sekat struktural dan kultural yang menghambat. Jadi dalam hal ini bisa dikatakan bahwa pemungkinan merupakan bagaimana kebijakan yang dilakukan untuk memungkinkan masyarakat berkembang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 401,
"width": 471,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dari beberapa informan serta hasil pengamatan penulis dapat disimpulkan bahwa indikator pemungkinan (enabling) yang dilakukan dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui program Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) untuk menanggulangi kemiskinan sudah berjalan dengan baik dan efektif, tentunya proses pemberdayaan yang dilakukan harus secara bottom up dimana dengan cara menggali potensi, masalah dan kebutuhan dilingkungan masyarakat tersebut. Dimana Dinas Sosial Kota Tebing Tinggi sudah memberikan bentuk motivasi dan dukungan atas kemauan masyarakat itu sendiri sehingga kecil kemungkinan tidak menjalankan saran dan masukan yang diberikan melalui pendamping Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE). Motivasi yang diberikan Dinas Sosial terkait pemberdayaan itu sendiri berupa sosialisasi pemahaman terkait Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) dalam bentuk edukasi atau pembelajaran. Dan juga memberikan bantuan modal usaha yang nantinya akan diolah oleh masyarakat dalam bentuk usaha bersama. Modal usaha yang diberikan pemerintah kepada Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) sebesar Rp. 30.000.000-,.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 557,
"width": 120,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penguatan (empowering)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 569,
"width": 470,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penguatan atau empowering adalah suatu kegiatan memperkuat pemahaman mengenai pengetahuan dan kemampuan yang dimiliki masyarakat dalam memenuhi kebutuhan terhadap masalah yang dihadapinya. Penguatan pengetahuan dan kemampuan yang dimiliki masyarakat agar harus mampu menumbuh kembangkan segenap kemampuan dan kepercayaan diri masyarakat yang menunjang kemandirian. Oleh sebab itu dalam suatu penguatan dibutuhkan pelatihan maupun pembelajaran dalam melaksanakan proses pemberdayaan. Dimana pendamping berperan aktif sebagai agen yang memberi masukan positif dan direksi berdasarkan pengetahuan dan pengalamannya serta bertukar gagasan dengan pengetahuan dan pengalaman masyarakat yang didampinginya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 665,
"width": 471,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil pengamatan peneliti dalam pelaksanaan penguatan (empowering) dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) belum cukup berjalan dengan baik. Dimana pelatihan yang hanya melibatkan Ketua KUBE saja, berarti Ketua itulah yang bertanggungjawab untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada anggota mereka masing-masing. Hal itu dinilai menjadi salah satu faktor tidak semua anggota KUBE mahir dalam menjalankan tugas mereka di dalam kelompok tersebut. Titik lemah dalam pelaksanaan pemberdayaan tersebut harus dilakukannya perbaikan oleh Dinas Sosial agar upaya mewujudkan kemandirian terhadap masyarakat dapat terlaksana sebagaimana mestinya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 366,
"top": 42,
"width": 172,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "p-ISSN 2407-2087 e-ISSN 2722-371X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 800,
"width": 353,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "380 | Rizka Ramadani, Erika Revida MS; Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui. ..",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 73,
"width": 124,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perlindungan (protecting)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 85,
"width": 471,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perlindungan atau protecting yaitu melindungi masyarakat terutama kelompok-kelompok lemah agar tidak tertindas oleh kelompok-kelompok kuat dan dominan, menghindari persaingan yang tidak seimbang, mencegah terjadinya eksploitasi kelompok kuat terhadap yang lemah. Pemberdayaan harus diarahkan pada penghapusan segala jenis diskriminasi dan dominasi yang tidak menguntungkan masyarakat kecil. Pemberdayaan harus melindungi kelompok lemah, minoritas dan masyarakat terasing.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 145,
"width": 471,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlindungan (protecting) dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) tidak berjalan dengan optimal dikarenakan perlindungan yang diberikan hanyalah perlindungan dimata hukum saja. Namun untuk perlindungan di berbagai bidang seperti kesehatan dan pendidikan belum dapat terpenuhi. Dimana Dinas Sosial Kota Tebing Tinggi melalui pendamping Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) dalam pemberdayaan hanya memberikan pendampingan dan pengawasan oleh pendamping agar apabila terjadi sesuatu hal yang tidak diinginkan maka tugas pendamping siap sedia merangkul dan mejadi wadah atau tempat membantu kelompok usaha Bersama (KUBE) dimata hukum.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 253,
"width": 119,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pendukung (supporting)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 265,
"width": 471,
"height": 190,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pendukung atau supporting yaitu pemberian bimbingan dan dukungan kepada masyarakat lemah agar mampu menjalankan peran dan fungsi kehidupannya. Dimana pendukungan juga merupakan suatu kegiatan yang mengacu pada aplikasi yang bersifat praktis yang dapat mendukung terjadinya perubahan positif pada masyarakat. Pemberdayaan harus mampu menyokong dan mendukung masyarakat agar tidak terjatuh ke dalam keadaan dan posisi yang semakin lemah dan terpinggirkan. Jadi dengan kata lain disini pendukung (supporting) berarti bagaimana bimbingan dan dukungan yang dilakukan pemerintah dalam pemeberdayan masyarakat tersebut. Pendukungan (supporting) dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) berupa jalinan komunikasi yang dimana Dinas terkait melalui pendamping memberikan dukungan komunikasi secara langsung dengan ikut terjun ke lapangan agar proses pemberdayaan itu sendiri mampu berjalan sebaik dengan baik dan sesuai target. Dukungan tersebut merupakan sikap perhatian pemerintah kepada masyarakat sebagai wujud rasa cinta terhadap masyarakatnya, tentunya dalam komunikasi itu sendiri harus timbal balik agar dalam pelaksanaan proses pemberdayaan berjalan sebaik mungkin. Hal tersebut sejalan menurut King (2017:226) bahwa dukungan sosial adalah informasi atau umpan balik dari orang lain yang menunjukkan bahwa seseorang dicintai dan diperhatikan, dihargai, dan dihormati, dan dilibatkan dalam jaringan komunikasi dan kewajiban yang timbal balik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 458,
"width": 470,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil pengamatan dapat disimpulkan bahwa pendukungan (supporting) dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui program Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) sudah cukup berjalan secara optimal. Dengan ikut berpartisipasi dan terjun ke lapangan merupakan salah satu bukti bahwa bentuk dukungan yang diberikan bukan hanya sekedar ucapan belaka saja melainkan tindakan langsung yang dilakukan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 517,
"width": 471,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Faktor penghambat dalam pelaksanaan pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui Program Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) untuk menanggulangi kemiskinan di Kelurahan Bandar Utama Kota Tebing Tinggi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 554,
"width": 471,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) untuk menanggulangi kemiskinan di Kelurahan Bandar Utama dilihat dari penjelasan berdasarkan indikator-indikator diatas masih ditemukan adanya faktor penghambat yang menyebabkan menurunnya efektifitas dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui KUBE tersebut. Adapun faktor penghambat yang pertama adalah minimnya partisipasi masyarakat dalam mengikuti sosialisasi atau pertemuan kegiatan KUBE yang telah dibuat oleh Dinas Sosial. Dikarenakan sebagian masyarakat berpikiran bahwa pertemuan yang diadakan tidak penting.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 638,
"width": 470,
"height": 129,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan informasi-informasi di lapangan dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada beberapa faktor penghambat dalam pelaksanaan pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui program Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) di Kelurahan Bandar Utama Kota Tebing Tinggi yaitu pertama, minimnya partisipasi masyarakat dalam mengikuti sosialisasi atau pertemuan kegiatan KUBE yang telah dibuat oleh Dinas Sosial. Kedua, kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) dalam Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) yang masih rendahnya tingkat Pendidikan anggota kelompok yang menyebabkan kemampuan untuk pengelolaan KUBE relative kurang dan tentunya minimnya pemahaman atau kemampuan anggota KUBE dalam menguasai teknologi informasi. Ketiga, kurangnya keterbukaan antar pengurus dan anggota KUBE dalam mengelola usaha bersama yang pada akhirnya mendorong terjadinya rendahnya pertisipasi dan semangat kebersamaan di antara para anggota KUBE dan kurang kondusifnya iklim kerja dikelompok. Dan terakhir yang menjadi penghambat adalah persaingan usaha semakin ketat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 225,
"top": 803,
"width": 319,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Professional , Vol. 9 No. 2 Desember 2022 page: 375 –382 | 381",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 227,
"top": 73,
"width": 161,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 99,
"width": 62,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 117,
"width": 471,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dari penelitian yang dilakukan penulis mengenai Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) Untuk Menanggulangi Kemiskinan di Kelurahan Bandar Utama Kota Tebing Tinggi penulis menarik kesimpulan yaitu merujuk pada 4 indikator pemberdayaan yang dikemukakan oleh Suharto ((2005:93-97) yaitu: pemungkinan (enabling) , penguatan (empowering), perlindungan (protecting), dan pendukung (supporting). 1. Pemungkinan (enabling) yang dilakukan dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui program Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) untuk menanggulangi kemiskinan sudah berjalan dengan baik dan tentunya proses pemberdayaan yang dilakukan harus secara bottom up dimana dengan cara menggali potensi, masalah dan kebutuhan dilingkungan masyarakat tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 225,
"width": 471,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Penguatan (empowering) dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) belum cukup berjalan dengan baik. Dimana pelatihan yang hanya melibatkan Ketua KUBE saja, berarti Ketua itulah yang bertanggungjawab untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada anggota mereka masing-masing. Hal itu dinilai menjadi salah satu faktor tidak semua anggota KUBE mahir dalam menjalankan tugas mereka di dalam kelompok tersebut. Titik lemah dalam pelaksanaan pemberdayaan tersebut harus dilakukannya perbaikan oleh Dinas Sosial agar upaya mewujudkan kemandirian terhadap masyarakat dapat terlaksana sebagaimana mestinya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 309,
"width": 470,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Perlindungan (protecting) dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) belum berjalan dengan baik dikarenakan perlindungan yang diberikan hanyalah perlindungan dimata hukum saja. Namun untuk perlindunga di berbagai bidang seperti kesehatan dan pendidikan belum dapat terpenuhi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 357,
"width": 470,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Pendukungan (supporting) dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui program Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) sudah cukup berjalan secara optimal. Dengan ikut berpartisipasi dan terjun ke lapangan merupakan salah satu bukti bahwa bentuk dukungan yang diberikan bukan hanya sekedar ucapan belaka saja melainkan tindakan langsung yang dilakukan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 417,
"width": 470,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sementara itu dalam pelaksanaan pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui program Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) untuk menanggulangi kemiskinan di Kelurahan Bandar Utama Kota Tebing Tinggi masih ditemukan banyaknya faktor penghambat. Adapun yang menjadi factor penghambar dalam pelaksanaan pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui program Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) di Kelurahan Bandar Utama Kota Tebing Tinggi yaitu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 477,
"width": 470,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Minimnya partisipasi masyarakat dalam mengikuti sosialisasi atau pertemuan kegiatan KUBE yang telah dibuat oleh Dinas Sosial.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 501,
"width": 470,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) dalam Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) yang masih rendah, disebabkan tingkat pendidikan anggota kelompok dan menyebabkan kemampuan untuk pengelolaan KUBE relatif kurang dan tentunya pemahaman atau kemampuan anggota KUBE dalam menguasai teknologi informasi belum optimal.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 549,
"width": 470,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Kurangnya keterbukaan antar pengurus dan anggota KUBE dalam mengelola usaha bersama yang pada akhirnya muncul kurang pertisipasi dan semangat kebersamaan di antara para anggota KUBE, dan kurang kondusifnya iklim kerja dikelompok.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 585,
"width": 171,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Persaingan usaha semakin ketat.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 609,
"width": 33,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Saran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 627,
"width": 471,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan peneliti terkait Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Program Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) Untuk Menanggulangi Kemiskinan di Kelurahan Bandar Utama Kota Tebing Tinggi, peneliti memberikan beberapa saran agar pemberdayan masyarakat melalui Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) dapat berjalan secara lebih optimal. Dalam pelaksanaa pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) Untuk Menanggulangi Kemiskinan di Kelurahan Bandar Utama Kota Tebing Tinggi diharapkan agar lebih memaksimalkan proses pemberdayaan, dimana pemberdayaan yang dilakukan harus secara bottom up dengan menggali potensi, masalah dan kebutuhan dilingkungan masyarakat tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 723,
"width": 471,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sebaiknya hal tersebut diiringi dengan sosialisasi dan pelatihan dalam hal pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui program KUBE secara menyeluruh tidak hanya melibatkan ketua KUBE melainkan juga para anggota kelompok agar masyarakat termotivasi dan berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan KUBE tersebut. Terkait dalam hal perlindungan (protecting) sebaiknya diberikan juga jaminan dibidang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 366,
"top": 42,
"width": 172,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "p-ISSN 2407-2087 e-ISSN 2722-371X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 800,
"width": 353,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "382 | Rizka Ramadani, Erika Revida MS; Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui. ..",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 73,
"width": 470,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kesehatan maupun pendidikan terhadap setiap para Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE). Dan terkait koordinasi antara pemerintah selaku Dinas Sosial Kota Tebing Tinggi dengan kelurahan Bandar Utama ataupun dengan masyarakat yang tergabung dalam Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) masih perlu ditingkatkan lagi agar meminimalisir terjadinya faktor penghambat dalam pelaksanaan pemberdayaan. Maka dengan itu diperlukannya pengawasan dan evaluasi terhadap program KUBE agar berjalan lebih efektif dan efisien.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 249,
"top": 159,
"width": 117,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 186,
"width": 471,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Agustino, Leo. (2017). Dasar-dasar Kebijakan Publik . Bandung : Alfabeta _______. (2010). Membangun Masyarakat Memberdayakan Rakyat . Bandung: Refika Aditama Anggara, S. (2014). Kebijakan Publik . Bandung: CV. Pustaka Setia Hamidi. (2005). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif . Universitas Muhamadiyah Malang. Hasanurrizqi, Muhammad. dan Annisa Rahmadanita. 2018. Pemberdayaan Fakir Miskin melalui Program Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) oleh Dinas Sosial di Kecamatan Tanahgrogot Kabupaten Pasern Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Jurnal Pembangunan Pemberdayaan Pemerintahan, Vol 3, No.1, Hal. 1-12.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 278,
"width": 471,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Imron, Ibrahim. Mochammad Saleh Soeaidy. Heru Ribawanto. 2012. Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Miskin melalui Kelompok Usaha Bersama (Studi Pada Kelompok Usaha Bersama Di Des Dawuhan, Kecamatan Poncokusumo, Kabupaten Malang) . Jurnal Administrasi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 467,
"top": 299,
"width": 74,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Publik (JAP),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 311,
"width": 114,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Vol. 2, No. 3, Hal. 485-491.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 325,
"width": 471,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "King, L. A. (2017). Psikologi Umum Sebuah Pandangan Apresiatif. Jakarta: Salemba Humanika. Mulyono, Sungkowo Edy. (2017). Kemiskinan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat. Yogyakarta: Ombak Nasmi, Hidayat Muhammad. Dan Karjuni Dt Maani. 2019. Pemberdayaan Masyrakat Miskin Melalui Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) di Kecamatan Bintan Timur Oleh Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Bintan. Jurnal Dialek Publik. Vol. 3, No. 2. Peraturan Direktur Jenderal Penanganan Fakir Miskin Nomor 4 Tahun 2019 Tentang Petunjuk Teknis Usaha Ekonomi Produktif Kepada Kelompok Usaha Bersama Untuk Penanganan Fakir Miskin.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 405,
"width": 471,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peraturan Menteri Sosial Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 Tahun 2019 Tentang Bantuan Sosial Usaha Ekonomi Produktif Kepada Kelompok Usaha Bersama Untuk Penanganan Fakir Miskin.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 428,
"width": 470,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peraturan Walikota Tebing Tinggi Nomor 10 Tahun 2017 Tentang Tugas, Fungsi, Tata Kerja dan Rincian",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 440,
"width": 220,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tugas Jabatan Dinas Sosial Kota Tebing Tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 451,
"width": 470,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ramadani, Rizka. (2022). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Program Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) Untuk Menanggulangi Kemiskinan di Kelurahan Bandar Utama Kota Tebing Tinggi. Skripsi FISIP USU.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 486,
"width": 441,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Suharto, Edi. (2005). Membangun Masyarakat Memberdayakan Rakyat . Bandung: Refika Aditama. Tebing Tinggi Dalam 2022.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
c3ca10da-ce59-fcef-369e-022d626b2e8e | https://journal.iain-manado.ac.id/index.php/JIS/article/download/178/153 | [
{
"left": 115,
"top": 109,
"width": 384,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "PENYELESAIAN PERKARA GUGAT CERAI YANG DI DASARKAN ATAS ALASAN SYIQAQ",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 167,
"top": 148,
"width": 286,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "(Studi Terhadap Proses Penyelesaian Gugat Cerai Syiqaq Di Pengadilan Agama Manado)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 271,
"top": 194,
"width": 73,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Ridwan Jamal",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 279,
"top": 233,
"width": 54,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 251,
"width": 403,
"height": 244,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Di dalam kehidupan rumah tangga sudah diatur berbagai macam hal terkait dengan kewajiban dan hak suami-isteri yang harus dipenuhi, namun pada prakteknya hak dan kewajiban yang sudah ditentukan itu sering luput dari perhatian baik itu suami maupun isteri, karenanya tidak bisa dihindari seringkali terjadi konflik didalam rumah tangga. dibanyak kasus perselisihan rumah tangga, kedua belah pihak (suami-isteri) tidak dapat dipertemukan (diselesaikan) untuk mencari jalan keluar bagaimana persoalan tersebut bisa terselesaikan, maka didalam fiqih munakahat diatur yang namanya Syiqaq. Tulisan ini akan fokus membahas tentang penyelesaian perkara gugat cerai yang didasarkan atas alasan Syiqaq, tulisan berbasis riset lapangan yakni mengambil studi kasus terhadap proses penyelesaian Syiqaq di pengadilan agama Manado. Riset ini menyuguhkan presentasi data kasus Syiqaq sejak tahun 2000 hingga 2003, lalu kemudian analisis kasus yang masuk di pengadilan agama Manado. hasil temuan adalah aplikasi penyelesaian perkara gugat cerai atas alasan syiqaq tetap mengacu jalur dan prosedur sistem hukum sebagai dasar pegangan. “penanganan perkara gugat cerai atas dasar syiqaq di Pengadilan Agama tetap mengacu pada sistem perundang- undangan berupa UU peradilan Agama UU No. 7 tahun 1989, juga sistem syariat islam tentang masalah syiqaq”. Penanganan secara prosedural hukum dimaksudkan untuk “menegakkan keadilan, kebenaran, ketertiban dan kepastian hukum yang mampu memberikan pengayoman masyarakat islam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 511,
"width": 402,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kata Kunci: Syiqaq, Fiqih Munakahat, Pengadilan Agama Manado, UU Peradilan Agama, Syariat Islam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 589,
"width": 117,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "A. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 608,
"width": 403,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Data menunjukkan bahwa munculnya gugat cerai dengan alasan syiqaq bermula dari rapuhnya pertahanan pribadi dari masing-masing suami isteri menghadapi godaan. Keharmonisan suatu rumah tangga goncang karena tidak ada komitmen yang baik dari pihak suami isteri untuk membangun rumah tangga mereka. Komitmen yang baik dapat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 109,
"width": 403,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "membentuk sikap kesadaran yang pada akhirnya mewujudkan rasa tanggung jawab dan pengabdian kepada keluarga.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 148,
"width": 403,
"height": 185,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berbagai godaan eksternal dan internal sewaktu-waktu dapat mengancam ketenangan dan keharmonisan kehidupan keluarga. Pihak suami sering mengabaikan tanggung jawab utamanya dalam memenuhi kebutuhan nafkah isterinya, disamping itu terlibat dengan berbagai kasus amoral diluar seperti berjudi, mabuk-mabukkan, menyeleweng dengan perempuan lain. Perilaku yang demikian itu adalah sangat merugikan bagi kelangsungan suatu rumah tangga. Sementara pihak isteri dilanda penyakit tidak sabar menghadapi godaan materi, kehilangan kepercayaan kepada suami, atau mungkin juga isteri tidak dapat menahan dirinya pada posisi sebagai pendamping suami. Secara psikologis, perilaku isteri yang demikian dapat mematikan kepercayaan suami.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 342,
"width": 403,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan kenyataan ini, al-qur’an memperingati untuk tidak memperturutkan godaan yang datang secara tiba-tiba dan menganjurkan agar memeranginya serta tidak gampang terpengaruh olehnya. Bahkan al-Qur’an menegaskan perlunya sikap kehati- hatian dimiliki terhadap setiap godaan yang datang. Allah SWT berfirman pada surat an-Nisa ayat 19:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 448,
"width": 383,
"height": 159,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": " ",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 594,
"width": 55,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 619,
"width": 79,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Terjemahannya :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 153,
"top": 632,
"width": 356,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hai orang-orang yang beriman, tidak halal bagi kamu mempusakai wanita dengan jalan paksa dan janganlah kamu menyusahkan mereka karena hendak mengambil kembali sebagian dari apa yang telah kamu berikan kepadanya, terkecuali bila mereka melakukan pekerjaan keji yang nyata. Dan bergaullah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 153,
"top": 109,
"width": 356,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "dengan mereka secara patut. Kemudian bila kamu tidak menyukai mereka, (maka bersabarlah) karena mungkin kamu tidak menyukai sesuatu, padahal Allah menjadikan padanya kebaikan yang banyak. (Q.S. 4;19) 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 167,
"width": 403,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Perintah bersabar dalam menghadapi godaan ditujukan bagi kemaslahatan isteri dan merupakan kekuatan bagi pembinaan keluarga. Allah SWT telah melarang tindakan pembatasan dan pengetatan ikatan terhadap wanita dengan melalui cara yang kaku tanpa sebab yang rasional. 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 245,
"width": 403,
"height": 302,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Untuk mengatasi godaan yang mendorong timbulnya kebencian diantara suami isteri, al-Qur’an menegaskan pula bahwa godaan-godaan seperti itu dapat mempengaruhi hati seorang wanita hingga membawanya kepada tindakan pembangkangan pada suami. Masing-masing suami isteri harus pandai menempatkan posisi mereka; suami sebagai kepala rumah tangga punya batas-batas tanggung jawab yang harus dihormati dan dihargai oleh isteri. sementara isteri sebagai ibu rumah tangga juga mempunyai tanggung jawab yang harus dihormati. Demikian pula pemeliharaan segala rahasia kehidupan suami isteri dan rumah tangga, yang tidak akan tercipta suatu kehidupan suami isteri yang baik melainkan dengan memelihara dan menghormati rahasia. Untuk mencegah, memperbaiki kondisi perselisihan ke dalam kehidupan rumah tangga yang sewajarnya, al-Qur’an memberikan beban tanggung jawab ditujukan kepada suami berdasarkan hak dan pengawasan kepemimpinan yang dimiliki untuk menjaga perdamaian dan agar persoalan rumah tangga tidak tersebar keluar. Dengan demikian, kunci sebenarna untuk menyelamatkan gugat cerai atas alasan syiqaq adalah komitmen yang baik dari kedua belah pihak untuk membangun rumah tangga yang sejahtera.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 556,
"width": 403,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sebenarnya kasus perkakara gugat cerai atas alasan syiqaq di Pengadilan Agama Manado dari tahun ke tahun presentasinya adalah cukup minim, data-datanya akan dikemukakan pada pembahasan berikutnya, akan tetapi persoalan gugat cerai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 621,
"width": 402,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1 Departemen Agama RI, Al-qur’an dan Terjemahannya (Yayasan Penyelenggara Penterjemah/Pentafsir Al-Qur’an Jakarta, 1971) h. 119",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 653,
"width": 402,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2 Mahmud Syaltut, Al-Islamu Aqidatun Wa Syari’atun Diterjemahkan Oleh Abdurrahman Zain, Dengan Judul “Islam Aqidah Dan Syariah”. Cet. I ; (Jakarta : Pustaka Amani, 1986),. H. 239",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 109,
"width": 403,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "merupakan fenomena menarik dan hampir merata terjadi diseluruh Nusantara. Dengan pertimbangan ini adalah menarik untuk dikaji dan dianalisis tentang sejauh mana faktor eksternal dan internal berperan mempengaruhi keutuhan suatu rumah tangga.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 179,
"width": 109,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "B. PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 199,
"width": 118,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Pengertian Syiqaq",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 217,
"width": 403,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pengertian secara istilah berikut ini dimaksudkan untuk menghindari kesimpangansiuran visi, interprestasi tentang makna syiqaq baik dari segi istilah fiqhi maupun dari segi perundang-undangan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 276,
"width": 403,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dalam undang-undang Peradilan Agama UU No. 7 tahun 1989, bagian penjelasan umum tentang pasal 76 ayat 1, disebutkan bahwa syiqaq adalah “perselisihan yang tajam dan terus-menerus antara suami dan isteri. 3 Dalam buku Kamus Istilah Fiqhi, disebutkan syiqaq adalah:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 354,
"width": 403,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Perpecahan atau perselisihan antara suami isteri, yang penyelesaiannya diserahkan kepada keluarga kedua belah pihak atau menunjuk hakam (orang yang mendamaikan kedua belah pihak). 4",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 412,
"width": 402,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Drs. H Djaman Nur, melihat syiqaq sebagai indikasi puncak krisis rumah tangga, yang memerlukan hakam sebagai pendamai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 451,
"width": 376,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Apabila antara suami isteri terdapat pertentangan pendapat dan pertengkaran yang memuncak sehingga kedua belah pihak tidak mungkin dapat mengatasinya dan tidak mungkin pula mendamaikannya sendiri, maka dapat diutus seorang hakam dari pihak suami dan seorang hakam dari pihak isteri. Kasus krisis rumah tangga ini dalam istilah fiqhi disebut syiqaq . 5",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 529,
"width": 403,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tentang pengertian syiqaq sebagaimana telah disebutkan, kita temukan dalam penjelasan pasal 76 ayat 1 Undang-Undang nomor 7 tahun 1986. Menurut M. Yahya Harahap bahwa pengertian syiqaq tersebut memenuhi pengertian yang terkandung dalam surat an-Nisa ayat 35, juga sama makna dan hakekatnya dengan apa yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 621,
"width": 402,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3 Undang-Undang Peradilan Agama – Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 1989, (Cet II, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 1992), h. 67",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 653,
"width": 360,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4 M. Abdul Mudjieb, et. al, Kamus Istilah Fiqhi, (Cet I, Jakarta: Pustaka Firdaus, 1994), h. 346",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 669,
"width": 317,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5 Djaman Nur, Fiqhi Munakahat, (Cet I, Semarang: CV. Toha Putera, 1993), h. 168",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 109,
"width": 403,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "dirumuskan dalam penjelasan pasal 39 ayat 2 huruf (f) Undang-Undang No.1 tahun 1974 jo. Pasal 19 huruf (f) PP No. 9 tahun 1975 yang berbunyi “antara suami isteri terus menerus terjadi perselisihan dan pertengkaran dan tidak ada harapan akan hidup rukun lagi dalam rumah tangga.” 6 Maka menurut pasal 76 UU No. 7 tahun 1989, apabila terjadi perkara perceraian atas dasar alasan yang disebutkan diatas, tata cara pemeriksaannya disamping tunduk pada ketentuan hukum acara perdata pada umumnya, sekaligus harus menurut tata cara mengadili yang digariskan pasal 76 itu sendiri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 265,
"width": 138,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Syiqaq Menurut Islam",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 284,
"width": 403,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Syiqaq itu berarti perselisihan atau menurut istilah fiqhi berarti perselisihan suami-isteri yang diselesaikan dua orang hakam, satu orang dari pihak suami dan satu orang dari pihak isteri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 342,
"width": 402,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jika perkataan syiqaq ditelusuri, dapat dirujuk dalam al-Qur’an, Surah An-Nisa ayat 35;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 381,
"width": 400,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": " Terjemahannya :",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 503,
"width": 376,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dan jika kamu khawatir ada persegketaan antara keduanya, maka kirimlah seorang hakam dari keluarga laki-laki dan seorang hakam dari keluaraga perempuan. Jika kedua hakam itu bermaksud mengadakan perbaikan, niscaya Allah memberi taufiq kepada suami isteri itu. Sesungguhnya Allah Maha Mengetahui lagi Maha Mengenal. Q.S: 4; 35. 7",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 621,
"width": 402,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "6 M. Yahya Harahap, Kedudukan Kewenangan dan Acara Peradilan Agama Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 1989 , (Cet. II, Jakarta: Pustaka Kartini, 1993), h. 265.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 653,
"width": 402,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "7 Departemen Agama RI, Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahannya, (Yayasan Penyelenggara Penterjemah/Pentafsir al-Qur’an, 1971), h. 123",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 109,
"width": 403,
"height": 166,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Syiqaq merupakan indikasi puncak krisis rumah tangga dan sekaligus sebab putusnya perkawinan. Hal ini akan membawa malapetaka bagi kedua belah pihak. Terjadinya perbedaan, pertentangan, dan kemarahan dan segala yang mengingkari cinta diantara suami isteri. kalau cinta sudah hilang, akan berubahlah pilar-pilar perkawinan. Mereka berdua jatuh ke lembah kehidupan yang susah dan pemikiran yang bimbang karena pada dasarnya kesatuan dan kekompakan dalam segala hal merupakan kunci kesuksesan dan kebahagiaan serta sumber segala kesenangan. Lain halnya kalau ada tabiat yang berbeda dan hati yang tidak bersatu. Maka talak akan menghilangkan kesengsaraan bagi kedua belah pihak. 8",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 284,
"width": 403,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dalam kondisi seperti itu, maka upaya perbaikan merupakan tanggung jawab kaum muslimin, pada dasarnya, ia adalah hak suami isteri. tetapi dalam perkembangannya ia juga merupakan hak keluarga, ditinjau dari kedudukannya sebagai salah satu pilar kehidupan bermasyarakat, maka sudah merupakan kewajiban bagi anggota keluarga untuk mengembang misi perdamaian diantara manusia. Allah SWT berfirman dalam al-qur’an surat an-Nisa ayat 114:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 419,
"width": 400,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": " ",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 540,
"width": 76,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Terjemahannya:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 146,
"top": 553,
"width": 362,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tidak ada kebaikan pada kebanyakan bisikan-bisikan mereka, kecuali bisikan- bisikan dari orang yang menyuruh (manusia) memberi sedekah, atau berbuat makruf, atau mengadakan perdamaian di antara manusia. Dan barangsiapa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 637,
"width": 402,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "8 Ali Ahmad Jurjawi, Hikmah Al-Tasyri wa Falasa Fatuhu , diterjemahkan oleh Hadi Mulyo- Shobahussurur, dengan judul “Falsafah dan Hikmah Hukum Islam”, (Cet. I, Semarang: CV. Adhi Grafika, 1992), h. 320",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 146,
"top": 109,
"width": 362,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "yang berbuat demikian karena mencari keridhaan Allah, maka kelak Kami memberi kepadanya pahala yang besar. Q.S. 4 : 114 9",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 146,
"width": 403,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jika terjadi syiqaq diantara suami dan isteri dalam kehidupan keluarga muslim, diperlukan upaya mendamaikan untuk mencegah kemungkinan pertengkaran lebih jauh dan berakibat disintegratif terhadap keluarga.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 236,
"width": 402,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Kedudukan Keluarga atau Orang yang Dekat dengan Suami Isteri Sebagai Saksi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 285,
"width": 403,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Bunyi pasal 76 ayat (1) UU No. 7 tahun 1989 menghendaki saksi-saksi diambil dari keluarga atau orang yang dekat dengan suami isteri. jadi keterangan keluarga atau orang yang dekat dengan suami isteri dalam perkara perceraian atas alasan syiqaq bernilai sebagai keterangan saksi. Aturan ini merupakan pengecualian dari apa yang diatur dalam pasal 145 dan 146 H.I.R/pasal 172 dan 174 R.Bg. Meskipun demikian pengecualian itu hanya berlaku terhadap perkara perceraian atas alasan syiqaq.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 402,
"width": 403,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Keterangan keluarga atau kerabat yang dekat dengan suami isteri dianggap sebagai keterangan bernilai saksi, sekaligus menjadi alat bukti jika keterangan yang diinformasikan memenuhi syarat-syarat materiil, yaitu segala keterangan mereka sebagai saksi berdasarkan pendengaran,pengelihatan atau pengalaman mereka sendiri, selanjutnya keterangan yang mereka berikan saling relevansi dengan saksi atau alat bukti yang lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 519,
"width": 403,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Apabila gugatan perceraian didasarkan atas dasar alasan syiqaq (pertengkaran), maka untuk memantapkn putusan perceraian harus didengar keterangan saksi-saksi yang berasal dari keluarga atau orang-orang yang dekat dengan suami dan isteri itu. Pengadilan setelah mendengar keterangan saksi-saksi tentang sifat persengketaan antara suami isteri dapat mengangkat seorang atau lebih dari keluarga untuk menjadi hakam. 10",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 637,
"width": 156,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "9 Departemen Agama RI, op. Cit., h. 140",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 653,
"width": 402,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "10 Hilman Hadikusuma, Hukum Perkawinan Indonesia Menurut Perundangan-Hukum Adat- Hukum Agama, (Cet. I, Bandung: Mandar Maju, 1990), h. 180.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 109,
"width": 402,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kesaksian para saksi harus dipertanggungjawabkan kebenarannya dari segi moral dan agama maupun segi sosial. Sesuai dengan sabda Nabi Muhammad SAW :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 146,
"top": 159,
"width": 362,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dari Anas r.a dia berkata: “Nabi SAW pernah ditanya mengenai dosa-dosa besar. Beliau menjawab: yaitu mempersekutukan Allah, berani kepada orang tua, membunuh jiwa dan memberikan kesaksian palsu. H.R Bukhari. 11",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 209,
"width": 403,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Saksi harus mempunyai komitmen ke-Islaman yang baik, sesuai Sabda Nabi SAW:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 146,
"top": 259,
"width": 362,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Menurut Asy-sya’bi, tidak diperkenankan kesaksian ahli kitab sebagian atas sebagian yang lain. Hal ini berdasarkan Firman Allah: Maka kami timbulkan diantara mereka permusuhan dan kebencian. Kata Abu Hurairah r.a dari Nabi SAW. “Janganlah kamu membenarkan ahli kitab dan janganlah pula menganggap dusta mereka mereka. Katakanlah “Kami beriman kepada Allah dan kepada apa yang dituturkan.” H.R Bukhari 12",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 349,
"width": 403,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Keluarga atau kerabat yang beperan sebagai saksi dalam perkara perceraian atas alasan syiqaq, disyaratkan supaya memberikan keterangan yang sebenar-benarnya, bukan mengada-ada dalam arti keterangan palsu. Disamping itu saksi harus pula punya komitmen ke-Islaman yang baik dan dapat dipertanggung jawabkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 426,
"width": 403,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Posisi saksi adalah sangat urgen untuk menyelamatkan kondisi rumah tangga suami isteri yang sedang dalam puncak kritis. Tidak menutup kemungkinan saksi dari pihak keluarga atau kerabat dapat memperburuk lebih jauh keadaan sehingga keutuhan rumah tangga tidak dapat diselamatkan lagi hanya karena keterangan saksi, bobotya banyak meperburuk keadaan. Atas dasar itulah, kesaksian para saksi sedapat mungkin diarahkan untuk mengatasi permasalahan syiqaq suami isteri. Sebagaimana diketahui bahwa syiqaq adalah perbuatan tidak baik yang dapat mengganggu keutuhan ikatan perkawinan. Karena itu, harus dihindari agar tidak berkesudahan dengan talak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 582,
"width": 403,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Menurut Syaikh Mahmud Syaltut dalam bukunya Al-Islamu Aqidatu wa Syaria`tun menerangkan bahwa jika perselisihan semakin menjadi-jadi dan persoalan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 637,
"width": 402,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "11 Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Ismail Al-Bukhari, Shahih Bukhari Juz III , diterjemahkan oleh Ahmad Sunarto, dengan judul “Tarjamah Shahih Bukhari”, (Cet. I, Semarang: Asy-Syifa, 1992), h. 643",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 669,
"width": 57,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "12 Ibid., h. 676",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 109,
"width": 403,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "pun bertambah besar dan luas, sedang salah seorang dari keduanya tidak beroleh jalan bagi terwujudnya perbaikan dan perdamaian, maka kedua suami isteri harus berusaha menahan dan membatasi diri. Jangan saling menyakiti, menghina dan memaksakan kehendaknya. Bahkan keduanya hendaklah berusaha mengingat kembali segala kebaikan dan kebahagian hidup yang telah mereka bina bersama di masa lalu, juga jalinan tali kekeluargaan yang telah mereka pertautkan bersama, yang didalamnya menanggung suka dan derita sejak awal hingga akhirnya. 13",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 245,
"width": 403,
"height": 224,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jika prinsip perdamaian dalam islam diterapkan sedemikian rupa, maka prinsip tersebut lebih diwajibkan dan ditekankan kepada para kepala keluarga, yang dari keluarga-keluarga itulah akan membentuk suatu bangsa yang kokoh dan lestari. Jika keluarga tidak utuh dan terancam kehancuran maka jelas bangsa kehilangan pilarnya. Dengan demikian, upaya perdamaian antara kedua suami isteri merupakan kewajiban yang lebih khusus dipikulkan keatas pundak kaum muslimin. Bahkan menurut Mahmud Syaltut bahwa kewajiban keluarga menjadi lebih utama martabatnya ketimbang berbagai kewajiban lainnya, yakni wajib ‘ain atas mereka. 14 Keluarga tidak akan terlepas dari pertanggung jawaban keruntuhan keluarga berdasarkan ikatan kekeluargaan. Disamping itu mereka juga berkepentingan untuk menjaga hal-hal yang patut dirahasiakan, yang barangkali merupakan sebab musabab timbulnya perselisihan, sehingga tidak tersebar dan dikhawatirkan menyinggung kehormatan keluarga.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 490,
"width": 236,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. Fungsi Hakam Dalam Penyelesaian Syiqaq",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 521,
"width": 403,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Baik dalam pasal 76 ayat 2 UU No. 7 tahun 1989 maupun dalam penjelasannya tidak terdapat penjabaran mengenai fungsi hakam secara jelas, hanya disebutkan dalam penjelasannya bahwa “hakam ialah orang yang ditetapkan Pengadilan dari pihak",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 637,
"width": 402,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "13 Mahmud Syaltut, Al-Islamu Aqidatu wa Syari’atun, diterjemahkan oleh Abdurrahman Zain, dengan judul “Islam Aqidah dan Syari’ah”, (Cet. I, Jakarta: Pustaka Amani, 1986), h.246",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 669,
"width": 56,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "14 Ibid ., h. 247",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 109,
"width": 403,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "keluarga suami atau pihak keluarga isteri atau pihak lain untuk mencari upaya penyelesaian perselisihan terhadap syiqaq”. 15",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 148,
"width": 403,
"height": 321,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dari penjelasan itu dapat dipahami bahwa hakam, tugasnya untuk mengupayakan penyelesaian perselisihan. Dengan demikian hakam dalam melaksanakan tugasnya cenderung bertindak sebagai mediator. Dari segi syariat Islam fungsi hakam ditafsirkan secara berbeda oleh para ulama. Menurut Syaikhul Islam Abu Zakaria bahwa hakam tidak berfungsi sebagai hakim-hakim tetapi sebagai wakil-wakil pihak suami isteri. Suami dapat mewakilkan hakamnya untuk takak dan khulu’, dan isteri mewakilakn hakamnya untuk menerima talak. 16 Menurut Said Muhammad Rasyid Ridha, bahwa hakam wajib mengarahkan kehendaknya kepada perdamaian semata- mata. Keputusan hakam wajib dipatuhi dan dilaksanakan. 17 M. Yahya Harahap dalam hal ini mengemukakan bahwa hakam berwenang mengambil keputusan, dan putusan yang dijatuhkan hakam mengikat kepada suami isteri, hakam yang demikian sama dengan pengertian arbitrase . Akan tetapi sifat kearbitrasean yang diatur dalam pasal 76 ayat 2 tidak menetapkan usulnya mengikat bagi hakam. 18 Meskipun pada prinsipnya usul hakam tidak mengikat, tetapi kalau usul yang diajukan didukung oleh alasan yang logis, adalah kurang bijaksana jika hakim mengabaikannya. Lagipula kalau usul dan pendapat mereka tidak diperhatikan dan dipertimbangkan untuk apa pengadilan mengangkat hakam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 479,
"width": 403,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Adalah lebih realistik untuk mepedomani acuan penerapan yang ditentukan pasal 76 ayat (2) melalui pendekatan secara kasualistik . Ada usul hakam yang mengikat hakim bila usul tersebut reasonable dan dibenarkan oleh suami isteri, disamping ada pulu usul hakam yang tidak mengikat hakim jika tidak dibenarkan oleh suami isteri. 19",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 556,
"width": 403,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dengan demikian untuk menyatakan usul hakam dapat mengikat atau tidak bagi hakim harus dikaji secara kasualik, apakah alasan yang menyertai usul hakam adalah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 605,
"width": 197,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "15 Undang-Undang Peradilan Agama, op. Cit., h. 67",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 621,
"width": 348,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "16 Sayid Sabiq, Fiqhi Sunnah , (Darul Kitab al-Arabiy, Bairut-Libanon, Jilid III), h. 289-290",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 637,
"width": 350,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "17 Muhammad Rasyid Ridha, Tafsir al-Manar, (Darul Ma’rif, Bairut-Libanon, Jilid V), h. 77",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 653,
"width": 163,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "18 M. Yahya Harahap, op. Cit. , h. 276-277",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 669,
"width": 57,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "19 Ibid., h. 277",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 109,
"width": 403,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "wajar dan logis untuk dipertimbangkan atau tidak. Dalam hal ini, yang berwenang menilai usul itu layak diterima adalah hak sepenuhnya hakim yang mengangkat hakam. Karena itu pernyataan pembenaran dari suami isteri atau hasil konfrontasi kepada suami isteri terhadap usul hakam, kemungkinannya tidak begitu penting dalam hal ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 187,
"width": 403,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dalam persoalan bertahkim, kita bisa membaca sebuah ayat al-Qur’an yang berbunyi :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 225,
"width": 400,
"height": 100,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": " ",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 347,
"width": 76,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Terjemahannya:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 146,
"top": 360,
"width": 362,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "“Dan jika kamu khawatirkan ada persengketaan antara keduanya, maka kirimlah seorang hakam dari keluarga laki-laki dan seorang hakam dari keluarga perempuan. Jika kedua orang hakam itu bermaksud mengadakan perbaikan, niscaya Allah memberi taufik kepada suami-isteri itu. Sesungguhnya Allah Maha Mengetahui lagi Maha Mengenal.” Q.S. 4 : 35 20",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 438,
"width": 403,
"height": 166,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Turunnya ayat dalam tuntunan seperti itu menyatakan, bahwa yang dimaksud dengan tahkim, posisi dan keberadaan berfungsi sebagai media juru damai manakala komunikasi damai antara suami isteri tidak berfungsi lagi. 21 Menurut Ibu Rusyd, bahwa fuqaha sepakat jika juru damai itu dari pihak keluarga suami isteri, jika tidak orang pantas dari keluarga mereka, maka dikirim orang lain yang bukan keluarga suami isteri. apabial hakam berselisih pendapat, maka pendapat keduanya tidak dilaksanakan. 22 Abu Hanifa, Ahmad dan Asy-Syafi’i berpendapat bahwa hakam tidak diperkenanankan menjatuhkan talak sebelum ada persetujuan dari orang yang mewakili (suami isteri). Menurut pendapat imam Malik, oleh karena hakam sebagai hakim maka tidak boleh",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 621,
"width": 159,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "20 Departemen Agama RI, op. Cit., h. 123",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 637,
"width": 141,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "21 Mahmud Syalhut, Op. Cit., h. 252",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 653,
"width": 401,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "22 Ibnu Rusyd, Bidayatul Mujtahid , diterjamahkan oleh Ahmad Hanafi, (Cet. I, Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1990), h. 225",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 109,
"width": 403,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "memberi keputusan menjatuhkan talak atau mendamaikan tanpa harus ada persetujuan terlebih dahulu dari suami isteri. 23",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 148,
"width": 402,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Setelah upaya damai dilakukan dan kedua hakam memutuskan tidak ada jalan lain kecuali cerai, maka ada dua cara penyelesaiannya :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 187,
"width": 223,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "a) Hakam pihak suami menjatuhkan thalaq, atau",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 205,
"width": 286,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "b) Hakam dari pihak isteri melakukan khulu’ (Thalaq tebus). 24",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 226,
"width": 140,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Mahmud Yunus menegaskan :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 245,
"width": 386,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Apabila terjadi syiqaq (pertengkaran) antara kedua suami isteri, hendaklah yang berkepentingan mengajukan hal itu kepada hakim.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 284,
"width": 386,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Hakim hendaklah mengangkat dua orang hakam (pendamai), seorang dari keluarga isteri dan seorang dari keluarga suami.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 323,
"width": 360,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Tugas kedua hakam tersebut, ialah mendamaikan antara kedua belah pihak.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 342,
"width": 386,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. Apabila kedua hakam itu tidak dapat mendamaikan kedua belah pihak, maka kedua hakam dapat mengambil keputusan, menjatuhkan talak atau mengkhulu. 25",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 401,
"width": 403,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Upaya perdamaian dalam mengatasi syiqaq suami isteri tidak selamanya dapat diselesaikan dengan rukun, jika demikian keadaannya, maka suami isteri diingatkan akan perlunya mengambil langkah-langkah persuasif manakala isteri tetap dalam posisi membangkang. Firman Allah SWT dalam Q.S An-Nisa ayat 34:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 478,
"width": 400,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": " ",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 621,
"width": 267,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "23 Agus Salim, Risalah Nikah , (Jakarta: Pustaka Amani, 1985), . h 225",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 637,
"width": 142,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "24 M. Abdul Mudjieb, Op. Cit., h 347",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 653,
"width": 399,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "25 Mahmud Yunus, Hukum Perkawinan dalam Islam Menurut Mahzab Syafi’i-Hanafi-Maliki- Hanbali, (Cet. XI, Jakarta: Hidakarya Agung, 1989), h. 137",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 108,
"width": 400,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": " ",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 201,
"width": 76,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Terjemahannya:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 146,
"top": 214,
"width": 362,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Wanita-wanita yang kamu khawatirkan nusyuznya, maka nasehatilah mereka dan pisahkanlah mereka di tempat tidur mereka, dan pukullah mereka. Kemudian jika mereka mentaatimu, maka janganlah kamu mencari-cari jalan untuk menyusahkannya. Q.S 4: 34 26",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 286,
"width": 402,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sebaliknya jika suami dalam posisi melecehkan kerukunan dan perdamaian, maa kepada suami isteri dipesankan oleh Allah SWT, agar bersikap etis. Firman Allah SWT, dalam Surat An-Nisa ayat 128.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 343,
"width": 400,
"height": 130,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": " ",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 495,
"width": 76,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Terjemahannya:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 508,
"width": 369,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dan jika seorang wanita khawatir akan nusyuz atau sikap tidak acuh dari suaminya, maka tidak mengapa bagi keduanya mengadakan perdamaian yang sebenar-benarnya, dan perdamaian itu lebih baik (bagi mereka) walaupun manusia itu menurut tabiatnya kikir. Dan jika kamu bergaul dengan isterimu secara baik dan memelihara dirimu (dari nusyuz dan sikap tak acuh), maka sesungguhnya Allah adalah Maha Mengetahui apa yang kamu kerjakan. Q.S 4; 128 27",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 653,
"width": 133,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "26 Depertemen Agama RI. Loc. Cit. 27 Ibid., h. 143",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 109,
"width": 403,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Apabila kedua belah pihak; suami isteri tetap bersikap keras pada posisi untuk tidak rukun dan damai, mengakhiri syiqaq, begitu pula kedua orang juru damai sudah tidak sanggup lagi memainkan perannya sebagai mediator mencari solusi terhadap syiqaq suami isteri. Maka dalam kondisi demikian “islam telah menetapkan hukum agar isteri menyerahkan sebahagian hartanya untuk menebus dirinya, dalam istilah fiqhi dinamakan khulu’. 28 , Allah SWT berfirman dalam surah Al-Baqarah ayat 229.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 244,
"width": 400,
"height": 206,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": " Terjemahannya:",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 453,
"width": 369,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tidak halal bagi kamu mengambil kembali sesuatu dari yang telah kamu berikan kepada mereka, kecuali kalau keduanya khawatir tidak akan dapat menjalankan hukum-hukum Allah. Jika kamu khawatir bahwa keduanya (suami isteri) tidak dapat menjalankan hukum-hukum Allah, maka tidak ada dosa atas keduanya tentang bayaran yang diberikan oleh isteri untuk menebus dirinya. Q.S.2; 229 29",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 537,
"width": 403,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Ayat inilah yang menjadi dasar hukum khulu’ dan penerimaan iwadh , Khulu’ adalah permintaan cerai paa suami dengan pembayaran yang disebut iwadh. Jadi khulu’ merupakan diantara cara terakhir guna mengakhiri persoalan syiqaq suami isteri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 653,
"width": 135,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "28 Mahmud Syahlut, op. Cit ., h.235",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 669,
"width": 154,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "29 Departemen Agama RI, Op. Cit., h.55",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 109,
"width": 402,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dalam islam, seorang hakam disyaratkan dua orang laki-laki, yang sehat akalnya, dewasa, adil dan muslim. 30 Hakam wajib berusaha menciptakan kebaikan dan kelnggengan kehidupan rumah tangga.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 167,
"width": 403,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jika usul hakam harus terikat dengan syarat pembenaran oleh suami isteri, maka hakam tidak bebas berperan dalam mencari upaya penyelesaian dan dapat menurangi arti pengangkatan hakam itu sendiri serta mengakibatkan upaya penyelesaian yang diharapkan tidak akan tercapai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 245,
"width": 403,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Disamping itu sudah lazim bahwa hakim dalam memutuskan suatu perkara tidak mesti didasarkan pada adanya kerelaan pihak-pihak yang bersengketa, meskipun ada kewajiban bagi hakim untuk berusaha agar perkara yang diajukan kepadanya dapat diselesaikan secara perdamaian oleh pihak untuk mendapatkan putusan yang disenangi oleh kedua belah pihak. Artinya keputusan yang diterima dengan kesadaran penuh oleh suami isteri, tidak ditanggapi secara negatif, terlebih lagi menganggap berat sebelah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 362,
"width": 403,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Akhirnya dapat disimpulkan bahwa fungsi hakam terbatas mencari upaya penyelesaian perselisihan, tidak mempunyai kewenangan dan hak mengambil putusan, akan tetapi hakam punya kewajiban berupa wajib melaporkan kepada peradilan agama sampai sejauh mana usaha ia menjalankan fungsi hukum dan apa hasil yang telah diperolehnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 479,
"width": 97,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "C. Hasil Temuan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 499,
"width": 339,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Tata Cara Pemeriksaan Perkara Perceraian Atas Alasan Syiqaq",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 527,
"width": 403,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Apabila terjadi perkara perceraian atas alasan syiqaq, tata cara pemeriksaannya disamping tunduk kepada ketentuan hukum acara perdata pada umumnya, sekaligus harus menurut paasal 76 Undang-undang Nomor 7 tahun 1989.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 595,
"width": 398,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Keharusan mendengar pihak keluarga atau orang yang dekat dengan suami isteri.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 653,
"width": 402,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "30 Sayid Sabiq, Firdaus Sunnah, diterjemahkan oleh Moh. Thalib, dengan judul “Fikih Sunnah”, jilid. (Cet. II, Bandung: al-Ma’arif, 1983), h. 115",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 109,
"width": 403,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Ketentuan dalam pasal 76 ayat (1) undang-undang nomor 7 tahun 1989 yang mengharuskan hakim untuk mendengar keterangan keluarga atau orang yang dekat suami isteri sebelum memberi putusan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 146,
"top": 177,
"width": 362,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Apabila gugatan perceraian didasarkan atas alasan syiqaq, maka untuk mendapatkan putusan perceraian harus didengar keterangan saksi-saksi yang berasal dari keluaraga atau orang-orang yang dekat dengan suami isteri. 31",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 229,
"width": 403,
"height": 146,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pada prinsipnya sama dengan ketentuan dalam pasal 22 ayat (2) PP Nomor 2 Tahun 1975 yang mengatur salah satu aspek tata cara mengadili perkara perceraian yang didasarkan atas alasan syiqaq atau perselisihan/pertengkaran yang terus menerus. Oleh karena itu ketentuan tersebut merupakan salah satu bagian dari tata cara mengadili yang harus diterapkan hakim dalam proses persidangan. M. Yahya Harahap berpendapat “Kelalaian hakim dalam menerapkan ketentuan tersebut dapat mengakibatkan putusan batal demi hukum. Atau sekurang-kurangnya harus diadakan pemeriksaan tambahan untuk menyempurnakannya”. 32",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 384,
"width": 403,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Penjelasan perkara perceraian didasarkan atas alasan syiqaq, hakim harus memeriksa keluarga dekat atau orang-orang yang dekat dengan suami isteri, jika ternyata keluarga dekat tidak ada atau jauh dan sulit untuk dihadirkan, hakim dapat meminta siapa-siapa orang yang dekat dengan suami isteri. Kalau pihak keluarga atau orang dekat suamiisteri tidak mau hadir dengan suka rela sebagai saksi, maka hakim secara ” exofficio ” memerintahkan juru sita untuk memanggil mereka secara resmi, malahan dapat dihadirkan dengan paksa. 33",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 520,
"width": 403,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Ketentuan pasal 76 sebenarnya bersifat imperatif . Berarti pemeriksaan keluarga atau orang dekat dengan suami isteri mesti dilakukan lebih dahulu sebelum hakim menjatuhkan putusan sebagai syarat sahnya pemeriksaan dan putusan. Bila dilalaikan mengakibatkan pemeriksaan dan putusan batal demi hukum. Karena telah diabaikan tata",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 621,
"width": 174,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "31 Undang-Undang Peradilan Agama, Loc. cit",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 637,
"width": 402,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "32 M. Yahya Harahap, Kedudukan Kewenangan dan Acara Peradilan Agama-Undang-Undang No 7 Tahun 1989, Cet. II; (Jakarta : Pustaka Kartini, 1993), H. 266",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 669,
"width": 29,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "33 Ibid .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 109,
"width": 403,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "cara yang telah ditentukan undang-undang. Dengan demikian semakin kuat alasan hakim untuk memerintahkan kehadiran pihak keluarga atau orang dekat secara resmi, dan bila perlu secara paksa dalam hal mereka tidak mau hadir dengan sukarela. Kewenangan hakim tersebut, tidak perlu atas permintaan para pihak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 187,
"width": 403,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dari uraian iatas diketahui pemeriksaan keluarga atau orang-orang dekat dengan suami isteri sebagai saksi dalam masalah perceraian atas dasar syiqaq adalah bersifat imperatif , karena itu menjadi syarat sahnya pemeriksaan, kelalaian dalam yang demikian dianggap merupakan pelanggaran terhadap tata cara mengadili yang ditentukan undang-undang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 294,
"width": 200,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Pengadilan dapat mengangkat Hakam",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 322,
"width": 403,
"height": 185,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan ketentuan undang-undang No. 7 pasal 76 ayat (2) yang berwenang mengangkat hakam adalah pengadilan, dilakukan oleh ketua majelis yang memeriksa perkara. Ketentuan pengangkatan hakam bersifat fakultatif, 34 hal ini dapat dilihat dari bunyi pasal tersebut dalam kalimat “dapat mengangkat hakam”. 35 Ini berarti tidak semua perkara perceraian yang didasarkan atas alasan syiqaq harus diselesaikan dengan pengangkatan hakam. Pengangkatan hakam dari segi ilmu fiqh, ada yang menganggap hukumnya wajib, pendapat lain yaitu hukummya sunnat. 36 Nampaknya Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1989 mensejajarkan pengangkatan hakam sebagai tindakan “sunnah”. Pengadilan dapat mengangkat hakam apabila proses pemeriksaan saksi sudah dilakukan pengadilan, artinya “pengangkatan hakam merupakan tindakan kausistik ” 37",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 517,
"width": 403,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Oleh karena pengangkatan hakam dilakukan setelah mendengar saksi-saksi yang berasal dari keluarga atau orang dekat dengan suami isteri, atau dengan kata lain setelah melalui tahap pembuktian, maka ada kemungkinan bila alasan perceraian tersebut terbukti dan telah cukup jelas bagi pengadilan sebab-sebab perselisihan dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 621,
"width": 144,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "34 M. Yahya Harahap, op. Cit., h. 275",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 637,
"width": 148,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "35 UU Peradilan Agama, op. Cit., h. 35",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 653,
"width": 118,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "36 M. Yahya Harahap, Loc., Cit",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 669,
"width": 56,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "37 Ibid., h. 275",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 109,
"width": 403,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "pertengkaran, gugatan/permohonan perceraian ditolak. Sehingga dengan demikian tidak diperlukan lagi pengangkatan hakam dalam penyelesaiannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 148,
"width": 403,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pengangkatan hakam diperlukan manakala dalam pemeriksaan perkara syiqaq tidak didukung oleh pembuktian yang sempurna, akan tetapi terdpat petunjuk atau indikasi bahwa sifat syiqaq meruapakn tahapan pertengkaran yang tajam, sedangkan upaya perdamaian dari hakim tidak mebuahkan hasil dan harapan damai. Berarti diperlukan orang-orang yang lebih mengetahui seluk beluk dan keadaan suami isteri, yang lebih leluasa memeriksa keadaan tempat kediaman suami isteri, dapat mengadakan kominikasi perdamaian dengan pihak-pihak atau para keluarganya secara lebih bebas dan mendalam, atau melakukan sesuatu yang lazimnya tidak mungkin dilakukan oleh hakim karena dibatasi oleh kode etik tugas dan profesi kehakiman.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 323,
"width": 403,
"height": 224,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Upaya pengangkatan hakam tergantung kepada hakim, sekalipun ada permintaan dari salah satu pihak atau dari kedua belah pihak, semuanya terletak pada penilaian hakim atas ukuran mana yang lenih mendatangkan maslahat dalam penyelesaian perkara yang sedang diperiksa. Jika dalam perkiraan/penilaian hakim, perdamaian lebih mudah dicapai jika melalui hakam, barangkali pengangkatan hakam bisa berubah menjadi keharusan. Yang jelasnya seorang hakim tidak boleh bersikap apriori ; pesimis akan adanya kemungkinan islah bisa dicapai, sebaliknya harus bersikap membuka peluang untuk mengangkat hakam sampai putusan perkara syiqaq dijatuhkan. Dalam kondisi lain, dari hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan bukti-bukti perkara yang sangat parah, dan pengangkatan hakam sudah dapat diperhitungkan akan sia-sia, hakim lebih tepat menyelesaikan perkara. Sebaiknya diyakini dan berpegang teguh pada sunnatullah, bahwa tidak semua persengketaan dapat diselesaikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 556,
"width": 403,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sekarang timbullah sebuah pertanyaan, pada tahap proses yang bagaimana baru dapat diangkat hakam dalam suatu perkara yang didasarkan atas syiqaq? Pada pasal 76 ayat (2) UU No. 7 Tahun 1989, didalamnya tergambar saat pengangkatan hakam, ialah sesudah proses perkara melewati tahap pemeriksaan saksi. Saksi-saksi dan alat bukti lainnya yang diajukan para pihak sudah selesai diperiksa. Dari hasil pemeriksaan pembuktian, pengadilan telah mendapat gambaran tentang sifat syiqaq, pada tahap seperti inilah baru saatnya menunjuk hakam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 109,
"width": 402,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Agar dapat bekerja sebaik mungkin, segala sesuatu yang terjadi dipersidangan sebaiknya diinformasikan kepadanya. Kepada hakam diberi :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 157,
"width": 127,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- Pengarahan seperlunya;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 177,
"width": 167,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- Saat melaporkan hasil usahanya;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 195,
"width": 190,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "- Serta batas jangka waktu penugasan. 38",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 225,
"width": 403,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dengan sendirinya, hakam disyaratkan orang yang arif, disegani dan bersedia bekerja serta dapat dipercaya. Hakam benar-benar dikenal dan sangat dekat dengan suami isteri, batas waktu tugas diamanatkan kepadanya untuk menyelesaikan perkara dipatuhi dengan baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 303,
"width": 369,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kalau tidak keliru, dari segi pendekatan hukum Islam maupun dari segi pendekatan Hukum Acara Perdata, pengusulan hakam datang dari pihak-pihak yang berperkara. Para pihak bebas mengusulkan siapa yang mereka ingini menjadi hakam dari pihaknya. Akan tetapi apa yang mereka usulkan, tidak mengikat hakim. Oleh karena itu usul penunjukan hakam yang disampaikan para pihak tidak mutlak mengikat, untuk mengusulkan beberapa orang serta dalam pengusulan itu dilengkapi dengan biodata. 39",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 448,
"width": 403,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hukum harus dimiliki kepastian dan kredabilitas sebagai pendamai. Sekiranya kami berpendapat orang-orang yang diusulkan para pihak kurang tepat, hakim dapat mengusulkan orang lain atas persetujuan pihak-pihak yang bersengketa, agar tidak terjadi hambatan psikologis antara hakam dengan pihak-pihak dalam melaksanakan pendekatan penyelesaian perselisihan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 546,
"width": 403,
"height": 87,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Secara prosedural, pengangkatan hakam perkara perceraian atas alasan syiqaq dilakukan pada saat tahap proses pemeriksaan perkara sudah selesai memeriksa saksi dan alat bukti lainnya. Pengangkatan hakam sifatnya imperatif, tidak mesti harus ada tergantung dengan kondisi perkara yang menurut pertimbangan hakim atau pengadilan memungkinkan untuk diadakan atau tidak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 653,
"width": 57,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "38 Ibid., h. 274",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 669,
"width": 30,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "39 Ibid.,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 109,
"width": 402,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Aplikasi Penyelesaian Perkara Gugat Cerai Karena Alasan Syiqaq di Pengadilan Agama Manado",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 157,
"width": 402,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pembahasan pada bagian ini diawali dengan data presentase penyelesaian setiap kasus dalam kurun waktu tertentu, sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 206,
"width": 74,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Tahun 2000",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 225,
"width": 166,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "a. Pengesahan nikah : 7 Kasus",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 245,
"width": 167,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "b. Penetapan ikrar talak : 24 Kasus",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 264,
"width": 49,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "c. Fasak",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 239,
"top": 264,
"width": 50,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": ": 3 Kasus",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 283,
"width": 166,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "d. Syiqaq : 2 Kasus",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 303,
"width": 167,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e. Tuntutan ganti rugi : 1 Kasus",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 322,
"width": 166,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "f. Mal : 1 Kasus",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 342,
"width": 122,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "g. Lain-lain :",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 361,
"width": 166,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "h. Gugur : 11 Kasus",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 381,
"width": 91,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "i. Banding kasasi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 239,
"top": 381,
"width": 50,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": ": 2 Kasus",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 420,
"width": 74,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Tahun 2001",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 439,
"width": 166,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "a. Pengesahan nikah : 3 Kasus",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 459,
"width": 167,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "b. Penetapan ikrar talak : 37 Kasus",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 478,
"width": 78,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "c. Taklik Talak",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 239,
"top": 478,
"width": 50,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": ": 50 Kasus",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 497,
"width": 166,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "d. Mal : 1 Kasus e. Lain-lain : 6 Kasus f. Gugur : 2 Kasus",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 556,
"width": 169,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "g. Banding : 3 Kasus h. Dicabut : 7 Kasus",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 614,
"width": 74,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Tahun 2002",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 634,
"width": 166,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "a. Cerai talak : 38 Kasus",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 653,
"width": 166,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "i. Cerai gugat : 44 Kasus",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 672,
"width": 166,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "j. Isbat nikah : 5 Kasus",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 109,
"width": 166,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "k. Kewarisan : 1 Kasus l. Ditolak : 6 Kasus m. Gugur : 6 Kasus",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 187,
"width": 74,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. Tahun 2003",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 206,
"width": 181,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "a. Pembatalan perkawinan : 1 Kasus",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 226,
"width": 72,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "b. Cerai talak",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 252,
"top": 226,
"width": 50,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": ": 8 Kasus",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 245,
"width": 179,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "c. Cerai gugat : 29 Kasus d. Harta bersama : 1 Kasus",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 284,
"width": 179,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e. Pengesahan anak : 1 Kasus",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 303,
"width": 185,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "f. Isbat nikah : 1 Kasus g. Kewarisan : 2 Kasus 40",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 352,
"width": 403,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Data diatas menggambarkan tentang beragamnya kasus dan potensinya yang ditangani Pengadilan Agama Manado, setiap tahunnya. Kasus terbanyak adalah secara berturut-turut sebagai berikut: cerai gugat (tindak pidana dan cacat badan atau penyakit) 73 kasus, penetapan ikrar talak 46 kasus. Sementara gugat cerai atas alasan syiqaq adalah sangat minim yaitu tahun 2000 hanya ada 2 kasus dan tahun 2003 hanya 1 kasus. Jika perkara yang ditangani pengadilan Agama Manado dilihat dari segi kasus pertahun, maka urutan-urutannya ialah sebagai berikut: tahun 2000 sebanyak 51 kasus, tahun 2001 sebanyak 109 kasus, tahun 2002 sebanyak 104 kasus dan tahun 2003 sebanyak 43 kasus.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 527,
"width": 403,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Aplikasi penyelesaian perkara gugat cerai atas alasan syiqaq tetap mengacu jalur dan prosedur sistem hukum sebagai dasar pegangan. “penanganan perkara gugat cerai atas dasar syiqaq di Pengadilan Agama tetap mengacu pada sistem perundang-undangan berupa UU peradilan Agama UU No. 7 tahun 1989, juga sistem syariat islam tentang masalah syiqaq”. 41 Penanganan secara prosedural hukum dimaksudkan untuk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 653,
"width": 265,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "40 Sumber data, Kantor Pengadilan Agama Manado, data tahun 2003",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 669,
"width": 272,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "41 Insyafli, Hakim ketua Pengadilan Agama Manado, Wawancara, 2003",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 109,
"width": 403,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "“menegakkan keadilan, kebenaran, ketertiban dan kepastian hukum yang mampu memberikan pengayoman masyarakat islam”. 42",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 148,
"width": 403,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sebagai untuk kepentingan pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan penelitian ilmiah kami ketengahkan kasus dibawah ini guna bahan pertimbangan dan bahan masukan dalam usaha menemukan suatu bentuk penerapan pasal 76 UU No. 7 tahun 1989 yang mendekati kebenaran. Kasus perkaranya sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 235,
"width": 403,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "M.M (singakatan nama penggugat) seorang isteri mengajukan gugatan cerai melawan A.S (singkatan nama tergugat) suaminya ke Pengadilan Agama Manado dengan suratnya tertanggal 9 April 2003 yang terdaftar dikepaniteraan pengadilan Agama Manado dibwah nomor registrasi : 27/Ptd-G/2003/PA/MDO.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 313,
"width": 403,
"height": 166,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "M.M di dalam posita gugatnya mengemukakan telah menikah dengan A.S selama 6 tahun sejak menikah telah mendapatkan 2 orang anak. Sebulan setelah menikah, ternyata bulan September 1997 rumah tangga kedua pasangan suami isteri ini cekcok karena A.S mempunyai perilaku yang tidak etis; melakukan tindak pidana judi, mabuk- mabukkan, mempunyai wanita simpanan. Disamping itu A.S. sebagai tergugat suka memukul dan menyiksa M.M secara berturut-turut, yaitu bulan Februari 1999, tanggal 19 Februari 2002 dan terakhir tanggal 21 Mei 2002. Dan sejak tanggal 19 Februari antara M.M dengan A.S. telag berpisah, pada saat M.M. minggat dari rumah karena tidak tahan lagi disiksa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 488,
"width": 402,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan alasan tersebut M.M. mohon kepada Pengadilan Agama Manado dalam petitum surat gugatannya, supaya :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 536,
"width": 204,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Mengabulkan gugatan penggugat (M.M)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 556,
"width": 386,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Memutuskan hubungan dengan A.S karena cekcok terus menerus dalam rumah tangga sesuai dengan hukum yang berlaku;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 595,
"width": 258,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Membebasan biaya perkara sesuai dengan peraturan;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 614,
"width": 201,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. Memohon keadilan yang seadil-adilnya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 669,
"width": 292,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 22,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "42 Ahmad Riva’i, AH. Hakim Pengadilan Agama Manado, Wawancara, 2003",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 109,
"width": 403,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 23,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Atas gugatan itu A.S sebagai tergugat telah menyampaikan jawaban yang pada pokoknya sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 157,
"width": 386,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 23,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Bahwa benar penggugat dan tergugat suami isteri yang sah dan sudah mempunyai dua orang anak;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 196,
"width": 386,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 23,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Bahwa benar dalam rumah tangga penggugat dan tergugat terjadi percecokkan dan pertengkaran sebagaimana didalihkan oleh penggugat;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 235,
"width": 386,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 23,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Bahwa penyebab percecokkan dan pertengkaran tersebut adalah sebagaimana yang telah didalihkan penggugat selalu menuduh tergugat berpacaran dengan perempuan lain yang berinisial T, padahal itu tidak benar;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 294,
"width": 386,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 23,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. Bahwa benar semenjak 19 Februari 2002 penggugat dan tergugat sudah berpisah sama sekali, karena penggugat turun dari rumah kediaman bersama;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 332,
"width": 300,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 23,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5. Bahwa tergugat masih ingin rukun kembali dengan penggugat",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 371,
"width": 403,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 23,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Usaha Majelis hakim untuk menyelesaikan persengketaan mereka secara perdamaian tidak membuahkan hasil. Kemudian M.M bersikukuh untuk tidak rukun lagi, meskipun A.S. menyatakan keinginan bersedia rukun.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 430,
"width": 403,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 23,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Karena dalih-dalih gugatan M.M sebagian telah disangkal A.S. maka Pengadilan Agama Manado memerintahkan M.M membuktikan dalil-dalil gugatannya. Untuk itu telah dihadapkan 2 orang saksi dari keluarga M.M. sebagai saksi yang memberikan keterangannya di bawah sumpah di persidangan. Saksi menerangkan yang pada intinya bahwa penggugat dan tergugat suami isteri, telah dikarunia dua orang anak, rumah tangga mereka senantiasa dilanda perselisihan/pertengkaran, telah diupayakan jalan damai ternyata tidak ada jalan. Sebaliknya dari pihak tergugat, mengahdirkan satu orang saksi dari keluarga, dimana dalam kesaksiannya senada dengan kesaksian dari pihak tergugat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 605,
"width": 403,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 23,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Memperhatikan alat bukti yang ada dan keterangan saksi-saksi, maka dapat disimpulkan sebagai persangkaan tentang adanya perselisihan yang tajam antara kedua belah pihak. Karenanya perkara ini dikualifikasikan sebagai gugatan perceraian yang didasarkan atas alasan syiqaq (Pasal 76 UU No. 7 tahun 1989). Maka untuk mendapat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 109,
"width": 403,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 24,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "putusan perceraian harus didengar keterangan saksi-saksi yang berasal dari keluarga atau orang-orang yang dekat dengan suami isteri (penggugat dan tergugat) dan mengangkat hakam masing-masing pihak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 167,
"width": 402,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 24,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pengadilan Agama Manado: menimbang; mengingat dan mengadili sebelum memutus pokok perkara sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 206,
"width": 386,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 24,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Menetapkan perkara ini sebagai gugatan perceraian yang didasarkan atas alasan syiqaq;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 245,
"width": 386,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 24,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Memerintahkan penggugat dan tergugat untuk menghadirkan saksi-saksi yang berasal dari keluarga masing-masing atau orang-orang yang dekat dengan penggugat dan tergugat guna didengar keterangan mereka di persidangan dan diangkat sebagai hakam masing-masing pihak.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 323,
"width": 335,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 24,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Menunda penentuan mengenai biaya perkara sampai putusan berakhir",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 352,
"width": 403,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 24,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kemudian M.M mengajukan nama seorang dari keluarganya untuk diangkat sebagai hakam dipihaknya, kemudian juga A.S mengajukan nama dari seorang keluarganya untuk diangkat menjadi hakim dari pihaknya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 410,
"width": 403,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 24,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Setelah pengadilan mengangkat hakam-hakam tersebut serta memberi pengarahan hakam-hakam dan pihak-pihak seperkunya, memberi waktu sesuai permintaan hakam untuk mencari upaya penyelesaian syiqaq. Sampai pada hari sidang yang telah ditentukan hakam-hakam memberi usul/kesimpulan yang intinya bahwa “penggugat dan tergugat tidak ada harapan lagi didamaikan”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 507,
"width": 325,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 24,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pada akhirnya pengadilan Agama Manado menarik kesimpulan bahwa:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 536,
"width": 386,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 24,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Sudah tidak ada harapan lagi antara penggugat dan tergugat untuk dapat hidup rukun kembali dalam satu rumah tangga, hal mana terbukti bahwa seluruh upaya keluarga kedua belah pihak maupun oleh pengadilan selama proses persidangan tidak memperlihatkan adanya tanda-tanda untuk rukun kembali;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 614,
"width": 386,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 24,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Dalam rumah tangga penggugat dan tergugat sudah tidak mungkin lagi diharapkan terwujudnya ketenangan lahir batin serta kasih sayang;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 653,
"width": 386,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 24,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Berdasarkan pertimbangan-pertimbangan di atas maka terbukti bahwa gugatan cerai penggugat tersebut telah memenuhi alasan perceraian sebagaimana diatur",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 109,
"width": 369,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "dalam pasal 39 ayat (1) UU No. 1 tahun 1974 jo pasal 19 huruf (f) peraturan pemerintah No. 9 tahun 1975 dan pasal 116 huruf (f) Kompilasi Hukum Islam, oleh karena itu dapat dikabulkan;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 167,
"width": 386,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. Berdasarkan pasal 89 ayat (1) UU No. 7 tahun 1989, maka biaya perkara patut dibebankan kepada penggugat.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 216,
"width": 402,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Adapun keputusan Pengadilan Agama Manado yang berkenan gugat cerai atas alasan syiqaq seperti di atas, sebagai berikut ;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 264,
"width": 124,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Mengabulkan gugatan;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 283,
"width": 380,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Menyatakan jatuh talak satu ba’in sughra dari tergugat A.S. terhadap penggugat",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 303,
"width": 327,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Membebankan biaya perkara sebesar Rp. 82.500 kepada penggugat.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 332,
"width": 403,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jelas bahwa proses penyelesaian gugat cerai atas alasan syiqaq di Pengadilan Agama Manado, aplikasinya didasarkan kepada pasal 76 No. 7 tahun 1989 UU Peradilan Agama bagian Tata Cara penyelesaian perceraian karena alasan syiqaq, sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 419,
"width": 369,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "(1) Apabila gugatan perceraian didasarkan atas alasan syiqaq, maka untuk mendapatkan putusan perceraian harus didengar keterangan saksi-saksi yang berasal dari keluarga atau orang-orang dekat suami isteri.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 477,
"width": 372,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "(2) Pengadilan setelah mendengar keterangan saksi tentang sifat persengketaan antara suami isteri dapat mengangkat seorang atau lebih dari keluarga masing-masing pihak ataupun orang lain untuk menjadi hakim. 43",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 545,
"width": 242,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sebagaimana juga yang ditulis oleh Mahmud Yunus;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 574,
"width": 369,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "(1) Apabila terjadi syiqaq (pertengkaran) antara kedua suami isteri, hendaklah yang berkepentingan mengajukan hal itu kepada hakim.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 653,
"width": 402,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 25,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "43 Undang-undang peradilan Agama UU No. 7 tahun 1989, Cet. II ; (Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 1992), h. 35",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 109,
"width": 369,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 26,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "(2) Hakim hendaklah mengangkat dua orang hakam pendamai, seorang dari keluarga isteri dan seorang dari keluarga suami.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 148,
"width": 369,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 26,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "(3) Tugas kedua hakam tersebut tidak dapat mendamaikan kedua belah pihak, maka hakam dapat mengambil keputusan, menjatuhkan talak atau mengkhulu’ 44",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 216,
"width": 402,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 26,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Penyelesaian akhir syiqaq suami isteri oleh Pengadilan Agama ditetapkan dengan menjatuhkan talak atau khulu’ (talak tebus) dari pihak isteri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 342,
"width": 82,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 26,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "D. PENUTUP",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 380,
"width": 403,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 26,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisa diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa seseorang yang mewakili pihak suami ataupun pihak isteri dalam hal Syiqaq berkedudukan, pertama sebagai wakil dari wakil suami isteri dan dalam hal ini kedua orang tersebut tidak berhak untuk memutuskan perkara tanpa adanya persetujuan dari kedua orang yang berselisih. Kedua, seseorang yang mewakili dari pihak suami ataupun pihak isteri berkedudukan sebagai hakim dan mereka mempunyai kewenangan untuk metuskan perkara walaupun tanpa persetujuan orang yang bersangkutan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 516,
"width": 403,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 26,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Apabila dalam kasus Syiqaq ini keduan tidak dapat berdamai maka salah satu hal yang terbaik adalah dengan menceraikan keduanya, dan kedudukan cerai kasus Syiqaq adalah bersifat Ba`in, yaitu pernikahan yang putus secara penuh dan tidak memungkinkan untuk kembali lagi kecuali dengan mengadakan akad dan makawin baru tanpa harus dinikahi oleh pria lain sebelumnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 653,
"width": 368,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 26,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "44 Mahmud Yunus, Hukum Perkawinan dalam Islam Menurut Mahzab Syafi’i, Hanafi, Maliki,",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 670,
"width": 237,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 26,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hanbali , Cet. XI ; (Jakarta : Hindakarya Agung, 1989), h. 137",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 109,
"width": 403,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 27,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Aplikasi penyelesaian perkara gugat cerai atas alasan syiqaq tetap mengacu jalur dan prosedur sistem hukum sebagai dasar pegangan. “penanganan perkara gugat cerai atas dasar syiqaq di Pengadilan Agama tetap mengacu pada sistem perundang-undangan berupa UU peradilan Agama UU No. 7 tahun 1989, juga sistem syariat islam tentang masalah syiqaq”. 45 Penanganan secara prosedural hukum dimaksudkan untuk “menegakkan keadilan, kebenaran, ketertiban dan kepastian hukum yang mampu memberikan pengayoman masyarakat Islam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 267,
"top": 362,
"width": 107,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 27,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 420,
"width": 402,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 27,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Departemen Agama RI, Al-qur’an dan Terjemahannya, Yayasan Penyelenggara Penterjemah/Pentafsir Al-Qur’an Jakarta, 1971.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 459,
"width": 358,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 27,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Zain Abdurrahman, Islam Aqidah Dan Syariah . Jakarta: Pustaka Amani, 1986.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 485,
"width": 294,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 27,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Undang-Undang Peradilan Agama, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 1992.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 511,
"width": 357,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 27,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Mudjieb M. Abdul, et. al, Kamus Istilah Fiqhi , Jakarta: Pustaka Firdaus, 1994.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 537,
"width": 307,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 27,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Nur Djaman, Fiqhi Munakahat, Semarang: CV. Toha Putera, 1993.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 563,
"width": 399,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 27,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Harahap M. Yahya, Kedudukan Kewenangan dan Acara Peradilan Agama Undang- Undang No. 7 Tahun 1989 , Jakarta: Pustaka Kartini, 1993.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 602,
"width": 403,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 27,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Shobahussurur Hadi Mulyo, Falsafah dan Hikmah Hukum Islam , Semarang: CV. Adhi Grafika, 1992.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 669,
"width": 272,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 27,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "45 Insyafli, Hakim ketua Pengadilan Agama Manado, Wawancara, 2003",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 109,
"width": 402,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 28,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hadikusuma Hilman, Hukum Perkawinan Indonesia Menurut Perundangan-Hukum Adat- Hukum Agama, Bandung: Mandar Maju, 1990.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 148,
"width": 330,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 28,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sunarto Ahmad, Tarjamah Shahih Bukhari , Semarang: Asy-Syifa, 1992.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 174,
"width": 346,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 28,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sabiq Sayid, Fiqhi Sunnah , Darul Kitab al-Arabiy, Bairut-Libanon, Jilid III.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 200,
"width": 378,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 28,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Rasyid Ridha Muhammad, Tafsir al-Manar, Darul Ma’rif, Bairut-Libanon, Jilid V.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 226,
"width": 289,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 28,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Rusyd Ibnu, Bidayatul Mujtahid , Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1990.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 251,
"width": 269,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 28,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Salim Agus, Risalah Nikah , Jakarta: Pustaka Amani, 1985.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 277,
"width": 400,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 28,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Yunus Mahmud, Hukum Perkawinan dalam Islam Menurut Mahzab Syafi’i-Hanafi- Maliki-Hanbali, Jakarta: Hidakarya Agung, 1989.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 316,
"width": 264,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 28,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sabiq Sayid, Firdaus Sunnah , Bandung: al-Ma’arif, 1983.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 342,
"width": 307,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 28,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sumber data, Kantor Pengadilan Agama Manado, data tahun 2003.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 368,
"width": 319,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 28,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Insyafli, Hakim ketua Pengadilan Agama Manado, Wawancara, 2003.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 394,
"width": 343,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 28,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Ahmad Riva’i, AH. Hakim Pengadilan Agama Manado, Wawancara, 2003.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
d233f1c5-31f8-3722-459c-2e27382031b4 | https://ejournal.polbangtanmedan.ac.id/index.php/agrica/article/download/123/66 | [
{
"left": 423,
"top": 45,
"width": 113,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Agrica Ekstensia",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 59,
"width": 445,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Info Artikel Received : 27 November 2022 Vol. 16 No.2 Tahun 2022 Revised : 23 Desember 2022 p-ISSN : 1978-5054 Accepted : 31 Desember 2022 e-ISSN : 2715-9493",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 777,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "67",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 112,
"top": 119,
"width": 406,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PERILAKU PETANI DALAM PENGENDALIAN HAMA TIKUS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 136,
"width": 437,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DENGAN TEKNOLOGI TRAP BARRIER SYSTEM PADA TANAMAN PADI SAWAH DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 218,
"top": 179,
"width": 187,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Anggra Maulana, Sukadi, Siti Nurlaela",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 204,
"width": 386,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penyuluhan Pertanian Berkelanjutan, Politeknik Pembangunan Pertanian Yogyakarta Magelang Jl. Kusumanegara No.2 Yogyakarta, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 216,
"top": 245,
"width": 191,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Koresponden Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 294,
"top": 269,
"width": 38,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 280,
"width": 456,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hama tikus masih menjadi musuh petani dalam budidaya padi, sementara itu teknologi pengendalian yang digunakan petani belum efektif untuk mengatasi hama tikus. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku petani dalam pengendalian hama tikus dengan teknologi Trap Barrier System (TBS) pada tanaman padi sawah yang meliputi pengetahuan, sikap, dan keterampilan petani. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Waktu pelaksanaan kajian selama 6 (enam) bulan yakni pada bulan Januari 2022 sampai Juni 2022 di Kalurahan Sumbersari Kapanewon Moyudan Kabupaten Sleman. Sampel dalam kajian ini berjumlah 42 orang yang ditentukan secara purposive random sampling. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa hanya 29% petani yang menerapkan teknologi TBS dalam pengendalian hama tikus. Perilaku petani dalam pengetahuan sedang (63%), sikap tinggi (75%) dan keterampilan sedang (59%). Penyuluhan dan pemberdayaan dilakukan untuk meningkatkan perilaku petani dalam pengendalian hama tikus dengan teknologi TBS.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 401,
"width": 426,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci: perilaku petani, pengetahuan, sikap, keterampilan, teknik pengendalian hama tikus, TBS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 431,
"width": 37,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 442,
"width": 456,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rat pests are still the enemy of farmers in rice cultivation, and the control technology used by farmers has not been effective in overcoming rat pests. This study aims to determine the behavior of farmers in rat pest control with FFB technology, including knowledge, attitudes, and skills in rat pest control with FFB technology. This study uses a quantitative approach and is analyzed descriptively. It will be held from January 2022 to June 2022 at Kalurahan Sumbersari Kapanewon Moyudan, Sleman Regency. The sample in this study was 42 people who were determined by purposive random sampling. The results showed that only 29% of farmers applied FFB technology in rat pest control. The behavior of farmers in medium knowledge (63%), high altitude (75%), and medium skills (59%). Counseling and empowerment are carried out to improve farmer behavior in rat pest control with FFB technology .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 551,
"width": 380,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: farmer behavior, knowledge, attitudes, skills, TBS (Trap Barrier System), rat pest",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 581,
"width": 88,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 594,
"width": 218,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sektor pertanian, kehutanan, dan perikanan merupakan sektor yang memberikan kontribusi sebesar 9,37% terhadap perekonomian D.I. Yogyakarta pada tahun 2015-2019 [1]. Di sisi lain, produktivitas padi di Kabupaten Sleman menempati posisi terendah kedua di D.I. Yogyakarta (46,84 kuintal/ha) kedua setelah Kabupaten Kulon Progo yang mengalami penurunan produksi padi [2]. Penurunan produktivitas padi bisa disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, antara lain perubahan iklim, penurunan jumlah lahan dan penggunaan teknologi dalam pengendalian hama.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 581,
"width": 216,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hama tikus masih menjadi musuh utama petani dalam budidaya tanaman padi dan serangan hama tikus menyerang sejak awal hingga akhir proses kegiatan pertanaman. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan petani seperti gropyokan (kegiatan gotong royong petani dalam memberantas tikus), penggunaan bahan kimia, rumah burung hantu (rubuha) maupun kombinasi beberapa teknik. Salah satu teknik yang dianggap efektif adalah teknologi Trap Barrier System ( TBS ). Teknik ini efektif karena dapat melindungi padi dari awal tanam hingga panen, serta tidak menggunakan bahan kimia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 423,
"top": 45,
"width": 113,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Agrica Ekstensia",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 59,
"width": 445,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Info Artikel Received : 27 November 2022 Vol. 16 No.2 Tahun 2022 Revised : 23 Desember 2022 p-ISSN : 1978-5054 Accepted : 31 Desember 2022 e-ISSN : 2715-9493",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 777,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "68",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 100,
"width": 215,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "yang menimbulkan efek kerusakan lingkungan, sebagaimana penelitian [3].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 125,
"width": 215,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penggunaan TBS untuk pengendalian tikus sebelumnya sudah pernah disampaikan oleh penyuluh Kalurahan Sumbersari dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 163,
"width": 216,
"height": 150,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dipraktikkan bersama dan diperoleh hasil yang baik (efektif menangkap tikus). Tetapi hingga saat penelitian dilaksanakan, petani di Kalurahan Sumbersari belum seluruhnya menerapkan teknologi tersebut. Kemungkinan penyebabnya adalah petani belum memiliki pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan yang memadai. Pemahaman tentang perilaku petani penting dikaji, karena nantinya didapatkan gambaran terkait penggunaan TBS di lapangan dan dapat digunakan sebagai dasar untuk melakukan penyuluhan bagi petani.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 315,
"width": 215,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perilaku petani dalam penggunaan TBS di Kalurahan Sumbersari belum pernah di kaji. Untuk memastikan perilaku petani dalam pengendalian hama tikus dengan menggunakan teknologi TBS, perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang Perilaku Petani dalam Pengendalian Hama Tikus dengan Teknologi TBS ( Trap Barrier System ).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 435,
"width": 144,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MATERIAL DAN METODE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 447,
"width": 216,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kajian telah dilakukan pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Juli 2022 yang bertempat di Kalurahan Sumbersari, Kapanewon Moyudan, Kabupaten Sleman. Tempat dan populasi kajian dipilih secara purposive sampling dari 14 kelompok tani. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah sebanyak 42 orang (perwakilan 3 orang dari setiap kelompok).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 548,
"width": 216,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kuisioner, observasi, dan wawancara. Variabel diukur menggunakan skala likert dengan interval 1-5, dengan skor dan kriteria berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 612,
"width": 182,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "- Skor 5 : sangat tepat; - Skor 4 : tepat; - Skor 3 : kurang tepat; - Skor 2 : tidak tepat; - Skor 1 : sangat kurang tepat.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 687,
"width": 215,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis data yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Skor maksimal adalah 5 (dengan asumsi 100%) dan skor minimal adalah 1 (dengan asumsi 20%) sehingga berdasarkan perhitungan tersebut,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 100,
"width": 215,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "maka kategori kelas dalam kajian ini dapat adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 138,
"width": 205,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "- Interval kelas 84% - 100%: Sangat Tinggi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 151,
"width": 167,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "- Interval kelas 68% - 83%: Tinggi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 163,
"width": 175,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "- Interval kelas 52% - 67% : Sedang",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 176,
"width": 174,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "- Interval kelas 36% - 51% : Rendah",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 189,
"width": 207,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "- Interval kelas 20% - 35%) : Sangat Rendah",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 361,
"top": 220,
"width": 145,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 232,
"width": 94,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Karakteristik Petani",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 245,
"width": 215,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Petani yang ada di Kalurahan Sumbersari merupakan anggota kelompok tani yang berusahatani pada komoditas padi sawah, adapun karakteristiknya diuraikan sebagai berikut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 308,
"width": 215,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Karakteristik Petani berdasarkan umur disajikan pada Tabel 1. Berdasarkan Tabel 1, diketahui bahwa 43% umur petani sudah memasuki usia lanjut (tidak produktif) dan 57% masih berusia produktif. Sedangkan yang berumur >64 tahun dianggap sudah tidak produktif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 409,
"width": 161,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Petani Berdasarkan Umur",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 332,
"top": 428,
"width": 198,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No Usia Jumlah Persentase (%) 1 <15 Tahun 0 0 2 15-64 Tahun 24 57 3 >64 Tahun 18 43 Jumlah Total 42 100 Sumber: Olahan Data Primer (2022 )",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 539,
"width": 215,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Karakteristik Petani berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan disajikan pada Tabel 2. Berdasarkan Tabel 2, diketahui bahwa sebagian besar petani (45%) lulusan SMA, dan masih ada yang berpendidikan SD sejumlah 2 orang (5%). Pendidikan adalah salah satu usaha untuk meningkatkan kualitas seseorang supaya memiliki kemampuan yang baik, pendidikan seseorang dapat mempengaruhi adopsi teknologi dalam berusahatani [4]. Petani yang berpendidikan tinggi cenderung memiliki pola pikir yang baik sehingga mudah untuk menerima dan mengadopsi berbagai inovasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 423,
"top": 45,
"width": 113,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Agrica Ekstensia",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 59,
"width": 445,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Info Artikel Received : 27 November 2022 Vol. 16 No.2 Tahun 2022 Revised : 23 Desember 2022 p-ISSN : 1978-5054 Accepted : 31 Desember 2022 e-ISSN : 2715-9493",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 777,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "69",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 100,
"width": 179,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2. Petani Berdasarkan Pendidikan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 119,
"width": 192,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No Jenjang Pendidikan Jumlah Persentase (%) 1 SD 2 5 2 SMP 8 19 3 SMA 19 45 4 Perguruan Tinggi 13 31 Jumlah Total 42 100",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 212,
"width": 134,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: Olahan Data Primer (2022)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 228,
"width": 218,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Karakteristik Petani berdasarkan luas lahan disajikan pada Tabel 3. Berdasarkan Tabel 3, diketahui bahwa sebanyak 28 petani (66,7%) petani memiliki luas lahan antara 1000 - 3000 m2, yang kurang dari 1000 m 2 ada 6 petani (14,3%). Luas lahan yang dimiliki petani memiliki pengaruh terhadap tingkat keefektifan dan efisiensi teknologi yang akan digunakan. Luas lahan berpengaruh pada produktivitas usahatani [5].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 373,
"width": 187,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 3. Petani Berdasarkan Luas Lahan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 392,
"width": 216,
"height": 181,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No Luas Lahan Jumlah Persentase (%) 1 < 1000 6 14,3 2 1000 – 3000 28 66,7 3 > 3000 8 19 Jumlah Total 42 100 Sumber: Olahan data primer (2022) Data penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa hanya 29% petani yang menerapkan pengendalian hama tikus menggunakan TBS. Sementara sekitar 71% petani menggunakan teknologi lainnya, atau bahkan tidak menggunakan teknologi apapun dalam pengendaliah hama tikus.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 595,
"width": 215,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perilaku Petani dalam Pengendalian Hama Tikus dengan Teknologi TBS",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 620,
"width": 215,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penyuluhan menjadi faktor yang penting dalam pengelolaan usahatani [6]. Penyuluh adalah mitra petani yang berusaha untuk mendampingi dan mengembangkan usahatani antara lain dengan penerapan teknologi baru. adopsi dalam penyuluhan pertanian dapat diartikan sebagai proses perubahan perilaku baik yang berupa pengetahuan, sikap, maupun keterampilan pada diri seseorang setelah menerima inovasi yang disampaikan penyuluh kepada sasarannya [7]. Penerimaan tidak hanya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 100,
"width": 215,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sekedar mengetahui tetapi meyakini dan melaksanakan dengan benar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 125,
"width": 218,
"height": 188,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penyuluhan terkait TBS sudah pernah dilakukan, namun belum banyak petani yang menerapkannya. Petani mengetahui keunggulan TBS, hal ini ditunjukkan dengan fakta di lapangan berupa petani memiliki pemahaman tentang pengendalian tikus dengan sistem pagar yang dipasang keliling sawah atau sistem TBS, namun masih belum menerapkannya. Penerapan teknologi tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan saja namun juga aspek karakteristik teknologi itu sendiri yang meliputi sifat/karakteristik inovasi, sifat/karakteristik calon pengguna, pengambilan keputusan, saluran komunikasi serta kualifikasi penyuluh lapangan sebagaimana penelitian [8].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 327,
"width": 56,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aspek Sikap",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 340,
"width": 216,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sikap merupakan prediktor yang paling penting dalam penerapan suatu perilaku, [9]. Sikap didefinisikan sebagai kecenderungan untuk bertindak secara suka atau tidak suka terhadap suatu objek. Dalam hal ini, merupakan kesediaan seseorang untuk menolak atau menerima berdasarkan penilaian terhadap objek itu apakah berarti atau tidak bagi dirinya [10]. Itulah sebabnya sikap berhubungan dengan pengetahuan dan perasaan terhadap objek.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 466,
"width": 216,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 5, diketahui bahwa sikap petani tentang penerapan TBS adalah mendukung penerapan TBS yakni sebesar 75%. Sikap menerima ini dimaknai bahwa petani mendukung adanya penerapan teknologi TBS. Namun, petani kurang menerima untuk aspek biaya (63%) yang digunakan untuk membuat TBS. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan fakta di lapangan masih rendahnya penggunaan TBS untuk mengendalikan tikus.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 593,
"width": 216,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sikap merupakan prediktor utama bagi perilaku (tindakan) sehari-hari manusia, meskipun terdapat faktor-faktor lain seperti lingkungan dan keyakinan seseorang. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terkadang sikap dapat menentukan tindakan seseorang namun terkadang sikap tidak mewujud menjadi tindakan. Pertimbangan atas dampak positif dan negatif suatu tindakan turut menentukan sikap seseorang apakah akan menjadi tindakan yang nyata atau tidak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 732,
"width": 215,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Theory of Reasoned Action [11] menyatakan diantara variabel sikap dan perilaku",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 423,
"top": 45,
"width": 113,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Agrica Ekstensia",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 59,
"width": 445,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Info Artikel Received : 27 November 2022 Vol. 16 No.2 Tahun 2022 Revised : 23 Desember 2022 p-ISSN : 1978-5054 Accepted : 31 Desember 2022 e-ISSN : 2715-9493",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 777,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "70",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 100,
"width": 216,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(tindakan) adalah variabel yang mengantarainya yaitu maksud (disposisi), seseorang yang akan melakukan suatu tindakan didasari oleh maksud tertentu. Teori ini menempatkan sikap di tempat yang sentral dalam kaitannya dengan tindakan manusia, seseorang yang yakin bahwa tindakan yang akan dilakukannya dapat menimbulkan dampak positif, maka ia akan bersikap cenderung melakukan tindakan tersebut dan demikian sebaliknya. Hal ini disebut keyakinan pribadi ( behavior belief) . Selain itu keyakinan kelompok (group belief) juga turut menentukan tindakan seseorang, jika orang tersebut yakin bahwa tindakannya itu akan disetujui oleh kelompoknya maka ia akan melakukannya. Sebaliknya, jika orang tersebut yakin bahwa tindakannya itu tidak akan didukung oleh kelompoknya maka ia tidak akan melakukannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 328,
"width": 215,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perilaku seseorang dilatarbelakangi oleh sikap yang ada pada orang yang bersangkutan, sikap individu biasanya konsisten satu dengan yang lain dan juga terwujudkan dalam tindakan, tetapi bagi petani sikap dan tindakan bisa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 100,
"width": 215,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "konsisten apabila inovasi yang diyakini memberikan manfaat dan keuntungan dengan biaya yang terjangkau, jika inovasi tersebut tidak memberikan manfaat maka sikapnya dapat berubah dengan menolak atau berpindah ke teknologi lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 176,
"width": 215,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada kajian ini, petani yang sudah menggunakan TBS akan memiliki pendapat yang berbeda dengan petani yang belum menggunakan TBS, bagi petani yang sudah menggunakan TBS mereka akan beranggapan bahwa walaupun biaya awal pemasangan TBS dinilai cukup mahal tapi hasilnya mampu menjaga tanaman padi dari serangan hama tikus dan mampu memberikan keuntungan secara berkelanjutan, namun bagi petani yang belum menggunakan TBS mereka akan beranggapan bahwa biaya diawal pemasangan TBS sudah cukup mahal sehingga tidak dapat memberikan mereka keuntungan dalam beberapa waktu musim tanam sehingga mereka lebih memilih mencari dan mencoba cara yang lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 404,
"width": 184,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 5. Kajian Aspek Sikap Responden",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 423,
"width": 401,
"height": 239,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kode Indikator Persentase (%) Skor Keterangan S1 Petani menerima penggunaan TBS 76 3,8 menerima S2 Petani berpartisipasi dalam mempraktekkan TBS 80 4,0 menerima S3 Petani setuju dengan biaya dalam penggunaan TBS 63 3,2 Kurang menerima S4 Petani meyakini TBS lebih efektif daripada teknologi PHT lainnya 79 3,9 menerima S5 Petani yakin berhasil dengan menggunakan TBS 79 4,0 menerima Rata-rata 75 3,8 Menerima Sumber: Olahan data primer (2022) Aspek Keterampilan Keterampilan atau kompetensi yang dimiliki petani bisa mengendalikan perilakunya. Penerapan TBS sangat terkait dengan kemampuan dan keterampilan petani dalam membuat TBS, mengoperasikannya dan mengevaluasi efektivitasnya.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 664,
"width": 215,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 6, diketahui bahwa tingkat keterampilan petani terkait penerapan TBS adalah 59% (tergolong kurang terampil) dengan skor terendah pada kemampuannya dalam membuat TBS (57%). Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan fakta di lapangan berupa beberapa petani yang sudah menggunakan TBS tidak tepat dalam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 576,
"width": 215,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pemasangannya (pemasangan ajir yang terbalik, tidak ada parit dan perangkap).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 601,
"width": 215,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kompetensi merupakan karakteristik dasar perilaku individu yang berhubungan dengan kriteria acuan efektif atau kinerja unggul atau sudah sangat terampil dalam pekerjaan atau situasi, dengan kata lain kompetensi merupakan landasan dasar karakteristik seseorang dan mengidentifikasikan cara berperilaku atau berpikir seseorang, menyamakan situasi, dan mendukung untuk periode waktu yang cukup lama (dalam kajian ini berupa digunakannya teknologi TBS dalam jangka waktu yang lama).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 423,
"top": 45,
"width": 113,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Agrica Ekstensia",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 59,
"width": 445,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Info Artikel Received : 27 November 2022 Vol. 16 No.2 Tahun 2022 Revised : 23 Desember 2022 p-ISSN : 1978-5054 Accepted : 31 Desember 2022 e-ISSN : 2715-9493",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 777,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "71",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 100,
"width": 216,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 6. Kajian Aspek Keterampilan Responden",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 119,
"width": 429,
"height": 164,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kode Indikator Persentase (%) Skor Ket K1 Petani mampu membedakan TBS dengan teknologi lainnya 57 2,8 kurang terampil K2 Petani mampu mempersiapkan berbagai kebutuhan pembuatan TBS 61 3,0 kurang terampil K3 Petani mampu mencoba membuat TBS 61 3,1 kurang terampil K4 Petani mampu membuat TBS dengan benar 59 3,0 kurang terampil K5 Petani mampu membuat TBS 52 2,6 kurang terampil K6 Petani mampu mengadaptasikan TBS kondisi lapangan 62 3,1 kurang terampil K7 Petani mampu mengefektifkan penggunaan TBS 60 3,0 kurang terampil Rata-rata 59 2,9 kurang terampil Sumber: Analisis Data Primer (2022)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 309,
"width": 77,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 322,
"width": 215,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perilaku petani dalam pengendalian hama tikus dengan metode TBS di Kalurahan Sumbersari dengan hasil pengukuran pada aspek pengetahuan belum optimal, pada aspek sikap sudah optimal, dan pada aspek keterampilan masih perlu dioptimalkan. Hal yang perlu ditingkatkan pada aspek pengetahuan dalam memahami karakteristik TBS, pada aspek sikap adalah biaya yang relatif tinggi, dan pada aspek keterampilan adalah kemampuan untuk membedakan dengan teknik lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 461,
"width": 215,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemberdayaan oleh penyuluh untuk",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 474,
"width": 216,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "meningkatkan keterampilan petani dalam penerapan metode TBS sangat diharapkan agar pengendalian hama tikus dengan metode TBS dapat dilaksanakan dengan efektif untuk mengendalikan hama tikus pada tanaman padi sawah di Kabupaten Sleman.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 125,
"top": 568,
"width": 135,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 580,
"width": 201,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Terima kasih kepada Politeknik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 593,
"width": 215,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembangunan Pertanian Yogyakarta Magelang yang telah mendukung penelitian ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 141,
"top": 636,
"width": 104,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 649,
"width": 219,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[1]. Badan Pusat Statistik DIY, Bappeda DIY.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 661,
"width": 188,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2020. Analisis Produk Domestik Regional",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 674,
"width": 187,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bruto Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Tahun 2015-2019 . Yogyakarta. BPS DIY",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 699,
"width": 219,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[2]. Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Sleman. Kabupaten Sleman dalam Angka 2020 . 2020. Sleman. BPS Sleman.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 737,
"width": 220,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[3]. Sekarweni, HW, Herlinda S. 2019.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 750,
"width": 187,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Application of Trap Barrier System",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 354,
"top": 309,
"width": 187,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "combined with cage trap for controlling rats in rice field Hastin. Biovalentia. Vol. 5 (1) :1–7",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 322,
"top": 347,
"width": 219,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[4]. Nurlaela, S, Bihrajihant Raya, A, Hariadi,SS.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 354,
"top": 360,
"width": 188,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2022. Information Technology Utilization Of Young Educated Farmers In Agricultural Entrepreneurship. Agro Ekon. Vol. 33 (1)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 322,
"top": 410,
"width": 219,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[5]. Andrias, AA, Darusman, Y, Rahman, M. 2017. Pengaruh Luas Lahan Terhadap Produksi Dan Pendapatan Usahatani Padi Sawah. J Ilm Mhs AGROINFO GALUH . Vol. 4 (1) : 521–9",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 322,
"top": 474,
"width": 219,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[6]. Mardikanto,T. 2009. Sistem Penyuluhan Pertanian . Surakarta. Sebelas Maret University Press. University Surakarta press [7]. Rivera, WM, Sulaiman, VR. 2009.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 322,
"top": 537,
"width": 220,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Extension: Object of reform, engine for innovation . Outlook Agric [8]. Warman, A. 2017. Pengaruh Tingkat Adopsi Inovasi Terhadap Tingkat Pendapatan Usahatani Dan Pendapatan Total Petani Transmigran Lokal (Suatu Kasus di Wilayah Transmigrasi Umum Sabung SP 1 Kabupaten Sambas Provinsi Kalimantan Barat). Mimb AGRIBISNIS J Pemikir Masy Ilm Berwawasan Agribisnis. Vol. 1 (1) :7",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 322,
"top": 676,
"width": 219,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[9]. Yunandar, DT, Hariadi, SS, Raya, AB. 2019. Students’ attitude towards agricultural entrepreneurship in selected vocational colleges in Indonesia. J Agric Ext. Vol. 23",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 354,
"top": 727,
"width": 35,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(2):147",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 322,
"top": 739,
"width": 219,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[10]. Darmawan, D, Fadjarajani, S. 2016.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 423,
"top": 45,
"width": 113,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Agrica Ekstensia",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 59,
"width": 445,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Info Artikel Received : 27 November 2022 Vol. 16 No.2 Tahun 2022 Revised : 23 Desember 2022 p-ISSN : 1978-5054 Accepted : 31 Desember 2022 e-ISSN : 2715-9493",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 777,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "72",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 100,
"width": 187,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap pelestarian lingkungan dengan perilaku wisatawan dalam menjaga kebersihan lingkungan. J Geogr. Vol. 4 (1):37–49",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 151,
"width": 219,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[11]. Fishbein, M, and Ajzen, I. 1975. Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research, Reading, MA : Addison.Wesley",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
7f13ea10-3e97-21f5-a517-68cc920ea3bd | https://publikasi.mercubuana.ac.id/index.php/jrs/article/download/1948/1369 | [
{
"left": 85,
"top": 35,
"width": 224,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 5 No.2 September 2016. Pp 99-110",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 468,
"top": 35,
"width": 68,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2252-7699",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 792,
"width": 11,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "99",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 80,
"width": 429,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MATURITAS ENTERPRISE RISK MANAGEMENT (ERM) KONTRAKTOR BESAR DI INDONESIA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 158,
"width": 211,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andreas Kurniawan 1 dan Andreas Wibowo 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 294,
"top": 200,
"width": 35,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 227,
"width": 456,
"height": 193,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebesar 85 persen nilai pasar konstruksi dikuasai oleh kontraktor besar yang hanya 5 persen dari total 160.000 badan usaha. Tingginya nilai pasar konstruksi yang dikuasai oleh kontraktor besar tersebut identik dengan banyaknya kegiatan, tingginya tingkat kesulitan, dan berbagai ketidakpastian. Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) adalah salah satu pendekatan holistik dalam mengidentifikasi risiko perusahaan yang mungkin dihadapi dan menentukan respon yang tepat sesuai dengan risk appetite perusahaan. Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) ISO 31000:2011 tentang manajemen risiko, merupakan panduan yang resmi dalam proses pelaksanaan manajemen risiko. Selain itu, beberapa perusahaan kontraktor juga menerapkan sistem manajemen mutu dengan baik yang ditandai dengan sertifikasi ISO 9001. Penelitian ini bertujuan mencari faktor-fakor yang mempengaruhi maturitas ERM kontraktor besar di Indonesia berdasarkan implementasi ISO 31000:2011, sertifikasi ISO 9001, klasifikasi perusahaan, dan pengalaman perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara perusahaan yang mengadopsi kerangka manajemen risiko ISO 31000:2011 dengan perusahaan yang tidak mengadopsi kerangka manajemen risiko ISO 31000:2011. Perusahaan yang mengadopsi kerangka manajemen risiko ISO 31000:2011 memiliki tingkat kematangan manajemen risiko yang lebih baik daripada perusahaan yang tidak mengadopsi kerangka manajemen risiko ISO 31000:2011. Faktor pengalaman perusahaan juga menentukan tingkat maturitas ERM perusahaan. Perusahaan dengan pengalaman lebih banyak terbukti memiliki tingkat maturitas ERM yang lebih matang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 437,
"width": 324,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords : Enterprise Risk Management; konstruksi; kontraktor; ISO; Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 466,
"width": 95,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "I. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 490,
"width": 213,
"height": 195,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bisnis konstruksi merupakan salah satu usaha yang berisiko dan biasanya melibatkan risiko yang kompleks dan beragam (Zhao et al., 2013) [1]. Risiko adalah bagian penting dari bisnis karena perusahaan tidak dapat beroperasi tanpa mengambil risiko (Fadun, 2013) [2]. Manajemen risiko di perusahaan konstruksi harus mencakup tidak hanya risiko proyek, tetapi juga risiko yang dihadapi sebagai perusahaan bisnis (Schaufelberger, 2009) [3]. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, telah terjadi pergeseran paradigma terkait cara perusahaan memandang manajemen risiko dan tren tersebut mulai bergerak menuju pandangan holistik manajemen risiko. Enterprise Risk Management adalah salah satu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 696,
"width": 210,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Mahasiswa Program Studi Magister Teknik Sipil, Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Katolik Parahyangan Bandung. Pos-el: [email protected].. 2. Staf Pengajar Program Studi Teknik Sipil, Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Katolik Parahyangan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 768,
"width": 171,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bandung,. Pos-el: [email protected].",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 466,
"width": 210,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pendekatan yang jauh melampaui pandangan risiko berbasis silo (Gordon et al., 2009) [4]. Ini adalah pendekatan holistik dalam mengidentifikasi risiko perusahaan yang mungkin dialami dan menentukan respon yang tepat dan sesuai dengan risk appetite perusahaan (Zhao et al., 2013) [1].",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 562,
"width": 210,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Hillson (1997) [5], untuk mengetahui, menetapkan, dan meningkatkan proses pelaksanaan manajemen risiko pada suatu organisasi diperlukan suatu proses pengukuran tingkat kematangan ( maturity assessment ). Lanjutnya, kematangan manajemen risiko organisasi menggambarkan tingkat pemahaman akan risiko, sejauh mana kemampuan organisasi dalam menangani risiko dan bagaimana implementasi prosesnya. Semakin tinggi level kematangan manajemen risiko proyek maka semakin tinggi kinerja perusahaan (Wijaya, 2013) [6]. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa organisasi yang meningkatkan maturitas manajemen proyek mengalami penghematan biaya, peningkatan kepastian jadwal pekerjaan dan peningkatan kualitas (Korbel et al., 2007) [7].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 417,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andreas Kurniawan & Andreas Wibowo/ Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Maturitas Enterprise Risk Management (Erm) Kontraktor Besar Di Indonesia/Pp 99-110",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 792,
"width": 17,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "100",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 71,
"width": 210,
"height": 638,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BSN (Badan Standarisasi Nasional) Indonesia sudah mengeluarkan SNI ISO 31000 Standar Manajemen Risiko di kuartal II tahun 2012. SNI ISO 31000:2011 ini diambil sepenuhnya dari ISO 31000: Risk Management Standard yang dikeluarkan di akhir tahun 2009 oleh Organisasi Internasional untuk Standardisasi atau ISO (International Organization for Standardization) (CRMS Indonesia, 2013) [8]. ISO 31000 berisi kerangka kerja sebagai pedoman dalam implementasi manajemen risiko yang efektif. Setelah diterbitkannya Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) ISO 31000:2011 tentang Manajemen Risiko, seluruh organisasi termasuk badan usaha jasa konstruksi seharusnya telah memiliki panduan yang resmi dalam proses pelaksanaan manajemen risiko di Indonesia (Taufik, 2015) [9]. Namun saat ini, belum banyak perusahaan konstruksi di Indonesia yang mengikuti pedoman SNI tentang Manajemen Risiko tersebut. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dari implementasi standar manajemen risiko SNI ISO 31000:2011 pada perusahaan konstruksi terhadap maturitas enterprise risk management . Selain implementasi SNI ISO 31000:2011, beberapa perusahaan konstruksi juga memperlengkapi perusahaannya dengan berbagai sertifikasi yang dibutuhkan untuk memenangkan tender. Salah satu sertifikasi perusahaan yang banyak disyaratkan untuk tender adalah sertifikasi ISO 9001. ISO 9001 merupakan sebuah standar internasional untuk sistem manajemen mutu. Sertifikasi ISO 9001 pada perusahaan menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan tersebut telah memenuhi persyaratan standar internasional dalam hal manajemen penjaminan mutu untuk produk atau jasa yang dihasilkannya. Saat ini terdapat 2 sertifikasi ISO 9001 yang masih berlaku di beberapa perusahaan yaitu ISO 9001:2008 dan yang terbaru adalah ISO 9001:2015. Salah satu perubahan dalam ISO 9001:2015 adalah risiko kini ditangani dan dibangun dalam keseluruhan sistem manajemen yang ditandai dengan persyaratan eksplisit mengenai Risk Based Thinking (Pemikiran Berbasis Risiko) untuk mendukung serta meningkatkan pemahaman dan penerapan pendekatan proses (ISOCENTER INDONESIA, 2016) [10].",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 707,
"width": 210,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Namun saat ini, belum banyak perusahaan yang meningkatkan sertifikasi ISO 9001 dari ISO 9001:2008 menjadi ISO 9001:2015 bahkan beberapa perusahaan konstruksi masih belum memiliki ISO 9001. Maka dari itu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 71,
"width": 210,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan perusahaan dengan sertifikasi ISO 9001 terhadap maturitas enterprise risk management .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 131,
"width": 210,
"height": 242,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selain adopsi kerangka manajemen risiko ISO 31000 dan sertifikasi ISO 9001, penelitian ini juga ingin mengetahui hubungan klasifikasi badan usaha, pengalaman perusahaan, dan bentuk badan usaha terhadap maturitas ERM. Seperti kita ketahui bahwa semakin besar proyek yang dihadapi suatu perusahaan maka risiko yang dihadapi perusahaan tersebut semakin tinggi sehingga tingkat kewaspadaan perusahaan terhadap risiko seharusnya semakin tinggi pula. Hal tersebut sejalan dengan tingkat maturitas perusahaan yang semakin tinggi jika klasifikasi perusahaan tersebut semakin besar. Begitu juga dengan pengalaman perusahaan. Suatu perusahaan yang berpengalaman seharusnya memiliki tingkat maturitas yang tinggi karena pengalaman dapat menuntun perusahaan tersebut untuk melaksanakan manajemen risiko perusahaan dengan lebih baik lagi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 383,
"width": 210,
"height": 266,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Rahman (2015) [11] pasar konstruksi nasional masih dikuasai oleh kontraktor besar. Sebanyak 85 persen nilai pasar konstruksi dikuasai oleh kontraktor besar yang hanya 5 persen dari total 160.000 badan usaha. Sementara itu sisanya, sebesar 15 persen nilai pasar konstruksi diperebutkan oleh Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM) konstruksi dengan jumlah 95 persen dari sekitar 160.000 badan usaha yang ada. Karena begitu besarnya peran kontraktor besar terhadap nilai pasar konstruksi, maka objek penelitian ini akan difokuskan pada perusahaan kontraktor besar di Indonesia. Sesuai dengan Peraturan Lembaga Pengembangan Jasa Konstruksi Nasional No 10 Tahun 2013 [12], kualifikasi badan usaha jasa pelaksana konstruksi di Indonesia terdiri dari usaha orang perorangan, usaha kecil (K1, K2, dan K3), usaha menengah (M1 dan M2), dan usaha besar (B1 dan B2). Objek utama penelitian ini adalah perusahaan kontraktor besar dengan klasifikasi B1 dan B2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 659,
"width": 210,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk mengukur maturitas ERM kontraktor besar di Indonesia maka dibutuhkan suatu model maturitas ERM. Banyak penelitian yang meneliti model maturitas ERM namun hanya beberapa saja dari model tersebut yang dapat digunakan untuk perusahaan konstruksi (Kurniawan, 2016) [13]. Salah satu model maturitas ERM yang diperuntukan untuk perusahaan konstruksi adalah model maturitas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 417,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andreas Kurniawan & Andreas Wibowo/ Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Maturitas Enterprise Risk Management (Erm) Kontraktor Besar Di Indonesia/Pp 99-110",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 792,
"width": 17,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "101",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 71,
"width": 210,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ERM Zhao et al. (2013). Model tersebut telah digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat maturitas perusahaan konstruksi China yang beroperasi di Singapura. Karena model tersebut sudah pernah digunakan dan terbukti keandalannya dapat mengukur maturitas ERM perusahaan konstruksi, maka penelitian ini pun mengadopsi model yang dikembangkan Zhao et al. (2013). Model maturitas ERM Zhao et al.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 71,
"width": 210,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(2013) [1] menggunakan kuesioner dengan 5 skala likert dimana 1 merupakan skala dengan tingkat implementasi paling rendah dan 5 adalah skala dengan tingkat implementasi paling tinggi. Model tersebut terdiri dari 16 kriteria dan 66 subkriteria. Kriteria model maturitas ERM Zhao et al. (2013) dapat dilihat pada Tabel 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 191,
"width": 318,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Kriteria model maturitas ERM Zhao et al. (sumber: Zhao et al.)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 171,
"top": 219,
"width": 261,
"height": 233,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No Kriteria model ERM 1 Komitmen dari dewan dan manajemen senior 2 Kepemilikan ERM 3 Risk appetite and tolerance 4 Risk-aware culture 5 Sumber daya 6 Identifikasi, analisis, dan respon risiko 7 Langkah proses ERM yang berulang dan dinamis 8 Memanfaatkan risiko sebagai peluang 9 Risk communication 10 Bahasa risiko umum 11 Sistem Informasi Manajemen Risiko 12 Program pelatihan 13 Formalized key risk indicators (KRIs) 14 Integrasi ERM ke dalam proses bisnis 15 Pengaturan tujuan 16 Monitoring, review, dan perbaikan kerangka ERM",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 491,
"width": 163,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "II. PENELITIAN SEBELUMNYA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 517,
"width": 212,
"height": 231,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Beberapa penelitian terkait model maturitas ERM telah dilakukan seperti penelitian oleh Ciorciari & Blattner (2008) [14] yang mengembangkan sebuah model matritas ERM pada salah satu bank swasta ternama di Swiss. Tujuan dari penelitian tersebut adalah untuk menyusun suatu pendekatan holistik dalam melakukan penilaian tingkat maturitas ERM dalam sebuah organisasi, dengan mengikuti prinsip-prinsip ERM dari COSO (2004). Pendekatan dilakukan dengan membuat suatu aplikasi yang bernama EnteR, di mana pengukuran tingkat maturitas dapat dilakukan secara otomatis dan praktis. Pengukuran dilakukan terhadap delapan komponen ERM COSO. Model terdiri dari 8 kriteria, yang selanjutnya dijabarkan dalam 123 elemen. Tingkat maturitas yang digunakan yaitu : very weak, poor, mid, good, optimized .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 491,
"width": 209,
"height": 266,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian lainnya dilakukan oleh Zou et al. (2010) [15] melakukan studi yang mengembangkan sebuah model yang dapat dipergunakan mengukur tingkat maturitas manajemen risiko di organisasi konstruksi di Australia, sekaligus melakukan proses pengukuran berbasis Web. Model yang diberi nama RM3 ini terdiri atas lima atribut kriteria yaitu : management , risk culture , ability to identify risk , ability to analyze risk , dan application of standarized risk management process/system . Atribut tersebut diukur ke dalam empat tingkat, yaitu : initial , repeated , managed , dan optimizes . Zhao et al. (2013) [1] melakukan penelitian mengenai implementasi Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) pada Chinese Construction Firms (CCFs) yang beroperasi di Singapura. Tujuan dari penelitian tersebut adalah untuk mengidentifikasi praktik ERM dan kriteria maturitas ERM di perusahaan China dan mengembangkan model maturitas ERM untuk CCFs.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 417,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andreas Kurniawan & Andreas Wibowo/ Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Maturitas Enterprise Risk Management (Erm) Kontraktor Besar Di Indonesia/Pp 99-110",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 792,
"width": 17,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "102",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 71,
"width": 209,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selain itu, penelitian terkait ISO 9001 juga telah dilakukan seperti penelitian oleh Andrianto (2015) [16] yang meneliti penerapan ISO 9001:2008 pada perusahaan kontraktor yang memiliki proyek di Bandung. Tujuan dari penelitian tersebut adalah untuk mengkaji tingkat penerapan ISO 9001:2008 pada proyek-proyek gedung di Kota Bandung.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 167,
"width": 209,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil kajiannya menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata proyek yang dikerjakan oleh kontraktor yang bersertifikat ISO 9001:2008 sudah menerapkan ISO dengan predikat sangat baik (84,38%). Irfan (2012) juga melakukan penelitian terkait sistem manajemen mutu pelaksanaan proyek pemerintah dikaitkan dengan prinsip ISO 9001:2008. Hasil penelitiannya menunjukkan bahwa tingkat penerapan SMM pada pelaksanaan proyek pemerintah jika dikaitkan dengan prinsip ISO 9001 masih berada pada kategori sedang atau rendah.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 335,
"width": 209,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian lainnya terkait penerapan manajemen risiko berdasarkan ISO 31000 telah dilakukan oleh Riadi (2015) [17]. Penelitiannya bertujuan untuk menilai maturitas penerapan manajemen risiko berdasarkan ISO 31000 dengan studi kasus di PT XYZ. Model maturitas yang digunakan untuk menilai kinerja berdasarkan ISO 31000:2009. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PT XYZ menerapkan ERM pada tingkat yang terstandardisasi yang berarti manajemen risiko mulai melekat pada aktivitas bisnis organisasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 504,
"width": 169,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "III. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 530,
"width": 209,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penilaian maturitas ERM melibatkan banyak kriteria, maka beberapa analisis multi kriteria yang dapat digunakan diantaranya: Analitic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), Fuzzy Set Theory (FST), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), dan Genetic Algorithm (GA). Namun pada penelitian ini akan digunakan metoda Fuzzy Set Theory (FST) karena dianggap paling cocok dan memiliki keunggulan dapat menangani informasi yang tidak jelas, tidak presisi, ambigu dan dapat menggunakan bahasa alami juga linguistik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 698,
"width": 95,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.1 Fuzzy Set Theory",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 710,
"width": 209,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fuzzy Set Theory pertama kali dipublikasikan oleh Zadeh (1965) dan Goguen (1967)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 71,
"width": 209,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "merupakan sebuah metode yang dapat mengakomodasi permasalahan ambiguitas dan ketidak-akuratan penilaian manusia serta dapat mengkuantifikasi data linguistik yang tersedia untuk pengambilan keputusan individu atau kelompok (Ross, 2010) [18]. Himpunan Fuzzy dari à di dalam X dapat dianotasikan sebagai himpunan pasangan (Zhao et al, 2013) [1]:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 179,
"width": 207,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(1) dengan merupakan fungsi keanggotaan atau tingkat keanggotaan, menunjukkan kelas atau tingkatan sejauh mana setiap elemen x di X merupakan milik set Fuzzy à dan berkisar pada interval [0,1]",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 275,
"width": 209,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Model ini mengadopsi skala lima yang memudahkan pengguna untuk menilai (Zhao et al., 2013) [1]. Nilai-nilai linguistik dari variabel ini seperti: sangat rendah, rendah, sedang, tinggi, dan sangat tinggi ditransformasi menjadi Triangular Fuzzy Number (TFN). Penelitian ini menggunakan 50% sebagai tingkat di mana masing-masing daerah segitiga tumpang-tindih wilayah tetangganya seperti pada Gambar 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 527,
"width": 180,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1. Fungsi keanggotaan dari nilai linguistik (Sumber: Zhao et al.)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 562,
"width": 208,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Input data dari model adalah tingkat implementasi dari praktik ERM yang dinilai oleh responden. Tingkat implementasi dapat dihitung menggunakan persamaan (Zhao et al, 2013) [1]:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 637,
"width": 209,
"height": 79,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(2) dengan adalah TFN dari tingkat penerapan praktik terbaik p atas kriteria i; k adalah jumlah individu yang mengikuti penilaian tingkat implementasi;",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 436,
"top": 702,
"width": 72,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "adalah TFN dari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 734,
"width": 452,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "tingkat implementasi praktik p atas kriteria i yang dinilai oleh individu j; dan l ip1 , l ip2 , dan l ip3 masing-masing mewakili batas bawah, tingkat keanggotaan terkuat, dan batas atas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 417,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andreas Kurniawan & Andreas Wibowo/ Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Maturitas Enterprise Risk Management (Erm) Kontraktor Besar Di Indonesia/Pp 99-110",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 792,
"width": 17,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "103",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 71,
"width": 208,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bobot untuk setiap kriteria i dapat dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan (Zhao et al, 2013) [1]:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 119,
"width": 208,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(3) dengan W i adalah bobot untuk kriteria i dan dan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 157,
"width": 209,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "; MS i adalah mean score dari kriteria i; dan n adalah jumlah dari kriteria.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 193,
"width": 209,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tingkat implementasi dari masing- masing kriteria maturitas diukur dengan rata- rata tingkat penerapan dari setiap praktik berdasarkan kriteria (Zhao et al, 2013) [1]:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 263,
"top": 253,
"width": 13,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(4)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 277,
"width": 209,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dengan adalah TFN dari tingkat implementasi i; u adalah jumlah dari praktik dibawah kriteria i; l i1 , l i2 , dan l i3 menunjukkan batas bawah, derajat keanggotaan terkuat, dan batas atas dari . Dengan demikian, Ḿ dapat dihitung (Zhao et al, 2013) [1]:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 270,
"top": 361,
"width": 13,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(5)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 397,
"width": 13,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(6)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 421,
"width": 203,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dengan m 1 , m 2 , dan m 3 menunjukkan batas bawah, derajat keanggotaan terkuat, dan batas atas dari Ḿ.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 481,
"width": 86,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.2 Defuzzification",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 505,
"width": 208,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Merupakan suatu metode untuk mengubah set fuzzy menjadi bilangan “crisp”. Terdapat beberapa metode defuzzification seperti",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 71,
"width": 209,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "contohnya max-membership principle, centroid method, weighted average method, dan mean-max membership (Chou dan Chang 2008 [19]; Negnevitsky 2006 [20] ; Ross 2010 [18]). The centroid method diadaptasi dalam penelitian ini karena metoda ini mentransformasi fuzzy number dari tingkat maturitas menjadi “ crips value ” dan juga merupakan metoda yang banyak digunakan (Cox, 1998) [21].",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 203,
"width": 208,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Titik pusat gravitasi (Center of gravity (COG)) dari himpunan fuzzy (Negnevitsky, 2006) [20]:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 453,
"top": 260,
"width": 13,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(7)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 295,
"width": 209,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Crisp number dari tingkat maturitas (ERM Maturity Index (ERMMI) dapat dihitung melalui persamaan (Zhao et al, 2013) [1]:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 341,
"top": 343,
"width": 157,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ERMMI = 1/3 x (m 1 +m 2 +m 3 ) (8)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 381,
"width": 181,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "IV. HASIL ANALISIS DAN DISKUSI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 407,
"width": 453,
"height": 357,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tingkat maturitas dari suatu perusahaan dihitung berdasarkan 16 kriteria model Zhao et al. (2013) dengan menggunakan persamaan 2 sampai 8. Langkah pertama adalah dengan mengubah skala likert dari hasil kuesioner menjadi bentuk fuzzy berdasarkan fungsi keanggotaan pada Gambar 1, sehingga untuk proses perhitungan selanjutnya dilakukan dalam bentuk fuzzy. Langkah selanjutnya adalah dengan mencari nilai dari . Kuesioner juga menyertakan pembobotan sehingga analisa pembobotan masing-masing kriteria dapat dihitung menggunakan persamaan 3. kemudian dapat dihitung dan nilai dari Ḿ dapat diperoleh. Nilai Ḿ untuk masing-masing perusahaan masih dalam bentuk fuzzy sehingga dibutuhkan proses defuzzification agar nilai maturitas ERM menjadi bilangan “crisp” yang dapat diinterpretasikan. Dengan menggunakan persamaan 8 maka nilai ERMMI masing- masing perusahaan dapat diperoleh seperti dapat dilihat pada Tabel 2. Tabel 2. Hasil kuesioner dan ERMMI (sumber: hasil olahan) Responden ERMMI Adopsi ISO 31000 Sertifikasi ISO 9001 Klasifikasi Badan Usaha Tahun Berdirinya Perusahaan R1 0,416 Tidak ISO 9001- 2008 B2 1997 R2 0,436 Tidak ISO 9001- 2015 B1 1974",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 417,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andreas Kurniawan & Andreas Wibowo/ Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Maturitas Enterprise Risk Management (Erm) Kontraktor Besar Di Indonesia/Pp 99-110",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 792,
"width": 17,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "104",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 71,
"width": 370,
"height": 689,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Responden ERMMI Adopsi ISO 31000 Sertifikasi ISO 9001 Klasifikasi Badan Usaha Tahun Berdirinya Perusahaan R3 0,379 Tidak ISO 9001- 2008 B1 1994 R4 0,678 Ya ISO 9001- 2015 B1 1997 R5 0,659 Ya ISO 9001- 2015 B1 1974 R6 0,542 Tidak ISO 9001- 2008 B1 1971 R7 0,794 Tidak ISO 9001- 2008 B1 1979 R8 0,762 Ya ISO 9001- 2015 B1 1984 R9 0,664 Tidak ISO 9001- 2008 B1 1996 R10 0,651 Ya ISO 9001- 2015 B2 2003 R11 0,755 Tidak ISO 9001- 2008 B1 2006 R12 0,692 Ya ISO 9001- 2015 B2 2010 R13 0,564 Tidak Tidak B1 1986 R14 0,733 Ya ISO 9001- 2015 B2 1974 R15 0,564 Tidak Tidak B1 2006 R16 0,492 Ya ISO 9001- 2008 B1 2003 R17 0,619 Ya ISO 9001- 2015 B1 1972 R18 0,778 Ya ISO 9001- 2015 B2 1975 R19 0,574 Tidak Tidak B1 1991 R20 0,811 Ya ISO 9001- 2015 B2 1973 R21 0,815 Ya ISO 9001- 2015 B2 1970 R22 0,736 Tidak ISO 9001- 2015 B1 1982 R23 0,641 Ya ISO 9001- 2015 B2 1988 R24 0,437 Tidak ISO 9001- 2008 B1 1996 R25 0,730 Tidak ISO 9001- 2008 B1 1982 R26 0,782 Ya ISO 9001- 2015 B2 1973 R27 0,745 Ya ISO 9001- 2008 B1 1981 R28 0,655 Ya ISO 9001- 2015 B1 1982 R29 0,797 Ya ISO 9001- 2015 B2 1982 R30 0,782 Ya ISO 9001- 2015 B1 1990",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 417,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andreas Kurniawan & Andreas Wibowo/ Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Maturitas Enterprise Risk Management (Erm) Kontraktor Besar Di Indonesia/Pp 99-110",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 792,
"width": 17,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "105",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 96,
"width": 208,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.1 Pengaruh Adopsi ISO 31000:2011 Terhadap Tingkat Maturitas ERM",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 132,
"width": 209,
"height": 134,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebanyak 30 perusahaan kontraktor dengan klasifikasi besar terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Dari 30 perusahaan kontraktor tersebut, sebanyak 17 perusahaan mengadopsi kerangka manajemen risiko ISO 31000:2011, sedangkan sisanya sebanyak 13 perusahaan tidak mengadopsi kerangka manajemen risiko ISO 31000. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan yang mengadopsi ISO 31000:2011 memiliki rata-rata nilai ERMMI sebesar 0,71 sedangkan perusahaan yang tidak mengadopsi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 96,
"width": 209,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISO 31000 memiliki rata-rata nilai ERMMI sebesar 0,58. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan yang mengadopsi ISO 31000:2011 memiliki tingkat maturitas ERM yang lebih baik daripada perusahaan yang tidak mengadopsi ISO 31000:2011. Namun begitu, perlu dilakukan uji beda untuk memastikan bahwa terdapat perbedaan nilai yang signifikan secara statistik antara nilai ERMMI perusahaan yang mengadopsi ISO 31000:2011 dengan perusahaan yang tidak mengadopsi ISO 31000:2011. Hasil statistik deskriptif pengaruh adopsi ISO 31000 dapat dilihat pada Tabel 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 290,
"width": 418,
"height": 256,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 3. Gambaran deskriptif variabel (sumber: hasil olahan) Keterangan N Minimum Maksimum Mean Std. Deviation Adopsi ISO 31000:2011 17 0,492 0,815 0,711 0,086 Tidak Adopsi ISO 31000 13 0,379 0,794 0,584 0,142 Untuk menentukan jenis uji beda yang akan digunakan, maka terlebih dahulu dilakukan uji normalitas dan homogenitas. Uji normalitas pada analisis ini menggunakan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan Shapiro-Wilk. Hasil uji Kolmogorov-smirnov dan Shapiro-wilk menunjukkan bahwa data tersebut berdistribusi normal yang ditunjukan dengan nilai signifikansi > 0,05. Namun uji Levene test menunjukkan bahwa data tersebut tidak homogen dengan nilai signifikansi < 0,05. Maka uji beda 2 variabel dilakukan dengan uji Mann Whitney (non-parametrik). Berikut adalah hipotesa yang dibangun dalam melakukan uji Mann Whitney:",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 544,
"width": 205,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Ho: Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan nilai ERMMI perusahaan yang mengadopsi ISO 31000:2011 dengan perusahaan yang tidak mengadopsi ISO 31000:2011 Ha: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan nilai ERMMI perusahaan yang mengadopsi ISO 31000:2011 dengan perusahaan yang tidak mengadopsi ISO 31000:2011",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 677,
"width": 209,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa nilai asymp.Sig sebesar 0,013 < 0,05 maka sesuai dengan dasar pengambilan keputusan dalam uji Mann Whitney dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ho ditolak. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan nilai ERMMI perusahaan yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 365,
"width": 209,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mengadopsi kerangka manajemen risiko ISO 31000:2011 dengan perusahaan yang tidak mengadopsi ISO 31000. Secara garis besar dapat disimpulkan bahwa nilai rata-rata ERMMI perusahaan yang mengadopsi kerangka manajemen risiko ISO 31000:2011 memiliki nilai yang lebih besar (0,71 dari skala 0-1) daripada perusahaan yang tidak mengadopsi kerangka manajemen risiko ISO",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 478,
"width": 184,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "31000:2011 (0,58, lihat kembali Tabel 3).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 514,
"width": 208,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.2 Pengaruh Sertifikasi ISO 9001 Terhadap Tingkat Maturitas ERM",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 550,
"width": 209,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari 30 perusahaan kontraktor besar yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini, sebanyak 27 perusahaan bersertifikat ISO 9001 yang terdiri dari 10 perusahaan bersertifikat ISO 9001- 2008 dan 17 perusahaan bersertifikat ISO 9001-2015 sedangkan 3 perusahaan tidak bersertifikat ISO 9001. Nilai rata-rata ERMMI perusahaan dengan sertifikasi ISO 9001:2015, ISO 9001:2008, dan tidak tersertifikasi ISO 9001 dapat dilihat pada Tabel 4. Nilai tersebut memiliki tren menurun sejalan dengan sertifikasi ISO 9001 yang lama dan yang tidak tersertifikasi ISO 9001. Namun karena jumlah perusahaan yang tidak tersertifikasi ISO 9001 hanya berjumlah 3 perusahaan, maka analisis pada sub-bab ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sertifikasi ISO 9001:2015 dan ISO 9001:2008 terhadap tingkat maturitas ERM.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 13,
"width": 224,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 5 No.2 September 2016. Pp 99-110",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 456,
"top": 13,
"width": 68,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2252-7699",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 774,
"width": 17,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "106",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 71,
"width": 421,
"height": 364,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 4. Gambaran deskriptif variabel (sumber: hasil olahan) Keterangan N Minimum Maksimum Mean Std. Deviation Sertifikasi ISO 9001:2015 17 0,436 0,815 0,707 0,095 Sertifikasi ISO 9001:2008 10 0,379 0,794 0,595 0,159 Tidak Sertifikasi ISO 9001 3 0,564 0,574 0,567 0,006 Uji beda kembali akan dilakukan untuk menentukan apakah terdapat perbedaan nilai yang signifikan secara statistik antara nilai ERMMI perusahaan yang tersertifikasi ISO 9001:2015 dengan perusahaan yang tersertifikasi ISO 9001:2008. Langkah yang sama kembali digunakan pada sub-bab ini yaitu melakukan uji normalitas dan homogenitas untuk menentukan jenis uji beda yang sesuai dan dapat digunakan pada kasus ini. Hasil uji Kolmogorov-smirnov dan Shapiro-wilk menunjukkan bahwa data tersebut berdistribusi tidak normal yang ditunjukan dengan nilai signifikansi untuk data perusahaan yang tersertifikasi ISO 9001:2015 < 0,05. Levene test menunjukkan bahwa data tersebut homogen dengan nilai signifikansi > 0,05. Namun karena tidak memenuhi syarat normalitas data, maka uji beda 2 variabel dilakukan dengan uji Mann Whitney (non- parametrik). Berikut adalah hipotesa yang dibangun dalam melakukan uji Mann Whitney:",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 433,
"width": 205,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Ho: Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan nilai ERMMI perusahaan yang tersertifikasi ISO 9001:2015 dengan perusahaan yang tersertifikasi ISO 9001:2008 Ha: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan nilai ERMMI perusahaan yang tersertifikasi ISO 9001:2015 dengan perusahaan yang tersertifikasi ISO 9001:2008",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 169,
"width": 209,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa nilai asymp.Sig sebesar 0,088 > 0,05 maka sesuai dengan dasar pengambilan keputusan dalam uji Mann Whitney dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ho diterima. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan nilai ERMMI perusahaan yang memiliki sertifikasi ISO 9001:2015 dengan perusahaan yang memiliki sertifikasi ISO 9001:2008.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 289,
"width": 208,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.3 Pengaruh Klasifikasi Badan Usaha Terhadap Tingkat Maturitas ERM",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 325,
"width": 452,
"height": 340,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebanyak 20 perusahaan dengan klasifikasi B1 dan 10 perusahaan dengan klasifikasi B2 diukur nilai ERMMI. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan dengan klasifikasi B1 memiliki nilai rata-rata ERMMI lebih rendah daripada perusahaan dengan klasifikasi B2. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan dengan klasifikasi B2 memiliki tingkat maturitas ERM yang lebih baik daripada perusahaan dengan klasifikasi B1. Namun seperti pada analisis sub-bab sebelumnya, uji beda perlu dilakukan untuk menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan nilai yang signifikan secara statistik antara nilai ERMMI perusahaan yang memiliki klasifikasi B1 dengan perusahaan yang memiliki klasifikasi B2. Hasil statistik deskriptif klasifikasi badan usaha dapat dilihat pada Tabel 5. Tabel 5. Gambaran deskriptif variabel (sumber: hasil olahan) Keterangan N Minimum Maksimum Mean Std. Deviation Klasifikasi B1 20 0,379 0,794 0,628 0,125 Klasifikasi B2 10 0,416 0,815 0,711 0,122 Uji beda kembali akan digunakan pada analisis pengaruh klasifikasi badan usaha.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 663,
"width": 208,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil uji Kolmogorov smirnov dan Shapiro wilk menunjukan bahwa data tersebut berdistribusi tidak normal yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai signifikansi < 0,05 untuk data",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 711,
"width": 208,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ERMMI klasifikasi B2. Levene test menunjukan bahwa data tersebut homogen dengan nilai signifikansi > 0,05. Maka uji beda 2 variabel dilakukan dengan uji Mann Whitney",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 639,
"width": 209,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(non-parametrik). Berikut adalah hipotesa yang dibangun dalam melakukan uji Mann Whitney: Ho: Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan nilai ERMMI perusahaan yang memiliki klasifikasi B1 dengan perusahaan yang memiliki klasifikasi B2 Ha: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan nilai ERMMI perusahaan yang memiliki",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 417,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andreas Kurniawan & Andreas Wibowo/ Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Maturitas Enterprise Risk Management (Erm) Kontraktor Besar Di Indonesia/Pp 99-110",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 792,
"width": 17,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "107",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 71,
"width": 187,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "klasifikasi B1 dengan perusahaan yang memiliki klasifikasi B2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 108,
"width": 208,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa nilai asymp.Sig sebesar 0,058 > 0,05 maka sesuai dengan dasar pengambilan keputusan dalam uji Mann Whitney dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ho diterima.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 158,
"width": 209,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kembali hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan nilai ERMMI perusahaan yang memiliki klasifikasi B1 dengan perusahaan yang memiliki klasifikasi B2.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 70,
"width": 208,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.4 Pengaruh Pengalaman Perusahaan Terhadap Tingkat Maturitas ERM",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 107,
"width": 209,
"height": 134,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2 menunjukkan grafik hubungan antara tingkat maturitas ERM atau ERMMI (sumbu Y) dengan tahun berdirinya perusahaan (sumbu X). Gambar tersebut masih belum bisa menjelaskan hubungan antara tingkat maturitas ERM dengan tahun berdirinya perusahaan. Masih belum dapat diketahui apakah semakin lama suatu perusahaan berdiri maka tingkat maturitasnya akan semakin meningkat atau begitu juga sebaliknya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 390,
"width": 438,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2. Hubungan Tahun Berdirinya Perusahaan dengan Tingkat Maturitas ERM (Sumber: hasil olahan)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 427,
"width": 209,
"height": 192,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis selanjutnya yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan analisis korelasi antara tingkat maturitas perusahaan dengan pengalaman perusahaan. Hipotesis yang dibangun pada penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: Terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara tingkat maturitas ERM dan pengalaman perusahaan. Pengalaman perusahaan disini dihitung dengan cara menghitung selisih antara tahun 2016 dengan tahun berdirinya perusahaan. Hipotesis ini mengasumsikan hubungan positif korelasi antara tingkat maturitas ERM dengan pengalaman perusahaan. Hipotesis yang dibangun adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 618,
"width": 205,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " H 0 (hipotesis nol): r = 0, tidak terdapat korelasi secara signifikan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 644,
"width": 205,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " H 1 (hipotesis alternatif): r ≠ 0, terdapat korelasi secara signifikan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 682,
"width": 209,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis korelasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rank Spearman. Uji dilakukan dua sisi karena bertujuan mencari ada atau tidak ada hubungan/korelasi. Dasar pengambilan keputusan uji korelasi tersebut berdasarkan probabilitas yaitu dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 427,
"width": 208,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "membandingkan nilai probabilitas atau Sig. dengan tingkat signifikansi atau margin error α = 5% (0,05):",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 466,
"width": 205,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Jika nilai Sig. ≥ 0,05; maka H0 diterima, H1 ditolak.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 492,
"width": 205,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Jika nilai Sig. < 0,05; maka H0 ditolak,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 505,
"width": 209,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H1 diterima. Hasil uji Rank Spearman menunjukkan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,047 < 0,050, maka H 1 diterima dan H 0 ditolak yang artinya ada korelasi yang signifikan antara tingkat maturitas ERM dengan pengalaman perusahaan. Korelasi tersebut bersifat positif yang artinya semakin banyak pengalaman perusahaan maka tingkat maturitas ERM perusahaan tersebut semakin tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 657,
"width": 155,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "V. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 683,
"width": 208,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berikut adalah kesimpulan dan saran yang didapat dari hasil penelitian:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 719,
"width": 205,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Perusahaan yang mengadopsi kerangka manajemen risiko ISO 31000:2011 memiliki nilai rata-rata ERMMI yang lebih tinggi daripada perusahaan yang",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 417,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andreas Kurniawan & Andreas Wibowo/ Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Maturitas Enterprise Risk Management (Erm) Kontraktor Besar Di Indonesia/Pp 99-110",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 792,
"width": 17,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "108",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 71,
"width": 206,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "tidak mengadopsi kerangka manajemen risiko ISO 31000:2011. Hal tersebut diperkuat dengan uji Mann Whitney yang menunjukan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara nilai ERMMI perusahaan yang mengadopsi kerangka manajemen risiko ISO 31000:2011 dengan perusahaan yang tidak mengadopsi ISO 31000. 2. Perusahaan yang tertifikasi ISO 9001:2015 memiliki nilai rata-rata ERMMI yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perusahaan yang tersertifikasi ISO 9001:2008. Namun hasil uji Mann Whitney menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan nilai ERMMI perusahaan yang tersertifikasi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 287,
"width": 206,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISO 9001:2015 dengan perusahaan yang tersertifikasi ISO 9001:2008. Maka dari itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh antara sertifikasi ISO 9001 dengan tingkat maturitas ERM. 3. Perusahaan dengan klasifikasi B1 memiliki nilai rata-rata ERMMI yang lebih rendah daripada perusahaan dengan klasifikasi B2. Namun hasil uji Mann Whitney menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan nilai ERMMI perusahaan yang memiliki klasifikasi B1 dengan perusahaan yang memiliki klasifikasi B2. Maka dari itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh antara klasifikasi perusahaan dengan tingkat maturitas ERM",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 515,
"width": 206,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Hasil uji Rank Spearman menunjukkan terdapat korelasi yang positif antara pengalaman perusahaan dengan nilai ERMMI perusahaan. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan yang memiliki pengalaman lebih lama di bidang konstruksi memiliki tingkat maturitas ERM yang lebih baik pula.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 623,
"width": 206,
"height": 146,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Berdasarkan kesimpulan 1 sampai 4 maka sangat disarankan bagi perusahaan khususnya kontraktor besar yang belum mengadopsi kerangka manajemen risiko ISO 31000:2011 untuk segera mengadopsi dalam perusahaannya karena terbukti dapat meningkatkan tingkat maturitas ERM perusahaan. Selain itu, pengalaman perusahaan juga menentukan tingkat maturitas ERM. Semakin berpengalaman suatu perusahaan maka semakin semakin matang tingkat",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 337,
"top": 71,
"width": 187,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "implementasi ERM di perusahaan tersebut. Hasil penelitian sebelumnya diperoleh organisasi yang meningkatkan maturitas manajemen proyek mengalami penghematan biaya, peningkatan kepastian jadwal pekerjaan dan peningkatan kualitas.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 166,
"width": 63,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "REFERENSI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 193,
"width": 209,
"height": 180,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andrianto, Hadrian (2015), “Kajian Penerapan ISO 9001:2008 Pada Perusahaa Kontraktor yang Memiliki Proyek di Bandung”, Program Studi Teknik Sipil Universitas Katolik Parahyangan. Bandung Chou SY, Chang YH (2008) A decision support system for supplier selection based on a strategy aligned fuzzy SMART approach. Expert Syst Appl 34(4):2241–2253",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 389,
"width": 209,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ciorciari M, Blattner P (2008) Enterprise risk management maturity-level assessment tool. 2008 enterprise risk management symposium, Chicago, 14–16 April",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 463,
"width": 208,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cox A. and Townsend M., 1998, Strategic procurement in construction: towards better practice in the management of construction supply chains, Tomas Telford, UK.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 553,
"width": 209,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "CRMS Indonesia. (2013),”Lahirnya SNI ISO",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 348,
"top": 569,
"width": 175,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "31000”, (Online), (http://crmsindonesia.org/knowledge/la hirnya-standar-nasional-indonesia- untuk-manajemen-risiko-sni-iso-31000 diakses 30 November 2016).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 659,
"width": 209,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fadun, Olajide Solomon. (2013). Risk management and Risk Management",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 348,
"top": 689,
"width": 34,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Failure:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 348,
"top": 689,
"width": 176,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lesson for Business Enterprises. International Journal of",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 348,
"top": 719,
"width": 176,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. February 2013, Vol 3, No. 2. ISSN:2222-6990.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 417,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andreas Kurniawan & Andreas Wibowo/ Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Maturitas Enterprise Risk Management (Erm) Kontraktor Besar Di Indonesia/Pp 99-110",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 792,
"width": 17,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "109",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 73,
"width": 208,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gordon, L.A., Loeb, M.P. and Tseng, C.Y. (2009),“Enterprise risk management and firm performance: a contingency perspective”, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, Vol. 28 No. 4, pp. 301-327.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 179,
"width": 209,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hillson, D.A. (1997),”Toward a risk maturity model” International Journal of Project & Bussiness Risk Management, Vol. 1, No. 1, 35-45.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 253,
"width": 208,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(https://isoindonesiacenter.com/risk-based- thinking-dalam-iso-90012015/ diakses 30 November 2016)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 313,
"width": 211,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISOCENTER INDONESIA. (2016), “Risk Based Thinking dalam ISO 9001:2015”, (Online),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 373,
"width": 208,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Korbel, A. dan Benedict, R. (2007).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 389,
"width": 209,
"height": 328,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "“Application of the project management maturity model to drive organisational improvement in a state owned corporation”, Australian Institute of Project Management National Conference 2007, Hobart, Tasmania, October 7 – 10. Kurniawan,Andreas (2016), “Mengukur Tingkat Maturitas Enterprise Risk Managment (ERM) Kontraktor Besar di Indonesia”, Proceeding of Konferensi Nasional Pascasarjana Teknik Sipil (KNPTS), Bandung, 8 November Lembaga Pengembangan Jasa Konstruksi Nasional (2013), “Peraturan Lembaga Pengembangan Jasa Konstruksi Nasional Nomor: 10 Tahun 2013 Tentang Registrasi Usaha Jasa Pelaksana Konstruksi”.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 73,
"width": 208,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Negnevitsky M (2006) Artificial intelligence:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 89,
"width": 209,
"height": 118,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a guide to intelligent systems, 2nd edn. Pearson Education Limited, New York Rahman, M R (2015),”Gapensi: Pasar Konstruksi Nasional Dikuasai Kontraktor Besar”, (online), (http://sumbar.antaranews.com//berita/ 145639/gapensi-pasar-konstruksi-",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 348,
"top": 209,
"width": 169,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "nasional-dikuasai-kontraktor- besar.html, diakses 1 september 2016)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 253,
"width": 209,
"height": 240,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Riadi (2015), “Penilaian maturitas penerapan manajemen risiko berdasarkan ISO 31000 : studi kasus di PT XYZ = risk management maturity assessment based on ISO 31000 : a case study in PT XYZ”, Program Studi Manajemen Universitas Katolik Parahyangan. Bandung Ross TJ (2010) Fuzzy logic with engineering applications (3rd ed). Wiley, New York Schaufelberger, J. (2009).Construction business management, Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 509,
"width": 209,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Taufik, Januar. (2015), “Model Asesmen Maturitas Manajemen Risiko Untuk Organisasi Pengguna Jasa Konstruksi Pemerintah”. Program Pascasarjana Teknik Sipil. Konsentrasi Manajemen Proyek Konstruksi. Universitas Katolik Parahyangan. Bandung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 629,
"width": 209,
"height": 134,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wijaya, Deo Fani Nur. (2013). “Hubungan Antara Level Kedewasaan Manajemen Risiko, Kompleksitas Proyek, Dan Kinerja Perusahaan ditinjau Dan Perspektif kontinjensi”. Tesis. Program Pascasarjana Teknik Industri. Jurusan Teknik Mesin Dan Industri. Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gajah Mada Yogyakarta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 417,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andreas Kurniawan & Andreas Wibowo/ Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Maturitas Enterprise Risk Management (Erm) Kontraktor Besar Di Indonesia/Pp 99-110",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 792,
"width": 17,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "110",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 73,
"width": 211,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Zhao, X., Hwang, B. G., and Low, S. P. (2013). “Enterprise Risk Management in International Construction Operations”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 105,
"top": 119,
"width": 85,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Springer Singapore",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 149,
"width": 208,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Zou, P.X.W., Chen, Y., dan Chan, T.Y. (2010),”Understanding & inproving",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 105,
"top": 179,
"width": 176,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "your risk management capability: assessment model for construction organizations”, Journal of Construction Engineering & Management, ASCE/August 2010, Vol 136 (8), 854-863.",
"type": "Table"
}
] |
7dba599c-1a84-08e2-53c4-45ff7f4195dd | http://jurnal-pharmaconmw.com/jmpm/index.php/jmpm/article/download/25/36 | [
{
"left": 64,
"top": 51,
"width": 196,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 2, No. 1, Juni 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35311/jmpm.v2i1.25 ISSN: 2722-4902 | e-ISSN: 2745-3588",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 793,
"width": 9,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 371,
"top": 55,
"width": 106,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "J urnal M andala P engabdian M asyarakat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 371,
"top": 82,
"width": 191,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Journal homepage: https://jurnal-pharmaconmw.com/jmpm",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 100,
"width": 424,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sosialisasi Pemanfaatan Daun Sirih Sebagai Obat Herbal Daun Sirih Dikemas Dalam Kapsul di Nganjuk",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 153,
"width": 305,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nur Septiani Megasari * , Fransiscus Xaverius Sri Sadewo",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 187,
"top": 167,
"width": 224,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sosiologi FISH Universitas Negeri Surabaya",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 278,
"top": 203,
"width": 42,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 222,
"width": 427,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kegiatan sosialisasi ini diadakan untuk pemanfaatan daun sirih sebagai obat herbal yang dikemas dalam kapsul, sebagai obat yang memiliki banyak khasiat. Harapan setelah diadakan sosialisasi ini yaitu dapat mengembalikan perekonomian masyarakat menjadi lebih baik, dengan demikian kegiatan ini tidak lepas dari dukungan pihak desa dan masyarakat sekitar. Metode yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Pendekatan yang dilakukan ini bersifat deskriptif, yakni dengan penyajian data dan format deskriptif, dengan tujuan untuk menggambarkan atau meringkas hasil. Selama kegiatan sosialisasi masyarakat dapat bertanya secara langsung mengenai pemanfaatan daun sirih sebagai sebagai obat herbal dikemas dalam kapsul di masa pandemi covid-19.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 329,
"width": 261,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci : sosialisasi, masyarakat, daun sirih, covid-19",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 354,
"width": 420,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Socialization on the Use of Betel Leaf as Herbal Medicine Betel Leaf Packaged in Capsules in Nganjuk",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 401,
"width": 47,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 419,
"width": 427,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This socialization activity was held to use betel leaf as a herbal medicine packaged in capsules, as a medicine that has many benefits. The hope after this socialization is that it can restore the community's economy to be better, thus this activity cannot be separated from the support of the village and the surrounding community. The method used is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. This approach is descriptive in nature, namely by presenting data and in a descriptive format, with the aim of describing or summarizing the results. During the socialization activities, the public can ask directly about the use of betel leaf as a herbal medicine packaged in capsules during the covid-19 pandemic.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 521,
"width": 247,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: socialization, community, betel leaf, covid-19",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 541,
"width": 200,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penulis korespondensi: Nur Septiani Megasari Sosiologi FISH Universitas Negeri Surabaya E-mail : [email protected] No. HP : 083831170393",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 39,
"width": 144,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://jurnal-pharmaconmw.com/jmpm",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 37,
"width": 27,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JMPM",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 781,
"width": 8,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 425,
"top": 38,
"width": 85,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 2, No. 1, Juni 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 86,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 109,
"width": 198,
"height": 208,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pandemi covid-19 terjadi kurang lebih satu tahun lamanya baik di Indonesia ataupun di penjuru dunia. Dampak pandemi covid sendiri dapat dirasakan baik secara langsung ataupun tidak langsung dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Pandemi covid juga memberikan dampak yang sangat signifikan dalam aspek perekonomian di masyarakat dan negara. Dampak lainnya yang dapat dirasakan secara langsung antara lain sulitnya mencari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 303,
"width": 197,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pekerjaan, pendidikan, budaya, dan sosial.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 336,
"width": 198,
"height": 175,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Banyaknya pekerja buruh pabrik yang mengalami PHK tanpa pesangon secara besar-besaran di berbagai instansi perusahaan yang menyebabkan perekonomian masyarakat menjadi menurun drastis. Untuk mengatasi berbagai masalah yang muncul di masyarakat, pemerintah melakukan berbagai cara dalam mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, diantaranya:",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 497,
"width": 197,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dengan melakukan program 3M (memakai masker, mencuci tangan, menjaga jarak), melakukan PSBB (Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar) di berbagai wilayah, melakukan penyemprotan disinfektan, memberikan bantuan covid yang diperuntukkan bagi warga yang terdampak secara langsung, melakukan sosialisasi mengenai covid 19, dll.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 109,
"width": 203,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perkembangan jumlah kasus covid-19 semakin meningkat dari waktu ke waktu. Sejak covid-19 muncul di Jakarta pertama kali, seluruh provinsi di Indonesia melakukan kewaspadaan. Namun seiring dengan berjalannya waktu wabah covid-19 semakin menyebar di berbagai wilayah termasuk Jawa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 255,
"width": 200,
"height": 305,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Timur. Terdapat dugaan yang menyebabkan percepatan persebaran virus covid-19 yakni faktor migrasi. Proses migrasi yang dilakukan masyarakat Jawa timur seperti TKI, Turis, dan Pendatang dari luar provinsi. Berdasarkan data pada tanggal 14 Oktober 2020 terdapat 47.894 kasus positif covid-19, kasus sembuh sejumlah 41.474 dan kasus meninggal sejumlah 2.935 jiwa (Update Corona Covid-19 Jawa timur pada 1 Oktober 2020, 2020). Jawa Timur menjadi provinsi kedua terbanyak jumlah orang yang dinyatakan positif covid-19 di Indonesia. Berbagai upaya pencegahan di lakukan oleh pemerintah setempat. Namun",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 562,
"width": 197,
"height": 79,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "demikian, covid-19 tetap menyebar secara meluas di berbagai daerah di Jawa Timur .Hal tersebut terjadi akibat ketidakpatuhan masyarakat untuk melakukan social distancing.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 39,
"width": 144,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://jurnal-pharmaconmw.com/jmpm",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 37,
"width": 27,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JMPM",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 781,
"width": 8,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 425,
"top": 38,
"width": 85,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 2, No. 1, Juni 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 109,
"width": 301,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1 Angka persebaran covid-19 di Kabupaten Nganjuk",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 134,
"width": 416,
"height": 413,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kecamatan Pelaku Perjalan an Kontak erat Suspek Proba ble Positif Sembuh Bagor 2.328 195 34 0 20 11 Baron 3.195 176 19 0 25 18 Berbek 3.073 105 17 0 19 9 Gondang 2.480 213 21 0 13 6 Jatikalen 2.739 1 3 0 0 0 Kertosono 2.934 324 22 0 53 25 Lengkong 2.400 58 6 0 5 4 Loceret 3.708 157 41 0 26 22 Nganjuk 2.059 337 46 0 22 16 Ngetos 1.834 69 8 1 7 5 Ngluyu 571 31 4 0 2 0 Ngronggot 3.963 435 28 0 38 32 Pace 3.177 524 34 0 19 16 Patianrowo 1.895 131 10 0 13 7 Prambon 2.451 119 19 0 10 9 Rejoso 2.721 107 36 0 10 8 Sawahan 1.430 120 9 0 10 6 Sukomoro 1.589 52 30 0 7 5 Tanjunganom 3.816 400 45 0 32 23 Wilangan 1.937 242 12 0 13 12 JUMLAH 50.300 3.796 443 1 344 234 (Sumber : covid19.nganjuk.co.id)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 557,
"width": 197,
"height": 79,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel tersebut menunjukkan bahwa angka persebaran covid-19 di Nganjuk dari waktu ke waktu semakin meningkat. Hal ini karena banyaknya masyarakat yang",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 638,
"width": 197,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "melakukan perpindahan dari kota ke kota yang lain serta banyaknya masyarakat yang pulang kampung dari kota yang berzona merah. Selain itu kesadaran masyarakat yang kurang akan gerakan 3M (mencuci tangan, memakai masker, dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 557,
"width": 197,
"height": 184,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menjaga jarak). Pelanggaran protokol kesehatan dapat memicu persebaran covid-19. Dengan demikian, untuk memulihkan kondisi perekonomian Indonesia diperlukan adanya pemberdayaan masyarakat di berbagai wilayah, dengan harapan dapat membantu untuk memulihkan perekonomian masyarakat selama pandemi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 382,
"top": 727,
"width": 131,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "covid. Pemberdayaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 39,
"width": 144,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://jurnal-pharmaconmw.com/jmpm",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 37,
"width": 27,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JMPM",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 781,
"width": 8,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 425,
"top": 38,
"width": 85,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 2, No. 1, Juni 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 197,
"height": 79,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "merupakan kegiatan yang dilakukan sebagai salah satu bentuk tindakan yang dilakukan dengan tujuan dan maksud yang telah dirancang atau direncanakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 174,
"width": 197,
"height": 515,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat tidak lepas dari sayuran dan obat-obatan baik dalam bentuk herbal ataupun tidak. Kebanyakan yang terjadi saat ini adalah obat yang diperoleh masyarakat berasal dari proses kimiawi di pabrik-pabrik. Untuk menemukan obat-obatan alami dengan ektrak herbal tumbuhan di era modern saat ini cenderung susah ditemukan. Hal tersebut terjadi karena semakin banyaknya polusi, pencemaran limbah, dan eksploitasi alam dari kegiatan manusia yang menimbulkan ketersediaan sumberdaya alam semakin terbatas. Sehingga banyak dari masyarakat modern yang langsung mengonsumsi obat-obatan kimiawi dari klinik terdekat. Namun obat yang diolah dari pabrik tersebut sebenarnya mengandung bahan kimia yang jelas berbahaya jika dikonsumsi secara berkelanjutan dan berangsur lama. Bahan kimia pada obat yang terus dikonsumsi terus-terusan dan berlebihan justru dapat menjadi boomerang bagi kesehatan manusia karena kandungannya yang sudah tidak murni lagi dan dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan fungsi tubuh.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 700,
"width": 197,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Maka dari itu masyarakat Indonesia perlu berganti arah untuk lebih menyukai konsumsi ekstraksi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 85,
"width": 197,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "obat-obatan yang natural dan alami karena lebih sehat untuk dikonsumsi serta tidak menimbulkan efek samping berbahaya layaknya konsumsi obat kimiawi. Salah satu obat herbal yang bisa dijumpai di sekitar masyarakat adalah Daun sirih.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 198,
"width": 197,
"height": 208,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Daun sirih merupakan tanaman yang sangat fenomenal di kalangan masyarakat Indonesia. Tanaman ini sangat banyak dicari oleh masyarakat Indonesia karena khasiatnya yang begitu banyak. Daun sirih sangat kaya dengan zat-zat berkhasiat, diantaranya: minyak atsiri, hydroxychavicol, chavicol, chavibetol, allylpyrocatechol, cyneole, caryophyllene, cadinene, estragol, terpennena, sesquiterpena, phenyl propana, tanin, diastase, gula, pati,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 409,
"width": 197,
"height": 143,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dan eugenol. Eugenol yang terkandung dalam daun sirih diduga mampu membasmi Candida albicans, mencegah ejakulasi dini, dan bersifat analgetik (meredakan rasa nyeri). Sirih, yang telah berabad-abad dikenal oleh nenek moyang kita mempunyai manfaat yang besar, berkhasiat untuk mengobati",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 554,
"width": 197,
"height": 192,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "keputihan dan pernah diuji secara klinis. Secara tradisional, daun sirih juga sering digunakan sebagai tanaman obat, mengatasi bau badan, bau mulut, sariawan dan mimisan (Diyah, 2000). Selain itu, masyarakat Indonesia kebanyakan menggunakan tanaman ini sebagai obat herbal untuk berbagai macam penyakit. Misalnya: gatal-gatal , sebagai obat mimisan, sebagai obat keputihan bagi perempuan,sebagai obat anti septik,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 39,
"width": 144,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://jurnal-pharmaconmw.com/jmpm",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 37,
"width": 27,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JMPM",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 781,
"width": 8,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 425,
"top": 38,
"width": 85,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 2, No. 1, Juni 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 197,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "penurun berat badan, sebagai obat nyeri, mengobati batuk, obat sakit gigi, haid tidak teratur, dan masih banyak lagi lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 158,
"width": 197,
"height": 192,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dengan adanya daun sirih di sekitar tidak serta merta menyelesaikan permasalahan kesehatan masayrakat. Permaslahan yang kemudian terjadi adalah jumlah tanaman sirih yang sekarang ini mulai langka dan jarang ditemukan, khususnya di daerah perkotaan. Masifnya kegaitan perindustrian mengakibatkan lahan alam yang asri digusur dan dialihfungsikan menjadi tempat-tempat industri, perumahan,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 85,
"width": 197,
"height": 273,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dan kawasan pemenuh hasrat manusia semata tanpa melihat konsekuensi terhadap alamnya lebih lanjut. Pada akhirnya, cenderung sulit menjumpai daun sirih di era modern saat daripada menemukannya pada zaman dulu yang masih banyak tumbuh dimana-mana. Kalau ingin bisa mendapatkannya terkhsuskan di daerah perkotaan paling tidak harus membelinya terlebih dahulu di pasar tradisional atau di toko herbal. Hal itupun jarang sekali dijumpai karena kebanyaan tanaman sirih sekarang ini hanya tersebar di area pedesaan saja dan langka dijumpai di daerah perkotaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 244,
"top": 368,
"width": 110,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1 Daun Sirih",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 579,
"width": 236,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber : daun-sirih-hijau.jpg Selanjutnya kebanyakan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 617,
"width": 197,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "masyrakat dalam menggunakan daun sirih lebih sering hanya sebatas dimakan langsung daunnya atau biasanya direbus dan langsung di gunakan setelah di cuci, serta ditumbuk hingga halus. Tumbuhan yang kaya akan manfaat ini sangat disayangkan jarang diolah menjadi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 601,
"width": 197,
"height": 143,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "suatu kreasi yang menarik, sehingga minat dan ketertarikan masyarakat mengonsumsi daun ini cenderung rendah. Kebanyakan mereka juga hanya mau mengonsumsinya saat terkena sakit saja. Padahal apabila dikonsumsi setiap harinya tentu dapat meningkatkan kesehatan tubuh.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 39,
"width": 144,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://jurnal-pharmaconmw.com/jmpm",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 37,
"width": 27,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JMPM",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 781,
"width": 8,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 425,
"top": 38,
"width": 85,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 2, No. 1, Juni 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 198,
"height": 227,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam penelitian yang sama tentang pemanfaatan daun sirih dengan judul “Sosialisasi pembuatan dan manfaat hand sanitizer daun sirih untuk aplikasi pencegahan penularan covid-19”, penulis menggunakan metode Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dan praktek pembuatan hand sanitizer daun sirih. Kegiatan tersebut dilaksanakan utuk memberikan pembinaan dan pengetahuan terhadap guru dan siswa Madrasah Aliyah (MA) mengenai pemanfaatan daun sirih sebagai caira hand sanitizer alami",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 313,
"width": 114,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Lamote et al., 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 336,
"width": 197,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan dari paparan pendahuluan diatas, maka peneliti mengangkat kegiatan tersebut dengan melakukan sosialisasi di Balai",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 401,
"width": 197,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Desa Sambiroto, Kec. Baron, dan sesegera mungkin untuk dapat melaksanaan proses pengembangan skill dalam pemanfaatan daun sirih sebagai obat herbal, dan cemilan herbal yang dapat dijangkau oleh berbabagi kalangan. Selain itu juga dapat mengrangi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 514,
"width": 197,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "tingkat pengangguran di Desa Sambiroto, Kecamatan Baron. Adapun paparan mengenai rincian alat dan bahan beserta cara pembuatan kegiatan tersebut juga sangat penting dalam proses keberlangsungan pembuatan produk.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 651,
"width": 197,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Harapan setelah diadakan sosialisasi pengembangan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 668,
"width": 197,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "skill masyarakat Desa Sambiroto ini dapat memberikan wawasan yang sangat luas, dan upaya pemanfaatan benda yang menjadi benda bernilai jual.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 85,
"width": 197,
"height": 79,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sehingga, angka pengangguran dan kemiskinan dapat menurun, serta dapat memberikan peluang bisnis bagi masyarakat dari remaja hingga dewasa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 198,
"width": 54,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 222,
"width": 197,
"height": 192,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang sifatnya deskriptif dan menggunakan pendekatan etnometodologi. Kualitatif merupakan tahap dari penelitian yang akan menghasilkan data deskriptif dengan bentuk percakapan, tulisan, dan perilaku yang sedang diamati oleh peneliti.. Menurut Granfinkel etnometodologi adalah tindakan seseorang yang dilakukan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 400,
"width": 197,
"height": 354,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "seseorang dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dimana diluar jangkauan pemikiran seseorang. Etnometodologi berfokus pada kesadaran seseorang dalam memahami sesuatu hal, misalnya pada struktur-struktur yang ada. Etnometodologi digunakan sebagai pendekatan karena etnometodologi mengarah pada tindakan atau prilaku seseorang yang pada realitasnya benar-benar terjadi di lingkungan masyarakat (Susilo, 2017). Adapun teori yang peneliti gunakan sebagai pisau atas peneliti yang telah dilaksanakan adalah teori yang dikemukakan oleh fenomenologi Alfred Schutz. Dengan menggunakan teori tersebut diharapkan untuk dapat memberikan referensi pada penelitian yang akan datang secara meluas. Serta dapat menjadikan pisau",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 39,
"width": 144,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://jurnal-pharmaconmw.com/jmpm",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 37,
"width": 27,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JMPM",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 781,
"width": 8,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 425,
"top": 38,
"width": 85,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 2, No. 1, Juni 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 198,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pemecah permasalahan yang terjadi di masyarakat pada penelitian ini ataupun penelitian yang akan datang mengenai kebijakan Pemerintah dalam mengatasi ketidaktepat sasaran bantuan covid-19 di berbagai wilayah Indonesia.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 206,
"width": 197,
"height": 79,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendapatkan gambaran terkait dengan kebijakan Pemkab Nganjuk dalam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 271,
"width": 200,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menangani ketidaktepat sasaran bantuan covid- 19. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini melalui kombinasi yaitu antara data primer dan data sekunder. Data sekunder melalui jurnal dan penelitian terdahulu sebagai studi pustaka, sedangkan data primer dapat diambil melalui hasil wawancara, observasi dan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 449,
"width": 149,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dokumentasi (Ratna, 2004):",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 473,
"width": 197,
"height": 87,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Observasi Merupakan salah satu teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan melalui sebuah pengamatan langsung dengan objek penelitian",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 562,
"width": 197,
"height": 160,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menggunakan panca indra. Dalam penelitian sangat penting untuk dilakukan sebuah observasi hal ini dilakukan dengan tujuan agar peneliti dapat memahami dan mengetahui mengenai kondisi lingkungan, serta untuk ,mengetahui karakteristik dari informan yang nantinya akan dijadikan subjek penelitian dengan kata lain observasi diperlukan agar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 85,
"width": 197,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "peneliti dapat beradaptasi dengan kondisi, lokasi dan siapa yang akan di wawancarai dengan baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 141,
"width": 84,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Wawancara",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 166,
"width": 197,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam teknik pengumpulan data yang kedua, yaitu wawancara peneliti mencoba melakukan wawancara secara mendalam dengan masyarakat desa Sambiroto. Wawancara yaitu suatu proses tehnik pegambilan data dengan tatap muka (face to face).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 303,
"width": 91,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Dokumentasi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 327,
"width": 197,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam pengumpulan data yang ketiga, yaitu dokumentasi digunakan sebagai teknik pengumpulan data primer untuk melengkapi sebuah hasil wawancara dan hasil observasi. Sebuah proses dokumentasi diperlukan dalam",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 441,
"width": 197,
"height": 143,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "proses observasi dan wawancara yang terkait dengan pengambilan gambar dan rekaman audio yang dilakukan ketika wawancara sedang berlangsung. Adanya gambar dan rekaman audio secara tidak langsung akan membantu ingatan dari peneliti agar pada proses analisis data dapat dilakukan dengan mudah dan tepat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 594,
"width": 197,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik penulisan dengan tiga tahap yakni tahap pertama adalah tahap reduksi data, tahap kedua adalah penyajian data, dan tahap ketiga adalah penarikan kesimpulan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 39,
"width": 144,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://jurnal-pharmaconmw.com/jmpm",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 37,
"width": 27,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JMPM",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 781,
"width": 8,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 425,
"top": 38,
"width": 85,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 2, No. 1, Juni 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 227,
"top": 85,
"width": 144,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2 Gambaran Target",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 459,
"width": 147,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 484,
"width": 120,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Gambaran Lokasi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 500,
"width": 197,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Masyarakat Kabupaten Nganjuk",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 527,
"width": 197,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nganjuk merupakan salah satu Kabupaten yang ada di Jawa Timur. Dibagian utara nganjuk berbatasan dengan Kabupaten Bojonegoro, di bagian selatan berbatasan dengan Kabupaten Ponorogo, di sebelah timur berbatasan dengan Jombang dan Kediri, sedangkan di bagian barat berbatasan dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 648,
"width": 197,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kabupaten Madiun. Kapupaten Nganjuk memiliki kepadatan 7,88/km2 dengan popuasi masyarakatnya sebanyak 1,017,030 jiwa dengan kurang lebih 36% penduduknya tinggal di wilayah perkotaan, dan 64% diwilayah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 459,
"width": 197,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pedesaan , dengan jumlah kecamatan sebanyak 20 dan kelurahan sebanyak 284 orang. Mata pencaharaian Kab. Nganjuk hampir mayoritas 80% bermata pencaharian sebagai petani, hal ini karena banyak lahan kosong yang digunakan untuk pertanian. Dan sisanya sebanyak 20% bekerja sebagai pegawai, buruh pabrik, berdagang, dll.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 619,
"width": 102,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " Perekonomian",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 450,
"top": 620,
"width": 63,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kabupaten",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 636,
"width": 197,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nganjuk Pendemi covid kurang lebih setahun telah meresahkan masyarakat diberbagai penjuru dunia. Persebaran virus yang tidak ada habisnya ini menjadikan masyarakat mengalami keterbatasan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 116,
"width": 366,
"height": 300,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Membeli peralatan dan bahan Proses Produksi Pemasaran produk EVALUASI BULANAN Riset pasar Relasi Usaha",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 423,
"width": 111,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENGEMBANGAN USAHA",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 39,
"width": 144,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://jurnal-pharmaconmw.com/jmpm",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 37,
"width": 27,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JMPM",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 781,
"width": 8,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 425,
"top": 38,
"width": 85,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 2, No. 1, Juni 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 197,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ruang gerak dalam menjalani kehidupan sehari-hari. Dampak yang ditimbulkan bagi masyarakat hingga menyebabkan permasalahan-",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 146,
"width": 198,
"height": 166,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "permasalahan baru yang muncul di permukaan masyarakat. Aspek-aspek yang terdampak selama pandemi covid antar lain ekonomi, pendidikan, sosial, budaya dan kesehatan. Ditambah dengan kebijakan pemerintah yang membatasi ruang gerak masyarakat menjadikan perekonomian masyarakat menurun secara drastis. Pengangguran selama pandemi covid-19 sungguh ironis,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 313,
"width": 197,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "banyak pekerja buruh yang mengalami PHK (Pemutusan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 343,
"width": 197,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hubungan Kerja) di berbagai instansi perusahaan, dan pekerjaan lainnya. Dengan demikian bantuan covid-9 ini sangat diharapkan oleh masyarakat untuk dapat bertahan hidup dimasa kritis saat pandemi.1. Survei Pasar dan Pembelian Bahan Baku serta Alat-alat Produksi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 473,
"width": 197,
"height": 175,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Survei pasar dilakukan untuk mengetahui lebih detail tentang ketersediaan bahan baku yang dibutuhkan dalam kegaitan produksi dan harga-harga bahan baku serta alat produksi dalam pembuatan OBAH DARI KEMUL. Survei dalam hal ini akan dilakuan di pasaran di daerah Surabaya dan Nganjuk. Hal tersebut karena di surabaya sedikit mengalami kesulitan dalam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 651,
"width": 111,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pencarian daun sirih.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 675,
"width": 128,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Teknik Pembuatan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 701,
"width": 172,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.1 Pengumpulan Alat dan Bahan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 725,
"width": 197,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bahan utama yang diguanakan dalam proses pembuatan Obah Dari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 85,
"width": 197,
"height": 143,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kemul adalah Daun Sirih. Adapun Daun Sirih dapat kami dapatkan di wilayah Nganjuk dengan membelinya di masyarakat yang menanam daun sirih tersebut Alat-alat yang diguanakan dalam kegaitan produksi Obah dari Kemul (Obat Herbal Daun Sirih dikemas Dalam Kapsul) ini alat pengering",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 214,
"width": 197,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ", alat penumbuk, timbangan untuk megatur takaran saat pengemasan , botol untuk pengemas Obah Dari Kemul (Obat Herbal Daun Sirih dikemas Dalam Kapsul) ini.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 319,
"width": 124,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.2. Proses Pembuatan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 352,
"top": 344,
"width": 40,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setelah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 344,
"width": 197,
"height": 119,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "bahan-bahan pembuatan Obah Dari Kemul ini terkumpulkan, dan di siapkan : 1. Langkah yang pertama, yaitu dengan menata daun sirih di atas alat pengering yang telah disediakan .",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 465,
"width": 197,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Kedua, mengeringkan di tempat yang tidak terkena sinar matahari secara langsung. Hal ini dimaksud kan agar terhindar dari polusi , menjaga ke sterilan , serta tidak mengurangi kandungan di dalam daun sirih.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 578,
"width": 197,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Ketiga, setelah kering daun sirih tersebut di tumbuk hingga halus.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 611,
"width": 197,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Ke empat, yaitu melakukan penyaringan sehingga serbuk yang dimsukkan dalam kapsul nantinya benar-benar halus. Selanjutnya , adalah tahap pengemasan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 716,
"width": 129,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.3. Teknik Pengemasan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 39,
"width": 144,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://jurnal-pharmaconmw.com/jmpm",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 37,
"width": 27,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JMPM",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 781,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "10",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 425,
"top": 38,
"width": 85,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 2, No. 1, Juni 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 197,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada tahap ini merupakan tahap akhir dari proses produksi. Dalam tahap ini pengemasan merupakan salah satu tahap yang sangat penting sekali, hal ini dikarenakan bahwa pengemasan dilakukan dengan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 182,
"width": 198,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "semenarik mungkin agar dapat memikat daya tarik pembeli.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 239,
"width": 198,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setelah bahan-bahan sudah siap, langkah selanjutnya yaitu menimbang serbuk daun sirih kedalam kapsul. Hal ini dimaksudkan agar jumlah takaran produk sama tidak mengalami kekurangan serta kelebihan dalam hal takaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 352,
"width": 197,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selanjutnya , memasukkan kapsul kedalam botol sesuai dengan jumlah kebutuhan yaitu 20, 30,50,75,100.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 434,
"height": 337,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Teknik Pemasaran Teknik pemasaran yang akan dilaksanakan, yaitu dengan melakukan beberapa strategi-strategi pemasaran produk Obah Dari Kemul",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 150,
"width": 197,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Obat Herbal Dikemas Dalam Kapsul) ini , sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 190,
"width": 181,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Pertama, kami akan menjalin hubungan kerjasama dengan para mahasiswa, dosen, dan para akademisi lainnya untuk ikut mempromosikan produk Obat Herbal ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 287,
"width": 179,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Kedua, kami akan bekerjasama dengan berbagai supermarket , apotek , bahkan rumah sakit.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 218,
"top": 336,
"width": 295,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Ketiga, kami juga akan mempromosikan produk kami Obah Dari Kemul melalui online dengan memanfaatakan media sosial seperti facebook, instagram, WhatsApp, bahkan aplikasi online lainnya. Gambar 3 peta lokasi sosialisasi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 39,
"width": 144,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://jurnal-pharmaconmw.com/jmpm",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 37,
"width": 27,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JMPM",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 781,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "11",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 425,
"top": 38,
"width": 85,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 2, No. 1, Juni 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 231,
"top": 137,
"width": 136,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 4 peta pemasaran",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 208,
"top": 363,
"width": 179,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sumber : peta jawa timur - Bing images",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 387,
"width": 163,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil pelaksanaan sosialisasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 412,
"width": 198,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Seperti yang telah disebutkan di atas, acara sosial ini dilakukan di Balai desa Sambiroto, Kecamatan Baron dengan memenuhi protokol kesehatan. Perumahan warga setempat pada Sabtu, 25 Oktober 2020, jumlah peserta Aturan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 525,
"width": 195,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kesehatan hanya diperbolehkan 15-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 541,
"width": 198,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "20 orang. Agenda kegiatan terdiri dari: 1. Mendeklarasikan metode- metode yang digunakan berdasarkan dengan tahapan- tahapan pembuatan pembuatan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 110,
"top": 646,
"width": 172,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "“OBAH DARI KEMUL” Obat Herbal Daun Sirih di Kemas Dalam Kapsul”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 695,
"width": 190,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Peserta diwajibkan memberikan respon dengan cara menjawab prtanyaan dari peneliti, sesuai",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 341,
"top": 387,
"width": 169,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dengan pendapat masing- masing.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 341,
"top": 420,
"width": 172,
"height": 256,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan produk yang telah di buat peneliti berharap kepada masyarakat yang mengikuti program ini dapat memberikan awal dari ide penjualan dan inovasi olahan lainnya. Sehingga masyarakat yang mengikuti kegiatan tersebut memunculkan ide-ide baru dalam berjualan. Dengan demikian masyarakat secara perlahan akan memiliki keterampilan dan kreativitas yang sangat luas selepas dari adanya sosialisasi mengenai pemanfaatan daun sirih sebagai obat herbal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 39,
"width": 144,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://jurnal-pharmaconmw.com/jmpm",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 37,
"width": 27,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JMPM",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 781,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "12",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 425,
"top": 38,
"width": 85,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 2, No. 1, Juni 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 108,
"width": 428,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 2 Respon masyarakat dalam sosialisasi pemanfaatan sirih di Desa Sambiroto Kecamatan Baron sebagai OBAH DARI KEMUL “ Obat Herbal Daun Sirih Dikemas Dalam Kapsul” .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 165,
"width": 417,
"height": 373,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No. Pertanyaan Jawaban 1. Menurut bapak/ ibu/ saudara dengan adanya sosialisasi ini dapat bermanfaat untuk kedepannya? Iya, sangat bermanfaat. Karena alat dan bahan sangat mudah didapat, serta penjelasan yang sangat jelas. Serta membantu untuk membuka peluang bisnis di masa pandemi. 2. Menurut bapak/ ibu/ saudara apakah ada keinginan untuk membuka usaha ini atau memilih usaha lainnya? Iya, ada. Karena bahan dan alat yang mudah didapatkan. Serta dapat memberikan manfaat untuk banyak orang. 3. Menurut bapak/ ibu/ saudara dalam proses pembuatan apakah ada kesulitan? Tidak ada. Semua dijelaskan dengan sangat baik dan jelas. 4. Apakah harapan bapak/ ibu/ saudara setelah diadakannya sosialisasi ini ? Harapan setelah adanya sosialisasi ini dapat memberikan peluang usaha kecil rumahan di masa pandemi ini. Dan dapat terkenal oleh daerah lain, agar semakin banyak diminati sebagai obat herbal. 5. Apakah bapak/ ibu/ saudara siap untuk mengembangkan skill untuk mendapatkan ekonomi yang lebih baik? Siap. Karena tujuan dari pada mengikuti sosialisasi ini berharap mendapatkan sumber inspirasi untuk memperoleh usaha lainnya.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 153,
"top": 567,
"width": 291,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 5 pelaksanaan sosialisasi di balai desa Sambiroto",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 39,
"width": 144,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://jurnal-pharmaconmw.com/jmpm",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 37,
"width": 27,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JMPM",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 781,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "13",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 425,
"top": 38,
"width": 85,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 2, No. 1, Juni 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 265,
"width": 79,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 289,
"width": 198,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil dari uraian diatas yang dibahas terdapat",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 321,
"width": 197,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "beberapa kesimpulan yang menarik, sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 361,
"width": 197,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Tanaman daun sirih lebih banyak di wilyah pedesaan dibandingkan dengan wilayah perkotaan. Hal ini dikarenakan wilayah perkotaan mengalami perkembangan infastruktur pembangunan baik gedung , jalan , pabrik, dll.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 475,
"width": 198,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Daun sirih ini mempunyai khasiat yang banyak untuk berbagai penyakit dari penyakit ringan hingga penyakit degenaratif ataupun sebagai penambah kebugaran agar lebih sehat.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 572,
"width": 197,
"height": 159,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Adapun penyakit yang yang dimaksud yaitu sebagai obat gatal-gatal, sebagai obat mimisan, sebagai obat keputihan bagi perempuan, sebagai obat antiseptik, penurun berat badan, sebagai obat nyeri, mengobati batuk, obat sakit gigi, haid tidak teratur, dan obat jantung, masih banyak lagi lainnya.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 265,
"width": 197,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Pemanfaatan daun sirih sebagai obat herbal yang dikemas dalam kapsul belum ada di masyarakat.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 313,
"width": 197,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Perlunya tempat sebagai budidaya tanaman daun sirih yang luas. 6. Perlunya kerjasama oleh beberapa pihak agar inovasi baru daun sirih sebagai obat herbal yang dikemas dalam kapsul karya anak negeri ini dapat tersebar secara cepat dan luas.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 459,
"width": 197,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7. Perlunya dukungan kerjasama dengan pihak puskesmas untuk memberikan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 449,
"top": 491,
"width": 64,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "penyuluhan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 507,
"width": 179,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mengenai manfaat daun sirih bagi kesehatan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 548,
"width": 134,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 572,
"width": 197,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Saya sebagai penulis ingin mengucapkan terima kasih sebanyak- banyaknya kepada para pendukung, khususnya para pembimbing yang selalu memberikan evaluasi dan penilaian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 653,
"width": 197,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selanjutnya, Kepada informan yang bersedia meluangkan waktu untuk menjawab pertanyaan yang diajukan. Saya juga ingin mengucapkan terima kasih kepada orang tua yang telah berdoa dan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 39,
"width": 144,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://jurnal-pharmaconmw.com/jmpm",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 37,
"width": 27,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JMPM",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 781,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "14",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 425,
"top": 38,
"width": 85,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 2, No. 1, Juni 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 198,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "memberkati tanpa batasan apa pun, serta teman-teman yang telah memberikan dorongan selama penulisan artikel ini. Semoga artikel ini dapat diterima dan membantu pembaca dalam mendapatkan ide penelitian lebih lanjut dan memberikan pengetahuan linier baru.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 222,
"width": 105,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 247,
"width": 197,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Update Corona Covid-19 Jawa timur pada 1 Oktober 2020, (2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 283,
"width": 197,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diyah, T. (2000). Daun Sirih Mengobati Mimisan Sampai Keputihan. http://www.depkes.go.id.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 347,
"width": 197,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lamote, H., Arham, Z., & Ismaun, I. (2020). Sosialisasi Pembuatan Dan Manfaat Hand Sanitizer Daun Sirih Untuk Aplikasi Pencegahan Penularan Covid-19.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 417,
"width": 174,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Mandala Pengabdian Masyarakat, 1(2), 46–53.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 446,
"width": 168,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.35311/jmpm .v1i2.10",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 482,
"width": 197,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ratna, N. K. (2004). Teori, Metode dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra. Pustaka Pelajar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 532,
"width": 197,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Susilo, D. (2017). Etnometodologi Sebagai Pendekatan Baru dalam Kajian Ilmu Komunikasi. Jurnal Studi Komunikasi (Indonesian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 588,
"width": 174,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Journal of Communications Studies), 1(1), 62–72.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 616,
"width": 168,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.25139/jsk.v1 i1.66",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
54885763-b5e3-a286-af4e-c4da81a368d2 | http://journal.afebi.org/index.php/aar/article/download/243/155 | [
{
"left": 125,
"top": 38,
"width": 363,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The Association Between Related Party Transaction and Tax Avoidance in Indonesia",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 471,
"top": 783,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "117",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 75,
"width": 372,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The Association Between Related Party Transaction and Tax Avoidance in Indonesia",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 206,
"top": 116,
"width": 70,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Putra Aryotama",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 162,
"top": 115,
"width": 274,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5 1* and Amrie Firmansyah 2 1,2 Sekolah Tinggi Akuntansi Negara, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 151,
"width": 41,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 164,
"width": 382,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This study aims to examine the association between related party transaction and tax avoidance in Indonesia’ Non-Financial Companies. Related-party transactions, as its name implies, are transactions conducted by companies with its related parties. Meanwhile, tax avoidance is a reduction in corporate tax liability, which is conducted by the company legally. This study employs a quantitative method using linear regression analysis and uses panel data of companies listed under the Indonesian Non- Financial Companies on IDX from 2014 to 2017. The initial population that includes all listed companies in the Indonesia Stock Exchange as of March 31st, 2019, that number accounts for 626 companies. Based on the purposive sampling was conducted, this study 161 sampled companies from 2015 to 2017 (3 years), so that the total number of observed data points is 483 firm-year. The hypothesis testing suggests that related party transaction is negatively associated with tax avoidance.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 328,
"width": 308,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Non-Financial Companies, Related Party, Tax Avoidance",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 363,
"width": 81,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Introduction",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 376,
"width": 382,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Governments will always try to enforce tax regulation for more revenue and compliance from businesses. Businesses, on the other hand, always try to exploit loopholes in the regulation to try and minimize or even avoid paying taxes. This act by businesses to minimize or avoid paying tax can be classified as tax avoidance or tax evasion. Kirchler (2007) distinguished the difference through legal means (tax avoidance) or illegal means (tax evasion). By legal means, firms try to exploit the loopholes that exist in the tax regulation to minimize or avoid paying taxes. Otherwise, by illegal means, companies blatantly disregard the tax regulation and unlawfully avoids paying taxes altogether. Guenther et al (2017) went even further by distinguishing legal tax planning based on the fact whether management deemed it would likely be overturned by the tax authority (tax aggressiveness) or not (tax avoidance).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 527,
"width": 382,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tax evasion has a fundamental difficulty in that they are empirically tough to measure because of the lack of information on taxpayer compliance, the measurement of which is beyond the analysis of a typical financial statement of positive accounting research (Alm, 2012). Based on that reasoning, for this research, tax avoidance will be defined as a means by which the management of corporations can reduce, minimize, or even avoid paying taxes by legal means. One way a company’s tax avoidance level can be analyzed is through its accounting information.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 616,
"width": 382,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Previous recent research in Indonesia on tax avoidance conducted by companies have mostly been discussed about firm characteristics (size, leverage) (Wijayanti et al, 2017; Dewi & Jati, 2014, Pajriansyah & Firmansyah, 2017; Nurhandono & Firmansyah, 2017), performance (earnings, profitability) (Dewi & Noviari, 2017; Arianandini & Ramantha 2018), management and governance (corporate governance, corporate social responsibility) (Dewi & Jati, 2014; Wijayanti et al., 2017; Kusuma & Firmansyah, 2018), and other external factors or political influence (Lestari & Putri 2017, Ferdiawan & Firmansyah, 2018). However, only a few studies have discussed on related-party transaction relates to tax avoidance. Therefore, this study aims to examine the related-party transaction on corporate tax avoidance. Companies can either",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 760,
"width": 274,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "* Corresponding author. Email address : [email protected]",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 38,
"width": 149,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AFEBI Accounting Review (AAR) Vol.04 No.02, December 2019",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 783,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "118",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 75,
"width": 382,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sell their products to related parties or other customers, which is unrelated to the company. Thus, it is interesting to investigate how these variables are related to the company’s tax avoidance. The related-party transaction has been previously studied in Indonesia (Arieftiara et al (2015), Wardani & Khoiriyah (2018), Oktavia et al (2012), Azizah & Kusmuriyanto (2016), Sari et al (2017). However, those studies have inconsistencies in the results.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 151,
"width": 382,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "According to the political cost hypothesis as Watts & Zimmerman (1986), the higher the political cost to the company, the more likely it is for the management to defer reported earnings from current periods to future periods. These political costs may be in the form of changes in regulation, changes in tax rates, and other changes in policy that may affect the company (Watts & Zimmerman, 1986). This hypothesis is in line with the reason why management chooses accounting policies to minimize tax. Tax is a form of political cost imposed on the company that reduces company earnings. For that reason, managers always act opportunistically in choosing accounting policies that will lower corporate tax (tax avoidance).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 264,
"width": 382,
"height": 175,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "There are several definitions put forward about the related-party transaction. The related-party transaction is a business deal or arrangement between two parties who are joined by a pre-existing special relationship (Kenton, 2019). This relationship can be in the form of an individual Director/Owner/Manager or as a subsidiary/associate company (Mahtani, 2018). Related-party transactions, as its name implies, are transactions done by companies with its related parties. According to PSAK 7 (Indonesia’s accounting standard that regulates the disclosure of related-party transactions based on IAS 24 – Related Party Disclosure), these related-parties are individuals or entities which are related to the company in preparing the company’s financial statements. Categorically, these parties might be in the form of the parent company, companies with joint control or significant influence on the reporting company, subsidiary companies, associated companies, joint ventures where the reporting company is a venture, key management of the reporting company or that of its parent, and other parties with other special relationship with the reporting company.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 442,
"width": 382,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Transactions with related parties are a legitimate business activity. However, regulators, standard-setters, and market participants have considered them as a significant issue in business activities as they may be exploited against the interest of stakeholders. Fair price or fair trade may be called into question when related-party transactions are involved. That is why it is not surprising that RPT’s exist in some high- profile corporate frauds (Bhuiyan & Roudaki, 2018). Because of the issue on RPT, companies are required to disclose the balances and transactions done with related parties. These transactions may be in the form of sales, purchases, operating expenses, receivables, payables, and debt.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 555,
"width": 382,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on agency theory, information on the related-party transaction is one of that information that, if not disclosed, may cause asymmetry information between the principal and its agent in a company. The requirement to disclose related-party transactions minimizes this agency problem. However, that does not stop managers from taking advantage of RPT to maximize their interest, as shown by Marchini et al (2018) and Mahtani (2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 631,
"width": 385,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The study on the relation of the related-party transaction to tax avoidance also has inconsistencies in results. Previous studies on the related-party transaction in Indonesia uses different measures of related-party transactions: payables, receivables, debt, purchases, sales, or even operating expense (Oktavia et al, 2012; Azizah & Kusmuriyanto, 2016; Sari et al, 2017) and obtains different results based on its measurement. This research uses only related-party sales as a measure of the related- party transaction to reflect supplier-customer relations better.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 720,
"width": 382,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "To control for extraneous effect, this research will also employ several control variables. These control variables are variables that have been proven to relate to tax avoidance based on previous studies. Those control variables are profitability (Dewi & Noviari, 2017; Arianandini & Ramantha, 2018; Darmawan & Sukartha, 2014),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 125,
"top": 38,
"width": 363,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The Association Between Related Party Transaction and Tax Avoidance in Indonesia",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 471,
"top": 783,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "119",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 75,
"width": 382,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "leverage (Lestari & Putri, 2017; Dewi & Noviari, 2017) and size (Darmawan & Sukartha, 2014; Wijayanti et al., 2017; Dewi &Noviari, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 100,
"width": 382,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This research is very relevant in Indonesia because businesses in Indonesia, as in any other country, also conducts the related-party transaction. Furthermore, requirements by accounting standards for companies to disclose related-party transactions shows how vital this information is in Indonesia. By answering the call of Hanlon & Heitzman (2010) for more studies on the determinants of tax avoidance, this study investigates how the related-party transaction of the company is related to tax avoidance. This study also contributes earlier research on tax avoidance in Indonesia by providing more evidence on the determinants of tax avoidance (related-party transaction).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 226,
"width": 137,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Hypothesis Development",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 238,
"width": 382,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Related-party transactions are often misused by company management to alter and influence reported earnings (Mahtani, 2018). This short-term high earning is preferable for managers in pursuing their self-interest (higher bonus and more recognition). Alteration and influence of reported earnings by managers for self-gain is an exhibit of the agency problem that exists between managers that act as agents with its principal (equity owners). However, this problem can be alleviated through the implementation of good quality corporate governance, as shown by Marchini et al (2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 340,
"width": 382,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Previous research by Park (2018) found that Korean companies that belong in a business group perform tax avoidance by using related-party transactions. Companies in a business group can take advantage of group relations to conduct tax avoidance to minimize corporate tax at the business group level. In Indonesia, a similar result was documented by Azizah & Kusmuriyanto (2016): the bigger the size of the related-party transaction, the more the company is engaging tax avoidance. However, when examining specific industry – manufacturing companies in Indonesia, by Oktavia et al. (2012), the relation is found to be in the opposite direction: higher related-party transaction leads to less tax avoidance. The findings in Indonesia is still inconsistent.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 454,
"width": 382,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Companies have incentives to minimize tax to increase profitability. A business group minimizes the total tax burden at the group level through income shifting between companies in the group. It is conducted by shifting income from companies with high tax burden to its related company with a low tax burden in a business group. As long as the net change from both the company that reduces taxable income and the company whose taxable income increases is negative (total decrease), those companies would keep shifting their incomes. This income shifting is conducted through related- party transactions. A multinational business group that operates in different jurisdictions shifts income from companies that reside in a high tax-rate country to companies that reside in a low tax-rate country or tax-haven country. A business group that only operates in one jurisdiction can also gain by shifting income from one company to another. In the same jurisdiction that may only have a single tax rate, income is shifted based on tax strategy, net operating loss, and tax credits.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 618,
"width": 297,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H1 : Related-party transaction is positively related to tax avoidance",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 643,
"width": 176,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 655,
"width": 101,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.1. Sample Selection",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 668,
"width": 382,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This research is quantitative, specifically causal-comparative. The data used for this experiment is secondary data. Secondary data are data that have been collected by other parties from its primary source. In this case, the data being used is extracted from the financial statement of each of the object companies. Financial statements are data about the company which has been extracted and compiled by the company itself.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 731,
"width": 382,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Furthermore, this research uses data panel, which is data from individual companies ( cross-sectional ) across different years ( time-series ). The population of data for this research is the financial data for the period of 2015 to 2017 of companies that",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 38,
"width": 149,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AFEBI Accounting Review (AAR) Vol.04 No.02, December 2019",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 783,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "120",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 75,
"width": 382,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "are listed in IDX after 2010. The period (2015 to 2017) is selected to coincide with the enactment of PSAK 46 (2014 revision) which require firms to separate tax that is imposed on a measure of pretax income (income tax expense) and tax that is imposed on measures other than pretax income (final tax expense). The separation is crucial to measure tax avoidance in this research. Furthermore, this study also excludes companies that fall into the category of Financial companies according to IDX classification (banks, financial institutions, insurance, etc.) from the sample. Also, some companies were found to not have a complete financial statement data either in one or many financial years were eliminated as well as companies with negative pretax income.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 201,
"width": 115,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.2. Research Variables",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 214,
"width": 97,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dependent Variable",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 226,
"width": 382,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This study employs Discretionary Permanent BTD (DTAX) as a tax avoidance proxy, which follows Frank et al (2009) and Rachmawati & Martani (2014). By controlling for non-discretionary items of the permanent difference between book income and taxable income, this measure of tax avoidance captures the non-conforming tax avoidance. The original equation from Frank et al. (2009) is adjusted by Rachmawati and Martani (2014), as presented in equation (1) to conform to the Indonesian context. In the equation, the permanent difference is controlled for goodwill and other intangible assets, change in loss carryforwards, and the non-discretionary permanent difference that persist through time.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 350,
"width": 381,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PERMDIFF it = α 0 + β 1 INTANG it + β 2 ΔNOL it + β 3 LAGPERM it + ε it (1) Where: PERMDIFF it",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 180,
"top": 386,
"width": 305,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "= Total BTD less temporary BTD for firm i in year t: [BI it – (CTE it /STR it )] – (DTE it /STR it )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 411,
"width": 340,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BI it = Pretax income for firm i in year t CTE it = Current tax expense for firm i in year t DTE it = Deferred tax expense for firm i in year t STR it = The statutory tax rate for firm i in year t INTANG it = Goodwill and other intangible assets for firm i in year t ΔNOL it = Change in net operating loss for firm i in year t",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 487,
"width": 309,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LAGPERM it = One-year lagged PERMDIFF for firm i in year t",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 497,
"width": 387,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ε it = The permanent discretionary difference for firm i in year t This research, however, further adjusts the equation from Rachmawati & Martani (2014) as presented in equation (2) to control for final tax. The final tax is regulated for specific industries, and companies cannot freely choose whether to apply the final tax. On the other hand, companies in those specific industries must accept and comply with the final tax policy. Final tax is a non-discretionary item that must also be controlled for when determining permanent discretionary difference.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 598,
"width": 382,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PERMDIFF it = α 0 + β 1 INTANG it + β 2 ΔNOL it + β 3 LAGPERM it + β 3 FINAL it + ε it (2)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 621,
"width": 206,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Where: FINAL it = Final tax for firm i in year t",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 645,
"width": 106,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Independent Variable",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 658,
"width": 382,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This study employs a related-party transaction as an independent variable. Previous research on related-party transactions has measured related-party transactions based on combinations of related-party receivables, purchases, debt, or sales (Park, 2018; Azizah & Kusmuriyanto, 2016; Oktavia et al, 2012). Because this research studies business decisions related to strategy, customer, and product, the related-party transaction is measured based on related-party sales. It is the ratio of company sales to related party over total company sales for the company i in year t.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 216,
"top": 745,
"width": 275,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "𝑅𝑃𝑇𝑅𝐴𝑁 𝑖𝑡 = 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑦 𝑖𝑡 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑡 (3)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 125,
"top": 38,
"width": 363,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The Association Between Related Party Transaction and Tax Avoidance in Indonesia",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 471,
"top": 783,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "121",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 75,
"width": 87,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Control Variables",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 87,
"width": 385,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This research uses three controlled variables that have been proven to affect tax avoidance in previous studies: size, profitability, and leverage of the company (Darmawan & Sukartha, 2014; Arianandini & Ramantha, 2018; Lestari & Putri, 2017; Dewi & Noviari, 2017; Lionita & Kusbandiyah, 2017). Profitability is measured using the return on asset (ROA). Company size uses the natural logarithm of a total company asset, while leverage is measured by the ratio of total company liabilities to total company assets.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 208,
"top": 174,
"width": 281,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "𝑅𝑂𝐴 𝑖𝑡 = 𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑡 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑡 (4)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 207,
"width": 283,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐸 𝑖𝑡 = ln(𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑡 ) (5)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 193,
"top": 231,
"width": 297,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "𝐿𝐸𝑉𝐸𝑅𝐴𝐺𝐸 𝑖𝑡 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑡 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑡 (6)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 254,
"width": 202,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The research model in this study, as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 144,
"top": 264,
"width": 346,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "TAV it = α 0 + β 1 RPTRAN it + β 2 SIZE it + β 3 ROA it + β 4 LEVERAGE it + ε it (7)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 279,
"width": 35,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Where:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 292,
"width": 337,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "TAV it = Tax avoidance for the company i in year t. RPTRAN it = Related-party transaction for the company i in year t.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 317,
"width": 245,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SIZE it = Size for the company i in year t. ROA it",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 197,
"top": 330,
"width": 227,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "= Return on the asset for the company i in year t.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 343,
"width": 267,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LEVERAGE it = Leverage for the company i in year t. ε it",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 197,
"top": 355,
"width": 66,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "= Error term",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 386,
"width": 168,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 398,
"width": 382,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on purposive sampling was conducted, this study examines obtain 161 sampled companies from 2015 to 2017 (3 years). Thus, the total number of observations is 483 firm-year. The descriptive statistical analysis in this study is described by using the mean, maximum, minimum (minimum), and standard deviation (Std. Dev.). The summary of the results of descriptive statistics on the variables data in this study presented in Table 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 486,
"width": 374,
"height": 92,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 1 Descriptive Statistics TAV RPTRAN ROA SIZE LEV Mean 1.08E-17 0.112516 0.071762 28.71764 0.437264 Median -0.000917 0.004100 0.052478 28.68990 0.432955 Maximum 0.337142 1.000000 0.526704 33.19881 0.947561 Minimum -0.447181 0.000000 -0.097143 24.28605 0.007623 Std. Dev. 0.045551 0.224412 0.076683 1.707263 0.181582 Observations 483 483 483 483 483",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 581,
"width": 382,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Furthermore, the results of regression model selection tests (chow test, Lagrange multiplier test, Hausman test) suggest that the most appropriate regression model in this research is a fixed-effect model (FEM). The result of equation model regression as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 638,
"width": 322,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 2 Equation Model Regression Test Results Variable Coeff. Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C -0.1005 0.0144 -6.9401 0.000 *** RPTRAN -0.0181 0.0080 -2.2496 0.025 ** ROA 0.6186 0.0279 22.163 0.000 *** SIZE 0.0019 0.0004 4.5334 0.000 *** LEVERAGE 0.0019 0.0101 0.1967 0.844 R-squared 0.9009 Adj. R-squared 0.8498 F-statistic 17.635 Prob(F-statistic) 0.0000",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 38,
"width": 149,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AFEBI Accounting Review (AAR) Vol.04 No.02, December 2019",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 783,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "122",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 75,
"width": 382,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Discussion on the relation of the related-party transaction to tax avoidance From the hypothesis examination, this study suggests that related-party transaction is negatively related to tax avoidance. Thus, the hypothesis is rejected. Related-party transactions are transactions that are conducted by the company with individuals or entities who are related in some way to the reporting company. There are several categories of transactions. However, this research only specifies the sales of goods and services to related parties. Related-party transaction (RPTRAN) is measured by the ratio of the number of sales to related-party divided by total company sales. Based on the agency theory, managers protect their self-interest. According to previous studies, companies who engage in related-party transactions tend to alter and influence reported earnings at the expense of investors. However, the relation can be weakened when good corporate governance is introduced.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 226,
"width": 382,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Because tax is a form of cost to the company, companies have incentives to minimize tax to maximize after-tax returns. In a business group, companies engage in tax avoidance through income shifting using related-party transactions. By shifting income, they may reduce the total tax paid as a business group. That is done by shifting income from high-tax burden companies to low tax burden companies to take advantage of lower tax rates (for multinational companies which operate in different jurisdictions) or to take advantage of specific beneficial tax strategies, companies running operating losses, and tax credits (for companies in the same jurisdiction). Because of this, companies that have high related-party transactions are more likely to engage in tax avoidance activities.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 353,
"width": 382,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "However, that is not the case in Indonesia. This research found that related-party transaction is negatively related to tax avoidance. The higher the related-party transaction a company has, the lower the tax avoidance. Although business groups prefer to shift income from companies with high tax burdens to companies with low tax burdens, companies in Indonesia would slightly shift income in the same jurisdiction rather than across borders. Companies in Indonesia would slightly shift income in the same jurisdiction to take advantage of specific tax strategies than shift income across jurisdictions to take advantage of different (lower) tax rates. According to Nurhidayati and Fuadillah (2018), transfer pricing aggressiveness is not related to tax haven utilization in Indonesia. Companies would instead engage with thin capitalization than transfer pricing to shift income to tax haven countries. Based on that research, multinational companies in Indonesia do not prefer to shift income using related-party sales between jurisdictions to take advantage of lower tax rates (in this case, even tax haven countries). Companies may find that dealing with transfer pricing across different borders may pose more risk to the company than transfers within the borders.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 555,
"width": 382,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The fact that this research uses the abnormal book-tax difference as a measure of tax avoidance, and that final tax is taken into account as a non-discretionary item to arrive at the residual for abnormal BTD, is another evidence that companies prefer to engage in related-party sales within Indonesia to shift income. Based on the result of this research, higher related-party sales mean lower abnormal BTD. Because the final tax is determined as non-discretionary items that explain BTD, lower abnormal BTD may be caused by a high amount of final tax. Therefore, companies are suspected of shifting income to companies which are subject to final income tax or companies with special incentives. Because the final tax is only accounted for once, this could eliminate some risk of uncertainty from income tax in companies.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 682,
"width": 382,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The findings of this research contradict the findings of Park (2018) in Korea. Park (2018) found that the related-party transaction is positively related to tax avoidance. The more a company is engaged in related-party transactions, the more likely also that it would engage in tax avoidance. The study by Park (2018) uses a sample of South Korean companies. The difference of result between this research and that of Park (2018) may, in part, be because companies in South Korea have different tax regulations than in Indonesia. In South Korea, there is no final income tax, like the",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 125,
"top": 38,
"width": 363,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The Association Between Related Party Transaction and Tax Avoidance in Indonesia",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 471,
"top": 783,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "123",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 75,
"width": 382,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "one being applied in Indonesia to the knowledge of the researcher. Because of this, companies in South Korea may opt to shift their income across borders to countries with lower tax rates or tax havens.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 113,
"width": 382,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This research also contradicts with research in Indonesia by Azizah and Kusmuriyanto (2016) and Oktavia et al. (2012). Similar to Park (2018), they found that the related-party transaction is positively related to tax avoidance. Azizah and Kusmuriyanto (2016) use related-party debt to measure related-party transactions and BTD to measure tax avoidance. On the other hand, Oktavia et al. (2012) use related- party debt and related-party receivable to measure related-party transactions and ETR to measure tax avoidance. The use of BTD and ETR in both of those research to measure tax avoidance may not capture the effect of final tax as a non-discretional permanent difference, unlike the use of the measurement used in this research.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 226,
"width": 382,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The related-party transaction is negatively related to tax avoidance in Indonesia. This relation could be attributed to the fact that companies in Indonesia prefer to shift income in the same jurisdiction (within Indonesia) rather than across borders to a low tax country or even a tax haven country through transfer pricing. Because of the existence of final tax regulation, companies are incentivized to shift income to those companies that are subject to the final tax. Final tax, as the name implies, are final. It is not accounted for again in determining income tax payable for the fiscal year. Hence, there is certainty in the tax paid. Also, the rates of final tax in Indonesia is considered low, ranging from 0.1% to 6%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 346,
"width": 95,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. CONCLUSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 359,
"width": 382,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The hypothesis examination suggests that the related-party transaction is negatively related to tax avoidance. There are two reasons to explain this result. First, companies in Indonesia would slightly shift income in the same jurisdiction to take advantage of specific tax strategies than shift income across jurisdictions to take advantage of different (lower) tax rates. Companies may find that dealing with transfer pricing across different borders may pose more risk to the company than transfers within the borders. Second, the fact that this research uses the abnormal book-tax difference as a measure of tax avoidance, and that final tax is taken into account as a non-discretionary item to arrive at the residual for abnormal BTD, is another evidence that companies prefer to engage in related-party sales within Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 485,
"width": 382,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "However, this research has limitations. Based on purposive sampling was conducted, this study only uses a sample of 161 companies in three years. A much bigger sample with more than 161 companies with a period of more than three years would reduce statistical error. This research also uses a measure of tax avoidance that has never been applied in previous studies. Therefore, future research may extend the period of research object to add more observations and capture more comprehensively the relation of the related-party transaction on tax avoidance. Also, the future study may examine the relation of the related-party transaction on tax avoidance in the finance industry.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 599,
"width": 382,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Related-party transaction (through sales) is a good indication of whether a company is engaging in tax avoidance or not. Because the ratio of tax account- representative and tax auditor to the number of taxpayers is small, it is quite hard to determine the optimum choice of which taxpayer to scrutinize and supervise (by account representative) and which to audit (by auditors). To solve that problem, the Indonesian Tax Authority has started to implement risk-based audits to assist in determining which taxpayers need to be audited based on the risk of taxpayer’s noncompliance.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 701,
"width": 382,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The related-party transaction and even tax avoidance involve certain risks and uncertainty for the company. Based on this research, investors have a more comprehensive look at a company to determine whether or not to invest in a company based on company risk and the investor’s risk profile. Investors may look at the related-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 38,
"width": 149,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AFEBI Accounting Review (AAR) Vol.04 No.02, December 2019",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 783,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "124",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 75,
"width": 382,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "party transaction on more information about its inherent risk and how it relates to efforts by the company to lower corporate tax.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 114,
"width": 54,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "References",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 134,
"width": 383,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Alm, J. (2012). Measuring, explaining, and controlling tax evasion: lessons from theory, experiments, and field studies. International Tax and Public Finance , 19(1), 54–77.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 178,
"width": 382,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arianandini, P. W., & Ramantha, I. W. (2018). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage, Dan Kepemilikan Institusional Pada Tax Avoidance. E -Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana, 22(3), 2088–2116.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 222,
"width": 382,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arieftiara, D., Utama, S., Wardhani, R., & Ning, R. (2015). Analisis pengaruh strategi bisnis terhadap penghindaran pajak, bukti empiris di Indonesia. Simposium Akuntansi Nasional XVIII , 18(1), 1–27.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 266,
"width": 382,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Azizah, N., & Kusmuriyanto (2016). The effect of related party transaction, leverage, commissioners, and directors compensation on tax aggressiveness. Accounting Analysis Journal, 5(4), 307–16.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 310,
"width": 382,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bhuiyan, M. B. U., & Roudaki, J. (2018). Related party transactions and finance company failure: New Zealand evidence. Pacific Accounting Review , 30(2), 199–221.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 354,
"width": 382,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Darmawan, I. G. H., & Sukartha, I. M. (2014). Pengaruh penerapan corporate governance, leverage, return on assets, dan ukuran perusahaan pada penghindaran pajak. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana , 9(1), 143–61.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 398,
"width": 382,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dewi, N. L. P., & Noviari, N. (2017). Pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, leverage, profitabilitas dan corporate social responsibility terhadap penghindar pajak (tax avoidance). E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana , 21(1), 830–59.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 442,
"width": 382,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dewi, N. N. K., & Jati, I. K. (2014). Pengaruh karakter eksekutif, karakteristik perusahaan, dan dimensi tata kelola perusahaan yang baik pada tax avoidance di Bursa Efek Indonesia. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana , 6(2), 249–60.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 486,
"width": 382,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ferdiawan, Y., & Firmansyah, A. (2017). Pengaruh political connection, foreign activity, dan real earnings management terhadap tax avoidance. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan , 5(3), 1601-1624",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 530,
"width": 382,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Frank, M. M. Lynch, L. J., & Rego, S. O. (2009). Tax reporting aggressiveness and its relation to aggressive financial reporting. The Accounting Review , 84(2), 467– 96.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 574,
"width": 382,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Guenther, D. A., Matsunaga, S. R., & Williams, B. M. (2017). Is tax avoidance related to firm risk? The Accounting Review , 92(1), 115–36.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 605,
"width": 385,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hanlon, M., & Heitzman, S. (2010). a review of tax research. Journal of Accounting and Economics , 50(2–3), 127–78. Kenton, W. (2019). Related-Party Transaction.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 649,
"width": 299,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/related-partytransaction.asp.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 668,
"width": 382,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kirchler, E. (2007). The economic psychology of tax behaviour. New York: Cambridge University Press.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 699,
"width": 382,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kusuma, C. A., & Firmansyah, A. (2018). Manajemen laba, corporate governance, kualitas auditor eksternal dan agresivitas pajak. Jurnal Tekun , 8(1), 108-123.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 730,
"width": 382,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lestari, G. A. W, & Putri, I. G. A. M. A. D. (2017). Pengaruh corporate governance, koneksi politik, dan leverage terhadap penghindaran pajak. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana , 18(3), 2028–54.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 125,
"top": 38,
"width": 363,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The Association Between Related Party Transaction and Tax Avoidance in Indonesia",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 471,
"top": 783,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "125",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 75,
"width": 382,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lionita, A., & Kusbandiyah, A. (2017). Pengaruh corporate social responsibility, profitability, leverage, dan komisaris independen terhadap praktik penghindaran pajak pada perusahaan yang terdaftar Di BEI. Kompartemen: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi , XV(1), 1–11.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 131,
"width": 382,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mahtani, U.S. (2018). Related party transactions in India and their impact on reported earnings. The Journal of Developing Areas, 53(1), 165–78.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 163,
"width": 382,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Marchini, P. L., Mazza, T., & Medioli, A. (2018). Related party transactions, corporate governance, and earnings management. Corporate Governance (Bingley) , 18(6), 1124–46.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 207,
"width": 383,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nurhandono, F., & Firmansyah, A. (2017). Pengaruh lindung nilai, financial leverage, dan manajemen laba terhadap agresivitas pajak. Media Riset Akuntansi, Auditing",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 232,
"width": 117,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "& Informasi , 17(1), 31-52",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 250,
"width": 382,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nurhidayati, & Fuadillah, H. (2018). The influence of income shifting incentives towards the tax haven country utilization: case study on the companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan , 20(1), 27–38.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 294,
"width": 382,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pajriansyah, R., & Firmansyah, A. (2017). Pengaruh leverage, kompensasi rugi fiskal dan manajemen laba terhadap penghindaran pajak. Keberlanjutan, 2(1), 431-459.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 326,
"width": 382,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Park, S. (2018). Related party transactions and tax avoidance of business groups.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 338,
"width": 127,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sustainability, 10(10), 1-14.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 357,
"width": 382,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rachmawati, N. A. & Martani, D. (2014). Pengaruh large positive abnormal book-tax differences terhadap persistensi laba. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Indonesia , 11(2), 120–37.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 401,
"width": 382,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sari, D. K., Utama, S., Rossieta, H. (2017). Tax avoidance, related party transactions, corporate governance, and the corporate cash dividend policy. Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business Volume , 32(3), 190-208.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 445,
"width": 382,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Oktavia, Kristanto, S. B., Subagyo, & Kurniawati, H. (2012). Transaksi hubungan istimewa dan pengaruhnya. Jurnal Akuntansi ,12, 701–16.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 476,
"width": 382,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wardani, D. K., & Khoiriyah, D. (2018). Pengaruh strategi bisnis dan karakteristik perusahaan terhadap penghindaran pajak. Akuntansi Dewantara , 2(1), 25–36.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 508,
"width": 383,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Watts, R. L., & Zimmerman, J. L. (1986). Positive Accounting Theory . Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 539,
"width": 382,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wijayanti, A., & Chomsatu, Y. (2017). Pengaruh karakteristik perusahaan, GCG dan CSR terhadap penghindaran pajak. Journal of Economic and Economic Education, 5 (2), 113–27.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
770296ce-21b4-f4f3-78b2-046c0992f56a | https://jurnal.untirta.ac.id/index.php/yustisia/article/download/15107/8804 | [
{
"left": 57,
"top": 103,
"width": 488,
"height": 100,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "UNIVERSITAS SULTAN AGENG TIRTAYASA YUSTISIA TIRTAYASA JURNAL TUGAS AKHIR",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 232,
"width": 480,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Bagi Ibu Pengidap Baby Blues Syndrome Sebagai Pelaku Tindak Pidana Penganiayaan Terhadap Anak Kandungnya Saskia Dyah Hapsari, Yana Indawati",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 284,
"width": 481,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peran Pemerintah dalam Pengembangan UMKM Nasional dan Membangun Negeri di Pasar Internasional",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 309,
"width": 447,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Irfi Silvia Amanda, Maulana Shihabudin, Belardo Prasetya Mega Jaya, Mohammad Fasyehhudin",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 333,
"width": 481,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tinjauan Yuridis Persidangan Perkara Korupsi secara in Absentia Terhadap Terdakwa Daftar Pencarian Orang (DPO",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 359,
"width": 181,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Shinfani Kartika Wardhani, Waluyo",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 385,
"width": 480,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ketersediaan Ruang Laktasi di Pusat Perbelanjaan Modern Central Park Mall Jakarta sebagai Wujud Pemenuhan Hak Anak atas ASI Eksklusif Berdasarkan Permenkes RI Nomor 15 Tahun 2013 tentang Tata Cara Penyediaan Fasilitas Khusus Menyusui dan/atau Memerah ASI Riezky Dihita Riani, Nurikah, E. Rahmat Jazuli",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 450,
"width": 452,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penerapan E-Litigasi pada Perkara Perbuatan Melawan Hukum di Pengadilan Negeri Sidoarjo",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 463,
"width": 193,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nurfatin Yollandita Mandovi, Sutrisno",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 489,
"width": 481,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengawasan Dinas Perhubungan terhadap Retribusi Parkir Kota Serang dalam Peningkatan Pendapatan Asli Daerah Berdasarkan Peraturan Walikota Serang Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perparkiran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 527,
"width": 174,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bella Andani, Rila Kusumaningsih",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 553,
"width": 481,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Putusan Positive Legislature pada Mahkamah Konstitusi dan Implikasinya terhadap Asas Erga Omnes Praktik Rangkap Jabatan yang Dilakukan Wakil Menteri",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 579,
"width": 274,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adelia Rahmawati Putri, Anajeng Esri Edhi Mahanani",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 605,
"width": 480,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perlindungan Hukum bagi Anggota Arisan Online yang Dirugikan oleh Owner Arisan Online akibat Wanprestasi (Studi Kasus: Arisan Online Opslot Arisanco)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 631,
"width": 267,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Maria Gita Kartikasari Pribadi, Sri Maharani MTVM",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 657,
"width": 480,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Efektivitas Pemberian Dispensasi Kawin dalam Menekan Angka Pernikahan di bawah Umur selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Pengadilan Agama Magetan Ananda Yuliana Putri, Sutrisno",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 709,
"width": 481,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penjatuhan Sanksi Pidana Rehabilitasi bagi TNI Pelaku Penyalahgunaan Narkotika (Studi Putusan Kasasi Nomor 88/K/MIL/2015) Amellya Varizky Oktavy, Yana Indawati",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 207,
"width": 203,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume 2 Nomor 1, April 2022",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 791,
"width": 101,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yustisia Tirtayasa :",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": 805,
"width": 102,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Tugas Akhir",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 192,
"top": 790,
"width": 343,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume 2 Nomor 1 Hlm. 1-109 Serang, April 2022 E-ISSN 2807-1565 P-ISSN 2807-2863",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 234,
"width": 349,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "YUSTISIA TIRTAYASA JURNAL TUGAS AKHIR",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 300,
"width": 417,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa P-ISSN: 2807-2863| E-ISSN: 2807-1565",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 143,
"top": 351,
"width": 314,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Cover by the Following Indexer Institutions",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 197,
"top": 587,
"width": 204,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Google Scholar Garda Rujukan Digital (Garuda) Crossref Index Copernicus International",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 261,
"top": 656,
"width": 74,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dimensions",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 782,
"width": 7,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ii",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 433,
"top": 72,
"width": 93,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "P-ISSN: 2807-2863 E-ISSN: 2807-1565",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 100,
"width": 417,
"height": 84,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "YUSTISIA TIRTAYASA JURNAL TUGAS AKHIR Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 209,
"top": 196,
"width": 181,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume 2 Nomor 1, April 2022",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 231,
"width": 457,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yustisia Tirtayasa: Jurnal Tugas Akhir also known as Yustisia Tirtayasa is national peer review journal on legal studies. The journal aims to publish new work of the highest calibre across the full range of legal scholarship, which includes but not limited to works in the law and history, legal philosophy, sociology of law, Socio-legal studies, International Law, Environmental Law, Criminal Law, Private Law, Islamic Law, Agrarian Law, Administrative Law, Criminal Procedural Law, Commercial Law, Constitutional Law, Human Rights Law, Civil Procedural Law and Adat Law.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 246,
"top": 344,
"width": 107,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Editor in Chief",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 252,
"top": 362,
"width": 95,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Afandi Sitamala",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 239,
"top": 394,
"width": 122,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Managing Editor",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 255,
"top": 412,
"width": 88,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Chaula Luthfia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 245,
"top": 445,
"width": 108,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Editorial Team",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 212,
"top": 463,
"width": 175,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Prof. Dr. Hj. Palmawati Taher Prof. Dr. Dra. Hj. Faridatul Fauziah Dr. Rani Sri Agustina Dr. Fatkhul Muin M. Adil Muktafa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 249,
"top": 548,
"width": 102,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Editorial Staff",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 256,
"top": 566,
"width": 87,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Teguh Susanto",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 270,
"top": 599,
"width": 59,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Website",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 617,
"width": 290,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://jurnal.untirta.ac.id/index.php/yustisia/index",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 649,
"width": 45,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Email",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 668,
"width": 177,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 244,
"top": 700,
"width": 111,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Editorial Office",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 718,
"width": 413,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lt. 3 Faculty of Law, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Jl. Tirtayasa, Sindangsari, Kec. Pabuaran, Serang, Provinsi Banten",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 294,
"top": 782,
"width": 10,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "iii",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 131,
"top": 72,
"width": 396,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yustisia Tirtayasa Jurnal Tugas Akhir Yustisia Tirtayasa: Jurnal Tugas Akhir Volume 2 Nomor 1, April 2022",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 321,
"top": 100,
"width": 206,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "P-ISSN: 2807-2863| E-ISSN: 2807-1565 Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.51825/yta.v1i2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 175,
"width": 355,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yustisia Tirtayasa: Jurnal Tugas Akhir",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 209,
"top": 199,
"width": 181,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume 2 Nomor 1, April 2022",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 221,
"top": 235,
"width": 158,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "TABLE OF CONTENTS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 273,
"width": 409,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "About Yustisia Tirtayasa i Table Of Contents ii",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 319,
"width": 413,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Bagi Ibu Pengidap Baby Blues Syndrome Sebagai Pelaku TindakPidana Penganiayaan Terhadap Anak Kandungnya Saskia Dyah Hapsari, Yana Indawati 1",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 375,
"width": 385,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peran Pemerintah dalam Pengembangan UMKM Nasional dan Membangun Negeri di Pasar Internasional",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 401,
"width": 407,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Irfi Silvia Amanda, Maulana Shihabudin, Belardo Prasetya Mega Jaya, Mohammad",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 416,
"width": 414,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fasyehhudin 13 Tinjauan Yuridis Persidangan Perkara Korupsi secara in Absentia Terhadap Terdakwa Daftar Pencarian Orang (DPO) Shinfani Kartika Wardhani, Waluyo 20",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 500,
"width": 414,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ketersediaan Ruang Laktasi di Pusat Perbelanjaan Modern Central Park Mall Jakarta sebagaiWujud Pemenuhan Hak Anak atas ASI Eksklusif Berdasarkan Permenkes RI Nomor 15 Tahun2013 tentang Tata Cara Penyediaan Fasilitas Khusus Menyusui dan/atau Memerah ASI",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 554,
"width": 408,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Riezky Dihita Riani, Nurikah, E. Rahmat Jazuli 34",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 583,
"width": 414,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penerapan E-Litigasi pada Perkara Perbuatan Melawan Hukum di Pengadilan Negeri Sidoarjo Nurfatin Yollandita Mandovi, Sutrisno 44",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 640,
"width": 414,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengawasan Dinas Perhubungan terhadap Retribusi Parkir Kota Serang dalam PeningkatanPendapatan Asli Daerah Berdasarkan Peraturan Walikota Serang Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 tentangPenyelenggaraan Perparkiran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 679,
"width": 408,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bella Andani, Rila Kusumaningsih 54",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 709,
"width": 414,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Putusan Positive Legislature pada Mahkamah Konstitusi dan Implikasinya terhadap Asas ErgaOmnes Praktik Rangkap Jabatan yang Dilakukan Wakil Menteri",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 749,
"width": 408,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adelia Rahmawati Putri, Anajeng Esri Edhi Mahanani 62",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 294,
"top": 782,
"width": 10,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "iv",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 101,
"width": 414,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perlindungan Hukum bagi Anggota Arisan Online yang Dirugikan oleh Owner Arisan Onlineakibat Wanprestasi (Studi Kasus: Arisan Online Opslot Arisanco)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 128,
"width": 408,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Maria Gita Kartikasari Pribadi, Sri Maharani MTVM 74",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 157,
"width": 414,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Efektivitas Pemberian Dispensasi Kawin dalam Menekan Angka Pernikahan di bawah Umurselama Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Pengadilan Agama Magetan Ananda Yuliana Putri, Sutrisno",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 183,
"width": 417,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "84 Penjatuhan Sanksi Pidana Rehabilitasi bagi TNI Pelaku Penyalahgunaan Narkotika (Studi PutusanKasasi Nomor 88/K/MIL/2015) Amellya Varizky Oktavy, Yana Indawati 98",
"type": "Table"
}
] |
eec14d87-6e79-4eff-c082-c068a433b8eb | https://ejournal.stkipbudidaya.ac.id/index.php/ja/article/download/774/486 | [
{
"left": 333,
"top": 39,
"width": 209,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Serunai Ilmu Pendidikan Vol.8 No.2, Desember2022 e-ISSN 2621 – 2676, p-ISSN 2528 - 0775",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 522,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "146",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 93,
"width": 441,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERTIF TIPE STAD TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA PADA POKOK BAHASAN BANGUN RUANG SISI DATAR DI KELAS VIII SMP SWASTA BUDI UTOMO BINJAI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 183,
"top": 170,
"width": 235,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1 Ice Wirevenska, 2 Lilis Saputri, 3 Siti Hariani",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 232,
"top": 201,
"width": 137,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1,2,3 STKIP Budidaya Binjai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 217,
"width": 366,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1 [email protected] , 2 [email protected] , 3 [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 274,
"top": 251,
"width": 53,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 278,
"width": 485,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada pokok bahasan bangun ruang sisi datar di kelas VIII SMP Swasta Budi Utomo Binjai Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi eksperiment (eksperimen semu) dengan desain penelitian One Pretest- Posttest group design . Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP Swasta Budi Utomo Binjai, dan pengambilan dengan teknik random sampling . Kelas yang dijadikan sampel adalah kelas VIII-A sebagai kelas eksperimen yang diberikan model pembelajaran STAD . Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan uji regresi sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan data penelitian di analisis menggunakan uji regresi sederhana diperoleh F_hitung =1,642, sedangkan F_tabel = 4,149 pada taraf signifikan 5% sehingga F_hitung > F_tabel, maka H 0 ditolak dan H a diterima. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa pembelajaran matematika pada pokok bahasan bangun ruang sisi datar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran STAD berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 455,
"width": 415,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata Kunci : Model pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD, Kemampuan berpikir Kritis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 522,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "147",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 56,
"top": 60,
"width": 135,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "I. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 85,
"width": 232,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Matematika merupakan ilmu universal yang mendasari perkembangan teknologi modern dan mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting di berbagai disiplin ilmu. Mengingat peranan tersebut, matematika diajarkan dari tingkat Sekolah Dasar, Menengah, bahkan sampai Perguruan Tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 206,
"width": 233,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hal ini terlihat dari hasil tes awal yang dilakukan peneliti guna mengetahui kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa terhadap materi bangun ruang sisi datar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 180,
"top": 280,
"width": 109,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "siswa belum mampu menginterpretasikan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 180,
"top": 322,
"width": 109,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "siswa belum mampu menganalisa siswa belum mampu menjelaskan siswa belum mampu menyimpulkan dengan benar",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 488,
"width": 117,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 1. Jawaban siswa",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 503,
"width": 232,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Siswa belum mampu menginterpretasikan, siswa salah dalam menginterpretasikan soal, menganalisis, menjelaskan, menyimpulkan dengan benar, siswa hanya menulis seadanya.Terlihat dari gambar 1 dan penjelasannya bahwa kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa masih rendah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 614,
"width": 233,
"height": 154,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Matematika disadari sangat penting peranannya. Namun tingginya tuntutan untuk menguasai matematika tidak berbanding lurus dengan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dalam matematika. Kemampuan berpikir kritis matematika siswa rendah salah satunya disebabkan karena guru masih menggunakan paradigma pembelajaran lama dalam arti komunikasi dalam pembelajaran matematika cenderung berlangsung satu arah umumnya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 59,
"width": 233,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dari guru ke siswa, guru lebih mendominasi pembelajaran maka pembelajaran cenderung monoton sehingga mengakibatkan peserta didik (siswa) merasa jenuh dan bosan. Oleh karena itu membelajarkan matematika kepada siswa, guru hendaknya lebih memilih berbagai variasi pendekatan, strategi, metode yang sesuai dengan situasi sehingga tujuan pembelajaran yang direncanakan akan tercapai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 212,
"width": 233,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Seperti yang dikemukakan oleh Hakim bahwa: “Guru yang baik akan selalu berusaha untuk menerapkan suatu metode pengajaran yang benar-benar sesuai dengan kemampuan murid-muridnya. Guru itu pun akan selalu berusaha menetapkan suatu metode pengajaran yang akan membuat murid-muridnya senang dan bersemangat serta merasa mudah dalam mempelajari suatu bidang studi”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 365,
"width": 233,
"height": 154,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menyikapi permasalahan yang timbul dalam pembelajaran matematika pada sekolah tersebut, perlu dicari model pembelajaran yang mampu meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Model pembelajaran kooperatif merupakan salah satu dari keterampilan mengadakan variasi dalam mengajar. Seperti yang dikemukakan Trianto “pembelajaran kooperatif muncul dari konsep mereka saling berdiskusi dengan temannya”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 534,
"width": 233,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peneliti menerapkan model pembelajaran STAD sebagai salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran matematika. Pemilihan model pembelajaran STAD dikarenakan pada model STAD ini menekankan pada keterlibatan siswa secara langsung sehingga memungkinkan pembelajaran menjadi lebih bermakna.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 671,
"width": 152,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "A. Pembelajaran Kooperatif",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 697,
"width": 233,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Belajar dengan model kooperatif adalah suatu pembelajaran dimana para siswa dibagi menjadi beberapa kelompok kecil yang bekerja sebagai tim untuk menyelesaikan sebuah masalah, menyelesaikan sebuah tugas atau",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 522,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "148",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 59,
"width": 233,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "mengerjakan sesuatu untuk mencapai tujuan bersama. Hal ini bukan berarti bahwa dalam pembelajaran kooperatif para siswa duduk bersama dalam kelompok-kelompok kecil tetapi menyelesaikan secara sendiri-sendiri. Arends dalam Trianto juga mengatakan bahwa :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 178,
"width": 233,
"height": 172,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "“Pelajaran yang menggunakan pembelajaran kooperatif memiliki ciri-ciri sebagai berikut (1) siswa bekerja dalam kelompok secara kooperatif untuk menuntaskan materi belajar; (2) kelompok dibentuk dari siswa yang mempunyai kemampuan tinggi, sedang, dan rendah; (3) bila memungkinkan, anggota kelompok berasal dari ras, budaya, suku, jenis kelamin yang beragam; dan (4) penghargaan lebih berorientasi kepada kelompok dari pada individu”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 366,
"width": 226,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "B. Student Teams Achievement Division",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 381,
"width": 43,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(STAD)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 407,
"width": 233,
"height": 344,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metode STAD ( Student Teams Achievement division ) merupakan suatu metode pengajaran yang dilakukan guru di dalam kelas, di mana siswa ditempatkan dalam kelompok belajar yang beranggotakan empat atau lima orang yang pembagiannya dilakukan berdasarkan campuran tingkat prestasi. Metode STAD ini dikembangkan oleh Robeth Slavin dan kawan- kawannya dari Universitas John Hopkins.Slavin mengatakan bahwa: “pada STAD siswa ditempatkan dalam tim belajar beranggotakan 4-5 orang yang merupakan campuran menurut tingkat pretasi, jenis kelamin dan suku”. Selain itu TIM MKPBM UPI mengatakan:“Inti dari STAD ini adalah guru menyampaikan suatu materi, kemudian para siswa bergabung dalam kelompoknya yang terdiri atas empat atau lima orang untuk menyelesaikan soal-soal yang diberikan oleh guru. Setelah itu, mereka menyerahkan pekerjaannya secara tunggal untuk kepada guru”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 59,
"width": 233,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut Ibrahim, dkk dalam Trianto menjelaskan bahwa : Langkah-langkah pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD didasarkan pada langkah-langkah kooperatif yang terdiri atas enam langkah/fase, yaitu : (1)Menyampaikan tujuan dan memotivasi siswa ; (2) Menyajikan/ menyampaikan informasi ; (3) Mengorganisasikan siswa ke dalam kelompok-kelompok belajar ; (4) Membimbing kelompok bekerja dan belajar ; (5) Evaluasi ; (6) Memberikan penghargaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 244,
"width": 225,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "C. Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 270,
"width": 233,
"height": 202,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berpikir kritis berkaitan dengan aktif, terus menerus, serta pertimbangan yang cermat dari keyakinan atau pengetahuan dengan alasan yang mendukung dan kesimpulan lebih lanjut, menurut John Dewey dalam Fisher. Berdasarkan definisi berpikir kritis yang dikemukakan Dewey, berpikir kritis pada dasarnya adalah sebuah proses aktif dimana seseorang memikirkan hal-hal yang terlintas dalam diri sendiri, menimbulkan pertanyaan sendiri, menemukan informasi yang relevan, dan lain-lain dari pada belajar secara pasif dari orang lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 486,
"width": 233,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Definisi berpikir kritis sebagai pertimbangan yang cermat adalah untuk setiap pengambilan keputusan harus dilakukan secara cermat dan hati-hati serta memikirkan kemungkinan yang akan terjadi selanjutnya atau dampaknya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 592,
"width": 233,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kemampuan berpikir kritis yang mendasari pemikiran menurut Fisher, yaitu (a) mengenali masalah, (b) menemukan cara-cara yang dapat diterapkan untuk menemukan masalah, (c) mengumpulkan informasi yang terkait, (d) mengenali asumsi-asumsi dan nilai- nilai yang tersirat, (e) memahami dan menggunakan bahasa dengan akurasi, kejelasan,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 386,
"top": 719,
"width": 156,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dan deskriminasi, (f)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 734,
"width": 233,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "menginterpretasikan data, (g) menilai bukti dan mengevaluasi laporan, (h) mengakui adanya hubungan logis antara pernyataan-pernyataan,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 522,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "149",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 59,
"width": 232,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(i) menarik kesimpulan dan generalisasi, (j) menguji generalisasi dan kesimpulan yang didapat, (k) merekonstruksi pengalaman yang lebih luas, dan (l) membuat penilaian yang akurat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 149,
"width": 229,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "D. Teori Belajar yang Mendukung Pembelajaran Kooperatif",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 196,
"width": 153,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Teori konstruktivis Kognitif",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 222,
"width": 233,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perkembangan kognitif sebagian besar di tentukan oleh manipulasi dan interaksi aktif anak dengan lingkungan. Pengetahuan datang dari tindakan. Piaget yakin bahwa pengalaman fisik dan manipulasi lingkungan penting bagi terjadinya perubahan perkembangan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 318,
"width": 233,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sementara itu bahwa interaksi social dengan teman sebaya, khususnya berargumentasi dan berdiskusi membantu memperjelas pemikiran yang pada akhirnya membuat pemikiran itu menjadi lebih logis. (Nur dalam Trianto, 2014)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 407,
"width": 233,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut Piaget (Slavin dalam Trianto, 2014) perkembangan kognitif sebagian besar bergantung kepada seberapa jauh anak aktif memanipulasi dan aktif berinteraksi dengan lingkungannya. Berikut ini implikasi penting dalam model pembelajaran dari teori Piaget.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 512,
"width": 233,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Teori Piaget ini dikatakan mendukung model pembelajaran kooperatif, karena pada teori Piaget ini di kemukakan bahwa pada interaksi sosial dengan teman sebaya, dapat membantu perkembangan anak. Selain itu, Piaget mengasumsikan bahwa seluruh siswa tumbuh melewati urutan perkembangan yang sama, namun pertumbuhan itu berlangsung pada kecepatan yang berbeda. Sebab itu guru mampu melakukan upaya untuk mengatur kegiatan kelas dalam bentuk kelompok kecil dari pada bentuk kelas yang utuh. Hal ini menunjukan, teori ini mendukung pembelajaran kooperatif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 744,
"width": 135,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Teori kontruktivis sosial",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 59,
"width": 233,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sumbangan dari teori vigotsky adalah penekanan pada bakat sosio-kultural dalam pembelajaran. Menurutnya pembelajaran terjadi saat anak bekerja dalam zona perkembangan proksimal ( zone of proximal development ). Zona perkembangan proksimal adalah tingkat perkembangan sedikit di atas tingkat perkembangan seseorang pada saat ini. Sedangkan Nur dan Samami (Astuti dalam Isjoni, 2009) secara rinci mengemukakan yang di maksud “Zona Perkembangan Proksimal” adalah jarak antara tingkat perkembangan sesungguhnya dengan tingkat perkembangan potensial.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 292,
"width": 170,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "II. METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 308,
"width": 233,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen semu atau quasi eksperimen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 355,
"width": 233,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bentuk deasain yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Control Group Pre-test- Post-test, dengan pola sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 403,
"width": 230,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 1. Penelitian Control Group Pre-test-Post- test",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 447,
"width": 156,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "E O 1 X O 2 K O 1 O 2",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 500,
"width": 147,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(Sumber : Suhasimi Arikunto)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 532,
"width": 233,
"height": 106,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keterangan: E : kelas eksperimen K : kelas kontrol O 1 : Pretest kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa O 2 : Posttes t kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa X : Model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 643,
"width": 233,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Populasi penelitian ini adalah 128 siswa yang duduk dikelas VIII SMP Swasta Budi Utomo Binjai Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020. Sampel dalam penelitian ini dipilih dengan teknik random sampling . Peneliti mengambil kelas VIII-A sebagai kelas eksperimen dengan diberikan perlakuan model pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD . Dan kelas VIII-B",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 522,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "150",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 59,
"width": 233,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "sebagai kelas kontrol tanpa diberikan perlakuan model pembelajaran .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 91,
"width": 233,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dalam penelitian ini ada dua variabel yang akan diteliti, variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD . Variabel terikat dalam penelitian ini adalah kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 187,
"width": 179,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "III. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 202,
"width": 233,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analisis data hasil penelitian yang berupa tes kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dilakukan untuk membuktikan hipotesis penelitian yang telah diajukan, yaitu rata-rata kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa diajar dengan model pembelajaran STAD lebih baik daripada rata-rata kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran langsung. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh data kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dari hasil pretest dan posttest. Kemudian dilakukan uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas data pretest dan posttest pada kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 435,
"width": 232,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengujian normalitas data dilakukan dengan uji lilliefors dengan ketentuan jika maka disimpulkan bahwa sebaran data berdistribusi normal dan demikian sebaliknya. Uji normalitas data pretest kelas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 514,
"width": 58,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "eksperimen",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 513,
"width": 232,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "diperoleh ( ) ( ) . Dan untuk kelas kontrol diperoleh ( )",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 216,
"top": 545,
"width": 65,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "( ) .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 563,
"width": 232,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Data posttest kelas eksperimen diperoleh ( ) ( ) . Dan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 603,
"width": 229,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "untuk kelas kontrol diperoleh ( )",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 620,
"width": 64,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "( ) .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 647,
"width": 232,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Untuk menguji homogenitas dari data yang diperoleh selama penelitian, digunakan uji Fisher . Untuk kriteria pengujian data sampel adalah homogen jika pada taraf nyata",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 713,
"width": 232,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji homogenitas pretest pada kemampuan berpikir kritis kelas eksperimen",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 745,
"width": 198,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dan kontrol diperoleh ( ) ( ) dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 59,
"width": 233,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "data posttest kemampuan berpikir kritis kelas eksperimen dan kontrol diperoleh ) ( ) . Pengujian hipotesis ini diujikan dengan menggunakan Uji Regresi Sederhana dengan kriteria jika",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 151,
"width": 233,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "berarti ditolak dan diterima. Hasil perhitungan uji hipotesis penelitian ditunjukan pada tabel berikut ini: Tabel 2. Ringkasan Hasil Perhitungan Nilai Uji",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 230,
"width": 221,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Regresi Sederhana Variabel dk Kesim. Kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa 64 1,642 4,149 Ada pengaruh",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 333,
"width": 212,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan kriteria Uji Regresi Sederhana.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 359,
"width": 233,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dari hasil analisis data, nilai F hitung = 1,642 lebih besar dari F tabel = 4,149. Sehingga diperoleh bahwa hipotesis alternatif (Ha) diterima. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan tersebut disimpulkan bahwa terdapat Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran STAD Terhadap Kemampuan berpikir kritis Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Swasta Budi Utomo Binjai Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 651,
"width": 111,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 2. Nilai Posttest",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 682,
"width": 120,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "IV. KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 713,
"width": 232,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan penulis tentang pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada pokok bahasan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 518,
"width": 199,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "y = 0,1088x + 74,616 R² = 0,0519 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 50 100 Ses u d ah Sebelum Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis postest Linear (postest)",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 522,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "151",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 59,
"width": 232,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "bangun ruang sisi datar, maka penulis dapat menyimpulkan bahwa model ini memberikan dampak positif terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Hal ini didapatkan berdasarkan perhitungan uji hipotesis dimana",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 138,
"width": 233,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "( ) ( ) maka Ho di tolak atau Ha diterima. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran STAD Terhadap Kemampuan berpikir kritis Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Swasta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 220,
"width": 122,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Budi Utomo Binjai",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 194,
"top": 220,
"width": 96,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tahun Pelajaran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 236,
"width": 57,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2019/2020.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 286,
"width": 113,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 317,
"width": 232,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Suharsimi Arikunto. Dasar-dasar Evaluasi Pendidikan. (Jakarta : Bumi Aksara).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 349,
"width": 30,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2013.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 365,
"width": 232,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tim MKPBM Jurusan Pendidikan Matematika,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 381,
"width": 95,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2001. Strategi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 381,
"width": 190,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pembelajaran Matematika Kontemporer",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 413,
"width": 232,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Trianto, Model-model Pembelajaran Inovatif",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 429,
"width": 199,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berorientasi konstruktivis , (Jakarta: prestasi Pustaka, 2007)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 470,
"width": 232,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fisher Alec. (2009). Berpikir Kritis. Jakarta :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 491,
"width": 46,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Erlangga",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 512,
"width": 228,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Thursan Hakim, Belajar Secara Efektif , (Jakarta : Penerbit Puspa Swara, 2008)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 553,
"width": 232,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Slavin, R., Cooperative Learning Teori, Riset",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 574,
"width": 191,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dan Praktik , (Bandung : Nusa",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 595,
"width": 65,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Media,2008)",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
feb2311b-e63e-47bf-d3b9-44de24fa2e92 | https://ejournal.itn.ac.id/index.php/jati/article/download/6182/3664 | [
{
"left": 72,
"top": 48,
"width": 190,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JATI (Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 415,
"top": 50,
"width": 114,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Vol. 7 No. 1, Februari 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 509,
"top": 797,
"width": 18,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "218",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 82,
"width": 430,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PEMANFAATAN APLIKASI WHATSAPP SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DALAM PERKULIAHAN DI UIN SUMATERA UTARA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 123,
"width": 408,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Muhamad Alda, Fauzia Mahyarani, Ilham Prabowo, Lala Pricilia Sahfitri Program Studi Sistem Informasi S1, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara Jl. Lap. Golf No.120, Kp. Tengah, Kec. Pancur Batu, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara 20353 [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 273,
"top": 192,
"width": 51,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 214,
"width": 457,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dengan berkembangnya teknologi informasi dan komunikasi yang semakin maju, membuat beberapa rumpun ataupun sektor harus memanfaatkannya. Salah satuny adalah rumpun pendidikan, rumpun pendidikan hendaknya memanfaatkan media komunikasi sebagai media pembelajaran. Pada umumnya, proses pembelajaran dilakukan secara tatap muka di ruangan kelas. Mahasiswa UIN Sumatera Utara menggunakan metode pembelajaran blended learning yaitu pembelajaran yang dilakukan secara online dengan menggunakan aplikasi Whatsapp sebagai media pembelajarannya. WhatsApp merupakan suatu aplikasi yang mempunayi beberapa fungsi seperti menerima panggilan, panggilan video, mengirim pesan, mengirim foto dan menerima foto, mengirim video dan menerima video, dan juga berbagai file dokumen maupun pesan suara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah memanfaatkan aplikasi whatsapp sebagai media pembelajaran dalam perkuliahan di UIN Sumatera Utara sudah efektif dan efisien atau belum. Dengan melakukan pengamatan melalui whatsapp group serta wawancara dengan beberapa mahasiswa, pembelajaran menggunakan whatsapp sudah cukup efektif bagi mahasiswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 364,
"width": 351,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata kunci: Aplikasi, Whatsapp, Media Pembelajaran, Blended Learning, Mahasiswa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 387,
"width": 101,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 398,
"width": 219,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dilihat dari perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi yang semakin maju, rumpun pendidikan harusnya memanfaatkan media komunikasi sebagai media untuk menunjang pembelajaran agar pembelajaran dapat dilaksanakan dengan efektif dan efisien. Media sosial yang saat ini semakin maju dan berkembang adalah WhatsApp. WhatsApp adalah aplikasi banyak digunakan sebagai alat komunikasi dan dijadikan media pembelajaran dalam dunia pendidikan[1].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 513,
"width": 219,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dalam proses pembelajaran akan terjadinya komunikasi antar pengajar dengan mahasiswa. Pada umumnya, proses pembelajaran dilakukan dengan tatap muka di ruangan kelas. Akan tetapi, seiring dengan berkembangnya zaman, pembelajaran dapat dilakukan secara online dengan menggunakan berbagai media aplikasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 594,
"width": 219,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mahasiswa UIN Sumatera Utara di setiap angkatan dibagi menjadi beberapa kelas. Untuk itu, memanfaatkan aplikasi WhatsApp sebagai media untuk komunikasi dan pembelajaran sangatlah dibutuhkan. Dengan adanya fitur WhatsApp Group untuk mempermudah proses belajar mengajar merupakan salah satu pemanfaatan perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi dalam pendidikan[2].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 697,
"width": 219,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metode blended learning digunakan dalam perkuliahan yang dilakukan di UIN Sumatera Utara. Perkuliahan tatap muka di dalam kelas tetap dilaksanakan sesuai dengan ruang dan waktu yang sudah ditentukan, kemudian dikombinasikan dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 387,
"width": 219,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "memanfaatkan grup whatsApp sebagai sarana komunikasi pembelajaran yang dapat dilakukan dimana saja dan kapan saja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 421,
"width": 219,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat apakah aplikasi WhatsApp dapat dijadikan sebagai media pembelajaran dan dengan digunakannya aplikasi whatsapp apakah pembelajaran yang dilakukan sudah efektif dan efisien atau tidak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 491,
"width": 125,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 502,
"width": 184,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.1. Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 513,
"width": 225,
"height": 228,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Teknologi informasi dan informasi terdiri dari dua konsep yakni teknologi informasi dan teknologi komunikasi. Teknologi informasi adalah teknologi yang digunakan untuk keperluan pribadi, komersial, dan lainnya untuk mengolah data, termasuk menyusun, memproses, menyimpan, memperoleh dan memanipulasi data dengan macam-macamcara agar mendapatkan informasi yang berkualitas, berkualitas yang dimaksud yaitu informasi yang relevan, akurat, dan tepat waktu. tujuan. Ini adalah informasi strategis untuk manajemen dan pengambilan keputusan (Riwayadi, 2013). Teknologi yang digunakan untuk memfasilitasi komunikasi yang berhasil meliputi perangkat keras, perangkat lunak, proses, dan sistem. Teknologi komunikasi adalah instrumen teknologi yang digunakan untuk mendukung proses komunikasi (Harun, 2015). Alat transfer dan pemrosesan digunakan dalam teknologi komunikasi seperti dari satu perangkat ke perangkat lainnya, dan mengeluarkan data[3].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 48,
"width": 190,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JATI (Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 415,
"top": 50,
"width": 114,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Vol. 7 No. 1, Februari 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 509,
"top": 789,
"width": 18,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "219",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 81,
"width": 70,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.2. WhastApp",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 92,
"width": 219,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "WhatsApp adalah aplikasi yang memiliki fungsi untuk mengirim pesan instan (Instans Messenger) dengan menggandalkan layanan internet. WhatsApp salah satu aplikasi yang sangat populer di Indonesia. WhatsApp adalah aplikasi yang memiliki beberapa fungsi seperti untuk melakukan panggilan, panggilan video, mengirim dan menerima pesan foto, pesan foto maupun video, dan juga berbagai dokumen maupun pesan suara yang dapat didownload di handphone Android maupun iPhone menggunakan koneksi internet maupun menggunakan jaringan Wi-Fi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 231,
"width": 101,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.3. WhatsApp Group",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 242,
"width": 222,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "WhatsApp group merupakan salah satu fitur yang ada di aplikasi whatsapp dan paling banyak digunakan oleh tenaga pengajar. WhatsApp group memiliki beberapa manfaat diantaranya: 1. Whatsapp Group menawarkan beberapa fitur untuk pembelajaran secara kolaboratif. 2) Dapat membagikan komentar, esai, gambar, video, suara, dan dokumen melalui Grup WhatsApp. 3) Banyaknya fitu Whatsapp Group memudahkan untuk mengembangkan dan berbagi informasi dan pengetahuan. [4].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 369,
"width": 133,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 380,
"width": 222,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian evaluasi terhadap pemanfaatan aplikasi WhatsApp sebagai media pembelajaran dalam perkuliahan di UIN Sumatera Utara. Evaluasi yang dimaksud adalah evaluasi terhadap metode pembelajaran blended learning yang digunakan di beberapa mata kuliah. Alur penelitian dapat dilihat dengan jelas pada gambar 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 684,
"width": 108,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 1. Alur Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 707,
"width": 89,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3.1. Studi Literatur",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 718,
"width": 219,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan atudi literatur karena metode studi literatur merupakan rangkaian kegiatan mencari referensi kajian dan teori yang cocok atau relevan dengan permasalahan yang sedang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 81,
"width": 219,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "berkembang, dan mengumpulkan data dari kepustakaan untuk dianalisis dan dihitung, kemudian hasilnya dianalisis dan dijadikan dasar. atas hasil yang diperoleh, ditarik kesimpulan.[5].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 139,
"width": 106,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3.2. Pengumpulan Data",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 150,
"width": 219,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini dengan melakukan wawancara dengan mahasiswa UIN Sumatera Utara angkatan 2019. Penulis mewawancarai 50 mahasiswa mengenai aplikasi whatsapp sebagai media pembelajaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 219,
"width": 82,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3.3. Analisis Hasil",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 230,
"width": 219,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Data yang telah didapatkan dengan wawancara kemudian akan di analisis untuk mendapatkan kesimpulan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 277,
"width": 153,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 288,
"width": 222,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metode pembelajaran secara blended learning menggunakan whatsapp group dalam perkuliahan di UIN Sumatera Utara memberikan kenyamanan komunikasi antara dosen dan mahasiswa. Akan tetapi, muncul situasi yang mengakibatkan kurangnya tanggapan atau feedback antara dosen dan mahasiswa. Data penelitian dihimpun melalui pengamatan melalui whatsapp group perkuliahan dan wawancara dengan beberapa mahasiswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 391,
"width": 219,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dosen pengampu mata kuliah akan masuk ke dalam whatsapp group dari beberapa kelas yang berbeda. Whatsapp group akan dibuat berdasarkan permintaan dosen pengampu untuk mempermudah komukasi pembelajaran. Perkuliahan dilakukan secara blended learning dengan pembelajaran tidak hanya berlangsung di ruangan kelas secara tatap muka tetapi juga di whatsapp group.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 483,
"width": 219,
"height": 205,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Whatsapp digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran, mahasiswa dan dosen bisa membagikan atau mengupload semua materi perkuliahan, mendiskusikan dan mempresentasikannya. Lalu mahasiswa bisa menggunakan fitur forward untuk berbagi materi perkuliahan. Menggunakan Whatsapp untuk mengirimkan dokumen dalam bentuk Microsoft word, powerpoint, pdf dan excel jauh lebih mudah. Sebagai contoh penggunaannya yaitu dimana ketika kelompok belajar mahasiswa yang sudah diberikan tugas kelompok untuk membuat beberapa materi suatu mata kuliah yang sudah dirangkum ketika dosen menjelaskan, dan sewaktu-waktu ada anggota lainnya mmebutuhkan catatamnya karena belum lengkap, maka teman-teman lainnya bisa membagikannya dengan fitur forward. Fitur ini sangat membantu untuk mengirim ataupun meneruskan ke mahasiswa yang lain, tanpa harus membuka file di handphone.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 691,
"width": 219,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada waktu ketika pandemi yang mengharuskan pembelajaran jarak jauh, pada pemanfaatan aplikasi Whatsapp dapat menggunakan fitur voice note yang bisa dilakukan oleh dosen dan mahasiswa. Voice note bisa digunakan mahasiswa dalam memberikan pendapatnya apabila ada tes kemampuan mahasiswa dengan menggunakan fitur voice note. Dosen meniai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 48,
"width": 190,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JATI (Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 415,
"top": 50,
"width": 114,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Vol. 7 No. 1, Februari 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 509,
"top": 789,
"width": 18,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "220",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 81,
"width": 219,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dari segu bagaimana mahasiswanya mengemukakan pendapat tersebut secara lisan dengan fitur voice note[6].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 115,
"width": 219,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dari hasil pengamatan dan wawancara dengan beberapa mahasiswa, akan ada satu grup pembelajaran untuk satu mata kuliah. Adapun data hasil wawancara dengan mahasiswa UIN Sumatera Utara dapat dilihat pada tabel 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 184,
"width": 203,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 1. Data hasil wawancara dengan mahasiswa UIN Sumatera Utara",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 208,
"width": 207,
"height": 196,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "No Pertanyaan Setuju Tidak Setuju 1. Setuju atau tidak setuju, kuliah menggunakan metode blended learning dan menggunakan aplikasi whatsapp sebagai media pembelajarannya 34 16 2. Setuju atau tidak setuju, kuliah menggunakan aplikasi whatsapp lebih mudah memahami materi dari dosen 40 10 3. Setuju atau tidak setuju, kuliah menggunakan aplikasi whatsapp lebih menghemat waktu. 39 11 4. Setuju atau tidak setuju, kuliah menggunakan aplikasi whatsapp membuat lebih berani bertanya kepada dosen. 50 0",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 419,
"width": 219,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adapun berbagai hasil wawancara dengan mahasiswa antara lain:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 442,
"width": 219,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "“Saya kurang setuju kuliah pakai whatsapp grup karena saya harus kerja sambil kuliah, kadang saat waktu kuliah online saya sedang kerja. Jadi saat ada perkuliahan saya banyak ketinggalan informasi di whatsapp group.” Responden 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 497,
"width": 219,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "“Menurut saya dengan adanya perkuliahan dengan whatsapp grup sangat membantu saya untuk memahami materi.” Responden 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 532,
"width": 219,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "“Saya sebenarnya agak kurang setuju dengan kuliah menggunakan whatsapp grup, masa kita bayar uang kuliah mahal, terus materinya dikirim lewat file dari whatsapp aja.” Responden 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 580,
"width": 219,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "“Saya setuju kuliah dengan whatsapp grup dan dilakukan secara blended learning, karena hemat waktu untuk anak rantau terus juga bisa sambil kerja.” Responden 4.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 624,
"width": 219,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "“Saya kurang setuju pakai whatsapp grup karena whatsappkan pakai internet dan harga paket internet banyak yang mahal.” Responden 5.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 658,
"width": 219,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "“Setuju sih pakai whatsapp grup karena kalau dari whatsapp lebih berani menyampaikan pendapat dan mau nanya apapun itu berani ke dosen. Kalau secara tatap muka kadang takut gitu.” Responden 6.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 704,
"width": 219,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "“Saya lebih suka pembelajaran dilakukan di whatsapp grup karena lebih berani nanya materi ke dosen.” Responden 7.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 739,
"width": 219,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "“Saya setuju kuliah dengan metode blended learning dan dilakukan di wa grup ya. Karena sebagai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 81,
"width": 219,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "mahasiswa yang aktif organisasi dan volunteer seperti saya sangat terbantu dan tidak takut ketinggalan materi pembelajaran.” Responden 8.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 115,
"width": 219,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "“Untuk mahasiswa yang rumahnya jauh dari kampus, saya setuju kuliah dilakukan di wa grup. Selain menghemat waktu, saya juga bisa berkerja juga untuk menghasilkan uang.” Responden 9.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 159,
"width": 219,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "“Setuju, karena hemat waktu, juga lebih berani nanya kalau dari wa grup. Terus juga materinya bisa dilihat secara berulang dan bisa nyari kerjaan sampingan kalau dari wa grup.” Responden 10.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 207,
"width": 219,
"height": 205,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dari hasil diskusi dengan mahasiswa, perkuliahan dengan menggunakan aplikasi whatsapp sebagai media pembelajaran dan dilakukan dengan metode blended learning memiliki beberapa kelebihan dan kekurangan. Adapun kelebihan dari penggunaan aplikasi whatsapp sebagai media pembelajaran adalah (1) Mahasiswa lebih berani bertanya mengenai materi yang belum ia pahami. (2) Lebih menghemat waktu untuk mahasiswa yang tempat tinggalnya jauh. (3) Memudahkan dosen menyampaikan materi dan file- file pendukung pembelajaran lainnya. (4) Mahasiswa lebih punya waktu untuk memahami materi perkuliahan. Kekurangan pembelajaran dengan aplikasi whatsapp adalah (1) Biaya paket internet yang mahal. (2) Bentroknya jadwal perkuliahan dengan jadwal kerja. (3) Sebagian mahasiswa merasa percuma membayar uang kuliah jika pembelajaran dilakukan secara online menggunakan whatsapp.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 426,
"width": 152,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 437,
"width": 219,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penggunaan aplikasi WhatsApp sebagai sarana pengajaran perkuliahan di UIN Sumatera Utara sudah cukup efektif dari sudut pandang mahasiswa. Sudut pandang ini dipengaruhi oleh faktor pibadi dan keadaan, serta perhatian terhadap perkuliahan. Faktor pribadi meliputi karakteristik mahasiswa dalam berkomunikasi dan belajar. Faktor keadaan, seperti beban atau waktu kerja dan aturan penggunaan alat komunikasi di tempat tinggal. Sedangkan faktor perhatian terhadap perkulihan ditunjukkan dengan partisipasi aktif mahasiswa. Diharapkan untuk mengembangkan metode blended learning dengan lebih mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan media online seperti whatsapp dalam perkuliahan yang dilakukan di UIN Sumatera Utara.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 622,
"width": 91,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 633,
"width": 219,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[1] I. M. Pustikayasa, “Grup Whatsapp Sebagai Media Pembelajaran,” Widya Genitri J. Ilm. Pendidikan, Agama dan Kebud. Hindu , vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 53–62, 2019, doi: 10.36417/widyagenitri.v10i2.281.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 691,
"width": 219,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[2] P. Sari, L. N. Aini, A. F. Putri, and R. a Ghozali, “Persepsi Mahasiswa Terhadap Metode Pembelajaran Blended Learning Dengan Aplikasi Whatsapp Group Pada Mahasiswa Insud Lamongan,” MUDIR (Jurnal Manaj. Pendidikan) , vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 25–45, 2020.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 760,
"width": 219,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[3] I. I. Supianti, “Pemanfataan Teknologi Informasi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 48,
"width": 190,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JATI (Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 415,
"top": 50,
"width": 114,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Vol. 7 No. 1, Februari 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 509,
"top": 789,
"width": 18,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "221",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 81,
"width": 199,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dan Komunikasi (TIK) dalam Pembelajaran Matematika,” MENDIDIK J. Kaji. Pendidik. dan Pengajaran , vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 63–70, 2018, doi: 10.30653/003.201841.44.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 127,
"width": 219,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[4] E. Indaryani and D. Suliworo, “Dampak Pemanfaatan WhatsApp Dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Pada Pelajaran Fisika,” Pros. Semin. Nas. Quantum , vol. 25, pp. 25–31, 2018.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 184,
"width": 220,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[5] D. PILENDIA, “Pemanfaatan Adobe Flash Sebagai Dasar Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Fisika : Studi Literatur,” J. Tunas Pendidik. , vol.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 219,
"width": 198,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2, no. 2, pp. 1–10, 2020, doi: 10.52060/pgsd.v2i2.255.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 242,
"width": 220,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[6] M. A. Alaby, “Media Sosial Whatsapp Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh Mata Kuliah Ilmu Sosial Budaya Dasar (ISBD),” Ganaya J.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 276,
"width": 198,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ilmu Sos. Dan Hum. , vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 273–289, 2020.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
0c458d41-3f6f-25c8-3099-d711f85573fc | https://www.jurnalp4i.com/index.php/elementary/article/download/1413/1383 | [
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 252,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ELEMENTARY : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dasar Vol 2. No. 3, Juli 2022 P-ISSN : 2774-8014 E-ISSN : 2774-7034",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 779,
"width": 317,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright (c) 2022 ELEMENTARY: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dasar",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 524,
"top": 793,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "225",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 187,
"top": 104,
"width": 253,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENGGUNAAN MEDIA VIDEO DAN MODEL",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 118,
"width": 381,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MELALUI DISKUSI KELOMPOK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR ORGAN PENCERNAAN MANUSIA SISWA KELAS V",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 259,
"top": 145,
"width": 109,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MIN 2 LUMAJANG",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 256,
"top": 173,
"width": 115,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ARIS RAHMAWATI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 254,
"top": 187,
"width": 116,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MIN 2 Lumajang e-mail: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 283,
"top": 228,
"width": 61,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 242,
"width": 457,
"height": 232,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Situasi kelas dalam belajar IPA, situasinya tidak sama dengan belajar pengetahuan lainnya. Dalam belajar IPA siswa harus aktif dalam proses pembelajaran. Kenyataan di lapangan peran guru masih sangat dominan, siswa dipandang sebagai objek saja. Miskipun hal ini belum tentu salah, namun kenyataan di lapangan masih banyak siswa yang kesulitan dalam belajar IPA. Masalah tersebut perlu dicari jalan keluarnya, untuk itu perlu menerapkan model pembelajaran alternatif yang bisa mengaktifkan siswa, menyenangkan dan lebih bermakna. Apabila siswa belajar dengan senang diharapkan hasil belajar siswa meningkat. Salah satu model pembelajaran yang bisa mengaktifkan dan menyenangkan siswa adalah mengoptimalkan penggunaan media video dan model melalui diskusi kelompok. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ada atau tidak adanya peningkatan hasil belajar Organ Pencernaan Manusia. Indikator keberhasilan itu ditentukan sekurang-kurangnya 85 % siswa mendapat nilai minimal 65. Aktivitas kelompok skor yang didapat dari siklus ke siklus selalu naik. Disisi lain skor aktivitas guru dalam proses pembelajaran skor yang diperoleh minimal 75 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata, hasil tes awal sebesar 59,46, siklus I sebesar 65,75 dan rerata akhir siklus II sebesar 69,28. Sedangkan siswa yang tuntas belajar pada tes awal skor yang dicapai 46,43%, siklus I sebesar 71,42% dan siklus II sebesar 85,71%. Rerata Skor aktivitas guru dalam pembelajaran, siklus I sebesar 82,5% dan rerata siklus II sebesar 86,25%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 477,
"width": 284,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci: Media Video dan Model, Diskusi Kelompok",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 279,
"top": 504,
"width": 68,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 518,
"width": 457,
"height": 246,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Class situation in learning science, the situation is not the same as learning other knowledge. In learning science students must be active in the learning process. The reality in the field is that the teacher's role is still very dominant, students are seen as objects only. Even though this is not necessarily wrong, the reality in the field is that there are still many students who have difficulty in learning science. The problem needs to be found a way out, for that it is necessary to apply alternative learning models that can activate students, are fun and more meaningful. If students learn happily, it is expected that student learning outcomes will increase. One of the learning models that can activate and delight students is optimizing the use of video media and models through group discussions. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not there was an increase in learning outcomes of the Human Digestive Organ. The success indicator is determined that at least 85% of students get a minimum score of 65. Group activity scores obtained from cycle to cycle always increase. On the other hand the score of teacher activity in the learning process the score obtained is at least 75%. The results showed that the mean, the initial test results were 59.46, the first cycle was 65.75 and the final average of the second cycle was 69.28. Meanwhile, students who finished studying in the initial test scored 46.43%, the first cycle was 71.42% and the second cycle was 85.71%. The average score of teacher activity in learning, the first cycle is 82.5% and the second cycle average is 86.25%. Keywords: Video and Model Media, Group Discussion",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 252,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ELEMENTARY : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dasar Vol 2. No. 3, Juli 2022 P-ISSN : 2774-8014 E-ISSN : 2774-7034",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 779,
"width": 317,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright (c) 2022 ELEMENTARY: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dasar",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 524,
"top": 793,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "226",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 104,
"width": 96,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 118,
"width": 463,
"height": 397,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Khusniati (2014) pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar dalam kurikulum 2013 menerapkan pembelajaran tematik terpadu yang sangat disarankan penggunaannya dengan nama pembelajaran tematik terintegrasi. Pendekatanpembelajaran tematik integratif ini sebelumnya telah dikembangkan khusus untuk peserta didik berbakat dan bertalenta (gifted and talented), cerdas, program perluasan belajar, dan peserta didik yang belajar cepat. Dalam kurikulum 2013, peserta didik membutuhkan kesempatan-kesempatan tambahan (additional opportunities) agar dapat memanfaatkan bakat dan talentanya, menyediakan waktu bersama yang lain untuk secara cepat mengkonseptualisasi dan mensintesis. Pembelajaran di sekolah dasar yang terintegratif, diharapkan dapat mencapai kompetensi yang berimbang antara sikap (attitude), keterampilan (skill) dan pengetahuan (knowledge) yang dicapai melalui pembelajaran yang holistik dan menyenangkan. Keberhasilan guru dalam mengimplementasikan kurikulum 2013 diantaranya apabila mampu mengkaji, menggunakan, dan melengkapi buku guru sebagai sumber belajar utama. IPA di Sekolah Dasar seharusnya membuka kesempatan untuk memupuk rasa ingin tahu anak didik secara alamiah. Hal ini akan membantu mereka mengembangkan kemampuan bertanya dan mencari jawaban atas berdasarkan bukti serta mengembangkan cara berpikir ilmiah. Fokus program pengajaran IPA di MI hendaknya ditujukan untuk memupuk minat dan pengembangan anak didik terhadap dunia mereka dimana mereka tumbuh.Untuk mencapai tujuan dan memenuhi pendidikan IPA itu, pendekatan yang digunakan dalam proses belajar mengajar IPA antara lain ialah: Pendekatan Lingkungan, Pendekatan Keterampilan Proses, Pendekatan Inquiry (penyelidikan). Menurut Sumiyadi (2015) Penguasaan IPA melalui pembelajaran secara teoritis sangat ditentukan oleh kemampuan dan kreatifitas siswa dalam menguasai keterampilan proses sains. Siswa yang mempunyai keterampilan proses bagus maka prestasi akademiknya juga bagus. Menurut Suriyani (2017) Pembelajaran IPA di sekolah diharapkan agar siswa mempunyai keterampilan berpikir kritis dan memecahkan masalah. Sebab, keterampilan berpikir kritis bukanlah pembawaan manusia sejak lahir namun bisa ditumbuh kembangkan. Dalam hal ini, guru memegang peranan penting dalam usaha pengembangan keterampilan berpikir kritis khususnya pada mata pelajaran sistem pencernaan manusia, agar siswa dapat memiliki pengalaman bagaimana menemukan satu konsep.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 518,
"width": 457,
"height": 190,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil belajar (Sudjana, 2006) adalah kemampuan-kemampuan yang dimiliki peserta didik setelah ia menerima pengalaman belajarnya. Sedangkan hasil belajar kognitif menurut Bloom (Sudjana, 2006) adalah hasil belajar yang terdiri dari enam aspek yakni pengetahuan atau ingatan, pemahaman, aplikasi, analisi, sintesis, dan evaluasi. Sedangkan matematika (Subarinah, 2006) dapat didefinisikan sebagai ilmu pengetahuan yang mempelajari struktur yang abstrak dan pola hubungan yang ada di dalamnya. Matematika menurut Kline (Karso, dkk, 2008) bukan pengetahuan menyendiri yang dapat sempurna karena dirinya sendiri, tetapi keberadaannya untuk membantu manusia memahami, menguasai permasalahan sosial, ekonomi dan alam. Dengan demikian, peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa bahwa hasil belajar kognitif matematika merupakan perubahan kemampuan peserta didik secara intelektual yang terdiri dari enam aspek yakni pengetahuan atau ingatan, pemahaman, aplikasi, analisis, sintesis, dan evaluasi dalam ilmu pengetahuan yang mempelajari struktur yang abstrak dan pola hubungan di dalamnya yang dapat digunakan manusia untuk memahami persoalan dalam kehidupannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 711,
"width": 457,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berbicara masalah proses pembelajaran di sekolah kita guru sering kecewa, apalagi apabila dikaitkan dengan pemahaman siswa terhadap materi pembelajaran. Di lapangan siswa mampu menyajikan tingkat hafalan dengan baik terhadap materi yang diterima, namun kenyataannya siswa sering tidak mampu memahami secara mendalam pengetahuan yang bersifat hafalan tersebut. Pemahaman yang dimaksud adalah pemahaman siswa terhadap dasar",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 252,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ELEMENTARY : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dasar Vol 2. No. 3, Juli 2022 P-ISSN : 2774-8014 E-ISSN : 2774-7034",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 779,
"width": 317,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright (c) 2022 ELEMENTARY: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dasar",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 524,
"top": 793,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "227",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 104,
"width": 456,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kuantitatif dimana fakta-fakta saling berkaitan dengan kemampuannya untuk menggunakan kemampuan itu dalam situasi baru.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 132,
"width": 456,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebagian besar siswa kurang mampu menghubungkan antara apa yang dipelajari dengan bagaimana pengetahuan tersebut akan dipergunakan. Siswa mengalami kesulitan untuk memahami konsep akademik sebagaimana yang diajarkan, yaitu menggunakan sesuatu yang abstrak dan metode ceramah serta pemberian tugas saja. Untuk itu perlu dicari alternatif model pembelajaran yang lebih bermakna dan menyenangkan siswa, sehingga siswa bisa memahami konsep yang disajikan guru, sehingga tujuan pembelajaran bisa tercapai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 214,
"width": 457,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Di MI Negeri 2 Lumajang juga masih banyak siswa kelas V yang kesulitan memahami materi Organ Pencernaaan Manusia. Indikatornya adalah pada tahun pelajaran yang lalu nilai untuk materi pokok tersebut reratanya hanya mencapai 50,64.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 270,
"width": 134,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 283,
"width": 457,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian tindakan kelas ini mengambil subjek siswa Kelas V MIN 2 Lumajang , jumlahnya 15 siswa, terdiri dari 8 siswa putra dan 7 siswa putri. Hasil pengamatan sementara menunjukkan bahwa sekitar 40% siswa yang dapat menyelesaikan soal-soal Organ Pencernaan Manusia dengan baik. Karena itu perlu memilih pembelajaran yang lebih bermakna dan menyenangkan siswa, yaitu dengan menerapkan pembelajaran kontekstual. Peneliti adalah Guru kelas V MIN 2 Lumajang Kecamatan Tempeh. Dalam melakukan penelitian berkolaborasi dengan teman guru kelas VI di MIN 2 Lumajang .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 380,
"width": 457,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data dikumpulkan menggunakan instrumen-instrumen yang telah disiapkan (lembar tes, lembar pengamatan, catatan lapangan). Hasil pengumpulan data diharapkan bisa memenuhi triangulasi data yang cukup representatif. Data yang telah terkumpul dianalis menggunakan analisis deskriptif, kualitatif, dan kuantitatif. Data tersebut diambil dari hasil tes akhir siklus, lembar pengamatan, catatan lapangan dan ditabulasi secara sederhana. Tujuan pembelajaran tercapai atau tuntas jika minimal 85% siswa dalam kelas, minimal dapat nilai 60, ini sesuai dengan kriteria ketuntasan minimal yang telah ditentukan dalam KTSP MIN 2 Lumajang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 490,
"width": 158,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 504,
"width": 33,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 518,
"width": 60,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Siklus I",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 532,
"width": 396,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Hasil Tes Siklus I Nilai Jumlah Tuntas Belum Keterangan 75 1 ya Rerata = 60,67 Tuntas = 73,33% 70 1 ya 65 4 ya 60 5 ya 55 1 ya 50 3 ya",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 646,
"width": 168,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber : Hasil Tes Siklus I diolah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 660,
"width": 457,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari tabel 1 tentang hasil tes akhir siklus I terlihat, 73,33% siswa tuntas belajar sejumlah 11 siswa, sisanya masih belum tuntas. Rerata hasil tes siklus I sebesar 60,67 jika dibandingkan dengan kriteria ketuntasan minimal yaitu 60, nilai 60,67 cukup memuaskan, namun secara klasikal masih belum memenuhi persyaratan 85%. Oleh karena itu tujuan pembelajaran pada siklus I belum tercapai, jadi masih harus dilanjutkan pada siklus berikutnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 252,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ELEMENTARY : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dasar Vol 2. No. 3, Juli 2022 P-ISSN : 2774-8014 E-ISSN : 2774-7034",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 779,
"width": 317,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright (c) 2022 ELEMENTARY: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dasar",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 524,
"top": 793,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "228",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 248,
"top": 306,
"width": 130,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1. Hasil Siklus I",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 184,
"top": 334,
"width": 258,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2. Skor Aktivitas Siswa Siklus I Tindakan 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 348,
"width": 369,
"height": 211,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kelompok Skor Ideal Skor didapat Persentase A 16 10 62,25 B 16 11 68,75 C 16 9 56,25 D 16 11 68,75 Rerata 16 10,25 64,06 Skor Aktivitas Siswa Siklus I Tabel 3. Skor aktifitas siswa siklus I tindakan 2 Kelompok Skor Ideal Skor didapat Persentase A 16 11 68,75 B 16 12 75 C 16 11 68,75 D 16 12 75 E 16 11,5 71,875",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 562,
"width": 457,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam tabel 2 dan tabel 3 dapat dilihat dengan jelas bahwa skor aktifitas siswa rerata tindakan pertama 10,25 atau 64,06% pada tindakan kedua meningkat 11,5 atau tindakan 71,875% dengan keadaan ini dapat dikatakan aktifitas siswa meningkat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 124,
"width": 387,
"height": 169,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nilai 75 Nilai 65 Nilai 55 0 1 2 3 4 5 75 70 65 60 55 50 1 1 4 5 1 3 Nilai 75 Nilai 70 Nilai 65 Nilai 60",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 375,
"top": 283,
"width": 79,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nilai 55 Nilai 50",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 252,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ELEMENTARY : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dasar Vol 2. No. 3, Juli 2022 P-ISSN : 2774-8014 E-ISSN : 2774-7034",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 779,
"width": 317,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright (c) 2022 ELEMENTARY: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dasar",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 524,
"top": 793,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "229",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 181,
"top": 306,
"width": 264,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2. Skor Aktifitas siswa Siklus I tindakan 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 184,
"top": 576,
"width": 259,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 3 Skor aktifitas siswa Siklus I tindakan 2",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 238,
"top": 603,
"width": 151,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 4. Skor Aktifitas Guru",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 660,
"width": 457,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Skor aktifitas guru pada tindakan pertama perolehan skor 33 atau 82,5% dan tindakan kedua meningkat 34 dari skor ideal 40 atau 85%. Dari fakta tersebut guru ada usaha untuk memperbaiki proses pembelajaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 107,
"width": 394,
"height": 522,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Kelompok A Kelompok B Kelompok C Kelompok D Series 1 10,4 10,6 10,8 11 11,2 11,4 11,6 11,8 12 12,2 Kelompok A Kelompok B Kelompok C Kelompok D Series 1 Siklus/tindakan",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 618,
"width": 317,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Skor Ideal Skor didapat Keterangan I/1 40 30 75% I/2 40 32 80%",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 252,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ELEMENTARY : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dasar Vol 2. No. 3, Juli 2022 P-ISSN : 2774-8014 E-ISSN : 2774-7034",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 779,
"width": 317,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright (c) 2022 ELEMENTARY: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dasar",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 524,
"top": 793,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "230",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 181,
"top": 357,
"width": 265,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 4. Skor Aktifitas Guru Siklus I tindakan 1",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 181,
"top": 639,
"width": 265,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 5. Skor Aktifitas Guru Siklus I tindakan 2",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 666,
"width": 457,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Semula situasi kelas agak ramai, tetapi ramai bukan karena diskusi, tetapi ramai melihat temannya maju menimbang badan dan mengukur tinggi. Namun setelah diberi pengarahan guru dan kembali kekelompok masing-masing cukup kondusif. Ada beberapa siswa yang kurang aktif, sebabnya karena tidak diberi peran oleh teman lainnya. Keadaan ini bisa diatasi dengan penjelasan guru bahwa keberhasilan kelompok adalah keberhasilan bersama bukan keberhasilan oleh seorang dan sebaliknya. Dari hasil diskusi dengan kolaborator, disimpulkan bahwa berdasarkan hasil tes siklus I siswa yang mencapai tuntas belajar 73,33%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 130,
"top": 125,
"width": 374,
"height": 215,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Skor Ideal Perolehan Skor Skor Ideal Skor Perolehan",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 130,
"top": 407,
"width": 374,
"height": 215,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Skor Ideal Perolehan Skor Skor Ideal Skor Perolehan",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 252,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ELEMENTARY : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dasar Vol 2. No. 3, Juli 2022 P-ISSN : 2774-8014 E-ISSN : 2774-7034",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 779,
"width": 317,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright (c) 2022 ELEMENTARY: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dasar",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 524,
"top": 793,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "231",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 104,
"width": 456,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kesimpulannya adalah tujuan pembelajaran disiklus I ini belum tercapai. Karena itu perlu dilanjutkan pada siklus berikutnya dengan beberapa perbaikan pelaksanaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 145,
"width": 65,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Siklus II",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 159,
"width": 396,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 5. Hasil Tes Siklus II Nilai Jumlah Tuntas Belum Keterangan 80 1 ya Rerata = 66,33 Tuntas = 86,66% 75 2 ya 70 4 ya 65 3 ya 60 3 ya 55 2 ya",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 274,
"width": 142,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber : Hasil Tes Siklus II",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 287,
"width": 457,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Seperti terlihat pada tabel 5 siswa yang tuntas belajar mencapai 86,66%, terdapat kenaikan sebesar 13,33% dari ketuntasan pada siklus I. Rerata hasil tes mencapai 66,33 Rerata ini sedikit lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan rerata siklus I.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 239,
"top": 559,
"width": 150,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 6. Hasil tes siklus II",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 182,
"top": 586,
"width": 263,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 6. Skor Aktivitas Siswa Siklus II Tindakan 1",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 602,
"width": 376,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kelompok Skor Ideal Skor didapat Persentase A 16 12 75 B 16 13 81,25 C 16 12 75 D 16 12 75 Rerata 16 12,25 76,56 Skor Aktivitas Siswa Siklus II",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 353,
"width": 418,
"height": 193,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 nilai 80 nilai 75 nilai 70 nilai 60 nilai 55 Nilai 50 Nilai 80 Nilai 75 Nilai 70",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 485,
"top": 452,
"width": 30,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nilai 60 Nilai 55",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 485,
"top": 488,
"width": 30,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nilai 50",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 252,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ELEMENTARY : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dasar Vol 2. No. 3, Juli 2022 P-ISSN : 2774-8014 E-ISSN : 2774-7034",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 779,
"width": 317,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright (c) 2022 ELEMENTARY: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dasar",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 524,
"top": 793,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "232",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 178,
"top": 104,
"width": 283,
"height": 119,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 7. Skor Aktivitas Siswa Siklus II Tindakan 2 Kelompok Skor Ideal Skor didapat Persentase A 16 13 81,25 B 16 13 81,25 C 16 12 75 D 16 13 81,25 Rerata 16 12,75 79,69",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 243,
"width": 457,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Melihat tabel 6 dan tabel 7 dapat dilihat dengan jelas bahwa skor aktifitas siswa rerata tindakan pertama 12,25 dari skor ideal 16 atau 76,56% pada tindakan kedua meningkat 12,75 atau 79,69% dengan keadaan ini dapat dikatakan aktifitas siswa meningkat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 102,
"top": 301,
"width": 405,
"height": 448,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 7. Skor Aktifitas siswa siklus II tindakan 1 Gambar 8. Skor Aktifitas siswa siklus II tindakan 2 11,4 11,6 11,8 12 12,2 12,4 12,6 12,8 13 13,2 Kelompok A Kelompok B Kelompok C Kelompok D Series 1 11,4 11,6 11,8 12 12,2 12,4 12,6 12,8 13 13,2 Kelompok A Kelompok B Kelompok C Kelompok D",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 486,
"top": 636,
"width": 32,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Series 1",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 252,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ELEMENTARY : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dasar Vol 2. No. 3, Juli 2022 P-ISSN : 2774-8014 E-ISSN : 2774-7034",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 779,
"width": 317,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright (c) 2022 ELEMENTARY: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dasar",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 524,
"top": 793,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "233",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 240,
"top": 104,
"width": 148,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 8 Skor Aktifitas Guru",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 175,
"width": 457,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dibandingkan dengan siklus I baik tindakan pertama maupun kedua mengalami kenaikan. Pada tindakan pertama skor yang dicapai 35 kedua 36, atau masing-masing 87,5% dan 90%. Melihat data ini dapat dikatakan bahwa guru selalu berusaha untuk meningkatkan profesi kerjanya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 179,
"top": 471,
"width": 269,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 9. Skor Aktifitas Guru Siklus II tindakan 1",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 176,
"top": 689,
"width": 275,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 10. Skor Aktifitas Guru Siklus II tindakan 2",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 716,
"width": 457,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Situasi kelas saat pembelajaran berlangsung semula ramai, namun setelah diberi pengarahan oleh guru menjadi kondusif, artinya miskipun masih ramai, itu dalam kegiatan kerja. Kegiatan kerja kelompok terlihat semakin baik. Keadaan ini dibuktikan dengan semakin",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 148,
"top": 263,
"width": 340,
"height": 410,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Skor Ideal Perolehan Skor Skor Ideal Skor Perolehan 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Skor Ideal Perolehan Skor Skor Ideal Skor Perolehan",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 118,
"width": 78,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Siklus/tindakan",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 118,
"width": 319,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Skor Ideal Skor didapat Keterangan II/1 40 33 82,5% II/2 40 35 87,5%",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 252,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ELEMENTARY : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dasar Vol 2. No. 3, Juli 2022 P-ISSN : 2774-8014 E-ISSN : 2774-7034",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 779,
"width": 317,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright (c) 2022 ELEMENTARY: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dasar",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 524,
"top": 793,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "234",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 104,
"width": 457,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kompaknya antar anggota kelompok yang bersngkutan. Setiap anggota kelompok sadar bahwa keberhasilan kelompok merupakan keberhasilan bersama.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 132,
"width": 457,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil diskusi dengan kolaborator mengevaluasi jalannya proses pembelajaran dan proses kelompok selama siklus II, dengan melihat seluruh hasil pelaksanaan Siklus II serta data pendukung yang ada disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan pembelajaran dalam siklus II telah mencapai tujuan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 187,
"width": 457,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kegiatan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas sudah berakhir dengan segala kekurangan dan kelebihannya karena telah terbukti bahwa pembelajaran yang diterapkan dalam Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa, maka model pembelajaran semacam ini perlu ditindak lanjuti.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 242,
"width": 457,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Model pembelajaran ini tidak hanya pada mata pelajaran IPA saja, namun bisa dikembangkan pada semua mata pelajaran, dan semua kelas yang ada di MIN 2 Lumajang . Penerapan model pembelajaran ini selain untuk meningkatkan mutu pelajaran juga untuk memberi pengalaman pada guru-guru di sekolah yang bersangkutan yang pada akhirnya dapat meningkatkan prestasi sekolah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 311,
"width": 457,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hal ini sesuai dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Taqiya (2019) yang memperoleh nilai rata-rata pretest kelas eksperimen sebesar 62. Setelah diberi perlakuan, nilai rata-rata posttest mengalami peningkatan menjadi 80. Data tersebut didukung oleh analisis menggunakan analisis regresi linier sederhana, variabel x (model connected) mempengaruhi variabel y (hasil belajar IPA siswa) sebesar 57,1%. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh model pembelajaran terpadu tipe connected berbantu media video animasi terhadap hasil belajar kognitif IPA siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 408,
"width": 457,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selanjutnya penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Ambarwati (2017) hasil belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan pada setiap siklusnya, hal ini dibuktikan dengan rata-rata yang meningkat hasil belajar siswa, data awal rata-rata hasil belajar siswa pada 66,00 mengalami peningkatan pada siklus I menjadi 83,30, dan meningkat menjadi 91,74. Berdasarkan dari hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan media gambar dapat meningkatkan pembelajaran hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas VI SDN 004 Tembilahan Kota.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 504,
"width": 84,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 518,
"width": 457,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari hasil Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) di kelas V MIN 2 Lumajang menggunakan model penggunaan media Video dan Model dapat disimpulkan, sebagai berikut Pada siklus I, tujuan pembelajaran belum tercapai, sebab ketuntasan klasikal baru mencapai 53,33%. Baru pada siklus II setelah secara klasikal siswa yang tuntas belajar mencapai 86,66% tujuan pembelajaran tercapai, sebab sudah memenuhi persyaratan minimal. Hasil rerata kelas dari refleksi awal sampai siklus II selalu naik, rerata refleksi awal 58 rerata siklus I 60,67 dan rerata siklus II 66,33. Melihat data di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Mengoptimalkan Penggunaan Media Video dan Model Melalui Diskusi Kelompok dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar Organ Pencernaan Manusia siswa kelas V MIN 2 Lumajang semester ganjil 2014/2015.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 656,
"width": 113,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 670,
"width": 457,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ambarwati, R. 2017. Penggunaan Media Gambar Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Ipa Siswa Kelas Vi C Sdn 004 Tembilahan Kota. Primary : Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, Vol 6, No 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 711,
"width": 389,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Niken. 2010. Pembelajaran Multi Media di Sekolah . Jakarta, Prestasi Pustaka. Rahadi. 2003 . Media Pembelajaran , Jakarta : Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 739,
"width": 456,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rahmadianta, Firda. 2001. Pembelajaran Kooperatif . Jakarta : Model Terintegrasi Guru Biologi SLTP PPM SLTP. Direktorat Sekolah Lanjutan Pertama.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 766,
"width": 457,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Soewondo, Drs. 2003 . Interaksi Belajar Mengajar . Jakarta : Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 252,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ELEMENTARY : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dasar Vol 2. No. 3, Juli 2022 P-ISSN : 2774-8014 E-ISSN : 2774-7034",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 779,
"width": 317,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright (c) 2022 ELEMENTARY: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dasar",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 524,
"top": 793,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "235",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 104,
"width": 460,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumiyadi, Kasmadi Imam Supardi, Masturi. 2015. Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Ipa Berbasis Inkuiri Dan Berwawasan Konservasi. Journal of Innovative Science Education Vl. 4 No. 1 Hal. 1-8. Tersedia Pada: http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jise .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 159,
"width": 460,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suriyani, Henny Irma, Murni Sabilu, Safilu. 2017. Pengaruh Pembelajaran Terpadu Tipe ConnectedMenggunakan Pendekatan ScientificTerhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Pada Materi Sistem Pencernaan Manusia Di Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 10 Kendari. J.AMPIBI, 2(1) hal. (75 -83). Tersedia Pada:",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 214,
"width": 322,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://ojs.uho.ac.id/index.php/ampibi/article/download/5060/3781 .",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 228,
"width": 457,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Taqiya, T. B., Nuroso, H., & Reffiane, F. (2019). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Terpadu Tipe Connected Berbantu Media Video Animasi. MIMBAR PGSD Undiksha , 7(3). https://doi.org/10.23887/jjpgsd.v7i3.19492",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 270,
"width": 457,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Trianto. 2010. Model Pembelajaran Terpadu . Jakarta : Bumi Aksara. Wardhani, Sri. 2003. Materi Pembahasan Matematika SLTP . Yogyakarta : PPPG Matematika.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
6c1ea135-71a4-3a5f-a99e-7ecd9ff7a5e1 | https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative/article/download/3695/2664 | [
{
"left": 174,
"top": 789,
"width": 250,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright @ Wati, Masdar Mas ’ ud Junaiddin Zakaria",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 110,
"top": 42,
"width": 254,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "INNOVATIVE: Journal Of Social Science Research Volume 3 Nomor 4 Tahun 2023 Page 2006-2021 E-ISSN 2807-4238 and P-ISSN 2807-4246",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 110,
"top": 105,
"width": 282,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Website: https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 148,
"width": 431,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengaruh Perencanaan Anggaran dan Pelaksanaan Anggaran terhadap Penyerapan Anggaran Organisasi Perangkat Daerah Pada",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 227,
"top": 193,
"width": 142,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kabupaten Luwu Timur",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 192,
"top": 238,
"width": 211,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wati 1 ✉ , Masdar Mas’ud 2 , Junaiddin Zakaria 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 125,
"top": 260,
"width": 356,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar Email : [email protected] 1 ✉",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 321,
"width": 39,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 337,
"width": 479,
"height": 133,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan: (1). Untuk menganalisis pengaruh Perencanaan Anggaran terhadap Penyerapan Anggaran OPD di Kabupaten Luwu Timur. (2). Untuk menganalisis pengaruh Pelaksanaan Anggaran terhadap Penyerapan Anggaran OPD di Kabupaten Luwu Timur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Analisis deskriptif dan analisis Regresi Linier Berganda, dengan jumlah sampel selama lima tahun. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi linier berganda, maka Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1). Perencanan Anggaran berpengaruh positif dan signifikan Terhadap Penyerapan Anggaran (2) Pelaksanaan Anggaran berpengaruh positif dan signifikan Terhadap Penyerapan Anggaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 472,
"width": 415,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci: Perencanaan Anggaran; Pelaksanaan Anggaran; dan Penyerapan Anggaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 278,
"top": 511,
"width": 42,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 528,
"width": 480,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This research was conducted with the aim of: (1). To analyze the effect of budget planning on OPD budget absorption in East Luwu Regency. (2). To analyze the effect of Budget Execution on OPD Budget Absorption in East Luwu Regency. The research method used in this study is descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis, with a sample size of five years. Based on the results of multiple linear regression analysis, the results show that (1). Budget Planning has a positive and significant effect on Budget Absorption (2) Budget Execution has a positive and significant effect on Budget Absorption. Keywords: Budget Planning; Budget Execution; and Budget Absorption.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 789,
"width": 250,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright @ Wati, Masdar Mas ’ ud Junaiddin Zakaria",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 263,
"top": 43,
"width": 87,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 61,
"width": 458,
"height": 236,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berbeda dengan tahun-tahun sebelumnya, tahun 2020 merupakan tahun extraordinary akibat adanya pandemi covid-19. Kondisi pandemi tersebut secara langsung mempengaruhi prospek pertumbuhan ekonomi global sehingga beberapa lembaga internasional memprediksi ekonomi global mengalami resesi (Kementerian Keuangan, 2020). Selain membawa masalah kesehatan masyarakat, pandemi covid-19 juga berimplikasi sangat luas terhadap ekonomi, termasuk di Indonesia. Bahkan, kondisi tersebut pada akhirnya memaksa Pemerintah untuk menerbitkan sejumlah kebijakan untuk menangani covid-19 sekaligus menyelematkan perekonomian, antara lain melalui penerbitan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti UndangUndang Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2020 tentang Kebijakan Keuangan Negara dan Stabilitas Sistem Keuangan untuk Penanganan Pandemi Corona Virus Desease (Covid-19) dan/atau dalam rangka Menghadapi Perekonomian Nasional dan/atau Stabilitas Sistem Keuangan, termasuk turunan peraturan teknisnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 301,
"width": 458,
"height": 254,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selain itu, pemerintah juga memberlakukan kebijakan pembatasan sosial seperti pembatasan sosial berskala besar (PSBB) dan pemberlakuan pembatasan kegiatan masyarakat (PPKM). Kebijakan-kebijakan tersebut pada akhirnya turut mempengaruhi mekanisme kerja di sektor pemerintah dengan penerapan skema kerja dari rumah (Working from Home/WFH). Konsep WFH kemudian diterapkan sebagai bagian dari pola kerja dalam tatanan baru (Mungkasa, 2020). Selain dari sisi pola kerja, pemerintah juga menerapkan kebijakan penyesuaian dan refocusing anggaran untuk penanggulangan pandemi covid-19 sesuai dengan Surat Menteri Keuangan Nomor S-302/MK.02/2020 tanggal 15 April 2020 Hal Langkah-Langkah Penyesuaian belanja K/L Tahun 2020. Dalam kebijakan tersebut, anggaran belanja kementerian/lembaga (K/L) perlu dihemat, terutama dari anggaran kegiatan perjalanan dinas dan belanja barang lainnya serta belanja fisik (belanja modal) yang kurang prioritas atau dapat ditunda. Dalam pelaksanaan penghematan anggaran tersebut juga mempertimbangkan pola kerja baru akibat pandemi covid-19.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 559,
"width": 458,
"height": 199,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dampaknya, K/L perlu melakukan penyesuaian kegiatan agar dapat menjalankan tugas dan fungsinya serta mencapai target kinerja yang telah ditetapkan. Undang- Undang (UU) Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah menyebutkan pemerintah daerah adalah kepala daerah sebagai unsur penyelenggara pemerintahan daerah yang memimpin pelaksanaan urusan pemerintahan yang menjadi kewenangan daerah otonom. Dalam urusan penyelenggaraan daerah harus menimbang bahwa penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah diarahkan untuk mempercepat terwujudnya kesejahteraan masyarakat melalui peningkatan pelayanan, pemberdayaan, dan peran serta masyarakat, serta peningkatan daya saing daerah dengan memerhatikan prinsip demokrasi, pemerataan, keadilan, dan kekhasan suatu daerah dalam sistem Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 102,
"top": 761,
"width": 430,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peran pemerintah daerah juga turut melaksanakan desentralisasi, dekonsentrasi,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 789,
"width": 250,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright @ Wati, Masdar Mas ’ ud Junaiddin Zakaria",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 41,
"width": 465,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dan tugas pembantuan sebagai wakil pemerintah di daerah otonom. Begitu juga pun menyangkut masalah efisiensi dan efektivitas penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah perlu ditingkatkan dengan lebih memerhatikan aspek-aspek hubungan antara pemerintah pusat dengan daerah dan antar daerah, potensi dan keanekaragaman daerah, serta peluang dan tantangan persaingan global dalam kesatuan sistem penyelenggaraan pemerintahan negara. Agar sistem penyelenggaraan pemerintah dari suatu daerah dapat mencapai kategori efektif dan efisien, maka dibuatlah suatu pengelolaan keuangan daerah. Pengelolaan keuangan daerah sendiri merupakan aspek penting yang menjadi kunci kemajuan suatu daerah jika dikelola secara cermat dan tepat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 206,
"width": 458,
"height": 255,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam asas umum pengelolaan keuangan daerah yang disebutkan dalam Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri (Permendagri) Nomor 13 Tahun 2006 Pasal 4 ayat (1) yaitu keuangan daerah dikelola secara tertib, taat pada peraturan perundang-undangan, efektif, efisien, ekonomis, transparan, dan bertanggung jawab dengan memerhatikan asas keadilan, kepatutan, dan manfaat untuk masyarakat. Keuangan daerah merupakan hak dan kewajiban dari setiap daerah untuk mencari sumber pendapatan daerah berupa pungutan pajak daerah, restribusi atau sumber penerimaan lain sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dan kewajiban daerah, didalam pengeluaran dana demi pelaksanakan semua urusan pemerintah di daerah. Keuangan daerah menjadi bagian dari keuangan negara yang dituangkan dalam bentuk Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (APBN) dan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah (APBD), sesuai UU No. 17 Tahun 2003 tentang Keuangan Negara yaitu pada pasal 16 ayat 1 menyebutkan APBD merupakan wujud pengelolaan keuangan daerah yang ditetapkan setiap tahun dengan peraturan daerah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 464,
"width": 458,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "APBD merupakan suatu bentuk nyata rencana kerja keuangan daerah yang komprenhensif yang mengkaitkan penerimaan dan pengeluaran pemerintah daerah yang dinyatakan dalam bentuk uang (anggaran), untuk mencapai tujuan yang direncanakan dalam jangka waktu tertentu dalam satu tahun anggaran (periode anggaran). Hal ini menunjukkan APBD digunakan pemerintah daerah sebagai acuan dalam hal penerimaan (pendapatan) dan pengeluaran yang menyangkut hal-hal penyelenggaraan pemerintahan yang ada di daerah. Perubahan sistem pemerintahan dan pengelolaan pembangunan daerah pada era otonomi daerah dan desentralisasi tentunya akan menimbulkan perubahan yang mendasar dalam perencanaan pembangunan daerah, dibandingkan dengan era sentralisasi orde baru. Perubahan dasar yang terjadi pada era otonomi menyangkut dua hal pokok, yaitu dalam hal desentralisasi pembangunan dan desentralisasi fiskal (Sjafrizal, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 686,
"width": 458,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dengan beralihnya sebagian besar proses pengambilan keputusan dalam perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi penyelenggaraan pemerintahan dari pusat ke daerah, pemerintah daerah bertanggung jawab secara penuh terhadap kebijakan- kebijakan dasar yang diperlukan bagi pembangunan daerah (S un’an & Senuk, 2015.). Perencanaan pembangunan pada dasarnya adalah cara atau teknik untuk mencapai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 789,
"width": 250,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright @ Wati, Masdar Mas ’ ud Junaiddin Zakaria",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 41,
"width": 458,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "tujuan pembangunan secara tepat, terarah dan efisien sesuai dengan kondisi negara atau daerah (Sjafrizal, 2017,). Penganggaran merupakan proses atau metode untuk mempersiapkan suatu anggaran. Tahap penganggaran sangat penting karena anggaran yang tidak efektif dan tidak berorientasi pada kinerja akan menggagalkan perencanaan yang sudah disusun (Mardiasmo, 2002,). Dalam perencanaan anggaran sektor publik, di era reformasi ditandai dengan lahirnya era New Public Management (NPM), hal ini merupakan usaha untuk mendorong pengembangkan perencanaan dengan pendekatan yang sistematis (Mardiasmo, 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 188,
"width": 458,
"height": 181,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Anggaran kinerja adalah sebuah sistem anggaran yang mengutamakan pencapaian output dari input yang ditetapkan. Anggaran kinerja didasarkan pada tujuan dan sasaran kinerja. Penerapan sistem anggaran kinerja dimulai dengan perumusan program serta penentuan indikator kinerja yang digunakan sebagai tolak ukur dalam mencapai tujuan program yang telah ditetapkan (Mardiasmo, 2002,). Dalam anggaran berbasis kinerja, untuk melaksanakan program/ kegiatan, harus terukur jelas indikator kinerjanya, yang direpresentasikan kedalam tolak ukur kinerja serta target/ sasaran yang diharapkan, sehingga akan ada keterkaitan antara dana yang tersedia dengan hasil yang diharapkan, hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan cara membangun sistem penganggaran yang memadukan antara perencanaan kinerja dan anggaran (Suhadak & Nugroho, 2007,).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 372,
"width": 458,
"height": 236,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fenomena yang terjadi dilapangan yang terkait dengan perencanaan dan pelaksanaan masih terdapat kesenjangan. Banyak hal yang dapat menyebabkan tidak terlaksananya konsistensi perencanaan dan penganggaran (Sjafrizal, 2017,), antara lain sebagai berikut: Penyusunan RKPD sejak awal sudah tidak konsisten dengan penyusunan rancangan APBD; Terbatasnya anggaran yang tersedia sehingga program dan kegiatan yang di RKPD tidak dapat di dukung anggaran; dan Adanya kekuatan tertentu baik di eksekutif maupun legislatif yang mengubah program kegiatan yang direncanakan. Selain itu dalam prakteknya sering dijumpai adanya perencanaan jangka panjang yang tidak terkait dengan perencanaan jangka pendek. Anggaran tahunan disusun tanpa berlandasakan pada program yang telah ditetapkan, sehingga proses pengukuran kinerja suatu organisasi menjadi tidak terarah dan tidak fokus. Hal ini dapat mengakibatkan kinerja organisasi yang dihasilkan bukan kinerja organisasi sesungguhnya, sehingga disebut menjadi bersifat semu (artificial performance) (Mahsun dkk., 2016,).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 612,
"width": 458,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fenomena perilaku penyusun anggaran yang memasukkan self-interest serta kepentingan kelompoknya dalam alokasi belanja APBD menjadi hal yang menarik untuk diteliti dari sudut pandang teori keagenan. Penyusunan anggaran daerah menjadi faktor kunci dalam merealisasikan kewajiban serta kebijakan pemerintah daerah dalam mewujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Berbagai permasalahan muncul karena jumlah kebutuhan yang harus diakomodir relatif banyak, sementara sumber daya yang dimiliki pemerintah terbatas. Kondisi ini semakin diperparah karena proses penyusunan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah (APBD) merupakan tahapan politis yang melibatkan pihak eksekutif serta legislatif dengan kepentingan yang berbeda. Kebijakan anggaran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 789,
"width": 250,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright @ Wati, Masdar Mas ’ ud Junaiddin Zakaria",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 41,
"width": 458,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menjadi ajang perebutan kepentingan oleh pihak-pihak yang terlibat pada proses penyusunan anggaran (Sujaie, 2013)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 78,
"width": 458,
"height": 272,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Oleh karena itu, pengelolaan keuangan di SKPD harus dilaksanakan secara akuntabel, transparan, dan partisipatif, diawali dengan penyusunan anggaran dan diakhiri dengan pertanggungjawaban serta diiringi dengan pengawasan. Semua aspek pengelolaan ini dilaksanakan secara mandiri oleh pemerintah daerah (Pemda) (N. Huda, A. R. Mus, and J. S. Tjan, 2022) , namun kinerja keuangan SKPD sendiri belum banyak dikaji secara empiris. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan-permasalahan tersebut diatas, dengan menggunakan Teori New Public Management (NPM) sebagai pendekatan dalam anggaran berbasis kinerja yang berfokus pada manajemen kinerja sektor publik, dengan menggunakan konsep anggaran berbasis kinerja sebagai tanggungjawab untuk merumuskan program yang konsisten dengan tujuan pembangunan, selain itu juga mengacu pada dasar regulasi yang digunakan Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2004, Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 8 Tahun 2008, dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 12 Tahun 2019. Stewardship Theory adalah penggambaran kondisi manajer tidak termotivasi oleh tujuan individu tetapi lebih ditujukan pada sasaran hasil utama mereka untuk kepentingan organisasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 354,
"width": 458,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Seorang manajer dikondisikan sebagai pelayanan (steward) yang termotivasi untuk bertindak sesuai keinginan pemilik (principal) dan manajer tidak akan meninggalkan organisasi sebab steward akan berusaha mencapai sasaran organisasi (Donaldson dan Davis,1997). Pada teori ini seorang manajer dibentuk agar selalu bersedia melayani. Teori ini menjelaskan bahwa kepentingan bersama dijadikan dasar pengambilan keputusan seorang manajer. Teori relevan lainnya adalah Agency Theory. Penggunaan teori keagenan telah dipergunakan secara luas baik di sektor privat maupun sektor publik. Teori keagenan dipergunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan principal agen dalam kaitannya dengan penganggaran sektor publik (Sri wahyu Hidayati, M. Mas’ud, and S. Sjarlis,) . Di sektor pemerintahan, satuan kerja dapat dinyatakan sebagai agen dari pemerintah karena satuan kerja dibutuhkan untuk menghasilkan suatu output bagi masyarakat pada tingkatan tertentu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 575,
"width": 458,
"height": 199,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ketepatan pengeluaran anggaran dapat diinterpretasikan sebagai komponen kontrak antara pemerintah sebagai principal dan satuan kerja sebagai agen. Tujuan pemerintah adalah untuk memudahkan satuan kerja dalam mengimplementasikan pelaksanaan program kegiatan yang telah ditetapkan dan satuan kerja sebagai agen harus dapat menunjukkan kinerja yang baik dengan melaksanakan kegiatan yang telah direncanakan secara tepat. Beberapa pnelitian yang dapat dijadikan sebagai rujukan yang berhubungan dengan penelitian ini antara lain Ferdinan,dkk (2020), Zarinah, (2016), Dahana, (2020), Hutama, dan Yudianto, (2019), dengan temuan positif signifikan. Namun dalam penelitian Andriaty, dan Permana, (2020), yang melakukan penelitian di Irjen Kementerian Dalam Negeri, menunjukkan bahwa faktor perencanaan, faktor administrasi, faktor pengadaan barang dan jasa, serta faktor regulasi terbukti memiliki pengaruh",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 789,
"width": 250,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright @ Wati, Masdar Mas ’ ud Junaiddin Zakaria",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 41,
"width": 458,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "negatif dan signifikan terhadap keterlambatan anggaran pada Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 78,
"width": 462,
"height": 143,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian yang berhubungan dengan pelaksanaan anggaran yang dilakukan oleh Musiega, (2022), yang melakukan penelitian di Kenya menunjukan bahwa pelaksanaan anggaran yang buruk menyebabkan penyerapan anggaran yang sangat terlambat. Saragih, dkk, (2022), yang melakukan penelitian terhadap OPD di Kabupaten Pematang Siantar menemukan bahwa pelaksanaan Anggaran berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penyerapan anggaran. Sementara dalam penelitian lainnya yang dilakukan oleh Abdullah, dan Junita, (2020), yang meneliti pada OPD di Kabupaten Gayo Luwes, Total Belanja dan Varians belanja sebelumnya berpengaruh negatif terhadap Kinerja Anggaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 225,
"width": 458,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Atas dasar kesenjangan inilah maka penelitia tertarik untuk meneliti kembali variabel-variabel yang sama dengan menambahkan variabel independen perilaku oportunistik penyusun anggaran. Fenomena perilaku penyusun anggaran menarik untuk diteliti lebih lanjut, karena masih ditemui beberapa penyimpangan meskipun secara formal mekanisme penyusunan anggaran telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang. Penyimpangan yang ditemukan seperti modifikasi alokasi anggaran untuk kepentingan politis, memasukkan usulan proyek besar dengan harapan mendapat kompensasi fee project (Jumaidi, 2014). Penelitian Sujaie (2013) juga menemukan bahwa peningkatan belanja hibah dan bantuan sosial dimanfaatkan oleh penyusun anggaran untuk kepentingan politis terutama pada masa pemilihan umum. Kondisi ini pun rentan menimbulkan korupsi (political corruption) akibat penyalahgunaan dana untuk kepentingan pribadi dan kelompoknya (Martinez et al., 2004).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 249,
"top": 467,
"width": 114,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 485,
"width": 457,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif yaitu menggambarkan dan menjelaskan pengaruh Perencanaan Anggaran, Pelaksanaan Anggaran, terhadap Penyerapan Anggaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 540,
"width": 125,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jenis dan Sumber Data",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 559,
"width": 427,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Adapun jenis data yang digunakan dalam pembahasan ini adalah sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 576,
"width": 457,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "▪ Data Kuantitatif, yaitu data yang berbentuk angka-angka dan dapat dihitung, antara lain data jumlah konsumen, serta data lainnya yang menunjang pembahasan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 613,
"width": 457,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "▪ Data Kualitatif, yaitu data yang tidak berbentuk angka-angka, melainkan hanya berupa informasi baik berupa lisan maupun tulisan sebagai pendukung dalam penulisan. Sedangkan sumber data yang diperlukan dalam penelitian ini, bersumber dari :",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 705,
"width": 64,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data Primer",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 725,
"width": 457,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data primer adalah data yang diperoleh melalui pengamatan secara langsung pada objek penelitian serta dengan melakukan penyebaran kuisener, kepada Responden yang tersebar di beberapa OPD.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 789,
"width": 250,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright @ Wati, Masdar Mas ’ ud Junaiddin Zakaria",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 40,
"width": 79,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data Sekunder",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 59,
"width": 457,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data Sekunder adalah data yang diperoleh dari literature, dokumen-dokumen penting yang berhubungan langsung dengan penelitian ini atau hasil-hasil penelitian lainnya yang berhubungan dengan masalah penelitian ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 114,
"width": 139,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teknik Pengumpulan Data",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 133,
"width": 457,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk mendapatkan data yang diperlukan dalam rangka melakukan analisis terhadap pembuktian jawaban sementara atau hipotesis dari permasalahan yang dikemukakan dalam penelitian ini, maka peneliti menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 206,
"width": 457,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Observasi, yaitu teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan jalan melakukan pengamatan secara langsung terhadap objek yang diteliti.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 243,
"width": 457,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Kuesioner, yaitu teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan jalan mengumpulkan jawaban dari para responden melalui pertanyaan secara terstruktur yang diajukan dalam bentuk tertulis.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 299,
"width": 111,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Populasi dan Sampel",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 317,
"width": 457,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder selama lima tahun. Data sekunder yang dimaksud disini adalah data tentang perencanan Anggaran, Pelaksanaan Anggaran dan Penyerapan Anggaran selama lima tahun sebagai berikut Metode Analisis Data",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 391,
"width": 457,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setelah data dikumpulkan dan diolah, proses selanjutnya adalah melakukan pengujian terhadap hipotesis atau jawaban sementara dengan menggunakan metode analisis sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 446,
"width": 111,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Analisis Deskriptif",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 464,
"width": 439,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis deskriptif, yaitu suatu analisis yang dilakukan untuk memberi gambaran tanggapan responden atas pengaruh variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen yaitu penyerapan anggaran..",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 520,
"width": 114,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Analisis kuantitatif",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 538,
"width": 457,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam penelitian ini, analisis kuantitatif yang digunakan adalah analisis Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 236,
"top": 578,
"width": 140,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 595,
"width": 458,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis regresi linier berganda dalam penelitian ini digunakan sebagai alat analisis untuk menguji hipotesis penelitian, sekaligus menjawab masalah dalam penelitian ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 239,
"top": 632,
"width": 129,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel. 5. Analisis Regresi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 649,
"width": 475,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Coefficients a Model Unsta standardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 5,423 ,730 7,429 ,000 Perencanaan (RKA) ,492 ,124 ,653 3,968 ,002 Pelaksanaan (DPA) ,307 ,132 ,306 2,326 ,042 a. Dependent Variable: Penyerapan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 789,
"width": 250,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright @ Wati, Masdar Mas ’ ud Junaiddin Zakaria",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 40,
"width": 140,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil Olah data SPSS-2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 59,
"width": 458,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 5 diatas diketahui bahwa nilai konstanta yaitu b0 = 5,423, Koefisien variabel Perencanaan Anggaran (X1) sebesar 0,492, koefisien variabel Pelaksanaan Anggaran (X2) sebesar 0,307, sehingga persamaan regresi dapat dilihat sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 113,
"width": 172,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Y = 5,423+ 0,492 X1 + 0,307 X2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 132,
"width": 458,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nilai konstanta yaitu b0 = 5,423, mempunyai arti bahwa, apabila variabel Perencanaan Anggaran (X1) Pelaksanaan Anggaran (X2) tidak mengalami perubahan, maka besarnya penyerapan Anggaran pada OPD di Kabupaten Luwu Timur sebesar 5,423 atau 54,23%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 205,
"width": 458,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "▪ Koefisien variabel Perencanaan Anggaran (X1) sebesar 0,492, hal ini berarti bahwa apabila Perencanaan Anggaran ditingkatkan dengan baik sebesar 1, rupiah, maka akan meningkatkan penyerapan Anggaran sebesar 0,492, atau 49,2% pada organisasi perangkat Daerah di Kabupaten Luwu Timur, dengan asumsi bahwa variabel X2 dalam keadaan konstan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 296,
"width": 462,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "▪ Koefisien variabel Pelaksanaan Anggaran (X2) sebesar 0,307, hal ini berarti bahwa apabila pelaksanaan anggaran dapat ditingkatkan sebesar 1 rupiah, maka akan meningkatkan penyerapan anggaran sebesar 0,307 atau 30,7% dengan asumsi variabel X1 dalam keadaan konstan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 369,
"width": 67,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Hipotesis",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 387,
"width": 98,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji F (Uji Simultan)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 405,
"width": 458,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengujian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui bagaimana variabel independent (bebas) yang terdiri dari Perencanaan Anggaran, (X1) Pelaksanaan Anggaran (X2) secara simultan (bersama sama) berpengaruh terhadap penyerapan anggaran Pada OPD di Kabupaten Luwu Timur.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 248,
"top": 478,
"width": 111,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel, 7. Uji Simultan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 499,
"width": 469,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ANOVA a Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression ,001 2 ,000 12,609 ,000 b Residual ,000 2 ,000 Total ,001 4",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 607,
"width": 185,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Dependent Variable: Penyerapan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 627,
"width": 332,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Predictors: (Constant), Pelaksanaan (DPA), Perencanaan (RKA)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 664,
"width": 461,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada tampilan out put SPSS diatas diperoleh nilai F-hitung = 12.609 > Ftabel = 5,79 (df 1 = 2, df2 = 2) serta memiliki tingkat signifikansi 0,000. Karena probabilitas 0,000 jauh lebih kecil dari 0,05, maka dapat dikatakan bahwa model regresi yang telah digunakan ini dapat meningkatkan penyerapan Anggaran pada OPD di kabupaten Luwu Timur.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 789,
"width": 250,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright @ Wati, Masdar Mas ’ ud Junaiddin Zakaria",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 40,
"width": 57,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Parsial)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 59,
"width": 458,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara parsial dari masing-masing variabel independen Perencanaan Anggaran (X1) Pelaksanaan Anggaran (X2) terhadap Penyerapan Anggaran, maka dapat dilihat dalam tabel berikut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 255,
"top": 113,
"width": 96,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel.8. Uji Parsial",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 130,
"width": 64,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Coefficients a",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 146,
"width": 465,
"height": 125,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 5,423 ,730 7,429 ,000 Perencanaan (RKA) ,492 ,124 ,653 3,968 ,002 Pelaksanaan (DPA) ,307 ,132 ,306 2,326 ,042",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 271,
"width": 185,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Dependent Variable: Penyerapan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 289,
"width": 205,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Variabel Perencanaan Anggaran X1",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 308,
"width": 458,
"height": 142,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang menguji pengaruh perencanaan anggaran terhadap Penyerapan Anggaran, diperoleh nilai t hitung = 3.968 > t tabel = 2.131 dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0,002, lebih kecil jika dibandingkan dengan tingkat signifikan α = 5%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa secara perhitungan statistik Perencanaan Anggaran berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penyerapan Anggaran pada OPD Di kabupaten Luwu Timur.. Dengan demikian hipotesis pertama yang menyatakan bahwa Perencanaan Anggaran Berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penyerapan anggaran terbukti (H1 diterima).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 454,
"width": 200,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Variabel Pelaksanaan Anggaran X2",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 472,
"width": 458,
"height": 143,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang menguji pengaruh pekaksanaan anggaran terhadap Penyerapan Anggaran, diperoleh nilai t hitung = 2.326 > t tabel = 2.131 dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0,042, lebih kecil jika dibandingkan dengan tingkat signifikan α = 5%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa secara perhitungan statistik Pelaksanaan Anggaran berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penyerapan Anggaran pada OPD Di kabupaten Luwu Timur.. Dengan demikian hipotesis kedua yang menyatakan bahwa Pelaksanaan Anggaran Berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penyerapan anggaran terbukti (H1 diterima).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 636,
"width": 69,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 655,
"width": 347,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengaruh Perencanaan Anggaran Terhadap Penyerapan Anggaran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 673,
"width": 458,
"height": 106,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dinyatakan bahwa perencanaan anggaran berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penyerapan anggaran. Hal ini berarti bahwa semakin baik perencanaan anggaran yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah, maka semakin baik pula tingkat penyerapan anggaran. Dengan nilai koefisien 0,492 menunjukan bahwa apabila perencanaan itu dapat dilaksanakan dengan baik maka secaralinieritas akan memberikan efek yang nyata terhadap penyerapan anggaran. Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan teori",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 789,
"width": 250,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright @ Wati, Masdar Mas ’ ud Junaiddin Zakaria",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 40,
"width": 458,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "agency disektor publik bahwa Konsep Teori keagenan memandang bahwa pemerintah daerah sebagai agent bagi masyarakat (principal) akan bertindak dengan penuh kesadaran bagi kepentingan masyarakat, serta memandang bahwa pemerintah daerah tidak dapat dipercaya untuk bertindak dengan sebaik-baiknya bagi kepentingan masyarakat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 132,
"width": 458,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam agency theory terdapat dua pihak yang melakukan kesepakatan atau kontrak, yakni pihak yang memberikan kewenangan yang disebut principal dan pihak yang menerima kewenangan yang disebut agent (Halim dan Abdullah 2006). (Sri wahyu Hidayati, M. Mas’ud, and S. Sjarlis,), menjelaskan dalam penelitiannya Di sektor pemerintahan, satuan kerja dapat dinyatakan sebagai agen dari pemerintah karena satuan kerja dibutuhkan untuk menghasilkan suatu output bagi masyarakat pada tingkatan yang sekajhtera. Dalam hal ini menurut N. Huda, A. R. Mus, and J. S. Tjan (2022), pengelolaan keuangan daerah harus dilaksanakan dengan transparan dan akuntabel. Secara teoritis hasil penelitian ini juga mendukung pandangan teoritis dari penelitian N. M. Rida, Mursalim, and A. Nurwanah (2023), maupun Dahana (2020), bahwa organisasi sektor publik dibangun atas prinsip agency theory.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 332,
"width": 458,
"height": 125,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam prakteknya sering sering terjadi problem diantara keduanya. Agency problem muncul ketika principal mendelegasikan kewenangan pengambilan keputusan kepada agent (Ngu Yen 2020). Hubungan keagenan ini menimbulkan permasalahan, yaitu adanya informasi asimetris, dimana salah satu pihak mempunyai informasi yang lebih banyak daripada pihak lainnya. Teori ini juga berlaku pada praktek pengelolaan anggaran didaerah, dimana para pengguna anggaran lebih banyak memiliki informasi daripada kuasa anggaran, sehingga hal ini berpotensi terjadi asimetris informasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 460,
"width": 458,
"height": 253,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selain teori agency, maka hasil penelitian ini juga sesuai dengan teori new publik menejemen bahwa dalam tata kelola pengelolaan keuangan menghadirkan perubahan pada sistem anggaran tradisional yang kaku, birokratis, dan hierarkis menjadi lebih fleksibel dan berpihak pada kepentingan masyarakat (Mardiasmo, 2009). Sedangkan, NPM dalam tata kelola pelayanan publik menghadirkan perubahan pada administrasi publik tradisional menjadi peningkatan kualitas pelayanan publik menuju kesejahteraan bersama. Hasil ini juga sesuai dengan penelitian Sri Haryani, dkk (2023), bahwa teori NPM sngat relevan dengan pengelolaan keuangan daerah saat ini. Berdasarkan pada hasil peneltian dan pendekatan teori, maka hasil ini sudah sesuai dengan teori penaggaran dari Mardiasmo (2016) perencanaan anggaran merupakan pernyataan mengenai estimasi kinerja yang hendak dicapai selama periode waktu tertentu yang dinyatakan dalam ukuran finansial. Hasil penelitian ini sesuai dengan penelitian Musiega, (2022), yang melakukan penelitian di Kenya menunjukan bahwa pelaksanaan anggaran yang buruk menyebabkan penyerapan anggaran yang sangat terlambat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 716,
"width": 458,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian lainnya yang jalan adalah penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Ferdinan, dkk. (2020). Zarinah dkk, (2016), Ermawati, (2020), Christin Andriaty, Dudi Permana, (2020), Rio Juanda dkk, (2022), bahwa perencanaan anggaran berpengaruh terhadap penyerapan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 789,
"width": 250,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright @ Wati, Masdar Mas ’ ud Junaiddin Zakaria",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 40,
"width": 458,
"height": 234,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "anggaran. Saragih, dkk (2022), yang melakukan penelitian terhadap OPD di Kabupaten Pematang Siantar menemukan bahwa pelaksanaan Anggaran berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penyerapan anggaran. Sementara dalam penelitian lainnya yang dilakukan oleh Abdullah, dan Junita, (2020), yang meneliti pada OPD di Kabupaten Gayo Luwes, Total Belanja dan Varians belanja sebelumnya berpengaruh negatif terhadap Kinerja Anggaran. Hasil penelitian ini bertolak belakang dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Sasmita Atika Sari Harahap, Taufeni Taufik, dan Nurazlina, (2020), yang meneliti 34 OPD di Dumai, dengan menggunakan data primer Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perencanaan anggaran, pelaksanaan anggaran dan kompetensi sumber daya manusia berpengaruh negatif terhadap tingkat penyerapan anggaran. Sementara itu, pencatatan administrasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap tingkat penyerapan anggaran. Pengaruh variabel independen untuk menggambarkan variabel dependen adalah 43,4% sedangkan sisanya 56,6% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 278,
"width": 458,
"height": 343,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil penelitian ini berimplikasi linier teoritis, sebagaimana penelitian Sri Haryani, dkk (2023), menjelaskan dalam penelitiannya bahwa Sistem manajemen kinerja NPM sektor publik memiliki tujuh karakteristik, yaitu: (1) membuat rencana strategis terkait dengan proses perencanaan organisasi tahunan; (2) menetapkan tujuan dan sasaran organisasi setiap tahun; (3) pengembangan indikator kinerja individu dan organisasi; (4) pengembangan dan implementasi kerangka perencanaan organisasi yang komprehensif; (5) pengembangan dan implementasi proses evaluasi pribadi; (6) hubungkan strategi dan tujuan organisasi; dan (7) pengembangan dan implementasi tinjauan manajemen dan kerangka evaluasi kinerja. NPM memastikan bahwa pusat perhatian pimpinan tidak hanya berfokus pada aspek manajemen dan keuangan tetapi juga juga berfokus pengelolaan sumber daya efektif dan efisien. Dalam pandangan yang lain menurut R. Yamin, M. Mas’ud, and S. Sjarlis (2022), menjelaskan Tahap perencanaan dan penganggaran pembangunan didasarkan pada sejumlah undang-undang, yakni UU Nomor 17 Tahun 2003 tentang Keuangan Negara (UU KN), UU Nomor 25 Tahun 2004 tentang Sistem Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (UU SPPN), UU Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 Pemerintahan Daerah (UU Pemda), dan UU Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Desa (UU Desa), beserta peraturan turunannya seperti peraturan menteri. Undang- undang tersebut beserta turunannya mempunyai filosofi yang berbeda dalam memaknai proses perencanaan pembangunan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 625,
"width": 458,
"height": 142,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "UU KN menjadikan program sebagai filosofinya, sedangkan UU SPPN menjadikan fungsi sebagai basis penganggaran. Keduanya menciptakan perencanaan dan penganggaran yang tidak kompatibel dan bahkan terputus. Berdasarkan pada hasil penelitian ini juga, dpat dipertegaskan bahwa hubungan linieritas antara perencanaan anggaran dengan penyerpan anggaran bagi OPD di kabupaten Luwu Timur ini tentunya tidak terlepas dari pengaruh SDM para pengelola anggaran sebagaimana tercantum dalam teori stewarship, dimana dalam penelitian ini pemerintah daerah berperan sebagai steward sedangkan masyarakat dan pemerintah pusat berperan sebagai principals.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 789,
"width": 250,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright @ Wati, Masdar Mas ’ ud Junaiddin Zakaria",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 40,
"width": 458,
"height": 198,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara kepuasaan principals dan kesuksesan organisasi adalah hubungan yang diasumsikan dalam teori stewardship. Hal ini menandakan bahwa faktor SDM sangat menentukan tingkat serapan anggaran. Sebagaimana dalam tampilan capaian setiap triwulan bahwa sebagiab vesar persebtase capaian terjadi pada triwulan terakhir (triwulan IV). Hal ini berkaitan dengan kemampuan dari Kuasa Pengguna Anggaran (KPA), Pejabat Pelaksana Teknis Kegiatan (PPTK), dan Bendahara Pengeluaran. Walaupun perencanaan anggaran telah dilakukan sebaik mungkin, belum menjamin bahwa pelaksanaan anggarannya pun akan baik juga. Pelaksanaan anggaran yang konsisten sesuai dengan rencana yang telah dibuat sebelumnya dan pelaksanaan anggaran yang betul-betul berpedoman pada perencanaan anggaran akan meminimalisir terjadinya penumpukan penyerapan anggaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 241,
"width": 458,
"height": 307,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Zulaikah dan Burhany (2019), Dengan melakukan perencanaan anggaran yang optimal, pemerintah daerah dapat memprediksi akan digunakan untuk apa suatu anggaran ke depannya. Suatu anggaran telah direncanakan dari mana sumber pendapatannya sejak awal dan nantinya akan digunakan untuk apa sehingga anggaran dapat digunakan sebagai pedoman kerja. Dengan demikian, anggaran tersebut dapat menjadi patokan dalam merealisasikan program atau kegiatan pemerintah daerah dan akan meminimalisir penumpukan penyerapan anggaran pada akhir tahun. Kuntadi dan Yuslina (2023), menegaskan dalam penelitiannya, bahwa dalam upaya mempercepat penyerapan anggaran, memperkuat perencanaan seperti ketepatan alokasi dan penentuan kegiatan perlu dilakukan agar pelaksanaan sesuai dengan perencanaan dan dapat berjalan lancar. Selain itu perlu ditegaskan kepada Organisasi Perangkat Daerah agar mempertajam program dan rencana kerja dengan melakukan seleksi terhadap usulan kegiatan sehingga alokasi anggaran dapat disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan agar dapat menghindari inefesiensi dan meningkatkan fleksibilitas SKPD (Zarinah, 2016). Perencanaan anggaran yang baik akan mempermudah implementasi pelaksanaan anggaran, sehingga apabila dikaitkan dengan pengelola keuangan, hal ini akan mempengaruhi kinerja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 552,
"width": 342,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengaruh Pelaksanaan Anggaran terhadap Penyerapan Anggaran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 570,
"width": 458,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dinyatakan bahwa Pelaksanaan anggaran berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penyerapan anggaran. Hal ini berarti bahwa semakin baik Pelaksanaan anggaran yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah, maka semakin baik pula tingkat penyerapan anggaran. Dengan nilai koefisien 0,307 menunjukan bahwa apabila pelaksanaan itu dapat dilakukan dengan baik maka secara linieritas akan memberikan efek yang nyata terhadap penyerapan anggaran. Menurut BPKP (2017) Pelaksanaan merupakan aktivitas atau usaha-usaha yang dilaksanakan untuk merealisasikan semua rencana dan kebijakan yang telah dirumuskan dan di tetapkan. Proses pelaksanaan meliputi pengaturan terhadap penggunaan alat-alat yang di perlukan, siapa yang melaksanakan, bagaimana cara melaksanakannya, waktu pelaksanaannya dan dimana tempat pelaksanannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 789,
"width": 250,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright @ Wati, Masdar Mas ’ ud Junaiddin Zakaria",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 40,
"width": 458,
"height": 125,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian Weni Febriani, dkk, (2023), bahwa faktor yang mempengaruhi penyerapan anggaran adalah faktor SDM, dimana faktor ini berkaitan dengan perilaku motivasional dari para pengguna anggaran pada setiap satker. Menurut Yudawansyah (2020), SDM membutuhkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan tingkat tinggi dalam merancang anggaran dan perumusan rencana. Hal tersebut sejalan dengan hasil penelitian yang membuktikan SDM berpengaruh terhadap keterlambatan penyerapan anggaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 168,
"width": 458,
"height": 198,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil penelitian searah dengan penelitian Syafira & Vina (2020), menjelaskan keterlambatan penyerapan anggaran disebabkan oleh keterbatasan pejabat/pelaksana pengadaan yang bersertifikat karena pemberian sertifikat pengadaan barang/jasa sangat selektif, hanya pegawai yang memiliki kemampuan dan kompetensi di bidang pengadaan yang diberikan sertifikat serta pegawai tersebut harus telah lulus ujian pengadaan barang/jasa. Berdasarkan pada bereapa hasil penelitian tersebut, maka peneliti menegaskan bahwa memang SDM didaerah banyak yang belum mampu untuk melaksanakan anggaran, serta kurangnya kesepahaman yang searah, sevisi, antara sesama OPD, dan pejabat yang berkompeten didaerah. Disamping itu juga persoalan kerjasama, maupun kordinasi vertikal masih sering menjadi kendala teknis setiap tahunnya seperti itu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 369,
"width": 458,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hubungan yang signifikan dalam hipotesis kedua ini juga menunjukan bahwa apabila pelaksanaan anggaran itu dapat dilakukan dengan baik, maka secara otomatis akan meningkatkan persentase penyerapan. Namun beberapa faktor dilapangan masih terkendala dengan administrasi kegiatan. Misalnya pada kegiatan fisik, atau belanja modal lainnya, yang membutuhkan kordinasi dengan berbagai pihak, hal ini banyak terjadi pada proyek-proyek fisik, yang memiliki garis komando dan hirarki pengambilan keputusan yang berbeda dengan kegiatan lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 497,
"width": 458,
"height": 179,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Faktor lainnya adalah faktor pengadaan barang dan jasa, sebagaimana penelitian Netty Herawati, dkk (2023), Syafira, R. N., & Vina, C. M. (2020), bahwa faktor keterlambatan persentase penyerapan anggaran disebabkan oleh perencanaan yang kurang matang, faktor komitmen dan keterlambatan pengelolaan dalam proses pengadaan barang dan jasa. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa apabila perencanaan yang dirumuskan sudah baik dan pelaksanaannya juga baik, maka secara signifikan akan meningkatkan capaian penyerapan anggaran. Terkait dengan perlambatan pencapaian penyerapan anggaran, maka Penelitian Purwati, I., Arisyahidin, A., & Talkah, A. (2021), menegaskan bahwa Anggaran merupakan pernyataan mengenai estimasi kinerja yang hendak dicapai selama periode waktu tertentu yang dinyatakan dalam ukuran finansial.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 679,
"width": 458,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penganggaran dalam sektor publik merupakan tahapan yang sangat rumit dan mengandung unsur politik yang tinggi. Proses paling rumit dalam konteks politik yang berhubungan dengan politik adalah upaya untuk membuat keputusan guna menyelesaikan suatu fenomena atau gejala sosial ekonomi yang muncul. Pengambilan keputusan tentu saja berproses panjang (Damayanti, 2017). Menurut Undang-Undang No.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 789,
"width": 250,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright @ Wati, Masdar Mas ’ ud Junaiddin Zakaria",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 40,
"width": 458,
"height": 180,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "17 Tahun 2003 tentang Keuangan Negara, APBD mempunyai fungsi Fungsi otorisasi, mengandung arti bahwa anggaran daerah menjadi dasar untuk melaksanakan pendapatan dan belanja pada tahun yang bersangkutan Fungsi perencanaan, mengandung arti bahwa anggaran daerah menjadi pedoman bagi manajemen dalam merencanakan kegiatan pada tahun yang bersangkutan. Fungsi pengawasan, mengandung arti bahwa anggaran daerah menjadi pedoman untuk menilai kesesuaian kegiatan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah dengan ketentuan yang telah ditetapkan. Fungsi alokasi, mengandung arti bahwa anggaran daerah harus diarahkan untuk menciptakan lapangan kerja, mengurangi pengangguran dan pemborosan sumber daya, serta meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivitas perekonomian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 276,
"top": 246,
"width": 60,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 264,
"width": 458,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, maka peneliti dapat memberikan simpulan sebagai berikut; 1). Perencanaan Anggaran berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Penyerapan Anggaran Organisasi Perangkat daerah (OPD), di Kabupaten Luwu Timur. Perencanaan sebagai acuan bagi penganggaran pada dasarnya untuk menyusun rencana pendapatan, belanja dan pembiayaan untuk suatu jangka waktu tertentu. Tidak adanya konsep perencanaan penggunaan anggaran secara riil tentu akan berdampak pada munculnya sejumlah kesulitan dalam mengarahkan penggunaan anggaran dengan tepat sasaran. 2). Pelaksanaan Anggaran berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penyerapan Anggaran Organisasi Perangkat daerah (OPD), di Kabupaten Luwu Timur. Pelaksanaan Anggaran yang baik dapat dilakukan apabila setiap OPD, memiliki SDM yang handalal, maupun komitmen yang tinggi akan mempercepat tingkat capaian anggaran bagi etiap OPD Pemerintah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 260,
"top": 506,
"width": 98,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 524,
"width": 458,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ferdinan, F., Isnurhadi, I., Widiyanti, M., & Adam, M. (2020). Pengaruh Perencanaan Anggaran dan Pelaksanaan Anggaran terhadap Penyerapan Angggaran dengan Komitmen Organisasi sebagai Variabel Moderasi pada Badan Penelitian dan Penembangan Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Jembatan: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Vol. 17 No.2 Tahun 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29259/jmbt.v17i2.11844.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 615,
"width": 458,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mungkasa, O. (2020). Bekerja dari Rumah (Working From Home/WFH): Menuju Tatanan Baru Era Pandemi COVID 19. Jurnal Perencanaan Pembangunan: The Indonesian Journal of Development Planning, 4 (2), 126-150.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 670,
"width": 193,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.36574/jpp.v4i2.119.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 688,
"width": 458,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "N. Huda, A. R. Mus, and J. S. Tjan, “Analisis Kemampuan Keuangan Daerah Dalam Membiayai Belanja Daerah Pada Pemerintah Kota di Indonesia,” J. Account. Financ., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 1 – 15, Jun.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 382,
"top": 725,
"width": 147,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2022. http://www.pasca-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 743,
"width": 207,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "umi.ac.id/index.php/jaf/article/view/929",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 761,
"width": 459,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "N. M. Rida, Mursalim, and A. Nurwanah, “Pengaruh Partisipasi Anggaran terhadap Kinerja",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 789,
"width": 250,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright @ Wati, Masdar Mas ’ ud Junaiddin Zakaria",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 40,
"width": 429,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Manajerial Melalui Persepsi Inovasi (Studi Pada PT. Pegadaian Kantor Wilayah VI Makassar),” J. Akunt. Sist. Inf., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 127– 137, Feb. 2023. http://pasca- umi.ac.id/index.php/jasin/article/view/1342",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 95,
"width": 459,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "N. Muhammad, A. Rahman Mus, and A. Nurwanah, “Pengaruh Dana Alok asi Umum dan Dana Alokasi Khusus Terhadap Belanja Daerah Pada Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan,” Manag. Stud. Entrep. J., vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 4173– 4181, Nov. 2022. https://yrpipku.com/journal/index.php/msej/article/view/1317",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 168,
"width": 459,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nguyen (2020). Corporate governance and agency cost: Emirical evidence from vietnam J. Risk Financial Manag. 2020, 13(5), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13050103 Received: 3 April 2020 / Revised: 15 May 2020 / Accepted: 15 May 2020 / Published: 20 May 2020 (This article belongs to the Section Economics and Finance).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 241,
"width": 458,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rifka Ramadhani, Mia Angelina Setiawan, (2019). Pengaruh Regulasi, Politik Anggaran, Perencanaan Anggaran, Sumber Daya Manusia Dan Pengadaan Barang/ Jasa Terhadap Penyerapan Anggaran Belanja Pada Opd Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Eksplorasi Akuntansi Vol. 1, No. 2, Seri B, Mei 2019, Hal 710-726 ISSN : 2656-3649 (Online) http://jea.ppj.unp.ac.id/index.php/jea/issue/view/6.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 332,
"width": 458,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sandeep Yadav, (2021). Agency theory and internationalization: Acritical Assessment of Lagency Theoryiterature. Published: September 16th, 2021",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 369,
"width": 165,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.99192.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 387,
"width": 458,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sasmita Atika Sari Harahap, Taufeni Taufik, dan Nurazlina, (2020). Pengaruh Perencanaan Anggaran, Pelaksanaan anggaran, Pencatatan Administrasi dan Kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia Terhadap Tingkat Penyerapan Anggaran (Studi Empiris pada OPD Kota Dumai). Jurnal Politeknik Caltex Riau http://jurnal.pcr.ac.id/index.php/jakb/",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 478,
"width": 458,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sri wahyu Hidayati, M. Mas’ud, and S. Sjarlis, “Pengaruh Pendapatan Asli Daerah (Pad), Dana Alokasi Umum (Dau) Dan Dana Alokasi Khusus (Dak) Terhadap Belanja Modal Pada Kabupaten/Kota Di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan Tahun 2016- 2020,” J. Magister Manaj. Nobel Indones., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 229 – 243, Apr. 2022. https://e- jurnal.nobel.ac.id/index.php/JMMNI/article/view/2724",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 570,
"width": 458,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Syaza Furqana , Dian Fitria Handayani, (2022). Pengaruh Perencanaan Anggaran dan Lingkungan Birokrasi terhadapPenyerapan Anggaran: Studi Empiris pada Satuan KerjaPerangkat Daerah di Kabupaten Tanah Datar. Jurnal Eksplorasi Akuntansi (JEA) Vol. 4, No 3, Agustus 2022, Hal 513-529 e-ISSN : 2656-3649 (Online) http://jea.ppj.unp.ac.id/index.php/jea/index.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 661,
"width": 458,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wahyu Wulandari, Benny Setiawan, (2022). The Influence of Good Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure on Tax Receiving. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25181/esai.v16i1.2410 Jurnal Ilmiah ESAI Volume 16, No. 1 Januari 2022 p-ISSN 1978-6034 e-ISSN 2580-4944 https://jurnal.polinela.ac.id/ESAI.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
99f9b295-6c14-27d7-ca8a-f4747d10cc97 | https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/DIALEKTIKA/article/download/55402/28610 | [
{
"left": 513,
"top": 798,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "51",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 134,
"top": 808,
"width": 328,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright © 2024 Department of Sociology Faculty of Social and Political Sciences Universitas Airlangga",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 37,
"width": 105,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Sosiologi Dialektika",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 48,
"width": 194,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN: (Print 1858-0890) / (Online 2722-4325) https://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jsd.v19i12024.51-65",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 82,
"width": 446,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Women’s awareness of river water quality and their vulnerability to use of Brantas River water",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 130,
"width": 432,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kesadaran perempuan terhadap kualitas air sungai dan kerentanannya terhadap penggunaan air Sungai Brantas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 178,
"width": 437,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tuti Budirahayu 1 , Emy Susanti 1,2 , Sutinah 1 , Satiti Kuntari 3 , & Dimas Prasetianto Wicaksono 4 1 Departement of Sociology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, East Java Province, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 236,
"width": 342,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 Center for Gender Studies and Social Inclusion, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, East Java Province, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 265,
"width": 330,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3 Department of Dentistry, Bhakti Wiyata Institute of Health Sciences Kediri, East Java Province, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 293,
"width": 415,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, East Java Province, Indonesia e-mail of corresponding author: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 279,
"top": 351,
"width": 37,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 363,
"width": 457,
"height": 145,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This study was motivated by river water pollution which has an impact on the health of residents who live along the Brantas River Watershed (DAS). Aim of this research is to determine the health awareness and vulnerability of women and their families who live in the Brantas Watershed. An ecofeminist perspective is used to explain women’s awareness and participation in protecting the environment and river water. This research uses a descriptive method with a survey research type. The research was conducted in Surabaya City and Sidoarjo Regency. The number of respondents was 200 housewives aged 19 to over 55 years. The research results show that there are still 11.50% of women in Sidoarjo Regency, and 3.40% from Surabaya who use river water and consider it suitable for household needs. Women and their families are also vulnerable to disease, where 35.30% of children from respondents in Surabaya have experienced skin diseases, and 34.2% of children from respondents in Sidoarjo have experienced diarrhea. However, it turns out that women also care about protecting and preserving the environment. This study concludes that efforts are needed to increase women’s awareness so that they can avoid behavior that is not beneficial to health, especially in their interactions with polluted river water.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 519,
"width": 375,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: women’s awareness; health vulnerability; environmental pollution; Brantas River",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 282,
"top": 543,
"width": 32,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 555,
"width": 459,
"height": 169,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Studi ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pencemaran air sungai yang berdampak pada kesehatan warga yang bertempat tinggal di sepanjang Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Brantas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kesadaran dan kerentanan kesehatan perempuan dan keluarganya yang tinggal di DAS Brantas. Perspektif ekofeminis digunakan untuk menjelaskan kesadaran dan partisipasi perempuan dalam menjaga lingkungan dan air sungai. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian survei. Penelitian dilakukan di Kota Surabaya dan Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Jumlah responden sebanyak 200 ibu rumah tangga yang berusia 19 hingga lebih dari 55 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masih terdapat 11,50% perempuan di Kabupaten Sidoarjo, dan 3,40% dari Surabaya yang memanfaatkan air sungai dan menganggap layak untuk keperluan rumah tangga. Perempuan dan keluarganya juga rentan terkena penyakit, di mana 35,30% anak dari responden di Surabaya pernah mengalami penyakit kulit, dan 34,2% anak dari responden di Sidoarjo pernah mengalami diaere. Namun demikian, ternyata perempuan juga memiliki kepedulian dalam menjaga dan melestarikan lingkungan. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa diperlukan upaya untuk meningkatkan kesadaran perempuan agar dapat menghindari perilaku yang tidak bermanfaat bagi kesehatan terutama dalam interaksinya dengan air sungai yang tercemar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 735,
"width": 402,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kata kunci: kesadaran perempuan; kerentanan kesehatan; pencemaran lingkungan; Sungai Brantas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 798,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "52",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 284,
"top": 37,
"width": 240,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Sosiologi Dialektika Vol. 19, Issue 1, 2024, page 51-65",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 82,
"width": 71,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Introduction",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 108,
"width": 458,
"height": 160,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesian people’s awareness of respecting and caring for water, especially river water that crosses where they live, can be said to be still low. This can be demonstrated through various studies. A study conducted by Wijaya & Muchtar (2019). Along the Batang Arau River, South Padang District, Padang City, West Sumatra, shows that the condition of the river has been polluted by garbage, household waste and wrecks of fishing boats, so the river water smells, the ecosystem is damaged. This condition also causes the development of disease germs, and the shallowing of river flows. A study conducted by Wulandari & Suwanda (2019) on the ecological awareness of the people in the Brantas River basin, in Wringinanom District, Gresik Regency, shows that awareness of environmental preservation or the ecology of the people along the Brantas river basin is still low, so support from various parties is needed to overcome this. that matter. The ECOTON Foundation, which assisted the Wringinanom community, found that the local community did not have the habit of disposing of waste in the proper place and using the river as a garbage disposal site.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 277,
"width": 458,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A study conducted by Janah (2021) in the Brantas river basin also shows the same thing, where the river is used as a garbage disposal site by the community. The local government also gave a negative response to the efforts of the ECOTON Foundation in managing environmental problems along the banks of the Brantas river. Juniarti’s study (2020) in the Citarum River Basin (DAS), West Java, shows that the Citarum Watershed has various problems, both from upstream to downstream, where these problems are related to low public awareness in caring for environmental sustainability, starting from deforestation and conversion of forest functions around the watershed, to household and livestock waste being dumped into the river, causing pollution that contaminates river water.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 394,
"width": 457,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Brantas is the largest river in East Java and the second longest river on the island of Java. The Brantas River area has a catchment area of 14,103 km2 which administratively crosses 15 regencies/cities in East Java with a total river length of + 320 km. The area of the Brantas River Basin is at 0-500 m which covers almost 83 percent of the total area of East Java. Surface water potential per year averages 11.7 billion m3, but the potential that is utilized is 2.6 - 3 billion m 3 /year. The Brantas River actually has the potential to become a natural resource that can be continuously utilized for the benefit of the community in almost all areas of East Java. However, with the poor water quality and pollution that occurs along the Berantas River, the people of East Java are losing potential natural resources from the ‘wealth’ of the Brantas River (Figure 1).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 713,
"width": 293,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 1. Porong River, a tributary of the Brantas River, in Sidoarjo Regency Source: Doc. Personal",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 798,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "53",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 37,
"width": 327,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Budirahayu et al.: “Women’s awareness of river water quality and their vulnerability”",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 67,
"width": 458,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The various studies mentioned above show that the perception and behavior of the Indonesian people towards rivers, including the people along the Brantas river, makes the river a dumping ground for household rubbish or industrial waste. Wrong perceptions and behavior regarding the existence of the river ultimately have a negative impact on the community itself. People cannot use river water for their welfare, because the river water has been polluted and has become shallow which can cause flooding if it rains heavily.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 157,
"width": 458,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In an effort to increase public awareness of the importance of the function of river water for human life, the role of women becomes meaningful in efforts to preserve the environment. A study conducted by Bakti et al. (2017) shows that women, both in their context as housewives who use a lot of water for family needs in their daily lives, and women in their role as members of various social associations or organizations, such as being members of the PKK, religious study groups (Fatayat or Aisiyah), social gatherings, and so on, have a strategic role in preserving the environment, including along river watersheds. A study conducted by Mailisa et al. (2020) on the role of women in managing the Sani River, in Pati Regency, Central Java, shows that as many as 80% of women who live around the Sani River know the functions and benefits of the Sani River and are involved in its management. Forms of participation in river management include attending meetings, providing advice and planning, and donating food or energy in community service activities.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 313,
"width": 457,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "It would be an interesting study if a more in-depth study was carried out using a gender perspective to understand the awareness of women in the Brantas watershed area regarding health and environmental conservation efforts. With a gender sensitive approach, where the study is not only carried out on society in general but also on women and poor and vulnerable families, factors that cause inequality in the use of polluted river water among these communities and vulnerable groups can be identified.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 390,
"width": 459,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Talking about health, nature conservation and ecological awareness, cannot be separated from human behavior regarding their dominant relationship with nature. When ecological awareness fades or disappears from human beings, then the damage to nature will be followed by various diseases that will occur. The damage to nature caused by human activities actually has a big impact on the existence of the health and sustainability of humans themselves, and the people who suffer the most from the damage to nature are women. Women have an important role in maintaining and caring for the health and preservation of nature, because women are very dependent on the grace of nature in meeting the needs of themselves and their families. The terms gender and ecology become a link that cannot be separated in efforts to care for health and the universe. Therefore, women are the first to be the most affected by the destruction of nature. Various studies show that when nature is damaged, women are the most vulnerable to it. Simanjuntak (2018) in his study on women and forests, shows that women are more vulnerable to experiencing injustice and oppression due to forest destruction.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 560,
"width": 458,
"height": 134,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This study uses an ecofeminist perspective as an umbrella of knowledge that connects health issues, the environment (ecology) and feminism. The connection between feminism and health and ecology cannot be separated from the situation and position of women and nature which are oppressed by patriarchal forces (Priyatna et al. 2017). As a social movement, ecofeminism seeks to voice injustice in relations between humans and between humans and nature which is caused by male power, hierarchical systems, the power of domination and human insensitivity to a sustainable environment. Whereas ecofeminism as a theory, views that pressure on the earth or ecology and pressure on women have a common point, namely powerlessness and unfair treatment, so that women are placed in a binary position and perspective, namely strong (men)-weak (women); rich (patriarchal hierarchical structure)-poor (women), and so on (Fahimah 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 703,
"width": 459,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "By using this eco-feminist perspective, women’s abilities can be traced and explored to rise to a role in maintaining the health of themselves and their families and saving their environment, in order to create a life that is environmentally friendly and also friendly to women. To be able to discover women’s potential in maintaining health and saving the environment, studies that use an ecofeminism approach seek to be involved and empathize with women in their role in the",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 798,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "54",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 284,
"top": 37,
"width": 240,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Sosiologi Dialektika Vol. 19, Issue 1, 2024, page 51-65",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 67,
"width": 458,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "environment (Astuti 2012). Like the discourse on environmental management, arguments for the causes of environmental damage (erosion and land degradation) always place lower groups (local communities, the poor and women) as the cause of the damage (Wulan 2007). This study aims to examine the understanding and awareness of women living along the Brantas watershed regarding health and environmental conservation along the watershed.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 145,
"width": 98,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Research Method",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 172,
"width": 457,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The research, which was carried out in 2023, was located in two areas in East Java that are crossed by the Brantas River, namely Surabaya City (Jambangan District) and Sidoarjo Regency (Porong District). These two areas were chosen as research locations because they are densely populated cities, there are many industries located along the Brantas watershed in these two areas, and there are still quite a lot of people living along the Brantas watershed (Figure 2).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 437,
"width": 44,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 2.",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 195,
"top": 449,
"width": 205,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Brantas watershed area in East Java Source: Forum DAS Brantas Kota Batu (2012)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 484,
"width": 458,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The type of research in this study is descriptive quantitative with survey research type, but does not aim to explain the correlation between variables. The research stages used in this study are: first, prepare a questionnaire and its indicators to understand the characteristics of the respondents and their knowledge of river water quality. The second stage, processed the data using the SPSS program. The third stage is analyzing the data using frequency tables and diagrams. Due to the absence of a sampling frame, this research is characterized by non-probability, and the research sample is determined based on the willingness of housewives to be the research sample (convenience sampling). The number of research samples in Surabaya City and Sidoarjo Regency totaled 200 housewifes who live along the Brantas watershed.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 600,
"width": 459,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Primary data collection was carried out using a research instrument in the form of a structured questionnaire. After the questionnaires were collected, the data was then processed using the SPSS version 16 program. The SPSS program used in this study was not intended to test correlation between variables, but only as a tool to calculate the percentages used to determine the tendency of respondents’ answers based on the questions in the research instrument.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 678,
"width": 121,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Result and Discussion",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 704,
"width": 457,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The presentation of research results includes five sections. In the first section, the characteristics of the respondents are presented with the aim of understanding their social and economic status background. The second section presents data regarding respondents’ awareness and knowledge of the water quality of the Brantas River. The third section describes the respondent’s behavior in their interactions with river water in everyday life. The fourth section presents data regarding the vulnerability of respondents",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 798,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "55",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 67,
"width": 456,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "and their families to diseases suffered due to their interaction with polluted river water. The final section presents data regarding respondents’ participation in efforts to protect the environment where they live around the Brantas watershed.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 117,
"width": 256,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The social and economic characteristic of respondent",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 141,
"width": 457,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The following table contains data relating to the characteristics of respondents by calculating the average: age; education level; number of children; type of occupation; family income per month; and length of stay in the Brantas watershed area.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 191,
"width": 36,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 1.",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 203,
"width": 411,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Social and economic characteristics of respondents Social and Economic Characteristics (average) Surabaya Sidoarjo Age 44 years 36 years Educational level Junior high school Junior high school Number of children 1-2 children 1-2 children Occupation Housewife Housewife monthly family income Rp 1.950.000 Rp 1.412.500 Long lived in the Brantas watershed 12 years 14 years Source: Primary data processed by the author",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 356,
"width": 458,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Looking at the data in Table 1, it can be described that the characteristics of respondents from the two regions are in the lower middle class socio-economic. Several indicators that support the socio- economic conditions of respondents are the average of: educational level of respondents, which only reaches junior high school levels and the average monthly income of respondents’ family is less than the City/Regency Minimum Wage (UMK) range in 2023. The UMK in Surabaya in 2023 is IDR 4,525,479, while the UMK in Sidoarjo is IDR 4,518,581. Most respondents admitted that, the house they live in is their own with a long period of residence on the edge of the Brantas watershed, to wit more than 10 years. When observations were made, the condition of many of their houses was not permanent, and even gave the impression of being illegal houses.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 486,
"width": 458,
"height": 199,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Various studies on communities that live in watershed areas, especially in developing countries, such as Indonesia, show that most of them are lower class residents with low incomes, and tend to live in slum areas along the watershed. study conducted by Surya et al. (2020) regarding the condition of the watershed in the Tallo river basin, Makassar City, shows that the people who live in the watershed area are poor residents with behavior that can worsen environmental degradation in the river basin. A study conducted by Siagian et al. (2023) also shows that Indonesia is a country that is prone to hydrometeorological disasters with watershed conditions that are quite worrying. Siagian et al. (2023) compared the conditions of watersheds in Japan and in Indonesia, where Japan pays great attention to the integrated preservation of watersheds as preventive and sustainable water resources. One of the factors causing watershed land degradation is anthropogonic factors, namely humans who live in riverside areas who do not have sufficient knowledge about watershed management, as well as pollution carried out by people who live in slum areas on the edge of the watershed. Rapid population growth in Indonesia has encouraged a number of communities, especially the lower middle class, to occupy watershed areas as residential areas. So that watershed areas experience land degradation and quality decline, due to various upstream activities, such as encroachment or other economic activities.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 696,
"width": 242,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Women’s awareness of Brantas River water quality",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 720,
"width": 457,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The focus of this section is to describe awareness – in this case it is characterized by their knowledge about: the quality of the river water; the causes of the decline in river water quality; the feasibility of river water for household consumption.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 37,
"width": 327,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Budirahayu et al.: “Women’s awareness of river water quality and their vulnerability”",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 798,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "56",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 284,
"top": 37,
"width": 240,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Sosiologi Dialektika Vol. 19, Issue 1, 2024, page 51-65",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 67,
"width": 457,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Below provides information that the majority of respondents (76,10%, Surabaya, and 84,60%, Sidoarjo) stated that the quality of the Brantas River water was polluted. However, there are still some housewives in the two research areas who say that the water in the Brantas River is still clean (Surabaya, 27.7%; Sidoarjo, 15.4%). Those who say that the river water is still clean have the perception that even though the river water looks murky brown when the river water is quite high in the rainy season, there is no visible rubbish floating in the river.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 307,
"width": 42,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 3.",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 196,
"top": 319,
"width": 204,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Knowledge about Brantas River water quality Source: Primary data processed by the author",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 512,
"width": 42,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 4.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 525,
"width": 297,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Knowledge of the feasibility of Brantas River water for consumption Source: Primary data processed by the author",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 560,
"width": 457,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Information obtained from Figure 4 shows that, the majority of respondents from the City of Surabaya know that the Brantas river water is not suitable for consumption (96.6%), although in Figure 4, it can be seen that a small number of respondents from the City of Surabaya say that the Brantas river water is still considered clean. Meanwhile, 88.5% of respondents from Sidoarjo Regency stated that the Brants river water was not suitable for consumption, this was in line with the statement of 84.6 respondents who said that the Brantas river water was polluted (see Figure 3). However, there are still respondents in Sidoarjo Regency (11,50%) and respondents from Surabaya (3,40%) who consider the Brantas River water to be still worthy for consumption. When conducting in-depth interviews to find out what is meant by river water that is still suitable for consumption, respondents who still use river water for daily life gave the argument that river water can be used for: bathing, washing clothes and household furniture, watering plants and give water to livestock.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 716,
"width": 457,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Respondents’ awareness of the quality of Brantas river water can be confirmed by their knowledge of the causes of river water pollution. The following table explains what respondents know about the causes of Brantas river water pollution.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 798,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "57",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 67,
"width": 457,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Looking at the data in Table 2, it appears that each region does have different characteristics based on the respondents’ knowledge of the types of waste in the Brantas river. In Surabaya, the majority of respondents (67%) know that river water is polluted by household waste (liquid and solid, including diapers) and factory waste (30%). Unlike the case with respondents from Sidoarjo Regency. Because the research area in Sidoarjo Regency is in a suburban area or transition between urban and rural areas, the knowledge possessed by the respondents about the causes of contamination of Brantas river water, apart from liquid and household waste (46%) and factory waste (17%), is also caused by agricultural pesticides (19%) and livestock manure (17%). One thing that is interesting, there are several respondents who know that the Brantas river in their area is also used to dispose of some of the Lapindo mud (1%).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 279,
"top": 197,
"width": 36,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 2.",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 172,
"top": 209,
"width": 251,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Knowledge of the causes of polluted Brantas River water",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 224,
"width": 381,
"height": 168,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Knowledge about the causes of river water pollution Surabaya ( %) Sidoarjo ( %) Liquid household waste 36 23 Solid household waste (including pampers) 31 23 Plant waste 30 17 Agricultural pesticides 1 19 Livestock manure waste 1 17 Water hyacinth 1 0 Lapindo mud that flows into the river 0 1 Total 100 100 Source: Primary data processed by the author",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 401,
"width": 458,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The data presented above shows an interesting and worrying phenomenon. Based on the awareness and knowledge of housewives about the quality of Brantas river water, in boths area it shows that they know and realize that river water is polluted and is not suitable for consumption. Most respondents in both area also know that the cause of river water pollution is trash and waste, both household waste and factory waste. Even some housewives in Sidoarjo Regency know that agricultural pesticides, waste from livestock and Lapindo mud whose water is dumped into the Brantas river, are also causes of river water pollution. What is worrying is that there are some respondents who think that the Brantas river water is still clean and this indicates the possibility of them using the river water for household purposes.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 518,
"width": 457,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A study conducted by Akpan et al. (2020) on the reuse of polluted river water in Ogun State, Nigeria, shows that the reuse of waste water has become part of the daily lives of people who use river water as a resource life. However, most people are willing to use waste water as long as it has been scientifically tested by experts that the water is suitable for consumption. Thus, public awareness of using polluted river water must be accompanied by increased knowledge about efforts to obtain clean water, even though the water has been purified from polluted water sources or waste water.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 608,
"width": 188,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Brantas River water utilization behavior",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 633,
"width": 457,
"height": 134,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In the awareness section about the quality of Brantas river water, most of the respondents in the two research areas stated that the river water was polluted and unfit for consumption. In this section, the respondents’ awareness will be confirmed by their behavior in utilizing Brantas river water. Even though the level of awareness of respondents regarding the quality of the Brantas river water is quite good (saying that the river water is not suitable for consumption and is polluted), Table 3 shows that the behavior of some respondents seems inconsistent with the level of awareness of those who think that the Brantas river water is polluted and unsuitable to consume. As seen in Table 3, only 64% of respondents from Surabaya City and 40% of respondents from Sidoarjo Regency do not use Brantas river water for household needs. What is quite interesting is that there are still respondents in both areas who use Brantas river water for various household needs (bathing, drinking, cooking, washing clothes",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 37,
"width": 327,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Budirahayu et al.: “Women’s awareness of river water quality and their vulnerability”",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 798,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "58",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 284,
"top": 37,
"width": 240,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Sosiologi Dialektika Vol. 19, Issue 1, 2024, page 51-65",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 67,
"width": 457,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "and washing household furniture). Likewise, respondents from Sidoarjo Regency, there are still quite a lot of housewives who use Brantas river water for bathing (17%) and washing clothes (19%), even around 10% use it for drinking and cooking.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 117,
"width": 393,
"height": 160,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 3. Brantas River water use behavior in daily life Brantas River water utilization behavior Surabaya (%) Sidoarjo (%) Do not use river water for household purposes 64 40 For bathing 11 17 Drink & cook 5,2 10 Washing dishes & cleaning the house 6,8 14 Washing clothes 13 19 Total 100 100 Source: Primary data processed by the author",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 288,
"width": 458,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "When they were asked further, how do they treat the Brantas river water to meet household needs, respondents from the city of Surabaya explained that they filter the river water into reservoirs, and provide medicine or purifying materials so that the river water can be used for their needs daily (36%). Meanwhile, respondents from Sidoarjo Regency, apart from purifying the Brantas river water with purifying agents, some of them (22%) apparently only put the river water into a reservoir and settled it within a few days without using purifying agents (see Table 4).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 288,
"top": 378,
"width": 39,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 4.",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 390,
"width": 415,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Behavior of purifying Brantas River water Brantas River cleaning behavior Surabaya (%) Sidoarjo (%) Do not use river water for household purposes 64 40 Cleanse with clarifying agents 36 38 Precipitated without the use of clarification materials 0 22 Total 100 100",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 196,
"top": 502,
"width": 204,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Source: Primary data processed by the author",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 525,
"width": 458,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A study conducted by T. Sindane & Modley (2023) regarding the impact of poor water quality in four township areas in Emfuleni Municipality, shows that the local municipal government has failed to manage polluted river water and waste water, and this has been going on for years. The results of their research show that the community has awareness and concerns about the impact of polluted water and waste water that they face every day, but they cannot do anything about it. This study also shows that infrastructure problems which result in water quality problems, have caused social and economic stress and poor health among local residents.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 629,
"width": 457,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The ironic condition experienced by residents along the banks or the Brantas watershed can be caused by several factors. A study conducted by Suryadi et al. (2016), shows that the factors that influence people’s behavior in using river water for daily needs are due to community customs that have been carried out for generations. Apart from that, it is also due to the low social and economic status of the community. These findings are also in line with the results of this study, where the majority of respondents were of lower middle socio-economic status, and their length of stay was also quite long, some even lived along the Brantas watershed for more than 10 years.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 732,
"width": 458,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "People living on river banks generally have the perception that river water is a source of life, so they try to use it for their daily needs. A study conducted by Rismawati et al. (2020) which was conducted on a number of respondents along the Martapura River, showed that the majority of respondents in",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 798,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "59",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 67,
"width": 457,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "their research had a bad perception of river water pollution, but they still used it for their daily needs. Rismawati’s findings received justification support from this study. Even though most of the housewives who were respondents in this study were aware that the Brantas river water had been polluted, there were still some of them who used it for their daily needs.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 131,
"width": 457,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A study conducted by Husain (2014) regarding community perceptions of the use of river water along the Jagir River in Surabaya City, shows that even though the river water is perceived as not clear, they think that the river water can still be used. Husain identified four patterns of river water use by the community, namely: to clean up and flush dirt resulting from human activities; to purify or perform ablution in the context of the Islamic religion; for cleaning, such as for bathing and washing; and as a place for recreation and earning a living. With a cognitive map based on community knowledge and habits as identified by Husain, this condition is relevant to the results of this research, where respondents who live along the Brantas watershed do not feel guilty and are “fine” when they use river water for their daily needs.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 247,
"width": 458,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A study conducted by Denga et al. (2023) which examined poor communities on the banks of the Kafue River, in the Kitwi Region, Zambia, showed that poor residents living on river banks are very dependent for their livelihoods on water ecosystems and river banks. They developed the practice of cultivating crops on riverbanks because this can improve the livelihoods of poor communities, even though riverbanks can be considered the most threatened ecosystem globally and continue to experience degradation due to crop cultivation.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 337,
"width": 198,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Women’s and family health vulnerabilities",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 361,
"width": 458,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This study is also seeks to map the comunnity health vulnerability along the Brantas watershed. To find out the community’s health vulnerability, the respondents in this study were asked to explain what diseases their children and husbands had. Based on the data in Figure 5 and Figure 6, it appears that diarrhea and skin diseases are the two types of diseases most commonly suffered by mothers, fathers and children in the two research areas, where in the Sidoarjo Regency area, the number or percentage of the incidence of these two diseases higher compared to Surabaya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 619,
"width": 42,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 5.",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 118,
"top": 631,
"width": 359,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diseases frequently suffered by families in the Brantas-Surabaya watershed area Source: Primary data processed by the author",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 666,
"width": 457,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The behavior of using Brantas river water and the daily cleaning methods carried out by housewives seem to have an impact on their health vulnerability. It can be seen that the illnesses suffered by children living around the Brantas watershed are diarrhea, coughs and colds and skin diseases, although this study did not directly measure the correlation between river water use and health. Whereas for parents (father and mother), most of them are skin diseases (itching or the like). A study conducted by Firmansyah et al. (2021) states that one of the causes of disease suffered by people living along rivers is thought to be basic sanitation that does not meet the requirements and characteristics of individuals who still use low quality river water as a source of clean water.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 37,
"width": 327,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Budirahayu et al.: “Women’s awareness of river water quality and their vulnerability”",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 798,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "60",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 284,
"top": 37,
"width": 240,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Sosiologi Dialektika Vol. 19, Issue 1, 2024, page 51-65",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 80,
"width": 457,
"height": 134,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Purwaningsih (2021) in his study on the correlation between the incidence of skin disease and the use of polluted river water shows that there is a significant correlation between the use of polluted water and the incidence of skin disease. Purwaningsih further also found that personal hygiene also influences the incidence of skin diseases. If a person’s level of personal hygiene is relatively low, coupled with the use of water for personal hygiene that does not meet quality standards or exceeds the pollution threshold, then more and more people suffer from skin diseases. Other studies related to river water pollution and its impact on public health have also been carried out by Ritiau (2021). The results of his research show that when river water or well water has been contaminated by household and factory waste, the disease that is often found is diarrhea. This is because the water that has been polluted and consumed by humans contains many microbes and has a negative impact on human digestion.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 420,
"width": 42,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 6.",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 432,
"width": 353,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diseases frequently suffered by families in the Brantas-Sidoarjo watershed area Source: Primary data processed by the author",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 469,
"width": 457,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A study conducted by Whyte et al. (2020) on the perception and effects of air pollution in Rivers State, Nigeria, shows that various pollution causes increased morbidity and even death globally. Polluted river water is then consumed by community members, including children, which can also cause stunting. The study conducted by Oginawati et al. (2023) regarding river water contaminated with heavy metals which has a serious impact on children. The results of their study show that heavy metals that pollute water, and are then consumed by children, can cause stunting or failure in the growth and development of children under five. The study they conducted in Bandung Regency, by analyzing the relationship between environmental factors, especially water media and the incidence of stunting, showed that the factors that have significance in the risk of stunting are the low level of education and income of parents, where both of these factors have implications for them, especially on knowledge about health and on the use of polluted water for household consumption.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 627,
"width": 341,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Women’s participation in managing the Brantas watershed environment",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 653,
"width": 457,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This section is a descriptive explanation of the initiatives that have been carried out by women along the Brantas watershed to protect and manage the environment which is part of their daily lives. Through this data, it can also be an indication of their concern for efforts to maintain the health of their family and the environment.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 719,
"width": 458,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Looking at Table 5, it appears that respondents from the city of Surabaya show a tendency to care more about the surrounding environment, so their level of participation is also high enough to keep the environment clean and healthy. This can be shown by their concern for reminding local residents to dispose of their rubbish in proper rubbish dumps, not throw it in the river (64%), planting land along",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 798,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "61",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 67,
"width": 458,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "the watershed with vegetable crops to be used for family consumption (10%), and build a waste bank and recycle waste (4%). On the other hand, respondents from Sidoarjo Regency, it appears that their level of participation is relatively lower in protecting the environment, cleanliness and health along the Brantas watershed when compared to respondents from Surabaya City, although relatively many respondents said that they had also done community service to clean up the environment around the Brantas watershed (37%).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 158,
"width": 423,
"height": 172,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 5. Women’s participation in managing the Brantas watershed environment Types of Participation Surabaya (%) Sidoarjo (%) Remind residents not to throw garbage into the river 64 5 Community service cleaning the environment 20 37 Planting land along the watershed with vegetable crops to be used for family consumption 10 2 Build a waste bank and recycle waste 4 1 Making the watershed area a tourist destination 2 0 Don’t know 0 55 Total 100 100 Source: Primary data processed by the author",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 339,
"width": 458,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "If we pay attention to women’s participation in managing the environment along the Brantas watershed as illustrated by the results of this research, it seems that women who have resilience in protecting the environment are those who are mature enough and have sufficient knowledge about the vulnerability of river water environmental conditions. This is shown from the data in Table 5, where respondents from the city of Surabaya care more about and participate in protecting their environment. A study conducted by Bekele et al. (2023) regarding Community participation in managing the river basin in Dandi Lake, Ethiopia, shows that the role of Community participation in watershed management is influenced by their initiative to be involved in all stages and processes of watershed management. Most communities are only involved in the implementation stage and are not involved in the planning process or all stages of environmental management. The study revealed that community participation in watershed management is hampered by lack of resources, interest and previous experience, as well as pressure from peer groups. The results of the study by Bekele et al. (2023) confirm the results of this research, that, to foster community participation in efforts to preserve the environment around the watershed, it is necessary to involve parties who have authority, in this case the regional government, to continuously socialize and invite the community to manage the environment better.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 548,
"width": 457,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vazhayil et al. (2023) studied the participation of community members, including women, in preserving the environment around river banks. Their study explores how river culture and the ability to manage the river ecosystem in communities along river banks have enabled them to live side by side with the river for many years. River culture, in this case in the form of habits of living with the river and community identification in their daily lives with the river, can encourage communities to proactively carry out community-based river conservation actions.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 639,
"width": 458,
"height": 133,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A study conducted by Ravula et al. (2023) on the political participation of community members in an integrated watershed development program in Bundelkhand, India, shows that the participation of women and people from vulnerable social groups is still neglected in the program. Their study findings show that men from broader land-owning community groups are more likely to participate in managing watersheds at the village level and benefit from the program. In contrast, the role of women who use watersheds for practical needs, such as fetching water, feeding animals, and collecting firewood for cooking, is ignored when watershed development planning programs are carried out. Therefore, Ravula suggests that when watershed development programs and environmental conservation around them are carried out, women must be involved, so that inclusive participation, fairer distribution of resources and better regional governance can be achieved.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 37,
"width": 327,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Budirahayu et al.: “Women’s awareness of river water quality and their vulnerability”",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 798,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "62",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 284,
"top": 37,
"width": 240,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Sosiologi Dialektika Vol. 19, Issue 1, 2024, page 51-65",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 80,
"width": 457,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "From an ecofeminist perspective, the role of women is actually very significant in efforts to preserve the environment and prevent river water pollution. However, in reality, women tend to experience oppression in efforts to save the environment from ecosystem damage. A study conducted by Suoth et al. (2020) regarding environmental conservation efforts in the water catchment area of Lake Tondano, Minahasa, shows that the lake water has been polluted and this has caused anxiety for women, while the perpetrators of environmental destruction are dominated by men. Likewise in the case of Brantas River water pollution, where river water pollution is mostly carried out by factories around the Brantas watershed area, where the factory controllers are mostly men who have power over controlling factory waste.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 198,
"width": 457,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A study conducted by Suresh (2021) which examines the relationship between gender and the environment in the context of sustainable development in India using an ecofeminist perspective, shows that without the inclusion of feminist issues and gender equality in sustainable development, including environmental preservation in watersheds, the public policy approach regarding the environment will not would work well, because it tends to marginalize women. Suresh’s statement is based on his research in the Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu, India, which shows that when gender equality is not achieved because it is confined by Patriarchy, women’s participation in local organizations does not receive good appreciation, even though they are successful in carrying out their mission of environmental conservation and women’s financial inclusion.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 330,
"width": 458,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The destruction of the Brantas river water ecosystem has caused poor groups living along the riverbanks, especially women, to experience injustice and unequal quality of life when compared to community groups who can enjoy clean water. Husein et al. (2021) reminded again that from an ecofeminist perspective, women, as the main support for household survival, must have the ability to survive, where destruction of nature and the environment, including exploitation of nature, occurs on a large scale. It is women who then bear the burden of pollution that they did not make, but that pollution occurred because of the actions of capitalists, in this case environmental polluting companies.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 435,
"width": 457,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A study conducted by Fonjong et al. (2023) in a rural area in Cameroon, shows that women in the family have control over family welfare, including their role in using water for food production, household management and child care. Fonjong stated that polluted water sources, including climate change which causes the loss of water sources and a decrease in water volume or flow, greatly hampers and disrupts women’s productivity, as well as increasing women’s burden in caring for and managing the home.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 515,
"width": 458,
"height": 186,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Taking into account the interactions and behavior of women housewives towards the use of Brantas river water in this study, it shows that women have a weak bargaining position in obtaining resources, in this case water that is of good quality, clean and adequate for their lives. A study conducted by Situmeang & Aflaha (2022) shows that it is women and children who are the most vulnerable in facing a bad ecological environment, including water and air pollution, all of which can also be linked to the phenomenon of climate change. In their daily lives, women are the ones who directly have to fight to maintain the survival and needs of their household. The limitations or vulnerabilities that women have, especially those from groups of people with lower economic status, cause them to not get adequate protection and their rights to get clean water and health services from the government and stakeholders, most of whom come from the dominant class society. In such situations and conditions, women are actually able to mobilize defenses for better environmental and ecosystem sustainability for human life. In the perspective of ecofeminism, women’s abilities are necessary and must be continuously developed. Women can rise above ecological injustice when they have adequate capital (human, financial, natural, social and physical).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 713,
"width": 457,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The study conducted by Situmeang & Aflaha (2022) seems to be in line with the results of this research, where social capital is the driving force for housewives to protect and preserve the environment along the Brantas watershed. In the city of Surabaya, the women who were respondents to this research had a high level of concern for environmental conservation efforts. For example, the housewives who were",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 798,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "63",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 67,
"width": 457,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "respondents preferred to remind residents not to throw rubbish into the river and this was followed by efforts by some of them to plant land along the Brantas watershed with plants that were useful and could be consumed by the family, such as plants. vegetables or medicinal plants for the family.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 118,
"width": 459,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In line with the studies mentioned above, a study conducted by Hendrastiti et al. (2023) which examined narratives of women’s resilience in facing disasters, climate change, including pollution in watershed areas, shows that women actually have resilience in facing disasters. An important finding from their research is that women—through their daily lives—have the ability to respond to environmental disasters, this is because they have local ecological awareness and are able to adapt to change.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 196,
"width": 62,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Conclusion",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 222,
"width": 458,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Taking into account the results of the research above, the conclusion of this study is that women have sufficient awareness and knowledge regarding the quality of the contaminated Brantas river water, where they are part of the ecosystem and ecology of the Brantas river. However, women also experience vulnerability, especially regarding the health of themselves and their families, where this vulnerability arises because of the living habits they live in their interaction with river water. The habit of using unhygienic river water can be a contributing factor to women’s weak position in obtaining clean water services. This condition then has an impact on the health status of women and their families. However, the women who live along the Brantas watershed also have the initiative and are able to participate in protecting the environment around the Brantas watershed due to the behavior of local residents throwing rubbish into the river. Women’s participation in protecting and preserving the environment is actually social capital that can be developed to be able to achieve a quality life.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 378,
"width": 459,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The novelty of this research lies in the analysis of women’s interactions with river water and women’s involvement in environmental conservation from an ecofeminist perspective. Even though ecofeminist theory shows that women should have the ability to control their environment because of their role as mothers for nature conservation, from the results of this research, women still experience marginalization in dealing with river water pollution. The results of this research also show that women do not have strong enough bargaining power to save themselves and their families from various dangers of pollution and changes in the environmental ecosystem. This bargaining power can continue to be grown, institutionalized and strengthened through the social capital possessed by housewives who are aware of the importance of saving the Brantas river water from all forms of pollution. Therefore, this research also recommends to related parties to intensively provide awareness to the public to change lifestyle patterns and habits that can endanger health due to interactions with polluted river water. In addition, support for women as a group vulnerable to water pollution must continue to be improved so that women have the skills and knowledge that can strengthen their bargaining position.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 562,
"width": 97,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Acknowledgment",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 589,
"width": 458,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Thanks are expressed to the Ministry of Education and Culture, Research and Technology, Directorate General of Higher Education, Research and Technology for providing research funding through the 2023 Research Grant.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 642,
"width": 60,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "References",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 668,
"width": 457,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Akpan VE, Omole DO, & Bassey DE (2020) Assessing the public perceptions of treated wastewater reuse: opportunities and implications for urban communities in developing countries. Heliyon 6 (10). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05246.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 708,
"width": 458,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Astuti TMP (2012) Ekofeminisme dan peran perempuan dalam lingkungan. Indonesian Journal of Conservation 1 (1). https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/ijc/article/view/2064.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 37,
"width": 327,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Budirahayu et al.: “Women’s awareness of river water quality and their vulnerability”",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 798,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "64",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 67,
"width": 456,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bakti I, Hafiar H, Budiana HR, & Puspitasari L (2017) Pemberdayaan pranata sosial melalui komunikasi lingkungan: Menakar pelibatan peran perempuan dalam mitigasi banjir citarum. Jurnal Kawistara 7 (1):94-107. https://doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.24313.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 107,
"width": 461,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bekele Y, Kebede B, & Kuma T (2023) Assessing the role of community participation in integrated watershed management in Dandi Lake watershed Dandi district, West Showa, Oromia, Ethiopia. Applied Water Science 13 (11):207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-023-02009-x.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 146,
"width": 457,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Denga RV, Marambanyika T, Simwanda M, & Vinya R (2023) Socio-economic determinants of participating in riverbank cultivation at household level in the Upper Kafue River basin in Kitwe District, Zambia. Scientific African 21: e01789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01789. Fahimah S (2017) Ekofeminisme: Teori dan gerakan. Jurnal Komunikasi Dan Penyiaran Islam 1: 14. http://ejournal.iai-tabah.ac.id/index.php/alamtaraok/article/view/220.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 212,
"width": 458,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Firmansyah YW, Widiyantoro W, Fuadi MF, Afrina Y, & Hardiyanto A (2021) Dampak pencemaran sungai di Indonesia terhadap gangguan kesehatan: Literature review. Jurnal Riset Kesehatan Poltekkes Depkes Bandung 13 (1):120-133. https://doi.org/10.34011/juriskesbdg.v13i1.1829. Fonjong L & Zama RN (2023) Climate change, water availability, and the burden of rural women’s triple role in Muyuka, Cameroon. Global Environmental Change 82: 102709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. gloenvcha.2023.102709.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 291,
"width": 459,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Forum DAS Brantas Kota Batu (2012) Peta DAS Brantas. Forum DAS Brantas Kota Batu, 30 March. [Accessed 24 January 2024]. https://fordaskotabatu.wordpress.com/2012/03/30/peta-das-brantas/. Hendrastiti TK, Kusujiarti S, & Sasongko RN (2023) The narratives of local women’s resilience in disaster and climate change: The voices of Indonesian women in the watershed areas. The Indonesian Journal of Socio-Legal Studies 3 (1):4. https://doi.org/10.54828/ijsls.2023v3n1.4.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 357,
"width": 457,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Husain SB (2014) Persepsi masyarakat versus pemerintah terhadap layak guna air: Studi kasus Kali Jagir Kelurahan Ngagelrejo Surabaya. Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya 16 (1):51-80. https://jmb. lipi.go.id/jmb/article/view/36.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 397,
"width": 458,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Husein S, Herdiansyah H, & Putri LG (2021) An ecofeminism perspective: A gendered approach in reducing poverty by implementing sustainable development practices in Indonesia. Journal of International Women’s Studies 22 (5):210-228. https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol22/iss5/14/.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 437,
"width": 456,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Janah FMU (2021) Kajian persepsi masyarakat tentang pengelolaan sampah di hilir daerah aliran Sungai Brantas. Environmental Pollution Journal 1 (2). https://doi.org/10.58954/epj.v1i2.13.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 463,
"width": 457,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Juniarti N (2020) Upaya peningkatan kondisi lingkungan di daerah aliran Sungai Citarum. Kumawula: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 3 (2):256-271. https://doi.org/10.24198/kumawula. v3i2.27348.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 503,
"width": 458,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mailisa ER, Yulianto B, & Warsito B (2020) Peran perempuan dalam pengelolaan Sungai Sani di Kabupaten Pati. In: Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal, 29 November. Palembang: Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal 1. 295-304.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 542,
"width": 459,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Oginawati K, Yapfrine SJ, Fahimah N, Salami IRS, & Susetyo SH (2023) The associations of heavy metals exposure in water sources to the risk of stunting cases. Emerging Contaminants 9 (4):100247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2023.100247.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 582,
"width": 455,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Priyatna A, Subekti M, & Rachman I (2017) Ekofeminisme dan gerakan perempuan di Bandung. Patanjala 9 (3):291977.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 608,
"width": 457,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Purwaningsih D (2021) Hubungan personal hygiene dan sumber air dengan kejadian penyakit kulit di Pulau Bromo Kelurahan Mantuil tahun 2021. Dissertation, Universitas Islam Kalimantan MAB, Banjarmasin.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 648,
"width": 458,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ravula P, Chakraborty A, & Kasala K (2023) Politics of participation in Integrated Watershed Development Programmes in Bundelkhand, India: Insights from a gender and social inclusion perspective. Presentation. Presented at the CGIAR GENDER Conference ‘From Research to Impact: Towards just and resilient agri-food systems’, New Delhi, India, 9-12 October. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 714,
"width": 459,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rismawati L, Priatmadi BJ, Hidayat AS, & Indrayatie ER (2020) Kajian persepsi dan perilaku masyarakat terhadap pencemaran air Sungai Martapura. EnviroScienteae 16 (3):389-396. http:// dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v16i3.9681.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 284,
"top": 37,
"width": 240,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Sosiologi Dialektika Vol. 19, Issue 1, 2024, page 51-65",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 798,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "65",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 67,
"width": 456,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ritiau YAP (2021) Analisis dampak pencemaran sungai terhadap kesehatan lingkungan di Sungai Desa Cukir, Kabupaten Jombang. In: SemanTECH (Seminar Nasional Teknologi, Sains dan Humaniora) 3 (1). 134-141.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 107,
"width": 459,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Siagian K, Sidabutar IF, & Koestoer RH (2023) Optimization of integrated watershed recovery: Comparison of management systems in Japan and Indonesia. Journal of Placemaking and Streetscape Design 1 (1). https://doi.org/10.61511/jpstd.v1i1.2023.184.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 146,
"width": 456,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Simanjuntak WTS (2018) Implikasi kerusakan hutan kawasan Danau Toba pada perempuan adat Batak dalam perspektif Vandana Shiva dan Maria Mies (Studi kasus Kampung Sugapa, Porsea). Thesis. Universitas Indonesia, Depok.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 186,
"width": 457,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Situmeang WH & Aflaha FR (2022) Ragam modal perempuan perdesaan dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim di tengah subordinasi variety of rural women’s capital against climate change in the Midst of Subordination. Jurnal Perempuan 27 (3):241-253.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 225,
"width": 460,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Supangat AB, Basuki TM, Indrajaya Y, Setiawan O, Wahyuningrum N, Purwanto, Putra PB, Savitri E, Indrawati DR, Auliyani D, & Nandini R (2023) Sustainable management for healthy and productive watersheds in Indonesia. Land 12 (11):1963. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12111963. Surya B, Syafri S, Sahban H, & Sakti HH (2020) Natural resource conservation based on community economic empowerment: Perspectives on watershed management and slum settlements in Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Land 9 (4):104. https://doi.org/10.3390/land9040104. Suryadi G, Thamrin T, & Murad A (2016) Perilaku masyarakat dalam memanfaatkan air Sungai Siak sebagai sumber kehidupan dan dampaknya terhadap estetika serta kesehatan lingkungan di wilayah Waterfront City Pekanbaru. Dinamika Lingkungan Indonesia 3 (2):100-106.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 344,
"width": 459,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suoth G, Soemarno S, & Rakinaung MS (2020) The perspective of ecofeminism in preservation of tondano catchment area. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Interdisciplinary Studies Seminar, IISS 2019, 30-31 October 2019, Malang, Indonesia.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 384,
"width": 457,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suresh L (2021) Understanding the relationship between sustainability and ecofeminism in an Indian context. Journal of developing societies 37 (1):116-135.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 410,
"width": 459,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "T. Sindane J & S. Modley LA (2023) The impacts of poor water quality on the residential areas of Emfuleni local municipality: A case study of perceptions in the Rietspruit River catchment in South Africa. Urban Water Journal 20 (10):1568-1578. https://doi.org/10.1080/157306 2X.2022.2030763.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 463,
"width": 457,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vazhayil AM & Wantzen KM (2023) Community-based Conservation Initiatives in India: A Participative Movement driven by River Culture. River Culture–Life as a dance to the rhythm of the waters. Paris: UNESCO Publishing.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 503,
"width": 456,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Whyte M, Numbere TW, & Sam KS (2020) Residents’ perception of the effects of soot pollution in Rivers State, Nigeria. African Journal Of Environmental Science and Technology 14 (12):422- 430.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 542,
"width": 456,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wijaya YF & Muchtar H (2019) Kesadaran masyarakat terhadap kebersihan lingkungan sungai. Journal of Civic Education 2 (4):405-411.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 569,
"width": 456,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wulandari D & Suwanda IM (2019) Peran Yayasan Ecoton dalam menumbuhkan kesadaran ecological citizenship pada masyarakat daerah aliran Sungai Brantas (Studi kasus Kecamatan Wringinanom Kabupaten Gresik). Kajian Moral dan Kewarganegaraan 7 (2).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 608,
"width": 456,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wulan TR (2007) Ekofeminisme transformatif: Alternatif kritis mendekonstruksi relasi perempuan dan lingkungan. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan 1 (1).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 37,
"width": 327,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Budirahayu et al.: “Women’s awareness of river water quality and their vulnerability”",
"type": "Page header"
}
] |
1c1f0f38-53e3-c406-4d4f-c5e44f492987 | https://jurnal.lldikti4.or.id/index.php/jurnalsoshum/article/download/1414/266 | [
{
"left": 72,
"top": 36,
"width": 101,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Soshum Insentif",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 405,
"top": 36,
"width": 127,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "| Vol. 7 | No. 1 | April 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 50,
"width": 196,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.36787/jsi.v7i1.1414",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 450,
"top": 50,
"width": 79,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Halaman 31 – 42",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 236,
"top": 782,
"width": 127,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Soshum Insentif – 31",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 85,
"width": 386,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Effects of Entrepreneurial Leadership and",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 107,
"width": 424,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Innovation Capacity on Employee Productivity and its Implication on Business Performance (Survey at some Supermarket at Cirebon City)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 186,
"width": 175,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HIKMAT 1 , MAYA PUSPITA DEWI",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 314,
"top": 186,
"width": 138,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2, MARLIANA B. WINANTI",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 452,
"top": 187,
"width": 4,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 200,
"width": 393,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1,2 Department public Administration Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Indonesia., 3 International Women University Email : [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 266,
"top": 268,
"width": 67,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 282,
"width": 459,
"height": 175,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This paper’s objectives are to know the influence of entrepreneurial l eadership and innovation capacity on employee productivity and its implication on business performance. The method used is quantitative research implemented as a survey on several Supermarket. The data is analyzed using path analysis and mediation process. Research findings: First, entrepreneurial leadership and innovation capacity affect significantly employee productivity simultaneously. Second, entrepreneurial leadership affects employee productivity significantly. Third, innovation capacity affects employee productivity significantly. Fourth, employee productivity affects business performance significantly. Fifth, entrepreneurial leadership affects significantly on business performance as mediated by employee productivity. Sixth, Innovation Capacity affects significantly on business performance as mediated by employee productivity",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 471,
"width": 455,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: entrepreneurial leadership, innovation capacity, employee productivity and business performance",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 269,
"top": 515,
"width": 60,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 529,
"width": 455,
"height": 188,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepemimpinan wirausaha dan kapasitas inovasi terhadap produktivitas karyawan serta implikasinya terhadap kinerja bisnis. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang diimplementasikan dalam bentuk survei pada beberapa supermarket. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis jalur dan proses mediasi. Temuan penelitian: Pertama, kepemimpinan kewirausahaan dan kapasitas inovasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produktivitas karyawan secara simultan. Kedua, kepemimpinan kewirausahaan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produktivitas karyawan. Ketiga, kapasitas inovasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produktivitas karyawan. Keempat, produktivitas karyawan mempengaruhi kinerja bisnis secara signifikan. Kelima, kepemimpinan kewirausahaan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja bisnis yang dimediasi oleh produktivitas karyawan. Keenam, Kapasitas Inovasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja bisnis yang dimediasi oleh produktivitas karyawan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 731,
"width": 455,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci: kepemimpinan kewirausahaan, kapasitas inovasi, produktivitas karyawan, dan kinerja bisnis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 271,
"top": 36,
"width": 53,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hikmat, dkk",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 236,
"top": 782,
"width": 127,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Soshum Insentif – 32",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 249,
"top": 85,
"width": 119,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "I. INTRODUCTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 114,
"width": 459,
"height": 130,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Leadership is very important in every business organization. That is why every business man should know and at the same time possess capability of leadership. Leadership functions as a means to lead the organization run smoothly in accordance with the goals of the organization that has been set up in advance. This, let alone, is important because in this era of disruption, disruptive events has struck many business organizations in Indonesia. Accordingly, strategic leadership should be able to show the sense of business and the sense of change with the following characteristics: first, being creative and innovative; second, the ability of being entrepreneur; third, the ability of making collaboration (Safuan, 2019).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 259,
"width": 459,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In relation to the entrepreneurship, the entrepreneur leadership is not much different with concept of leadership in management. Leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act towards a common goal. In a business environment, this can mean directing workers and colleagues with strategies to meet company needs (Ward, Susan. 2020). Leadership captures the essence of being able and ready to inspire others to make innovation. A good business leader can drive each member of his organization to be able to enhance their productivity which finally results in business performance in accordance with the applicable business process management. When this is realized, consequently the business runs well and result in long term business sustainability.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 418,
"width": 459,
"height": 159,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "From such background, the present writer put forward the following research questions: 1) Do entrepreneurial leadership and innovation capacity affect on employee productivity simultaneously? 2) Does entrepreneurial leadership affect on business employee productivity partially? 3) Does innovation capacity affect on employee productivity partially? 4) Does employee productivity affect on business performance significantly? 5) Does Entrepreneurial Leadership affect Business Performance as mediated by employee productivity? 7) Does Innovation Capacity affect Business Performance as mediated by employee productivity? Starting from those questions, the writer conduct a research entitled:” Effects of Entrepreneurial Leadership, Innovation Capacity on Employee Productivity and its Implication Business Performance (Survey at Supermarket at Cirebon City)”",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 213,
"top": 607,
"width": 191,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 636,
"width": 455,
"height": 129,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Leadership according to Hoy, Wayne, K & Miskel, Cecil, (2008) is a process of social influence that has rational, emotional and social elements. The main task of the leader is to provide demands when changes occur and increase organizational effectiveness and become a source of strength in the organization. Therefore the existence of a leader in an organization is important and central. A leader's work shows similar patterns across different countries and organizational backgrounds. Meanwhile, according to Robin, S.P & Judge, T.A (2015) leadership is an ability to influence a group with the aim that the vision and goals of an organization that have been set can be achieved. In an organization this source of influence is obtained",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 36,
"width": 446,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Effects of Entrepreneurial Leadership and Innovation Capacity on Employee Productivity and its Implication on Business Performance (Survey at some Supermarket at Cirebon City)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 236,
"top": 782,
"width": 127,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Soshum Insentif – 33",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 85,
"width": 455,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "formally. For example the influence of managers on their subordinates. However, not all leaders are managers; conversely, not all leaders are managers.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 129,
"width": 455,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Furthermore, according to Griffin, R.W. & Moorhead, G (2014) the definition of leadership in terms of process and nature. As a process, leadership is the use of non-coercive influence to direct and coordinate the activities of a group of members to achieve a goal. As an ownership trait, leadership is a set of characteristics attributed to those who are deemed successful in exercising that influence. In general, these two perspectives contain the ability to influence the perceptions, beliefs, attitudes, motivations, and/or behavior of others. From an organizational point of view, leadership is very important because it has a very strong influence on individual and group behavior. In addition, the direction towards which the group is directed is often the desired goal of the leader himself, which sometimes does not match the goals of the organization",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 288,
"width": 459,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "While entrepreneurial leadership as defined by Gupta, MacMillan & Surie (2004) is that entrepreneurial leadership not as a collection of traits merely, such as who the individual is, but it is as a set of behaviors, such as what the individual does. Accordingly, it then is suggested that the entrepreneurial leader is the person who realizes the challenges of communicating a vision and influencing others, in this case members of the organization, to assist them reach it. Moreover, entrepreneurial leadership is also defined as any leadership that creates a climate of entrepreneurial behavior in the organization the individual leads (Cohen, 2004).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 418,
"width": 459,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "What is innovation capacity? The innovation capacity is defined as a continuous improvement of capabilities and resources that a business organization possesses in order to explore and develop opportunities to create new products in order to meet the need of the market (Szeto, 2012). Moreover, Amit & Schoemaker (1993) differentiate resources from capabilities by saying that resources are available stocks possessed and controlled by the business organization. While capabilities refer to the capacity to make used the resources of the business organization.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 520,
"width": 459,
"height": 202,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Furthermore, Lawson & Samson (2001) define innovation capability as the ability to continuously change knowledge and ideas into new products, processes and systems for the benefit of the business organizations and their stakeholders. Accordingly, innovation capacity is very important to small businesses whose objectives are to compete with their existing competitors. Furthermore, the empirical evidence on the innovation capacity in small business organizational context has become into two different important matters, namely the first one studies the determinant factors of innovation capacity, and the second one studies the innovation capability’s consequences. That is why, small business innovation is considered as the process and as an outcome. Another experts Crossan & Apaydin (2010) employ a general approach in explaining what the organizational innovation is. They relate it with the leadership concept, namely, innovation is a process and at the same time as an outcome. In addition, West & Bogers (2014) more focus on specific innovation type, namely an open innovation.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 737,
"width": 455,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Employee productivity is defined as the time used actively by the employees on jobs that need execution and production (Singh, Shivangi, et.al., 2022). According to",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 271,
"top": 36,
"width": 53,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hikmat, dkk",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 236,
"top": 782,
"width": 127,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Soshum Insentif – 34",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 85,
"width": 455,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Naeem and Ozuem (2021) employee productivity shows the extent to which the technology adoption decreases the time spent and efforts that must be needed to finish specific works . Thus employee productivity is one of the main determinant factor of business performance (Valau & Massu, 2020 in Singh, Shivangi, et.al., 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 172,
"width": 455,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Business performance as defined by While Wheelen & Hunger (2012) is as the end result of each previous activity which includes environmental understanding, strategy formulation and implementation, evaluation and control, which includes the real results of the strategic management process. Furthermore, performance is the achievement of certain individuals or groups that aim to earn profits or not within a certain period of time.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 273,
"width": 430,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "From the theoretical review above, the relationship model of the variables under study is as follows",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 474,
"width": 455,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the variable relationship above, the hypotheses of this research are: First: Entrepreneurial Leadership, Innovation Capacity affect significantly Employee Productivity simultaneously",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 528,
"width": 455,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Second: Entrepreneurial Leadership affects significantly Employee Productivity partially",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 567,
"width": 423,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Third: Innovation Capacity affects significantly Employee Productivity partially",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 591,
"width": 392,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fourth: Employee Productivity affects Business Performance significantly",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 616,
"width": 455,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fifth: Entrepreneurial Leadership affects significantly on Business Performance as mediated by Employee Productivity",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 655,
"width": 455,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sixth, Innovation Capacity affects significantly on Business Performance as mediated by Employee Productivity",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 241,
"top": 727,
"width": 135,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "III. METHODOLOGY",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 36,
"width": 446,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Effects of Entrepreneurial Leadership and Innovation Capacity on Employee Productivity and its Implication on Business Performance (Survey at some Supermarket at Cirebon City)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 236,
"top": 782,
"width": 127,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Soshum Insentif – 35",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 85,
"width": 455,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In this paper, the writer employs a quantitative method The data as much as 30 respondents are taken from some supermarket in Cirebon City. Data is analyzed using path analysis with the assistance of SPSS and mediation Process Andrew F Hayes software. Path analysis is a statistical analysis technique that can calculate the direct and indirect effect in sequential relationship model of variables under study (Narimawati, Umi & Sarwono, Jonathan, 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 218,
"top": 186,
"width": 181,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 215,
"width": 155,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The First R Square Value",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 326,
"width": 454,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The value of R square is 0.998 meaning that the effect of Entrepreneurial Leadership and Innovation Capacity on Employee Productivity is as much as 0.998 (99.8%)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 369,
"width": 115,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hypothesis Testing",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 514,
"width": 455,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Simultaneous Hypothesis Testing Relationship between Variables of Entrepreneurial Leadership, Innovation Capacity, and Employee Productivity Variable.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 572,
"width": 455,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H0 = Variables of Entrepreneurial Leadership, Innovation Capacity do not affect significantly Employee Productivity Variable simultaneously",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 601,
"width": 455,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H1 = Variables of Entrepreneurial Leadership, Innovation Capacity affect significantly Employee Productivity Variable simultaneously",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 644,
"width": 289,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Criteria for hypothesis testing Reject H0 when the value of significance level < 0.05 Accept H0 when the value of significance level > 0.05",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 702,
"width": 455,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The value of significance level from the ANOVA output is as much as 0.000 < 0.05. It means that the H0 is rejected accordingly H1 is accepted. That is why, variables of Entrepreneurial Leadership, Innovation Capacity affect significantly Employee Productivity Variable simultaneously",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 271,
"top": 36,
"width": 53,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hikmat, dkk",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 236,
"top": 782,
"width": 127,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Soshum Insentif – 36",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 100,
"width": 162,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Partial Hypothesis Testing",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 229,
"width": 455,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "First, Relationship between Variables of Entrepreneurial Leadership and Employee Productivity Variable.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 273,
"width": 455,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H0: Entrepreneurial Leadership does not affect significantly Employee Productivity Variable partially",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 316,
"width": 455,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H1: Entrepreneurial Leadership affects significantly Employee Productivity Variable partially",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 360,
"width": 455,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The value of significance level from the ANOVA output is as much as 0.000 < 0.05. It means that the H0 is rejected accordingly H1 is accepted. Accordingly variable of Entrepreneurial Leadership affects significantly Employee Productivity variable partially. The amount of effect is 0.59 meaning that when the value of Entrepreneurial Leadership increases one unit, the value of Employee Productivity increases as much as 0.59.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 461,
"width": 455,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Second, Relationship between Variables of Innovation Capacity and Employee Productivity Variable.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 505,
"width": 455,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H0: Innovation Capacity does not affect significantly Employee Productivity Variable partially",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 534,
"width": 455,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H1: Innovation Capacity affects significantly Employee Productivity Variable partially",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 577,
"width": 455,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The value of significance level from the ANOVA output is as much as 0.038 < 0.05. It means that the H0 is rejected accordingly H1 is accepted. Accordingly Innovation Capacity affects significantly Employee Productivity Variable partially. The amount of effect is 0.54 meaning that when the value of Innovation Capacity increases one unit, the value of Employee Productivity increases as much as 0.54",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 36,
"width": 446,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Effects of Entrepreneurial Leadership and Innovation Capacity on Employee Productivity and its Implication on Business Performance (Survey at some Supermarket at Cirebon City)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 236,
"top": 782,
"width": 127,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Soshum Insentif – 37",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 85,
"width": 165,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The Second R Square Value",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 166,
"width": 455,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The value of R square is 0.915 meaning that the effect of Employee Productivity on Business Performance is as much as 0.915 (91.5%)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 209,
"width": 70,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hypothesis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 224,
"width": 385,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Relationship between Employee Productivity and Business Performance",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 324,
"width": 118,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hypothesis Testing",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 338,
"width": 416,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H0: Employee Productivity does not affect Business Performance significantly H1: Employee Productivity affects Business Performance significantly",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 382,
"width": 455,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The value of significance level at ANOVA output is 0.000 < 0.05. That is why reject H0 and accept H1. This decision means that Employee Productivity affects Business Performance. The amount of effect is 0.956 meaning that when the value of Employee Productivity increases one unit, the value of Business Performance increases as much as 0.956.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 576,
"width": 182,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mediation Hypothesis Testing",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 591,
"width": 455,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "First: Relationship between Effects of Entrepreneurial Leadership and Financial Governance as mediated by Employee Productivity",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 715,
"width": 455,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H0: Entrepreneurial Leadership does not affect significantly on Business Performance as mediated by Employee Productivity",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 271,
"top": 36,
"width": 53,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hikmat, dkk",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 236,
"top": 782,
"width": 127,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Soshum Insentif – 38",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 85,
"width": 455,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H1: Entrepreneurial Leadership does not affect significantly on Business Performance as mediated by Employee Productivity",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 129,
"width": 455,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The value of probability is as much as 0.0000 < 0.05; thus reject H0 and accept H1. This means Entrepreneurial Leadership affects significantly on Business Performance as mediated by Employee Productivity. The amount of effect is 0.4409. This means when the value of Entrepreneurial Leadership increases in one unit, the value of Business Performance as mediated by Employee Productivity increases as much as 0.4409.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 230,
"width": 455,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Second: Relationship between Innovation Capacity and Business Performance as mediated by Employee Productivity",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 418,
"width": 455,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H0: Innovation Capacity does not affect significantly on Business Performance as mediated by Employee Productivity",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 448,
"width": 455,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H1: Innovation Capacity affects significantly on Business Performance as mediated by Employee Productivity",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 491,
"width": 455,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The value of probability is as much as 0.0000 < 0.05; thus reject H0 and accept H1. This means Innovation Capacity affects significantly on Business Performance as mediated by Employee Productivity. The amount of effect is 0.7082. This means when the valued of Innovation Capacity increases in one unit, the value of Business Performance as mediated by Employee Productivity increases as much as 0.7082.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 258,
"top": 578,
"width": 82,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DISCUSSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 592,
"width": 455,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "From the result of hypothesis testing, it proves that Entrepreneurial Leadership and Innovation Capacity affect significantly Employee Productivity simultaneously and partially. This means that first, entrepreneurial leadership affects Employee Productivity significantly. This research finding is similar with the study conducted by Kautsar, A, et.al (2020) stating that the role of entrepreneurial leadership influences the employee productivity. Moreover this also relates to the research finding that has been conducted by Aishah, H.N. et.al (2020) stating that entrepreneurial leadership affects the economic (business) performance and sustainability of the SME. Based on the research done by Sawaean, F.A.A et.al, (2020) among the entrepreneurial business organizations show the determinant factors of the business organizational performance are entrepreneurial leadership and innovation capacity.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 36,
"width": 446,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Effects of Entrepreneurial Leadership and Innovation Capacity on Employee Productivity and its Implication on Business Performance (Survey at some Supermarket at Cirebon City)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 236,
"top": 782,
"width": 127,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Soshum Insentif – 39",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 100,
"width": 459,
"height": 100,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Innovation capacity affects employee productivity significantly. This finding is supported by the study showing that innovation can increase the employee productivity behavior in facing the global competition (Novitasari, D. et.al, 2021). Furthermore, innovation also can improve the business organization performance (Szeto, E, 2012). Innovation relating to technology used in the business organizations can enhance the employee productivity that leads to business performance effectively (Tahir, A & Looy, A.V., 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 215,
"width": 455,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Employee productivity variable affects business performance variable significantly. This means that enhanced employee productivity that has been done based on effective entrepreneurial leadership and innovation capacity will result in maximal business performance. This is supported by the research that has been conducted by Fiador, VO (2012) stating that organization age, characteristics, budgeting monitoring, internal control contributes to enhance the business performance. Another research finding discloses that corporate governance in the context of policy and process of business in SMEs’ organizations contributes profitability which is one of the most important indicators of the business performance (Hakimah, Y., et.al., dkk, 2019). In relation to the last research finding example, a study proves that employee productivity contributes highly to business performance (Atmaja. D.S. et.al., 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 404,
"width": 455,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Entrepreneurial Leadership affects significantly on business performance as mediated by employee productivity. Leadership is important in deciding the business performance in business organization as a guidance to reach the vision, mission and goals of the organization. Leadership contributes an important role in the business performance among the SME organization (Simic, Marijana, et.al., 2020). Moreover leadership has significant role in determining the success of the business organization. The success of the business organization is measured by its performance. (Amiri, N.A., et.al., 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 534,
"width": 455,
"height": 87,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Innovation capacity affects significantly on business performance as mediated by employee productivity. One of the ways to obtain sustainability in business organization is to develop innovation of their products. It has been proved in the study on the international business organization that the role of innovation is critical in enhancing the performance of the organization concerned (Donbesuur, F. et.al., 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 249,
"top": 636,
"width": 101,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "V. CONCLUSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 650,
"width": 459,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "From the discussion above the present writer makes the following conclusions: First, entrepreneurial leadership and innovation capacity affect significantly employee productivity simultaneously. Second, entrepreneurial leadership affects employee productivity significantly. Third, innovation capacity affects employee productivity significantly. Fourth, employee productivity affects business performance significantly. Fifth, entrepreneurial leadership affects significantly on business performance as mediated by employee productivity. Sixth, innovation capacity",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 271,
"top": 36,
"width": 53,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hikmat, dkk",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 236,
"top": 782,
"width": 127,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Soshum Insentif – 40",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 85,
"width": 455,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "affects significantly on business performance as mediated by employee productivity .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 258,
"top": 157,
"width": 82,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "REFERENCES",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 186,
"width": 455,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amiri, N.A., et.al., (2020). Leadership Styles and Organizational Knowledge Management Activities: A Systematic Review. Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business. Vol 22 No. 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 244,
"width": 455,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aishah, H.N. et.al. 2020. Entrepreneurial Leadership and Sustainable Performance of Manufacturing SMEs in Malaysia: The Contingent Role of Entrepreneurial Bricolage. Sustainability. MDPI.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 312,
"width": 455,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amit & Schoemaker. 1993. Strategic assets and organizational rent. Strategic Management Journal. Vol 14. No.1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 351,
"width": 459,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Atmaja. D.S. et.al., 2022. actualization of performance management models for the development of human resources quality, economic potential, and financial governance policy in Indonesia ministry of education. Multicultural Education.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 409,
"width": 345,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cohen. 2004. Building a Company of Leaders”, Leader to Leader",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 434,
"width": 455,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Crossan & Apaydin . 2010. A Multi-Dimensional Framework of Organizational Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Journal of Management Studies. Volume 47 Issue 6.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 487,
"width": 455,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Donbesuur, F. et.al. (2020) Technological innovation, organizational innovation and international performance of SMEs: The moderating role of domestic institutional environment. Elsevier",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 565,
"width": 455,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fiador, VO .2012. Determinants of financial governance practices. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy. Emerald. Vol.33 issue 2.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 619,
"width": 455,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gupta, MacMillan and Surie . 2004. “Entrepreneurial leadership: developing and measuring a cross- cultural construct”, Journal of Business Venturing,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 648,
"width": 88,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "19(2): 241-260.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 672,
"width": 455,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Griffin & Moorhead. 2014. Organizational Behavior: Managing People and Organizations. South Western: Cengage Learning",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 711,
"width": 455,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hakimah, Y., et.al., dkk, 2019. Impact of Intrinsic Corporate Governance on Financial Performance of Indonesian SMEs. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change Volume 7. Issue 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 36,
"width": 446,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Effects of Entrepreneurial Leadership and Innovation Capacity on Employee Productivity and its Implication on Business Performance (Survey at some Supermarket at Cirebon City)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 236,
"top": 782,
"width": 127,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Soshum Insentif – 41",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 85,
"width": 455,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hoy, Wayne, K. & Msikel, G. C. 2013. Educational Administration: Theory, Research, and Practice. 9 th edition. New York: McGraw Hill",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 124,
"width": 455,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kautsar, A, et.al. 2020. Leadership roles and entrepreneurial orientation to the performance of SMEs in the City of Kediri. Business and Islamic Economy Journal. Vol. 5 No.1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 182,
"width": 455,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lawson and Samson. 2001. Developing Innovation Capability in Organizations: A Dynamic Capabilities Approach. International Journal of Innovation Management. Scientific Research. An Academic Publisher.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 235,
"width": 455,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Narimawati, Umi & Sarwono, Jonathan, 2022. Path Analysis: Data Analysis Application. 2 nd Edition. Amazon.com, Inc. 410 Terry Avenue North Seattle, Washington 98109 US",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 289,
"width": 455,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Naeem and Ozuem (2021) 5. Naeem M, Ozuem W. Exploring the use of social media sites for health professionals’ engagement and productivity in public sector hospitals. Empl Relat. 2021",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 332,
"width": 455,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Novitasari, D. et.al, 2021. Authentic Leadership and Innovation: What is the Role of Psychological Capital? International Journal of Social and Management Studies (IJOSMAS) Vol.1 No.1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 390,
"width": 338,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Robin dan Judge, 2013. Organizational Behavior. USA: Pearson",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 415,
"width": 455,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Safuan, 2019. Study of entrepreneurial leadership in facing global competition. Journal of Industrial and Logistics Management. Vol. 1 No.2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 454,
"width": 455,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sawaean, F.A.A et.al, (2020) The impact of entrepreneurial leadership and learning orientation on organizational performance of SMEs: The mediating role of innovation capacity. Management Science Letters 10",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 507,
"width": 455,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Singh, Shivangi, et.al., (2022) What do we know about Employee Productivity?: Insights from Bibliometric Analysis. Journal of Scientometric Res. 2022; 11(2)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 546,
"width": 455,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Simic, Marijana, et.al., (2020) Human Capital and SME Performance: Mediating Effect of Entrepreneurial Leadership. Management: Journal of Sustainable Business and Management Solutions in Emerging Economies",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 600,
"width": 455,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Szeto, 2012. Innovation capacity: Working towards a mechanism for improving innovation within an inter-organizational network. TQM Magazine",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 653,
"width": 387,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahir, A & Looy, A.V., 2020. Business Process Management and Digital Innovations: A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability. MDPI",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 692,
"width": 241,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ward, Susan. 2020. The balance money.com",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 271,
"top": 36,
"width": 53,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hikmat, dkk",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 236,
"top": 782,
"width": 127,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Soshum Insentif – 42",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 85,
"width": 455,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "West & Bogers. 2014. Leveraging External Sources of Innovation: A Review of Research on Open Innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 129,
"width": 455,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wheelen & Hunger. 2012. Strategic Management. Business Policy Toward Global Sustainability. 12ed. New York: Pearson",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
5ce82646-5e66-25ae-a67d-4e4646c1109f | http://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/jipi/article/download/27519/13402 | [
{
"left": 181,
"top": 43,
"width": 261,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Available online at: http://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/jipi",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 67,
"width": 294,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 5 (2), 2019, 248-257",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 802,
"width": 208,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This is an open access article under the CC – BY-SA license.",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 113,
"width": 436,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengembangan modul potensi lokal berbasis SETS untuk meningkatkan keterampilan proses IPA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 156,
"width": 317,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Isna Amanatul Hayati *, Dadan Rosana, Sukardiyono Sukardiyono",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 171,
"width": 390,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Program Studi Pendidikan Sains, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 184,
"width": 306,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jalan Colombo No. 1, Karangmalang, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia. * Corresponding Author. E-mail: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 158,
"top": 215,
"width": 311,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Received: 5 October 2019; Revised: 14 November 2019; Accepted: 2 December 2019",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 294,
"top": 231,
"width": 39,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 243,
"width": 457,
"height": 179,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kelayakan modul potensi lokal berbasis pendekatan SETS dan meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains peserta didik dengan menggunakan bahan ajar tersebut. Jenis penelitian ini adalah pengembangan dengan mengadaptasi model 4D yaitu define, design, develop , dan disseminate . Penelitian dilakukan pada satu kelas eksperimen dan satu kelas kontrol. Kelas eksperimen adalah kelas yang menggunakan bahan ajar modul potensi lokal berbasis SETS dalam proses pembelajaran, sedangkan kelas kontrol adalah kelas yang menggunakan bahan ajar umum yang biasa digunakan sekolah. Instrumen penilaian keterampilan proses sains menggunakan soal pretest dan posttest yang diberikan pada peserta didik sebelum dan setelah proses pembelajaran. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa soal keterampilan proses sains yang diberikan sebelum dan setelah proses pembelajaran. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis untuk memperoleh nilai gain skor. Berdasarkan analisis keterampilan proses sains kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi yaitu sebesar 0,45 sedangkan kelas kontrol sebesar 0,29. Hasil validasi modul potensi lokal berbasis SETS dilakukan oleh dosen ahli yaitu ahli materi dan ahli media. Hasil kelayakan yang diperoleh dari ahli materi dan ahli media mencapai kategori sangat baik. Kesimpulannya modul potensi lokal berbasis pendekatan SETS layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran sains untuk meningkatkan keterampilan sains peserta didik di sekolah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 424,
"width": 290,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata Kunci: modul potensi lokal, SETS, keterampilan proses sains",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 448,
"width": 414,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Development of SETS based local potential modules to improve science process skills",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 294,
"top": 490,
"width": 39,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 502,
"width": 456,
"height": 167,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This study aims to measure the feasibility of local potential modules based on the SETS approach and improve the science process skills of students using these teaching materials. The type of this research is development by adapting the 4D model, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate. The study was conducted in one experimental class and one control class. The experimental class is a class that uses local potential modules based on SETS in the learning process, while the control class is a class that uses common teaching materials commonly used by schools. The instrument for assessing science process skills uses the pretest and posttest questions given to students before and after the learning process. The instrument used is a matter of science process skills that are given before and after the learning process. The data obtained were analyzed to obtain the gain score. Based on the analysis of science process skills the experimental class is higher at 0.45 while the control class is 0.29. The results of SETS-based local potential module validation were carried out by expert lecturers namely material experts and media experts. The results of the feasibility obtained from material experts and media experts reached a very good category. In conclusion, the local potential module based on the SETS approach is appropriate to be used in the science learning process to improve students' scientific skills in school.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 671,
"width": 273,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords: local potential modules, SETS, science process skills",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 689,
"width": 456,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "How to Cite : Hayati, I., Rosana, D., & Sukardiyono, S. (2019). Pengembangan modul potensi lokal berbasis SETS untuk meningkatkan keterampilan proses IPA. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 5 (2), 248-257. doi:https://doi.org/10.21831/jipi.v5i2.27519",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 732,
"width": 163,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.21831/jipi.v5i2.27519",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 743,
"width": 451,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "__________________________________________________________________________________",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 189,
"top": 43,
"width": 249,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 5 (2), 2019 - 249",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 57,
"width": 286,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Isna Amanatul Hayati, Dadan Rosana, Sukardiyono Sukardiyono",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 790,
"width": 203,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright © 2019, Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA ISSN 2406-9205 (print), ISSN 2477-4820 (online)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 88,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 106,
"width": 218,
"height": 377,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perkembangan pengetahuan dan teknologi yang terus berjalan dengan cepat menuntut indi- vidu untuk dapat mengikuti dan menginternal- isasi kemajuan. Mereka dituntut untuk menjadi individu yang melek sains sehingga dapat ber- pikir logis dan kreatif, memiliki kemampuan pengambilan keputusan dan pemecahan masalah (Çakır & Sarıkaya, 2010). Pengetahuan dunia meningkat dengan cepat sebagai hasil pengujian ide-ide baru di seluruh dunia yang dapat dicapai melalui sistem pendidikan (Hodosyová et al., 2015; Yalçin et al., 2009). Pendidikan merupakan sebuah hal penting yang harus dimiliki oleh setiap orang. Setiap individu dapat mengembang- kan pengetahuan dan kepribadiannya melalui proses pendidikan. Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia nomor 20 tahun 2003 tentang sistem pendidikan nasional (2003) pasal 3 menyatakan bahwa tujuan dari pendidikan adalah mengembangkan potensi peserta didik agar men- jadi manusia yang beriman dan bertakwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, berakhlak mulia, sehat, berilmu, cakap, kreatif, mandiri, dan menjadi warga negara yang demokratis serta bertanggung jawab. Pendidikan tidak bisa dipisahkan dari sistem pembelajaran yang dilakukan di sekolah. Tujuan dari pembelajaran yang benar yaitu sebagai dasar yang kuat untuk menciptakan sum- ber daya manusia yang berkualitas (Handayani, 2009; Jumriani & Prasetyo, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 486,
"width": 218,
"height": 288,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kurikulum 2013 menekankan peserta didik untuk terlibat pada proses pembelajaran yang bersifat aktif (Astuti et al., 2018; Hanifah & Irambona, 2019; Poerbowarni, 2019). Guru ha- nya berperan sebagai fasilitator dan bukan satu- satunya sumber belajar peserta didik. Peserta didik lebih didorong untuk mengeksplorasi dan mencari tahu pengetahuan dari fenomena alam secara nyata maupun dari berbagai media yang ada untuk digunakan sebagai sumber belajar. Sumber belajar dapat diperoleh dari lingkungan belajar atau sesuatu yang tersedia di sekitar agar dapat memberikan rangsangan bagi peserta didik untuk mempercepat pemahaman pada suatu bidang ilmu tertentu. Sarana pendukung yang dapat membantu peserta didik dalam proses pem- belajaran salah satunya yaitu bahan ajar. Keterse- diaan bahan ajar belum terpenuhi secara optimal, karena sekolah hanya memiliki buku-buku cetak dengan cakupan materi yang masih umum. Ba- han ajar seharusnya disesuaikan dengan kondisi, situasi dan potensi yang dimiliki oleh suatu daerah. Kelengkapan bahan ajar merupakan salah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 88,
"width": 218,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "satu komponen yang dapat membantu guru dan peserta didik dalam proses pembelajaran. Penca- paian tujuan pembelajaran dapat ditentukan dengan adanya bahan ajar yang sesuai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 138,
"width": 219,
"height": 352,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Salah satu contoh bahan ajar yang biasa digunakan adalah modul (Rahayu & Sudarmin, 2015). Modul merupakan suatu paket bahan ajar yang terdiri dari tujuan, urutan kegiatan pembel- ajaran, dan evaluasi yang memberikan instruksi secara mandiri untuk membangun keterampilan dan pengetahuan (Robinson & Crittenden, 1972; Sejpal, 2013). Penggunaan modul dilakukan agar peserta didik dapat belajar secara mandiri dan tidak bergantung pada orang lain. Modul dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran bisa dengan bim- bingan guru maupun tidak dengan bimbingan guru. Penggunaan modul seharusnya dapat mengatasi keterbatasan ruang, waktu dan daya indera peserta didik maupun pendidik dalam me- lakukan proses pembelajaran. Modul memiliki format yang terdiri dari petunjuk untuk peserta didik atau guru, kompetensi yang dicapai, isi ma- teri, informasi pendukung, latihan soal, lembar kerja, evaluasi dan hasil evaluasi (Depdiknas, 2008). Tujuan pembuatan modul dilakukan untuk memudahkan dan memperjelas penyajian agar peserta didik tertarik untuk belajar. Adanya mo- dul yang dikemas secara sistematis diharapkan dapat membantu peserta didik untuk lebih mudah dalam mencapai kompetensi yang diharapkan sesuai dengan kemampuan yang dimiliki masing- masing peserta didik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 493,
"width": 219,
"height": 288,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil observasi dan wawancara dengan guru IPA SMP N 3 Cilacap menunjukkan bahwa belum adanya ketersediaan bahan ajar yang se- suai dengan tuntutan kurikulum dan karakteristik peserta didik. Guru masih menggunakan bahan ajar berupa buku-buku paket yang tersedia di per- pustakaan sekolah. Penyusunan bahan ajar seha- rusnya disesuaikan dengan karakteristik peserta didik tingkat SMP diantaranya harus terpadu, menarik dan berpikir secara nyata. Penampilan bahan ajar juga harus menarik, bahasa harus mudah dipahami, warna harus menarik, gambar yang digunakan harus nyata dan sesuai dengan tema. Buku-buku paket sekolah yang tersedia memiliki cakupan materi yang masih umum dan belum sesuai dengan kondisi dan potensi yang dimiliki daerah tersebut. Peserta didik masih jarang menggunakan modul yang memungkinkan mereka untuk dapat belajar secara mandiri dalam memahami suatu kompetensi. Bahan ajar yang digunakan harus bersifat kontekstual dan mampu memberdayakan lingkungan sekitar untuk di- manfaatkan sebagai sumber belajar. Salah satu-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 189,
"top": 43,
"width": 249,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 5 (2), 2019 - 250",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 57,
"width": 286,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Isna Amanatul Hayati, Dadan Rosana, Sukardiyono Sukardiyono",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 790,
"width": 203,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright © 2019, Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA ISSN 2406-9205 (print), ISSN 2477-4820 (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 218,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "nya dengan memanfaatkan potensi local yang dimiliki di daerah setempat untuk memudahkan peserta didik dalam membangun pengetahuan. Pemanfaatan potensi yang dimiliki, sesuai de- ngan peraturan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia nomor 20 tahun 2003 tentang sistem pendidikan nasional (2003) dan Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 81A tahun 2013 tentang implementasi kurikulum (2013), pemerintah menghendaki agar pembelajaran di sekolah me- masukkan unsur-unsur potensi lokal. Maka perlu dikembangkan adanya bahan ajar yang meman- faatkan potensi lokal yang dimiliki untuk mem- bantu peserta didik dalam proses pembelajaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 278,
"width": 219,
"height": 503,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pembelajaran sains diharapkan dapat memberikan ruang bagi peserta didik untuk dapat memperoleh pengalaman secara langsung dengan melibatkan permasalahan kehidupan sehari-hari dalam proses pembelajaran (Sugiyanto et al., 2012). Menurut Tawil dan Liliasari (2014) pem- belajaran sains memuat adanya proses dalam melakukan aktivitas ilmiah dan watak ilmiah yang harus dimiliki oleh peserta didik, bukan ha- nya mengedepankan aspek pengetahuan konsep. Keterampilan proses sains merupakan dasar un- tuk melakukan pemikiran dan penelitian ilmiah. Keterampilan ini dapat membantu peserta didik untuk memperoleh berbagai informasi dunia (Aydogdu, 2015). Peserta didik yang mampu mengembangkan keterampilan proses dapat lebih mudah menemukan pengetahuan baru dan me- ngembangkan pengetahuan yang sudah dimiliki melalui metode ilmiah. Hal ini sejalan dengan Idiege et al. (2017) yang mengemukakan bahwa keterampilan proses sains merupakan keterampil- an yang terjadi secara alami dan spontan dalam pikiran kita ketika kita berpikir secara individu, kolektif dan logis tentang cara kerja dunia atau alam. Keterampilan proses sains dapat dikem- bangkan melalui pengalaman-pengalaman lang- sung yang dilalui peserta didik sehingga ter- bentuk adanya pengalaman belajar. Peserta didik akan lebih menghayati proses yang dialami dengan lebih mudah. Keterampilan proses sains diklasifikasikan mejadi dua jenis yaitu keteram- pilan proses dasar (basic science process skills) dan keterampilan proses gabungan (integrated science process skills). Keterampian proses dasar terdiri dari mengamati, menyimpulkan, meng- ukur, mengkomunikasikan, mengelompokkan dan mempediksi. Sedangkan keterampilan proses gabungan terdiri dari mengontrol variabel, men- definisikan operasional, merumuskan hipotesis, menginterpretasi data, eksperimen, dan mencip-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 88,
"width": 218,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "takan model. Berdasarkan observasi awal, proses pembelajaran yang terjadi di kelas masih didomi- nasi dengan kegiatan ceramah dengan bantuan media berupa PPT dan buku LKS. Guru hanya mengedepankan peningkatan aspek knowledge sehingga keterampilan proses peserta didik be- lum digali secara maksimal. Dari hasil observasi dan wawancara terhadap guru IPA SMP N 3 Cilacap menyatakan bahwa peserta didik belum menguasai keterampilan proses secara menyelu- ruh hanya terbatas pada aspek tertentu diantara- nya aspek mengamati dan mengukur, sehingga masih perlu untuk dikembangkan aspek-aspek keterampilan proses lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 265,
"width": 219,
"height": 313,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains peserta didik dilakukan dengan merancang pembelajaran menggunakan pendekatan SETS (Science, Envi- ronment, Technology and society). Pembelajaran sains dengan pendekatan SETS menghubungkan konsep sains yang dipelajari dan kaitannya dengan lingkungan, teknologi dan masyarakat sebagai suatu bentuk keterkaitan terintegratif. Pendekatan SETS memiliki lima komponen da- lam pembelajarannya, terdiri dari pendahuluan, pembentukan konsep, aplikasi konsep, peman- tapan konsep dan penilaian (Poedjiadi, 2005). Pada tahap pendahuluan peserta didik disajikan isu-isu masalah yang tejadi dalam kehidupan se- hari-hari agar mereka dapat menggali pengetahu- an yang ada di dalamnya. Tahap pembentukan konsep peserta didik merekonstruksi konsep se- cara berangsur-angsur hingga menemukan kon- sep yang tepat. Tahap aplikasi konsep peserta didik menggunakan konsep yang telah dipelajari dalam kehidupan mereka sehari-hari. Tahap pe- mantapan konsep peserta didik memperbaiki konsep yang salah apabila masih terjadi miskonsepsi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 581,
"width": 218,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penerapan pendekatan SETS dalam pem- belajaran diharapkan dapat mendorong peserta didik untuk mencari dan membentuk sendiri pengetahuan yang ada di lingkungan sekitarnya kemudian diaplikasikan dalam kehidupan sehari- hari guna menyelesaikan persoalan yang terjadi. Tahap penilaian dilakukan oleh guru untuk mela- kukan evaluasi terhadap kemmapuan peserta didik dan proses pembelajaran yang telah dilaku- kan. Hal ini sesuai dengan tujuan penerapan SETS yaitu untuk meningkatkan keterampilan proses, pengetahuan pedagogis, pandangan epistimologis, pengetahuan ilmiah, perilaku kewarganegaraan serta pengambilan keputusan (Chowdhury, 2016; Suriawati & Mundilarto, 2019). Sejalan dengan pendapat yang menyata-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 190,
"top": 43,
"width": 247,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 5 (2), 2019 - 251",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 57,
"width": 286,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Isna Amanatul Hayati, Dadan Rosana, Sukardiyono Sukardiyono",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 790,
"width": 203,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright © 2019, Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA ISSN 2406-9205 (print), ISSN 2477-4820 (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 218,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kan bahwa pendekatan SETS memungkinkan peserta didik untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan yang menyangkut isu dunia nyata dan meng- haruskan mereka untuk menggunakan konsep- konsep dasar dan keterampilan proses (Akcay & Akcay, 2015).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 164,
"width": 218,
"height": 301,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mengangkat potensi lokal dengan pende- katan SETS diharapkan dapat meningkatkan ke- terampilan proses sains peserta didik secara lebih dalam. Pembelajaran yang mengintegrasikan po- tensi lokal akan menciptakan suasana dan lingkungan belajar yang kondusif. Potensi lokal merupakan potensi sumber daya spesifik yang dimiliki oleh suatu daerah baik berupa budaya, cara pandang, produktivitas, kreativitas, nilai dan norma yang dapat dikembangkan untuk mem- bangun kemandirian nasional (Khoiri et al., 2018). Integrasi potensi lokal dalam pembel- ajaran sains dilakukan agar peserta didik tidak melupakan identitas diri mereka dan diharapkan dapat mengembangkan potensi lokal yang dimi- liki di daerahnya masing-masing. Sebagian besar peserta didik kurang mengetahui dan menghor- mati terhadap potensi yang dimiliki serta menge- nali nilai-nilai kearifan lokal agar peserta didik menjadi manusia yang berkarakter (Susanti et al., 2017). Oleh karena itu, peneliti akan mengem- bangkan modul potensi lokal berbasis SETS untuk meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains peserta didik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 473,
"width": 54,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "METODE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 492,
"width": 221,
"height": 250,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian pengembangan (research and development) dengan mengadaptasi pada model 4-D (Four D Model) yaitu define, design, develop, dan disseminate (Fani & Sukoco, 2019; Sadidah & Wijaya, 2016) . Tahap define dilakukan dengan menetapkan tujuan disesuaikan dengan kendala dan kebutuhan peserta didik dalam pembelajaran. Tahap initerdiri dari analisis awal akhir, analisis peserta didik, analisis tugas, analisis konsep dan analisis tujuan pembelajaran. Tahap design dilakukan dengan merancang produk yang akan dikembangkan. Tahap ini terdiri dari penyusunan tes acuan patokan, pemilihan media, pemilihan format, dan pembuatan rancangan awal. Tahap develop dilakukan dengan memodifikasi produk awal yang telah dibuat pada tahap sebelumnya. Tahap ini terdiri atas penilaian ahli dan ujicoba pengembangan. Tahap disseminate dilakukan dengan menyebarluaskan produk yang telah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 88,
"width": 218,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dikembangkan. Tahapan Pengembangan modul dapat dilihat pada Gambar 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 336,
"top": 452,
"width": 192,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 1. Tahapan Pengembangan Modul",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 470,
"width": 218,
"height": 263,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Materi yang digunakan dalam modul po- tensi lokal berbasis SETS yaitu materi kelas VII semester genap pada pokok bahasan mengenai interaksi antara makhluk hidup dengan lingkung- an. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu menggunakan angket kelayakan modul potensi lokal berbasis SETS un- tuk ahli materi dan ahli media, angket penilaian guru IPA dan angket respon peserta didik. Modul potensi lokal berbasis SETS yang dikembangkan peneliti digunakan untuk meningkatkan keteram- pilan proses sains peserta didik. Lokasi penelitain dilakukan di SMP Negeri 3 Cilacap. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan dua kelas yaitu satu kelas eksperimen dan satu kelas kontrol. Kelas eksperimen menggunakan bahan ajar modul potensi lokal berbasis SETS yang dikembangkan, sedangkan kelas kontrol menggunakan bahan ajar yang biasa digunakan oleh guru IPA. Secara ringkas intrumen peneliti- an dapat dilihat pada Tabel 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 415,
"top": 118,
"width": 36,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Define",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 335,
"top": 130,
"width": 193,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Studi awal proses pembelajaran di sekolah, menganalisis kendala yang dihadapi dan menetapkan tujuan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 414,
"top": 213,
"width": 35,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Design",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 225,
"width": 174,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rancangan awal (daft I) modul potensi lokal berbasis SETS",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 412,
"top": 290,
"width": 39,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Develop",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 303,
"width": 195,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penilaian oleh dosen ahli dan guru IPA untuk melakukan revisi terhadap rancangan yang dikembangkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 403,
"top": 384,
"width": 61,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Disseminate",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 341,
"top": 397,
"width": 182,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menyebarluaskan produk yang telah dikembangkan setelah dilakukan ujicoba dan perbaikan produk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 189,
"top": 43,
"width": 248,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 5 (2), 2019 - 252",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 57,
"width": 286,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Isna Amanatul Hayati, Dadan Rosana, Sukardiyono Sukardiyono",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 790,
"width": 203,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright © 2019, Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA ISSN 2406-9205 (print), ISSN 2477-4820 (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 247,
"top": 88,
"width": 133,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 1. Instrumen Penelitian",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 107,
"width": 434,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Intrumen penelitian Jenis data Keterangan Lembar observasi kelas Data kualitatif Data yang digunakan untuk identifikasi awal pembelajaran disekolah Angket kelayakan modul oleh dosen ahli dan guru IPA Data kuantitatif dan data kualitatif Data untuk mengukur kelayakan modul dengan rentang skor skala 4 Angket respon peserta didik terhadap modul Data kuantitatif dan data kualitatif Data untuk mengukur kelayakan modul dengan rentang skor skala 4 Lembar keterlaksanaan pembelajaran Data kuantitatif dan data kualitatif Data penilaian keterlaksaan pembelajaran menggunakan pendekatan SETS Lembar evaluasi pretest dan posttest keterampilan proses sains Data kuantitatif Analisis gain dari pretest dan posttest keterampilan proses sains",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 247,
"width": 218,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analisis data yang dilakukan berupa ana- lisis kelayakan modul potensi lokal berbasis SETS yang divalidasi oleh dosen ahli (ahli materi dan ahli media). Penilaian juga dilakukan oleh guru IPA dan peserta didik untuk menentukan respon terhadap keterbacaan modul potensi lokal yang dikembangkan. Dari data yang diperoleh ada data yang berbentuk kualitatif dan data kuantitatf. Data kualitatif berupa saran dan revisi produk yang dikembangkan serta hasil obsrvasi awal. Data kualitatif ini dianalisis secara deskrip- tif sebagai bahan untuk melakukan perbaikan dan menyempurnakan terhadap produk yang dikem- bangkan. Data kuantitatif berupa skor penilaian oleh dosen ahli, guru IPA dan peserta didik diana- lisis menggunakan analisis statistik. Analisis yang dilakukan terhadap data kuantitatif melalui langkah-langkah sebagai berikut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 475,
"width": 219,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pertama , tabulasi data kuantitatif yang diperoleh sesuai dengan hasil penilaian pada setiap butir penilaian yang tersedia. Kedua , menghitung skor rata-rata dari setiap aspek yang diperoleh, dengan Persamaan Rumus 1, dengan 𝑋 adalah rerata skor penilaian, ∑ 𝑋𝑖 adalah jumlah skor seluruh aspek, dan n adalah jumlah penilai atau peserta didik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 579,
"width": 213,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "𝑋 = ∑ 𝑋𝑖 𝑛 𝑥 100 ...............................................(1)",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 608,
"width": 219,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ketiga , mengubah skor rata-rata menjadi skor kriteria dengan menggunakan skala konversi 4 dapat dilihat pada Tabel 2, dengan X adalah rerata skor penilaian, Xi adalah rata-rata ideal, dan Sbi adalah Simpangan baku ideal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 677,
"width": 192,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 2. Konversi Skor Skala 4 (Sugiyono,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 690,
"width": 188,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2010) Rentang Skor Nilai Kategori X > 𝑋𝑖 ̅ + 1,50 Sbi A",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 241,
"top": 721,
"width": 51,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sangat Baik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 730,
"width": 126,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "𝑋𝑖 ̅ + 1,50 Sbi > X ≥ 𝑋𝑖 ̅ B",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 241,
"top": 733,
"width": 21,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Baik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 742,
"width": 179,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "𝑋𝑖 ̅ > X ≥ 𝑋𝑖 ̅ - 1,50 Sbi C Cukup X < 𝑋𝑖 ̅ - 1,50 Sbi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 208,
"top": 756,
"width": 65,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "D Kurang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 247,
"width": 218,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil skor yang diperoleh selanjutnya di- konversikan berdasarkan kategori. Produk yang dikembangkan dikatakan layak digunakan seba- gai bahan ajar dalam proses pembelajaran sains apabila rata-rata skor validasi yang diperoleh > 2,5. Modul potensi lokal berbasis SETS layak digunakan apabila memperoleh presentase peni- laian 62,5% - 81,25% dengan kategori baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 348,
"width": 218,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keempat , menilai lembar evaluasi pretest dan posttest keterampilan proses sains untuk mengetahui keefektifan produk yang dikembang- kan. Analisis data yang dilakukan untuk yaitu dengan menentukan gain ternormalisasi dari pe- nilaian pretest dan posttest keterampilan proses sains yang diberikan. Secara matematis dapat dirumuskan dengan persamaan berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 452,
"width": 215,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "< 𝑔 > = 𝑁𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑖 𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 − 𝑁𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑖 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑆𝑘𝑎𝑙𝑎 𝑀𝑎𝑘𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙 − 𝑁𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑖 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 … … (2)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 486,
"width": 219,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Terdapat tiga kriteria dalam perhitungan gain yaitu rendah, sedang dan tinggi (Hake, 1999). Keterampilan proses sains mengalami pe- ningkatan apabila gain yang diperoleh mencapai kategori baik-sedang. Adapun kriteria gain ternormalisasi ditunjukkan pada Tabel 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 348,
"top": 568,
"width": 169,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 3. Kriteria Gain Ternormalisasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 359,
"top": 587,
"width": 154,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "G Kategori g ≥ 0,7 Tinggi 0,3 ≤ g < 0,7 Sedang g < 0,3 Rendah",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 640,
"width": 145,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 659,
"width": 218,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasil- kan produk modul potensi lokal berbasis SETS untuk meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains. Deskripsi data hasil penelitian dijabarkan meng- gunakan tahapan 4D model (Thiagarajan et al., 1974) sebagai berikut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 189,
"top": 43,
"width": 248,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 5 (2), 2019 - 253",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 57,
"width": 286,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Isna Amanatul Hayati, Dadan Rosana, Sukardiyono Sukardiyono",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 790,
"width": 203,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright © 2019, Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA ISSN 2406-9205 (print), ISSN 2477-4820 (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 36,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Define",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 106,
"width": 216,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tahap define dilakukan dengan studi lite- ratur dan studi lapangan. Kegiatan yang dilaku- kan pada tahap ini diantaranya:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 150,
"width": 97,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analisis Awal Akhir",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 169,
"width": 218,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analisi ini untuk mengidentifikasi masa- lah-masalah yang dihadapi sekolah dalam proses pembelajaran. Hasil studi lapangan terhadap proses pembelajaran di SMP Negeri 3 Cilacap menunjukkan bahwa sekolah ini memberikan perhatian yang besar terhadap pemanfaatan ling- kungan namun seringkali masih terbatas pada lingkungan sekolah seperti halaman maupun taman sekolah. Pengenalan potensi lokal kepada peserta didik masih terbatas dilakukan karena adanya beberapa kendala terkait waktu, resiko dan biaya yang digunakan. Bahan ajar yang digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran juga belum pernah diintegrasikan dengan potensi lokal daerah. Peserta didik biasa menggunakan buku paket dan LKS yang beredar di pasaran karena mudah didapatkan dan lebih praktis. Peserta didik belum menggunakan keterampilan proses yang dimiliki secara maksimal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 416,
"width": 101,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analisis Peserta Didik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 434,
"width": 218,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analisi ini diperoleh dari wawancara de- ngan guru IPA dan melakukan observasi pembel- ajaran di kelas. Dari kegiatan ini diketahui bahwa keterampilan proses peserta didik masih kurang dan perlu ditingkatkan. Peserta didik masih mam- pu jika melakukan pengamatan dan pengukuran, namun untuk keterampilan yang lain belum me- nguasai secara optimal. Semua kelas yang berada di SMP Negeri 3 Cilacap mempunyai kemampu- an akademik yang relatif sama, namun karakter- istik yang dimiliki peserta didik berbeda-beda dalam mengikuti pembelajaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 592,
"width": 71,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analisis Tugas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 610,
"width": 218,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analisis tugas ini dilakukan sesuai dengan kurikulum 2013 dengan mengacu pada kompe- tensi inti, kompetensi dasar, dan indikator. Kom- petensi yang akan dicapai mengenai interaksi makhluk hidup dengan lingkungan, yang akan dikembangkan dalam modul potensi lokal berba- sis SETS. Keterampilan proses yang dikembang- kan pada penelitian yaitu meramalkan, meng- golongkan, menyimpulkan, membuat keputusan, mengkomunikasikan, dan pemecahan persoalan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 743,
"width": 75,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analisis Konsep",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 762,
"width": 216,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analisis konsep dilakukan untuk meng- identifikasi konsep-konsep yang digunakan da-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 88,
"width": 218,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "lam materi pembelajaran yang diajarkan. Konsep ini dinyatakan dalam bentuk peta konsep.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 119,
"width": 148,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perumusan Tujuan Pembelajaran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 138,
"width": 219,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perumusan tujuan pembelajaran bertujuan untuk menyusun tujuan pembelajaran mengacu pada Kompetensi Inti (KI), Kompetensi Dasar (KD), dan indikator yang akan dicapai berdasar- kan potensi lokal yang akan dipelajari.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 207,
"width": 35,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Design",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 226,
"width": 216,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tahap design terdiri dari beberapa lang- kah, diantaranya:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 257,
"width": 144,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penyusunan Tes Acuan Patokan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 276,
"width": 219,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penyusunan tes acuan patokan dilakukan dengan menyusun instrumen yang digunakan da- lam penelitian. Adapun instrumen yang diguna- kan adalah angket kelayakan modul, angket res- pon peserta didik, angket keterlaksanaan pembel- ajaran menggunakan pendekatan SETS, soal pre- test dan posttest keterampilan sains peserta didik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 370,
"width": 78,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pemilihan Media",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 389,
"width": 218,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pemilihan media dilakukan untuk menen- tukan produk yang akan dikembangkan berdasar- kan analisis yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya. Produk modul potensi lokal berbasis SETS yang dikembangkan berupa modul cetak dengan mem- pertimbangkan kondisi sekolah dan karakter peserta didik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 483,
"width": 82,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pemilihan Format",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 502,
"width": 218,
"height": 212,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pemilihan format disesuaikan dengan ma- teri pembelajaran IPA yang digunakan dan kebu- tuhan peserta didik. Modul yang dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan SETS dengan materi pembelajaran yang dibagi menjadi tiga materi kegiatan yaitu kegiatan I mengenai komponen penyusun lingkungan, kegiatan II mengenai interaksi antar komponen penyusun lingkungan, dan kegiatan III mengenai aktivitas manusia yang mempengaruhi ekosistem. Bagian-bagian modul yang dikembangkan terdiri dari halaman judul, kata pengantar, daftar isi, standar kompetensi, in- dikator pencapaian, petunjuk penggunaan modul, bagian-bagian penting modul, pendekatan SETS, peta konsep, artikel sains, kegiatan belajar, uji kompetensi, petunjuk penilaian, rangkuman, glosarium, daftar pustaka dan kunci jawaban.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 723,
"width": 130,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pembuatan Rancangan Awal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 742,
"width": 219,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pembuatan rancangan awal merupakan hasil akhir dari tahap design . Pada tahap ini pe-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 189,
"top": 43,
"width": 248,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 5 (2), 2019 - 254",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 57,
"width": 286,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Isna Amanatul Hayati, Dadan Rosana, Sukardiyono Sukardiyono",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 790,
"width": 203,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright © 2019, Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA ISSN 2406-9205 (print), ISSN 2477-4820 (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 218,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "neliti sudah memiliki desain awal produk yang dikembangkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 119,
"width": 39,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Develop",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 138,
"width": 219,
"height": 237,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tahap pengembangan terdiri dari validasi ahli dan uji coba lapangan. Validasi ahli terdiri dari ahli materi dan ahli media. validasi ini dila- kukan oleh dosen dari Jurusan Pendidikan Bio- logi Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta dan dosen dari Jurusan Fisika Universitas Negeri Yogya- karta. Adapun aspek yang diukur terdiri dari kelayakan isi, penyajian, kebahasaan, kegrafikan, dan karakteristik. Adanya penilaian yang dilaku- kan terhadap modul potensi lokal berbasis SETS yang dikembangkan sebagai dasar untuk melaku- kan revisi terhadap saran dan masukan yang diberikan untuk menyempurnakan bahan ajar yang dikembangkan. Sedangkan untuk mengukur keterbacaan dilakukan penilaian oleh guru IPA SMP Negeri 3 Cilacap dan 9 peserta didik SMP Negeri 3 Cilacap. Berikut hasil penilaian modul potensi lokal berbasis SETS oleh dosen ahli, guru IPA dan peserta didik ditunjukkan pada Tabel 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 105,
"top": 384,
"width": 178,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 3. Penilaian Modul Potensi Lokal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 397,
"width": 69,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berbasis SETS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 416,
"width": 204,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penilaian Skor Rata-rata Kategori Ahli materi 3,72 3,82 Sangat baik Ahli media 3,92 Guru IPA 3,65 3,65 Sangat baik Peserta didik 3,28 3,28 Sangat baik",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 480,
"width": 218,
"height": 301,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil penilaian dosen ahli yang diperoleh menunjukkan rata-rata skor sebesar 3,71 dengan kategori sangat baik. Hal ini menunjukkan kela- yakan modul potensi lokal berbasis SETS layak untuk digunakan oleh peserta didik. Selanjutnya dilakukan penilaian oleh guru IPA dengan skor yang diperoleh sebesar 3,65 dengan kategori sangat baik. Peserta didik melakukan penilaian dengan skor yang diperoleh sebesar 3,28 dengan kategori sangat baik. Adanya penilaian yang dila- kukan disertai dengan saran dan masukan untuk melakukan revisi terhadap produk yang dikem- bangkan. Beberapa saran dan masukan yang diberikan, yaitu (1) gambar dalam modul harus jelas, (2) sistematika modul harus runtut, (3) interaksi komponen lngkungan digambarkan dengan foto yang riil, (4) membatasi ruang ling- kup lingkungan yang diambil, (5) pencatuman sumber gambar, (6) kesalahan bagian penulisan, (7) keterangan gambar masih kurang jelas, 8) menyajikan contoh factual aktivitas manusia terhadap lingkungan. Revisi ini dilakukan untuk menyempurnakan secara konten maupun tampil- an modul potensi lokal yang dikembangkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 88,
"width": 219,
"height": 212,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Modul potensi lokal berbasis SETS yang dikembangkan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains peserta didik. Uji lapangan dilakukan pada peserta didik kelas VII SMP Negeri 3 Cilacap. Pengujian yang dilakukan menggunakan dua kelas yaitu satu kelas eksperi- men dan satu kelas kontrol. Pengujian keteram- pilan proses sains menggunakan hasil pretest dan posttest. Pretest dilakukan untuk mengetahui ke- mampuan awal peserta didik sebelum mengguna- kan modul potensi lokal berbasis SETS. Sedang- kan posttest digunakan untuk mengukur pening- katan kemampuan peserta didik setelah meng- gunakan modul potensi lokal berbasis SETS. Pe- ningkatan keterampilan proses sains ditunjukkan pada hasil pengukuran menggunakan soal pretest dan posttest disajikan pada Tabel 4.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 325,
"top": 309,
"width": 214,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 4. Hasil Penilaian KPS Kelas Eksperimen",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 328,
"width": 206,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "No. Komponen Kelas Eksperimen Pretest Posttest <g> 1. Jumlah subjek 28 28 28 2. Nilai tertinggi 83,33 94,44 0,67 3. Nilai terendah 44,44 72,22 0,20 4. Rata-rata 65,08 80,75 0,45",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 405,
"width": 196,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 5. Hasil Penilaian KPS Kelas Kontrol",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 423,
"width": 207,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "No. Komponen Kelas Kontrol Pretest Posttest <g> 1. Jumlah subjek 28 28 28 2. Nilai tertinggi 77,78 88,89 0,57 3. Nilai terendah 50,00 61,11 0,12 4. Rata-rata 63,89 74,21 0,29",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 500,
"width": 219,
"height": 276,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil pretest dan posttest peserta didik un- tuk mengukur keterampilan proses sains selanjut- nya dianalisis untuk memperoleh gain skor. Ana- lisis gain skor bertujuan untuk mengetahui peng- ingkatan nilai keterampilan proses sebelum dan setelah menggunakan produk modul potensi lokal berbasis SETS. Berdasarkan tabel dapat dilihat bahwa rata hasil posttest kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan hasil pretest nya. Hasil perolehan gain skor kelas eksperimen memiliki rata-rata sebesar 0,45 dengan kategori sedang, dan rata-rata gain skor kelas kontrol sebesar 0,29 yang termasuk kate- gori rendah. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa modul potensi lokal berbasis SETS yang dikembangkan dapat meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains kelas eksperimen dibandingkan dengan kelas kontrol yang tidak menggunakan modul dalam pembelajarannya. Peserta didik lebih didorong untuk dapat menggunakan keterampilan proses seperti meramalkan peristiwa yang akan terjadi, menggolongkan objek berdasarkan persamaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 189,
"top": 43,
"width": 248,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 5 (2), 2019 - 255",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 57,
"width": 286,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Isna Amanatul Hayati, Dadan Rosana, Sukardiyono Sukardiyono",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 790,
"width": 203,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright © 2019, Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA ISSN 2406-9205 (print), ISSN 2477-4820 (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 216,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "atau perbedaan tertentu, menyimpulkan, mem- buat keputusan, mengkomunikasikan, dan mela- kukan pemecahan persoalan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 126,
"width": 218,
"height": 212,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keterampilan proses sains sangat penting digunakan oleh peserta didik dalam melakukan proses penemuan ilmiah. Keterampilan ini digu- nakan sebagai alat untuk menghasilkan dan menggunakan informasi ilmiah, memecahkan masalah dan melakukan penelitian ilmiah (Ediyanto et al., 2018). Adanya pembelajaran dengan menggunakan produk modul potensi lokal berbasis SETS dapat meningkatkan kete- rampilan proses sains peserta didik. Hal ini akan membantu peserta didik untuk dapat menyelesai- kan masalah-masalah yang terjadi disekitar me- reka. Keterampilan ini mempengaruhi kehidupan pribadi, social dan global individu. Melalui keterampilan ini peserta didik diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas dan standar hidup yang dimiliki (Aktamis & Ergin, 2008).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 341,
"width": 219,
"height": 389,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penggunaan modul potensi lokal berbasis SETS terbukti efektif untuk meningkatkan kete- rampilan proses sains peserta didik. Hal ini dapat dilihat pada perolehan nilai pretest posttest peserta didik setelah menggunakan produk yang dikembangkan. Kelas eksperimen mampu meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains lebih baik daripada kelas kontrol. Hal ini sesuai dengan hasil penelitian (Cahyaningtyas et al., 2017) yang menyatakan bahwa pembelajaran sains yang di- integrasikan dengan potensi lokal dapat mening- katkan keterampilan proses sains kelas VII. Pengintegrasian potensi lokal dalam kegiatan pembelajaran sains dapat mendorong peserta di- dik menjadi lebih aktif dan membuat pembel- ajaran itu sendiri berjalan secara alami. Hal ini dikarenakan peserta didik mengalami langsung atau merasa terlibat kegiatan sehari-hari dan bukan hanya transfer pengetahuan dari guru ke peserta didik, sehingga dapat meningkatkan kete- rampilan proses sains pada kelas eksperimen (Rahardini et al., 2017). Penggunaan STS berarti melibatkan peserta didik dalam pengalaman, per- tanyaan dan masalah yang terkait dengan kehi- dupan mereka. Situasi ini melibatkan peserta di- dik untuk mencari konsep dasar dan keterampilan proses yang dibutuhkan di masa depan. STS memberdayakan peserta didik dengan keteram- pilan yang memungkinkan mereka untuk menjadi warga negara yang aktif dan bertanggung jawab (Yager, 1992).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 739,
"width": 58,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Disseminate",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 758,
"width": 216,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tahap disseminate dilakukan dengan me- nyebarluaskan produk yang dikembangkan be-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 88,
"width": 218,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "rupa modul potensi lokal berbasis SETS setelah selesai melakukan uji coba produk. Penyebaran produk dilakukan kepada beberapa guru IPA SMP dalam bentuk cetak dan softfile agar dapat diimplementasikan dalam proses pembelajaran dikelas. Selain itu guru juga dapat melakukan adopsi terhadap modul untuk dikembangkan sesuai dengan kondisi sekolah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 195,
"width": 64,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "SIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 214,
"width": 219,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Modul potensi lokal berbasis SETS dengan materi interaksi antara makhluk hidup dengan lingkungan layak digunakan dalam proses pem- belajaran sains kelas VII. Keterampilan proses sains kelas eksperimen dengan menggunakan modul potensi lokal berbasis SETS mengalami peningkatan yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai gain yang diperoleh sebesar 0,49 dengan kategori sedang. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa modul potensi lokal berbasis SETS efektif untuk me- ningkatkan keterampilan proses peserta didik. Modul ini diharapkan dapat diterapkan dalam proses pembelajaran untuk membantu peserta didik memahami pembelajaran yang diajarkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 397,
"width": 133,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 415,
"width": 218,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Terimakasih saya ucapkan pada Kemen- terian Riset dan Teknologi dan Pendidikan Ting- gi Republik Indonesia yang telah membiayai se- bagian penelitian saya. Saya juga mengucapkan terimakasih pada dosen jurusan Pendidikan Sains, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Dr. Dadan Rosana, M.Si dan Dr. Sukardiyono, M.Si atas dukungan dan bimbingannya. Salam hormat untuk kedua orang tua saya, keluarga besar, dan teman-teman yang sudah mendukung saya dalam menyelesaikan tulisan ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 561,
"width": 104,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 579,
"width": 218,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Akcay, B., & Akcay, H. (2015). Effectiveness of science-technology-society (STS)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 352,
"top": 604,
"width": 190,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "instruction on student understanding of the nature of science and attitudes toward science. International Journal of Education in Mathematics Science and Technology , 3 (1), 37–45.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 671,
"width": 219,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Aktamis, H., & Ergin, Ö. (2008). The effect of scientific process skills education on students’ scientific creativity, science attitudes and academic achievements. Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching , 9 (1), 1–21.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 750,
"width": 219,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Astuti, D. A., Haryanto, S., & Prihatni, Y. (2018). Evaluasi implementasi kurikulum 2013.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 189,
"top": 43,
"width": 248,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 5 (2), 2019 - 256",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 57,
"width": 286,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Isna Amanatul Hayati, Dadan Rosana, Sukardiyono Sukardiyono",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 790,
"width": 203,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright © 2019, Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA ISSN 2406-9205 (print), ISSN 2477-4820 (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 88,
"width": 190,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Wiyata Dharma: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Evaluasi Pendidikan , 6 (1), 7–14. https://doi.org/10.30738/WIYATA",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 126,
"width": 102,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DHARMA.V6I1.3353",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 141,
"width": 219,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Aydogdu, B. (2015). The investigation of science process skills of science teachers in terms of some variables. Educational Research and Reviews , 10 (5), 582.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 195,
"width": 219,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Cahyaningtyas, R. N., Wilujeng, I., & Suryadarma, I. G. P. (2017). The effect of science learning based on an integrated scientific approach to local potential on the science process skill of the student. Unnes Science Education Journal , 6 (2). https://doi.org/10.15294/usej.v6i2.15857 Çakır, N. K., & Sarıkaya, M. (2010). An evaluation of science process skills of the science teaching majors. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences , 9 , 1592–1596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.12.3 70",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 365,
"width": 218,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Chowdhury, M. A. (2016). The integration of science-technology-society/science-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 391,
"width": 146,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "technology-society-environment",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 391,
"width": 191,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "and socio-scientific-issues for effective science education and science teaching. Electronic Journal of Science Education , 20 (5), 19– 38.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 457,
"width": 219,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ediyanto, E., Atika, I., Hayashida, M., & Kawai, N. (2018). A literature study of science process skill toward deaf and hard of hearing students. Proceedings of the 1st",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 508,
"width": 191,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Annual International Conference on Mathematics, Science, and Education (ICoMSE 2017) . https://doi.org/10.2991/icomse- 17.2018.23",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 574,
"width": 219,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fani, R. A., & Sukoco, P. (2019). Volleyball learning media using method of teaching games for understanding adobe flash- based. Psychology, Evaluation, and Technology in Educational Research , 2 (1), 34. https://doi.org/10.33292/petier.v2i1.6 Hake, R. R. (1999). Analyzing change/Gain scores .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 678,
"width": 186,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "http://www.physics.indiana.edu/~sdi/Anal yzingChange-Gain.pdf",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 706,
"width": 218,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Handayani, S. (2009). Muatan life skill dalam pembelajaran di sekolah upaya menciptakan sumber daya manusia yang bermutu. Prosiding Konferensi Internasional Pendidikan, UPI-UPISI Di Malaysia .",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 88,
"width": 219,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hanifah, M., & Irambona, A. (2019). Authentic assessment: Evaluation and its application in science learning. Psychology,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 352,
"top": 126,
"width": 189,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Evaluation, and Technology in Educational Research , 1 (2).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 352,
"top": 151,
"width": 168,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.33292/petier.v1i2.4",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 167,
"width": 219,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hodosyová, M., Útla, J., MonikaVanyová, Vnuková, P., & Lapitková, V. (2015). The development of science process skills in physics education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences , 186 , 982–989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.1 84",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 258,
"width": 218,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Idiege, K. J., Nja, C. O., & Ugwu, A. N. (2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 352,
"top": 271,
"width": 190,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Development of science process skills among nigerian secondary school science students and pupils: An opinion. International Journal of Chemistry Education , 1 (2), 13–21.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 337,
"width": 219,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jumriani, J., & Prasetyo, Z. K. (2017). Important roles of local potency based science learning to support the 21st century learning. European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences , 1 (1), 6. https://doi.org/10.26417/ejef.v1i1.p6-16",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 416,
"width": 218,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Khoiri, A., Syifa, A., & Mubin, N. (2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 352,
"top": 429,
"width": 190,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Potential local physics based learning of jepara district to improve science process skills and students entrepreneurship. Formatif: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan MIPA ,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 518,
"top": 479,
"width": 23,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "8 (1).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 352,
"top": 492,
"width": 187,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.30998/formatif.v8i1.236",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 352,
"top": 505,
"width": 8,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 520,
"width": 219,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 81A tahun 2013 tentang implementasi kurikulum, Pub. L. No. 81A (2013).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 574,
"width": 219,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Poedjiadi, A. (2005). Sains teknologi masyarakat model pembelajaran kontekstual bermuatan nilai . Remaja Rosdakarya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 615,
"width": 219,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Poerbowarni, E. (2019). Patterns of teacher- students interaction based on the textbook “When English Rings A Bell” for seventh grade: A classroom discourse study. Journal of English Language and Pedagogy , 1 (2). https://doi.org/10.36597/JELP.V1I2.4120 Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia nomor 20 tahun 2003 tentang sistem pendidikan nasional, Pub. L. No. 20, Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia 26 (2003).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 760,
"width": 219,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rahardini, R. R. B., Suryadarma, I. G. P., & Wilujeng, I. (2017). The effect of science",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 190,
"top": 43,
"width": 247,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 5 (2), 2019 - 257",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 57,
"width": 286,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Isna Amanatul Hayati, Dadan Rosana, Sukardiyono Sukardiyono",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 790,
"width": 203,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright © 2019, Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA ISSN 2406-9205 (print), ISSN 2477-4820 (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 88,
"width": 191,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "learning integrated with local potential to improve science process skills. AIP Conference Proceedings 1868 , 080008. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4995192",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 141,
"width": 218,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rahayu, W. E., & Sudarmin, S. (2015).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 154,
"width": 190,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengembangan modul IPA terpadu berbasis etnosains tema energi dalam kehidupan untuk menanamkan jiwa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 192,
"width": 190,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "konservasi siswa. Unnes Science Education Journal , 4 (2). https://doi.org/10.15294/usej.v4i2.7943",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 233,
"width": 218,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Robinson, J. W., & Crittenden, W. B. (1972). Learning modules: A concept for extension educators? Journal of Extension , 10 (4), 35–44. https://www.joe.org/joe/1972winter/1972-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 296,
"width": 40,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4-a3.pdf",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 312,
"width": 218,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sadidah, A., & Wijaya, A. (2016). Developing mathematics learning set for special-needs junior high school student oriented to learning interest and achievement. Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika , 3 (2), 150. https://doi.org/10.21831/jrpm.v3i2.10866 Sejpal, K. (2013). Modular method of teaching.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 403,
"width": 190,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "International Journal for Research in Education , 2 (2), 169–171.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 432,
"width": 218,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sugiyanto, S., Kartika, I., & Purwanto, J. (2012). Pengembangan modul IPA terpadu berbasis sains-lingkungan-teknologi- masyarakat dengan tema teknologi biogas. Jurnal Kependidikan: Penelitian Inovasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 495,
"width": 68,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pembelajaran ,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 495,
"width": 190,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "42 (1). https://doi.org/10.21831/jk.v42i1.2232",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 523,
"width": 218,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sugiyono. (2010). Metode penelitian kuantitatif kualitatif dan R & D . Alfabeta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 551,
"width": 218,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Suriawati, S., & Mundilarto, M. (2019). SETS approach-based audiovisual media for",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 352,
"top": 85,
"width": 190,
"height": 76,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "improving the students’ critical thinking skills. Psychology, Evaluation, and Technology in Educational Research , 1 (2), 95–103. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.33292/ petier.v1i2.15",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 167,
"width": 218,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Susanti, S., Prasetyo, Z. K., & Wilujeng, I.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 352,
"top": 179,
"width": 190,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(2017). Comparative effectiveness of science integrated learning local potential of essential oil clove leaves in improving science generic skills. International Journal of Environmental & Science",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 243,
"width": 219,
"height": 76,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Education , 12 (8), 1817–1827. http://www.ijese.net/makale/1944.html Tawil, M., & Liliasari, L. (2014). Keterampilan- keterampilan sains dan implementasi dalam pembelajaran IPA . Universitas Negeri Makassar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 324,
"width": 219,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Thiagarajan, S., Semmel, D. S., & Semmel, M. I. (1974). Instructional development for training teachers of exceptional children:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 352,
"top": 362,
"width": 189,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "A sourcebook . may be ordered from the Council for Exceptional Children.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 391,
"width": 219,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yager, R. E. (1992). The status of science- technology-society reform efforts around the world . International Council of Assoclations for Science Education.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 444,
"width": 219,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yalçin, S. A., Turgut, Ü., & Büyükkasap, E. (2009). The effect of project based learning on science undergraduates’ learning of electricity, attitude towards physics and scientific process skills.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 352,
"top": 508,
"width": 61,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "International",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 352,
"top": 508,
"width": 189,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Online Journal of Educational Sciences , 1 (1), 81–105. http://www.iojes.net//userfiles/Article/IOJ ES_134.pdf",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
92c08c72-7c0c-d696-242d-71c5da9a0c74 | https://ejournal.unisba.ac.id/index.php/amwaluna/article/download/2211/1838 | [
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 352,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amwaluna: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah Vol. 1 No.2 (Juli, 2017), Hal 178-189 Online ISSN : 2540-8402 | Print ISSN : 2540-8399",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 756,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "178",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 769,
"width": 315,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Received : 2017-02-25 | Reviced : 2017-07-31 |Accepted: 2017-07-31 Indexed : DOAJ, Garuda, Crossref, Google Scholar | DOI : https://doi.org/10.29313/amwaluna.v1i2.2211",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 77,
"width": 431,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENGARUH DESAIN PRODUK, PROMOSI, DAN CITRA MEREK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 182,
"top": 118,
"width": 234,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ardi Ansah Universitas Islam Batik Surakarta Jl. KH. Agus Salim No. 10 Surakarta, Indonesia [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 269,
"top": 187,
"width": 61,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 208,
"width": 455,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh Desain Produk, Promosi dan Citra Merek secara bersama-sama dan secara parsial terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Sepatu Nike Original di Sport Station Solo. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner dan wawancara. Teknis analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji asumsi klasik, uji regresi linier berganda, dan uji hipotesis. Hasil pengujian menggunakan program SPSS bahwa dapat diperoleh untuk R 2 sebesar 25,4%. Artinya secara bersama-sama terdapat pengaruh Desain Produk (X 1 ), Promosi (X 2 ) dan Citra Merek (X 3 ) terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Y), sedangkan sisanya sebesar 74,6% dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel lain di luar model dalam penelitian ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 360,
"width": 320,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci : Desain Produk, Promosi, Keputusan Pembelian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 387,
"width": 48,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 401,
"width": 454,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This study aims to analyze the effect of Product Design, Promotion and Brand Image together and partially on the Decision to Purchase Original Nike Shoes at Solo Sport Station. The types of data used are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques in this study used questionnaires and interviews. The technical data analysis in this study used the classical assumption test, multiple linear regression test, and hypothesis test. The test results using the SPSS program that can be obtained for R2 is 25.4%. This means that together there are effects of Product Design (X1), Promotion (X2) and Brand Image (X3) on Purchase Decisions (Y), while the remaining 74.6% can be explained by other variables outside the model in this study.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 539,
"width": 297,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Product Design, Promotion, Purchase Decision",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 574,
"width": 115,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "I. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 594,
"width": 214,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Melihat fenomena ini perusahaan asing seperti Adidas, Nike, Puma, New balance, Reebok, Umbro merespons dengan baik permintaan pasar di bidang sepatu olahraga. Persaingan yang ketat pun terjadi sehingga para produsen berlomba-lomba untuk menciptakan produk yang lebih",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 573,
"width": 214,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "unggul dari kompetitor untuk memuaskan para konsumen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 615,
"width": 214,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kondisi yang berbeda-beda serta persaingan dalam dunia bisnis yang kian ketat terutama persaingan yang berasal dari perusahaan sejenis, perusahaan semakin dituntut agar bergerak lebih cepat dalam hal menarik konsumen. Sehingga perusahaan yang menerapkan konsep pemasaran perlu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 352,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amwaluna: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah Vol. 1 No.2 (Juli, 2017), Hal 178-189",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "179",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 215,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mencermati perilaku konsumen dan faktor- faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan pembeliannya dalam usaha-usaha pemasaran sebuah produk yang dilakukan. Hal tersebut dikarenakan dalam konsep pemasaran, salah satu cara untuk mencapai tujuan perusahaan adalah dengan mengetahui apa kebutuhan dan keinginan konsumen atau pasar sasaran serta memberikan kepuasan yang diharapkan secara lebih efektif dan efisien dibandingkan para pesaing.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 323,
"width": 215,
"height": 425,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nike Inc sebagai salah satu perusahaan sepatu besar dunia yang membesarkan namanya karena sering menjadi sponsor para atlet dan olahragawan popular di dunia sehingga selalu di ekpose media. Hingga saat ini hampir sepertiga sepatu yang beredar di Indonesia merupakan produk Nike Inc. Nike merupakan merk sepatu yang banyak diminati dan berpengalaman, tidak mengherankan jika merek Nike memiliki citra merek yang kuat karena memiliki merek yang mengglobal, terus mengikuti perkembangan zaman dan merealisasikan keinginan para konsumennya. Nike selalu menyesuaikan dengan apa yang sedang menjadi tren saat ini. Perusahaan selalu menganalisa perkembangan pasar, khususnya pada segmen kalangan remaja. Nike selalu menginovasikan produknya seperti menyediakan berbagai pilihan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 75,
"width": 214,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "warna dan desain produk yang menarik di mata konsumennya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 116,
"width": 215,
"height": 632,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Meskipun suatu produk berkualitas tinggi, bila konsumen belum pernah mendengarnya dan tidak yakin bahwa produk itu akan berguna bagi mereka, maka mereka tidak akan pernah membelinya. Supaya merk suatu produk dikenal secara luas oleh konsumen maka perlu adanya kegiatan pemasaran yang lain yaitu promosi produk atau merek (Tjiptono, 2008) mengatakan bahwa pada hakekatnya promosi adalah suatu bentuk komunikasi pemasaran. Komunikasi pemasaran adalah aktivitas pemasaran yang berusaha menyebarkan informasi, mempengaruhi dan mengingatkan pasar sasaran atas perusahaan dan produknya, agar bersedia menerima, membeli, dan loyal pada produk yang ditawarkan perusahaan yang bersangkutan. Selaras dengan penelitian (Purwanto, 2008) bahwa kualitas produk, promosi dan desain berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian produk sepeda motor Yamaha Mio. Penelitian ini juga diperkuat lagi oleh (Achidah, Warso, & Hasiholan, 2016) yang mengatakan bahwa dari persamaan regresi linier berganda uji t diperoleh secara individu variabel promosi, harga dan desain berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada taraf 5%. Dari hasil uji f bahwa secara bersama – sama yaitu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 39,
"width": 283,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ardi Ansah, Pengaruh Desain Produk, Promosi, Dan Citra…",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 769,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "180",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 782,
"width": 198,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Online ISSN : 2540-8402 | Print ISSN : 2540-8399",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 214,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "promosi, harga dan desain berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 116,
"width": 214,
"height": 425,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nike melakukan strategi merek dengan cara mematok target pasarnya yaitu para remaja yang dinamis dan gaya hidup yang tinggi. Nike menciptakan sebuah branding di kalangan remaja yaitu sebagai ‘syarat’ penerimaan di lingkungan mereka. Gaya hidup para remaja yang cenderung dinamis mengikuti trend membuat Nike juga mengikuti trend sehingga akan menarik para remaja dan membuat merek Nike menjadi kuat. Merek dagang dalam dunia bisnis dapat dinyatakan sebagai salah satu bentuk monopoli bisnis. Tentunya hal ini harus didukung promosi dan iklan atas produk tersebut untuk pengenalan kepada konsumen. Nike menganggap iklan bukan menjual produk, tetapi menjual merek. Nike dalam merancang pesan dengan menggabungkan nama merek dan citra ke dalam strutur budaya olah raga dan menggunakan kekuatan emosionalnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 551,
"width": 215,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Melihat kiprah Nike yang telah berpengalaman dari beberapa tahun melayani kebutuhan konsumen maka citra merek yang timbul sudah sangatlah kuat. Citra merek adalah kesan merek yang diberikan oleh perusahaan mengenai gambaran suatu produk dengan membangun karakter produk yang berbeda dengan produk pesaing, agar produk tersebut dapat menarik minat konsumen",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 75,
"width": 215,
"height": 673,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "untuk membeli serta dapat memberikan citra yang positif di benak konsumen. Kini produk-produk Nike tidak hanya sepatu, namun juga merambah ke ragam produk lain seperti jaket, topi, jam tangan, serta produk olahraga lainnya. Baru-baru ini Nike juga memperkenalkan pengembangan iPod yang bisa dikombinasikan pada sepatu lari. Pemasangan chip dalam sepatu mampu mengirimkan data ke iPod, yang salah satu fungsinya adalah untuk menghitung jumlah langkah. Dalam membuat suatu karakter produk yang menarik minat konsumen untuk membeli, perusahaan perlu memperhatikan dari segi kualitas produk serta memberikan desain produk menarik sesuai dengan keinginan dan kebutuhan konsumen serta memberikan harga yang baik agar persepsi harga atas produk menjadi positif. Hal ini akan memberikan citra mereka yang positif dari konsumen terhadap produk yang ditawarkan. Berdasarkan latar belakang yang ada, maka rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: pertama , apakah desain produk, promosi dan citra merek berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap keputusan pembelian sepatu nike original pada pelanggan sport station solo?, kedua , apakah desain produk berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian sepatu nike original pada pelanggan sport station solo?, ketiga , apakah promosi berpengaruh",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 352,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amwaluna: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah Vol. 1 No.2 (Juli, 2017), Hal 178-189",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "181",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 214,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "terhadap keputusan pembelian sepatu nike original pada pelanggan sport station solo?, keempat, apakah citra merek berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian sepatu nike original pada pelanggan sport station solo?.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 178,
"width": 215,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan diskriptif analisis. Untuk membatasi variabel penelitian maka . Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh konsumen Sport Stasion di Solo. Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu konsumen Nike yang terdapat di Sport Stasion Solo yang berjumlah 100 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan menggunakan teknik Non- Probability",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 406,
"width": 214,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sampling. (Arikunto, 1998) . berikut definisi variabel :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 125,
"top": 448,
"width": 108,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1 Definisi Operasional",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 489,
"width": 194,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No. Variabel Definisi Operasional 1. Keputusan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 101,
"top": 511,
"width": 194,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembelian Suatu proses pengambilan keputusan dalam membeli",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 163,
"top": 552,
"width": 132,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "suatu produk yang dimulai dari pengenalan masalah, pencarian informasi, penilaian alternatif, membuat keputusan pembelian dan akhirnya didapatkan perilaku setelah membeli yaitu puas atau tidak puas atas suatu produk yang",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 403,
"top": 75,
"width": 122,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dibelinya (Kotler, 2005).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 128,
"width": 223,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Desain Produk Desain dapat membentuk atau memberikan atribut pada suatu produk, sehingga dapat menjadi ciri khas pada merek suatu produk. Ciri khas dari suatu produk tersebut pada akhirnya akan dapat membedakannya dengan produk-produk sejenis merek lain dari pesaing",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 403,
"top": 356,
"width": 132,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Kotler dan Amstrong, 2001).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 398,
"width": 223,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Promosi Arus informasi atau persuasi satu arah yang dibuat untuk mengarahkan seseorang atau organisasi kepada tindakan yang menciptakan pertukaran dalam pemasaran (Swasta dan Irawan (1990: 349).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 564,
"width": 223,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Citra Merek Sejenis asosiasi yang muncul di benak konsumen ketika",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 403,
"top": 626,
"width": 132,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mengingat sebuah merek tertentu. Asosiasi tersebut bisa berupa ingatan mengenai merek tersebut (Shimp, 2003).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 39,
"width": 283,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ardi Ansah, Pengaruh Desain Produk, Promosi, Dan Citra…",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 769,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "182",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 782,
"width": 198,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Online ISSN : 2540-8402 | Print ISSN : 2540-8399",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 214,
"height": 342,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini: data primer yaitu data yang diperoleh secara langsung dari sumber asli (tanpa perantara). Data primer yang ada dalam penelitian ini merupakan hasil penyebaran kuesioner pada sampel yang telah ditentukan berupa data mentah yang digunakan untuk mengetahui respon dari responden. Data sekunder merupakan merupakan data primer yang telah diolah lebih lanjut dan disajikan baik oleh pihak pengumpul data primer oleh pihak lain (Husein 38 Umar, 2000). Dalam penelitian ini, data sekunder bersumber dari studi pustaka melalui berbagai jurnal, artikel majalah pemasaran, maupun artikel yang diambil dari internet.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 427,
"width": 76,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Instrumen",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 447,
"width": 215,
"height": 301,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian data merupakan penggambaran variabel yang diteliti dan berfungsi sebagai pembuktian hipotesis, sehingga memiliki kedudukan yang sangat penting. Kuesioner sebagai instrumen yang baik harus valid dan reliabel. Dalam penelitian ini pengujian validitas dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Pearson Product Moment dengan bantuan SPSS 21.0 for Windows. Pengujian reliabilitas menggunakan teknik koefisien Cronbach Alpha (á) dengan bantuan SPSS 21.0 for Windows . Cronbach Alpha adalah koefisien keandalan yang menunjukkan seberapa baik item dalam suatu kumpulan secara",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 75,
"width": 214,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "positif berkorelasi satu sama lain (Sekaran, 2006). Suatu variabel dapat dikatakan reliabel jika memberikan nilai cronbach alpha > 0,6. (Priyatno, 2009).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 158,
"width": 111,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teknik Analisis Data",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 178,
"width": 214,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini antara lain menggunakan :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 220,
"width": 212,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Uji asumsi klasik: uji normalitas, uji multikolinearitas, uji heteroskedastisitas",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 282,
"width": 147,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Uji regresi linier berganda",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 302,
"width": 211,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Uji hipotesis: uji f, uji t, koefisien determinasi (R 2",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 365,
"width": 125,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "II. LANDASAN TEORI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 385,
"width": 137,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A. Keputusan Pembelian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 406,
"width": 214,
"height": 239,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut (Kotler & Kevin, 2009) keputusan pembelian dalam tahap evaluasi, konsumen membentuk preferensi antar merek dalam kumpulan piliham. Konsumen mungkin juga membentuk maksud untuk membeli merek yang paling disukai. Dalam melaksanakan maksud pembelian, konsumen dapat membentuk lima subkeputusan: merek (merek A), penyalur (penyalur 2), kuantitas (satu komputer), waktu (akhir minggu) dan metode pembayaran (kartu kredit).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 655,
"width": 93,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Desain Produk",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 675,
"width": 214,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Desain produk adalah nilai yang terkandung dalam suatu produk dan berupa penampilan produk yang khas dan menarik serta menjadi pembeda dengan produk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 352,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amwaluna: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah Vol. 1 No.2 (Juli, 2017), Hal 178-189",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "183",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 214,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pesaing, dimana desain produk dapat menghasilkan daya pikat tersendiri yang menarik menurut (Rian Pramono, 2012).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 137,
"width": 67,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Promosi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 158,
"width": 214,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Promosi adalah suatu komunikasi dari penjual dan pembeli yang berasal dari informasi yang tepat yang bertujuan untuk merubah sikap dan tingkah laku pembeli, yang tadinya tidak mengenal menjadi mengenal sehingga menjadi pembeli dan tetap mengingat produk tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 302,
"width": 214,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan pengertian ini maka promosi merupakan aktifitas komunikasi yang berasal dari informasi yang tepat. (Laksana,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 365,
"width": 31,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2008)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 406,
"width": 81,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Citra Merek",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 427,
"width": 214,
"height": 342,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peter & Olson (dalam Lutiary Eka Ratri, 2007) Citra merek didefinisikan sebagai persepsi konsumen dan preferensi terhadap merek, sebagaimana yang direfleksikan oleh berbagai macam asosiasi merek yang ada dalam ingatan konsumen. Meskipun asosiasi merek dapat terjadi dalam berbagai macam bentuk tapi dapat dibedakan menjadi asosiasi performansi dan asosiasi imajeri yang berhubungan dengan atribut dan kelebihan merek. Citra merek ( Brand Image ) merupakan representasi dari keseluruhan persepsi terhadap merek dan dibentuk dari informasi dan pengalaman masa lalu terhadap merek itu. Citra terhadap merek berhubungan dengan sikap yang berupa keyakinan dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 75,
"width": 215,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "preferensi terhadap suatu merek. Konsumen yang memiliki citra yang positif terhadap suatu merek, akan lebih memungkinkan untuk melakukan pembelian. (Setiadi, 2003)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 178,
"width": 125,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Kerangka Pemikiran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 341,
"top": 205,
"width": 200,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DESAIN PRODUK (XI) PROMOSI (X2) CITRA MERK (X3) KEPUTUSANPEMBELIAN (Y)",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 357,
"width": 162,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2.1 Kerangka Pemikiran Keterangan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 399,
"width": 214,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Variabel independen : Desain Produk (X1),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 420,
"width": 159,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Promosi (X2), Citra Merek (X3)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 440,
"width": 114,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Variabel dependen :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 472,
"top": 440,
"width": 54,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keputusan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 461,
"width": 214,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembelian (Y) Hipotesis 1. Hubungan Desain Produk dan Keputusan pembelian",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 544,
"width": 211,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Hubungan Promosi dan Keputusan pembelian",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 585,
"width": 211,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Hubungan Citra Merek dan Keputusan pembelian",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 627,
"width": 102,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B. PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 647,
"width": 215,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji validitas dilakukan dengan menggunakan rumus Pearson Correlation Product Moment angka kasar. Dengan taraf signifikan 5%, kriteria pengujian apabila nilai r hitung yang diperoleh dari hasil penghitungan lebih besar dari r tabel berarti",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 39,
"width": 283,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ardi Ansah, Pengaruh Desain Produk, Promosi, Dan Citra…",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 769,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "184",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 782,
"width": 198,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Online ISSN : 2540-8402 | Print ISSN : 2540-8399",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 215,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "item tersebut valid dan sebaliknya apabila r hitung lebih kecil dari r tabel berarti item tersebut tidak valid. Pengujian validitas terhadap kuesioner dilakukan dengan bantuan program SPSS versi 21.0 for windows .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 159,
"top": 199,
"width": 41,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 220,
"width": 213,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil Pengujian Validitas Desain Produk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 241,
"width": 209,
"height": 179,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(X 1 ) No r hitung r tabel Sig. Status 1 2 3 4 5 0,761 0,689 0,758 0,562 0,444 0,396 0,396 0,396 0,396 0,396 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,003 0,026 Valid Valid Valid Valid Valid Tabel 3",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 430,
"width": 209,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil Pengujian Validitas Promosi (X 2 ) No r hitung r tabel Sig. Status 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 473,
"width": 208,
"height": 178,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 3 4 5 0,577 0,792 0,736 0,492 0,658 0,396 0,396 0,396 0,396 0,396 0,003 0,000 0,000 0,012 0,000 Valid Valid Valid Valid Valid Tabel 4 Hasil Pengujian Validitas Citra Merek (X 3 )",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 661,
"width": 171,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No r hitung r tabel Sig. Status",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 683,
"width": 169,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 2 3 4 0,867 0,833 0,781 0,802 0,396 0,396 0,396 0,396 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 Valid Valid Valid",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 745,
"width": 30,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Valid",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 76,
"width": 204,
"height": 269,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5 0,740 0,396 0,000 Valid Tabel 5 Hasil Pengujian Validitas Keputusan Pembelian (Y) No r hitung r tabel Sig. Status 1 2 3 4 5 0,926 0,916 0,775 0,846 0,816 0,396 0,396 0,396 0,396 0,396 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 Valid Valid",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 451,
"top": 293,
"width": 30,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Valid",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 451,
"top": 313,
"width": 30,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Valid",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 451,
"top": 334,
"width": 30,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Valid",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 384,
"top": 356,
"width": 142,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: Output olah data (SPSS 21.0)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 397,
"width": 101,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Uji Reliabilitas",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 418,
"width": 215,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Alat ukur dinyatakan punya reliabilitas yang tinggi jika alat ukur tersebut mantap dapat diandalkan dan dapat diramalkan, dan untuk mengetahui reliabilitas angket digunakan metode Cronbach Alpha . Kriteria pengujiannya adalah apabila nilai Cronbach Alpha > 0,6 maka dapat dikatakan kuisioner tersebut reliabel (Sugiono, 2006). Pengujian reliabilitas terhadap kuesioner dilakukan dengan bantuan program SPSS versi 21.0 for windows .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 398,
"top": 666,
"width": 41,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 6",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 346,
"top": 687,
"width": 146,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil Pengujian Reliabilitas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 709,
"width": 213,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "N o Variabel Cron ch Nunna lly Status",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 352,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amwaluna: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah Vol. 1 No.2 (Juli, 2017), Hal 178-189",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "185",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 167,
"top": 76,
"width": 32,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Alpha",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 97,
"width": 88,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 2 3 4 Desain Produk (X 1 ) Promosi (X 2 ) Citra Merek (X 3 )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 97,
"width": 205,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keputusan Pembelian (Y) 0,642 0,660 0,863 0,910 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 Reliabel Reliabel Reliabel Reliabel",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 285,
"width": 100,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Uji Normalitas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 305,
"width": 214,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji normalitas dilakukan dengan melihat pola pada kurva penyebaran P-Plot .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 347,
"width": 215,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jika data normal, maka garis yang menggambarkan data sesungguhnya akan mengikuti garis diagonalnya. Hasil uji normalitas dengan metode grafik P-Plot dengan menggunakan program SPSS versi 21.0 for windows .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 654,
"width": 205,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1. Grafik Nomal P-P Plot Tabel 7 Hasil Pengujian Normalitas One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 288,
"top": 77,
"width": 241,
"height": 220,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Unstandardize d Residual N 100 Normal Parameters a,b Mean .0000000 Std. Deviation 2.47414778 Most Extreme Differences Absolute .092 Positive .080 Negative -.092 Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z .919 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .366",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 308,
"width": 147,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Test distribution is Normal.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 329,
"width": 119,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Calculated from data.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 350,
"width": 188,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: Output olah data (SPSS 21.0)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 371,
"width": 123,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Uji Multikolinieritas",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 391,
"width": 215,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Multikolinearitas bertujuan untuk menguji apakah model regresi ditemukan adanya korelasi antar variabel bebas (independen). Salah satu cara untuk mendeteksi ada tidaknya multikolinearitas dapat dilihat dari nilai Tolerance dan lawannya Variance Inflantion Factor (VIF).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 268,
"top": 557,
"width": 261,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 8 Hasil Pengujian Multikolinieritas No Variabel Toleran ce VIF Status 1 Desain Produk (X 1 ) 0,921 1,086 Tidak Terjadi Multikolinier itas",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 268,
"top": 704,
"width": 261,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 3 Promosi (X 2 ) Citra Merek 0,871 0,939 1,148 1,065 Tidak Terjadi Multikolinier itas",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 39,
"width": 283,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ardi Ansah, Pengaruh Desain Produk, Promosi, Dan Citra…",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 769,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "186",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 782,
"width": 198,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Online ISSN : 2540-8402 | Print ISSN : 2540-8399",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 76,
"width": 24,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(X 3 )",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 219,
"top": 76,
"width": 70,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tidak Terjadi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 219,
"top": 96,
"width": 64,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Multikolinier itas",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 139,
"width": 191,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber : Output olah data (SPSS 21.0)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 180,
"width": 135,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Uji Heteroskedastisitas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 201,
"width": 215,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Heteroskedastisitas bertujuan untuk menguji apakah model regresi terjadi ketidaksamaan variance dari residual satu pengamatan ke pengamatan lain. Jika variance dari residual satu pengamatan ke pengamatan lain tetap, maka disebut homokedastisitas dan jika berbeda disebut heteroskedastisitas. Salah satu cara",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 366,
"width": 124,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mendeteksi ada",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 242,
"top": 366,
"width": 44,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "tidaknya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 387,
"width": 215,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "heteroskedastisitas adalah dengan melihat grafik Plot antara nilai prediksi variabel dependen yaitu ZPRED dengan residualnya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 449,
"width": 45,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SRESID .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 646,
"width": 214,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2. Hasil Uji Heteroskedastisitas Tabel 8. Hasil Uji Heteroskedastisitas dengan variabel Keputusan Pembelian (Y), Desain Produk (X 1 ), Promosi (X 2 ), Citra Merek (X)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 159,
"top": 749,
"width": 41,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 9",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 359,
"top": 75,
"width": 121,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Heteroskedastisitas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 93,
"width": 269,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Coefficients a Model Unstandardize d Coefficients Standard ized Coeffici ents t Sig.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 401,
"top": 203,
"width": 51,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B Std.",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 430,
"top": 224,
"width": 28,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Error",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 203,
"width": 261,
"height": 226,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Beta 1 (Consta nt) .060 2.141 .028 .97 8 X1 .094 .071 .137 1.31 8 .19 1 X2 .071 .089 .086 .799 .42 6 X3 - .078 .075 -.108 - 1.04 2 .30 0",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 441,
"width": 168,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Dependent Variable: ABS_RES",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 456,
"top": 461,
"width": 44,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 420,
"top": 482,
"width": 106,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Output Olah data (SPSS 21.0)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 544,
"width": 187,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 565,
"width": 214,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis regresi linier berganda dengan variabel dependen Keputusan Pembelian (Y) adalah peramalan dengan kemungkinan yang mendekati kenyataan antara variabel yang ada dan memperhatikan variabel yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 689,
"width": 116,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mempengaruhi lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 394,
"top": 710,
"width": 50,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 10",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 318,
"top": 731,
"width": 203,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 352,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amwaluna: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah Vol. 1 No.2 (Juli, 2017), Hal 178-189",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "187",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 63,
"top": 75,
"width": 214,
"height": 221,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Koefisie n Sign. Keterangan Konstanta -0,404 0,90 1 Signifikan Desain Produk 0,264 0,016 Signifikan Promosi 0,400 0,004 Signifikan Citra Merek 0,333 0,00 4 Signifikan R 2 0,277 F Statistik 12,241 0,000",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 306,
"width": 188,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: Output olah data (SPSS 21.0)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 327,
"width": 43,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. Uji F",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 348,
"width": 215,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada penelitian ini untuk menguji apakah terdapat pengaruh secara simultan antara Desain Produk (X 1 ), Promosi (X 2 ) dan Citra Merek (X 3 ) secara parsial mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel terikat yaitu Keputusan Pembelian (Y) di Sport Station. Dari hasil perhitungan dengan menggunakan program SPSS versi 21.0 for windows , maka diperoleh hasil F hitung 12,241 > F tabel 2,70, Nilai Sig. 0,000",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 555,
"width": 215,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "< 0,05 maka Ho ditolak yang berarti terdapat pengaruh secara simultan antara variabel independen yang berupa Desain Produk (X 1 ), Promosi (X 2 ) dan Citra Merek (X 3 ) terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Y) di Sport Station.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 679,
"width": 40,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7. Uji t",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 700,
"width": 215,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah variabel Desain Produk (X 1 ),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 741,
"width": 214,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Promosi (X 2 ) dan Citra Merek (X 3 ) secara",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 75,
"width": 214,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "parsial mempunyai pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap variabel terikat yaitu Keputusan Pembelian (Y) di Sport Station.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 137,
"width": 212,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Uji t yang berkaitan dengan Desain Produk (X 1 ) terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Y) di Sport Station. Dari hasil perhitungan tersebut diperoleh hasil t hitung 2,457 > t tabel 1,984 maka Ho ditolak, berarti terdapat pengaruh antara Desain Produk (X 1 ) terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Y) di Sport Station.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 323,
"width": 212,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Uji t yang berkaitan dengan Promosi (X 2 ) terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Y) di Sport Station. Dari hasil perhitungan tersebut diperoleh hasil t hitung 2,984 > t tabel 1,984 maka Ho ditolak, berarti terdapat pengaruh antara Promosi (X 2 ) terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Y) di Sport Station.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 509,
"width": 212,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Uji t yang berkaitan dengan Citra Merek (X 3 ) terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Y) di Sport Station. Dari hasil perhitungan tersebut diperoleh hasil t hitung 2,949 > t tabel 1,984 maka Ho ditolak, berarti terdapat pengaruh antara Citra Merek (X 3 ) terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Y) di Sport Station.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 693,
"width": 174,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8. Uji Koefisien Determinasi (R 2 )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 716,
"width": 214,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis koefisien determinasi digunakan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar prosentase pengaruh langsung antara",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 39,
"width": 283,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ardi Ansah, Pengaruh Desain Produk, Promosi, Dan Citra…",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 769,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "188",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 782,
"width": 198,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Online ISSN : 2540-8402 | Print ISSN : 2540-8399",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 215,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "variabel independen yang berupa Desain Produk (X 1 ), Promosi (X 2 ) dan Citra Merek (X 3 ) terhadap variabel dependen yaitu Keputusan Pembelian (Y).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 158,
"width": 215,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil pengujian menggunakan program SPSS versi 21.0 for windows , maka dapat diperoleh untuk R 2 sebesar 0,254 atau 25,4%. Artinya bahwa secara bersama- sama terdapat pengaruh antara variabel independen yang berupa Desain Produk (X 1 ), Promosi (X 2 ) dan Citra Merek (X 3 ) terhadap variabel dependen yaitu Keputusan Pembelian (Y) sebesar 25,4%, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 74,6% dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel lain di luar model dalam penelitian ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 406,
"width": 88,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "III. SIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 427,
"width": 215,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa desain produk, promosi serta citra merek secara simultan memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian sehingga hipotesis yang diajukan terbukti kebenaranya. Hal ini ditunjukkan dalam hasil uji F yaitu F hitung 12,241 > F tabel 2,70, Nilai Sig. 0,000 < 0,05.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 592,
"width": 214,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Artinya dapat disimpulkan bahwa ketiga variabel tersebut semakin bagus maka semakin bagus pula keputusan pembelian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 654,
"width": 214,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel Desain Produk (X 1 ) secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Y). Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil uji signifikan parsial dengan nilai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 75,
"width": 215,
"height": 301,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "t hitung 2,457 > t tabel 1,984. Artinya bahwa semakin bagus desain produk, maka semakin bagus pula keputusan pembelian sepatu Nike di Sport Station Solo. Berdasarkan hasil analisis koefisien determinasi bahwa Adjusted R square = 0,254 atau 25,4%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kontribusi semua variabel independen yang berupa Desain Produk (X 1 ), Promosi (X 2 ), Citra Merek (X 3 ) terhadap variabel dependen yaitu Keputusan Pembelian (Y) sebesar 25,4%, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 74,6% dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel lain di luar model dalam penelitian ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 378,
"top": 409,
"width": 78,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Daftar Pustaka",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 425,
"width": 214,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Achidah, N., Warso, M. M., & Hasiholan,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 348,
"top": 441,
"width": 178,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "L. B. (2016). Pengaruh Promosi, Harga, dan Desain Terhadap",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 348,
"top": 473,
"width": 179,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keputusan Pembelian Sepeda Motor Mio GT. Journal Of Management , Vol 2, No 2.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 530,
"width": 215,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Atmaja.(2012). ProfilPT.MitraAdiperkasa . h ttp://atmajayabusiness.blogspot.co. id/2012/10/laporan-manajerial-pt- mitra-adi-perkasa.html . Diakses pada tanggal 1 Februari 2017 Pukul 22.00 WIB",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 655,
"width": 214,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Basu Swastha dan Irwan. (1990).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 675,
"width": 171,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Manajemen pemasaran Modern.Yogyakarta: Liberty.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 352,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amwaluna: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah Vol. 1 No.2 (Juli, 2017), Hal 178-189",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "189",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 215,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Buchari Alma. (2004). Manajemen",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 95,
"width": 171,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemasaran dan Pemasaran Jasa .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 116,
"width": 40,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jakarta.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 137,
"width": 215,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Erna Ferinadewi. (2008). Merek dan Psikologi Konsumen, Implikasi pada Strategi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 226,
"top": 178,
"width": 60,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemasaran .",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 199,
"width": 123,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 220,
"width": 215,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://www.bimbingan.org/toko-sport- station.htm . Sejarah Sport Station .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 261,
"width": 172,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diakses pada tanggal 1 Februari 2017 Pukul 22.00 WIB",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 302,
"width": 214,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://www.map.co.id/id/about-us/ . Struktur Organisasi PT. Mitra Adiperkasa .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 344,
"width": 172,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diakses pada tanggal 1 Februari 2017 Pukul 22.30 WIB",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 385,
"width": 214,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kotler, Amstrong. (2001). Prinsip-prinsip",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 406,
"width": 171,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemasaran . Edisi Keduabelas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 427,
"width": 177,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jilid 1. Jakarta: Erlangga. Kotler, P & Gary A. (2008). Prinsip- prinsip Pemasaran . Jilid 1. Edisi Keduabelas. Jakarta: Erlangga",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 505,
"width": 215,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kotler, P., & Kevin, L. (2009). Manajemen Pemasaran. Jakarta: Erlangga.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 547,
"width": 140,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kotler, Philip. (2000).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 227,
"top": 547,
"width": 60,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Manajemen",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 567,
"width": 171,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemasaran . Jakarta: PT.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 588,
"width": 67,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Prenhallindo.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 609,
"width": 214,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Laksana, F. (2008). Manajemen Pemasaran Pendekatan Praktisi. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 666,
"width": 215,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pamujo, N. Y. (2011). Analisis Pengaruh Atribut Produk, Bauran Promosi, dan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Merchandise (Studi pada Kedai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 75,
"width": 172,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Digital 7 di Semarang). In Undergraduate Thesis. Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 137,
"width": 215,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pramono, N. Y. (2011). Analisis Pengaruh Harga Kompetitif, Desain Produk,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 178,
"width": 172,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dan Layanan Purna Jual Terhadap Keputusan pembelian Sepeda Motor Yamaha (Studi Kasus pada Masyarakat Kota Semarang). In Undergraduate Thesis. Semarang: Universitas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 302,
"width": 63,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diponegoro.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 323,
"width": 215,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Purwanto, A. (2008). Pengaruh Kualitas Produk, Promosi, dan Desain Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 348,
"top": 371,
"width": 178,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kendaraan Bermotor Yamaha Mio. Skripsi, Universitas Muhamadiyah Surakarta .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 428,
"width": 214,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Saidani, B., & Ramadhan, D. R. (2013).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 449,
"width": 171,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengaruh Iklan dan Atribut",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 470,
"width": 172,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Produk Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Smartphone Samsung Seri Galaxi (Survei pada Pelanggan ITC Roxy Mas). Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sains Indonesia (JRMSI).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 594,
"width": 215,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Saraswati, C. K. (2013). Analisis Pengaruh Persepsi Harga, Kualitas Produk, Citra Merek, Daya Tarik Promosi, dan Desain Produk Terhadap Kemantapan Keputusan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 698,
"width": 172,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembelian Mobil Honda All New",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 718,
"width": 113,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jazz Dibandingkan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 718,
"width": 172,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pesaing Sejenisnya. In Undergraduate",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 39,
"width": 283,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ardi Ansah, Pengaruh Desain Produk, Promosi, Dan Citra…",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 769,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "190",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 782,
"width": 198,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Online ISSN : 2540-8402 | Print ISSN : 2540-8399",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 75,
"width": 172,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Thesis . Semarang: Universitas",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 95,
"width": 63,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diponegoro.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 116,
"width": 214,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setiadi, N. (2003). Perilaku Konsumen :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 132,
"width": 178,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Konsep dan Implikasi Untuk",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 148,
"width": 175,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Strategi dan Penelitian Pemasaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 164,
"width": 119,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jakarta: Prenada Media.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 190,
"width": 215,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Srisusilawati, P (2017). Kajian Komunikasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 210,
"width": 172,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemasaran Terpadu Dalam Mendorong Keputusan Pembelian Jasa",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 272,
"width": 169,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perbankan . AMWALUNA , 1 (1), 1-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 293,
"width": 18,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "18.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 324,
"width": 214,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sutisna & Pawira. (2001). Perilaku Konsumen dan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 226,
"top": 345,
"width": 60,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Komunikasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 365,
"width": 171,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemasaran . Jakarta: PT. Remaja",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 386,
"width": 63,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rosdakarya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 407,
"width": 211,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tjiptono, F. (2008). Strategi Pemasaran .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 423,
"width": 92,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yogyakarta: Andi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 448,
"width": 214,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wahyuni, D. U. (2008). Pengaruh",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 469,
"width": 172,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Motivasi, Persepsi dan Sikap",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 490,
"width": 172,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Konsumen Terhadap Keputusan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 511,
"width": 172,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembelian Sepeda Motor Merek “Honda” di Kawasan Surabaya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 552,
"width": 171,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Barat . Jurnal Manajemen dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 573,
"width": 80,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kewirausahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 593,
"width": 214,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wibowo, S. F., & Karimah, M. P. (2012).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 614,
"width": 172,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengaruh Iklan Televisi dan Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Sabun Lux (Survei pada Pengunjung Mega Bekasi Hypermall). Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sains Indonesia.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 738,
"width": 60,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(JRMSI), 3.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
eb9cefad-f7ed-3f72-fa53-c777ebd2bc4f | https://ejournal.kopertais4.or.id/madura/index.php/syaikhuna/article/download/3259/2399 | [
{
"left": 292,
"top": 35,
"width": 151,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pranata Islam",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 613,
"width": 202,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "SYAIKHUNA Volume 9 Nomor 2 Oktober 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 630,
"width": 18,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "201",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 71,
"width": 235,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "FIKIH HAK ASASI MANUSIA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 94,
"width": 350,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Menguak Kejahatan Tindak Pidana Korporasi Trafficking",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 120,
"width": 194,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Oleh: Miftahul Ulum 1 Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 173,
"width": 314,
"height": 217,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Abstract: This paper discusses the corporate crime of human trafficking. 2 The background used is the assessment that classifies Indonesia in third place for the handling of human trafficking by the international community. The word “Hero Exchange” may often be heard, they are the workers from Indonesia who often become victims of Human Trafficking, victims sometimes traded not only for the purpose of prostitution or other forms of sexual exploitation, but also includes other forms of exploitation, such as forced labor or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery. Various government policies are made concerning the protection of women and children, basically made relatively comprehensive policies, ranging from Basic Act 1945 and the rules below. However many government policies in tackling this problem is not followed by real action in the field and it can be concluded, the legal protection of women and children victims of human trafficking is still felt less effective. This is evident from the very rarity of severe criminal imposed by the judge against traffickers. The absence of compensation in the form of sanctions against traffickers also add to the sense of injustice padakorban trafficking who have suffered both physically, mentally, and economically.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 402,
"width": 226,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Key words: crime, corporations, trafficking, legal efforts",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 446,
"width": 371,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "1 Dosen Prodi Hukum Pidana Islam STAI Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan, Peserta Program Doktor Hukum Islam Pascasarjana UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 472,
"width": 372,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "2 Perdagangan manusia adalah kejahatan serius dan pelanggaran berat terhadap hak asasi manusia. Setiap tahun, ribuan pria, wanita dan anak-anak jatuh ke tangan para pedagang, di negara mereka sendiri dan di luar negeri. Hampir setiap negara di dunia dipengaruhi oleh perdagangan, baik sebagai negara asal, transit atau tujuan bagi korban. UNODC, sebagai wali dari Konvensi PBB Menentang Kejahatan Transnasional Terorganisir (UNCTOC) dan Protokol hal tersebut, membantu dalam upaya mereka untuk melaksanakan Protokol untuk mencegah, menekan dan menghukum perdagangan orang. Perdagangan manusia atau istilah human trafficking merupakan sebuah kejahatan yang sangat sulit diberantas dan disebut-sebut oleh masyarakat internasional sebagai bentuk perbudakan masa kini dan pelanggaran terhadap hak asasi manusia. Kejahatan ini terus menerus berkembang seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi, informasi, komunikasi, dan transportasi baik nasional maupun internasional.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 35,
"width": 151,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pranata Islam",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 613,
"width": 202,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "SYAIKHUNA Volume 9 Nomor 2 Oktober 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 630,
"width": 18,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "202",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 70,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 90,
"width": 371,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Setiap warga negara sebagai hamba Allah, Tuhan Yang Maha Esa telah memiliki hak-hak dasar yang melekat dan dilestarikan, dikembangkan sesuai dengan fitrahnya, dilindungi harkat dan martabatnya, dilindungi oleh agamanya dan undang-undang yang berlaku. Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 (amandemen kedua) dalam Pasal (28 A) menyebutkan bahwa, setiap orang berhak untuk hidup dan kehidupannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 202,
"width": 371,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Pasal (28 B) menyebutkan bahwa setiap anak berhak atas kelangsungan hidup, tumbuh dan berkembang, serta berhak atas perlindungan dari kekerasan dan diskriminasi. Dalam norma agama apapun dilarang dan tidak menghendaki adanya tindak kekerasan, penindasan, perbudakan, pelacuran dan semacamnya. Di dalam filosofi Islam telah diletakan dasar bagi kebebasan serta penghapusan perbudakan, karena bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip tauhid yang mensejajarkan makna kebebasan, kemerdekaan, kesetaraan dan penghargaan manusia terhadap manusia yang lain, bahkan terhadap makhluk lain dan alam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 346,
"width": 372,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Teks al-Qur’an dan al-Hadits telah banyak menyatakan tentang kewajiban manusia untuk menjaga prinsip-prinsip kemanusiaan, dan salah satu dari ayat al-Qur’an menyebutkan antara lain: ”Wa laqad karramna bani adama wa hamalnahum fil-barri wal-bahri wa razaqnahum minat-tayyibati wa faddalnahum ala kasirim mimman khalaqna tafdila” yang artinya ”Dan sungguh, Kami telah memuliakan anak cucu Adam, dan Kami angkut dia di darat dan di laut, dan Kami beri dia rezeki dari yang baik-baik dan Kami lebihkan mereka di atas banyak makhluk yang Kami ciptakan dengan kelebihan yang sempurna” (QS, Al-Isra’ ayat 70). 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 490,
"width": 371,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Dalam era globalisasi saat ini, transportasi baik di dalam negeri suatu negara maupun lintas negara baik transportasi dengan peralatan sederhana (perahu, sepeda, kereta kuda/sapi, dan lain-lain) maupun dengan alat transportasi dengan peralatan canggih (pesawat terbang, kapal bermesin modern dan lain-lain), menyebabkan timbulnya roda perekonomian suatu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 587,
"width": 371,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "3 Departemen Agama RI. Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahannya. (Jakarta: Pustaka Amani, 2002), hlm 394.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 35,
"width": 151,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pranata Islam",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 613,
"width": 202,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "SYAIKHUNA Volume 9 Nomor 2 Oktober 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 630,
"width": 18,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "203",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 371,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "negara mempunyai variabel dan memungkinkan bermunculan berbagai industri barang maupun industri jasa 4 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 106,
"width": 371,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Perdagangan manusia memanfaatkan kemajuan industri jasa sebagai salah satu cara untuk mengeruk keuntungan secara terus-menerus, dan merupakan industri yang paling menguntungkan di antara berbagai kejahatan transnasional lainnya termasuk trafficking of drugs and arms.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 170,
"width": 371,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Berbeda halnya dengan kejahatan untuk komoditi barang yang habis sekali dipakai sebagaimana narkoba, komoditi manusia dapat dibeli, dijual dan diperlakukan secara kejam dan berulang-ulang untuk meningkatkan margin keuntungan. Kejahatan ini mencari mangsa pada mereka yang lemah secara fisik, emosional atau ekonomi, mengekploitasi aspirasi dan mimpi-mimpi mereka yang tidak berdosa, dalam situasi ini maka tidak akan terjadi kekurangan calon korban. 5 Tindak pidana perdagangan orang dilakukan oleh berbagai kelompok besar dan kecil, terorganisasi atau tidak, bahkan oleh anggota keluarga sekalipun. 6",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 314,
"width": 372,
"height": 157,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Terorganisasinya perdagangan orang ini merupakan bentuk sindikat yang memiliki jaringan yang sangat luas, bukan hanya antardaerah atau wilayah tetapi juga antarnegara (transnasional). Pada tahun 2017 misalnya, dikonstatir 237 kasus perdagangan perempuan yang terjadi di Propinsi Kepulauan Riau, di Pulau Batam 162 kasus, di Tanjung Balai Karimun 49 kasus dan di Pulau Bintan 26 kasus, 7 di Batam dan Tanjung Balai Karimun selama ini ditengarai (di samping beberapa daerah lainnya) sebagai jalur dan tempat perdangan perempuan ke luar negeri. PSK (Pekerja Seks Komersial) di Propinsi Kepulauan Riau mengalami trend naik sampai mencapai 6.288 orang dan 25 % nya PSK tersebut di bawah umur. 8",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 474,
"width": 371,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Disamping propinsi lain di Indonesia beberapa daerah ditengarai sebagai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 513,
"width": 371,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "4 Nugroho, Susanti, Adi, Gambaran Umum Tentang Manusia/Trafficking In Person, Ceramah di Hotel Quality Makassar, tanggal 2 Juli 2017.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 538,
"width": 371,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "5 Nugroho, Susanti, Adi, Gambaran Umum Tentang Manusia/Trafficking In Person, Ceramah di Hotel Quality Makassar, tanggal 2 Juli 2017.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 564,
"width": 369,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "6 IOM Indonesia, Fenomena Trafiking Manusia dan Konteks Hukum Internasional (Jakata: IOM Press, 2017), hlm 11.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 587,
"width": 22,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "7 Ibid",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 598,
"width": 194,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "8 GATRA, Edisi no. 30 tanggal 7-13 Juni 2017.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 35,
"width": 151,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pranata Islam",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 613,
"width": 202,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "SYAIKHUNA Volume 9 Nomor 2 Oktober 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 630,
"width": 18,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "204",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 371,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "jalur transit seperti: Medan, Jakarta, Solo, Surabaya, Denpasar, Makassar, Entikong, Nunukan dan daerah lain. 9",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 106,
"width": 371,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Berdasarkan hal yang telah diuraikan di atas, dan melihat fenomena perdagangan orang di Indonesia yang saat ini sudah sangat memprihatinkan dan menimbulkan kesedihan yang mendalam. Hal itu bukan saja akan berbahaya untuk diri sendiri (pelaku dan korban), akan tetapi juga bisa membahayakan kelangsungan hidup bangsa di masa mendatang 10 . Dalam tulisan ini penulis membatasi masalah atau ruang lingkup kejahatan tindak pidana korporasi trafficking , dengan apa yang dimaksud tindak pidana perdangan orang dan upaya pencegahannya secara yuridis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 266,
"width": 66,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 282,
"width": 374,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Indonesia adalah negara di kawasan Asia yang letaknya strategis dan merupakan negara dengan 2/3 daerahnya merupakan lautan. Daratannya kaya akan sumber daya mineral dan rempah-rempah, menjadikan Indonesia pada waktu lampau sebagai daerah jajahan yang sangat potensial. Datangnya para penjajah telah merugikan rakyat pada waktu itu baik secara moril dan material semuanya membekas tidak terkecuali trafficking .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 394,
"width": 372,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Sejarah trafficking di Indonesia lebih banyak memakan korban perempuan dan anak-anak. Di Indonesia hal ini bukanlah sesuatu yang baru. Sejarah menyatakan bahwa permasalahan ini sudah menjadi pusat perhatian sejak penjajahan kolonial Belanda di Indonesia. Dalam sebuah Kongres Perikatan Perkumpulan Perempuan Indonesia (PPPI) di tahun 1932, trafficking telah menjadi salah satu pokok pembahasan dalam forum tersebut. Kongres ini merumuskan rekomendasi tentang perdagangan perempuan dan anak yang diyakini terkait langsung dengan persoalan kemiskinan yang diemban oleh masyarakat kolonial. 11",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 564,
"width": 371,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "9 IOM dan Koalisi Perempuan Indonesia, Trafficking Manusia ( Jakarta: IOM Press, 2017), hlm 15.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 587,
"width": 26,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "10 Ibid 11 Ibid",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 35,
"width": 151,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pranata Islam",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 613,
"width": 202,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "SYAIKHUNA Volume 9 Nomor 2 Oktober 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 630,
"width": 18,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "205",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 372,
"height": 157,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "PPPI berkeyakinan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara persoalan perdagangan perempuan dan pelacuran dengan masalah kemiskinan rakyat,yang pada saat itu hidup dalam belitan hutang serta kondisi kerja yang buruk bagi buruh perempuan. Satu hal yang tak terlupakan adalah sejarah sedih perempuan Indonesia yang menjadi Jugun Ianfu yang menjadi objek seksual oleh tentara Jepang pada Perang Dunia II dan hal ini jelas merupakan tindakan trafficking in women and children atas nama perbudakan seksual untuk tujuan perang. Dari hal tersebut dapat dilihat bahwa permasalahan trafficking di Indonesia, telah ada sejak berdirinya negara ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 234,
"width": 371,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Dari perspektif sejarah, masalah perdagangan perempuan dan anak merupakan masalah publik yang berjalan seiring dengan pembentukan bangsa Indonesia,dan hingga saat ini pun praktik human trafficking masih ada di Indonesia dalam warna yang berbeda, yaitu berkedok sebagai Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (TKI) yang tidak sedikit dari mereka menjadi korban perdagangan manusia di luar negri. 12",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 346,
"width": 179,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "1. Tindak Pidana Perdangan Orang",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 361,
"width": 372,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Apa itu human trafficking ? Trafficking merupkan konsep dinamis dengan wujud yang berubah dari waktu ke waktu, sesuai dengan perkembangan ekonomi, sosial, dan politik. Hingga saat ini belum ada definisi trafficking yang disepakati secara internasional, sehingga banyak perdebatan tentang definisi yang paling tepat tentang fenomena kompleks yang di sebut trafficking .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 458,
"width": 372,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Namun PBB dalam Sidang Umum-nya pada tahun 1994 mendefinisikan trafficking sebagai berikut: “pemindahan orang melewati batas nasional dan internasional secara gelap dan melanggar hukum, terutama dari negara berkembang dan dari negara dalam transisi ekonomi dengan tujuan memaksa perempuan dan anak perempuan masuk dalam situasi penindasan dan eksploitasi secara seksual dan ekonomi, sebagaimana juga tindakan ilegal lainnya yang berhubungan dengan perdagangan perempuan seperti pekerja paksa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 598,
"width": 26,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "12 Ibid",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 35,
"width": 151,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pranata Islam",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 613,
"width": 202,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "SYAIKHUNA Volume 9 Nomor 2 Oktober 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 630,
"width": 18,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "206",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 73,
"width": 371,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "domestik, kawin palsu, pekerja gelap dan adopsi palsu demi kepentingan perekrut, pedagang dan sindikasi kejahatan”",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 106,
"width": 371,
"height": 92,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Jika diterjemahkan secara bebas trafficking dapat berarti pergerakan atau perpindahan orang secara rahasia dan terlarang dengan melintasi perbatasan wilayah (lokasi) dengan tujuan akhir untuk memaksa orang- orang tersebut masuk ke dalam situasi yang secara seksual atau ekonomi bersifat menekan dan eksploitatif dan memberikan keuntungan bagi para perekrut, trafficker, dan sindikat kejahatan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 202,
"width": 372,
"height": 125,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Definisi perdagangan orang pertama kali dikemukakan pada tahun 2000, ketika Majelis Umum Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (MU PBB), menggunakan protokol untuk mencegah, menekan dan menghukum perdagangan atas manusia, khususnya kaum perempuan dan anak-anak yang akhirnya terkenal dengan sebutan ”Protocol Palermo”. Protokol ini merupakan sebuah perjanjian yang merupakan perangkat hukum yang mengikat dan menciptakan kewajiban bagi semua negara yang meratifikasinya atau menyetujuinya. 13",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 330,
"width": 371,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Definisi perdagangan orang menurut Protokol Palermo tertuang di dalam Pasal (3) 14 yang berbunyi:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 362,
"width": 371,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "a. Perdagangan orang yang dilakukan oleh orang lain, berarti perekrutan, pengiriman ke suatu tempat, pemindahan, penampungan atau penerimaan melalui ancaman, atau pemaksaan dengan kekerasan lain, penculikan, penipuan, penganiayaan, penjualan, atau tindakan penyewaan untuk mendapat keuntungan atau pembayaran tertentu untuk tujuan eksploitasi. Eksploitasi setidaknya mencakup eksploitasi melalui pelacuran, melalui bentuk lain eksploitasi seksual, melalui perbudakan, melalui, praktik-praktik serupa perbudakan, melalui penghambaan atau melalui pemindahan organ tubuhnya .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 506,
"width": 371,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "b. Persetujuan korban perdagangan orang atas eksploitasi yang dimaksud pada pasal (3) sub (a), pasal ini menjadi tidak relevan apabila digunakan sarana yang dimaksud pada sub (a).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 575,
"width": 371,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "13 Ibid 14 IOM, Combating Trafficking in Person in Indonesia (Jakarta: IOM Press, 2017), hlm 4.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 35,
"width": 151,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pranata Islam",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 613,
"width": 202,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "SYAIKHUNA Volume 9 Nomor 2 Oktober 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 630,
"width": 18,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "207",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 371,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "c. Perekrutan, pengangkutan, pemindahan, penampungan atau penerimaan seorang anak untuk maksud eksploitasi dianggap sebagai ”perdagangan orang” meskipun apabila hal ini tidak mencakup salah satu sarana yang termaktub pada sub (a) pasal ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 138,
"width": 371,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "d. ”Anak” berarti seseorang yang masih di bawah umur 18 (delapan belas) tahun. 15",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 170,
"width": 371,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Berpokok pangkal dari definisi tersebut di atas dalam Pasal (3) sub (a), maka dapat dilihat unsur pokoknya, yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 202,
"width": 371,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "1) Proses: terdiri dari perekrutan, pengangkutan, pemindahan, penampungan atau penerimaan orang.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 234,
"width": 371,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "2) Cara: ancaman, atau paksaan dengan kekerasan atau dengan cara-cara kekerasan lain, penculikan, penipuan, penyiksaan/penganiayaan, pemberian atau penerimaan pembayaran tertentu untuk persetujuan atau mengendalikan orang lain.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 298,
"width": 371,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "3) Tujuan: eksploitasi (setidaknya melalui pelacuran, melalui bentuk lain eksploitasi seksual, melalui kerja paksa atau memberikan pelayanan paksa, melalui perbudakan, melalui praktik-praktik serupa perbudakan,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 346,
"width": 314,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "melalui penghambaan atau melalui pemindahan organ tubuh). 16",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 362,
"width": 371,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Selanjutnya dasar pemikiran dikeluarkannya ”Protokol Palermo” adalah:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 394,
"width": 371,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "1) Memperkenalkan definisi internasional pertama tentang perdagangan orang.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 426,
"width": 371,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "2) Menjabarkan suatu pendekatan yang komprehensif untuk menunjukkan kejahatan perdagangan orang.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 458,
"width": 371,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "3) Menggariskan dan menyarankan upaya-upaya kooperasi antarnegara guna memerangi perdagangan orang dan melindungi serta melayani korban. 17",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 506,
"width": 371,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Di Indonesia Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia (DPR RI) dalam Rapat Paripurna Terbuka tanggal 20 Maret 2007 telah menyetujui Rancangan Undang-Undang (RUU) tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 575,
"width": 67,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "15 Ibid 16 IOM, Ibid, 5 17 IOM, Ibid , 6.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 35,
"width": 151,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pranata Islam",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 613,
"width": 202,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "SYAIKHUNA Volume 9 Nomor 2 Oktober 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 630,
"width": 18,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "208",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 372,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Perdagangan Orang (PTPPO) untuk disahkan menjadi Undang-Undang dengan Nomor 21 tahun 2007, Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 4720. Undang-Undang ini merupakan perwujudan dari komitmen Indonesia untuk melaksanakan Protokol PBB tahun 2000 tersebut dan telah diundangkan pada tanggal 19 April 2007.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 154,
"width": 372,
"height": 157,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Sebagai perbandingan dengan protokol Palermo, maka definisi perdagangan orang menurut Pasal (1) ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 adalah: ”tindakan perekrutan, pengangkutan, penampungan, pengiriman, pemindahan atau penerimaan seseorang dengan ancaman kekerasan, penggunaan kekerasan, penculikan, penyekapan, pemalsuan, penipuan, penyalahgunaan kekuasaan atau posisi rentan, penjeratan hutang atau memberi bayaran atau manfaat sehingga memperoleh persetujuan dari orang yang memegang kendali atas orang lain tersebut, baik yang dilakukan di dalam negara maupun antarnegara, untuk tujuan eksploitasi atau mengakibatkan orang tereksploitasi.” 18",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 314,
"width": 372,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Selanjutnya di dalam Pasal (1) ayat (7) Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 disebutkan bahwa ”eksploitasi adalah tindakan dengan atau tanpa persetujuan korban yang meliputi tidak terbatas pada pelacuran, kerja atau pelayanan paksa, perbudakan atau praktik berupa perbudakan, penindasan, pemerasan, pemanfaatan fisik, seksual, organ reproduksi, atau secara melawan hukum memindahkan atau mentransplantasi organ/atau jaringan tubuh atau memanfaatkan tenaga atau kemampuan seseorang oleh pihak lain untuk mendapatkan keuntungan baik materiil maupun immateriil”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 458,
"width": 372,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Bertolak dari pengertian tersebut di atas, maka dapat dikembangkan beberapa unsur tindak pidana perdagangan orang, yaitu: perekrutan, pengangkutan, penampungan, pengiriman, pemindahan atau penerimaan seseorang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 522,
"width": 371,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Untuk modus yang digunakan, maka dapat dirinci: 19 ancaman kekerasan, penggunaan kekerasan, penculikan, penyekapan, pemalsuan, penipuan, penyalahgunaan kekuasaan (a buse of power ), penjeratan hutang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 587,
"width": 29,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "18 Ibid. 19 Ibid",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 35,
"width": 151,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pranata Islam",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 613,
"width": 202,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "SYAIKHUNA Volume 9 Nomor 2 Oktober 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 630,
"width": 18,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "209",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 372,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "atau memberi bayaran atau manfaat walaupun memperoleh persetujuan dari orang yang memegang kendali atas orang lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 106,
"width": 372,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Selanjutnya tujuan dan akibat eksploitasi manusia: eksploitasi prostitusi, eksploitasi seksual, perbudakan, kerja paksa atau pelayanan paksa, praktik serupa perbudakan, perhambaan, dan peralihan organ ( removal organ ) dengan atau tanpa persetujuan orang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 170,
"width": 372,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Sarana pengangkutan tindak pidana perdagangan orang ini bisa menggunakan metode: (1) overt (terang-terangan), identitas atau dokumen perjalanan asli atau dipalsukan atau visa palsu; (2) dan covert (sembunyi): kendaraan, kereta, perbatasan tanpa penjagaan (melalui jalan tikus, pelabuhan kecil, dan lain sebagainya) 20 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 250,
"width": 372,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Bagian terbesar korban perdagangan orang digunakan untuk tujuan eksploitasi seksual (pelacuran dan phedofhilia ) serta bekerja pada tempat- tempat kasar degan upah rendah seperti di pelabuhan, buruh, pembantu rumah tangga dan sebagainya. 21",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 314,
"width": 371,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Di pedesaan, pilihan yang acapkali dihadapi anak perempuan relatif tidak banyak, sebagian anak perempuan di pedesaan mungkin beruntung, bisa melanjutkan sekolah karena ditopang kondisi ekonomi orang tuanya yang cukup mapan. Tetapi dalam banyak kasus, anak perempuan yang sudah menginjak usia belasan tahun, mereka akan didesak orang tuanya untuk segera menikah, bekerja atau membantu orang tua menyelesaikan berbagai pekerjaan domestik di rumah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 426,
"width": 371,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Di Jawa Timur, beberapa daerah seputar kawasan tapal kuda dan Pulau Madura, pada akhir abad 19 dan awal abad 20, terjadi anak berusia 14-16 tahun dinikahkan dengan lelaki pilihan orang tuanya 22 , juga di daerah Indramayu dikenal adanya istilah ” luruh duit” yaitu untuk mencari ” kesugihan” (kekayaan) dengan cara pelacuran. 23",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 527,
"width": 371,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "20 Kementrian Koordinator Bidang Kesejahteraan Rakyat 2004, Penghapusan Perdagangan orang/trafficking in Person di Indonesia tahun 2003-2004, Jakarta, 2004, hlm 11.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 564,
"width": 144,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "21 Ibid 22 Nugroho, Adi, Susanti, Op Cit. 7",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 587,
"width": 371,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "23 Sudrajat, Tata, “Luruh Duit”, http:// anak.12.co.id/berita baru/berita.asp?id=197.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 35,
"width": 151,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pranata Islam",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 613,
"width": 202,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "SYAIKHUNA Volume 9 Nomor 2 Oktober 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 630,
"width": 18,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "210",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 371,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Sebagian anak perempuan pada akhirnya lebih memilih keluar rumah, menjadi migran, mengadu nasib ke kota besar untuk mencari pekerjaan, baik dalam rangka sekedar mencari pengalaman, keluar dari tekanan psikologis di rumah, atau karena ingin mencari penghasilan sendiri layaknya orang dewasa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 154,
"width": 372,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Korban perdagangan manusia biasanya anak-anak, perempuan berusia muda dan belum menikah, anak korban perceraian, serta mereka yang pernah bekerja di kota-kota besar atau di luar negeri. Tetapi, korban perdagangan orang tidak hanya kaum perempuan saja tetapi juga laki-laki dan anak laki-laki. 24",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 234,
"width": 371,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Melihat uraian di atas, maka korban perdagangan orang dapat menimpa, seorang perempuan, seorang laki-laki dan anak-anak (laki- laki/perempuan), disamping dikuasai secara fisik tetapi juga ada yang dimanfaatkan organ tubuhnya. 25",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 314,
"width": 88,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "2. Upaya Hukum",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 330,
"width": 372,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Ketentuan mengenai larangan perdagangan manusia pada dasarnya telah diatur dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) Pasal (297) yang menyatakan: ”perdagangan wanita dan perdagangan anak laki- laki yang belum dewasa, diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama enam tahun”, juga di dalam Pasal (324) KUHP dinyatakan: ”barang siapa dengan biaya sendiri atau dengan biaya orang lain menjalankan perniagaan budak atau dengan sengaja turut serta secara langsung atau tidak langsung dalam salah satu perbuatan tersebut di atas, diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama dua belas tahun”",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 474,
"width": 372,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Disamping di dalam KUHP, perdagangan orang juga telah diatur dalam Pasal (65) Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak-hak Asasi Manusia, yang menyatakan: ”setiap anak berhak untuk memperoleh perlindungan dari kegiatan eksploitasi dan pelecehan seksual, penculikan,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 575,
"width": 368,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "24 IOM, Manual Pemulangan , Pemulihan dan Reintegrasi Korban Trafiking (Jakarta: IOM Press, 2017), hlm 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 598,
"width": 26,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "25 Ibid",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 35,
"width": 151,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pranata Islam",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 613,
"width": 202,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "SYAIKHUNA Volume 9 Nomor 2 Oktober 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 630,
"width": 18,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "211",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 372,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "perdagangan anak, serta dari berbagai bentuk penyalahgunaan narkotika, psikotropika, dan zat adiktif lainnya”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 106,
"width": 371,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Selain itu juga di dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak telah mengatur tentang perdagangan anak dan eksploitasi seksual terhadap anak sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal (83) dan Pasal (88).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 170,
"width": 343,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Di dalam Pasal (83) Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 186,
"width": 372,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Perlindungan Anak, disebutkan bahwa: ”setiap orang yang",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 202,
"width": 372,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "memperdagangkan, menjual, atau menculik anak untuk diri sendiri atau untuk dijual, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 15 (lima belas) tahun dan denda paling banyak Rp.300.000.000,00 (tiga ratus juta rupiah) dan paling sedikit Rp. 60.000.000,00 (enam puluh juta rupiah), sedangkan Pasal (88) Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak menyatakan: ”setiap orang yang mengeksploitasi ekonomi atau seksual anak dengan maksud untuk menguntungkan diri sendiri atau orang lain, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 10 (sepuluh) tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp. 200.000.000,00 (dua ratus juta rupiah).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 346,
"width": 371,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak, yang dalam Pasal (1) ayat (1) menyebutkan, bahwa yang dimaksud dengan anak adalah: ”seseorang yang belum berusia 18 (delapan belas) tahun, termasuk anak yang masih dalam kandungan”, undang-undang tersebut tidak bisa diterapkan kepada pelaku perdagangan orang yang korbannya bukan anak-anak. 26",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 442,
"width": 372,
"height": 125,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Di dalam praktik pasal-pasal pemidanaan tersebut sulit untuk diterapkan, sebagaimana prediksi pihak kepolisian, bahwa pelaku perdagangan orang seringkali terdiri dari orang-orang yang berbeda pada tahapan perdagangan orang, seperti misalnya orang yang merekrut berbeda dengan orang yang mengantar atau membawa korban. Upaya penuntutan kepada germo yang sering berlaku sebagai pelaku perdagangan orang menggunakan Pasal 333 KUHP tentang ”merampas kemerdekaan seseorang” juga sulit dilakukan, karena ”anak asuhnya” bersedia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 598,
"width": 25,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "26 Ibid",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 35,
"width": 151,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pranata Islam",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 613,
"width": 202,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "SYAIKHUNA Volume 9 Nomor 2 Oktober 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 630,
"width": 18,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "212",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 371,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "”memberikan” pernyataan tertulis bahwa mereka datang atas kemauan sendiri dan seijin orang tua. 27",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 106,
"width": 371,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Kerancuan penafsiran mengenai ”anak” di bawah umur, di dalam Pasal (45) KUHP disebut bahwa: ”dalam hal penuntutan pidana terhadap orang yang belum dewasa, karena melakukan sesuatu tindak pidana sebelum umur 16 (enam) belas tahun 28 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 170,
"width": 372,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Anak adalah orang yang dalam masalah anak nakal telah mencapai 8 (delapan) tahun tetapi belum mencapai 18 (delapan belas) tahun dan belum pernah kawin, sedangkan menurut Undang-undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak dalam Pasal (1) ayat (1) dinyatakan: ”anak adalah seseorang yang belum berusia 18 (delapan belas) tahun, termasuk anak yang masih dalam kandungan”, dalam hal ini masih belum ada persamaan antara undang-undang yang satu dan undang- undang yang lainnya, yang bisa berpengaruh terhadap penindakan hukum bagi pelaku perdagangan orang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 314,
"width": 372,
"height": 253,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Selanjutnya dalam Pasal (297) KUHP mengenai larangan perdagangan wanita dan perdagangan anak laki-laki belum dewasa dan mengkualifikasikan tindakan tersebut sebagai suatu kejahatan yang sanksinya dinilai terlalu ringan yang tidak sebanding dengan dampak yang diderita korban akibat perdagangan orang, yakni dengan dipidana penjara paling lama enam tahun, sedangkan pada Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang (PTPPO) dipidana paling singkat tiga tahun dan paling lama 15 (lima belas) tahun dan pidana denda paling sedikit Rp. 120.000.000,00 (seratus dua puluh juta rupiah) dan paling banyak Rp. 600.000.000,00 (enam ratus juta rupiah), Pasal (2) ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 tentang PTPPO menyebutkan: ”jika menyebabkan korban eksploitasi tersebut menderita luka berat, terganggu jiwanya, hilangnya fungsi reproduksi, kehamilan maka ancaman pidananya ditambah 1/3 dari ancaman pidana seperti tersebut di atas, dan apabila mengakibatkan matinya korban, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling singkat 5 (lima) tahun dan paling",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 587,
"width": 212,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "27 Kementrian Koordinator Bidang Kesra, Op Cit, 3.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 598,
"width": 25,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "28 Ibid",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 35,
"width": 151,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pranata Islam",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 613,
"width": 202,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "SYAIKHUNA Volume 9 Nomor 2 Oktober 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 630,
"width": 18,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "213",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 371,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "lama penjara seumur hidup dan dipidana denda paling sedikit Rp. 200.000.000,00 (dua ratus juta rupiah) dan paling banyak Rp. 5.000.000.000,00 (lima milyar rupiah). 29",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 122,
"width": 372,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Dalam hal tindak pidana perdagangan orang dilakukan suatu korporasi (korporasi adalah kumpulan orang dan/atau kekayaan yang terorganisasi baik merupakan badan hukum maupun bukan badan hukum)- selain pidana penjara dan denda terhadap pengurusnya juga dipidana denda dan pemberatan 3 (tiga) kali lipat dari pidana denda sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal (2, 3 ,4, 5 dan 6) Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 tentang PTPPO, dan pencabutan ijin usaha, perampasan kekayaan hasil tindak pidana pencabutan status badan hukum (Pasal (15) ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 tentang PTPPO). 30",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 266,
"width": 372,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Di samping undang-undang tersebut di atas, sebagai dasar hukum nasional untuk menindak pelaku perdagangan orang, dapat diperinci sebagai berikut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 314,
"width": 311,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "1. Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 ( Pasal 26, 28, dan 29 ayat(2) ).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 330,
"width": 282,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "2. Tap MPR Nomor 4/1999 tentang GBHN Tahun 1999.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 346,
"width": 288,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "3. Tap MPR Nomor 4/1997 tentang Kesejahteraan Anak.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 362,
"width": 325,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "4. Undang-Undang RI Nomor 3/1997 tentang Pengadilan Anak.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 378,
"width": 371,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "5. Undang-Undang RI Nomor 20/1999 tentang Ratifikasi Konvensi Nomor 138/1973 tentang usia minimum diperbolehkan bekerja.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 410,
"width": 328,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "6. Undang-Undang RI Nomor 22/1999 tentang Otonomi Daerah.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 426,
"width": 269,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "7. Undang-Undang RI Nomor 1/2000 tentang HAM.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 442,
"width": 371,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "8. UU RI tahun 2000 tentang Ratifikasi Konvensi ILO RI 172 tentang pelanggaran dan tindakan segera penghapusan bentuk-bentuk pekerjaan terbuka untuk anak-anak.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 490,
"width": 247,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "9. UU RI Nomor 25/2000 tentang PROPERNAS.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 506,
"width": 368,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "10. Keppres RI Nomor 36/1990 tentang Pengesahan Konvensi Hak Anak- anak ( Convention the Right of Child ).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 587,
"width": 25,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "29 Ibid 30 Ibid",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 35,
"width": 151,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pranata Islam",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 613,
"width": 202,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "SYAIKHUNA Volume 9 Nomor 2 Oktober 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 630,
"width": 18,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "214",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 371,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "11. Keppres RI Nomor 101/2001 tentang Kedudukan, Tugas, Fungsi Kewenangan, Susunan Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Menteri Negara (Pasal 5).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 122,
"width": 371,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "12. Keppres RI Nomor 87/2002 tentang RAN Penghapusan Perdagangan ( trafficking ) Perempuan dan Anak.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 154,
"width": 268,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "13. Keppres RI Nomor 87/2002 tentang RAN RESKA.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 170,
"width": 371,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "14. PRIN Kapolri No.POL.5 PRIN/935/V/2003 Kekuasaan terhadap Perempuan dan Anak berpedoman kepada:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 202,
"width": 251,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "- UU Nomor 23/2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 218,
"width": 254,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "- UU Nomor 23/2004 tentang Penghapusan KDRT;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 234,
"width": 328,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "- UU Nomor 39/2004 tentang Penempatan dan Perlindungan TKI.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 250,
"width": 371,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Selanjutnya sistem pemerintahan dengan sistem otonomi daerah, maka yang telah merespon tentang perdagangan orang, dengan mengeluarkan Peraturan Daerah (Perda) adalah:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 298,
"width": 371,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "1. Sulawesi Utara, Perda No.1/2004 tentang Anti Trafficking dan SK Gubernur Nomor 130/2004 tentang Pembentukan Gugus Tugas.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 330,
"width": 308,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "2. Sumatera Utara, Perda No.5/2004 tentang Anti Trafficking .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 346,
"width": 371,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "3. Pemda Kota Damai, Riau tahap penyusunan Rencana Aksi Daerah tentang Anti Trafficking .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 378,
"width": 333,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "4. Pemda DKI Jakarta, Perda No.6/2004 tentang Ketenagakerjaan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 394,
"width": 371,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "5. Jawa Barat SK Gubernur No.43/2004 membentuk komite penghapusan bentuk-bentuk pekerjaan terbentuk bagi anak, perdagangan dan ESKA.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 442,
"width": 371,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "6. Nusa Tenggara Timur, SK No.173/2005 tentang Pembentukan gugus tugas Rencana Aksi Nasional (RAN) penghapusan perdagangan perempuan dan anak (P3A).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 490,
"width": 371,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "7. Jawa Tengah, Kabupaten Cilacap menyusun draft Perda tentang penempatan dan perlindungan pekerja migran ke luar negeri, Kota Surakarta menyusun rencana aksi tentang P3A.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 538,
"width": 371,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "8. DI Yogyakarta, menyusun draft Perda hubungan pekerja antara pekerja rumah tangga dengan majikan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 570,
"width": 371,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "9. Jawa Timur, SK Gubernur No. 188/2003 tentang Pembentukan Gugus Tugas P3A , PESKA dan bentuk untuk pekerjaan terburuk bagi anak.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 35,
"width": 151,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pranata Islam",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 613,
"width": 202,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "SYAIKHUNA Volume 9 Nomor 2 Oktober 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 630,
"width": 18,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "215",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 207,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "10. Kalamantan Barat Perda tentang PJA.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 90,
"width": 371,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "11. Kalimantan Timur, SK Gubernur No.350/2004 membentuk Koalisi Anti Trafficking .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 122,
"width": 371,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "12. Nusa Tenggara Barat, Perda No.11/2003 tentang Perlindungan dan Pembinaan Tenaga Kerja asal Indonesia.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 154,
"width": 371,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "13. Bali, SK Bupati Buleleng No.341/2005 tentang Pembentukan TIM Gugus Tugas P3A dan PESKA. (Sumber IOM/ International Organization Migration di Indonesia)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 202,
"width": 371,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Melihat ketentuan-ketentuan dan peraturan daerah yang ada tersebut di atas, maka mestinya bisa meminimalisir pelaku ataupun korban dari trafficking manusia di Indonesia, namun kenyataannya kejahatan trafficking manusia, masih marak dan sulit untuk diberantas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 265,
"width": 371,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Untuk itu dapat dilihat tentang data korban trafficking manusia di Indonesia (data harian Kompas). Sekitar 2,5 - 3 juta perempuan dan anak bekerja pada sektor-sektor yang rentan trafficking termasuk di antarannya kira-kira 250 (dua ratus lima puluh) ribu sampai 400 (empat ratus) ribu anak-anak korban trafficking di Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 346,
"width": 372,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Data perdagangan orang di Indonesia dari tahun 2013 sampai 2017 ada sedikit penurunan dari 179 kasus pada tahun 2013, 155 kasus tahun 2014, 125 kasus tahun 2015, 43 kasus tahun 2016 dan 30 kasus tahun 2017 (data mingguan Konstan).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 410,
"width": 371,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Data tahun 2017/2018, 53 kasus telah divonis bebas, hukuman penjara minimal 6 bulan terberat 13 tahun. Rangking/peringkat tempat terjadinya traffiking : Jakarta, Surabaya, Kalimantan Barat, Sumatera Selatan, Kepulauan Riau, dan Sulawesi Selatan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 474,
"width": 371,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Melihat uraian di atas, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa meskipun telah ada ketentuan dan sanksinya, namun kejahatan traffiking masih terus berlangsung, meskipun tiap tahun menunjukan penurunan kasus.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 538,
"width": 66,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "C. Simpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 554,
"width": 372,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Perdagangan orang dapat dilihat dari beberapa unsur pokoknya yaitu melalui: proses, perekrutan, pengangkutan, penampungan, pengiriman, pemindahan atau penerimaan seseorang, dan modus yang di",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 35,
"width": 151,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pranata Islam",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 613,
"width": 202,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "SYAIKHUNA Volume 9 Nomor 2 Oktober 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 630,
"width": 18,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "216",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 371,
"height": 125,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "gunakan untuk melaksanakan kegiatan tersebut dengan cara, ancaman kekerasan, penggunaan kekerasan, penculikan, penyekapan, pemalsuan, penipuan, penyalah gunaan kekuasaan (a buse of power ), penjeratan hutang atau memberi bayaran atau manfaat waupun memperoleh persetujuan dari orang yang memegang kendali atas orang lain. Selanjutnya tujuan dan akibat eksploitasi seksual, perbudakan, kerja paksa atau pelayanan paksa, praktik serupa perbudakan, perhambaan, peralihan organ ( removal organ ) atau tanpa persetujuan orang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 202,
"width": 372,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Dalam hal ini tidak hanya manusia yang bisa menjadi korban perdagangan orang, akan tetapi juga organ tubuh dari manusia itu sendiri, selanjutnya yang dapat menjadi korban, disamping anak-anak dan perempuan juga bisa seorang laki-laki dewasa. Pelaku tindak pidana perdagangan orang bisa secara sendiri atau perseorangan, juga bisa suatu badan hukum dan dilakukan antar lintas kota suatu negara, juga antar lintas negara.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 314,
"width": 372,
"height": 125,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Selanjutnya upaya hukum yang digunakan untuk mencegah, menghukum, pelaku maupun memberantas perdagangan orang yaitu dengan telah disahkan dan diundangkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 tentang pemberantasan tindak pidana perdagangan orang, diharapkan pada para penegak hukum khususnya hakim dapat menerapkan hukuman yang maksimal terhadap pelaku tindak pidana perdagangan orang, melindungi dan memberikan pelayanan yang maksimal kepada korban.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 442,
"width": 371,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Penghapusan perdagangan orang terutama perempuan dan anak- anak tidaklah mudah, karena jumlah masalah yang dihadapi sangat kompleks dan multidimensional. Otoritas kepentingan/pejabat yang berwenang harus membangun kerja sama dan komitmen yang berat, lugas dan tegas guna melindungi warganya dari bahaya perdagangan orang, peraturan perundangan yang memadai dan para penegak hukum yang tegas dan capable dalam menjalankan penegakan hukum, hal itu merupakan modal pokok yang harus diciptakan untuk melawan para pelaku tindak pidana perdagangan orang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 35,
"width": 151,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pranata Islam",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 613,
"width": 202,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "SYAIKHUNA Volume 9 Nomor 2 Oktober 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 630,
"width": 18,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "217",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 202,
"top": 71,
"width": 108,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 111,
"width": 371,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Abu Bakar, Anwar. 2007. Al Qur’an dan Terjemahannya . Sinar baru Algensindo. Jakarta: Sinar Baru Al-Gesindo.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 152,
"width": 372,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Al-Askholani, Al-Imam Al-Hafidz Ibnu Hajar. tt. Bulughul Maram Juz I , bittashih watta’lik alaih Muhammad Hamid Al-Faqi. Surabaya : Syarikah Maktabah wa-Matbaa Ahmad bin Saad bin Nabhani wa- Awladihi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 221,
"width": 372,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Departemen Agama RI. 2002. Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahannya . Jakarta: Pustaka Amani.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 262,
"width": 372,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Irwanto, Mohammad Farid, Jeffry Anwar. 1998. Ringkasan Analisa Situasi Anak Yang Membutuhkan Perlindungan Khusus . Terjemahan oleh Agustina Hendriati. Jakarta: PKPM Atma Jaya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 316,
"width": 371,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Irwanto. 2001. Perdagangan Anak di Indonesia . dalam Progressia Vol. IV Juni 2001, Malang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 357,
"width": 372,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Irwanto, Fentiny Nugroho, Johanes Debora Imelda. 2001. Perdagangan Anak di Indonesia. Jakarta: Kantor Perburuhan International dan Jurusan kesejahteraan Sosial FISIP-UI.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 412,
"width": 371,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "International Organization For Migration (IOM). 2017. Manual Pemulangan, Pemulihan dan Reintegrasi Korban Trafficking. Jakarta: IOM Press.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 453,
"width": 371,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Kementrian Koordinator Bidang Kesra. 2003. Penghapusan Perdagangan Orang (Trafficking in Person) di Indonesia . Jakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 494,
"width": 372,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Kerjasama Pucuk Pimpinan Fatayat NU, IOM dan The People Of Japan . 2005 .Training Manual Law Enforcement Seminars Combatting Trafficking in Person in Indonesia , Jakarta, 2005.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 549,
"width": 372,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Kerjasama Pucuk Pimpinan Fatayat NU, IOM dan The People Of Japan. 2017. Panduan Motivator Waspada Trafficking Manusia . Jakarta, 2017.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 35,
"width": 151,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pranata Islam",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 613,
"width": 202,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "SYAIKHUNA Volume 9 Nomor 2 Oktober 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 630,
"width": 18,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "218",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 71,
"width": 371,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Koalisi Perempuan Indonesia dan IOM. 2017. Waspadai Trafiking di Sekitar Kita. Jakarta: IOM Press.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 112,
"width": 227,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Moeljatno. 2001. KUHP . Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 139,
"width": 372,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Parawansa, Khofifah Indar . 2000. Pemberdayaan Perempuan Indonesia Dalam Pembangunan di Abad 21 Dalam Rangka Hari Kependudukan Dunia . Saving Women Lives . Jakarta: Kantor Kementrian Negara Transmigrasi dan Kependudukan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 208,
"width": 339,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Rifa’i, Mohammad. 1978. Fiqih Islam Lengkap. Semarang: Toha Putra.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 235,
"width": 371,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Sudrajat, Tata, Luruh Duit . http ://anak.12 co.id/berita baru/berita.asp? id=197.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 276,
"width": 371,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 dan Perubahannya. 2004. Jakarta: Kawan Pustaka.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 317,
"width": 371,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Undang-Undang RI Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak. 2003. Jakarta: Departemen Sosial.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 358,
"width": 369,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Undang-Undang RI Nomor 39 Tahun 2004 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia. Jakarta: Indonesia Legal Center Publishing.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 399,
"width": 372,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 496,
"page_height": 694,
"text": "Undang-Undang RI Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang . Bandung: Citra Umbara.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
abe33052-2066-5090-ee3e-83a97ccc1aef | http://sistemasi.ftik.unisi.ac.id/index.php/stmsi/article/download/4020/678 | [
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 133,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SISTEMASI : Jurnal Sistem Informasi",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 40,
"width": 58,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN:2302-8149",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 51,
"width": 131,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 13, Nomor 2, 2024: 667-678",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 456,
"top": 51,
"width": 65,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN:2540-9719",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 407,
"top": 771,
"width": 117,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://sistemasi.ftik.unisi.ac.id",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 806,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "667",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 97,
"width": 376,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Implementasi Sistem Informasi Geografis Hotel dan Penginapan di Kabupaten Asahan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 147,
"width": 386,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Implementation of Geographic Information System for Hotels and",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 217,
"top": 165,
"width": 166,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lodging in Asahan Regency",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 178,
"top": 194,
"width": 242,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Adinda Salsabila*, 2 Nurwati, 3 Maulana Dwi Sena",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 207,
"width": 439,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1,2,3 Program Studi Sistem Informasi, Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer Royal, Kisaran, Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 144,
"top": 232,
"width": 311,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-mail: 1* [email protected] , 2 [email protected] ,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 232,
"top": 245,
"width": 134,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3 [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 271,
"width": 319,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "( received: 14 March 2024, revised: 21 March 2024, accepted: 23 March 2024)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 295,
"width": 45,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 308,
"width": 453,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kabupaten Asahan merupakan salah satu kabupaten yang terletak di Sumatera Utara. Terdapat hotel dan penginapan yang tersebar di beberapa titik di Kabupaten Asahan. Pengunjung dari luar Kabupaten Asahan dan penduduk lokal masih belum mengetahui titik persebarannya. Masih sulit untuk mengetahui rute terdekat ke hotel dan penginapan. Hal ini akan membuat pengunjung bingung dengan lokasi hotel. Maka dengan hal itu diperlukan sebuah sistem yang dapat memudahkan wisatawan dan pemerintah di Kabupaten Asahan, khususnya Dinas Pemuda, Olahrga dan Pariwisata, untuk memberikan informasi yang akurat dan alat promosi tentang lokasi hotel dan penginapan untuk membantu pengunjung menemukan akomodasi yang tepat. Yaitu dengan membuat Sistem Informasi Geografis Hotel dan Penginapan di Kabupaten Asahan dengan memanfaatkan Google Maps API yang menampilkan informasi terkait letak hotel dan penginapan serta detail informasi hotel dan penginapan seperti alamat, harga hotel dan informasi lainnya dan juga menampilkan informasi mengenai Dinas Pemuda, Olahrga dan Pariwisata Kabupaten Asahan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 493,
"width": 406,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci: Hotel dan Penginapan; Sistem Informasi Geografis; Google Maps API.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 514,
"width": 44,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 527,
"width": 454,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Asahan Regency is one of the regencies located in North Sumatra. There are hotels and inns scattered at several points in Asahan Regency. Visitors from outside Asahan Regency and local residents still do not know the distribution points. It is still difficult to find out the closest route to hotels and inns. This will make visitors confused about the location of the hotel. So with that, a system is needed that can facilitate tourists and the government in Asahan Regency, especially the Youth, Sports and Tourism Office, to provide accurate information and promotional tools about the location of hotels and inns to help visitors find the right accommodation. That is by creating a Geographic Information System for Hotels and Lodging in Asahan Regency by utilizing the Google Maps API which displays information related to the location of hotels and inns as well as detailed hotel and inn information such as addresses, hotel prices and other information and also displays information about the Asahan Regency Youth, Sports and Tourism Office.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 706,
"width": 408,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Hotel and Lodging; Geographic Information System; Google Maps API.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 133,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SISTEMASI : Jurnal Sistem Informasi",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 40,
"width": 58,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN:2302-8149",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 51,
"width": 131,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 13, Nomor 2, 2024: 667-678",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 456,
"top": 51,
"width": 65,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN:2540-9719",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 407,
"top": 771,
"width": 117,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://sistemasi.ftik.unisi.ac.id",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 806,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "668",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 96,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 92,
"width": 454,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sistem teknologi informasi digunakan untuk meningkatkan berbagai aspek pengelolaan sistem informasi, seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh kecepatan dan ketepatan waktu serta pemrosesan dan keakuratan sistem [1][2]. Saat ini, penggabungan sistem informasi dengan ilmu geografis telah menjadi salah satu alternatif yang banyak digunakan dalam pengelolaan sistem informasi [3][4].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 161,
"width": 455,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sistem informasi geografis adalah alat bantu yang menarik dan interaktif. Saat ini, salah satu sistem informasi yang diperlukan adalah untuk menentukan lokasi hotel dan penginapan di wilayah Kabupaten Asahan. Dengan adanya sistem ini, diharapkan seseorang dapat mengetahui lokasi hotel dan penginapan di wilayah Kabupaten Asahan [5][6][7].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 217,
"width": 454,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Salah satu jenis penginapan yang sangat dikenal oleh masyarakat adalah hotel. Hotel dan penginapan berfungsi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tamu sebagai tempat tinggal sementara selama mereka jauh dari tempat asalnya [8]. Dalam kebanyakan kasus, kebutuhan hotel terdiri dari istirahat, tidur, mandi, makan, minum, hiburan, dan kebutuhan lainnya. Namun, dengan perkembangan dan kemajuan saat ini, hotel sekarang tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai tempat menginap atau istirahat bagi tamu; sekarang juga dapat digunakan untuk menyelenggarakan konferensi, seminar, lokakarya, musyawarah nasional, dan kegiatan lainnya dengan fasilitas dan fasilitas yang lengkap [9]. Oleh karena itu, peran hotel sebagai sarana komersial mencakup tidak hanya layanan untuk menginap, beristirahat, makan, dan minum, tetapi juga sebagai lokasi untuk berbagai kegiatan yang disesuaikan dengan tujuan pasar hotel. [10].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 368,
"width": 454,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kabupaten Asahan berada di kawasan Pantai Timur Sumatera Utara. Secara astronomis Kabupaten Asahan berada pada 2°03'- 3°26' Lintang Utara, 99°1'-100°0' Bujur Timur dengan ketinggian 0-1.000 meter di atas permukaan laut. Kabupaten Asahan menempati area seluas 3.732,97 km², yang terdiri dari 25 Kecamatan, 204 Desa/Kelurahan. Kecamatan Bandar Pasir Mandoge merupakan Kecamatan yang terluas, dengan luasnya sebesar 713,63 km², atau sekitar 19,11 % total luas Kabupaten Asahan, diikuti Kecamatan Sei Kepayang dengan luas 370,69 km², atau 9,93 %. Sedangkan luas daerah terkecil adalah Kecamatan Kisaran Timur dengan luas 30,16 km², atau sekitar 0,80% total luas wilayah Kabupaten Asahan [11].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 479,
"width": 454,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengunjung dari luar Kabupaten Asahan dan penduduk lokal masih belum mengetahui titik persebarannya. Masih sulit untuk mengetahui rute terdekat ke hotel dan penginapan. Hal ini akan membuat pengunjung bingung dengan lokasi hotel. Proses pencarian hotel dan penginapan yang ada di Kabupaten Asahan harus dimulai dengan penerapan sistem informasi geografis [12]. Semua orang tahu bahwa sistem informasi geografis (SIG) dapat menganalisis baik ruang maupun waktu [13]. Karena semua perencanaan berkaitan dengan dimensi waktu dan ruang, kemampuan ini memungkinkan SIG untuk digunakan dalam berbagai jenis perencanaan [14][15].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 589,
"width": 455,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tujuan penelitian ini adalah dengan adanya sistem yang di buat dapat memudahkan wisatawan dan pemerintah di Kabupaten Asahan, khususnya Dinas Pemuda, Olahrga dan Pariwisata, untuk memberikan informasi yang akurat dan alat promosi tentang lokasi hotel dan penginapan untuk membantu pengunjung menemukan akomodasi yang tepat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 669,
"width": 126,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 Tinjauan Literatur",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 684,
"width": 454,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam penelitian yang berjudul “Rancangan Sistem Informasi Geografis Lokasi Hotel Di Desa Lau Gumba Kecamatan Brastagi Berbasis Android ” Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyediakan sistem informasi yang lebih komprehensif dan mudah diakses menggunakan SIG dan Google Maps . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem ini memungkinkan pencarian lokasi penginapan atau hotel lebih cepat dan tepat, memberikan informasi berupa titik lokasi penginapan atau hotel, dan dapat menjadi media pembelajaran bagi pengguna.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 133,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SISTEMASI : Jurnal Sistem Informasi",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 40,
"width": 58,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN:2302-8149",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 51,
"width": 131,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 13, Nomor 2, 2024: 667-678",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 456,
"top": 51,
"width": 65,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN:2540-9719",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 407,
"top": 771,
"width": 117,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://sistemasi.ftik.unisi.ac.id",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 806,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "669",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 75,
"width": 453,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal ini memberikan kontribusi dalam pengembangan sistem informasi geografis untuk penginapan di daerah wisata, dengan fokus pada Desa Lau Gumba [16].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 100,
"width": 455,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada penelitian yang berjudul “Impelementasi Rancangan Sistem Informasi Gografis Lokasi Penginapan Di Desa Doulu” Berdasarkan penelitian yang diberikan, penelitian ini fokus pada desain dan implementasi berbagai sistem informasi, termasuk SIG untuk lokasi penginapan di Desa Doulu, North Sumatra. Penggunaan model pemetaan digital berbasis mobile Android menggunakan Google Maps juga disorot, dengan tujuan untuk memberikan kemudahan dan kecepatan dalam memperoleh informasi tentang objek wisata alam di Desa Doulu. Penelitian ini tampak menawarkan eksplorasi komprehensif tentang desain dan implementasi sistem informasi, khususnya dalam konteks informasi geografis dan pariwisata [17].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 224,
"width": 454,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam penelitian yang berjudul “Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) Pariwista Kota Bandung Menggunakan GOOGLE MAPS API DAN PHP” membahas pengembangan sistem informasi geografis pariwisata Kota Bandung dengan fokus pada penggunaan Google Maps API, PHP, dan MySQL. Penelitian ini mencakup berbagai aspek, termasuk halaman-halaman yang ditampilkan kepada pengunjung, fungsi-fungsi dalam sistem, implementasi perangkat lunak keras, antarmuka, dan halaman-halaman yang digunakan oleh admin dan wisatawan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa fungsi-fungsi dalam sistem berjalan dengan baik, dan kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa sistem informasi geografis pariwisata Kota Bandung dapat memberikan informasi pariwisata dan dapat diterapkan dengan menggunakan Google Maps API [18].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 362,
"width": 455,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada penelitian yang berjudul “Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Web Design Pariwisata Aceh Dan Jasa Penginapan Berbasis GIS (Geograpich Information Sistem)” merupakan sebuah kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan di SMK Negeri 3 Lhokseumawe dengan tujuan memberikan pemahaman dan pelatihan tentang aplikasi web bagi siswa agar dapat mengimplementasikan aplikasi web dalam aplikasi pariwisata. Tujuan utamanya adalah untuk membantu siswa memahami cara membuat web dalam mengaplikasikan web dengan pencarian tempat pariwisata dan lokasi penginapan. Hasilnya adalah implementasi sistem informasi aplikasi pariwisata dan jasa penginapan dengan Location Based Service (LBS) berbasis web . Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian meliputi pemahaman menu aplikasi, perancangan sistem, implementasi sistem, pelatihan, dan pemberian materi. Mitra dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan ini adalah SMK Negeri 3 Lhokseumawe [19].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 514,
"width": 455,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian yang berjudul “Sistem Informasi Geografis Untuk Pemetaan Homestay di Lombok Timur Berbasis Android” ini merupakan sebuah penelitian tentang pengembangan SIG untuk pemetaan homestay di Lombok Timur berbasis Android . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membantu wisatawan dalam mencari informasi tentang homestay , termasuk harga, fasilitas, dan kontak. Selain itu, artikel ini juga mencakup tinjauan pustaka, landasan teori, metode penelitian, hasil dan pembahasan, serta daftar pustaka. Dari penelitian ini, disimpulkan bahwa SIG ini dapat membantu wisatawan dalam mencari homestay di Lombok Timur, namun masih membutuhkan pengembangan lebih lanjut [20].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 639,
"width": 118,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3 Metode Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 656,
"width": 455,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Di dalam melakukan penelitian ini, penulis melakukan sebuah riset di Dinas Pemuda, Olahraga dan Pariwisata Kabupaten Asahan, Jln. Madong Lubis, Komplek Stadion Mutiara, Kec. Kisaran Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, yang menekankan pemahaman secara mendalam tentang masalah daripada melihat masalah untuk penelitian generalisasi. Metode kualitatif lebih suka menggunakan teknik analisis mendalam, atau analisis kasus perkasus, karena mereka percaya bahwa karakteristik setiap masalah akan berbeda. Metode ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pemahaman mendalam tentang masalah daripada membuat generalisasi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 133,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SISTEMASI : Jurnal Sistem Informasi",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 40,
"width": 58,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN:2302-8149",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 51,
"width": 131,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 13, Nomor 2, 2024: 667-678",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 456,
"top": 51,
"width": 65,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN:2540-9719",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 407,
"top": 771,
"width": 117,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://sistemasi.ftik.unisi.ac.id",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 806,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "670",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 454,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "adalah observasi, wawancara, studi pustaka. Penelitian kualitatif memberikan kategori substantif dan hipotesis. Kerangka kerja penelitian merupakan langkah-langkah yang akan dilakukan dalam penyelesaian masalah yang akan dibahas. Adapun kerangka kerja penelitian ini disajikan dalam Gambar 1:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 199,
"top": 344,
"width": 200,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1. Kerangka Kerja Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 371,
"width": 454,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Flowchart adalah diagram yang memberikan informasi terperinci dan tujuan untuk membantu Anda menyelesaikan proses pemrograman yang diberikan [21][22][23], disajikan dalam Gambar 2:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 216,
"top": 659,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2. Flowchart Penelitian",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 673,
"width": 138,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Hasil dan Pembahasan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 690,
"width": 454,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada bagian ini menjelaskan proses analisis data dan sistem yang di dapatkan pada saat penelitian dengan analisis sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 133,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SISTEMASI : Jurnal Sistem Informasi",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 40,
"width": 58,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN:2302-8149",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 51,
"width": 131,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 13, Nomor 2, 2024: 667-678",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 456,
"top": 51,
"width": 65,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN:2540-9719",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 407,
"top": 771,
"width": 117,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://sistemasi.ftik.unisi.ac.id",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 806,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "671",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 99,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.1 Analisis Sistem",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 88,
"width": 455,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proses menguraikan sistem informasi utuh ke bagian komponennya dengan tujuan mendefinisikan dan mengevaluasi masalah, kesalahan, hambatan, dan kebutuhan. Untuk mendukung penelitian, seorang penulis menganalisis data yang berkaitan dengan lokasi geografis, yaitu pemetaan lokasi hotel dan penginapan di Kabupaten Asahan. Data yang akan dianalisis sebagai sistem adalah data tentang keberadaan lokasi hotel dan penginapan di Area Kabupaten Asahan, karena diperlukan titik koordinat untuk mengetahui lokasi dari hotel dan penginapan yang ada di Area Kabupaten Asahan, oleh karena itu seorang penulis dapat melakukan perancangan sistem, yaitu perancangan sistem informasi geografis untuk pemetaan lokasi hotel dan penginapan di wilayah Kabupaten Asahan, setelah memiliki data tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 239,
"width": 172,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.2 Analisis Data Kebutuhan Sistem",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 251,
"width": 455,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembangunan sistem atau pengembangan sistem ke sistem yang baru diperlukan untuk menyelesaikan masalah sistem dengan menganalisis kebutuhan pengguna. Informasi yang baik adalah informasi yang dapat mendukung kegiatan pengolahan datanya. Jika ingin menganalisis sistem, harus terlebih dahulu mengetahui kebutuhan informasi yang diinginkan. Karena akses yang dianggap masih konvensional di Disporapar Asahan dapat memperlambat untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang lokasi hotel dan penginapan. Adapun data yang akan menjadi bahan masukan di dalam sebuah penelitian ini disajikan dalam Tabel 1:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 360,
"width": 414,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1 . Data Masukan No. Data Masukan Keterangan 1 Data Hotel dan Penginapan di Area Kabupaten Asahan. Data bersumber dari Dinas Pemuda, Olahraga dan Pariwisata Kabupaten Asahan.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 423,
"width": 454,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Adapun bahan yang akan dijadikan keluaran dan daftar hotel pada penelitian yang akan dilakukan saat ini disajikan dalam Tabel 2 dan Tabel 3:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 451,
"width": 449,
"height": 262,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2 . Data Keluaran No. Data Masukan Keterangan 1 Informasi terkait Hotel dan Penginapan di Kabupaten Asahan Mengetahui letak lokasi Hotel dan Penginapan di Kabupaten Asahan dan Informasi- Informasi yang berhubungan dengan hal tersebut. Tabel 3 . Daftar Hotel Dan Penginpan Kabupaten Asahan No Nama Tempat Lokasi Latitude Longitude 1 Penginapan Tiga Putra Jl. Sisimangaraja No.56 Kisaran Timur Desa/Kel. Kisaran Timur Kec. Kisaran Timur 2.980620647082554 99.6336213313669 2 Hotel Nusa Indah Jl. Jend.A. Yani Kisaram Timur Desa/Kel. Kisaran Naga Kec. Kisaran Timur 2.9633588868262524 99.62932604040311 3 Hotel Puri Nyimas Jl. Pembangunan No. 8 Teladan Kisaran Desa/Kel. Kisaran Timur Kec. Kisaran Timur 2.9792546620251366 99.63381020437788 … ….. ….. ….. …… 28 Hotel Boyli Jl. Besar Desa Hessa Air Genting Desa/ Kel. Air Genting Kec. Air Batu 2.9227418179193756 99.71130800802058 Sumber: Dinas Pemuda, Olahraga dan Pariwisata Kabuapten Asahan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 133,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SISTEMASI : Jurnal Sistem Informasi",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 40,
"width": 58,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN:2302-8149",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 51,
"width": 131,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 13, Nomor 2, 2024: 667-678",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 456,
"top": 51,
"width": 65,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN:2540-9719",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 407,
"top": 771,
"width": 117,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://sistemasi.ftik.unisi.ac.id",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 806,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "672",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 75,
"width": 120,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.3 Implemetasi Interface",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 91,
"width": 454,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Antar muka sebenarnya adalah halaman yang akan menampilkan tampilan dari program yang akan dibangun.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 119,
"width": 205,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Tampilan Halaman Utama Masyrakat.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 133,
"width": 454,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tampilan halaman utama masyarakat adalah tampilan utama bagi yang menggunakan web ini disajikan dalam Gambar 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 167,
"top": 314,
"width": 264,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 3. Tampilan Halaman Utama Masyarakat",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 342,
"width": 125,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Tampilan Lihat Hotel",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 355,
"width": 455,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tampilan lihat hotel adalah tampilan yang dapat melihat hotel dan penginapan terdekat serta dapat mencari hotel dan penginapan yang diinginkan yang tersedia di dalam web ini disajikan dalam Gambar 4.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 212,
"top": 551,
"width": 175,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 4. Tampilan Lihar Hotel",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 578,
"width": 211,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Tampilan Detail Hotel Dan Penginapan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 592,
"width": 454,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tampilan detail hotel dan penginapan adalah tampilan yang menampilkan informasi lengkap mengenai hotel dan penginapan serta menampilkan rute menuju hotel dan penginapan yang dipilih disajikan dalam Gambar 5.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 133,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SISTEMASI : Jurnal Sistem Informasi",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 40,
"width": 58,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN:2302-8149",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 51,
"width": 131,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 13, Nomor 2, 2024: 667-678",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 456,
"top": 51,
"width": 65,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN:2540-9719",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 407,
"top": 771,
"width": 117,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://sistemasi.ftik.unisi.ac.id",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 806,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "673",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 167,
"top": 217,
"width": 264,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 5. Tampilan Detail Hotel Dan Penginapan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 243,
"width": 116,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Tampilan About Us",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 257,
"width": 454,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tampilan about us adalah tampilan dimana masyarakat dapat melihat informasi mengenai disporapar disajikan dalam Gambar 6.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 218,
"top": 438,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 6. Tampilan About Us",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 465,
"width": 90,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Tampilan Info",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 479,
"width": 454,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tampilan info adalah tampilan yang berisikan dua submenu yaitu dokumentasi dan kegiatan yang menampilkan informasi terkait disporapar disajikan dalam Gambar 7.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 231,
"top": 661,
"width": 136,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 7. Tampilan Info",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 688,
"width": 107,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. Tampilan Contact",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 702,
"width": 454,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tampilan contack adalah tampilan yang menampilkan form layanan masukan yang bisa diisi oleh masyarakat jika ada saran ataupun kritikan disajikan dalam Gambar 8.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 133,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SISTEMASI : Jurnal Sistem Informasi",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 40,
"width": 58,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN:2302-8149",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 51,
"width": 131,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 13, Nomor 2, 2024: 667-678",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 456,
"top": 51,
"width": 65,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN:2540-9719",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 407,
"top": 771,
"width": 117,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://sistemasi.ftik.unisi.ac.id",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 806,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "674",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 222,
"top": 217,
"width": 155,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 8. Tampilan Contact",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 244,
"width": 148,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7. Tampilan Halaman Login",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 258,
"width": 454,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tampilan halaman login adalah tampilan dimana disporapar sebagai admin akan melakukan proses login untuk mengelola sistem disajikan dalam Gambar 9.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 202,
"top": 439,
"width": 195,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 9. Tampilan Halaman Login",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 467,
"width": 185,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8. Tampilan Halaman Utama Admin",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 480,
"width": 454,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tampilan halaman utama admin adalah tampilan dimana jika disporapar sebagai admin berhasil login maka masuk ke tampilan halaman utama admin disajikan dalam Gambar 10.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 177,
"top": 662,
"width": 244,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 10. Tampilan Halaman Utama Admin",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 689,
"width": 117,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9. Tampilan Postingan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 703,
"width": 454,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tampilan postingan adalah tampilan dimana disporapar akan menginputkan informasi terkait disporapar maupun informasi lainnya disajikan dalam Gambar 11.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 133,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SISTEMASI : Jurnal Sistem Informasi",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 40,
"width": 58,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN:2302-8149",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 51,
"width": 131,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 13, Nomor 2, 2024: 667-678",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 456,
"top": 51,
"width": 65,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN:2540-9719",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 407,
"top": 771,
"width": 117,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://sistemasi.ftik.unisi.ac.id",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 806,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "675",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 214,
"top": 217,
"width": 171,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 11. Tampilan Postingan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 244,
"width": 97,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "10. Tampilan Hotel",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 258,
"width": 455,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tampilan hotel adalah tampilan dimana disporapar akan menginputkan hotel dan penginapan di Kabupaten Asahan disajikan dalam Gambar 12.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 225,
"top": 439,
"width": 148,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 12. Tampilan Hotel",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 467,
"width": 120,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "11. Tampilan Pengguna",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 480,
"width": 454,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tampilan pengguna adalah tampilan dimana disporapar sebagai pengolah sistem yang akan dijalankan disajikan dalam Gambar 13.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 214,
"top": 662,
"width": 171,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 13. Tampilan Pengguna",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 689,
"width": 128,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "12. Tampilan Data Aduan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 703,
"width": 455,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tampilan data aduan adalah tampilan dimana disporapar dapat menampilkan data laporan hasil aduan dari masyarakat disajikan dalam Gambar 14.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 133,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SISTEMASI : Jurnal Sistem Informasi",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 40,
"width": 58,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN:2302-8149",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 51,
"width": 131,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 13, Nomor 2, 2024: 667-678",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 456,
"top": 51,
"width": 65,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN:2540-9719",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 407,
"top": 771,
"width": 117,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://sistemasi.ftik.unisi.ac.id",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 806,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "676",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 208,
"top": 217,
"width": 183,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 14. Tampilan Data Aduan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 244,
"width": 122,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "13. Tampilan Data Hotel",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 258,
"width": 455,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tampilan data hotel adalah tampilan data laporan hotel yang telah diinput oleh disporapar disajikan dalam Gambar 15.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 439,
"width": 176,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 15. Tampilan Data Hotel",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 467,
"width": 137,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "14. Tampilan Change Profil",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 480,
"width": 454,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tampilan change profil adalah tampilan dimana disporapar dapat mengubah profil serta data lainnya terkait data disporapar sebagai admin disajikan dalam Gambar 16.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 203,
"top": 662,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 16. Tampilan Change Profil",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 676,
"width": 454,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "15. Tampilan Change Password Tampilan change password adalah tampilan dimana disporapar dapat mengganti password akun yang diinginkan disajikan dalam Gambar 17.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 133,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SISTEMASI : Jurnal Sistem Informasi",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 40,
"width": 58,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN:2302-8149",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 51,
"width": 131,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 13, Nomor 2, 2024: 667-678",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 456,
"top": 51,
"width": 65,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN:2540-9719",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 407,
"top": 771,
"width": 117,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://sistemasi.ftik.unisi.ac.id",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 806,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "677",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 193,
"top": 217,
"width": 212,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 17. Tampilan Change Password",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 244,
"width": 87,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4 Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 262,
"width": 458,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan uraian yang telah diberikan pada bab sebelumnya, bab terakhir ini berisi kesimpulan dari penelitian yang berjudul Implementasi Sistem Informasi Geografis Hotel Dan Penginapan di Kabupaten Asahan ini. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari penelitian ini adalah Sistem informasi geografis ini memudahkan Disporapar dan Masyarakat dapat mengetahui posisi hotel dan penginapan di Kabupaten Asahan. Karena dilengkapi dengan menu peta dan pencarian lokasi, sistem informasi geografis ini dapat mengidentifikasi titik lokasi hotel dan penginapan di Kabupaten Asahan. Ini memungkinkan pengguna untuk mengetahui posisi hotel dan penginapan bahkan jika masyarakat tidak tahu alamat dan namanya. Sistem Informasi Geografis untuk pemetaan lokasi hotel dan penginapan ini berbasis web dan memiliki informasi tentang hotel dan penginapan di Kabupaten Asahan serta menampilkan informasi terkait Disporapar Kabupaten Asahan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 426,
"width": 52,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Referensi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 455,
"width": 455,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[1] D. Suraya, D. Yuli Prasetyo, and I. Ilyas, “Sistem Informasi Geografis Pemetaan Hotel dan Wisma Berbasis Web di Kota Tembilahan,” Simkom , vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 73–83, 2023, doi: 10.51717/simkom.v8i2.138.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 497,
"width": 454,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[2] G. K. Apdilah and A. R. Pattisinai, “Pemetaan Persebaran Lokasi Hotel Bintang 4 Dan 5 Sebagai Destinasi Mice Di Wilayah Kota Surabaya Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis,” J. Vokasi Tek. Sipil , vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 140–147, 2023.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 538,
"width": 454,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[3] P. Setiani, I. Junaedi, A. Z. Sianipar, and V. Yasin, “Perancangan sistem informasi pelayanan penduduk berbasis website di rw 010 Kelurahan Keagungan Kecamatan Tamansari - Jakarta Barat,” J. Manajamen Inform. Jayakarta , vol. 1, no. 1, p. 20, 2021, doi: 10.52362/jmijayakarta.v1i1.414.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 593,
"width": 455,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[4] E. Duha and C. Juliani, “Perancangan Sistem Informasi Peminjaman Buku Perpustakaan Berbasis Web Pada Smp Negeri 3 Huragi,” J. SAINTIKOM (Jurnal Sains Manaj. Inform. dan Komputer) , vol. 19, no. 1, p. 24, 2020, doi: 10.53513/jis.v19i1.222.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 648,
"width": 454,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[5] D. D. Darmansah, “Perancangan Sistem Informasi Pengolahan Jadwal Mata Pelajaran Siswa Secara Online Di Smpn 31 Padang Berbasis Web,” JATISI (Jurnal Tek. Inform. dan Sist. Informasi) , vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 451–465, 2020, doi: 10.35957/jatisi.v7i3.490.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 690,
"width": 455,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[6] S. Pakpahan, A. Fa’atulo Halawa, K. Kunci, S. Informasi, and D. Desa, “Sistem Informasi Pengelolaan Dana Desa Pada Desa Hilizoliga Berbasis Web,” J. Tek. Inform. Unika St. Thomas , vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 109–117, 2020.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 731,
"width": 454,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[7] H. Kurniawan, W. Apriliah, I. Kurnia, and D. Firmansyah, “Penerapan Metode Waterfall Dalam Perancangan Sistem Informasi Penggajian Pada Smk Bina Karya",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 133,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SISTEMASI : Jurnal Sistem Informasi",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 40,
"width": 58,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN:2302-8149",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 51,
"width": 131,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 13, Nomor 2, 2024: 667-678",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 456,
"top": 51,
"width": 65,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN:2540-9719",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 407,
"top": 771,
"width": 117,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://sistemasi.ftik.unisi.ac.id",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 806,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "678",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 72,
"width": 422,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Karawang,” J. Interkom J. Publ. Ilm. Bid. Teknol. Inf. dan Komun. , vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 13–23, 2021, doi: 10.35969/interkom.v14i4.78.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 100,
"width": 455,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[8] S. Hasan and N. Muhammad, “Sistem Informasi Pembayaran Biaya Studi Berbasis Web Pada Politeknik Sains Dan Teknologi Wiratama Maluku Utara,” IJIS - Indones. J. Inf. Syst. , vol. 5, no. 1, p. 44, 2020, doi: 10.36549/ijis.v5i1.66.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 141,
"width": 454,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[9] I. Fathurrahman, M. F. Wajdi, H. Mandala Putra, and B. V. Widarina, “Sistem Informasi Geografis Pemetaan Sebaran Data Covid-19 Pada Puskesmas Kerongkong Kabupaten Lombok Timur Berbasis WebImam,” Infotek J. Inform. dan Teknol. , vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 42–52, 2022, doi: 10.29408/jit.v5i1.4392.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 199,
"width": 454,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[10] E. Redy Susanto, “Sistem Informasi Geografis (Gis) Tempat Wisata Di Kabupaten Tanggamus,” J. Teknol. dan Sist. Inf. , vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 125–135, 2021, [Online]. Available: http://jim.teknokrat.ac.id/index.php/JTSI",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 240,
"width": 455,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[11] H. Suhendi and F. U. Ali, “Sistem Informasi Geografis Berbasis Web Untuk Pemetaan Jalan Dan Jembatan Di Kota Cirebon,” Naratif J. Nas. Riset, Apl. dan Tek. Inform. , vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 6–15, 2020, doi: 10.53580/naratif.v2i1.77.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 282,
"width": 454,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[12] B. S. Sulastio, H. Anggono, and A. D. Putra, “Sistem Informasi Geografis untuk Menentukan Lokasi Rawan Macet di Jam Kerja pada Kota Bandar Lampung pada Berbasis Android,” J. Teknol. dan Sist. Inf. , vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 104–111, 2021, [Online]. Available: http://jim.teknokrat.ac.id/index.php/JTSI",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 337,
"width": 454,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[13] Solihin, I. A. K. W. Damayanti, and M. Suardani, “Pengantar Hotel dan Restoran,” Pengantar Hotel dan Restoran , pp. 1–109, 2021.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 364,
"width": 454,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[14] A. N. Chandra, F. Sylviana, and N. Nugrahaningsih, “Website Pemesanan Penginapan Di Palangka Raya,” J. Teknol. Inf. J. Keilmuan dan Apl. Bid. Tek. Inform. , vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 34–43, 2021, doi: 10.47111/jti.v15i1.1935.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 406,
"width": 454,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[15] A. B. Santoso, A. Zainudin, and E. Zusrony, “Penerapan Google API Service Pada Sistem Informasi Geografis Untuk Pemasaran Dan Pemetaan Kelompok UKM Kota Salatiga,” INOVTEK Polbeng - Seri Inform. , vol. 6, no. 2, p. 248, 2021, doi: 10.35314/isi.v6i2.2097.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 459,
"width": 455,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[16] Z. Tuasamu et al. , “Analisis Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Siklus Pendapatan Menggunakan DFD Dan Flowchart Pada Bisnis Porobico,” J. Bisnis Manaj. , vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 495–510, 2023.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 502,
"width": 454,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[17] Masrizal, R. Hidayatullah, and M. Arif, “Sistem Informasi Pengolahan Data Alumni Dan Tracer Study Pada STMIK DUMAI,” Lentera Dumai , vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 19–27, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://jurnal.unimor.ac.id/JITU/article/view/861",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 544,
"width": 455,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[18] D. W. T. Putra and R. Andriani, “Unified Modelling Language (UML) dalam Perancangan Sistem Informasi Permohonan Pembayaran Restitusi SPPD,” J. TeknoIf , vol. 7, no. 1, p. 32, 2019, doi: 10.21063/jtif.2019.v7.1.32-39.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 585,
"width": 454,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[19] R. Dan, I. Aplikasi, S. Lapangan, and B. Wilayah, “dengan atributnya , misalnya nama obyek , alamat , jenis obyek , dan lain sebagainya . Atribut juga disebut sebagai data elemen , data field , item elemen atau atribut . 4 ) Database Database adalah kumpulan field-field yang mempunyai kaitan antara satu f,” vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 88–103, 2022.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 640,
"width": 454,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[20] B. Juliartha, M. Putra, A. Fu, D. Ariani, and F. Yuniarti, “Analisa dan Rancangan Sistem Informasi Pariwisata Pacitan dengan UML dan ERD,” vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 63–72, 2022.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 682,
"width": 454,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[21] S. Churin, I. Aulia, and J. Tengah, “Pemanfaatan Uml ( Unified Modeling Language ) Dalam Perancangan Sistem Informasi Rekam,” vol. 6, no. Dm, pp. 38–44, 2022.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 709,
"width": 454,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[22] T. O. Simbolon, B. T. Sanni, and A. S. Fitri, “Perancangan Sistem Informasi Pemesanan,” vol. 11, no. 2, 2023.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 737,
"width": 454,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[23] I. P. Sari, A. Jannah, A. M. Meuraxa, A. Syahfitri, and R. Omar, “Perancangan Sistem Informasi Penginputan Database Mahasiswa Berbasis Web,” 2022.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
43fed6ed-2fab-b3e7-e450-75fe54bb0edc | https://journal.ibrahimy.ac.id/index.php/edupedia/article/download/249/1212 | [
{
"left": 193,
"top": 45,
"width": 183,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "edupedia Vol. 3, No. 2, Januari 2019",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 399,
"top": 45,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "135",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 92,
"width": 427,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MENTAL PERUBAHAN MENUJU MUTU PENDIDIKAN ISLAM",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 227,
"top": 163,
"width": 39,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 187,
"width": 45,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Oleh: Maskuri 1 Minhaji 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 168,
"top": 237,
"width": 34,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Email:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 249,
"width": 123,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 [email protected] 2 [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 326,
"width": 94,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Universitas Ibrahimy,",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 338,
"width": 47,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Situbondo",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 228,
"top": 176,
"width": 294,
"height": 148,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Education quality studiesare always dynamic, because the quality character always keeps up the times. Society demands for the implementation of Islamic education quality should be responded to well. Preparing and creating an atmosphere of quality culture in educational environment by mental change is the necessity. Efforts to forming the quality of education must begin by education providers. Islamic boarding schools as the one form of Islamic educational institutions, with Kyai as central figures are very important in responding any changes towards quality in education. Mental and quality culture also accompany management in Islamic education. Adequate professionalism and skillsarethe investment of resources which also determines quality of Islamic education. For this reason, the values of Islamic teachings contained in Alqur'an concerning quality, management, and change should be contextual.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 227,
"top": 357,
"width": 248,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Critical Thinking Skills, Guided Discovery Learning",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 399,
"width": 92,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 423,
"width": 212,
"height": 248,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mutu dalam percakapan sehari-hari sering dimaksudkan sebagai suatu yang absolut. Sebagai contoh mutu adalah bila kita merasakan makanan enak di sebuah restoran atau rumah makan. Kesan yang terucap adalah makanan ini sedap, pasti bermutu, dikerjakan oleh juru masak profesional. Bila kita melihat mobil mewah, rasanya ingin berucap mobil itu pasti bermutu karena yang menumpangi akan merasakan kenyamanan. Realita ucapan tersebut digunakan sebagai standar mutu yang selalu identik dengan mewah, cost yang tidak sedikit, dan tidak dapat diungguli. 1 Dalam hal pendidikan, masyarakat akan mengatakan, lulusan lembaga pendidikan dikatakan bermutu jika peserta didik melanjutkan studi di perguruan tinggi terkenal. Jika bekerja dalam sebuah perusahaan, bukan pada level pekerja kasar. Dan, apalagi jika mampu membuka lapangan kerja dengan karyawan di atas standar ketenaga kerjaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 683,
"width": 212,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sangat bertalian dengan out put dan out come , bahwa mutu memang menjadi harapan semua orang, tanpa terkecuali. Lembaga",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 741,
"width": 211,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Abuddin Nata, Kapita Selekta Pendidikan Islam: Isu-isu Kontemporer tentang Pendidikan Islam (Jakarta: Rajagrafindo Persada, 2016), 47.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 399,
"width": 212,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pendidikan Islam, sebagian masih dianggap belum mampu mengisi ruang mutu secara keseluruhan. Sebenarnya tidak salah jika lulusan pondok pesantren, yang dalam undang-undang disebut sebagai salah satu bentuk pendidikan keagamaan, tidak mengisi ruang kerja professional. Pendidikan keagamaan diselenggarakan dalam rangka melahirkan manusia yang ahli ilmu-ilmu keagamaan Islam. Namun, seiring perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang begitu cepat, pendidikan Islam sudah tidak lagi memfokuskan pada ilmu-ilmu keagamaan an sich. Jika kita pernah mendengar persaingan ekonomi yang besar akan mengalahkan yang kecil, hari ini berbeda, yang cepat akan mengalahkan yang lambat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 609,
"width": 212,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan ruang mutu yang didukung profesionalitas, lembaga pendidikan Islam harus memacu secara cepat dan tepat. Bukan persoalan harapan saja, tetapi memang kenyataan empiris mutu pendidikan Islam. Dibutuhkan mental perubahan yang kuat dan siap, serta mampu mengelola kebijakan mutu yang dibentuk oleh Negara. Hal penting yang harus diperhatikan juga adalah bagaimana",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 45,
"width": 196,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mental Perubahan Menuju Mutu Pendidikan Islam",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 502,
"top": 36,
"width": 20,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "136",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 71,
"width": 212,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "manajemen perubahan melakukan peningkatan mutu pendidikan Islam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 108,
"width": 81,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 133,
"width": 89,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mental Perubahan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 158,
"width": 212,
"height": 173,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penyelenggaraan pendidikan Islam, dalam berbagai bentuk kelembagaannya, sudah banyak mengalami kemajuan. Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi telah banyak membawa angin perubahan yang begitu kencang bagi proses penyelenggaraan pendidikan. Kata perubahan sudah menjadi “makanan” setiap orang, bahkan untuk meraih simpati publik, kata perubahan selalu mendominasi pemberitaan di berbagai media massa dan elektronik serta media sosial. Siapa pun yang berkeinginan maju harus mau dengan perubahan, yang tidak mau dengan perubahan maka akan tertinggal dan tergilas oleh angin perubahan itu sendiri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 343,
"width": 212,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam terminologi sosiologi perubahan sosial dikatakan , tidak ada yang abadi dalam dunia ini, kecuali satu yaitu perubahan. Begitu pun dengan keberadaan pendidikan Islam, perubahan sudah menjadi satu tema pokok. Perubahan bukan sekedar sebuah kata yang mudah dan murah didengar, tapi perubahan merupakan perintah agama. Surah dan ayat Alqur’an yang paling populer dikalangan pengusung perubahan adalah ayat 11 surat al- Ra’du,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 467,
"width": 212,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ُ هَل ُُ ُ تاَبِّ قَع م ُُ ُ نِّم ُُ ُِّ يَب ُُ ُِّه يَدَي ُُ ُ نِّمَو ُُ ُِّهِّف لَخ ُُ ُ هَنو ظَف َيَ ُُ ُ نِّم ُُ ُِّر مَأ ُُ َُِّللّا ُُ َُنِّإ ُُ ََُللّا ُُ َُل ُُ ُ ِّ يَغ ي ُُ ُاَم ُُ ُ م وَقِّب ُُ َُتَّح ُُ ُاو ِّ يَغ ي ُُ ُاَم ُُ ُ مِّه ِّس ف نَِّبِ ُُ ُاَذِّإَو ُُ َُداَرَأ ُُ ُ َللّا ُُ ُ م وَقِّب ُُ ُاًءو س ُُ َُلَف ُُ َُدَرَم ُُ ُ هَل ُُ ُاَمَو ُُ ُ م َلَ ُُ ُ نِّم ُُ ُِّهِّنو د ُُ ُ نِّم ُُ ُ لاَو ُُُ[ ُدعرلا ُُ: 11 ُ]",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 545,
"width": 211,
"height": 148,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Artinya: “ Bagi manusia ada malaikat-malaikat yang selalu mengikutinya bergiliran, di muka dan di belakangnya, mereka menjaganya atas perintah Allah. Sesungguhnya Allah tidak merubah keadaan sesuatu kaum sehingga mereka merubah keadaan yang ada pada diri mereka sendiri. Dan apabila Allah menghendaki keburukan terhadap sesuatu kaum, maka tak ada yang dapat menolaknya; dan sekali-kali tak ada pelindung bagi mereka selain Dia. ” (QS. Al- Ra’d: 11)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 706,
"width": 212,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam kotenks ayat di atas, banyak ilmuwan menyatakan bahwa melakukan perubahan dibutuhkan persiapan mental. Malik Madani, saat orasi ilmiah dalam acara wisuda di Institut Agama Islam Ibrahimy menyampaikan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 71,
"width": 212,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "bahwa yang dimaksud dengan anfusihim adalah mental. Jika sekedar merubah fisik barangkali tidak membutuhkan perencanaan dan strategi detail. Tetapi merubah mental seseorang agar mau dengan kenyataan perkembangan membutuhkan persiapan mental. Hal yang sama disampaikan Husein Aziz, Direktur Pascasarjana UINSA Surabaya, saat penulis menyampaikan disertasi pada ujian tertutup, bahwa mental merupakan kunci utama dalam mengikuti arus perubahan. Sulit rasanya umat Islam dengan segala proses penyelenggaraan pendidikannya untuk maju jika belum tersiapkan mental perubahan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 244,
"width": 212,
"height": 190,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andaikan Allah menggunakan hak prerogratifnya untuk menjadikan suatu kaum menjadi suatu kelompok masyarakat yang tidak baik ( ُ م وَقِّب ُاًءو س ) , tidak ada satu orang atau kelompok mana pun yang bisa melakukan penolakan. Tetapi, Allah justru akan merubah keadaan kebaikan suatu masyarakat yang berusaha dengan diiringi sikap mental yang bersahaja, melalui kebaikannya, maka Allah akan memenuhi kebaikan yang dilakukan hamba-Nya. Janganlah menyalahkan suatu keadaan, apalagi menyalahkan Allah jika ternyata keadaan suatu masyarakat lebih cenderung keburukannya. Semua terserah kita!",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 446,
"width": 212,
"height": 173,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ayat di atas bukan sekedar norma untuk memotivasi perilaku perubahan, tetapi instruksi Tuhan untuk umat manusia agar menyiapkan mental dalam mengikuti arus perubahan. Usaha yang gigih akan mendapatkan kesuksesan, namun sebaliknya jika usahanya tidak disertai dengan semangat mental perubahan yang gigih maka hanya teks perubahan yang terdengar dan terbaca, tanpa ada bekas perubahan menuju kebaikan. Kesungguhan itulah yang akan “dihargai” oleh Allah dengan pemberian anugerah diberinya jalan menuju sukses, mendapatkan petunjuk- Nya.Sebagaimana Allah firmankan dalam surat al- ankabut ayat 69, yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 620,
"width": 212,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ُ:توبكنعلا[َُيِّنِّس ح م لاَُعَمَلََُللّاَُنِّإَوُاَنَل ب سُ م هَ نَ يِّد هَ نَلُاَنيِّفُاو دَهاَجَُنيِّذَلاَو",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 511,
"top": 636,
"width": 13,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "69 ُ]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 653,
"width": 212,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Artinya: “ Dan orang-orang yang berjihad untuk (mencari keridhaan) Kami, benar-benar akan Kami tunjukkan kepada mereka jalan-jalan Kami. Dan sesungguhnya Allah benar-benar beserta orang-orang yang berbuat baik. ” (QS. Al-Ankabut: 69)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 739,
"width": 212,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Orang yang berbuat baiklah yang benar- benar akan dijadikan sebagai hamba yang selalu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 37,
"width": 232,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "137 Mental Perubahan Menuju Mutu Pendidikan Islam",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 72,
"width": 212,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "disertai dalam setiap usaha kesungguhannya. Hanya orang yang memiliki kebaikan mentallah yang akan mendapatkan anugerah kebersamaan dengan Allah dalam Kasih Sayang dan kelembutan sifat-Nya. Dalam ayat lain, kata anfusihim juga mengarah pada mental, sekalipun secara etimologis berarti jiwa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 158,
"width": 212,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ُاَهُّ يَأَيَ ُُ َُنيِّذَلا ُُ ُاو نَمآ ُُ ُاو ق ُُ ُ م كَس ف نَأ ُُ ُ م كيِّل هَأَو ُُ ُاًرَنَ ُُ ُاَه دو قَو ُُ ُ ساَنلا ُُ ُ ةَراَجِّ لْاَو ُُ ُاَه يَلَع ُُ ُ ةَكِّئ َلَم ُُ ُ ظ َلِّغ ُُ ُ داَد ِّش ُُ َُل ُُ َُنو ص عَ ي ُُ ََُللّا ُُ ُاَم ُُ ُ م هَرَمَأ ُُ َُنو لَع فَ يَو ُُ ُاَم ُُ َُنو رَم ؤ ي ُُُ[ ُيرحتلا ُُ: 6 ُ]",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 220,
"width": 212,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Artinya: “ Hai orang-orang yang beriman, peliharalah dirimu dan keluargamu dari api neraka yang bahan bakarnya adalah manusia dan batu; penjaganya malaikat-malaikat yang kasar, keras, dan tidak mendurhakai Allah terhadap apa yang diperintahkan-Nya kepada mereka dan selalu mengerjakan apa yang diperintahkan. ” (QS. Al-Tahrim: 6)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 331,
"width": 212,
"height": 210,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata anfus diterjemahkan dengan ‘dirimu’, karena jiwa memang berkaitan dengan keberadaan diri. Kita diperintah untuk selalu menjaga diri, menyiapkan mental keberagamaan dengan penuh keimanan dan ketakwaan agar terbebas dari jeratan api neraka. Jiwa, diri, dan mental adalah sesuatu yang halus, yang membutuhkan sentuhan bathiniyah. Terhindar dari api neraka bukan saja kelak setelah kematian, namun kehidupan dunia yang akan mengantarkan ke alam akhirat membutuhkan mental yang bersih, jiwa yang lembut penuh cahaya keimanan dan ketakwaan. Cermin kehidupan jiwa atau mental yang halus adalah ketika melakukan interaksi sosial di tengah kehidupan yang penuh tantangan, godaan, dan dinamika perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 554,
"width": 212,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Agar diri ini, keluarga, dan kerabat terhindar dari api neraka perlu bimbingan dan petunjuk akan sebuah kebenaran ilahi. Meneladani Nabi dalam seluruh dimensi kehidupan merupakan wujud dari usaha untuk terhindar dari sesuatu yang buruk. Jadi, mental memang membutuhkan sentuhan, bimbingan, dan arahan agar siap melakukan perubahan perilaku supaya menemukan kedamaian hidup.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 678,
"width": 212,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menuju tujuan mulia, perubahan ke arah yang lebih baik merupakan persiapan untuk mendapatkan sesuatu yang bermutu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 741,
"width": 211,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 Husein Aziz, “ Kebijakan SMK Mini Jawa Timur di lIngkungan Pondok Pesantren: Analisis Perda Jawa Timur Nomor 9 tahun 2014 tentang Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 72,
"width": 215,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penyelenggaraan pendidikan adalah pranata sosial, wadah atau lembaga sosial yang menjadi tempat mempersiapkan sumber daya manusia menghadapi perkembangan dunia. Umat Islam di Indonesia menjadi penduduk yang mayoritas. Karena itu, maju dan mundurnya bangsa Indonesia akan tercermin dalam pola pikir dan perilaku umat Islam. Di masa lalu, masa kelam umat Islam (khususnya kaum nahdliyin, NU), pendidikan Islam belum menjadi pendidikan alternatif. Lulusan pendidikan Islam masih dianggap sebagai penyedia sumber daya manusia yang hanya menguasai ilmu keagamaan Islam. Kalimat dan ungkapan nyinyir yang diarahkan kepada pendidikan Islam, khususnya pondok pesantren, begitu keras dan derap lajunya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 282,
"width": 212,
"height": 173,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kesan lembaga pendidikan pinggiran, tak menghasilkan lulusan yang siap bersaing dalam seluruh aspek kehidupan akibat pengaruh globalisasi terdengar nyaring di ruang-ruang terbuka. Ada yang menanggapi dengan santai, karena memang ditanamkan sikap menerima apa adanya. Ada yang biasa-biasa saja, bahkan terkesan cuek dengan segala ungkapan nyinyir. Sebagian ada yang marah dan tersinggung dengan cap pinggiran dan jumud, tidak mau dengan perubahan. Ragam sikap umat Islam dan pengelola atau pemimpin lembaga pendidikan Islam terhadap kritik tajam ternyata menjadi pemicu dikalangan pemimpin pondok pesantren.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 468,
"width": 212,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebagian lembaga pendidikan Islam yang memang sejak awal menerapkan manajemen modern, selalu adaptasi dengan perubahan, menjadi pilihan idola masyarakat. Di Jakarta ada pendidikan Islam al-Azhar. Mereka yang sekolah di al-Azhar kebanyakan orang-orang yang secara ekonomi mapan, kelas menengah atas. Namun, lembaga pendidikan Islam pondok pesantren masih dianggap sebagai pendidikan yang hanya mengeluarkan out put orang-orang yang hanya bisa mengaji kitab-kitab klasik, karya ulama-ulama terdahulu. Manajemen pondok pesantren belum sepenuhnya menerapkan modernisasi, penyelenggaraan pendidikan masih belum seluruhnya menerima perubahan akibat perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 678,
"width": 212,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setelah banyak belajar dari ‘kegagalan’ masa lalu dalam pengelolaan dan penyelenggaraan pendidikan Islam, para pemimpin pondok",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 741,
"width": 211,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Kuliah Penulisan Disertasi Univiesitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel-Surabaya).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 45,
"width": 196,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mental Perubahan Menuju Mutu Pendidikan Islam",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 502,
"top": 36,
"width": 20,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "138",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 71,
"width": 212,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pesantren segera bangkit dan melakukan akselerasi terhadap perubahan. Peningkatan kualitas dan kapasitas sumber daya manusia menjadi keniscayaan yang harus dihadapi dan dilakukan secara terencana, terarah, intensif, dan berkesinambungan oleh umat Islam. 3 Sebagaimana perintah perubahan yang tercermin dalam ayat di atas, jangan hanya dipidatokan saja. Sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas dalam mengelola dan menyelenggarakan pendidikan memiliki peran penting dan strategis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 220,
"width": 212,
"height": 247,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kesadaran dan hilangnya dikotomi keilmuan dikalangan cendekiawan muslim, khususnya pemimpin pondok pesantren, antara ilmu agama dan umum sudah mencair dan lunak. Ilmu sudah terintegrasi dalam sebuah kewajiban mencarinya. Apa pun keahliannya, umat Islam sangat membutuhkan. Imam al-Ghazali dalam karya monumentalnya, Ihyak ‘Ulumuddin menyatakan bahwa kewajiban mencari ilmu bagi orang Islam adalah kewajiban kolektif dalam berbagai bidang keahlian. Bekal keilmuan menjadi modal penting dalam memompa sikap dan mental perubahan umat Islam. Di era sekarang, tantangan yang harus dihadapi oleh pendidikan Islam bukan saja pertarungan ideologi besar dunia, globalisasi industri sebagai dampak kemajuan teknologi. Pendidikan Islam juga menghadapi berbagai kecenderungan, bahkan ‘kegilaan’ liberalisasi di semu a lini kehidupan, bak badai besar ( turbulance ) seperti tsunami.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 479,
"width": 212,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setidaknya, menurut Daniel Bell sebagaimana tulis Abuddin Nata, 4 ada lima kecenderungan arus globalisasi, yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 517,
"width": 211,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. adanya integrasi ekonomi yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 529,
"width": 194,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mengakibatkan dunia pendidikan menghadapi persaingan bebas dalam perekonomian. Akibat kecenderungan ini ada sebagian kalangan umat Islam menerapkan kapitalisasi pendidikan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 591,
"width": 212,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. fragmentasi politik yang membuka ruang tuntutan terhadap praktik politik yang egaliter, demokratis, transparan, akuntabel, cepat, tepat, dan profesional.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 640,
"width": 212,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. penggunaan teknologi komunikasi dan informasi yang semakin canggih, menuntut adanya keterbukaan dan pelayanan cepat dan tepat waktu. Semua berbasis on line, tidak ada lagi kertas berjejeran di meja yang harus dikoreksi satu persatu. Jika masih ada kertas",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 741,
"width": 211,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3 Muhammad Fathurrohman dan Sulistyorini, Implementasi Manajemen Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan Islam (Yogyakarta:",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 761,
"width": 56,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teras, 2012), 2.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 71,
"width": 194,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pun hanya berlaku pada pelayanan administrasi pokok saja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 96,
"width": 212,
"height": 148,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. interdependensi antar negara yang menyebabkan adanya hegemoni negara- negara besar dan maju terhadap negara yang belum maju atau berkembang. Terbentuknya hubungan saling ketergantungan bisa mengakibatkan beban negara menjadi besar yang mengakibatkan layanan pendidikan harus tergantung juga. Bantuan negara maju kepada negara berkembang kadang menembus hegemoni politik dan ekonomi yang akibatnya interdependesi berubah menjadi intervensi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 244,
"width": 212,
"height": 148,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. adanya penjajahan gaya baru melalui akulturasi, penjajahan budaya yang mengakibatkan pola pikir ( mindset ) pengguna jasa layanan penyelenggaraan pendidikan menjadi ‘sekuler’. Belajar, mencari ilmu bukan untuk memperbaiki perilaku kebaikan. Pragmatisme melanda dunia pendidikan, akibatnya belajar menjadi sarana ampuh untuk mencari pekerjaan. Mau tidak mau penyelenggaraan pendidikan harus sejalan dengan kemauan pasar dunia kerja dan industri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 405,
"width": 212,
"height": 210,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kecenderungan arus globalisasi yang kelima menjadi pusat perhatian kalangan penyelenggara pendidikan Islam. Sejak memasuk abad ke-21 atau abad millenial, yang kemudian dikenal denganera ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Keberadaan umat Islam semakin tertantang, khususnya kelompok umat yang selama ini disebut sebagai kelompok tradisional. Suatu komunitas masyarakat yang selalu mempertahankan tradisi dan asyik dengan romantisme sejarah. Masa lalu seakan menjadi masa yang seharusnya dipertahankan tanpa ada perubahan apa pun. Bahkan modifikasi pun menjadi momok bagi masyarakat tradisional. Padahal tanpa adanya dorongan atau support iptek yang mapan masyarakat akan tertinggal dari perubahan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 628,
"width": 212,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Akibat pesatnya iptek yang masuk ke semua lini kehidupan, terjadi perdebatan antar ilmu dan etika (agama) dalam konteks bebas nilai. Jika di Barat ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi masuk dalam bingkai dikotomi, artinya berkembangnya iptek harus terbebas dari etika yang diatur dengan norma agama. Proses pembebasan nilai dalam kebudayaan Barat oleh",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 741,
"width": 186,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4 Abuddin Nata, Kapita Selekta Pendidikan Islam , 14-17.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 37,
"width": 232,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "139 Mental Perubahan Menuju Mutu Pendidikan Islam",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 72,
"width": 212,
"height": 173,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pakar pendidikan Islam dikatakan sebagai sekulerisasi ilmu pengetahuan. Dulu, pada masa aufklarung atau pencerahan di Barat, kelompok pengusung perubahan menyatakan bahwa kalau mau maju harus melepaskan ilmu pengetahuan dari etika dan dogma-dogma agama. Bagi mereka agama adalah candu dalam proses sekulersisasi ilmu. Dalam konteks Indonesia, ilmu tidak boleh lepas dari nilai-nilai agama dan etika yang berkembang di tengah masyarakat. Tujuan pendidikan nasional menempatkan pembentukan keimanan dan ketakwaan yang didukung oleh ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi menjadi sasaran utama. 5",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 257,
"width": 212,
"height": 235,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ilmu harus obyektif, karena itu harus dipisahkan dengan iman agar terbebas dari belenggu nilai-nilai agama. Kecenderungan sekulerisasi ilmu di Barat hingga memisahkan ilmu dengan iman terjadi karena dominasi gereja- gereja dalam mengintervensi dan menghegemoni para ilmuwan. Gereja punya otoritas menentukan kebenaran sebuah ilmu. Ketika seseorang melakukan kegiatan ilmiah, maka ia harus bebas dari kepentingan apa pun yang menggoda nilai kebenaran ilmiahnya, termasuk agama pun tidak boleh mempengaruhi proses ilmiah karena akan terjadi bias obyektivitas terhadap hasil penyelidikan keilmuannya. Tidak mudah untuk mengintegrasikan ilmu dan agama (sebagai etika dan rambu-rambu moral) dalam satu bingkai yang integred. 6 Mengilmukan Islam atau mengislamkan ilmu, dalam kalimat lain diungkap sebagai proses islamisasi ilmu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 505,
"width": 212,
"height": 160,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tradisionalisme yang masih melekat dalam pola kehidupandi era globalisasi, dikatakan sebagai reaksi atas perkembangan sosial yang begitu cepat, namun di sisi lain tidak mampu untuk mengadaptasikan diri. Sebagai ‘balasannya’ adalah mempertahankan tradisi masa lalu, untuk dijadikan tameng, dibangkitkan kembali sekedar untuk mencari pembenar atas kekalahan dalam bersaing mengikuti pesatnya globalisasi akibat iptek yang semakin canggih. Apa yang datang dari luar dianggap sebagai perusak tradisi. Lebih baik berromantisme dengan sejarah yang telah mendarah daging. 7",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 678,
"width": 212,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kelompok romantis ini bisa saja melakukan penolakan karena ingin mempertahankan kekuasaan kulturnya. Padahal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 731,
"width": 190,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5 H.A.R. Tilaar, Perubahan Sosial dan Pendidikan (Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2012), 59-60.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 751,
"width": 211,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6 Syarifuddin Jurdi, Sosiologi Islam dan Masyarakat Modern: Teori, Fakta, dan Aksi Sosial ( Jakarta: Kecana, 2010), 2-3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 72,
"width": 212,
"height": 210,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "di tempat ‘tersembunyi’ memanfaatkan kemajuan teknologi sebagai kegiatan seilent agar tidak diketahui pengkut kulturnya. Pemikiran kelompok anti teknologi bukan saja didominasi elit yang ada di pinggiran. Mereka tidak semata- mata terinjeksi virus pemikiran filsuh dalam negeri. Atas nama berpikir filsafati, mereka ingin kembali ke akar, alam, dan filsafat timur. Latar belakang pemikiran kelompok anti teknologi ini didasari atas gejala kapitalisme destruktif dan nilai-nilai perjuangan humanis yang mereka usung. Tidak banyak memang untuk mengidentifikasi kelompok romantic dan anit teknologi. Karena pada hakikatnya mereka juga sadar dengan gerak natural perubahan. Tidak direncanakan dan tidak dipikirkan pun, perubahan pasti berjalan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 294,
"width": 212,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Realita di atas menjadi motivasi bagi penyelenggara dan pengelola pendidikan Islam dalam memacu perubahan menuju pendidikan yang bermutu. Siap bersaing, fastabiquu al-khairat (berlomba-lomba dalam kebaikan) dalam mengelola pendidikan dengan manajemen yang berkualitas. Modal manajemen merupakan kewajiban bagi penanggung jawab penyelenggara pendidikan. Keberadaan yayasan pendidikan dan layanan sosial menjadi penting dalam kesiapan manajemen menuju mutu pendidikan Islam.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 443,
"width": 212,
"height": 173,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Masyarakat akan melihat sejauhmana lulusan pendidikan Islam mampu bersaing dengan dunia pendidikan lain. Sudah banyak alumni atau lulusan pendidikan Islam masuk ke jenjang pendidikan tinggi yang maju. Sudah banyak santri pondok pesantren yang melanjutkan studi pada perguruan tinggi yang kredibel. Banyak pula lulusan pondok pesantren yang melebih lulusan pendidikan umum dalam hal produktifitas kerja. Para santri sudah memasuki ruang persaingan ketat dalam dunia global. Mental perubahan sebagai pintu menuju pendidikan mutu merupakan keharusan yang tak terelakkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 629,
"width": 212,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mutu Pendidikan sebagai Kebutuhan atau Keinginan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 666,
"width": 212,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Istilah mutu sering dikaitkan dengan sebuah hasil dari upaya yang dilakukan seseorang atau kelompok. Masyarakat akan mengatakan lembaga pendidikan bermutu jika menghasilkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 731,
"width": 211,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7 Nurani Soyomukti, Teori-Teori Pendidikan: dari Tradisional, (neo) Liberal, Marxis-Sosialis, hingga Postmodern (Yogyakarta: Arruzz Media, 2015), 111.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 45,
"width": 196,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mental Perubahan Menuju Mutu Pendidikan Islam",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 502,
"top": 36,
"width": 20,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "140",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 71,
"width": 212,
"height": 148,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "lulusan atau alumninya sebagai manusia yang sukses dalam meniti kehidupan. Sebaliknya, masyarakat akan menjustifikasi lembaga pendidikan sebagai tidak bermutu manakala lulusannya belum menunjukkan kinerja yang baik dan produktif. Dalam konteks lulusan lembaga pendidikan, parameter sebagai lembaga pendidikan bermutu tentu tidak cukup hanya satu indicator. Misalnya, seorang peserta didik telah menyelesaikan studi di lembaga pendidikan, lalu dia menlanjutkan studinya ke jenjang pendidikan yang lebih tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 232,
"width": 212,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari sekolah menengah pertama ke sekolah menengah atas, lalu ke perguruan tinggi. Sebagian masyarakat ada yang menilai, sekolah ata lembaga pendidikan dikatakan bermutu jika banyak lulusannya melanjutkan ke perguruan tinggi pavorit. Sementara kelompok masyarakat lain mengatakan, lembaga pendidikan bermutu jika lulusannya menjadi manusia yang baik, menjadi tauladan bagi kehidupan masyarakat dan selalu memfasilitasi penyelesaian problem kemasyarakatan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 380,
"width": 212,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Asumsi atau persepsi publik terhadap mutu bagi kembaga pendidikan, sebagaimana dijelaskan di atas tentu tidak berdiri sendiri. Persepsi itu terbangun atau dibangun atas banyak faktor, perkembangan media informasi yang begitu deras dan cepat, kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, pergaulan dengan banyak kelompok masyarakat, dan sajian diskusi atau berita yang berkembang di media massa, eletronik serta sosial. Dewasa ini mutu menjadi trend pembicaraan masyarakat dari berbagai kalangan. Tidak penting biaya mahal jika hasilnya menambah kepuasan dan kebaikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 554,
"width": 212,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebagai contoh, merebaknya toka-toko modern yang berjejer hampir di sepanjang jalan raya telah menjadi alternatif bagi masyarakat yang hendak memenuhi kebutuhan sesaat untuk memenuhi kepuasan. Padahal jika dibandingkan dengan harga di toko tradisional yang dikelola masyarakat umum, selisihnya cukup lumayan tinggi. Namun mutu pelayanan dan kenyamanan konsumen terpenuhi saat baru memasuki took modern.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 690,
"width": 212,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mutu telah menjadi isu yang sangat penting bagi seluruh sektor kehidupan, baik di kalangan bisnis, pemerintahan, sistem",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 741,
"width": 211,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8 Tim penyusunan Kamus Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (Jakarta: Balai Pustaka, 1996), 677.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 71,
"width": 212,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pendidikan, dan sektor-sektor lain. Menurut kamus besar bahasa Indonesia, mutu diartikan sebagai ukuran baik buruk suatu benda; kadar; taraf atau derajat (kepandaian, kecerdasan, dan sebagainya), kualitas. 8 Menurut kamus bahasa Arab, mutu diterjemahkan dalam lafadh يدوج ( judiyun ). 9",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 174,
"width": 212,
"height": 148,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam bahasa Inggris, disebutkan dengan quality, dan menjadi bahasa Indonesia dengan kualitas. Kata terakhir ini juga sering menjadi perbincangan banyak kalangan masyarakat tanpa mengenal kelas social dan keilmuan. Semua orang tahu tentang apa itu kualitas dan mutu, tapi tidak semuanya memahami dengan detail ketika ditanya standard an kualifikasi mutu dan kualitas. Masyarakat umum hanya bisa merasakan hasil dan efek dari sebuah upaya yang menghasilkan kerja bermutu dan berkualitas.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 335,
"width": 212,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Siapa bilang Alqur’an sebagai pedoman hidup dan kehidupan umat Islam dan umat manusia tidak mengenal ajaran tentang mutu. Allah menyuruh kepada kita semua agar memperhatikan keadilan dan kebajikan. Dua hal tersebut menjadi prasyarat agar bisa menapaki jalan kehidupan yang bermutu, baik untuk dirinya maupun orang lain. Allah berfirman dalam surat An-Nahl ayat 90, yaitu:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 446,
"width": 215,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "َُنِّإ ُُ ََُللّا ُُ ُ ر م َيَ ُُ ُِّل دَع لِّبِ ُُ ُِّناَس حِّ لْاَو ُُ ُِّءاَتيِّإَو ُُ ُيِّذ ُُ َُب ر ق لا ُُ ُىَه نَ يَو ُُ ُِّنَع ُُ ُِّءاَش حَف لا ُُ ُِّرَك ن م لاَو ُُ ُِّي غَ ب لاَو ُُ ُ م ك ظِّعَي ُُ ُ م كَلَعَل ُُ َُنو رَكَذَت ُُ ُ[ ُلحنلا ُُ: 90 ُ] Artinya: “Sesungguhnya Allah menyuruh (kamu) berlaku adil dan berbuat kebajikan, memberi kepada kaum kerabat, dan Allah melarang dari perbuatan keji, kemungkaran dan permusuhan. Dia memberi pengajaran kepadamu agar kamu dapat mengambil pelajaran.” (QS. Al-Nahl: 90)",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 595,
"width": 212,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam penjelasannya, Quraish Shibah, mengutip kitab Al-Mustadrak disebutkan suatu riwayat yang bersumber dari Ibnu Masud mengatakan, bahwa ayat di atas adalah ayat yang paling padat mengandung anjuran melakukan kebaikan dan menjauhi keburukan di dalam Alquran. Tidak mudah melakukan perbuatan kebaikan dan menegakkan keadilan karena butuh proses dan persiapan yang matang. Bila hanya menyeru tanpa beban, setiap orang sangat",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 741,
"width": 211,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9 Ahmad Warson Munawir dan Muhammad Fairuz, Al Munawwir, Kamus Indonesia – Arab (Surabaya: Pustaka Progressif, 2007), 594",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 37,
"width": 232,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "141 Mental Perubahan Menuju Mutu Pendidikan Islam",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 72,
"width": 212,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mungkin bisa melakukan. Tapi jika kebaikan dan keadilan yang akan kita lakukan membekas dalam diri dan jiwa maka tidak semudah mengatakan kebaikan dan keadilan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 134,
"width": 212,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Umat Islam oleh Allah dinyatakan sebagai umat yang terbaik, dengan syarat mampu melakukan amar ma’ruf dan nahi munkar yang disertai dengan mutu perbuatannya. Umat terbaik diantara umat yang lain bukanlah sekedar slogan dan motto yang hanya dibaca dan didengungkan sebagai kesombongan diri di atas umat lainnya. Sebagai umat terbaik, umat yang terpilih, Allah berfirman dalam surat Ali Imron ayat 110, sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 257,
"width": 214,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ُ م ت ن ك ُ َُ يَخ ُ ُ ةَم أ ُ ُ تَجِّر خ أ ُ ُِّساَنلِّل ُ َُنو ر م َتَ ُ ُِّفو ر عَم لِّبِ ُ َُن وَه نَ تَو ُُ ُِّنَع ُُ ُِّرَك ن م لا ُُ َُنو نِّم ؤ تَو ُُ َُِّللّ ِّبِ ُُ ُ وَلَو ُُ َُنَمآ ُُ ُ ل هَأ ُُ ُِّباَتِّك لا ُُ َُناَكَل ُُ ُاً يَخ ُُ ُ م َلَ ُُ ُ م ه نِّم ُُ َُنو نِّم ؤ م لا ُُ ُ م ه رَ ث كَأَو ُُ َُنو ق ِّساَف لا ُُُ[ ُلآ ُُ ُنارمع ُُ: 110 ُ] Artinya: “Kamu adalah umat yang terbaik yang dilahirkan untuk manusia, menyuruh kepada yang ma'ruf, dan mencegah dari yang munkar, dan beriman kepada Allah. Sekiranya Ahli Kitab beriman, tentulah itu lebih baik bagi mereka, di antara mereka ada yang beriman, dan kebanyakan mereka adalah orang-orang yang fasik.” (QS. Ali ‘Imran: 110)",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 434,
"width": 212,
"height": 210,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Membentuk dan mempertahankan umat terbaik dibutuhkan proses yang berkelanjutan. Tidak hanya menggunakan parameter teks, namun kontekstual dengan dinamika yang sedang terjadi akibat kemajuan teknologi yang terus meningkat. Lembaga pendidikan Islam sebagai lembaga pendidikan keagamaan mengharuskan adanya kesiapan dan kemauan untuk melakukan perubahan. Yang tidak mau dengan dinamika perubahan akan tergilas dan tertinggal. Harus ada inovasi-inovasi dan kreasi dalam mengadopsi seluruh proses perubahan agar tetap survive di tengah tantangan arus globalisasi. 10 Menghasilkan lulusan yang berproses dalam lembaga pendidikan Islam agar menjadi lulusan yang bermutu adalah kebutuhan. Untuk itu perlu ada komitmen melakukan program pendidikan yang bermutu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 657,
"width": 212,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nana Syaodih Sukmadinata, sebagaimana tulis Fathurrohman,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 682,
"width": 212,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mengidentifikasi basic yang harus dipersiapkan dalam rangka menjadikan mutu dalam sebuah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 731,
"width": 211,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "10 Muhammad Fathurrohman dan Sulistyorini, Implementasi Manajemen Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan Islam , 300.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 751,
"width": 211,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "11 Muhammad Fathurrohman dan Sulistyorini, Implementasi Manajemen Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan Islam , 364.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 72,
"width": 212,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "proses pendidikan, yaitu 1) perlunya komitmen melakukan perubahan yang diterapkan dalam pola kepemimpinan, 2) kejelasan terhadap pemahaman sebuah kondisi real, 3) memiliki visi yang jelas untuk menatap masa depan yang penuh tantangan. Karena kunci utama menjadikan pendidikan bermutu adalah komitmen melakukan perubahan sebagai pintu masuk sebuah inovasi. 11",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 183,
"width": 212,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pondok pesantren sebagai salah satu, bahkan yang terdepan sebagai lembaga pendidikan Islam sudah banyak melakukan proses inovasi. Sebagai pendidikan tradisional, pesantren sudah mereformasi diri dengan melakukan adopsi pembelajaran modern, dan realita ini sudah banyak kita saksikan. Para aktivis Islam telah mengembangkan pendidikan pesantren dengan membentuk visi yang sangat jelas dan ideologis. Hal itu dilakukan sebagai salah satu upaya membendung arus kapitalisasi global yang sudah melanda berbagai lini institusi sosial, termasuk pendidikan yang ada di pesantren. 12",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 356,
"width": 212,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sempat dicap sebagai pendidikan yang melahirkan teroris sehingga dicurigai oleh lembaga-lembaga intelejen, luar negeri dan dalam negeri sebagai sarang pemberontak. Sebagian besar para pengelola pesantren, terutama kiai-kiai pesantren berbasis NU tidak terima dan bahkan mencurigai balik kelompok atau bahkan badan intelejen yang menuduhnya sarang teroris sebagai agen asing. Jika memang benar ada sebagian kecil pesantren mendidik santrinya menjadi generasi yang keras dalam merespon globalisasi sehingga melahirkan teroris, maka tidak boleh melakukan generalisasi stigma buruk semacam itu.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 530,
"width": 212,
"height": 185,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan akan mutu pendidikan, salah satu prasyaratnya adalah kualitas sumber daya yang memadai. Kualitas menurut Iyung Pahan, sebagaimana tulis Barnawi dan M. Arifin adalah keseluruhan gambaran dan karakteristik menyeluruh dari barang dan jasa sehingga memberikan efek memuaskan dengan dukungan kemampuan yang dimilikinya. 13 Sementara dalam konteks lain , kualitas yang sepadan dengan mutu merupakan sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan baik buruknya atau taraf atau derajat sesuatu. Sebenarnya, istilah kualitas lebih sering digunakan dalam dunia bisnis, rekayasa, dan manufaktur. Produk yang berupa barang atau jasa akan dikatakan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 731,
"width": 211,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "12 Nurani Soyomukti, Teori-Teori Pendidikan: dari Tradisional,",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 741,
"width": 172,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(neo) Liberal, Marxis-Sosialis, hingga Postmodern , 222.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 751,
"width": 211,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "13 Barnawi dan M. Arifin, Sistem Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 761,
"width": 190,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teori dan Praktik (Yogyakarta: Arruzz Media, 2017), 15.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 45,
"width": 196,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mental Perubahan Menuju Mutu Pendidikan Islam",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 502,
"top": 36,
"width": 20,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "142",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 71,
"width": 212,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "berkualitas manakala penggunanya merasakan sebuah kepuasan. Begitu juga dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan. Mutu atau kualitas pendidikan akan dirasakan oleh masyarakat manakala kepuasan telah menjadi persepsi masyarakat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 158,
"width": 212,
"height": 148,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kita sering menyaksikan beberapa Negara sebagai rujukan dalam hal pengembangan mutu pendidikan. Salah Negara yang patut kita jadikan sebagai Negara yang memiliki komtimen mutu adalah Jepang. Budaya disiplin, menghargai waktu dan kompetensi menjadi tontonan yang sekaligus menjadi tuntutan dari berbagai Negara. Di media social, melalui youtube banyak kita saksikan orang Jepang menundukkan kepala dan badannya di tengah jalan sebagai isyarat memberikan kehormatan dan ucapan terima kasih kepada orang lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 319,
"width": 212,
"height": 160,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk itu di Jepang dikenal dengan istilah Kaizen sebagai budaya mutu. Secara etimologi kaizen berasal dari kai yang berarti perubahan, dan zen berarti baik. Perubahan menuju kebaikan adalah komitmen bersama yang telah membudaya di Jepang. Falsafah kaizen mendorong semua orang untuk bekerja dengan cara yang baik, bergaul di tengah kehidupan social dengan baik, rumah tangga yang ideal, dan lain sebagainya, itu semua harus terus disempurnakan setiap saat. Sehingga secara berkesinambungan cara kerja yang baik selalau mengikuti dinamika perkembangan. 14",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 492,
"width": 212,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam konteks mutu pendidikan, sebagaimana dijelaskan di atas harus menjadi komitmen umat Islam yang sedang menyelenggarakan pendidikan. Stigma buruk sebagian masyarakat terhadap pendidikan yang dikelola umat Islam semakin hari semakin menghilang. Hilangnya stigma buruk karena pendidikan Islam telah dikelola dengan komitmen mutu yang tinggi, bahkan menjalar sebagai budaya kerja. Ada rasa malu dikalangan pengelola pendidikan Islam, apa pun bentuknya, manakala tidak memperhatikan mutu. Kepuasan pengguna jasa layanan pendidikan menjadi motivasi sekaliugus niat kolektif. Bukan sekedar keinginan, tetapi kebutuhan akan mutu pendidikan Islam menjadi keharusan yang tak terelakkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 751,
"width": 211,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "14 Muhammad Fathurrohman dan Sulistyorini, Implementasi Manajemen Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan Islam , 49.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 71,
"width": 164,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kebijakan Mutu Pendidikan:",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 71,
"width": 212,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Upaya Mendorong Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 96,
"width": 44,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bermutu",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 121,
"width": 212,
"height": 172,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sejak reformasi bergulir, salah satunya melahrikan Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional sebagai pembaruan dalam sistem penyelenggaraan pendidikan. Tidak ada lagi, alias dihapusnya diskriminasi satuan pendidikan yang diselenggarakan pemerintah maupun masyarakat. Begitu pula dengan pendidikan keagamaan dan pendidikan umum, reformasi telah membuka pintu seluas-luasnya bagi pemenuhan hak asasi manusia melalui jalur pendidikan. 15 Aksesibilitas penyelenggaraan pendidikan sudah terbuka lebar bagi siapa pun untuk ikut berpartisipasi dalam rangka mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 306,
"width": 212,
"height": 210,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kebijakan strategis tersebut menuntut para penyelenggara pendidikan dan masyarakat pendidikan untuk berusaha keras dalam proses pengembangan pendidikannya. Perkembangan zaman, dengan rekayasa teknologi informasi yang serba digital mengharuskan adanya inovasi dan kreasi. Bila masa lalu ada idiom yang besar akan mengalahkan yang kecil, hari ini sudah berubah, yang cepat akan mengalahkan yang lambat. Kerja keras kita bukan jalan di tempat, tapi harus benar- benar berjalan seiring dengan perkembangan dan kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Dibutuhkan kemauan berubah dan mengembangkan penyelenggaraan pendidikan yang ada. Untuk itulah, kita membutuhkan proses pengembangan pendidikan yang benar-benar bermutu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 529,
"width": 212,
"height": 198,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mengapa kita harus mengembangkan pendidikan agar menjadi bermutu? Pertanyaan singkat yang menggelitik di telinga kita, seakan kita ditantang dengan berbagai sikap mutu atau kualitas. Itu dilakukan agar secara berkelanjutan menjadikan mutu sebagai motto penyelenggaraan dan pengelolaan pendidikan. Pertanyaan tersebut juga mengandung makna, bahwa mutu pendidikan merupakan sarana sekaligus tujuan pendidikan. Sebagai sarana, karena mutu pendidikan berbanding lurus dengan tujuan pendidikan nasional maupun tujuan sekolah dan atau tujuan pembelajaran. Tujuan pendidikan akan terwujud jika para pengelola dan penyelenggara pendidikan, dan seluruh komponen pendidikan menjadikan mutu sebagai",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 751,
"width": 196,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "15 Baca penjelasan umum UU RI Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 37,
"width": 232,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "143 Mental Perubahan Menuju Mutu Pendidikan Islam",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 72,
"width": 212,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "budaya. Tanpa ada paksaan dan perintah yang bersumber dari berbagai aturan, mutu berjalan secara alamiah dalam lingkungan penyelenggaraan pendidikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 134,
"width": 212,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Budaya mutu dalam pendidikan bukan hanya menjadi tanggungjawab para pengelola pendidikan di sekolah maupun kampus. Berhasil tidaknya pendidikan akan tercermin dari upaya sungguh-sungguh yang dilakukan oleh keluarga, masyarakat, dan sekolah. Secara berantai, ketiga pilar utama tanggungjawab pendidikan berjalan saling melengkapi. 16 Perangkat atau instrumen kebijakan terhadap pilar pendidikan tersebut sudah banyak dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 270,
"width": 212,
"height": 173,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peran serta masyarakat dalam pendidikan, sebagaimana disebutkan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional pasal 54 ayat (2), yakni masyarakat dapat berperan serta sebagai sumber, pelaksana, dan pengguna hasil pendidikan. Selanjutnya, disebutkan dalam pasal 56 ayat (1) , yaitu masyarakat berperan dalam peningkatan mutu pelayanan pendidikan yang meliputi perencanaan, pengawasan, dan evaluasi program pendidikan melalui dewan pendidikan dan komite sekolah. Semakin jelas, bahwa masyarakat begitu strategi dalam peningkatan pelayanan mutu pendidikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 455,
"width": 212,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk mencapai tujuan mutu pendidikan, perencanaan menjadi faktor yang ikut menentukan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 480,
"width": 212,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "keberhasilan. Tanpa ada perencanaan yang matang, rasanya sulit sebuah tujuan akan tercapai, bahkan bisa nihil dalam pencapaian tujuan. Untuk itu, prosesnye dimulai dari bagaimana melakukan perencanaan. Begitu pun sebaliknya, menentukan tujuan juga menjadi hal penting dalam menyusun sebuah perencanaan, karena di dalam perencanaan tercantum kemana tujuan hendak berlabuh.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 751,
"width": 189,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "16 Suparlan Suhartono, Wawasan Pendidikan (Jogjakarta:",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 761,
"width": 114,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arruzz Media Group, 2008), 51.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 45,
"width": 196,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mental Perubahan Menuju Mutu Pendidikan Islam",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 502,
"top": 36,
"width": 20,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "144",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 71,
"width": 212,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebagai sebuah ilustrasi, manusia membutuhkan makanan bukan hanya sekedar untuk menutupi rasa lapar. Ia membutuhkan makanan karena harus tampil prima dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Bila makanan tidak cukup, dan kesehatan berkurang akibat tidak memperhatikan makanan, maka ia akan “tertinggal” dalam proses interaksi sosial. Semakin tinggi tujuan yang hendak diraih, semaik abstrak tujuan itu sendiri. 17",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 207,
"width": 212,
"height": 173,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Semua upaya yang dilakukan dalam proses tujuan mutu pendidikan sesungguhnya beriringan dengan harapan tercapaianya tujuan nasional. Disebutkan dalam pasal 3 UU Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional, bahwa tujuan pendidikan nasional adalah berkembangnya potensi peserta didik agar menjadi manusia yang berahlak mulia, sehat, berilmu, cakap, kreatif, mandiri, dan menjadi warga Negara yang demokratis serta bertanggungjawab. Sebagai langkah kongritnya, system pendidikan nasional juga mengharuskan adanya lembaga penjaminan mutu di setiap satuan pendidikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 393,
"width": 212,
"height": 173,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lembaga ini, sebagaimana disebutkan dalam pasal 1 angka 24 Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 19 Tahun 205 tentang Standar Nasional Pendidikan(SNP) memiliki tugas membantu Pemerintah Daerah dalam bentuk supervisi, bimbingan, arahan, saran, dan bantuan teknis kepada satuan pendidikan dasar dan menengah serta pendidikan nonformal, dalam berbagai upaya penjaminan mutu satuan pendidikan untuk mencapai standar nasional pendidikan. Perintah penjaminan mutu dalam setiap satuan pendidikan merupakan keharusan dan kewajiban agar dapat mencapai, bahkan melebihi standar nasional pendidikan yang sudah ditetapkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 578,
"width": 212,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Problemnya, apakah setiap satuan pendidikan, baik yang diselenggarakan pemerintah maupun masyarakat, siap memenuhi apa yang menjadi kewajiban proses penjaminan mutu? Kita tahu, bahwa SNP yang ditetapkan oleh Pemerintah melalui peraturan perundang- undangan yang ada adalah dalam rangka memenuhi standar minimal untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan secara nasional.Di beberapa Daerah (maksudnya Daera Kabupaten/Kota), SNP sangat sulit dipenuhi, terutama pendidikan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 731,
"width": 211,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "17 Barnawi dan M. Arifin, Sistem Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan: Teori dan Praktik, 83.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 751,
"width": 211,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "18 Sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Permendiknas RI Nomor 23 Tahun 2013 tentang Perubahan atas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 71,
"width": 212,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "yang diselenggarakan oleh masyarakat yang tidak didukung perangkat yang memadai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 108,
"width": 212,
"height": 247,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam kesempatan penulis berdiskusi dengan Kepala Dinas dan Kebudayan Kabupaten Situbondo, Dr. Fathorahman, disampaikan bahwa realita penyelenggaraan pendidikan banyak yang belum mampu memenuhi standara minimal yang ditentukan oleh pemerintah. Apalagi jika merujuk pada Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Nomor 15 Tahun 2010 tentang Standar Pelayanan Minimal Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah, 18 kita akan banyak menerapkan kebijakan dengan kebijaksanaan, alias ada kelonggaran dalam implementasi. Sehingga, saya (menurut Fathorahman), harus arif dalam melihat kearifan local yang berkembang. Namun, harus ada komitmen bersama agar ke depan satuan pendidikan yang belum memenuhi standar pelayanan minimal harus berupaya sungguh- sungguh. Jika tidak, maka jangan salahkan Pemerintah Kabupaten melakukan penghentian ijin operasional.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 368,
"width": 212,
"height": 222,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Apa yang dilakukan Pemerintah dengan kebijakan mutu pendidikannya, sesungguhnya untuk memenuhi apa yang menjadi cita-cita bersama, yaitu terwujudnya tujuan pendidikan nasional. Pendidikan Islam, dalam hal ini pondok pesantren harus siap secara mandiri melakukan usaha penjaminan mutu. Sebagai pendidikan indigenos, yang keberlangsungannya cukup lama, jauh sebelum Indonesia memiliki sistem pendidikan, pesantren sudah berjalan dalam kemandirian. Dan, sebagai konsekuensi bagian dari sistem pendidikan nasional, yang disebutnya sebagai pendidikan keagamaan, 19 pesantren harus istikomah mempertahankan kemandiriannya. Namun demikian, segala implikasi percepatan kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, pesantren harus adaptif, sehingga keberadaannya tetap menjadi alternatif utama bagi masyarakat.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 603,
"width": 212,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Manajemen Perubahan sebagai Strategi Mutu Pendidikan Islam",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 640,
"width": 212,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mengoperasikan mutu pendidikan dibutuhkan seperangkat persiapan, agar persoalan mutu bukan hanya sekedar moto. Langkah kongritnya adalah kesiapan untuk melakukan perubahan secara “revolusioner” dengan menerapkan manajemen penyelenggaraan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 731,
"width": 211,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Permendiknas RI Nomor 15 Tahun 2015 tentang Standar Pelayanan Minimal Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 751,
"width": 209,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "19 Lihat pasal 30 ayat (4) UU Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 37,
"width": 232,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "145 Mental Perubahan Menuju Mutu Pendidikan Islam",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 72,
"width": 212,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pendidikan yang baik dan benar. Sebagaimana penulis jelaskan di awal tulisan ini, bahwa mental perubahan menjadi modal spirit penting dalam menunjukkan kosnistensi terhadap angin perubahan yang begitu kencang. Jangan terlalu romantis dengan masa keemasan masa lalu, namun romantisme masa lalu menjadi pemicu untuk mempertahankan keemasan pada masanya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 183,
"width": 212,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kita kadang sering hanyut dalam romantisme sejarah sehingga memunculkan sikap apatis terhadap segala perubahan. Tidak perlu dipungkiri, bahwa terbentuknya sejarah kehidupan sosial setiap fase, selalu terjadi karena ada proses social sebelumnya. Apa yang diwariskan kepada kita, substansi dan isinya, melalui proses sejarah merupakan warisan sosial. Apa pun yang terjadi dalam masyarakat kini perlu menjadi cermin akumulasi keseluruhan produk dari sejarah awal kehidupan manusia. 20",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 332,
"width": 212,
"height": 148,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menatap masa depan dengan melihat ke belakang agar kita tidak kehilangan jati diri, apalagi menyangkut keberlangsungan pendidikan Islam. Dalam kontek masa Yunani Kuno, pendidikan diselenggarakan untuk menampung gagasan dan pemikiran para filsuf. 21 Sehingga hampir setiap pembahasan filsafat, semua ilmuwan selalu merujuk pada gagasan yang sudah terbangun pada masa Yunani Kuno. Begitu pun dengan proses pendidikan Islam, rujukannya selalu mengaitkan pada masa Rasulullah SAW maupun masa-masa kekhalifahan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 492,
"width": 212,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setiap fase, atau periodesasi sejarah kehidupan sosial, perubahan selalu menjadi gagasan yang menyertainya. Siapa yang tidak mau dengan perubahan, sama saja dengan melawan sunah Allah. Memang, setiap masa atau fase selalu berjalan dalam koridor kejayaan dan kemunduran. Jika mengalami kegagalan, maka ada masa depan yang akan menentukan keberhasilan. Sebagaimana firman Allah, yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 604,
"width": 212,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ُ لاَُسَمُ دَقَ فُ ح رَ قُ م ك سَس َيَُ نِّإ ُُِّساَنلاَُ يَبُاَ لَِّواَد نُ مَيََ لْاَُك لِّتَوُ ه ل ثِّمُ ح رَ قَُم وَق ُُ:نارمعُلآ[َُيِّمِّلاَظلاُُّبِّ يَُ َلُ َللّاَوَُءاَدَه شُ م ك نِّمَُذِّخَتَ يَوُاو نَمآَُنيِّذَلاُ َللّاَُمَل عَ يِّلَو",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 637,
"width": 212,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "140 ُ] Artinya: “ Jika kamu (pada perang Uhud) mendapat luka, maka sesungguhnya kaum (kafir) itupun (pada perang Badar) mendapat luka yang serupa. Dan masa (kejayaan dan kehancuran) itu Kami pergilirkan diantara",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 741,
"width": 211,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "20 Piotr Sztompka, Sosiologi Perubahan Sosial (Jakarta: Prenada Media Group, cet. Keenam, 2011), 69.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 761,
"width": 178,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "21 Abuddin Nata, Kapita Selekta Pendidikan Islam , 21.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 72,
"width": 169,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "manusia (agar mereka mendapat pelajaran); dan supaya Allah membedakan orang-orang yang beriman (dengan orang-orang kafir) supaya sebagian kamu dijadikan-Nya (gugur sebagai) syuhada'. Dan Allah tidak menyukai orang-orang yang zalim. ” (QS. Ali ‘Imran: 140)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 171,
"width": 212,
"height": 173,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kita meyakini, bahwa Allah yang akan mengatur silih bergantinya kejayaan dan kemunduran, sebagaimana kisah perang uhud dan perang badar. Namun, harapan untuk memperoleh kejayaan bukan dilakukan dengan cara meditasi, berkontemplasi dalam sebuah “penyendirian” tanpa melihat fenomena yang terjadi pada masa yang sedang berlangsung (masa kini dan masa yang akan datang). Kita akan meninggalkan dosa warisan mana kala mewariskan tradisi kehidupan yang tidak baik bagi generasi penerusnya. Diperlukan terobosan dengan manajemen perubahan yang strategis, atau strategi dalam mengelola perubahan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 356,
"width": 212,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pesantren, dengan sistem ‘kerajaannya’, bukan tidak mungkin melalukan percepatan perubahan melalui manajemen yang baik. Peran kiai, sebagai sentral kekuasaan memegang peran yang sangat menentukan dalam menangkap gejolak percepatan perkembangan zaman. Sama seperti lembaga pendidikan pada umumnya, pesantren sebagai institusi pendidikan juga tidak akan bisa mengelak dari arus perubahan. Ini membutuhkan kerja keras, kreatif, inovatif, dan progressif dari kiai sebagai figur sentral. 22",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 505,
"width": 212,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Seiring dinamika yang berkembang saat ini, berbagai perubahan kebijakan yang dibentuk oleh Pemerintah dalam proses penyelenggaraan pendidikan, juga menuntut pesantren, secara kelembagaan melakukan adaptasi. Pemerintah sudah tidak lagi membedakan mana pendidikan yang diselenggarakan pemerintah, dan mana yang diselenggarakan oleh masyarakat. Semua punya peran sama dalam konstribusi bagi pencapaian proses mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa. Dalam manajemen biasa dikenal dengan proses perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengawasan, evaluasi, dan pertanggungjawaban. Agar tidak sekedar melakukan perencanaan, maka diperlukan sistem perencanaan yang baik melalui pedoman yang benar dan diikuti secara konsisten.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 741,
"width": 187,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "22 Nur Efendi, Manajemen Perubahan di Pondok Pesantren (Yogyakarta: Teras, 2014), 167.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 45,
"width": 196,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mental Perubahan Menuju Mutu Pendidikan Islam",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 502,
"top": 36,
"width": 20,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "146",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 71,
"width": 212,
"height": 185,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perlunya menghadirkan manajemen, karena manajemen, sebagaimana yang sering kita kenal memiliki fungsi sebagai planning, organizing, actuating, dan controlling. Keempat fungsi manajemen tersebut merupaka satu kesatuan sistem yang satu sama lain saling berkaitan. Mengapa merencanakan saja butuh sistem? Salah dalam menyusun dan membentuk perencanaan bisa berakibat pada pelaksanaan yang salah juga. Sebelum menyusun rencana, langkah awal yang harus dilakukan oleh pengelola pendidikan Islam adalah niat, motivasi pertama yang menginspirasi langkah-langkah selanjutnya. Sebagaimana hadits Nabi SAW yang sangat familier di telinga kita, yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 256,
"width": 121,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ُِّإََُنّا ُ اَُلْ ُ عَُم ُ لا ُِّبِ ُِّ نلَُي ُِّتا َُوُِّإََُنّ ا ُِّل ُ ك ُ ل ُ اُ ِّرم ُ ئ َُما َُ نَُو ُى",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 273,
"width": 211,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Artinya: “Se sungguhnya setiap amalan tergantung pada niatnya, setiap orang akan mendapatkan apa yang ia niatkan. ”",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 323,
"width": 212,
"height": 148,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setelah niat sudah benar, sebagaimana fungsi manajemen yang pertama adalah melakukan perencanaan. Dalam proses perencanaan ( planning ) sangat ditekankan melihat masa depan panjang, di mana aka nada suasana yang berbeda dari masa yang sedang kita jalani. Untuk itu, selain niat menjadi anjuran dan motivasi dalam setiap langkah, erientasi masa depan juga memerlukan konsistensi. Dalam konteks melihat masa akan dating yang panjang, Allah telah menggariskan dalam Alqur’an surat al- Hasyr, ayat 18, sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 471,
"width": 215,
"height": 119,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ُاَهُّ يَأ َيَ ُُ َُنيِّذَلا ُُ ُاو نَمآ ُُ ُاو قَ تا ُُ ََُللّا ُُ ُ ر ظ نَ ت لَو ُُ ُ س فَ ن ُُ ُاَم ُُ ُ تَمَدَق ُُ ُ دَغِّل ُُ ُاو قَ تاَو ُُ ََُللّا ُُ َُنِّإ ُُ ََُللّا ُُ ُ يِّبَخ ُُ ُاَِّبِ ُُ َُنو لَم عَ ت ُُُ[ ُرشلْا ُُ: 18 ُ] Artinya: “ Hai orang-orang yang beriman, bertakwalah kepada Allah dan hendaklah setiap diri memperhatikan apa yang telah diperbuatnya untuk hari esok (akhirat); dan bertakwalah kepada Allah, sesungguhnya Allah Maha Mengetahui apa yang kamu kerjakan. ” (QS. Al-Hasyr: 18)",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 603,
"width": 212,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hari esok adalah masa yang akan kita lewati, untuk itu harus benar-benar diperhatikan. Kesuksesan perjalanan masa yang akan kita lewati, sangat mungkin tergantung dari persiapan hari ini. Maka perencanaan menjadi pintu masuk untuk melangkah masa yang akan datang, sekalipun apa yang kita rencanakan kadang tidak berbanding lurus dengan kenyataan empiris. Orang yang beriman dan bertakwa pasti akan mengembalikan pada kalimat, kita yang merencanakan, Tuhan lah yang menentukan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 71,
"width": 212,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam konteks lembaga pendidikan Islam, perencanaan sangat memegang peran penting dalam proses penyelenggaraan dan pengelolaan. Lembaga pendidikan umum, terutama yang diselenggarakan oleh kalangan non muslim bermutu dan minati banyak kalangan kelas ekonomi atas karena direncanakan dengan matang. Mereka benar-benar mempersiapkan sedari awal terhadap kebutuhan penyelenggaraan pendidikan dengan tuntutan perkembangan zaman. Biaya mahal tidak menjadi persoalan jika mutu keluarannya menjanjikan bagi masa depan anak-anaknya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 244,
"width": 212,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Merencanakan bukan hanya soal waktu, jangka pendek, menengah dan panjang, sebagaimana berlaku juga dalam proses perencanaan pembangunan yang dilakukan oleh Negara. Islam mengajarkan perencanaan justru tidak tergantung dengan waktu, yaitu perencanaan untuk tujuan waktu yang abadi, kehidupan akhirat yang kekal. Kehidupan akhirat harus diniatkan dan diusahakan secara sungguh-sungguh dengan berbagai amal saleh, kebaikan kepada sesame dan lingkungan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 393,
"width": 212,
"height": 148,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Begitu pentingnya masa abadi tersebut, umat Islam di dunia harus menjalaninya secara benar dan baik. Agar kehidupan abadi berkualitas atau bermutu, maka proses kehidupan dunia harus dijalaninya dengan kebenaran normatif dan substantif. Ada norma kehidupan yang harus dilaksanakan, sebagaimana perintah yang diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Berjalan beriringan dengan norma, ada nilai-nilai kehidupan, termasuk dalam proses penyelenggaraan pendidikan, yaitu substansi penyelenggaraan pendidikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 554,
"width": 212,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengorganisasian dalam pelaksanaan fungsi manajemen memiliki peran setelah perencanaan dinyatakan selesai. Dan begitu seterusnya pada tahap pelaksanaan ( actuating ) juga lebih urgen lagi. Proses pengorganisasian dan pelaksanaan bergantung pada distribusi sumber daya manusia dan sumber lainnya. Bekerjalah sesuai dengan kemampuan dan tugas yang telah diberikan, agar tidak terjadi tumpang tindih dalam proses pelaksanaan. Kita tidak boleh sekedar menyusun rencana tetapi tidak mampu melaksanakan. Tipe manusia yang hanya berencana tetapi tidak mengaplikasikan rencana tersebut, dianggap hanya sekedar berbicara tanpa fakta. Allah sangat tidak menyukai, bahkan membenci manusia yang hanya berbicara tanpa",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 37,
"width": 232,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "147 Mental Perubahan Menuju Mutu Pendidikan Islam",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 72,
"width": 211,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "fakta, sebagaimana ditegaskan dalam Alqur’an , yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 130,
"top": 96,
"width": 150,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ُ:فصلا[َُنو لَع فَ تُ َلُاَمُاو لو قَ تُ نَأَُِّللّاَُد نِّعُاًت قَمَُ بَُك 3 ُ]",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 113,
"width": 211,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Artinya: “ Amat besar kebencian di sisi Allah bahwa kamu mengatakan apa-apa yang tidak kamu kerjakan. ” (QS. Al-Shaff: 3)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 162,
"width": 212,
"height": 198,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jika nilai-nilaia ajaran Islam yang kita anut memerintahkan betapa pentingnya perencanaan, pengorganisasian, dan pelaksanaan kegiatan, tidak seharusnya penyelenggaraan pendidikan dilakukan apa adanya. Semua harus berbenah menuju perubahan yang dikelola dengan baik dan benar. Andai saja pesantren sebagai lembaga pendidikan Islam dikelola dengan manajemen modern yang didukung dengan tenaga professional dan skill yang memadai, nampaknya akan menjadi pilihan utama bagi kalangan menengah atas. Akan berkembang pesat menyaingi lembaga pendidikan umum lainnya. Kita patut berbangga hati karena sudah banyak pesantren yang menerapkan manajemen berbasis professional dan skill yang terintegrasi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 373,
"width": 212,
"height": 173,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebagai profesi, manajemen dalam pelaksanaannya dibutuhkan suatu keahlian khusus yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang yang memimpin sebuah unit organisasi. Kerja professional akan melahirkan produk yang berkualitas dan bermutu. Untuk kebutuhan professional tersebut, seorang yang akan mengelola unit organisasi harus meningkatkan keahliannya melalui pendidikan atau pelatihan. 23 Perlu terus melakukan upaya dengan etos kerja professional. Tunjukkan kepada dunia, bahwa lembaga pendidikan Islam juga mampu bersaing secara benar dan sehat dengan lembaga pendidikan pada umumnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 558,
"width": 58,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENUTUP",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 583,
"width": 212,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menjadikan lembaga pendidikan Islam bermutu bukanlah pekerjaan mudah dan murah. Mutu pendidikan Islam menjadi pertaruhan bagi kelanjutan generasi yang akan datang. Masyarakat akan mengatakan pendidikan bermutu, jika bisa dilihat dari keluarannya yang menjanjikan. Sekalipun membutuhkan biaya yang tidak murah, namun jangan berkecil hati dengan persiapan yang belum memadai. Karena tidak selamanya biaya mahal menjadikan mutu pendidikan berhasil. Kesungguhan dan kerja keras dalam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 741,
"width": 211,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "23 Prim Masrokan Mutohar, Manajemen Mutu Sekolah: Strategi Peningkatan Mutu dan Daya Saing Lembaga Pendidikan Islam (Yogyakarta: Arruzz Media, 2013), 33.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 72,
"width": 212,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mengelola pendidikan justru yang akan mengantarkan pendidikan bermutu. Untuk itu, penulis menyimpulkan apa yang telah dipaparkan di atas, yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 121,
"width": 212,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Membuat pendidikan bermutu membutuhkan para pengelola dan penyelenggara bermental perubahan dan mengembangkan budaya mutu di lingkungan penididikannya.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 183,
"width": 212,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Kebijakan mutu pendidikan yang dibentuk oleh pemerintah jangan menjadi beban bagi penyelenggaraan pendidikan. Perlu kesungguhan dalam mengikuti pola dan system pendidikan yang dibangun oleh pemerintah. Ada standar nasional pendidikan sebagai acuan pemenuhan batas minimal dalam pelayanan pendidikan. Jika lembaga pendidikan Islam tidak memiliki kesiapan mengadopsi dan mengikuti regulasi yang ada, ada kekhawatiran anggapan pemerintah mempersulit dan menghalangi peran serta masyarakat.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 344,
"width": 214,
"height": 173,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Mental perubahan, budaya mutu, dan keikutsertaannya dalam pelaksanaan sistem pendidikan yang dibangun oleh pemerintah harus dibarengi dengan manajemen yang baik dan benar. Nilai-nilai ajaran Islam bukan saja teks yang berbunyi secara verbal dalam konteks manajemen. Ajaran kita harus membumi dan kontekstual dalam proses empiris penyelenggaraan pendidikan Islam. Sehingga perubahan yang begitu cepat dalam perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi bukan menjadi momok yang menakutkan, tetapi anugerah yang harus disyukuri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 542,
"width": 101,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 560,
"width": 212,
"height": 87,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aziz, Husein. “Kebijakan SMK Mini Jawa Timur di lIngkungan Pondok Pesantren: Analisis Perda Jawa Timur Nomor 9 tahun 2014 tentang Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan (Kuliah Penulisan Disertasi Univiesitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel- Surabaya).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 653,
"width": 212,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Barnawi dan M. Arifin. Sistem Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan: Teori dan Praktik. Yogyakarta: Arruzz Media, 2017.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 696,
"width": 186,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Efendi, Nur. Manajemen Perubahan di Pondok Pesantren. Yogyakarta: Teras, 2014.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 45,
"width": 196,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mental Perubahan Menuju Mutu Pendidikan Islam",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 502,
"top": 36,
"width": 20,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "148",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 71,
"width": 212,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fathurrohman, Muhammad dan Sulistyorini. Implementasi Manajemen Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan Islam. Yogyakarta: Teras, 2012.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 114,
"width": 212,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurdi, Syarifuddin. Sosiologi Islam dan Masyarakat Modern: Teori, Fakta, dan Aksi Sosial. Jakarta: Kecana, 2010.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 157,
"width": 212,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Munawir, Ahmad Warson dan Muhammad Fairuz. Al Munawwir: Kamus Indonesia – Arab. Surabaya: Pustaka Progressif, 2007.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 200,
"width": 212,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mutohar, Prim Masrokan. Manajemen Mutu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 213,
"width": 176,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sekolah: Strategi Peningkatan Mutu dan Daya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 225,
"width": 176,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Saing Lembaga Pendidikan Islam.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 238,
"width": 142,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yogyakarta: Arruzz Media, 2013.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 256,
"width": 212,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nata, Abuddin. Kapita Selekta Pendidikan Islam: Isu- isu Kontemporer tentang Pendidikan Islam. Jakarta: Rajagrafindo Persada, 2016.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 299,
"width": 212,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Permendiknas RI Nomor 23 Tahun 2013 tentang Perubahan Permendiknas RI Nomor 15 Tahun 2015 tentang Standar Pelayanan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 336,
"width": 175,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Minimal Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 367,
"width": 212,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Soyomukti, Nurani. Teori-Teori Pendidikan: dari Tradisional, (neo) Liberal, Marxis-Sosialis, hingga Postmodern. Yogyakarta: Arruzz Media, 2015.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 422,
"width": 204,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suhartono, Suparlan. Wawasan Pendidikan. Jogjakarta: Arruzz Media Group, 2008.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 453,
"width": 212,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sztompka, Piotr. Sosiologi Perubahan Sosial. Cet. VI. Jakarta: Prenada Media Group, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 484,
"width": 194,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tilaar, H.A.R. Perubahan Sosial dan Pendidikan. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2012.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 515,
"width": 212,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tim Penyusunan Kamus Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 552,
"width": 26,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1996.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 570,
"width": 199,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "UU RI Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
6e192f27-69be-900b-c6cb-4a0d59e99081 | https://publikasi.mercubuana.ac.id/index.php/jitkom/article/download/5191/2364 | [
{
"left": 71,
"top": 19,
"width": 115,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Teknik dan Komputer Vol. 2 No. 1 Januari 2018 ISSN 2548-740X E-ISSN 2621-1491",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 788,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "74",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 90,
"width": 455,
"height": 87,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "EVALUASI PENERAPAN SISTEM MANAJEMEN KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA UNTUK MENCAPAI ZERO ACCIDENT PADA PROYEK THE PAKUBUWONO SPRING,",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 200,
"top": 182,
"width": 201,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JAKARTA SELATAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 181,
"top": 227,
"width": 233,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Retna Kristiana 1 , Afri Mahardian Praptama 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 240,
"width": 404,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1 Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Teknik dan Perencanaan Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 192,
"top": 254,
"width": 214,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jl. Raya Meruya Selatan, Kembangan, Jakarta 11650",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 223,
"top": 265,
"width": 149,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Email : [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 225,
"top": 275,
"width": 149,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2 PT. Total Bangun Persada Jl. Letjen S. Parman No 106, Jakarta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 262,
"top": 340,
"width": 74,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 379,
"width": 456,
"height": 148,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pekerjaan konstruksi merupakan kegiatan yang cukup banyak menggunakan berbagai peralatan, baik canggih maupun manual. Perlatan ini dilaksanakan di lahan yang terbatas luasnya dalam berbagai jenis kegiatan sehingga menyebabkan resiko tinggi terhadap kecelakaan. Untuk mengetasi hal tersebut, maka dilakukan pendekatan sistem yaitu penerapan Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (SMK3). Karena pada prinsipnya kecelakaan kerja akibat perbuatan manusia bisa dicegah dengan pengawasan dan kualifikasi SMK3 yang diperketat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui aspek-aspek yang mempengaruhi penerapan SMK3, untuk mengetahui aspek apakah yang paling dominan mempengaruhi keberhasilan penerapan SMK3 dan untuk mengetahui evaluasi tentang SMK3 yan dilakukan oleh kontaktor agar tercapai zero accident pada proyek The Pakubuwono Spring. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode wawancara dan kuesioner, dan diolah menggunakan SPSS23 untuk uji validasi, reliabilitas, dan regresi linier.Didapatkan aspek-aspek K3 yang mempengaruhi pencapaian zero accident yaitu aspek kebijakan, aspek perencanaan, aspek operasi dan penerapan, aspek pemeriksaan dan perbaikan, dan aspek tinjauan manajemen, kemudian aspek K3 yang paling dominan adalah aspek kebijakan, dan aspek perencanaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 541,
"width": 234,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata Kunci: SMK3, kecelakaan, proyek, konstruksi, SPSS",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 591,
"width": 104,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 618,
"width": 237,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jasa konstruksi merupakan salah satu sektor industri yang memiliki resiko kecelakaan kerja yang cukup tinggi. Berbagai penyebab utama kecelakaan kerja pada proyek konstruksi adalah hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan karakteristik proyek yang bersifat unik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 704,
"width": 237,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tingkat kecelakaan kerja jasa konstruksi masih relatif tinggi karena proyek yang dikerjakan dalam waktu relatif lama dan nonstop dilakukan atau biasanya (pekerjaan berlangsung) selama 24 jam, sehingga",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 591,
"width": 237,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "tingkat kelelahan pekerja yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan kerawanan kecelakaan kerja. Saat ini Sistem Manajmen K3 belum sepenuhnya dilaksanakan oleh perusahaan, pekerja/buruh maupun masyarakat. Akibatnya kasus kecelakaan kerja di Indonesia masih relatif tinggi. Untuk itu para pengusaha dan tenaga kerja diharapkan mengambil inisiatif dan lebih serius dalam melakukan K3 di lingkungan kerja masing-masing. Hingga saat ini masih banyak perusahaan yang belum menyadari pentingnya penerapan K3 dan menerpakan bagian dari investasi perusahaan yang wajib direalisasikan. Penerapan K3 yang baik melindungi dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 425,
"top": 19,
"width": 118,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Teknik dan Komputer Vol. 2 No. 1 Januari 2018 ISSN 2548-740X E-ISSN 2621-1491",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 528,
"top": 775,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "75",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 88,
"width": 237,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "meningkatkan produktifitas pekerja serta daya saing perusahaan. Dengan segala keterbatasan, pemerintah mendorong perusahaan besar dan terutama skala kecil dan menengah untuk melatih K3 kepada perusahaan yang bersangkutan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 161,
"width": 115,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "RUMUSAN MASALAH",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 173,
"width": 233,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Aspek apa saja yang mempengaruhi penerapan sistem manajemen keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja pada proyek ?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 211,
"width": 233,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Aspek apa yang paling dominan mempengaruhi keberhasilan penerapan sistem manajemen keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja ?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 249,
"width": 234,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Bagaimanakah evaluasi tentang SMK3 yang dilakukan oleh kontraktor agar tercapai zero accident ?",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 296,
"width": 194,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "MAKSUD DAN TUJUAN PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 308,
"width": 233,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Untuk mengetahui aspek-aspek yang mempengaruhi penerapan sistem manajemen keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja pada proyek.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 356,
"width": 233,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Untuk mengetahui aspek yang paling dominan mempengaruhi keberhasilan penerapan sistem manajemen keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 394,
"width": 234,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Untuk mengetahui evaluasi tentang SMK3 yang dilakukan oleh kontraktor agar tercapai zero",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 419,
"width": 40,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "accident.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 440,
"width": 43,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "RUANG",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 440,
"width": 54,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "LINGKUP",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 440,
"width": 230,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DAN BATASAN MASALAH",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 465,
"width": 233,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Proyek yang menjadi penelitian adalah proyek pembangunan apartement The Pakubuwono Spring yang berlokasi di Jl. Teuku Nyak Arif No. 9, Jakarta Selatan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 516,
"width": 233,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Jenis kinerja proyek yang diteliti dalam kasus ini adalah penerapan sistem manajemen keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja, sesuai standarisasi kebijakan manajemen proyek yang dilaksanakan PT. Total Bangun Persada berdasarkan OHSAS 18001 : 2007.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 600,
"width": 237,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pekerjaan yang menjadi penelitian adalah pekerjaan finishing dimulai dari lantai ground floor sampai lantai roof .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 651,
"width": 155,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "TINJAUAN PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 678,
"width": 122,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KECELAKAAN KERJA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 690,
"width": 237,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kecelakaan kerja adalah suatu kejadian yang terjadi di luar kontrol seseorang, dan menyebabkan terjadinya luka, bahkan kematian. Industri jasa konstruksi merupakan salah satu sektor industri yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 88,
"width": 236,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "memiliki resiko kecelakaan yang cukup tinggi. (Manlian, 2012).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 123,
"width": 234,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "FAKTOR PENYEBAB KECELAKAAN KERJA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 135,
"width": 237,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut Anizar (2009) dalam (Baki Henong Sebastianus, 2013), ada 2 faktor penyebab kecelakaan yairu unsafe action dan unsafe condition.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 183,
"width": 236,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Unsafe action dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai hal antara lain:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 219,
"width": 233,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. ketidaksinambungan fisik tenaga kerja yaitu: posisi tubuh yang menyebabkan mudah lelah, cacat fisik sementara, kepekaan panca indra terhadap sesuatu.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 269,
"width": 234,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Kurang pendidikan: kurang pengalaman, salah pengertian terhadap suatu perintah, kurang terampil, salah mengartikan sehingga mengakibatkan kesalahan pemakaian alat kerja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 320,
"width": 233,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Menjalankan pekerjaan tanpa mempunyai kewenangan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 345,
"width": 233,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Menjalankan pekerjaan yang tidak sesuai dengan keahliannya",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 371,
"width": 182,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. Pemakaian APD hanya berpura-pura",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 383,
"width": 154,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6. Mengangkat beban berlebihan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 396,
"width": 104,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "7. Bekerja berlebihan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 416,
"width": 237,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Usafe condition dapat disebabkan beberapa hal antara lain:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 452,
"width": 192,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. peralatan yang sudah tidak layak pakai",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 464,
"width": 127,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. ada api ditempat bahaya",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 477,
"width": 203,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. pengamanan gedung yang kurang standar",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 490,
"width": 86,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. terpapar bising",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 502,
"width": 233,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. pencahayaan dan ventilasi yang kurang atau berlebihan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 528,
"width": 173,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6. kondisi suhu yang membahayakan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 540,
"width": 218,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "7. dalam keadaan pengamanan yang berlebihan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 553,
"width": 171,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "8. sistem peringatan yang berlebihan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 566,
"width": 203,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "9. sifat pekerjaan yang mengandung bahaya",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 587,
"width": 237,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "SISTEM MANAJEMEN KESEHATAN DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA (SMK3)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 612,
"width": 237,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah PP No. 50 Tahun 2012, pengertian sistem manajemen keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja adalah bagian dari sistem manajemen perusahaan secara keseluruhan dalam rangka pengendalian risiko yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan kerja guna terciptanya tempat kerja yang aman, efisien dan produktif. Kemudian menurut OHSAS 18001:2007 menyebutkan SMK3 adalah bagian dari suatu sistem manajemen organisasi yang digunakan untuk mengembangkan dan menerapkan kebijakan K3 dan mengelola resiko-resiko K3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 19,
"width": 115,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Teknik dan Komputer Vol. 2 No. 1 Januari 2018 ISSN 2548-740X E-ISSN 2621-1491",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 788,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "76",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 88,
"width": 47,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "TUJUAN",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 88,
"width": 237,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "SISTEM MANAJEMEN KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA (SMK3)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 125,
"width": 237,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tujuan SMK3 adalah menciptakan suatu Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja di tempat kerja dengan melibatkan unsur-unsur manajemen, tenaga kerja, kondisi, dan lingkungan kerja yang terintegrasi dalam rangka mencegah dan mengurangi kecelakaan, dan penyakit akibat kerja serta terciptanya tempat kerja yang aman, efisien, dan produktif. (Permenaker No. 5 Tahun 1996).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 237,
"width": 91,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ZERO ACCIDENT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 249,
"width": 236,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peraturan menteri tenaga kerja dan transmigrasi Republik Indonesia No. PER-01/MEN/1/2007 tentang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 275,
"width": 44,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pedoman",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 168,
"top": 275,
"width": 50,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pemberian",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 275,
"width": 237,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penghargaan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) menyebutkan bahwa zero accident adalah suatu keadaan dimana tidak terjadinya suatu kecelakaan di tempat kerja yang dapat mengakibatkan pekerja/karyawan untuk sementara tidak mampu bekerja selama kurun waktu 2x24 jam dan atau menyebabkan terhentinya proses atau rusaknya peralatan tanpa korban jiwa dimana kehilangan waktu bekerja tidak melebihi sift berikutnya pada kurun waktu tertentu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 427,
"width": 107,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "METHODOLOGI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 454,
"width": 120,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "METODE PENILITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 467,
"width": 237,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dalam suatu penelitian pada umumnya digunakan suatu metodologi penelitian yang diharapkan dapat mewakili semua hal yang diperlukan sehingga menghasilkan suatu kesimpulan yang bisa dipertanggung jawabkan. Adapun metodologi penetilian yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 588,
"width": 233,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Metode literatur Yaitu metode dengan mengumpulkan,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 613,
"width": 215,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "mengidentifikasi serta mengolah data tertulis dan metode kerja yang dapat digunakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 639,
"width": 107,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Metode wawancara",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 651,
"width": 215,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yaitu metode dengan mewawancarai sumber yang dianggap mengetahui tentang pekerjaan di lapangan yang ada hubungannya dengan judul Tugas Akhir, sehingga nantinya bisa digunakan untuk bahan pertimbangan dalam pembahasan dan menarik kesimpulan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 727,
"width": 103,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Metode kuesioner",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 88,
"width": 216,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peneliti akan memberikan kuesioner kepada para pekerja proyek dan para safety dari PT. Total Bangun Persada dan para Sub kontraktor untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang penerapan SMK3 pada proyek The Pakubuwono Spring.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 161,
"width": 89,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ANALISA DATA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 173,
"width": 237,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Setelah data diperoleh baik data sekunder dan data primer maka data akan diolah lagi, disini penulis akan menggunakan program SPSS untuk menunjang dalam analisa data. Penulis akan melakukan beberapa pengujian sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 237,
"width": 233,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Uji Validasi Uji validitas merupakan suatu langkah pengujian yang dilakukan terhadap isi (konten) dari suatu instrumen, dengan tujuan untuk mengukur ketetapan instrumen (kuesioner) yang digunakan dalam suatu penelitian. Untuk mengetahui kevalidan dari suatu instrumen yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data yang diperoleh dengan cara mengkorelasikan setiap skor variabel jawaban responden dengan total skor masing- masing variabel, kemudian hasil korelasi dibandingkan dengan nilai kritis pada taraf signifikan 0,05 dan 0,01. (Zahreza Fajar, 2014) b. Uji Reliabilitas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 414,
"width": 233,
"height": 212,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji Reliabilitas adalah data untuk mengukur suatu kuesioner yang merupakan indikator dari variabel atau konstruk. Suatu kuesioner dikatakan reliabel atau handal jika jawaban seseorang terhadap pernyataan adalah konsisten atau stabil dari waktu ke waktu. Kehandalan yang menyangkut kekonsistenan jawaban jika diujikan berulang pada sampel yang berbeda. (Zahreza Fajar, 2014) c. Uji Linier Berganda Analisis yang memiliki variabel bebas lebih dari satu disebut analisis regresi linier berganda. Teknik regresi linier berganda digunakan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh signifikan dua atau lebih variabel bebas (X1, X2, X3, ..., ..., K) terhadap variabel terikat (Y). (Margaretha, 2015).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 642,
"width": 132,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "HASIL DAN DISKUSI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 669,
"width": 237,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PENGUMPULAN DATA TAHAP I ( OLAH DATA KUESIONER DAN WAWANCARA OLEH PAKAR )",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 717,
"width": 237,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada tahapan ini, penulis melakukan penyebaran kuesioner serta wawancara atau diskusi kepada pakar. Pada tahapan ini, pakar bisa memberikan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 425,
"top": 19,
"width": 118,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Teknik dan Komputer Vol. 2 No. 1 Januari 2018 ISSN 2548-740X E-ISSN 2621-1491",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 528,
"top": 775,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "77",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 88,
"width": 237,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "tanggapan/perbaikan pada pernyataan kuesioner yang telah dibuat oleh penulis. Berikut profil ketiga pakar untuk proses penelitian ini yaitu :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 138,
"width": 171,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 1 Profil Pakar No Jabatan Pendidikan Terakhir 1 General Manager Diploma (D-3) 2 Chief Safety Sarjana (S-1)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 271,
"width": 85,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3 Site Manager",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 194,
"top": 271,
"width": 61,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sarjana (S-1)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 284,
"width": 112,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sumber : Olahan Penulis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 309,
"width": 182,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "UJI VALIDITAS DAN REABILITAS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 322,
"width": 230,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan uji Validitas, masih banyak variabel yang r hitungnya < r tabel (warna kuning), hal tersebut menunjukan variabel tersebut tidak valid dan data yang tidak valid dapat dieliminasi. Dari 53 variabel ada 7 variabel yang tidak valid. Penyebab dari ketidak validan dari variabel tersebut antara lain : Perbedaan persepsi responden dari latar belakang jabatan, pengalaman kerja dan pendidikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 446,
"width": 233,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": " Responden kurang mengerti pernyataan dalam angket kuesioner.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 482,
"width": 232,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": " Responden menjawab angket kuesioner dengan asal – asalan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 518,
"width": 232,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": " Responden malas membaca pernyataan secara utuh sehingga jawaban yang diharapkan tidak tercapai.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 570,
"width": 237,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut Sahid Raharjo dalam www.konsistensi.com, ada beberapa cara yang dapat dilakukan terhadap angket yang tidak valid :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 618,
"width": 233,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Memperbaiki pertanyaan yang tidak valid dalam angket kemudian membagikan ulang kepada responden untuk dijawab kembali. Cara ini sangat membutuhkan banyak waktu sehingga penulis tidak menggunakan cara ini",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 691,
"width": 222,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Melakukan eliminasi terhadap angket yang tidak valid. Hal ini dilakukan jika variabel yang valid masih mewakili permasalahan dalam penelitian. Penulis menggunakan cara ini karena keterbatasan waktu pembuatan Tugas",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 88,
"width": 208,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Akhir ini. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian reabilitas untuk menunjukan sejauh mana alat ukur tersebut menghasilkan pengukuran yang sama dan konsisten. Dimana, ketentuan dari pengukuran ini adalah :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 148,
"width": 208,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": " Nilai Cronbach Alpha ≤ 0,6 menunjukkan kuesioner penelitian tidak reliabel.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 174,
"width": 208,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": " Nilai Cronbach Alpha ≥ 0,6 menunjukkan kuesioner penelitian reliabel.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 203,
"width": 226,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berikut hasil pengujian reabilitas pada penelitian ini:Tabel 4.2 Hasil Pengujian Reliabilitas Prosedur SMK3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 254,
"width": 195,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha Cronbach's Alpha Based on Standardized Items N of Items ,981 ,981 46 Sumber: SPSS 23",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 361,
"width": 230,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan tabel hasil uji realibilitas prosedur SMK3 diatas yang menunjukan nilai Cronbach Alpha sebesar 0,981 > 0,6 menunjukkan kuesioner penelitian reliabel.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 424,
"width": 218,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ANALISIS REGRESI LINEAR BERGANDA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 437,
"width": 230,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analisis yang memiliki variabel bebas lebih dari satu disebut analisis regresi linier berganda. Teknik regresi linier berganda digunakan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh signifikan dua atau lebih variabel bebas (X1, X2, X3, ..., ..., K) terhadap variabel terikat (Y). (Margaretha, 2015). Persamaan regresi linear berganda sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 348,
"top": 523,
"width": 163,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Y’ = a + b1X1+ b2X2 +…..+ bnXn",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 318,
"top": 570,
"width": 57,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keterangan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 318,
"top": 581,
"width": 224,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Y’ = Variabel dependen (nilai yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 318,
"top": 596,
"width": 224,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "diprediksikan) X1 dan Xn = Variabel independen a = Konstanta (nilai Y’ apabila X1,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 318,
"top": 631,
"width": 67,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "X2…..Xn = 0)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 318,
"top": 646,
"width": 224,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b = Koefisien regresi (nilai peningkatan ataupun penurunan)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 682,
"width": 237,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Setelah melakukan beberapa langkah operasional, maka output yang dihasilkan dari frekuensi prosedur SMK3 terhadap uji ini dapat dilihat sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 19,
"width": 115,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Teknik dan Komputer Vol. 2 No. 1 Januari 2018 ISSN 2548-740X E-ISSN 2621-1491",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 788,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "78",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 88,
"width": 174,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 2 Uji Regresi Penerapan SMK3 Metode Enter",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 468,
"width": 94,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sumber : Olah Data SPSS",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 491,
"width": 237,
"height": 150,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Interpretasi terhadap nilai koefisien regresi yaitu tanda positif atau negatif dari nilai koefisien regresi bukanlah menyatakan tanda aljabar, melainkan menyatakan arah hubungan atau lebih tegasnya menyatakan pengaruh variabel bebas X terhadap variabel terikat Y. Nilai b yang positif menyatakan bahwa variabel bebas X berpengaruh positif terhadap nilai variabel terikat Y. Sedangkan nilai b yang negatif (b dengan tanda negatif) menyatakan bahwa variabel bebas X berpengaruh negatif terhadap nilai variabel terikat Y. Interpretasi terhadap nilai koefisien regresi (b), adalah sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 641,
"width": 233,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": " b = A (b bertanda positif), artinya bila nilai variabel bebas X naik/bertambah/meningkat 1 unit, maka nilai variabel Y akan naik/bertambah/meningkat sebesar A unit. Sebaliknya bila nilai variabel turun/berkurang 1 unit, maka nilai variabel Y akan turun/berkurang sebesar A unit.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 729,
"width": 237,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": " b = - A (b bertanda negatif), artinya bila nilai variabel bebas X naik/bertambah/meningkat 1 unit,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 88,
"width": 237,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "maka nilai variabel Y akan turun/berkurang sebesar A unit. Sebaliknya bila nilai variabel turun/berkurang 1 unit, maka nilai variabel Y akan naik/bertambah/meningkat sebesar A unit. ( Wayan Arya, 2010 )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 151,
"width": 237,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada kasus ini penulis memilih untuk menggunakan tabel 4.15 dengan menggunakan metode enter. Dari tabel diatas dapat ditulis persamaan regresi sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 325,
"top": 201,
"width": 217,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Persamaan Regresi : Y' = 0,411 + ,062 X2 + ,041 X3 + ,158 X5 – ,021 X10 + ,089 X11 + ,023 X12 + ,036 X13 + ,128 X14 + 031 X15 + ,017 X17 + ,939 X19 – ,083 X20 + ,012 X23 + ,063 X24 + ,332 X26 + ,311 X27 – , 003 X28 + ,428 X29 - ,737 X31 – ,142 X32 – ,970 X33 + ,258 X38 + ,518 X39 + ,116 X40 + ,024 X41 + ,523X46 + ,293 X49 + ,617 X50",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 314,
"width": 237,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ANALISIS DETERMINASI ( R 2 / R SQUARE ) Koefisien determinasi pada intinya mengukur seberapa jauh kemampuan model dalam menerangkan variasi variabel-variabel dependen. Nilai R yang kecil berarti kemampuan variabel- variabel independen dealam menjelaskan variabel dependen sangat terbatas. (Fitria, 2013). Dari hasil analisis regresi SPSS versi 23, lihat pada output model summary dan disajikan sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 442,
"width": 230,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 3 Hasil Analisis Determinasi Prosedur SMK3",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 392,
"top": 467,
"width": 60,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Model Summary b",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 325,
"top": 481,
"width": 195,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1.000 a 1.000 0.000 0.000 a. Predictors: (Constant), X50, X17, X30, X15, X26, X49, X41, X41, X40, X13, X29, X3, X12, X4, X11, X14, X2, X46, X24, X31, X20, X38, X39, X10, X28, X32, X19, X33,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 325,
"top": 540,
"width": 47,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "X23, X27, X5",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 325,
"top": 558,
"width": 134,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Dependent Variable: zero accident (Y)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 375,
"top": 568,
"width": 96,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sumber : Olah Data SPSS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 588,
"width": 237,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan tabel di atas diperoleh angka R 2 (R Square ) sebesar 0,726 atau 72,6%. Hal ini berarti total 72,6% variasi variabel dependen yang dapat dijelaskan oleh variasi variable X1, X2, X3, dst menunjukkan ketepatan yang baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 665,
"width": 236,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "UJI KOEFISIEN REGRESI SECARA BERSAMA-SAMA (UJI F)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 690,
"width": 237,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji F dikenal dengan uji serentak atau uji model/uji Anova, yaitu uji untuk melihat bagaimanakah pengaruh semua variabel bebasnya secara bersama- sama terhadap variabel terikatnya. (statistikian.com) Tahap-tahap untuk melakukan uji F adalah sebagai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 50,
"top": 128,
"width": 227,
"height": 317,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients T Sig. B Std. Error Beta (Constant) ,411 ,319 1,289 ,214 X2 ,062 ,219 ,051 ,280 ,782 X3 ,041 ,088 ,039 ,472 ,643 X4 ,037 ,123 ,034 ,305 ,764 X5 ,158 ,095 ,155 1,654 ,115 X10 -,021 ,218 -,017 -,098 ,923 X11 ,089 ,090 -,085 ,986 ,337 X12 ,023 ,106 ,024 ,222 ,827 X13 ,036 ,109 ,864 7,659 ,000 X14 ,128 ,067 ,125 1,925 ,068 X15 ,031 ,077 ,019 ,396 ,696 X17 ,017 .054 ,021 ,310 ,759 X19 ,939 ,061 ,926 15,319 ,000 X20 -,083 ,069 -,077 -1,196 ,245 X23 ,012 ,209 ,010 ,059 ,954 X24 ,063 ,135 ,047 ,464 ,647 X26 ,332 ,206 ,333 1,615 ,122 X27 ,311 ,582 ,257 ,535 ,599 X28 -,003 ,615 -,003 -.006 ,996 X29 ,428 ,281 ,383 1.522 ,144 X31 -,737 ,620 -,608 -1,187 ,249 X32 -,142 ,615 -,118 -,231 ,819 X33 -,970 ,821 -,782 -1.181 ,252 X38 ,258 ,794 ,213 ,325 ,748 X39 ,518 ,550 ,443 ,943 ,357 X40 ,116 ,522 ,099 ,222 ,827 X41 ,024 ,284 ,018 ,083 ,935 X46 ,523 ,374 ,508 1,401 ,176 X49 ,293 ,175 ,286 1,673 .106 X50 ,617 ,229 ,461 1.695",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 261,
"top": 438,
"width": 16,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": ",112",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 448,
"width": 125,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dependent Variable: zero accident (Y)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 425,
"top": 19,
"width": 118,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Teknik dan Komputer Vol. 2 No. 1 Januari 2018 ISSN 2548-740X E-ISSN 2621-1491",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 528,
"top": 775,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "79",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 88,
"width": 37,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 100,
"width": 123,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Merumuskan Hipotesis",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 113,
"width": 191,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ho : Tidak ada pengaruh secara signifikan antara X1, X2,….Xn secara bersama-sama terhadap pencapaian zero accident .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 151,
"width": 233,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ha : Ada pengaruh secara signifikan antara X1, X2,….Xn secara bersama-sama terhadap pencapaian zero accident . 2. Kriteria pengujian - Ho diterima bila F hitung < F tabel",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 214,
"width": 162,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "- Ho ditolak bila F hitung > F tabel",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 227,
"width": 236,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Setelah melakukan beberapa langkah operasional, maka output yang dihasilkan dari uji ini dapat dilihat anova sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 265,
"width": 207,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 4 Hasil Uji F Prosedur SMK3 Model Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig. Regression 28,032 11 2,548 39,264 .000 b Residual 1,168 18 ,065 Total 29,200 29",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 359,
"width": 212,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Dependent Variable: Y b. Predictors: (Constant), X50, X17, X30, X15, X26, X49, X41,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 381,
"width": 207,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "X41, X40, X13, X29, X3, X12, X4, X11, X14, X2, X46, X24, X31, X20, X38, X39, X10, X28, X32, X19, X33, X23, X27, X5",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 401,
"width": 96,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sumber : Olah Data SPSS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 422,
"width": 237,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dari tabel di atas, dapat dijelaskan sebagai berikut : Aspek 1 dengan nilai df = 11 ( Regression ) dan 18 ( Residual ), dengan tingkat signifikansi (α) 5%, maka didapat nilai F tabel sebesar 2.37. Sedangkan nilai F hitung hasil pengolahan data adalah 39,264, maka nilai Ha diterima sehingga ada pengaruh secara signifikan antara variabel bebas secara bersama-sama terhadap pencapaian zero accident",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 536,
"width": 237,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "UJI KOEFISIEN REGRESI SECARA PARSIAL ( UJI - T )",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 561,
"width": 237,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji statistik t pada dasarnya menunjukkan seberapa jauh pengaruh satu variabel bebas secara individual dalam menerangkan variasi variabel terikat. Hipotesis nol (H0) yang hendak diuji adalah apakah suatu variabel bebas bukan merupakan penjelas yang signifikan terhadap variabel terikat. Uji koefisien regresi (uji t) menguji apakah tingkat signifikansi, yang berarti berpengaruh atau tidak berpengaruh.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 675,
"width": 237,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tahap-tahap untuk melakukan uji t adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 701,
"width": 123,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Merumuskan Hipotesis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 713,
"width": 182,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ho : Secara parsial tidak ada pengaruh signifikan antara X1, X2,….Xn terhadap pencapaian zero accident .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 88,
"width": 210,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ha : Secara parsial ada pengaruh signifikan antara X1, X2,….Xn terhadap pencapaian zero accident.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 308,
"top": 125,
"width": 97,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Kriteria pengujian",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 138,
"width": 199,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "- Ho diterima jika -t tabel < t hitung < t tabel",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 151,
"width": 216,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "- Ho ditolak jika -t hitung < -t tabel atau t hitung > t tabel",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 176,
"width": 193,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "- Tabel distribusi t dicari pada α = 5% : 2 =",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 189,
"width": 73,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2,5% (uji 2 sisi)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 201,
"width": 236,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Setelah melakukan beberapa langkah operasional, maka output yang dihasilkan dari uji ini dapat dilihat sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 340,
"top": 252,
"width": 167,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 5 Hasil Uji t Penerapan SMK3",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 278,
"width": 214,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients T Sig.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 313,
"top": 300,
"width": 220,
"height": 395,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "B Std. Error Beta (Constant) ,411 ,319 1,289 ,214 X2 ,062 ,219 ,051 ,280 ,782 X3 ,041 ,088 ,039 ,472 ,643 X4 ,037 ,123 ,034 ,305 ,764 X5 ,158 ,095 ,155 1,654 ,115 X10 -,021 ,218 -,017 -,098 ,923 X11 ,089 ,090 -,085 ,986 ,337 X12 ,023 ,106 ,024 ,222 ,827 X13 ,036 ,109 ,864 7,659 ,000 X14 ,128 ,067 ,125 1,925 ,068 X15 ,031 ,077 ,019 ,396 ,696 X17 ,017 .054 ,021 ,310 ,759 X19 ,939 ,061 ,926 15,319 ,000 X20 -,083 ,069 -,077 -1,196 ,245 X23 ,012 ,209 ,010 ,059 ,954 X24 ,063 ,135 ,047 ,464 ,647 X26 ,332 ,206 ,333 1,615 ,122 X27 ,311 ,582 ,257 ,535 ,599 X28 -,003 ,615 -,003 -.006 ,996 X29 ,428 ,281 ,383 1.522 ,144 X31 -,737 ,620 -,608 -1,187 ,249 X32 -,142 ,615 -,118 -,231 ,819 X33 -,970 ,821 -,782 -1.181 ,252 X38 ,258 ,794 ,213 ,325 ,748 X39 ,518 ,550 ,443 ,943 ,357 X40 ,116 ,522 ,099 ,222 ,827 X41 ,024 ,284 ,018 ,083 ,935 X46 ,523 ,374 ,508 1,401 ,176 X49 ,293 ,175 ,286 1,673 .106 X50 ,617 ,229 ,461 1.695 ,112",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 699,
"width": 125,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dependent Variable: zero accident (Y)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 375,
"top": 719,
"width": 96,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sumber : Olah Data SPSS",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 19,
"width": 115,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Teknik dan Komputer Vol. 2 No. 1 Januari 2018 ISSN 2548-740X E-ISSN 2621-1491",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 788,
"width": 14,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "80",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 130,
"top": 88,
"width": 91,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 128,
"width": 237,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan analisa yang sudah dilakukan di bab sebelumnya, maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan tentang penerapan SMK3 pada proyek apartemen The Pakubuwono Spring, yaitu :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 188,
"width": 236,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Didapatkan aspek-aspek K3 yang berpengaruh terhadap tercapainya zero accident sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 226,
"width": 107,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Aspek kebijakan K3 b. Aspek Perencanaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 252,
"width": 146,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Aspek operasi dan penerapan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 264,
"width": 168,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Aspek pemeriksaan dan perbaikan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 277,
"width": 137,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e. Aspek tinjauan manajemen",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 290,
"width": 237,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Aspek K3 yang paling dominan mempengaruhi pencapaian penerapan SMK3 pada proyek apartemen The Pakubuwono Spring adalah: (Aspek kebijakan K3) X13 => menyediakan sumber daya yang kompeten (Aspek perencanaa) X19 => perencanaan anggaran k3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 379,
"width": 239,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Setelah didapatkan aspek K3 yang paling dominan maka pakar memberikan saran tentang penerapan Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja ( SMK3 ) untuk mencapai zero accident pada proyek Apartemen The Pakubuwono Spring adalah memilih sub kontraktor yang berpengalaman dan kompeten, melakukan pelatihan pekerjaan kepada staf dan pekerja secara rutin, memeriksa kontrak yang ada sehingga dapat mengetahui anggaran K3, dan melakukan rapat setiap bulan untuk mengkontrol pengeluaran anggaran K3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 544,
"width": 123,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 571,
"width": 236,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bobby Rocky Kani. 2013. Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Pada Pelaksanaan Proyek Konstruksi. Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Manado.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 632,
"width": 236,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dameyanti Sihombing. 2014. Implementasi Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 657,
"width": 194,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "pada Proyek di Kota Bandung. Universitas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 670,
"width": 112,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sam Ratulangi. Manado.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 692,
"width": 237,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Febyana Pangkey, Grace Y Malingkas, D.O.R. Walangitan. 2012. Penerapan Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (SMK3) pada Proyek Konstruksi di",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 347,
"top": 88,
"width": 194,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Indonesia. Universitas Samratulangi. Manado.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 123,
"width": 237,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Firda Rizki, Amalia. Analisis Tingkat Kepatuhan Personal dalam Mendukung Pencapaian Zero Accident pada Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja (K3) . Universitan Negeri Malang. Malang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 196,
"width": 237,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gerri Silaban. 2014. Kinerja Penerapan Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja, Hubungannya Dengan Angka Kekerapan Kecelakaan Kerja dan Jaminan Kecelakaan Kerja. Universitas Sumatera Utara. Medan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 282,
"width": 237,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jula Nujhani, Ika Juliantina. 2013. Evaluasi Penerapan Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (SMK3) pada Proyek Persiapan Lahan Pusri IIB PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaya Palembang. Universitas Sriwijaya. Palembang.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 368,
"width": 237,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "R Nugrahaning Bulannurdin, Sugiarto. 2012 . Analisis Pengaruh Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pekerja",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 347,
"top": 406,
"width": 195,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Konstruksi. Universitas Sebelas Maret. Solo.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 441,
"width": 236,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Saloni Waruwu, Ferida Yuamita. 2016. Analisis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 347,
"top": 454,
"width": 195,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Faktor Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja yang Signifikan Mempengaruhi Kecelakaan kerja Pada Proyek Pembangunan Apartement Student Castle. Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 540,
"width": 236,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sherly Meyklya. 2015. Evaluasi Penerapan Sistm Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (SMK3) pada Proyek Gedung. Universitas Sumatera Utara. Medan.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
b44582e5-e707-1154-b417-6be0dfd88e1d | https://yustisia.unmermadiun.ac.id/index.php/yustisia/article/download/35/43 | [
{
"left": 154,
"top": 37,
"width": 287,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "YUSTISIA MERDEKA: Jurnal Imiah Hukum; ISSN: 2407- 8778",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 168,
"top": 54,
"width": 262,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Website : http://yustisia.unmermadiun.ac.id/index.php/yustisia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 784,
"width": 256,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 5 Nomor 2 September 2019, YUSTISIA MERDEKA | 84",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 50,
"top": 83,
"width": 499,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis Transaksi Terapeutik Sebagai Sarana Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pasien",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 214,
"top": 129,
"width": 168,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Anggraeni Endah Kusumaningrum",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 148,
"width": 348,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fakultas Hukum, Untag Semarang, Jl. Pemuda No.70, Pandansari, Semarang, 50133 E-mail: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 203,
"width": 517,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract — This paper aims to know and analyze therapeutic transactions as a means of legal protection for patients. Therapeutic transactions are agreements between physicians and patients who authorize the physician to perform activities to provide health services to patients based on the skills and skills possessed by the doctor. The legal relationship in such therapeutic transactions creates rights and obligations that must be obeyed and implemented by each party. This research uses normative juridical approach method with primary data source is secondary data supported by primary data. Primary data is obtained directly through interviews and secondary data in the form of legal materials, both primary, secondary and tertiary which will be analyzed qualitatively through data collecting, data reduction, data presentation and verification of data or conclusions. The results obtained that therapeutic transactions position physicians and patients, on the same relationship with the hope of providing legal protection for the parties, but in fact the norms have not been able to provide legal protection. That happens because there is no arrangement of the implementation of the transaction therapeutic consistently.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 321,
"width": 213,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords — : therapeutic transactions; legal protection.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 252,
"top": 359,
"width": 94,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "I. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 378,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A. Latar Belakang",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 390,
"width": 517,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada awalnya hubungan dokter dan pasien didasarkan pada hubungan paternalistik 1 . Hubungan paternalistik merupakan pola hubungan yang didasarkan karena ada kepercayaan ( fiduciary relationship ) antara pasien kepada seorang dokter. Artinya pasien yang sakit tersebut pasrah dan menerima apapun yang dilakukan dokter atas tubuhnya demi kesembuhannya. Sikap pasrah ini tercermin dari sikap pasien yang menerima apapun akibat dari pengobatan tersebut, meskipun pasien menjadi cacat atau bahkan meninggal dunia, dan hal itu dianggap sebagai takdir dari Tuhan YMK. Oleh karena itu dulu jarang terdengar pasien atau keluarganya, menyalahkan atau menuntut dokter yang merawatnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 461,
"width": 518,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Seiring dengan perkembangan jaman hubungan dokter dan pasien yang berpola paternalistik berubah menjadi horizontal kontraktual . Hubungan horizontal kontraktual menyebabkan dokter dan pasien mempunyai kedudukan yang sejajar 2 yaitu bahwa dokter dan pasien sepakat, untuk saling memberi prestasi (dengan berbuat atau tidak berbuat) di bidang pelayanan kesehatan. Dokter dan pasien adalah subjek hukum yang membentuk hubungan medik maupun hubungan hukum dengan objek berupa pemeliharaan kesehatan maupun pengobatan penyakit. Hubungan ini menimbulkan hak dan kewajiban yang harus dipenuhi oleh para pihak. Adanya hak dan kewajiban yang harus dipenuhi oleh para pihak, dan konsekuensinya tentu berupa pertanggungjawaban secara hukum. Oleh karena itu antara dokter dan pasien ada hubungan hukum berupa perjanjian atau persetujuan secara spesifik dan lazim disebut transaksi terapeutik 3 . Transaksi terapeutik mencakup bidang diagnostik, preventif, rehabilitatif, maupun promotif .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 588,
"width": 518,
"height": 119,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Pola hubungan paternalistik, yaitu dokter dianggap akan berupaya semaksimal mungkin untuk menyembuhkan pasien, seperti seorang bapak yang baik yang akan berbuat apa saja untuk kepentingan anaknya. Pasien diharapkan akan bertindak sebagai anak yang patuh dan percaya bahwa dokter akan bertindak sebagai bapak yang baik. Doktrin inilah yang dulu tertanam di dalam pikiran seorang pasien. Pola hubungan vertikal yang melahirkan sifat paternalistik sang pengobat terhadap si sakit ini mengandung baik dampak positif maupun dampak negatif. Dampak positif pola vertikal yang melahirkan konsep hubungan paternalistik ini sangat membantu si sakit dalam hal si sakit awam terhadap penyakitnya. Sebaliknya dapat juga timbul dampak negatif apabila tindakan sang pengobat yang berupa langkah-langkah dalam mengupayakan penyembuhan si sakit itu merupakan tindakan- tindakan sang pengobat yang membatasi otonomi si sakit, yang menurut sejarah perkembangan budaya dan hak-hak dasar manusia telah ada sejak lahirnya. Hermien Hadijati Koeswadji, 1998, Hukum Kedokteran : studi tentang Hubungan Hukum Dalam Mana Dokter sebagai Salah Satu Pihak , Bandung PT. Citra Aditya Bakti, hlm.37. Pola hubungan demikian diidentik dengan pola hubungan vertikal dimana kedudukan dokter dengan pasien tidak sederajat, pasien menyerahkan nasib sepenuhnya kepada dokter yang merawatnya. James F. Childerss, 1989, Prioritas-prioritas dalam Etika Biomedis , Cetakan Pertama, Penerbit Kanisius, Yogyakarta, hlm.17. Apabila dianalogi ini diterapkan pada pelayanan kesehatan, dokter dipandang sebagai orang tua yang memperlakukan pasien sebagai anak kecil yang tidak diizinkan untuk menentukan kesejahteraannya sendiri ataupun cara pencapaiannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 708,
"width": 374,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 Ani Isfandyarie, 2005, Malpraktek & Resiko Medik dalam Kajian Hukum Pidana, Jakarta, Prestasi Pustaka, hlm.2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 717,
"width": 516,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3 Transaksi terapeutik adalah sebuah kesepakatan yang dilakukan dalam rangka terapi, dalam hal ini terapi yang bukan hanya menyangkut kesehatan saja melainkan juga menyangkut semua aspek kesehatan yaitu menyangkut promotif, preventif, kuratif maupun rehabilitative. Istilah transaksi terapeutik dapat ditemukan dalam Mukadimah Kode Etik Kedokteran Indonesia ( KODEKI ) yang terdapat dalam Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan RI Nomer 434/Men.Kes/X/1983 tentang berlakunya Kode Etik Kedokteran Indonesia yang mencantumkan tentang transaksi terapeutik sebagai berikut: yang diimaksud dengan transaksi terapeutik adalah hubungan hukum antara dokter dan penderita yang dilakukan dalam suasana saling percaya",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 37,
"width": 287,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "YUSTISIA MERDEKA: Jurnal Imiah Hukum; ISSN: 2407- 8778",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 168,
"top": 54,
"width": 262,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Website : http://yustisia.unmermadiun.ac.id/index.php/yustisia",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 784,
"width": 256,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 5 Nomor 2 September 2019, YUSTISIA MERDEKA | 85",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 81,
"width": 517,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Saat ini dengan meningkatnya kesadaran masyarakat akan hak-hak yang mereka miliki sebagai pasien, maka pemahaman tersebut membuat pasien tidak lagi bersikap pasif menunggu dan mengiyakan tindakan pemeriksaan dan pengobatan apapun yang diberikan dokter kepadanya, namun pasien ikut serta menentukan apa yang terbaik bagi tubuhnya, sekalipun pemahaman pasien tersebut sering kali tidak direspon oleh dokter sehingga muncul konflik dan berujung pada sengketa medik antara keduanya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 138,
"width": 516,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan pengamatan penulis ada beberapa kasus-kasus pengabaian maupun pengingkaran hak pasien yang pernah diberitakan media (baik surat kabar, majalah, maupun televisi) antara lain kasus antara:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 161,
"width": 516,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Marzuki dan Herawati, anak dan istri Hilyadi di Lampung Tengah mengadukan dokter karena mengakibatkan Hilyadi meninggal dunia setelah mendapatkan suntikan di Rumah Sakit Harapan Bunda Gunung Sugih Lampung Tengah. 4",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 184,
"width": 516,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Ratna Suminar mengadukan sebuah Rumah Sakit di Kota Cimahi Jawa Barat karena anaknya yang bernama Sepia Rizkiani 18 bulan mengalami kebutaan setelah mendapat infus di kening, padahal Ratna menolak pemasangan infus tersebut pada saat anaknya dirawat. 5",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 219,
"width": 514,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Harun, 35 tahun warga Bogor Jawa Barat mensomasi dokter dan rumah sakit karena melakukan operasi dengan tidak hati- hati dan ceroboh 6 .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 242,
"width": 516,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Keluarga almarhum Wagiman Riyanto (60 tahun), yang mengadukan Rumah Sakit Daerah dr. Sobandi Jember karena tidak mau memberi penjelasan atas meninggalnya Wagiman. 7",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 265,
"width": 516,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. FM (15 tahun) warga Banyumas mengadukan seorang dokter yang menyunatnya dengan ceroboh sehingga FM harus kehilangan alat vitalnya sepanjang 5 centimeter. 8",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 288,
"width": 516,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. Keluarga almarhum Robinson Sitorus warga Pematang Siantar Sumatera Utara, yang mengadukan seorang dokter karena salah memberikan obat diabetes meskipun sudah diingatkan bahwa pasien tidak biasa mengkonsumsinya. 9",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 311,
"width": 516,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7. Dokter diadukan karena melakukan amputasi (pemotongan) jari telunjuk seorang bayi akibat pemasangan infus yang salah dan tanpa ada persetujuan tindakan medik. 10",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 51,
"top": 334,
"width": 347,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan kasus –kasus diatas maka perumusan masalah dalam tulisan ini adalah :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 345,
"width": 516,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Bagaimanakah pengaturan hak dan kewajiban dalam transaksi terapeutik antara dokter dan pasien menurut hukum positif di Indonesia ?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 368,
"width": 516,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Faktor-faktor apasajakah yang menjadi penyebab transaksi terapeutik antara dokter dan pasien belum dapat memberikan perlindungan hukum ?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 399,
"width": 92,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B. Metode Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 413,
"width": 517,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif, yaitu penelitian hukum yang meletakkan hukum sebagai sebuah bangunan sistem norma. Sistem norma yang dimaksud adalah mengenai asas-asas, norma, kaidah dari peraturan perundang-undangan serta doktrin. Dalam penelitian ini dipergunakan metode pendekatan yuridis, dengan meneliti kaidah atau aturan hukum sebagai suatu bangunan sistem yang terkait dengan suatu peristiwa hukum. 11 Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Data Sekunder yang terdiri dari Bahan Hukum Primer, Bahan Hukum Sekunder, dan bahan Hukum Tertier yang diperoleh dari buku-buku, literatur, makalah, peraturan perundang-undangan dan sumber data lain. Pengumpulan data sekunder dilakukan menggunakan metode pendekatan literatur, yaitu suatu penelitian kepustakaan dengan menggunakan bahan-bahan pustaka hukum yang mendukung dalam penelitian ini. Pengumpulan bahan-bahan hukum dilakukan dengan cara penelusuran, pengumpulan, dan studi dokumen secara konvensional seperti membaca, melihat mendengarkan, maupun dengan teknologi informasi (media internet). Data sekunder yang berupa bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan hukum tertier yang telah dikumpulkan dan diolah akan dianalisis dengan metode normatif yang kemudian akan disajikan secara deskriptif. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini dipergunakan analisis kualitatif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 170,
"top": 564,
"width": 255,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "II. HASIL PENELITIAN DAN ANALISIS PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 582,
"width": 147,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A. Pengertian transaksi terapeutik",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 597,
"width": 517,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam kamus besar Bahasa Indonesia persetujuan diartikan juga sebagai ― transaksi”. Transaksi terapeutik adalah persetujuan yang terjadi antara dokter dan pasien dibidang pengobatan (sesuatu yang mengandung unsur atau nilai pengobatan) yang mencakup bidang diagnostik, preventif, rehabilitatif, maupun promotif . Transaksi terapeutik tersebut timbul sebagai akibat dari adanya hubungan horizontal kontraktual. Transaksi terapeutik secara yuridis diartikan sebagai hubungan hukum antara dokter dengan pasien dalam pelayanan medis secara profesional dengan didasarkan pada kompetensi yang sesuai pada keahlian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 672,
"width": 488,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "( konfidensial ) serta senantiasa diliputi oleh segala emosi, harapan dan kekhawatiran mahluk insani. Oleh karena itu bersifat menjelaskan, memerinci ataupun menegaskan berlakunya suatu kode etik untuk melindungi dokter dan pasien.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 689,
"width": 193,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4 Kompasiana, 04/10/12 . diakses pada tanggal 14 juni 2015",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 699,
"width": 258,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5 Tempo.com , 18 Agustus 2014 , jam 05.45, diakses pada tanggal 14 Juni 2015",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 708,
"width": 213,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6 Tempo.com, 30 Mei 2014, jam 14.34, diakses pada 14 Juni 2015",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 717,
"width": 231,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7 Tempo.com, 3 Desember 2013, jam 19.37, diakses pada 14 Juni 2015",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 726,
"width": 236,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8 Tempo.com, 28 November 2013, jam 15.51, diakses pada 14 Juni 2015",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 735,
"width": 237,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9 Indosiar.com, 10 Pebruari 2014, jam 19.37, diakses pada 14 Juni 2015",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 744,
"width": 192,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "10 Indosiar.com, 10 April 2013, diakses pada 14 Juni 2015",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 754,
"width": 455,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "11 Mukti Fajar dan Yulianto Achmad, 2010, Dualisme Penelitian Hukum Normatif & Empiris , Cetakan I, Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta, hal. 36",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 37,
"width": 287,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "YUSTISIA MERDEKA: Jurnal Imiah Hukum; ISSN: 2407- 8778",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 168,
"top": 54,
"width": 262,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Website : http://yustisia.unmermadiun.ac.id/index.php/yustisia",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 784,
"width": 256,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 5 Nomor 2 September 2019, YUSTISIA MERDEKA | 86",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 81,
"width": 517,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dan keterampilan tertentu di bidang kesehatan. Transaksi terapeutik itu dikategorikan sebagai perjanjian yang diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 1601 Bab 7A Buku III KUH Perdata, yaitu termasuk jenis perjanjian untuk melakukan jasa yang diatur dalam ketentuan khusus. Ketentuan khusus yang dimaksudkan adalah Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kesehatan. Selain itu, jika dilihat ciri yang dimilikinya yaitu pemberian pertolongan yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai pengurusan urusan orang lain ( zaakwaarnerning ) yang diatur dalam Pasal 1354 KUH Perdata, maka transaksi terapeutik merupakan perjanjian ius generis. Adapun yang dimaksud dengan perjanjian pemberian jasa, yaitu suatu perjanjian di mana pihak yang satu menghendaki pihak lawannya melakukan suatu pekerjaan untuk mencapai suatu tujuan dengan kesanggupan membayar upahnya, sedangkan cara yang akan dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut diserahkan pada pihak lawannya. Pihak lawan tersebut adalah seorang ahli dalam bidangnya dan telah memasang tarif untuk jasanya. 12",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 192,
"width": 431,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B. Pengaturan Transaksi Terapeutik Antara Dokter Dan Pasien Menurut Hukum Positif Di Indonesia",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 206,
"width": 517,
"height": 435,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sekalipun transaksi terapeutik dikategorikan sebagai perjanjian pemberian jasa, namun didasarkan perkembangannya merupakan hubungan pelayanan atas kepercayaan, dan didasarkan prinsip pemberian pertolongan, sehingga disebut sebagai hubungan pemberian pertolongan medis. berdasarkan prinsip pemberian pertolongan ini, maka dokter tidak dibenarkan memberikan pertolongan rnedis melebihi kebutuhan dari orang yang ditolong, karena pemberian pertolongan bertujuan untuk memulihkan kemampuan orang untuk dapat mengatur dirinya sebaik-baiknya, sehingga pelayanan medis yang diberikannya kepada pasien harus berorientasi demi kepentingan pasien. Sementara itu pada pihak pasien prinsip pemberian pertolongan berarti pasien sebagai penerima pertolongan tidak dapat melepaskan tanggung jawab atas dirinya seluruhnya atau pasrah kepada dokter sebagai pemberi pertolongan yang memiliki kemampuan profesional di bidang medis. 13 Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka Tujuan Transaksi Terapeutik adalah :1). Menyembuhkan dan mencegah penyakit, pemberi Pelayanan kesehatan berkewajiban untuk memberikan bantuan Pelayanan kesehatan yang dibatasi oleh kriterium memiliki kemampuan untuk menyembuhkan dan dapat mencegah atau menghentikan proses penyakit yang bersangkutan. Sebagaimana diatur Pasal 53 Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 bahwa tenaga kesehatan dalam menjalankan profesinya bertugas menyelenggarakan atau melakukan kegiatan kesehatan sesuai dengan bidang keahlian dan atau kewenangannya. Untuk menjamin terselenggaranya kegiatan tersebut, maka setiap tenaga kesehatan termasuk dokter berhak memperoleh perlindungan hukum, sepanjang yang dilakukannya sesuai dengan standar profesi dan tidak melanggar hak pasien/klien. Dengan demikian standar profesi sebagai pedoman yang harus digunakan sebagai petunjuk dalam menjalankan profesi secara baik, sebenarnya merupakan penyelenggaraan otonomi professional kesehatan dan sekaligus merupakan pembatasan dalam menjalankan profesi. Standar profesi yang dimaksud di atas adalah standar Pelayanan kesehatan yang disusun oleh masing-masing asosiasi profesi kesehatan seperti IDI, PDGI, PPNI, IBI, IFI dan asosiasi profesi kesehatan lainnya. Standar profesi tersebut dapat dirumuskan sebagai cara bertindak dalam peristiwa yang nyata berdasarkan ilmu pengetahuan dan pengalaman.2). Meringankan penderitaan, artinya bahwa tindakan medik yang dilakukan dalam penyembuhan penyakit dan pemulihan kesehatan pasien harus secara nyata ditujukan untuk memperbaiki keadaan pasien atau agar keadaan kesehatan pasien lebih baik dari sebelumnya, maka guna meringankan penderitaan pasien, penggunaan metode diagnostik atau terapeutik yang lebih menyakitkan seharusnya dihindarkan. Pemberian bantuan atau pertolongan untuk meringankan penderitaan ini merupakan bagian dari suatu tugas pemberi Pelayanan kesehatan professional, sehingga berlaku standar Pelayanan kesehatan yang didasarkan pada ketelitian dan sikap berhati-hati. Di dalam pengertian upaya kesehatan terlihat bahwa kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah untuk memelihara dan meningkatkan kesehatan, oleh karena itu dalam pengertian upaya meringankan penderitaan atau mengurangi perasaan sakit, termasuk juga menghindarkan penderitaan yang diakibatkan oleh upaya perawatan kesehatan. Secara yuridis apabila dokter/terapis tidak memenuhi kewajibannya dengan berbuat sesuatu yang meringankan atau mengurangi perasaan sakit, sehingga menimbulkan kerugian fisik ataupun non fisik pada pasien, maka dokter dan atau tenaga kesehatan yang bersangkutan dapat dituntut penggantian kerugian ( Pasal 58 Undang-undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 ). 3). Mendampingi pasien. Di dalam pengertian ini termasuk juga mendampingi menuju kematiannya. Kegiatan mendampingi pasien ini seharusnya sama besar dengan kegiatan untuk menyembuhkan pasien. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut seringkali tidak terpenuhinya kegiatan untuk meringankan penderitaan dan untuk mendampingi pasien dipersalahkan karena kurang atau tidak adanya waktu yang tersedia. Sekalipun kegiatan teknis medis dapat merupakan Pelayanan yang baik terhadap pasien, namun hukum mewajibkan seorang dokter atau tenaga kesehatan selaku professional untuk melakukan baik kegiatan pemberian pertolongan maupun kegiatan teknis medik sesuai dengan waktu yang tersedia dengan mematuhi standar profesi dan menghormati hak pasien/klien.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 651,
"width": 497,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "C. Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Transaksi Terapeutik Antara Dokter Dan Pasien Belum Dapat Memberikan Perlindungan Hukum",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 677,
"width": 517,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Transaksi terapeutik sebenarnaya memposisikan kedudukan dokter dan pasien, pada hubungan yang sederajat. Kondisi tersebut terlihat dari banyaknya peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengaturnya, mulai dari undang-undang ( Undang Undang No. 29 Tahun 2004 tentang Praktik Kedokteran, Undang Undang No 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan dan Undang Undang No. 44 Tahun 2009 tentang Rumah Sakit ), ( PP NomorTahun 1960 tentang Wajib Simpan Rahasia Kedokteran)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 744,
"width": 314,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "12 Veronica Komalawati, Peranan Informed Consent dalam Transaksi Terapeutik, Op.cit., hal.140",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 754,
"width": 54,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "13 Ibid, hal. 141.",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 37,
"width": 287,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "YUSTISIA MERDEKA: Jurnal Imiah Hukum; ISSN: 2407- 8778",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 168,
"top": 54,
"width": 262,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Website : http://yustisia.unmermadiun.ac.id/index.php/yustisia",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 784,
"width": 256,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 5 Nomor 2 September 2019, YUSTISIA MERDEKA | 87",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 81,
"width": 517,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "hingga peraturan yang berbentuk tekhnis yang diatur di dalam Peraturan /Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan (Permenkes Nomor.269 Tahun 2008 tentang Rekam Medik, Permenkes Nomor. 290 Tahun 2008 tentang Persetujuan Tindakan Kedokteran, PerMenKes Nomor 2052/MENKES/PER/X/2011 tentang Izin Praktik dan Pelaksanaan Praktik Kedokteran). Begitu banyak norma yang mengatur tentang transaksi terapeutik tersebut dengan harapan dapat memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi para pihak, namun pada kenyataannya norma-norma tersebut belum dapat memberikan perlindungan hukum.Hal itu terjadi disebabkan karena belum adanya pengaturan pelaksanaan transaksi terapeutik secara konsisten. Dalam arti para pihak menyadari dan mengetahui kedudukan dan posisinya masing-masing, sebab masih banyak dokter yang tidak memahami bahwa transaksi terapeutik menimbulkan adanya hubungan hukum antara dokter pasiennya sehingga akibatnya dokter menganggap bahwa pasien adalah objek bukan subjek dalam pelayanan medik. Selain itu saat ini belum dapat tercipta secara baik adanya komunikasi dua arah antara dokter dan pasien, untuk saling memberi informasi yang dibutuhkan dan diperlukan agar dapat memberikan pengobatan dan mendapatkan pengobatan yang diharapkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 207,
"width": 516,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Faktor faktor penyebab transaksi terapeutik saat ini belum dapat memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi pasien yang terdapat pada substansi, struktur maupun budaya hukumnya, sebagaimana penjelasan dibawah ini:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 230,
"width": 519,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Secara substansi hukum ada aturan maupun norma yang saling berbenturan satu sama lain, ataupun peraturan tersebut tidak jelas ( kabur ). Selain itu juga terdapat hal-hal penting yang belum atau tidak diatur dalam hukum kesehatan. Hal diatas terakumulasi sehingga terjadi banyak peraturan-peraturan yang tidak jelas. Persoalan tersebut tentu akan menimbulkan ambiguitas dan ketidakpastian hukum,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 276,
"width": 85,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a) Benturan Hukum",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 288,
"width": 507,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebagaimana kita ketahui terdapat banyak norma hukum yang berlaku dalam penyelenggaraan praktik kedokteran. Norma tersebut idealnya diabdikan untuk dapat mengakomodir kebutuhan sekaligus melindungi kepentingan para pihak dalam pelayanan kesehatan, khsusunya dokter dan pasien sehingga dapat memberikan keadilan, kepastian maupun kemanfaatan bagi masyarakat. Kenyataannya, ada norma hukum yang berbenturan seperti pada pasal 4 ayat 1 dan ayat 2 Permenkes No. 2052 tahun 2011 Tentang izin praktek dan pelaksanaan praktik kedokteran terkait Surat Ijin Praktik (SIP) dokter dan dokter spesialis diberikan paling banyak untuk tiga ( 3 ) tempat praktik baik pada fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan milik pemerintah, swasta, maupun praktik perseorangan. Namun dalam pasal 6 Permenkes yang sama mengatur bahwa guna melaksanakan program pemerataan pelayanan kesehatan SIP dokter berlaku juga bagi fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan pemerintah dalam wilayah binaannya yang tidak memiliki dokter,artinya karena pemerataan pelayanan kesehatan, maka seorang dokter diperbolehkan menggunakan SIP di wilayah binaannya meskipun dokter tersebut sudah memiliki 3 (tiga) tempat praktik. Ironisnya, berdasarkan pasal 37 ayat 3 Undang-Undang Nomer 29 Tahun 2004 tentang Praktik Kedokteran dan pasal 10 ayat 2 Permenkes No 2052 Tahun 2011 menyatakahn bahwa satu Surat Ijin Praktik hanya berlaku untuk 1 (satu ) tempat praktik. Mencermati hal tersebut jelaslah bahwa pasal 6 Permenkes 2052 tahun 2011 ini berpotensi menimbulkan ketidakpastian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 437,
"width": 98,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b) Kevakuman Hukum",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 449,
"width": 503,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pasal 19 Permenkes RI, Nomor 290/Men.Kes/Per/III/2008 yang menyatakan bahwa dalam rangka pembinaan dan pengawasan persetujuan tindakan kedokteran kepada dokter tersebut dapat diberikan sanksi administrasi berupa teguran lisan, teguran tertulis, sampai dengan pencabutan surat izin praktek. Adanya ketentuan yang mengatur mengenai pemberian sanksi administrasi ini menjadi penting untuk menunjukkan bahwa telah ada ketentuan yang mengatur informed consentper se . Artinya sanksi tetap dapat diberikan sekalipun mungkin tindakan medik yang telah dilakukan tidak menimbulkan bahaya apapun bagi pasien yang telah dirawatnya. Sebaliknya tanpa adanya ketentuan yang mengatur sanksi akan menunjukkan bahwa kewajiban meminta informed consent seakan-akan hanya sebagai upaya melindungi profesi dokter ketika mengalami kegagalan dalam tindakan mediknya.Namun disayangkan ternyata dalam permenkes tersebut tidak ada penjelasan lebih lanjut mengenai hal pelanggaran tindakan kedokteran seperti apa dan bagaimana yang akan mendapatkan sanksi administrasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 564,
"width": 505,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selanjutnya berkaitan dengan penolakan tindakan kedokteran meskipun dalam pasal 16Permenkes Nomor 290/Men.Kes/Per/III/2008 mengatur tentang penolakan pasien terhadap tindakan kedokteran setelah pasien tersebut menerima penjelasan tentang tindakan kedokteran yang akan dilakukan maupun tatacara penolakan tindakan kedokteran tersebut, namun muncul permasalahan lain yang belum diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Masalah tentang informed consent yang belum ada pengaturannya adalah: apakah informed consent yang telah diberikan oleh pasien dapat dicabut atau ditarik kembali oleh pasien, batas-batasdiperbolehkannya informed consent itu dicabut atau ditarik. Informed consent merupakan wujud otonomi dari individu yang memberikannya. Informed consent diberikan secara sepihak, artinya tidak ada kewajiban baik dari perjanjian maupun dari undang-undang bagi pasien untuk memberikannya. Oleh karena itupemberian informed consent merupakan hak, bahkan hak mutlak pasien. Terhadap hak mutlak ini tidak ditemukan pembatasan penggunaannya. Dalam hal ini patut dikemukakan pendapat yang menyatakan apabila tidak dapat dicabut, maka hal itu merupakan ketidak adilan, sebab informed consent sangat berkaitan dengan fisik manusia yang sedemikian fundamental kepentingannya sebagai identitas dan otonomi seseorang. Sehingga seharusnya informed consent dapat dicabut sewaktu-waktu dan pada tahap apapun tanpa berunding dengan pihak yang telah menerimanya sepanjang belum menimbulkan akibat hukum yang nyata.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 725,
"width": 503,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Demikian pula mengenai pengaturan Pasal 21 ayat (1) Permenkes No 2052/Menkes/Per/X/2011 tentang Izin Praktik dan Pelaksanaan Praktik Kedokteran menyebutkan bahwa ―Praktik kedokteran dilaksanakan berdasarkan pada kesepakatan berdasarkan hubungan kepercayaan antara dokter dan dokter gigi dengan pasien dalam upaya pemeliharaan kesehatan,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 37,
"width": 287,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "YUSTISIA MERDEKA: Jurnal Imiah Hukum; ISSN: 2407- 8778",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 168,
"top": 54,
"width": 262,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Website : http://yustisia.unmermadiun.ac.id/index.php/yustisia",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 784,
"width": 256,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 5 Nomor 2 September 2019, YUSTISIA MERDEKA | 88",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 81,
"width": 503,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pencegahan penyakit, peningkatan kesehatan, pengobatan penyakit dan pemulihan kesehatan,‖ kemudian pada ayat (2) menyebutkan bahwa kesepakatan yang dimaksudkan ayat (1) merupakan upaya maksimal pengabdian profesi kedokteran yang harus dilakukan dokter dan dokter gigi dalam penyembuhan dan pemulihan kesehatan pasien sesuai dengan standar pelayanan, standar profesi, standar prosedur operasional dan kebutuhan medis pasien, upaya maksimal sebagaimana dimaksud ayat 2 sesuai dengan situasi dan kondisi setempat. Pasal 21 ayat 2 Permenkes No 2052/Menkes/Per/X/2011 tentang Izin Praktik dan Pelaksanaan Praktik Kedokteran ini merupakan kewajiban dokter dalam penyelenggaraan praktik kedokteran yang harus sesuai dengan standar pelayanan, standar profesi, standar prosedur operasional dan kebutuhan medis pasien, namun sayangnya sampai saat ini belum ada pengaturan standar pelayanan medis ( SPM ) yang berlaku secara nasional, sehingga akibatnya sampai saat ini belum ada standart yang sama terhadap penanganan suatu penyakit, dalam arti dokter maupun rumah sakit menggunakan standartnyasendiri-sendiri sesuai dengan kemampuannya. Hal ini tentu berpotensi dapat menimbulkan kerugian kepada pasien.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 207,
"width": 95,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c) Kekaburan Hukum",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 219,
"width": 503,
"height": 227,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Adanya Kesepakatan dalam hubungan dokter dan pasien, merupakan langkah untuk menyesuaikan kehendak maupun kepentingan para pihak. Kepentingan itu tertuang dalam hak dan kewajiban. Hak pasien adalah hak asasi yang bersumber dari hak dasar individu dan hak dasar sosial. Dua asas hukum yang melandasi hukum kesehatan yaitu the right to health care atau hak atas pelayanan kesehatan dan the right ofself determination atau hak untuk menentukan nasib sendiri merupakan hak dasar atau hak primer dalam bidang kesehatan khususnya hukum kedokteran. Pengakuan hak pasien tersebut diatur dalam Permenkes No 290/2008 tentang informed consent dan Permenkes No.269/2008 Rekam Medis . Hak-hak ini semakin mendapat aktualisasinya dengan diundangkannya UU No 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan, UU No 44 Tahun 2009 tentang Rumah Sakit dan Sehingga meskipun Undang-undang Nomor 29 Tahun 2004 tentang Praktik Kedokteran Hak pasien yang bersifat sosial (the right to health care ) dirumuskan di dalam Pasal 4 Undang-undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan menyebutkan bahwa ―Setiap orang berhak atas kesehatan‖.Konsep hak atas kesehatan ini merujuk pada makna hak untuk memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan dari fasilitas kesehatan agar dapat mewujudkan derajat kesehatan yang setinggi-tingginya. Konsep ini sejalan dengan prinsip theright to health care yang diakui di dalam Deklarasi Universal Hak Asasi Manusia serta Kovenant Internasional tentang hak-hak ekonomi, sosial dan budaya yang merupakan landasan pengakuan dan perlindungan hak-hak asasi manusia secara universal. Pengakuan bahwa hak atas kesehatan adalah bagian dari hak asasi pun dinyatakan di dalam Penjelasan Umum UU Nomor 36 Tahun 2009. Pengakuan ini melahirkan tanggung jawab bagi pemerintah/negara untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut, artinya pemerintah/ negara bertanggung jawab menyediakan berbagai fasilitas kesehatan sesuai tingkat kebutuhan masyarakat / warga negara dalam rangka memenuhi hak setiap orang/warga negara untuk mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan. Termasuk dalam hal itu adalah perlindungan hak-hak atas kesehatan yang bersifat individual.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 449,
"width": 491,
"height": 216,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berbeda dengan hak yang bersifat sosial dimana pemenuhannya langsung menjadi tanggung jawab negara, maka hak kesehatan yang bersifat individu pemenuhannya akan bergantung pada pihak kedua, yang dalam konteks hak pasien ini maka tuntutan pemenuhannya ada pada dokter. Selanjutnya berkaitan dengan Pasal 4 Undang-undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan menyebutkan bahwa ― setiap orang berhak atas kesehatan ―, dari rumusan itu dapat diartikan bahwa setiap orang mempunyai hak untuk menentukan sendiri pelayanan kesehatan yang dibutuhkan, serta mempunyai hak untuk memperoleh informasi atas kesehatan dirinya. Hak yang terdapat dalam Pasal 4 Undang Undang Kesehatan tersebut kemudian mendapat penguatan norma melalui Pasal 56 dan Pasal 57 Undang Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan, yang mengatur mengenai perlindungan pasien 14 . Berdasarkan hal tersebut ternyata Undang-undang Nomor 36 tentang Kesehatan memberikan perumusan yang berbeda terhadap hak yang dimiliki setiap orang di bidang kesehatan ketika berada dalam kedudukan sebagai pasien, bahkan meskipun judul dari paragraf kedua dalam Undang- undang Nomor 36 tentang Kesehatan adalah perlindungan pasien, namun isinya sama sekali tidak mengatur mengenai perlindungan kepada pasien. Demikian pula dalam Pasal 3 Undang Undang No 29 Tahun 2004 tentang Praktik Kedokteran yang menyatakan bahwa pengaturan praktik kedokteran bertujuan untuk: a. memberikan perlindungan kepada pasien. b. Mempertahankan dan meningkatkan mutu pelayanan medis yang diberikan oleh dokter dan dokter gigi; c. memberikan kepastian hukum kepada masyarakat, dokter dan dokter gigi. Namun baik dalam Undang Undang Nomor 36 Tentang Kesehatan dan Undang Undang Nomor 29 Tahun 2004 tentang Praktik Kedokteran dalam penjelasannya tidak memberikan penjelasan lebih lanjut mengenai apa yang dimaksud dengan perlindungan pasien. Dalam penjelasan ke dua undang undang tersebut hanya ada kata-kata ―sudah jelas‖, berkaitan dengan hal itu tentunya dapat menimbulkan kerancuan, dan berujung pada tidak adanya kepastian hukum.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 680,
"width": 516,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "14 Periksa Pasal 56 dan Pasal 57 Undang Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan, dalam Pasal 56 ayat 1 yang menyatakan bahwa setiap orang berhak menerima atau menolak sebagian atau seluruh tindakan pertolongan yang akan diberikan kepadanya setelah menerima dan memahami informasi mengenai tindakan tersebut secara lengkap , sedangkan ayat 2 menyatakan bahwa hak menerima atau menolak sebagaimana dimaksud ayat 1 tidak berlaku pada : a. penderita penyakit yang penyakitnya dapat secara cepat menular kedalam masyarakat yang lebih luas; b. keadaan seseorang yang tidak sadarkan diri, atau, c. ganguan mental berat. Ayat 3 menyatakan bahwa ketentuan mengenai hak menerima atau menolak sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) diatur sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundangan. Pasal 57 ayat 1 menyatakan bahwa setiap orang b erhak atas rahasia kondisi kesehatan pribadinya yang telah dikemukakan kepada penyelenggara pelayanan kesehatan, sedangkan ayat 2 menyatakan ketentuan mengenai hak atas rahasia kondisi kesehatan pribadi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat 1 tidak berlaku dalam hal : a. perintah undang- undang, b. perintah pengadilan,c. izin yang bersangkutan; d. kepentingan masyarakat; e. kepentingan orang tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 37,
"width": 287,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "YUSTISIA MERDEKA: Jurnal Imiah Hukum; ISSN: 2407- 8778",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 168,
"top": 54,
"width": 262,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Website : http://yustisia.unmermadiun.ac.id/index.php/yustisia",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 784,
"width": 256,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 5 Nomor 2 September 2019, YUSTISIA MERDEKA | 89",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 81,
"width": 502,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Transaksi terapeutik yang mendasari adanya hubungan antara dokter dan pasien yang dimulai dari adanya pemilihan dokter oleh seorang pasien untuk menyembuhkan sakit yang dideritanya. Pemilihan dokter ini menunjukan adanya penundukan diri secara sukarela seorang pasien terhadap dokter yang sudah dia pilih yang dilanjutkan dengan penerimaan ataupun kesediaan dokter untuk mengobati pasien tersebut. Pasal 39 UU No 29 Tahun 2004 menyatakan bahwa praktik kedokteran diselenggarakan berdasarkan pada kesepakatan antara dokter atau dokter gigi dengan pasien dalam upaya untuk pemeliharaan kesehatan, pencegahan penyakit, peningkatan kesehatan, pengobatan penyakit dan pemulihan kesehatan, dari rumusan tersebut menurut Sabir Alwi 15 tidaklah tepat, karena berdasarkan pasal 1320 BW/ KUHPerdata hubungan keperdataan dapat terjadi bila para pihak mampu menyatakan kehendaknya, sementara itu dalam hubungan antara dokter dan pasien hanya didasarkan pada kesepakatan dalam arti pasien mampu menyatakan kehendaknya padahal kadang juga terjadi dalam hubungan pasien dengan dokter, pasien dalam kondisi tidak mampu untuk memberikan partisipasi/ kehendaknya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 207,
"width": 488,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selanjutnya Pasal 39 Undang Undang No 29 Tahun 2004 tentang Praktik Kedokteran yang menyebutkan bahwa‖ Praktik kedokteran diselenggarakan berdasarkan pada kesepakatan antara dokter atau dokter gigi dengan pasien dalam upaya untuk pemeliharaan kesehatan, pencegahan penyakit, peningkatan kesehatan, pengobatan penyakit dan pemulihan kesehatan.‖ Namun sayangnya penjelasan lebih lanjut dari pasal tersebut tidak ada, kemudian pengaturan adanya kesepakatan dalam praktik kedokteran dapat ditemukandalam Pasal 21 ayat (1) Permenkes No 2052/Menkes/Per/X/2011 tentang Izin Praktik dan Pelaksanaan Praktik Kedokteran menyebutkan bahwa ― Praktik kedokteran dilaksanakan berdasarkan pada kesepakatan berdasarkan hubungan kepercayaan antara dokter dan dokter gigi dengan pasien dalam upaya pemeliharaan kesehatan, pencegahan penyakit, peningkatan kesehatan, pengobatan penyakit dan pemulihan kesehatan,‖ kemudian pada ayat (2) menyebutkan bahwa kesepakatan yang dimaksudkan ayat (1) merupakan upaya maksimal pengabdian profesi kedokteran yang harus dilakukan dokter dan dokter gigi dalam penyembuhan dan pemulihan kesehatan pasien sesuai dengan standar pelayanan, standar profesi, standar prosedur operasional dan kebutuhan medis pasien, upaya maksimal sebagaimana dimaksud ayat 2 sesuai dengan situasi dan kondisi setempat. Namun demikian ayat 2 Permenkes tersebut sama sekali tidak menyebutkan pengertian lebih lanjut apa yang dimaksudkan dengan―upaya maksimal‖dalam penyelenggaraan praktik kedokteran yang akan dilakukan tersebut, sehingga hal ini tentunya akan menimbulkan kerancuan dalam pelaksanaannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 380,
"width": 502,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Berkaitan dengan hal kepemilikan rekam medis, sebagaimana diketahui bahwa Undang-undang telah mewajibkan dokter dan rumah sakit untuk melakukan rekam medis atas semua hal yang berhubungan dengan kondisi kesehatan seorang pasien. Hal ini berarti segala sesuatu yang disetujui atau ditolak pasien terkait tindakan medis terhadap dirinya, termasuk pemberian berbagai obat-obatan, merupakan bagian dari hal yang harus dirahasiakan dokter dari pihak ketiga yang tidak berwenang untuk mengetahui dan tanpa seijin pasien. Pemahaman ini melahirkan implikasi hukum bahwa berkas rekam medis yang diselenggarakan oleh health providers merupakan milik dokter/Rumah Sakit namun isi rekam medis merupakan milik pasien, sehingga pihak dokter/RS tidak diperkenankan untukmenghalangi-halangi keinginan pasien yang meminta isi rekam medis untuk kepentingan diri pasien itu sendiri. Oleh karena itu hak ini cenderung disebut dengan hak inzage rekam medis atau hak akses terhadap isi (hak untuk melihat) rekam medis dan bukan hak terhadap berkas rekam medis itu sendiri.Kondisi ini yang masih sering ditemukan kesalahpahaman antara dokter/RS dengan pihak pasien. Di satu sisi pasien menganggap rekam medis adalah miliknya karena berisikan segala informasi tentang kesehatan dirinya yang hanya boleh diketahui orang lain (pihak ketiga) dengan seijin dirinya sehingga ia dapat meminta dan memperoleh rekam medis tersebut ketika ia menghendaki. Namun di sisi lain, pihak dokter/RS pun beranggapan bahwa rekam medis adalah milik fasilitas kesehatan yang bersifat rahasia sehingga tidak boleh dibaca/diketahui oleh pihak luar selain dokter yang merawat atau tenaga kesehatan tertentu yang telah diberi kewenangan untuk itu.Olehkarena itu penulis menganggap perlu untuk memahami makna sebenarnya dari sebuah rekam medis, pihak-pihak yang berwenang dan hak serta kewajiban yang melingkupi pihak-pihak tersebut agar tidak terulang sengketa medis yang bermula dari masalah rekam medis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 587,
"width": 491,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berkaitan dengan isi rekam medis ini sebagai dasar hukum terhadap hal tersebut diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 47 ayat 1 Undang-undang Nomor 29 Tahun 2004 tentang Praktik Kedokteran menyebutkan bahwa dokumen rekam medis merupakan milik dokter, dokter gigi atau sarana pelayanan kesehatan, sedangkan isi rekam medis merupakan milik pasien. Namun demikian dalam Pasal 12 ayat 3 Permenkes Nomor 269 Tahun 2008 tentang Rekam Medis menyebutkan bahwa pasien hanya berhak untuk mendapatkan isi ringkasannya saja dari rekam medik itu, bukan isinya secara keseluruhan sebagaimana ketentuan pasal 47 ayat 1 Undang-undang Nomor 29 Tahun 2004 tentang Praktik Kedokteran. Pengaturan yang demikian, tentunya menimbulkan permasalahan hukum tersendiri,sebab pasien tentunya akan berpegang pada ketentuan Undang-undang Praktik Kedokteran sebagai peraturan yang tertinggi mengenai kepemilikan isi rekam medis, sedangkan Rumah Sakit akan berpegang pada Permenkes sebagai peraturan pelaksanaannya. Sementara itu di dalam norma hukum terdapat asas preferensi hukum yang menyatakan bahwa peraturan yang lebih tinggi akan mengalahkan peraturan yang lebih rendah ( lex superiori derogat legi inferiori ). Salah satu contoh kasus penolakan pemberian isi rekam medis adalah kasus Prita Mulyasari yang minta isi Rekam Medisnya tapi ditolak pihak Rumah Sakit Omni Internasional, sehingga berujung di Pengadilan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 754,
"width": 376,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "15 Wawancara dengan Dr Sabir Alwi SH.MH, wakil ketua MKDKI Pusat pada tanggal 19 Agustus 2015 jam 10.00.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 37,
"width": 287,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "YUSTISIA MERDEKA: Jurnal Imiah Hukum; ISSN: 2407- 8778",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 168,
"top": 54,
"width": 262,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Website : http://yustisia.unmermadiun.ac.id/index.php/yustisia",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 784,
"width": 256,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 5 Nomor 2 September 2019, YUSTISIA MERDEKA | 90",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 55,
"top": 81,
"width": 505,
"height": 285,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4) Pasal 58 UU Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 menyebutkan bahwa ― setiap orang berhak menuntut ganti rugi terhadap seseorang, tenaga kesehatan, dan/atau penyelenggara kesehatan yang menimbulkan kerugian akibat kesalahan atau kelalian dalam pelayanan kesehatan yang diterimanya‖, sementara penjelasan pasal tersebut hanya menyatakan bahwa yang dimaksud dengan ― kerugian ― adalah tindakan akibat pelayanan kesehatan termasuk di dalamnya adalah pembocoran rahasia kedokteran, tetapi mengenai kemana tuntutan kerugian tersebut akan diajukan sama sekali tidak diatur. Selanjutnya dalam ketentuan Pasal 66 Undang-undang Nomor 29 Tahun 2004 tentang Praktik Kedokteran menyebutkan bahwa, setiap orang yang mengetahui atau kepentingannya dirugikan atas tindakan dokter/dokter gigi ― dapat ― mengadukan secara tertulis kepada Ketua Majelis Kehormatan Disiplin Kedokteran Indonesia (MKDKI) ( ayat 1 ), dimana pengaduan sebagaimana dimaksud tidak menghilangkan hak setiap orang untuk melaporkan adanya dugaan tindak pidana kepada pihak yang berwenang dan/atau menggugat kerugian ke pengadilan ( ayat 3 ).Apabila dicermati konstruksi pasal 66 ayat 3 Undang- Undang Nomor 29 Tahun 2004 tentang Praktik Kedokteran maka,masih memungkinkan dan terbuka peluang bagi pasien yang merasa dirugikan selain mengadu ke Majelis Kehormatan Disiplin Kedokteran Indonesia ( MKDKI ), sekaligus juga memberi hak untuk mengadukannya baik secara perdata maupun pidana ke lembaga peradilan umum, hal ini tentunya akan menyebabkan ketidakpastian hukum dalam penyelesaian sengketa medik tersebut. Meskipun melalui Surat Edaran ( SEMA ) Tahun 1982 telah memberikan arahan kepada para hakim untuk menangani kasus dokter atau tenaga kesehatan yang diduga melakukan kesalahan atau kelalaian agar tidak langsung diproses melalui jalur hukum tetapi terlebih dahulu dimintakan pendapat Majelis Kehormatan Etik Kedokteran ( MKEK ) dan /atau Majelis Kehormatan Disiplin Kedokteran Indonesia ( MKDKI ). Ketentuan dalam Pasal 66 ayat 1 Undang Undang Nomor 29 Tahun 2004 yang mengarah pada kesalahan praktik kedokteran ― hanya ― memberikan dasar hukum untuk melaporkan dokter ke organisasi profesinya dalam hal ini MKDKI bukan sebagai dasar untuk menuntut ganti rugi atas tindakan dokter, sehingga pasal ini dapat dikatakan hanya mempunyai arti dari sudut hukum administrasi saja. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut maka akibatnya ada beberapa kasus yang ditangani dan diputuskan Majelis kehormatan Disiplin kedokteran Indonesia ( MKDKI ) diajukan ke Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara karena menganggap bahwa Majelis Kehormatan Disiplin Kedokteran Indonesia dianggap tidak berwenang menangani kasus tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 368,
"width": 491,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hal yang lain berkaitan dengan pengaturan pelayanan praktik dokter sering meninbulkan permasalahan sebagaimana uraian dibawah ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 391,
"width": 487,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a) Dalam keadaan darurat fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan baik pemerintah maupun swasta wajib memberikan pelayanan kesehatan bagi penyelamatan nyawa pasien dan mencegah kecacatan terlebih dahulu, sebagaimana ditegaskan dalam Pasal 32 Undang Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009. Demikian juga dalam Pasal 29 Undang Undang Nomor 44 Tahun 2009 menyebutkan bahwa Rumah Sakit wajib memberikan pelayanan gawat darurat kepada pasien sesuai dengan kemampuan pelayanannya. Jadi seharusnya korban kecelakaan yang mengalami keadaan gawat darurat tersebut harus langsung ditangani oleh pihak rumah sakit untuk menyelamatkan nyawanya. Apabila rumah sakit melanggar kewajiban tersebut, maka rumah sakit dikenakan sanksi administratif berupa: a). teguran secara lisan, b). teguran tertulis, c). denda dan pencabutan izin rumah sakit.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 483,
"width": 467,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Senada dengan hal tersebut sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2014 tentang Tenaga Kesehatan khususnya Pasal 59 ayat (1) menyebutkan bahwa tenaga kesehatan yang menjalankan praktik pada fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan wajib memberikan pertolongan pertama kepada penerima pelayanan kesehatan dalam keadaan gawat darurat dan/atau pada bencana untuk penyelamatan nyawa dan pencegahan kecacatan. Demikian pula dalam peraturan Konsil Kedokteran Indonesia Nomor 4 Tahun 2011 tentang Disiplin Profesional Dokter dan Dokter Gigi khususnya Pasal 3 ayat (2) huruf o menyebutkan bahwa pelanggaran disiplin dokter dan dokter gigi salah satunya adalah tidak melakukan pertolongan darurat atas dasar perikemanusiaan. Namun pada kenyataannya pihak rumah sakit sering menolak pasien yang dalam kondiri gawat darurat dengan alasan karena tidak ada alat yang dibutuhkan pasien gawat darurat tersebut atau karena penuhnya kamar perawatan. Sementara untuk pengadaan alat maupun penambahan ruang perawatan tentu dibutuhkan biaya yang tidak sedikit, karena alat-alat kedokteran yang digunakan saat ini kebanyakan merupakan barang impor, sementara itu pemerintah mengenakan pajak yang tinggi terhadap impor alat-alat kedokteran tersebut, hal ini tentunya menimbulkan kesulitan tersendiri bagi rumah sakit untuk dapat memberikan pelayanan yang maksimal kepada pasiennya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 656,
"width": 68,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Contoh kasus :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 667,
"width": 461,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "i. Kasus bayi Dera yang di tolak 8 Rumah Sakit karena tidak tersedianya NICU ( Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ). Bayi tersebut terlahir prematur dengan berat badan 1 ( satu ) kilogram dan mengalami gangguan pernafasan. Oleh karena tidak segera mendapatkan perawatan yang dibutuhkan, maka bayi yang baru berumur 5 hari tersebut akhirnya meninggal dunia. Sempat beredar kabar bahwa pihak rumah sakit menolak bayi Dera karena keluarga tidak bisa menyediakan sejumlah uang, meskipun dibantah oleh Menkes pada saat itu, dimana Menkes menyatakan bahwa bayi Dera ditolak rumah sakit karena terbatasnya peralatan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 736,
"width": 461,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ii. Okky Oktavianus Elia ( 25 tahun ) pegawai bagian transaksi informasi di Harian Nasional yang di tusuk senjata tajam di pinggang sebelah kanan ketika mempertahankan handphonenya dari penjabret dan kemudian",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 37,
"width": 287,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "YUSTISIA MERDEKA: Jurnal Imiah Hukum; ISSN: 2407- 8778",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 168,
"top": 54,
"width": 262,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Website : http://yustisia.unmermadiun.ac.id/index.php/yustisia",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 784,
"width": 256,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 5 Nomor 2 September 2019, YUSTISIA MERDEKA | 91",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 81,
"width": 445,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "oleh temannya dibawa ke rumah sakit. Lima rumah sakit pertama tidak mau menerimanya dengan alasan tidak memiliki alat lengkap. Okky dibawa temannya yang bernama Andi pertama kali ke Rumah Sakit Abdi Waluyo Okky sempat diiberi pertolongan pertama, hanya dibebat perban untuk menahan darah agar tidak keluar tapi perawat menyarankan pindah kerumah sakit besar. Hal yang sama terjadi lagi di RS PGI Cikini, dimana petugas UGD menolaknya setelah mendapat penjelasan pasien adalah korban penusukan, alasan yang dikemukakan karena tidak ada peralatan lengkap. Kemudian di RS Husni Thamrin petugas jaga UGD sempat memeriksa, tapi setelah tahu bahwa itu luka tusukan , petugas tersebut tiba-tiba mengatakan bahwa dokter jaga tidak ada. Selanjutnya Okky dibawa ke Rs Cipto Mangunkusumo, dan disuruh duduk menunggu karena ternyata UGD penuh, karena tidak tega melihat kondisi Okky selanjutnya dia dibawa ke RS Moh Ridwan Meuraksa tapi Okky ditolak dengan alasan Okky bukan pasien peserta BPJS dan akhirnya Okky dibawa ke RS Gatot Subroto, okky diterima di UGD dan langsung diperiksa petugas jaga dan tertangani setelah ada 5 rumah sakit yang menolaknya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 219,
"width": 485,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b) Pengaturan pasal 41 ayat 1 UU No 29 Tahun 2004 yo pasal 26 ayat 1 Permenkes No 2052/Menkes/Per/X/2011 dengan pasal 4 ayat 1 Permenkes Nomor 2052/Menkes/Per/X/2011. Pasal 41 ayat 1 UU No 29 Tahun 2004, dokter atau dokter gigi yang telah mempunyai surat izin praktik dan menyelenggarakan praktik kedokteran, wajib memasang papan nama praktik kedokterannya, demikian pula dalam pasal 26 ayat 1 Permenkes No 2052/Menkes/Per/X/2011, dokter dan dokter gigi yang telah memiliki SIP dan menyelenggarakan praktik perorangan wajib memasang papan nama praktik kedokteran. Dalam papan nama praktik dokter tersebut tentunya tertera jadwal jam praktek dokter tersebut namun seringkali dokter mengingkari jam praktik yang tertera dalam papan nama tersebut seperti dokter datang terlambat dari jadwal jam praktik dengan alasan masih berpraktik di tempat lain, karena dokter mendapatkan 3 (tiga) tempat praktik baik pada fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan milik pemerintah, swasta, maupun praktik perorangan(Pasal 4 ayat 1 Permenkes Nomor 2052/Menkes/Per/X/2011) atau bahkan sama sekali tidak datang tanpa ada pemberitahuan terlebih dahulu. Pengaturan pasal 4 ayat 1 Permenkes tersebut berpotensi menimbulkan kerugian pada pihak pasien berkaitan dengan ketepatan waktu untuk mendapatkan perawatan yang bisa berakibat fatal bagi penyelamatan nyawa pasien.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 368,
"width": 68,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Contoh kasus :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 380,
"width": 466,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Seorang ibu yang akan melahirkan anak pertamanya di Rumah Bersalin Ikatan Bidan di Bali, dimana aktifitas rumah bersalin tersebut dibawah pengawasan seorang dokter namun sayangnya pada saat si ibu datang, dokter pengawas tidak berada di tempat, sehingga pemeriksaan awal menjelang persalinan itu dilakukan oleh bidan yang bertugas. Setelah bidan memeriksa detak jantung bayi dan memberi petunjuk tentang cara bernafas saat akan melahirkan ternyata di depan rumah bersalin tersebut ada kecelakaan dan bidan meninggalkan si ibu. Bidan tersebutbaru kembali setelah beberapa lama, kemudian melakukan pemecahan ketuban, namun saat ketuban pecah bidan merasa bingung dan panik dan menganjurkan kepada suami si ibu untuk segera membawa istrinya ke RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. Setiba di RSUP Sanglah si ibu segera ditangani tim medis dan si ibu melahirkan bayi tetapi dalam kondisi meninggal. Keterangan pihak RSUP menyatakan bahwa bayi meninggal karena prolaps tali pusat dan kematian sudah dalam kandungan, karena bidan tidak serius dan hati-hati dalam menangani pasien. Dalam hal ini yang bertanggung jawab adalah bidan dan pimpinan rumah bersalin tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 506,
"width": 485,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c) Ketentuan Pasal 3 huruf a Undang-Undang Nomor 44 Tahun 2009 yang menyebutkan bahwa penyelenggaraan rumah sakit bertujuan untuk mempermudah akses masyarakat dalam mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan. Berkaitan dengan kemudahan akses masyarakat untuk mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan ini ternyata bagi sebagian masyarakat belum dapat diperoleh secara mudah terlebih untuk pasien yang mempergunakan kartu jaminan kesehatan, hal itu disebabkan karena ternyata tidak semua rumah sakit melakukan kerjasama dengan pemerintah berkaitan dengan kartu jaminan kesehatan. Padahal seperti yang dicanangkan pemerintah bahwa mulai 1 Januari 2014 masyarakat wajib menjadi anggota BPJS kesehatan ( pasal 14 UU BPJS ) Contoh kasus :",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 598,
"width": 467,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kasus penolakan pasien dalam pelayanan kesehatan yang terjadi di Lampung, menimpa Akbar Abdul Majid ( 20 tahun ) mahasiswa Universitas Malahayati Bandar Lampung yang ditolak Rumah Sakit Immanuel karena hendak menggunakan pelayanan kesehatan dengan kartu BPJS, pasien tersebut dalam kondisi kritis karena mengalami kecelakaan motor. Salah satu keluarga Akbar menyatakan bahwa dia sempat dibawa ke Rumah Sakit Islam Natar, tapi karena peralatan tak memadai, akhirnya dirujuk ke RSUD Abdoel Moeloek ( RSUDAM) Bandar Lampung. Setibanya di RSUDAM ternyata ruang Intensif Care Unit ( ICU ) penuh, karena Akbar membutuhkan perawatan serius , akhirnya pihak RSUDAM merujuk ke RS Immanuel. Setibanya di RS Immanuel, Akbar yang sudah kritis ditolak perawat penjaga Unit Gawat darurat ( UGD ) RS setempat denganalasanRumah Sakit Imanuel tidak melayani pasien yang menggunakan BPJS. Akhirnya setelah menunggu beberapa jam RSUDAM mengabarkan bahwa ruang ICU di rumah sakit tersebut sudah tersedia dan pasien Akbar ditangani di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Abdoel Moeloek. 16",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 754,
"width": 328,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "16 Harian Lampung.com, , tanggal 25 Januari 2015, jam 21.00, diakses tanggal 1Maret 2015 jam 20.00",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 37,
"width": 287,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "YUSTISIA MERDEKA: Jurnal Imiah Hukum; ISSN: 2407- 8778",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 168,
"top": 54,
"width": 262,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Website : http://yustisia.unmermadiun.ac.id/index.php/yustisia",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 784,
"width": 256,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 5 Nomor 2 September 2019, YUSTISIA MERDEKA | 92",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 267,
"top": 81,
"width": 64,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "III. PENUTUP",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 100,
"width": 66,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A. Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 114,
"width": 519,
"height": 182,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hubungan hukum dalam pelayanan kesehatan merupakan hubungan hukum yang saling kait mengkait antara pemberi layanan kesehatan ( health provider ) dan penerima layanan kesehatan ( health receiver ), dimana hubungan tersebut akan menimbulkan suatu transaksi yang disebut dengan transaksi terapeutik. Transaksi terapeutik ini menimbulkan hak dan kewajiban diantara para pihak sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang Undang Nomer 29 Tahun 2004 tentang Praktik Kedokteran, Undang Undang Nomer 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan, Undang Undang Nomer 44 Tahun 2009 tentang Rumah Sakit. Transaksi terapeutik ini sebagai landasan pemberian persetujuan tindakan medis ( informed consent ), karena informed consent merupakan hak atas informasi seorang pasien. Pengaturan hak dan kewajiban dimana salah satunya adalah adanya persetujuan tindakan medis, secara yuridis dimaksudkan untuk memberikan perlindungan yang seimbang dan objektif baik terhadap dokter maupun masyarakat. Namun ternyata saat ini perlindungan yang diharapkan tersebut belum dapat dirasakan oleh pasien. Adapun faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan transaksi terapeutik saat ini belum memberi perlindungan kepada pasien menyangkut pelaksanaan sistem dalam pelayanan kesehatan yaitu, bahwa secara substansi masih terdapat peraturan yang berbenturan dengan etika, disiplin, maupun hukum. berkaitan dengan fungsi dan kewenangan kelembagaan bahwa lembaga-lembaga yang dibentuk sebagai upaya perlindungan ternyata belum menunjukkan objektifitasnya pada saat menangani kasus-kasus sengketa medis karena hanya berorientasi pada kesejawatan saja. Demikian pula dengan faktor budaya atau kultur masyarakat yang cenderung pasif serta permisif mensikapi permasalahan-permasalahan yang muncul dalam hubungan antara dokter dan pasiennya pada pelayanan kesehatan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 306,
"width": 39,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B. Saran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 320,
"width": 516,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Transaksi terapeutik wajib dijadikan bagian dalam kurikulum sistem pendidikan kedokteran di Indonesia. Dokter yang menjalankan praktik kedokterannya harus berpedoman pada norma-norma etik, disiplin maupun hukum. Norma etik berkaitan dengan perilaku dokter yang harus sesuai dengan kode etik profesinya maupun sumpah kedokteran sebagaimana tertuang dalam sumpah Hippocrates yang sampai saat ini masih menjadi landasan etik seorang dokter. Sedangkan disiplin berkaitan dengan ilmu pengetahuan yang ditekuninya yang menjadikan seorang dokter berkompeten di bidang ilmu kedokteran serta norma hukum yang berkaitan dengan posisinya sebagai subjek hukum pengemban hak dan kewajiban yang harus dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara hukum, baik hukum perdata, hukum pidana, maupun hukum administrasi Negara.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 245,
"top": 413,
"width": 108,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "IV. DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 41,
"top": 428,
"width": 516,
"height": 255,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amri Amir, 1997, Bunga Rampai Hukum Kesehatan , Jakarta : Widya Medika Abdulrahman, 1987, Tebaran Pikiran Tentang Strudi Hukum dan Masyarakat ,Jakarta : Media Sarana Press ___________, 1989, Perkembangan Pemikiran tentang Pembinaan Hukum Nasional di Indonesia ,Jakarta : Akademika Pressindo Albert R. Jonsen,2000, A Short History of Medical Ethics, School of Medicine University of Washington , New York : Oxford University Press Ahmadi Miru,2004, Prinsi-Prinsip Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Konsumen di Indonesia , Disertasi, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, tidak diterbitkan Ameln, Fred, 1991, Kapita Selekta Hukum Kedokteran , Jakarta : Grafikatama Jaya Appelbaum, Paul Charles and Alan Huseil, 1987, Informed Consent Legal Theory and Clinical Practice , New York: Oxford University Press Abdulkadir Muhamad, 2006, Etika Profesi Hukum , Bandung : Citra Aditya Bakti Crisdiono M Achadiat, 2007, Dinamika dan Etika Kedokteran Dalam Tantangan Zaman, Jakarta : Buku Kedokteran ECG. Cahyono, JB. Suharyo B, 2011, Mengungkap Kekuatan Penyembuhan Diri yang Tidak terbatas , Jakarta : Gramedia _________________, 2008, Membangun Budaya keselamatan Pasien dalam Praktik kedokteran , Yogjakarta : Kanisius Eka Julianta Wahjoepramono, 2012, Konsekwensi Hukum Dalam Profesi Medik , Bandung: Karya Putra Darwati. Fredy Tengker, 2007, Hak Pasien , Bandung: Mandar Maju Guwadi,, 2008, Hukum dan Dokter , Jakarta: Sagung Seto Hermien Hadiati, 1998, Hukum Kedokteran : Studi tentang Hubungan Hukum Dalam Mana Dokter Sebagai Salah satu Pihak , Bandung: PT Citra Aditya Bakti. Hendrojono Soewono, 2006, Perlindungan Hak-hak Pasien dalam Transaksi Terapeutik, Suatu Tinjauan Yuridis Setelah Berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 29 Tahun 2004 Tentang Praktek Kedokteran , Surabaya : Srikandi, Surabaya. __________________, 2005, Batas Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Malpraktek Dokter dalam Transaksi Terapeutik , Surabaya : Srikandi Jhon Rawls,1995. A Theory Of Justice, Cambridge Harvard University Press ,( edisi terjemahan oleh Uzair Fausan dan Heru Prasetyo.2011. Teori Keadilan Dasar-Dasar Filsafat Politik untuk Mewujudkan Kesejahteraan Sosial Dalam Negara , Yogyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar) M. Jusuf Hanafiah dan Amri Amir,2009, Etika Kedokteran dan Hukum Kesehatan Ed.4, Jakarta : Penerbit Buku Kedokteran ECG Munir Fuady, 2005, Sumpah Hippocrates : Aspek Hukum Malpraktek Dokter , Bandung : Citra Aditya Bakti Sudikno Mertokusumo, 1996, Mengenal Hukum (Suatu Pengantar) , Yogyakarta: Liberty Safitri Hariyani, 2005, Sengketa Medik Alternatif Penyelesaian Perselisihan Antara Dokter Dengan Pasien , Jakarta: Diadit Media Syahrul Machmud, 2008, Penegakan Hukum dan Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Dokter Yang Diduga Melakukan Medikal Malpraktek , Bandung:Penerbit Mandar Maju Titon Slamet Kurnia, 2007, Hak Atas Derajat Kesehatan Optimal Sebagai HAM di Indonesia , Bandung : PT Alumni",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
bbf2043f-ffc4-3e09-c32c-beda95d105f8 | https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative/article/download/5304/3732 | [
{
"left": 126,
"top": 788,
"width": 348,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Copyright @ Yurni Kristina Pakpahan, Hardi Tambunan, Tutiarny Naibaho",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 110,
"top": 39,
"width": 263,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "INNOVATIVE: Journal Of Social Science Research Volume 3 Nomor 5 Tahun 2023 Page 3663-3676 E-ISSN 2807-4238 and P-ISSN 2807-4246",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 110,
"top": 101,
"width": 281,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Website: https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 146,
"width": 457,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Logis dan Pemecahan Masalah terhadap Hasil Belajar Aspek Kognitif Siswa pada Materi SPLDV di Kelas VIII SMPN 1 Pangaribuan T.A.2023/2024",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 241,
"width": 334,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Yurni Kristina Pakpahan 1 ✉ , Hardi Tambunan 2 , Tutiarny Naibaho 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 266,
"width": 387,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Pendidikan Matematika, Universitas HKBP Nommensen, Medan, Indonesia Email : [email protected] 1 ✉",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 279,
"top": 331,
"width": 39,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 53,
"top": 350,
"width": 491,
"height": 262,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kemampuan berpikir logis dan pemecahan masalah terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi SPLDV Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Pangaribuan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan instrumen tes. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Pangaribuan yang terdiri dari 8 kelas. Dengan menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling yang menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas VIII-1. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 32 siswa. Berdasarkan analisis data Inferensial menunjukkan bahwa Ada hubungan berpikir logis terhadap hasil belajar aspek kognitif siswa pada materi SPLDV.Hubungan kemampuan berpikir logis terhadap hasil belajar aspek kognitif siswa pada materi SPLDV sebesar 60%. Ada hubungan kemampuan pemecahan masalah terhadap hasil belajar aspek kognitif siswa pada materi SPLDV. Hubungan kemampuan pemecahan masalah terhadap hasil belajar aspek kognitif siswa pada materi SPLDV sebesar 61%. Ada hubungan kemampuan berpikir logis dan pemecahan masalah terhadap hasil belajar aspek kognitif siswa pada materi SPLDV. Hubungan kemampuan berpikir logis dan pemecahan masalah terhadap hasil belajar aspek kognitif siswa pada materi SPLDV sebesar 70%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 53,
"top": 616,
"width": 491,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Kata Kunci: Analisis, Kemampuan Berpikir Logis, Kemampuan Pemecahan masalah, Hasil Belajar aspek Kognitif",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 788,
"width": 348,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Copyright @ Yurni Kristina Pakpahan, Hardi Tambunan, Tutiarny Naibaho",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 39,
"width": 42,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 58,
"width": 480,
"height": 261,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "This research aims to determine the relationship between logical thinking and problem solving abilities on student learning outcomes in Class VIII SPLDV material at SMP Negeri 1 Pangaribuan. The type of research used in this research is quantitative descriptive research with test instruments. The population in this study were all students in class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Pangaribuan consisting of 8 classes. Using the cluster random sampling technique, the sample in this study was class VIII-1. The sample in this research consisted of 32 students. Based on inferential data analysis, it shows that there is a relationship between logical thinking and the learning outcomes of students' cognitive aspects in SPLDV material. The relationship between logical thinking abilities and learning outcomes in students' cognitive aspects in SPLDV material is 60%. There is a relationship between problem solving abilities and students' cognitive aspect learning outcomes in SPLDV material. The relationship between problem solving abilities and students' cognitive aspect learning outcomes in SPLDV material is 61%. There is a relationship between logical thinking and problem solving abilities on students' cognitive aspect learning outcomes in SPLDV material. The relationship between logical thinking and problem solving abilities on students' cognitive aspect learning outcomes in SPLDV material is 70%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 324,
"width": 469,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Keyword: Analysis, Logical Thinking Ability, Problem Solving Ability, Cognitive Aspect Learning Results",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 267,
"top": 365,
"width": 87,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 386,
"width": 471,
"height": 347,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Pelajaran matematika menjadi salah satu pelajaran wajib yang ada di sekolah, baik sekolah dasar maupun sekolah menengah. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa matematika sangat penting untuk dipelajari. Matematika memiliki peranan yang luas dalam segala bidang kehidupan yang berhubungan dengan kehidupan sehari-hari, sehingga matematika penting sekali di dalam dunia pendidikan untuk dipelajari (SIREGAR & Purba, 2020). Dalam dunia pendidikan, matematika merupakan salah satu mata pelajaran yang sangat diperlukan karena, matematika merupakan cabang ilmu pengetahuan yang memiliki peran pentingdalam berbagai ilmu pendidikan. Menurut (Siagian, 2016:60) bahwa “Matematika mempunyai peran penting dalam perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, baik s ebagai alat bantu maupun dalam pengembangan matematika”. Pengetahuan matematika diperlukan oleh setiap orang dalam berbagai bentuk sesuai dengan kebutuhannya, Peran penting matematika dalam kehidupan ini menyebabkan matematika perlu diajarkan di setiap jenjang pendidikan (Syahril et al., 2021:9). Namun faktanya hingga saat ini kualitas pendidikan matematika di Indonesia masih bermasalah ditinjau dari peringkat dan literasi matematika yang masih rendah. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan hasil survei PISA tahun 2018 yang menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia menempati posisi yang rendah yaitu peringkat ke73 dari 79 negara lainnya dalam survei (OECD,2019:1).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 788,
"width": 348,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Copyright @ Yurni Kristina Pakpahan, Hardi Tambunan, Tutiarny Naibaho",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 39,
"width": 471,
"height": 119,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Banyak faktor penyebabnya diantaranya adalah Siswa masih memandang matimatika sebagai pelajaran yang menakutkan, karena siswa sulit memahami materi yang kajiannya abstrak pada matematika (Utami, 2017:48), Siswa cenderung berpikir negatif terhadap matematika,minat belajar,dan motivasi siswa kurang (Anggraeni et al.,2020:25), Siswa masih lemah dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal matematika yang melibatkan literasi matematis (Hapsari,2019:84).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 163,
"width": 471,
"height": 244,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Salah satu yang menjadi capaian dalam pembelajaran matematika adalah kemampuan berpikir logis. Berpikir logis merupakan kemampuan siswa untuk menarik kesimpulan yang sah menurut aturan logika dan dapat membuktikan kesimpulan itu benar (Badriah & Maaruf, 2018:1). Kemampuan berpikir logis matematis merupakan kemampuan berpikir seseorang dalam menggunakan penalarannya sehingga seseorang yang menguasai kemampuan ini mampu dan terbiasa untuk berpikir secara nalar (Wulandari & Fatmahanik, 2020:43). Menurut Fauzan et al., (2019) Bahwa “Kemampuan berpikir logis diperlukan oleh siswa untuk menghubungkan sesuatu yang ada dalam sekitar yang dapat dipahami oleh nalar, sehingga dapat di imple mentasikan sebagai logika untuk menyelesaikan suatu permasalahan”. Akan tetapi Kemampuan siswa dalam berpikir logis masih bermasalah, hal ini terlihat ketika siswa mengalami kesulitan untuk menarik kesimpulan berdasarkan data yang ada dari soal matematika (Fatmahanik, 2019 : 133).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 413,
"width": 471,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Terdapat beberapa penyebab rendahnya kemampuan berpikir logis matematis siswa diantaranya : Siswa masih kurang dalam pemahaman konsep/materi yang disampaikan guru untuk menyelesaikan soal kemampuan berpikir logis, mengalami kesulitan dalam mengerjakan soal kemampuan berpikir logis, siswa masih kurang cermat dalam membaca apa yang diketahui dan ditanyakan dalam soal berpikir logis (Utami,A.K.S, 2021:57).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 516,
"width": 471,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Selain dari kemampuan di atas, pemecahan masalah juga merupakan capaian pembelajaran matematika. Kemampuan pemecahan masalah sangat penting bagi siswa karena dengan siswa mampu menyelesaikan suatu masalah siswa memperoleh pengalaman, menggunakan pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang sudah dimiliki oleh siswa untuk diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari (Elita et al., 2019:447).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 620,
"width": 471,
"height": 119,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis menurut Hasratuddin (2018:29) adalah “Kemampuan untuk mengatasi kesulitan bermatematika dengan menggabungkan konsep - konsep dan aturan-aturan matematika yang telah diperoleh sebelumnya untuk mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan” (Hasanah et al., 2021). Pemecahan masalah matematika adalah suatu usaha siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah khusus pada matematika dalam (Rahmatiya & Miatun, 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 788,
"width": 348,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Copyright @ Yurni Kristina Pakpahan, Hardi Tambunan, Tutiarny Naibaho",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 39,
"width": 472,
"height": 222,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "(Nugraha & Basuki, 2021:235) menyatakan bahwa “Kemampuan pemecahan masalah yang dimiliki siswa masih tergolong rendah”. Rendahnya pem ecahan masalah matematis siswa yaitu diperoleh dari penelitian (Nurkhalipah & Ramlah, 2019:335), menunjukkan bahwa siswa memperoleh hasil tes kemampuan pemecahan masalahnya sebesar 7,1% berada pada kategori cukup, 17,9% berada pada kategori kurang dan 75,0% berada pada kategori kurang sekali. Terdapat beberapa penyebab rendahnya kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa diantaranya : Siswa kurang mampu menyelesaikan soal pemecahan masalah (Sopian & Afriansyah, 2017:97), Dalam pembelajaran guru tidak pernah mengorientasikan siswa pada suatu masalah sehari-hari yang dekat dengan kehidupan siswa dan tidak memperhatikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa.(Suryani et al., 2020:119).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 267,
"width": 471,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Kemampuan berpikir logis dan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa penting untuk dikembangkan, karena merupakan tujuan dari pembelajaran matematika itu sendiri dan juga menjadi salah satu tolak ukur keberhasilan dalam dunia pendidikan saat pembelajaran. Menurut Firmansyah(2015: 37) bahwa “Hasil belajar adalah kemampuan -kemampuan yang telah dimiliki oleh siswa setelah ia mengalami proses belajarnya”. Hasil belajar dapat diartikan sebagai hasil yang diperoleh siswa setelah menyelesaikan suatu paket belajar tertentu yang dapat dicapai dalam berbagai bentuk melalui evaluasi. Zulkardi dalam (Riadi & Edy, 2016:59) menyatakan bahwa:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 433,
"width": 471,
"height": 119,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Hasil belajar matematika peserta didik yang rendah disebabkan oleh banyak hal, seperti kurikulum yang padat, media belajar yang kurang efektif, strategi dan metode pembelajaran yang dipilih guru kurang tepat, kemampuan guru yang kurang dapat membangkitkan motivasi belajar siswa, atau juga karena pendekatan pembelajaran yang masih bersifat konvensional sehingga peserta didik tidak banyak terlibat dalam proses pembelajaran (Pratiwi et al., 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 558,
"width": 471,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Namun pada kenyataannya hasil belajar matematika siswa dihadapkan dalam suatu masalah rendahnya hasil belajar matematika siswa. hal ini sesuai dengan pendapat Siagian,Pangaribuan,&Silaban(2020: 1363). Penyebab rendahnya hasil belajar matematika yaitu kurangnya minat siswa dalam mengikuti pelajaran matematika dan siswa beranggapan bahwa matematika adalah mata pelajaran yang sulit (Nabilah&Abadi, 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 662,
"width": 471,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Salah satu materi pelajaran matematika yang diajarkan di SMP yaitu sistem persamaan linear dua variabel (SPLDV). Materi tersebut diajarkan pada murid kelas VIII Kurikulum 2013 . Materi SPLDV memiliki berbagai hubungan terhadap kehidupan sehari-hari. Contohnya yaitu siswa menggunakan konsep SPLDV untuk menyelesaikan soal cerita mengenai permasalahan sehari-hari yang berhubungan dengan SPLDV, sehingga dengan mempelajari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 788,
"width": 348,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Copyright @ Yurni Kristina Pakpahan, Hardi Tambunan, Tutiarny Naibaho",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 39,
"width": 471,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "SPLDV dapat menunjang siswa untuk memecahkah permasalahannya dalam kehidupan sehari- hari.Menurut Tam bunan (2014 : 36) bahwa “Masalah dalam matematika adalah suatu soal cerita yang tidak ada aturan tertentu untuk segera dapat digunakan menyelesaikannya”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 101,
"width": 471,
"height": 119,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Namun, faktanya banyak siswa yang masih mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami konsep SPLDV. Berdasarkan penelitian puspitasari (Maspupah & Purnama, 2020: 237) kesulitan yang di hadapi siswa pada materi SPLDV adalah mengganti soal cerita kedalam bentuk matematika, juga menentukan dan memisalkan variabel. Siswa belum bisa menjawab soal karena kurangnya ketelitian dalam mencermati permasalahan soal (Aripin et al., 2021:501).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 226,
"width": 497,
"height": 118,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Oleh karena itu, guru perlu mendampingi dan mengarahkan murid sehingga dapat mengerti bagaimana kemampuan murid dalam memecahkan permasalahan. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, peneliti tertarik dalam melaksanakan penelitian yang berjudul “Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Logis dan Pemec ahan Masalah terhadap Hasil Belajar Aspek Kognitif Siswa dalam Materi Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel Pada Siswa Kelas VIII SMP N 1 Pangaribuan”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 254,
"top": 371,
"width": 114,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 392,
"width": 81,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Jenis Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 413,
"width": 471,
"height": 118,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif . Menurut (Sugiyono 2017:8) bahwa metode penelitian kuantitatif adalah metode pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen penelitian, analisis data bersifat kuantitatif statistik deskriptif dengan tujuan untuk mengajukan hipotesis yang telah ditetapkan. Pendekatan kuantitatif ini digunakan oleh peneliti untuk mengukur tingkat keberhasilan dalam pengaruh kemampuan berpikir logis dan pemecahan masalah matematika terhadap hasil belajar kognitif siswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 537,
"width": 155,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 558,
"width": 471,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMP N 1 Pangaribuan kelas VIII Tahun Ajaran 2023/2024 alasan peneliti memilih lokasi penelitian ini adalah karena diperoleh informasi bahwa hasil belajar siswa pada pelajaran matematika di kelas VIII kurang maksimal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 641,
"width": 111,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Populasi dan Sampel",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 662,
"width": 471,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Berdasarkan penelitian maka populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP N 1 Pangaribuan yang terdiri dari 8 (Delapan) kelas dengan jumlah 250 orang. Adapun Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah sampling acak sederhana (cluster random sampling). Sampel dalam penelitian ini diambil satu kelas dari seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP N 1 Pangaribuan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 788,
"width": 348,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Copyright @ Yurni Kristina Pakpahan, Hardi Tambunan, Tutiarny Naibaho",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 39,
"width": 112,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Instrument Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 60,
"width": 471,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes kemampuan menyelesaikan soal berbentuk essay/uraia n. Menurut Sugiyono (2019:156) bahwa ”Instrumen penelitian adalah suatu alat yang digunakan mengukur fenomena alam maupun sosial yang diamati”. Sebelum tes digunakan pada sampel maka terlebih dahulu di uji coba untuk melihat validitas, reliabilitas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 163,
"width": 105,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Teknik Analisis Data",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 184,
"width": 471,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Analisis data digunakan untuk mengolah data yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian. Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk menjawab rumusan masalah dan hipotesis dalam penelitian ini",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 240,
"top": 246,
"width": 141,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 267,
"width": 205,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Deskripsi Uji Coba Instrumen Penelitian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 288,
"width": 471,
"height": 181,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Sebelum tes penelitian diberikan kepada sampel penelitian, terlebih dahulu diujicobakan ke responden lain yang tidak ikut sebagai sampel penelitian. Dalam penelitian ini, instrumen tes diujicobakan ke kelas IX4 SMP Negeri 1 Pangaribuan tahun pelajaran 2023/2024 dengan jumlah siswa 32 orang. Dengan menggunakan rumus korelasi Product Momen untuk mencari validitas dengan ketentuan jika r hitung > r tabel maka butir tes tersebut valid pada taraf ∝ =0,5 dengan n= 32 maka hasil perhitungan validitas secara lengkapnya dengan bantuan komputer program MS EXCEL. Dari 6 item tes yang dirancang, berdasarkan data diperoleh bahwa semua item tes valid. Jadi Tes kemampuan Berpikir Logis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak adalah 6 item soal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 155,
"top": 496,
"width": 311,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Tabel 1. Hasil Validitas Butir Kemampuan Berpikir Logis (X 1 ) No r hitung r tabel Kesimpualan 1 0.5382 0,349 Valid 2 0.5006 0,349 Valid 3 0.6695 0,349 Valid 4 0.4233 0,349 Valid 5 0.5645 0,349 Valid 6 0.507 0,349 Valid",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 666,
"width": 471,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Dengan menggunakan rumus korelasi Product Momen untuk mencari validitas dengan ketentuan jika r hitung > r tabel maka butir tes tersebut valid pada taraf ∝ =0,5 dengan n= 32 maka hasil perhitungan validitas secara lengkapnya dengan bantuan komputer program MS EXCEL dapat dilihat pada tabel. Hasil validitas untuk tiap butir Tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 788,
"width": 348,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Copyright @ Yurni Kristina Pakpahan, Hardi Tambunan, Tutiarny Naibaho",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 134,
"top": 39,
"width": 350,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Tabel 2. Hasil Validitas Butir Kemampuan Pemecahan masalah (X¬2)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 182,
"top": 60,
"width": 256,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "No r hitung r tabel Kesimpualan 1 0.771092 0,349 Valid 2 0.898003 0,349 Valid",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 145,
"width": 471,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Dari 2 item tes yang dirancang, berdasarkan Tabel diperoleh bahwa semua item tes valid. Jadi Tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak adalah 2 item soal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 207,
"width": 474,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Dengan menggunakan rumus Alpha maka berdasarkan perhitungan pada Lampiran 11 diperoleh rhitung = 0,556636 dan rtabel = 0,349 = 0,05. Ternyata rhitung > rtabel atau 0,556636 > 0,349 sehingga tes kemampuan Pemecahan masalah yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian adalah reliabel.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 311,
"width": 319,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Tabel 3. Ringkasan Reliabelitas tes Kemampuan Berpikir Logis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 210,
"top": 332,
"width": 202,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "r hitung r tabel Kesimpulan 0.556636 0.349 Reliabel",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 397,
"width": 470,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Berdasarkan tingkat perhitungan dengan kriteria soal dikatakan sukar Jika TK ≤ 0,03, Soal dikatakan sedang jika 0,31 ≥ TK ≤ 0,70, dikatakan mudah jika",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 417,
"top": 417,
"width": 50,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "TK ≥ 0,71.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 459,
"width": 351,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Tabel 4. Ringkasan Kesukaran tes Kemampuan Pemecahan masalah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 178,
"top": 480,
"width": 267,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "No Soal rata- rata Kesukaran Kesimpulan 1 6.81 0.68 Sedang 2 5.63 0.56 Sedang",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 565,
"width": 471,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan daya pembeda butir tes dengan kriteria soal dikatakan sangan baik jika 0,70 < DP < 1,00, Soal dikatakan baik jika 0,40< DP < 0,70, soal dikatakan cukup jika 0,20 < DP < 0,40, soal dikatakan buruk jika 0,00 < DP < 00,20 dan soal dikatakan sangat buruk jika 0 < 0,00.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 110,
"top": 648,
"width": 380,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Tabel 5. Ringkasan Daya Pembeda tes Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 669,
"width": 446,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "No soal Mean Kelas Atas Mean Kelas Bawah Daya Beda Kriteria 1 8.67 4.22 0.44 Baik 2 10.00 1.33 0.87 Sangat baik",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 788,
"width": 348,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Copyright @ Yurni Kristina Pakpahan, Hardi Tambunan, Tutiarny Naibaho",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 39,
"width": 471,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Dengan menggunakan rumus Alpha maka berdasarkan perhitungan diperoleh rhitung = 0,587344 dan rtabel = 0,349 = 0,05. Ternyata rhitung > rtabel atau 0,587344 > 0,349 sehingga tes hasil belajar yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian adalah reliabel.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 189,
"top": 122,
"width": 242,
"height": 79,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Tabel 6. Ringkasan Reliabelitas tes hasil belajar r hitung r tabel Kesimpulan 0.587344 0.349 Reliabel",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 208,
"width": 470,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Berdasarkan tingkat perhitungan dengan kriteria soal dikatakan sukar Jika TK ≤ 0,03, Soal dikatakan sedang jika 0,31 ≥ TK ≤ 0,70, dikatakan mudah jika TK ≥ 0,71.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 170,
"top": 270,
"width": 281,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Tabel 7. Ringkasan Kesukaran tes hasil belajar No Soal rata- rata Kesukaran Kesimpulan 1 6.94 0.69 sedang 2 5.50 0.55 sedang",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 376,
"width": 471,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan daya pembeda butir tes dengan kriteria soal dikatakan sangan baik jika 0,70 < DP < 1,00, Soal dikatakan baik jika 0,40< DP < 0,70, soal dikatakan cukup jika 0,20 < DP < 0,40, soal dikatakan buruk jika 0,00 < DP < 00,20 dan soal dikatakan sangat buruk jika 0 < 0,00.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 70,
"top": 480,
"width": 442,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Tabel 8. Ringkasan Daya Pembeda tes hasil belajar no soal Mean Kelas Atas Mean Kelas Bawah Daya Beda Kriteria 1 9.11 4.22 0.49 Baik 2 9.33 1.33 0.80 Sangat baik",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 565,
"width": 69,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Analisis Data",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 585,
"width": 471,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Analisis data yang digunakan adalah menghitung koefisien kolerasi dan koefisien determinasi. Koefisien kolerasi bertujuan untuk menjawab hipotesis yang telah dirumuskan di bab 3 dan koefisien determinasi bertujuan untuk mengetahui besar hubungan yang dirumuskan di rumusan masalah di bab 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 689,
"width": 102,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Rumusan Hipotesis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 710,
"width": 463,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "1) Ada hubungan kemampuan berpikir logis terhadap hasil belajar aspek kognitif siswa pada materi SPLDV.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 788,
"width": 348,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Copyright @ Yurni Kristina Pakpahan, Hardi Tambunan, Tutiarny Naibaho",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 39,
"width": 464,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "2) Ada hubungan kemampuan pemecahan masalah terhadap hasil belajar belajar aspek kognitif siswa pada materi SPLDV.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 80,
"width": 463,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "3) Ada hubungan kemampuan berpikir logis dan pemecahan masalah terhadap hasil belajar aspek kognitif siswa pada materi SPLDV.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 143,
"width": 93,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Koefisien Korelasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 163,
"width": 471,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Koefisien kolerasi bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nilai kekuatan hubungan antar variabel. Dimana hasilnya dapat memperlihatkan kekuatan hubungan, signifikansi hubungan, dan arah hubungan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 226,
"width": 474,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Untuk menguji hipotesis yang diajukan dilakukan dengan uji koefisien korelasi sederhana dan koefisien korelasi ganda yaitu :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 288,
"width": 242,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Koefisien Korelasi antara Variabel X 1 dengan Y",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 309,
"width": 472,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Dengan menggunakan korelasi Pruduct Moment dari perhitungan pada Lampiran 15 diperoleh r = 0,7775. Koefisien korelasi ini dikonsultasikan terhadap harga r tabel pada taraf signifikan = 0,05 dengan jumlah sampel n = 32 diperoleh r tabel = 0,349. Ternyata r hitung > r tabel atau 0,7775 > 0,349. Dengan demikian disimpulkan bahwa koefisien korelasi variabel X 1 terhadap Y adalah signifikan sehingga hipotesis Ho ditolak dan menerima hipotesis Ha, artinya hipotesis yang menyatakan “ada hubungan yang positif kemampuan berpikir lo gis (X 1 ) terhadap hasil belajar aspek kognitif (Y)” dapat diterima.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 475,
"width": 241,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Koefisien Korelasi antara Variabel X 2 dengan Y",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 496,
"width": 472,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Dengan menggunakan korelasi Pruduct Moment dari perhitungan diperoleh r = 0,7823. Koefisien korelasi ini dikonsultasikan terhadap harga r tabel pada taraf signifikan = 0,05 dengan jumlah sampel n = 32 diperoleh r tabel = 0,349. Ternyata r hitung > r tabel atau 0,7823 > 0,349. Dengan demikian disimpulkan bahwa koefisien korelasi variabel X 1 terhadap Y adalah signifikan sehingga hipotesis Ho ditolak dan menerima hipotesis Ha, artinya hipotesis yang menyatakan “ada hubungan yang positif kemampuan pemecahan masalah (X 2 ) terhadap hasil belajar aspek kognitif (Y)” dapat diterima.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 662,
"width": 255,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Koefisien Korelasi antara Variabel X 1, X 2 dengan Y",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 682,
"width": 471,
"height": 79,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Dengan menggunakan korelasi Pruduct Moment dari perhitungan pada Lampiran 15 diperoleh r = 0,8358. Koefisien korelasi ini dikonsultasikan terhadap harga r tabel pada taraf signifikan = 0,05 dengan jumlah sampel n = 32 diperoleh r tabel = 0,349. Ternyata r hitung > r tabel atau 0,8358 > 0,349. Dengan demikian disimpulkan bahwa koefisien korelasi variabel X 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 788,
"width": 348,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Copyright @ Yurni Kristina Pakpahan, Hardi Tambunan, Tutiarny Naibaho",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 39,
"width": 471,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "dan X 2 terhadap Y adalah signifikan sehingga hipotesis Ho ditolak dan menerima hipotesis Ha, artinya hipotesis yang menyatakan “ada hubungan yang positif kemampuan berpikir logis (X 1 ) dan pemecahan masalah (X 2) terhadap hasil belajar aspek kognitif (Y)” dapat diterima.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 143,
"width": 114,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Koefisien Determinasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 163,
"width": 471,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Uji koefisien determinasi bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar hubungan variabel yaitu kemampuan berpikir logis matematis (X 1 ) dan pemecahan masalah siswa (X 2 ) terhadap variabel Y yaitu hasil belajar aspek kognitif siswa yang telah dinyatakan dalam rumusan masalah (Nurmaya G et al., 2023).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 267,
"width": 261,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Koefisien Detreminasi antara Variabel X 1 dengan Y",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 288,
"width": 472,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Berdasarkan Perhitungan diperoleh Koefisien determinasi (R 2 ) sebesar 60%. Hal itu berarti besar hubungan kemampuan berpikir logis dengan hasil belajar aspek kognitif sebesar 60%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 371,
"width": 262,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Koefisien Detreminasi antara Variabel X 2 dengan Y",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 392,
"width": 472,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Berdasarkan Perhitungan diperoleh Koefisien determinasi (R 2 ) sebesar 61%. Hal itu berarti besar hubungan kemampuan pemecahan masalah dengan hasil belajar aspek kognitif sebesar 61%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 475,
"width": 472,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Koefisien Detreminasi antara Variabel X 1 dan X2 dengan Y Berdasarkan perhitungan diperoleh koefisien determinasi (R 2 ) sebesar 70 % . Hal itu berarti besar hubungan kemampuan berpikir logis dan pemecahan masalah terhadap hasil belajar aspek kognitif sebesar 70%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 579,
"width": 151,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 599,
"width": 471,
"height": 100,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang dilakukan dengan uji r perhitungan koefesien korelasi X 1 dengan Y diperoleh r hitung = 0,7775 sehingga hubungan variabel X 1 dan variabel Y dinyatakan memiliki hubungan korelasi yang berkategori tinggi berdasarkan kriteria Product Moment. Maka, kedua variabel tersebut memiliki hubungan yang positif antara variabel X 1 dan Y (Batubara, 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 703,
"width": 471,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan kemampuan berpikir logis terhadap hasil belajar aspek kognitif siswa pada materi SPLDV.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 788,
"width": 348,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Copyright @ Yurni Kristina Pakpahan, Hardi Tambunan, Tutiarny Naibaho",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 39,
"width": 471,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Hasil penelitian ini sesuai dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Andriwan. (2018) yang berjudul ” Identifik asi kemampuan berpikir logis dalam pemecahan masalah matematika pada siswa kelas VIII-1 SMP Negeri 2 Sidoarjo.menyatakan peserta didik yang berkemampuan matematika yang tinggi memiliki kemampuan berpikir logis yang tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 122,
"width": 471,
"height": 79,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Perhitungan koefisien korelasi X 2 dengan Y diperoleh r hitung = 0,7823 sehingga hubungan variabel X 2 dan variabel Y dinyatakan memiliki hubungan korelasi yang berkategori tinggi berdasarkan kriteria Product Moment. Maka, kedua variabel tersebut memiliki hubungan yang signifikan antara variabel X 1 dan Y (Zulvira & Desyandri, 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 205,
"width": 471,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan kemampuan pemecahan masalah terhadap hasil belajar aspek kognitif siswa pada materi SPLDV.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 246,
"width": 472,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Perhitungan koefisien korelasi X 1 ,X 2 dengan Y diperoleh r hitung = 0,8358 sehingga hubungan variabel X 1 ,X 2 dan variabel Y dinyatakan memiliki hubungan korelasi yang berkategori sangat tinggi berdasarkan kriteria Product Moment. Maka, kedua variabel tersebut memiliki hubungan yang positif antara variabel X 1 dan Y (Oktiningrum & Putri, 2023).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 350,
"width": 471,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan kemampuan berpikir logis dan pemecahan masalah terhadap hasil belajar aspek kognitif siswa pada materi SPLDV (Devine et al., 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 413,
"width": 471,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Selanjutnya berdasarkan perhitungan koefisien kolerasinya diperoleh besar hubungan kemampuan berpikir logis dengan hasil belajar aspek kognitif diperoleh sebesar 60%. Dengan demikian dapat dinyatakan bahwa hubungan kemampuan berpikir logis dengan hasil belajar aspek kognitif siswa pada materi SPLDV sebesar 60%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 496,
"width": 471,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "besar hubungan kemampuan pemecahan masalah dengan hasil belajar aspek kognitif diperoleh sebesar 61%. Dengan demikian dapat dinyatakan bahwa hubungan kemampuan pemecahan masalah dengan hasil belajar aspek kognitif siswa pada materi SPLDV sebesar 61% (Schreiter et al., 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 579,
"width": 471,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "besar hubungan kemampuan berpikir logis dan pemecahan masalah dengan hasil belajar aspek kognitif diperoleh sebesar 70%. Dengan demikian dapat dinyatakan bahwa hubungan kemampuan berpikir logis dan pemecahan masalah dengan hasil belajar aspek kognitif siswa pada materi SPLDV sebesar 70%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 788,
"width": 348,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Copyright @ Yurni Kristina Pakpahan, Hardi Tambunan, Tutiarny Naibaho",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 281,
"top": 39,
"width": 60,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "SIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 60,
"width": 471,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis statistic penelitian di kelas VIII-1 SMP N 1 Pangaribuan pada materi SPLDV T. A 2023/2024 dan pengujian hipotesis maka dapat diambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 122,
"width": 471,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "1. Ada hubungan kemampuan berpikir logis terhadap hasil belajar aspek kognitif siswa dalam matematika.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 163,
"width": 471,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "2. Hubungan kemampuan berpikir logis terhadap hasil belajar aspek kognitif siswa dalam matematika sebesar 60%.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 205,
"width": 471,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "3. Ada hubungan kemampuan Pemecahan masalah terhadap hasil belajar aspek kognitif siswa dalam matematika.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 246,
"width": 471,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "4. Hubungan kemampuan pemecahan masalah terhadap hasil belajar aspek kognitif siswa dalam matematika sebesar 61%.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 288,
"width": 471,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "5. Ada hubungan kemampuan berpikir logis dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah terhadap hasil belajar aspek kognitif siswa dalam matematika.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 329,
"width": 471,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "6. Hubungan kemampuan berpikir logis dan pemecahan masalah terhadap hasil belajar aspek kognitif siswa dalam matematika sebesar 70 %.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 262,
"top": 392,
"width": 98,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 413,
"width": 471,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Aripin, U., Faudziah, L., Sri Rizky, E., Maryanasari, R., Nuryatin, S., Siliwangi, I., Terusan Jenderal Sudirman, J., & Barat, J. (2021). Identifikasi Penyelesaian Soal Bangun Ruang Sisi Lengkung Ditinjau Berdasarkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa Sekolah Dasar. COLLASE (Creative of Learning Students Elementary Education), 4(4), 501 – 509.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 515,
"width": 471,
"height": 79,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Badriah, L., & Maaruf, Z. (2018). Analysis of Student ’ S Logical Thinking Ability By a Contextual Approach on Sound Material in 8 Th Grade Smp Negeri 40 Pekanbaru Pendekatan Kontekstual Pada Materi Bunyi Di Kelas Viii Smp Negeri 40 Pekanbaru. 5, 1 – 12.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 599,
"width": 471,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Batubara, H. H. (2018). Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Matematika berbasis Android untuk Siswa SD/MI. Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, 3(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.31602/muallimuna.v3i1.952",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 662,
"width": 471,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Devine, A., Hill, F., Carey, E., & Szűcs, D. (2018). Cognitive and emotional math problems largely dissociate: Prevalence of developmental dyscalculia and mathematics anxiety.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 702,
"width": 444,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Journal of Educational Psychology, 110(3), 431 – 444.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 724,
"width": 188,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000222",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 745,
"width": 471,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Elita, G. S., Habibi, M., Putra, A., & Ulandari, N. (2019). Pengaruh Pembelajaran Problem Based",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 788,
"width": 348,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Copyright @ Yurni Kristina Pakpahan, Hardi Tambunan, Tutiarny Naibaho",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 39,
"width": 443,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Learning dengan Pendekatan Metakognisi terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis. Mosharafa: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 8(3), 447 – 458. https://doi.org/10.31980/mosharafa.v8i3.517",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 101,
"width": 471,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Hasanah, U., Safitri, I., Rukiah, R., & Nasution, M. (2021). Menganalisis perkembangan media pembelajaran matematika terhadap hasil belajar berbasis game. Indonesian Journal of Intellectual Publication, 1(3), 204 – 211.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 163,
"width": 472,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Nugraha, M. R., & Basuki, B. (2021). Kesulitan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa SMP di Desa Mulyasari pada Materi Statistika. Plusminus: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 1(2), 235 – 248. https://doi.org/10.31980/plusminus.v1i2.1259",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 226,
"width": 471,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Nurkhalipah, R., & Ramlah. (2019). Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Berdasarkan Tahapan Polya Materi Segiempat Pada Siswa SMP. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Matematika Dan Pendidikan Matematika Sesiomadika 2019, 2(1), 335 – 344.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 288,
"width": 471,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Nurmaya G, A. L., Irsan, I., Suarti, S., Gawise, G., & Cahyani, W. O. A. D. (2023). Analisis Efektivitas Pemanfaatan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis ICT Bagi Guru Sekolah Dasar.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 329,
"width": 443,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "EDUKATIF : JURNAL ILMU PENDIDIKAN, 5(2), 1125 – 1133. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v5i2.4971",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 371,
"width": 471,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Oktiningrum, W., & Putri, A. R. (2023). Pengembangan bahan ajar pocket book berbasis QR Code untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa pada materi sistem peredaran darah manusia di kelas V SD. Cakrawala Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Sains, 1(2). http://repository.uniramalang.ac.id/id/eprint/295",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 454,
"width": 471,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Pinger, P., Rakoczy, K., Besser, M., & Klieme, E. (2018). Implementation of formative assessment – effects of quality of programme delivery on students’ mathematics achievement and interest. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 25(2),",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 516,
"width": 291,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "160 – 182. https://doi.org/10.1080/0969594X.2016.1170665",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 537,
"width": 471,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Pratiwi, A., Fadlilatul Hikmah, Adi Apriadi Adiansha, & Suciyati. (2021). Analisis Penerapan Metode Games Education dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar. JagoMIPA: Jurnal Pendidikan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 578,
"width": 444,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Matematika Dan IPA, 1(1), 36 – 43. https://doi.org/10.53299/jagomipa.v1i1.27",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 620,
"width": 471,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Salsabila, N. H., & Setyaningrum, W. (2019). Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Matematika Berbasis Game: Statistics In Arctic. Mandalika Mathematics and Educations Journal, 1(1), 13 – 25.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 682,
"width": 471,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Schreiter, S., Vogel, M., Rehm, M., & Dörfler, T. (2021). Teachers’ diagnostic judgment regarding the difficulty of fraction tasks: a reconstruction of perceived and processed task characteristics. Research in Subject-Matter Teaching and Learning (RISTAL), 4(1),",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 745,
"width": 46,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "127 – 145.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 788,
"width": 348,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Copyright @ Yurni Kristina Pakpahan, Hardi Tambunan, Tutiarny Naibaho",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 39,
"width": 471,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Siagian, M. D. (2016). Kemampuan koneksi matematik dalam pembelajaran matematika.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 59,
"width": 334,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "MES: Journal of Matematics Education and Science2, 2(1), 58 – 67.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 80,
"width": 471,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "SIREGAR, N., & Purba, J. (2020). Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Berbasis Proyek Pada Materi Asam Dan Basa Di Sekolah Menengah Atas. http://digilib.unimed.ac.id/id/eprint/43140",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 122,
"width": 472,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Suryani, M., Jufri, L. H., & Putri, T. A. (2020). Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa Berdasarkan Kemampuan Awal Matematika. Mosharafa: Jurnal Pendidikan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 163,
"width": 363,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Matematika, 9(1), 119 – 130. https://doi.org/10.31980/mosharafa.v9i1.605",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 184,
"width": 472,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Syahril, R. F., Saragih, S., & Heleni, S. (2021). Development of Mathematics Learning Instrument Using Problem Based Learning Model on the Subject Sequence and Series for Senior High School Grade Xi. Jurnal Prinsip Pendidikan Matematika, 3(1), 9 – 17. https://doi.org/10.33578/prinsip.v3i1.62",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 267,
"width": 471,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Utami, A. K. S. (2021). Analisis Kesulitan Siswa Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Kemampuan Berpikir Logis Matematis. ANARGYA: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Matematika, 4(1), 55 – 61. https://doi.org/10.24176/anargya.v4i1.5762",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 329,
"width": 472,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Utami, A. S. (2017). Analisis Kesalahan Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Cerita Pokok Bahasan Komposisi Fungsi di SMK Bakti Purwokerto. AlphaMath: Journal of Mathematics Education, 3(2), 48 – 56.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 392,
"width": 472,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Wulandari, L., & Fatmahanik, U. (2020). Kemampuan Berpikir Logis Matematis Materi Pecahan pada Siswa Berkemampuan Awal Tinggi. Laplace : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 3(1), 43 – 57. https://doi.org/10.31537/laplace.v3i1.312",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 454,
"width": 471,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 843,
"text": "Zulvira, R., & Desyandri. (2022). PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR INTERAKTIF TEMATIK TERPADU MENGGUNAKAN STEAM BERBASIS LECTORA DI KELAS III SD. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendas, 8(4), 1273 – 1286. https://doi.org/10.31949/jcp.v8i4.3133",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
70e46554-8e4e-0e96-100a-c4918de35a7a | https://www.jurnal-umbuton.ac.id/index.php/Agribisnis/article/download/4670/2378 | [
{
"left": 62,
"top": 43,
"width": 112,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media Agribisnis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 61,
"width": 250,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN: 2527-8479 (Print) & ISSN: 2686-2174 (Online)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 62,
"top": 75,
"width": 176,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume -7| Issue-2| November-2023 |",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 328,
"top": 75,
"width": 208,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.35326/agribisnis.v7i2.4670",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 293,
"top": 756,
"width": 13,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "95",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 99,
"width": 97,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Research Article",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 116,
"width": 463,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kelayakan Ekonomi Usahatani Kopi Robusta di Desa Lowungu Kecamatan Bejen Kabupaten Temanggung",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 160,
"width": 467,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Franscois Michael Young 1* , Bayu Nuswantara 2 1,2 Fakultas Pertanian dan Bisnis, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana Salatiga, Indonesia *Korespondensi: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 215,
"width": 52,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 418,
"top": 215,
"width": 84,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ARTICLE HISTORY",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 227,
"width": 353,
"height": 183,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesia is one of the most agricultural countries in the world. Indonesia is called as an agricultural country because many of its residents work in the agricultural sector. One of the important agricultural sectors for Indonesia is plantations. One of Indonesia's leading plantation commodities is coffee. Coffee is one of the plantation commodities that is very popular with the public. Temanggung Regency is one of the largest coffee producers in Central Java. In practice, not every year coffee production, especially robusta coffee, is very satisfactory. Several obstacles cause coffee productivity to not be optimal, including climate and pests. If these obstacles attack, then coffee production cannot be optimal (most coffee trees do not produce abundant fruit). When this condition continues, an analysis of economic feasibility can be carried out so that coffee farmers can find out whether the farming business they are running is still feasible or not. The research was conducted in Lowungu Village, Bejen District, Temanggung Regency in July - September 2023. The sample used was 52 people taken using simple random sampling. The results of the analysis obtained are: Farming costs amounting to Rp 22.824.463,69; revenue amounting to Rp 61.188.224,02; income of Rp 38.363.760,33; R/C Ratio of 2,68; B/C Ratio of 1,68; Production BEP is 553,58 kg and price BEP is Rp 15.379,92.. Based on the results of the analysis, robusta coffee farming in Lowungu Village, Bejen District,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 411,
"width": 219,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Temanggung Regency was declared suitable for cultivation.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 422,
"width": 188,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: coffee, productivity, economic feasibility",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 418,
"top": 227,
"width": 84,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Received: 23.11.2023 Accepted: 28.11.2023 Published: 30.11.2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 418,
"top": 271,
"width": 81,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ARTICLE LICENCE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 418,
"top": 284,
"width": 112,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright © 2023 The Author(s): This is an open- access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 446,
"width": 47,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 459,
"width": 355,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara agraris yang ada di dunia. Indonesia disebut negara agraris karena banyak penduduknya bekerja di sektor pertanian. Salah satu sektor pertanian yang penting bagi negara Indonesia adalah perkebunan. Salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang menjadi unggulan Indonesia adalah kopi. Kopi merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang sangat digemari masyarakat. Kabupaten Temanggung adalah salah satu produsen kopi terbesar di Jawa Tengah. Pada praktiknya, tidak setiap tahun produksi kopi terutama kopi robusta sangat memuaskan. Terdapat beberapa kendala yang mengakibatkan produktivitas kopi belum optimal diantaranya iklim dan hama. Apabila kendala tersebut menyerang, maka produksi kopi tidak bisa optimal (kebanyakan pohon kopi tidak berbuah lebat). Ketika kondisi ini berjalan terus menerus, Analisa terhadap kelayakan ekonomi dapat dilakukan supaya petani kopi bisa mengetahui apakah usahatani yang dijalankan tetap layak dilakukan atau tidak. Penelittian dilakukan di Desa Lowungu, Kecamatan Bejen, Kabupaten Temanggung pada bulan Juli - September 2023. Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 52 orang yang diambil secara simple random sampling . Hasil analisis yang didapatkan adalah: Biaya usahatani sebesar Rp 22.824.463,69; penerimaan sebesar Rp 61.188.224,02; pendapatan sebesar Rp 38.363.760,33; R/C Ratio sebesar 2,68; B/C Ratio sebesar 1,68; BEP Produksi sebesar 553,58 dan BEP harga sebesar Rp 15.379,92. Berdasarkan hasil analisis maka usahatani kopi robusta di Desa Lowungu, Kecamatan Bejen, Kabupaten Temanggung dinyatakan layak untuk diusahakan.",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 677,
"width": 200,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci: kopi, produktivitas, kelayakan ekonomi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 43,
"width": 73,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 429,
"top": 43,
"width": 102,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 2: 95-106",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 293,
"top": 782,
"width": 13,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "96",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 85,
"width": 104,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 . Latar Belakang",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 107,
"width": 485,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Salah satu komoditas perkebunan di Indonesia yang memiliki kontribusi nyata bagi perekonomian adalah kopi. Persentase kopi Indonesia yang diekspor mencapai 67% sedangkan persentase kopi untuk kebutuhan dalam negeri senilai 33% (Rahardjo, 2017). Jenis kopi yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia adalah arabika dan robusta. Produksi kopi robusta mencapai 83% sedangkan produksi kopi arabika sebesar 17%%. Kopi robusta menjadi jenis kopi yang paling banyak ditanam dan diusahakan di Indonesia(Cristiana et al ., 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 209,
"width": 485,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam rentang waktu 2001-2017, produktivitas kopi robusta Indonesia hanya mencapai 689,82 kg/ha. Produktivitas kopi robusta di Indonesia relatif rendah apabila diberi komparasi dengan produktivitas kopi robusta di negara lain, misalnya di Vietnam yang memiliki produktivitas mencapai 1.542 kg/ha. Produktivitas kopi sejatinya masih bisa ditingkatkan karena iklim di Indonesia yang sangat cocok untuk budidaya kopi (Pertanian, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 298,
"width": 485,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Beberapa daerah penghasil kopi yang cukup besar, diantaranya Sumatera, Jawa, dan Sulawesi. Pada daerah Pulau Jawa, Provinsi Jawa Timur merupakan penghasil kopi tertinggi lalu diikuti Provinsi Jawa Tengah dan Provinsi Jawa Barat. Pada tahun 2022, Provinsi Jawa Tengah memiliki produksi kopi sebesar 26,9 ribu ton. Kabupaten Temanggung adalah salah satu sentra penghasil kopi di Provinsi Jawa Tengah (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2023).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 387,
"width": 485,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kecamatan Bejen di Kabupaten Temanggung adalah salah satu kecamatan penghasil biji kopi di wilayah Jawa Tengah. Berdasarkan data yang diunggah oleh (Temanggung (2023), Kecamatan Bejen mempunyai lahan sebesar 3.232 ha yang ditanami kopi robusta. Dari data tersebut bisa diketahui jika kopi robusta merupakan jenis kopi yang banyak ditanam di Kecamatan Bejen. Lahan kopi robusta terluas di Kabupaten Temanggung pada tahun 2022 juga dimiliki oleh Kecamatan Bejen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 476,
"width": 485,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Produktivitas kopi di wilayah Bejen pada tahun 2022 sebesar 0,85 ton/ha, sehingga produktivitas kopi ini masih dikatakan belum optimal. Produktivitas kopi di Indonesia sejatinya dapat mencapai potensi tertinggi mencapai 1,2 ton/ha (Tania et al ., 2019). Ada beberapa faktor yang mengakibatkan produktivitas kopi tidak bisa optimal. Beberapa faktor tersebut adalah faktor hama dan penyakit, serta iklim (Syakir & Surmaini, 2017). Hal ini bisa mengakibatkan adanya tanaman kopi tidak bisa memiliki buah kopi yang banyak, bahkan ada yang tidak muncul buahnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 578,
"width": 485,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Produktivitas kopi robusta yang masih rendah ini menyebabkan pendapatan petani juga belum optimal. Pendapatan petani kopi yang belum optimal ini menyebabkan timbulnya pertanyaan terkait kelayakan dari usahatani kopi robusta di Kecamatan Bejen dalam memenuhi kebutuhan keluarga di masa depan. Analisis kelayakan ekonomi perlu dilakukan agar usahatani kopi ini dapat berlanjut apabila memiliki hasil yang baik. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah guna menganalisis kelayakan ekonomi usahatani kopi robusta di Desa Lowungu, Kecamatan Bejen, Kabupaten Temanggung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 681,
"width": 104,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Kerangka Teori",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 701,
"width": 95,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.1 Kopi Robusta",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 720,
"width": 485,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kopi robusta ( Coffea canephora ) adalah suatu jenis tanaman kopi. Nama kopi “robusta” diambil dari istilah berbahasa Inggris yaitu kata “ robust ” serta mengandung arti kata “kuat” (Panggabean, 2011). Kopi robusta memang memiliki ketahanan dari banyak",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 43,
"width": 73,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 429,
"top": 43,
"width": 102,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 2: 95-106",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 293,
"top": 782,
"width": 13,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "97",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 87,
"width": 485,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "penyakit dan perubahan lingkungan, sangat cepat berkembang, dan memiliki sifat unggul. Kopi robusta merupakan jenis kopi yang sering dibudidayakan oleh petani di wilayah Jawa Tengah (Riastuti et al ., 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 134,
"width": 103,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.2 Biaya Produksi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 154,
"width": 485,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Biaya yang dikeluarkan guna melangsungkan kebutuhan operasional berupa barang maupun jasa bisa disebut biaya produksi (Wanda, 2015). Biaya juga bisa diartikan sebagai uang yang dikeluarkan untuk memproduksi sejumlah produk dalam sebuah periode. Nilai biaya yang berupa uang kelak digunakan untuk membeli masukan (input) produksi yang habis digunakan seperti pupuk, bibit/benih, pestisida dan alat-alat produksi (Syafruwardi & Fajeri, 2012).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 243,
"width": 485,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam usahatani, dikenal dua jenis biaya yaitu biaya tetap dan biaya variabel. Biaya yang dikeluarkan guna memperoleh faktor-faktor produksi yang jumlahnya tetap atau biaya ini tidak dipengaruhi oleh jumlah keluaran ( output) yang didapatkan disebut dengan biaya tetap, contoh: biaya sewa lahan. Sedangkan biaya yang dikeluarkan oleh petani dan jumlahnya berbeda-beda sesuai output yang didapatkan disebut biaya variabel, contohnya: pupuk, bibit, biaya tenaga kerja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 332,
"width": 91,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.3 Penerimaan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 351,
"width": 485,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil yang didapatkan dari penjualan output disebut dengan penerimaan ( revenue ). Hasil produksi atau jumlah produksi usahatani dapat memengaruhi penerimaan yang didapat oleh petani. Hasil produksi dapat ditingkatkan apabila setiap tambahan produksi membuat jumlah penerimaan bertambah (Boediono, 2002).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 413,
"width": 88,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.4 Pendapatan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 432,
"width": 485,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil pengurangan dari total penerimaan ( total revenue ) dengan biaya produksi total ( total cost ) disebut pendapatan usahatani. Pendapatan usahatani juga dibedakan sebagai pendapatan kotor dan pendapatan bersih. Pendapatan kotor yaitu semua pendapatan yang didapatkan petani dalam satu tahun yang berasal dari pertukaran hasil produksi maupun dari hasil penjualan dan diukur dalam rupiah. Sedangkan seluruh pendapatan yang didapatkan petani selama satu tahun dan dikurangi biaya produksi dinamakan pendapatan bersih (Soekartawi, 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 535,
"width": 181,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.5 Analisis Kelayakan Usahatani",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 555,
"width": 485,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suatu cara yang dilakukan guna melihat layak atau tidaknya suatu jenis usaha dengan memperhatikan batas atau kriteria tertentu disebut analisis kelayakan usahatani. Sebuah usaha dibilang layak apabila dapat menutup semua segala pengeluaran (biaya tetap dan variabel). Beberapa alat analisis kelayakan yang dapat digunakan untuk menilai sebuah kelayakan usaha diantaranya adalah: R/C Ratio , B/C Ratio, dan Break Even Point (Waldi, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 663,
"width": 119,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Metode Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 697,
"width": 182,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.1 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 717,
"width": 485,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Desa Lowungu, Kecamatan Bejen, Kabupaten Temanggung merupakah lokasi yang digunakan. Tempat atau lokasi penelitian dipilih secara sengaja ( purposive ) karena lokasi penelitian adalah salah satu sentra penghasil kopi robusta di Kecamatan Bejen. Penelitian kurang lebih dilakukan selama 2 bulan dari bulan Juli – September 2023.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 43,
"width": 73,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 429,
"top": 43,
"width": 102,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 2: 95-106",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 293,
"top": 782,
"width": 13,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "98",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 107,
"width": 183,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.2 Penentuan Sampel Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 127,
"width": 485,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Populasi petani kopi robusta di Desa Lowungu berjumlah 109 jiwa. Jumlah sampel penelitian dihitung menggunakan rumus Slovin, dengan sampel ditetapkan sebanyak 52 jiwa. Sampel yang akan diambil datanya dipilih secara acak sederhana ( simple random sampling ).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 208,
"width": 105,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.3 Teknik Analisis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 227,
"width": 131,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Biaya Total Produksi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 247,
"width": 485,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penjumlahan antara biaya tetap dengan biaya variabel disebut biaya total. Perhitungan biaya total dapat menggunakan rumus berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 252,
"top": 281,
"width": 94,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "TC = TVC + TFC",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 295,
"width": 171,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keterangan : TC : Biaya total (Rp) TVC : Biaya variabel total(Rp) TFC : Biaya tetap total(Rp)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 356,
"width": 136,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Penerimaan Produksi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 375,
"width": 485,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penerimaan produksi ialah perkalian antara harga jual per unit dengan jumlah produk yang dihasilkan. Perhitungan penerimaan produksi dapat menggunakan rumus berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 268,
"top": 409,
"width": 63,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "TR = P x Q",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 423,
"width": 364,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keterangan : TR : Jumlah keseluruhan penerimaan usahatani kopi (Rp) P : Harga jual kopi/kg (Rp/kg) Q : Jumlah produksi kopi pe/ha (kg)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 498,
"width": 139,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Pendapatan Produksi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 518,
"width": 485,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendapatan produksi yaitu hasil pengurangan antara penerimaan produksi dengan biaya total. Perhitungan suatu pendapatan produksi bisa dilihat dengan rumus seperti ini:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 265,
"top": 549,
"width": 68,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " = TR – TC",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 566,
"width": 328,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keterangan : : Pendapatan usahatani kopi (Rp) TR : Jumlah keseluruhan penerimaan usahatani kopi (Rp)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 608,
"width": 210,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "TC : Biaya total usahatani kopi (Rp)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 628,
"width": 191,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Revenue Cost Ratio ( R/C Ratio )",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 648,
"width": 485,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perbandingan atau hasil bagi dari total penerimaan dengan total biaya disebut R/C Ratio (Hanum et al ., 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 259,
"top": 679,
"width": 77,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "R/C Ratio = 𝑇𝑅",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 325,
"top": 692,
"width": 10,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "𝑇𝐶",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 702,
"width": 69,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keterangan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 716,
"width": 328,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "TR : Jumlah keseluruhan penerimaan usahatani kopi (Rp)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 729,
"width": 210,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "TC : Biaya total usahatani kopi (Rp)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 43,
"width": 73,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 429,
"top": 43,
"width": 102,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 2: 95-106",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 293,
"top": 782,
"width": 13,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "99",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 87,
"width": 197,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Parameter Pengambilan Keputusan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 107,
"width": 400,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. R/C lebih dari 1, artinya usahatani kopi robusta layak untuk diusahakan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 127,
"width": 440,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. R/C kurang dari 1, artinya usahatani kopi robusta tidak layak untuk diusahakan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 146,
"width": 485,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. R/C sama dengan 1, artinya usahatani kopi robusta berada pada titik impas atau tidak rugi dan tidak untung",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 180,
"width": 181,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Benefit Cost Ratio ( B/C Ratio )",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 200,
"width": 485,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perbandingan atau hasil bagi dari pendapatan suatu usaha dengan biaya total yang telah dikeluarkan disebut B/C Ratio (Suratiyah, 2015).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 260,
"top": 227,
"width": 73,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B/C Ratio = ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 325,
"top": 243,
"width": 10,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "𝑇𝐶",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 252,
"width": 247,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keterangan: : Total keuntungan yang diperoleh (Rp)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 281,
"width": 210,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "TC : Biaya total usahatani kopi (Rp)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 320,
"width": 197,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Parameter Pengambilan Keputusan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 340,
"width": 432,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. B/C lebih dari 1, artinya suatu usahatani kopi robusta layak untuk diusahakan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 360,
"width": 472,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. B/C kurang dari 1, artinya suatu usahatani kopi robusta tidak layak untuk diusahakan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 380,
"width": 485,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. B/C sama dengan 1, artinya suatu usahatani kopi robusta berada pada titik impas atau tidak rugi dan tidak untung",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 413,
"width": 146,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. BEP ( Break Even Point )",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 433,
"width": 485,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teknik analisia guna melihat jumlah barang atau jumlah jasa yang harus dijual kepada pembeli dalam suatu tingkatan harga tertentu guna menutup pengeluaran dan menghasilkan laba atau keuntungan disebut BEP ( Break Even Point) (Soekartawi, 2016). a. Rumus BEP Produksi :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 498,
"width": 304,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BEP Produksi = 𝑇𝐶 𝑃 Keterangan : TC : Biaya total usahatani kopi (Rp) P : Harga jual produk (kopi) per kg",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 582,
"width": 197,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Parameter Pengambilan Keputusan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 601,
"width": 485,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Apabila jumlah BEP Produksi kurang dari Jumlah Produksi, maka posisi usahatani berada pada titik menguntungkan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 635,
"width": 485,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Apabila jumlah BEP Produksi sama dengan Jumlah Produksi, maka posisi usahatani berada pada titik impas.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 669,
"width": 485,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Apabila jumlah BEP Produksi lebih dari Jumlah Produksi, maka posisi usahatani berada pada titik merugikan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 722,
"width": 126,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Rumus BEP g Harga",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 237,
"top": 722,
"width": 7,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ":",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 251,
"top": 740,
"width": 92,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BEP g Harga = 𝑇𝐶 𝑄",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 43,
"width": 73,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 429,
"top": 43,
"width": 102,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 2: 95-106",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 782,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "100",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 87,
"width": 69,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keterangan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 101,
"width": 210,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "TC : Biaya total usahatani kopi (Rp)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 115,
"width": 235,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Q : Jumlah produk yang dihasilkan (kg)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 154,
"width": 197,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Parameter Pengambilan Keputusan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 174,
"width": 485,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Apabila BEP Harga kurang dari Harga Jual saat ini, maka posisi usahatani berada pada titik menguntungkan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 208,
"width": 485,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Apabila BEP Harga sama dengan Harga Jual saat ini, maka posisi usahatani berada pada titik impas.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 241,
"width": 485,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Apabila BEP Harga lebih besar dari Harga Jual saat ini, maka posisi usahatani berada pada titik merugikan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 334,
"width": 148,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Hasil dan Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 354,
"width": 148,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.1 Gambaran Umum Desa",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 374,
"width": 485,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Desa Lowungu adalah suatu desa yang ada di Kecamatan Bejen, Kabupaten Temanggung. Desa ini terletak di lereng Gunung Sindoro. Ketinggian desa terhadap permukaan laut mencapai 630 meter. Dengan ketinggian tersebut, Desa Lowungu mempunyai lahan yang subur dan iklim yang baik. Tanah di Desa Lowungu banyak ditanami berbagai jenis tanaman, dengan tanaman terbanyak berupa tanaman kopi j robusta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 480,
"width": 485,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tanaman j kopi robusta merupakan tanaman yang cocok ditanam di Desa Lowungu. Berdasarkan observasi dengan Masyarakat, jenis tanaman kopi lain seperti arabika tidak cocok ditanam di lahan Desa Lowungu. Tanaman kopi di Desa Lowungu merupakan tanaman turun-temurun dari keluarga para masyarakat desa. Begitu pula dengan lahan perkebunan yang ditanami kopi, lahan tersebut juga merupakan warisan turun-temurun dari keluarga.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 583,
"width": 485,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pohon kopi di Desa Lowungu memiliki tinggi 1,25 m. Jarak tanam antar pohon kopi adalah 3 meter x 2 meter. Jarak 3 meter menunjukkan jarak pohon kopi ke pohon kopi lain secara menyamping, sedangkan jarak 2 meter menunjukkan jarak pohon kopi ke pohon kopi lain secara mundur. Pohon kopi yang ditanam berasal dari bibit yang tumbuh ( tukulan ) di sekitar pohon kopi lainnya sehingga petani kopi tidak perlu membeli bibit dari pembibit. Pohon kopi di Desa Lowungu bisa hidup hingga waktu 20 tahun.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 691,
"width": 485,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perawatan pohon kopi bisa dibilang cukup sederhana. Pada saat pohon kopi telah selesai dipanen, petani melakukan kegiatan “ngrampel”. Ngrampel merupakan penataan dan pemotongan dahan atau ranting kopi yang sudah tidak produktif. Setelah kegiatan “ngrampel” selesai, petani menunggu datangnya musim hujan. Saat musim hujan tiba, petani dapat melakukan proses pemupukan pertama. Pemupukan biasa dilakukan pada",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 43,
"width": 73,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 429,
"top": 43,
"width": 102,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 2: 95-106",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 782,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "101",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 85,
"width": 485,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sekitar bulan September – Oktober. Setelah melakukan pemupukan, kegiatan pembersihan atau penyiangan bisa dilakukan guna membersihkan rumput yang mengganggu tanaman kopi. Kegiatan “ngrampel” dapat dimulai kembali apabila pohon kopi sudah memunculkan bakal buah kopi (biasanya berbentuk bulat, kecil, berwarna hijau). Kegiatan “ngrampel” kedua biasa dimulai sekitar bulan Desember maupun Januari tahun selanjutnya. Ketika masuk bulan Maret, maka pohon kopi bisa dipupuk untuk kedua kalinya. Setiap musim, pohon kopi dipupuk sebanyak 2 kali dalam kurun waktu 6 bulan sekali. Setelah pohon kopi dipupuk, maka masa panen akan segera dimulai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 224,
"width": 485,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Masa panen dapat dimulai setelah buah kopi sudah banyak yang berwarna merah. Buah berwarna merah menandakan buah kopi sudah siap panen. Buah yang sudah dipanen dapat disebut dengan kopi glondong. Kopi glondong kemudian diproses ke proses penggilingan basah atau seleb basah. Hasil dari penggilingan basah ini adalah buah kopi yang kulit luarnya sudah pecah. Setelah buah kopi glondong digiling, langkah selanjutnya adalah penjemuran. Penjemuran kopi di Desa Lowungu masih menggunakan cara tradisional, yaitu dengan mengandalkan sinar matahari saja. Kopi dijemur sampai dirasa petani sudah kering. Setelah kopi dirasa sudah kering, kopi akan digiling kering atau seleb kering yang nantinya akan menghasilkan biji kopi beras. Biji kopi beras ini kemudian disimpan dalam karung dan bisa bertahan kurang lebih satu tahun. Biji kopi beras ini kemudian dijual oleh petani kepada tengkulak atau pabrik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 408,
"width": 293,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Biaya Produksi Usahatani Kopi Robusta/ha/th",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 59,
"top": 423,
"width": 476,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uraian Jumlah Fisik Harga/Satuan (Rp) Nilai (Rp) Persentase (%) A. Biaya Tetap 1. Pajak Lahan 2. Penyusutan Alat Total Biaya Tetap B. Biaya Variabel 1. Pupuk a. Urea (kg) b. Phonska (kg)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 561,
"width": 93,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Kandang (kg)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 575,
"width": 69,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "d. TSP (kg)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 589,
"width": 61,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e. ZA (kg)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 603,
"width": 69,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "f. KCL (kg)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 616,
"width": 70,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Pestisida",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 630,
"width": 107,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Gramoxone",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 644,
"width": 99,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Herbisida) (botol)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 658,
"width": 132,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Rizotin (Insektisida) (botol) 3. Tenaga Kerja",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 699,
"width": 52,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Seleb",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 465,
"width": 440,
"height": 300,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Seleb Basah (Karung @40 kg) b. Seleb Kering (Kg) 645,94 541,81 4.162,27 178,21 80 80 3,81 3,19 198,83 148,40 1.484,04 2.500 2.600 320 2.400 10.000 10.500 225.000 45.000 59.017 2.500 600 321.586,34 1.127.297,83 1.448.884,17 6.423.215,26 1.614.855,81 1.408.726,85 1.331.928,57 427.704,03 800.000 840.000 1.001.744,56 858.253,62 143.490,93 11.734.414,01 1.261.436,33 371.010,69 890.425,65 954.769,36 21.375.579,53 1,41 4,94 6,35 28,14 4,39 51,41 5,53 4,18 93,65",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 43,
"width": 73,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 429,
"top": 43,
"width": 102,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 2: 95-106",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 782,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "102",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 87,
"width": 458,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Biaya Lain-lain (Rp) Total Biaya Variabel Total Biaya Produksi (TC) 22.824.463,69 100,00",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 130,
"width": 485,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 1 dapat diketahui ada dua jenis biaya. Biaya pertama yaitu biaya tetap dimana nilainya sebesar Rp 1.448.884,17 dan memiliki persentase 6,35%. Dalam konteks biaya tetap, biaya yang dikeluarkan petani meliputi i pajak tanah dan biaya penyusutan h alat. Petani di Desa Lowungu tidak menyewa lahan dikarenakan lahan yang digunakan adalah ahan milik sendiri (lahan warisan atau turun-temurun) sehingga petani hanya mengeluarkan biaya pajak tahunan. Biaya tahunan yang dikeluarkan petani untuk membayar pajak sebesar Rp 321.586,34/ha. Besaran pajak yang dibayarkan petani merupakan total akumulasi pajak lahan di beberapa tempat. Dalam menangani biaya untuk penyusutan alat, petani di Desa Lowungu mengeluarkan biaya sebesar Rp 1.127.297,83/ha. Petani biasa menggunakan alat seperti:: cangkul, sabit, sprayer , garpu, dan mesin babat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 314,
"width": 485,
"height": 154,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Biaya kedua yaitu biaya variabel dimana nilainya sebesar Rp 21.375.579,53 dan memiliki persentase 93,65%. Biaya tenaga kerja menjadi penyumbang persentase terbanyak dalam biaya variabel, yaitu sebesar 51,41% dengan biaya sebesar Rp 11.734.414,01/ha. Biaya tenaga kerja menjadi biaya terbesar karena petani di Desa Lowungu banyak menggunakan tenaga k kerja luar i keluarga (TKLK) dalam k melakukan usahatani. TKLK biasanya diberi upah sebesar Rp 70.000/hari dalam melakukan berbagai kegiatan usahatani seperti pemupukan, penyiangan, pengendalian OPT, dan panen. Biaya tenaga k kerja di Desa Lowungu tergolong lebih tinggi apabila dibanding denngan biaya tenaga kerja di Desa Saut Banua Simanosor, dimana biaya tenaga kerja sebesar Rp 3.424.869/ha berdasarkan penelitian dari Sugito (2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 483,
"width": 485,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Biaya pupuk menjadi penyumbang persentase terbanyak kedua dalam biaya variabel yaitu sebesar 28,14% dengan biaya sebesar Rp 6.423.215,26/ha. Pupuk yang digunakan oleh petani meliputi kandang, urea, phonska TSP, ZA, dan KCL. Petani menggunakan pupuk subsidi pemerintah, kecuali pupuk kandang, TSP, ZA dan KCL. Petani membeli pupuk dalam bentuk karung sebesar 50 kg. Biaya yang dikeluarkan oleh petani guna membeli pupuk tergolong lebih besar dibandingkan biaya pupuk di Desa Saut Banua Simanosor, dimana biaya pupuk hanya sebesar Rp 1.419.429/ha berdasarkan penelitian dari Sugito (2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 620,
"width": 485,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Biaya variabel lainnya adalah pestisida, seleb, dan biaya lain-lain. Biaya pestisida sebesar 4,39% dengan biaya sebesar Rp 1.001.744,56/ha. Petani di Desa Lowungu tidak semuanya menggunakan pestisida, karena ada petani yang merasa tanaman kopi lebih baik apabila dibiarkan tanpa penggunaan pestisida atau obat-obatan kimia. Selanjutnya ada biaya seleb sebesar 5,53% dengan biaya sebesar Rp 1.261.436,33/ha. Proses seleb atau giling yang dilakukan petani ada dua jenis, yaitu seleb basah dan seleb kering. Seleb basah merupakan penggilingan buah kopi yang sudah dipetik, sedangkan seleb kering merupakan penggilingan buah kopi yang sudah diseleb basah dan telah dikeringkan agar menjadi biji kopi ( coffe bean ). Proses seleb yang dilakukan petani biasa dilakukan di",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 43,
"width": 73,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 429,
"top": 43,
"width": 102,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 2: 95-106",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 782,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "103",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 87,
"width": 485,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "rumah warga yang memiliki mesin seleb/giling. Biaya lain-lain atau biaya variabel terakhir yang dikeluarkan oleh petani memiliki persentase sebesar 4,18% atau sebesar Rp 954.769,36/ha. Biaya lain-lain meliputi biaya akomodasi dan biaya tambahan yang dikeluarkan ketika petani mempekerjakan tenaga kerja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 160,
"width": 485,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Total penjumlahan kedua biaya atau total biaya produksi (TC) sebesar Rp 22.824.463,69/ha. Nilai ini merupakan biaya per hektar yang dikeluarkan petani dalam satu musim tanam kopi robusta. Biaya total produksi di Desa Lowungu lebih tinggi dibandingkan biaya total produksi di Desa Saut Banua Simanosor dalam penelitian dari Sugito (2021) dimana biaya total sebesar Rp 7.711.358/ha.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 250,
"width": 443,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2. Penerimaan Usahatani Kopi Robusta/ha/th Jumlah Produksi (kg) Harga (Rp/kg) Nilai (Rp) 1.484,04 41.230,77 61.188.224,02",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 299,
"width": 485,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Petani mendapat penerimaan dari penjualan kopi yang dijual dalam bentuk biji kopi (coffee bean ). Penerimaan yang diperoleh petani dapat dicari dengan mengalikan jumlah produksi kopi yang dihasilkan dengan harga jual kopi. Hasil perhitungan mendapat hasil bahwa penerimaan rata-rata yang diperoleh petani sebesar Rp 61.188.224,02.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 374,
"width": 248,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 3. Pendapatan Usahatani Kopi Robusta",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 388,
"width": 419,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penerimaan (Rp) Biaya Produksi (Rp) Pendapatan (Rp) 61.188.224,02 22.824.463,69 38.363.760,33",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 442,
"width": 485,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengurangan antara penerimaan dengan biaya produksi dapat menghasilkan nilai pendapatan usahatani. Pendapatan rata-rata yang diperoleh petani sebesar Rp 38.363.760,33 (positif). Nilai ini memiliki arti dimana usahatani kopi robusta berada dalam posisi menguntungkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 516,
"width": 427,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 4. Nilai R/C Ratio Usahatani Kopi Robusta/ha/th Penerimaan (Rp) Biaya Produksi (Rp) R/C Ratio 60.668.060 22.824.463,69 2,68",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 585,
"width": 485,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil analisis R/C Ratio usahatani menunjukkan nilai 2,68. Nilai tersebut menunjukkan jumlah penerimaan setiap penambahan 1 unit biaya dapat menghasilkan 2,68. Nilai 2,68 > 1 yang berarti usahatani kopi robusta di Desa Lowungu dinyatakan layak untuk diusahakan (Hanum et al ., 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 646,
"width": 485,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "R/C Ratio yang didapat dalam penelitian ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian dari Abimanyu et al . (2018) dalam penelitian yang dijalankan. Penelitian dari Abimanyu et al . (2018) terkait kelayakan usahatani kopi robusta di Kecamatan . Panti, Kabupaten Jember menghasilkan hasil R/C Ratio sebesar 1,86. Hasil tersebut membuat usahatani di Kecamatan Panti layak diusahakan sebab nilai R/C lebih dari satu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 735,
"width": 427,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 5. Nilai B/C Ratio Usahatani Kopi Robusta/ha/th Pendapatan (Rp) Biaya Produksi (Rp) B/C Ratio",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 43,
"width": 73,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 429,
"top": 43,
"width": 102,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 2: 95-106",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 782,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "104",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 87,
"width": 375,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "38.363.760,33 22.824.463,69 1,68",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 127,
"width": 485,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perhitungan analisis B/C Ratio usahatani menunjukkan nilai 1,68. Nilai ini menunjukkan jika penambahan 1 unit biaya maka pendapatan akan bertambah sejumlah 1,68. Nilai 1,68 lebih besar dari 1 yang menunjukkan jika usahatani kopi robusta di Desa Lowungu dinyatakan layak untuk diusahakan (Suratiyah, 2015).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 189,
"width": 485,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B/C Ratio yang didapat dalam penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian dari Nugroho et al ., (2023) dalam penelitian yang dilakukan. Penelitian dari Nugroho et al ., (2023)terkait kelayakan usahatani jeniskopi arabika di Desa Sudalarang, Kecamatan Sukawening, Kabupaten Garut menghasilkan hasil B/C Ratio sebesar 1,6. Nilai tersebut membuat usahatani di Desa Sudalarang layak i dijalankan sebab nilai B/C Ratio lebih dari 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 284,
"width": 400,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 6. Nilai BEP Produksi dan BEP Harga Usahatani Kopi Robusta/ha/th",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 300,
"width": 317,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Break Even Point (BEP) Produksi (kg) Harga (Rp/kg) 553,58 15.379,92",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 381,
"width": 485,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil analisis BEP usahatani menunjukkan BEP produksi sebesar 553,58 kg dan BEP harga senilai Rp 15.379,92/kg. Jumlah BEP produksi lebih kecil dibanding jumlah penerimaan saat ini (1.484,04 kg) sehingga usahatani kopi berada pada posisi menguntungkan. BEP harga juga memiliki nilai lebih kecil dibanding harga jual saat ini (Rp 41.230,77/kg) sehingga usahatani kopi robusta berada pada posisi menguntungkan (Soekartawi, 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 470,
"width": 485,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil penelitian ini memiliki persamaan hasil dari penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Albayan (2019) yang berjudul “Analisis Pendapatan Usahatani Kopi Arabika di Desa Kuyun Kecamatan Celala Kabupaten Aceh Tengah”. Penelitian tersebut menghasilkan nilai BEP Produksi sebesar 102,29 kaleng, sedangkan produksi sebenarnya sebesar 241,27 kaleng. Sedangkan untuk BEP Harga sebesar Rp 42.396,53 /kaleng, sedangkan produksi sebenarnya sebesar Rp 100.000/kaleng. Nilai kedua BEP tersebut membuat usahatani kopi jenis arabika di Desa Kuyun layak diusahakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 572,
"width": 89,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 592,
"width": 485,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Usahatani kopi jenis robusta di Desa Lowungu, Kecamatan Bejen, Kabupaten Temanggung dengan luasan 1 ha sudah dinilai kelayakannya. Petani mengeluarkan biaya produksi rata-rata sebesar Rp 22.824.463,69/ha/th, penerimaan rata-rata didapat nilai Rp 61.188.224,02/ha/th, dan pendapatan rata-rata ada di nilai Rp 38.363.760,33/ha/th. Analisis kelayakan usahatani menunjukkan beberapa hasil yang meliputi nilai R/C Ratio senilai 2,68; nilai B/C Ratio senilai 1,68; Jumlah BEP - produksi sejumlah 553,58 kg/ha; dan nilai BEP harga sejumlah Rp 15.379,92/kg. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kelayakan, maka usahatani kopi robusta di Desa Lowungu, Kecamatan Bejen, Kabupaten Temanggung dinyatakan layak untuk diusahakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 43,
"width": 73,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 429,
"top": 43,
"width": 102,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 2: 95-106",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 782,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "105",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 87,
"width": 87,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Daftar Pustaka",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 121,
"width": 485,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abimanyu, W., Hadi, S., & Ridho, A. A. (2018). Studi Komparatif Usaha Perkebunan Kopi Robusta Dan Kopi Arabika Di Kecamatan Panti Kabupaten Jember. Jurnal Agribest , 2 (1), 14 –23. https://doi.org/10.32528/agribest.v2i1.1370",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 162,
"width": 485,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Albayan. (2019). Analisis Pendapatan Usahatani Kopi Arabika di Desa Kuyun, Kecamatan Celala, Kabupaten Aceh Tengah. In Skripsi . Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 203,
"width": 485,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Badan Pusat Statistik. (2023). Statistik Indonesia 2023. In Badan Pusat Statistik . Badan Pusat Statistik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 231,
"width": 448,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2020/04/29/e9011b3155d45d70823c141f/statistik- indonesia-2020.html",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 259,
"width": 481,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Boediono. (2002). Ekonomi Makro: Seri Sinopsis Pengantar Ilmu Ekonomi No. 1 Edisi 2 (2nd ed.). BPEE.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 286,
"width": 485,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cristiana, F., Ndiwa, Y., Samur, E. S., Morse, F., Andur, E. K., & Cordanis, A. P. (2022). Faktor-Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Usahatani Kopi Robusta di Kecamatan Cibal Barat. Jurnal Pertanian , 1 (2), 1 –14.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 327,
"width": 485,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hanum, N., Miswar, & Amanda, U. (2021). Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Ternak Sapi Potong di Desa Sei Litur Tasik Kecamatan Sawit Seberang Kabupaten Langkat. Jurnal Samudra Ekonomika , 5 (1), 68 –78.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 369,
"width": 485,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nugroho, A., Permadi Gumelar, A., & Awaliyah, F. (2023). Analisis Kelayakan Usahatani Kopi Arabika di Desa Sudalarang. Jurnal Agribisnis Dan Teknologi Pangan , 3 (2), 84 – 93. http://journal.masoemuniversity.ac.id/index.php/agribisnisteknologi Panggabean, E. (2011). Buku Pintar Kopi . Jakarta: Agro Media Pustaka. Pertanian, K. (2017). Outlook Kopi Komoditas Pertanian Subsektor Perkebunan . Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian Sekretariat Jenderal Kementerian Pertanian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 452,
"width": 351,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rahardjo, P. (2017). Berkebun Kopi . Jakarta: Penerbar Swadaya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 465,
"width": 485,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Riastuti, A. D., Komarayanti, S., & Utomo, A. P. (2021). Karakteristik Morfologi Biji Kopi Robusta (Coffea Canephora) Pascapanen Di Kawasan Lereng Meru Betiri Sebagai Sumber Belajar SMK Dalam Bentuk E-Modul. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan , 5 (2), 1 –13. Soekartawi. (2016). Analisis Usahatani . Jakarta: UI Press.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 521,
"width": 485,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sugito, A. W. (2021). Analisis Pendapatan dan Kelayakan Ekonomi Usahatani Kopi (Studi Kasus: Desa Saut Banua Simanosor Kec. Siapar Dolok Hole Kab. Tapanuli Selatan). In Skripsi . Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 562,
"width": 420,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suratiyah, K. (2015). Ilmu Usahatani Edisi Revisi . Jakarta: Penerbar Swadaya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 576,
"width": 485,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Syafruwardi, A., & Fajeri, H. (2012). Analisis Finansial Usahatani Padi Varietas Unggul di Desa Guntung Ujung Kecamatan Gambut Kabupaten Banjar Kalimantan Selatan. Jurnal Agribisnis Perdesaan , 02 (03).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 617,
"width": 485,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Syakir, M., & Surmaini, E. (2017). Perubahan Iklim Dalam Konteks Sistem Produksi Dan Pengembangan Kopi Di Indonesia / Climate Change in the Contex of Production System and Coffee Development in Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Pertanian , 36 (2), 77.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 672,
"width": 256,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.21082/jp3.v36n2.2017.p77-90",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 686,
"width": 485,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tania, R., Widjaya, S., & Suryani, A. (2019). Usahatani, Pendapatan Dan Kesejahteraan Petani Kopi Di Lampung Barat. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Agribisnis , 7 (2), 149. https://doi.org/10.23960/jiia.v7i2.149-156",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 728,
"width": 485,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Temanggung, B. P. S. K. (2023). Kabupaten Temanggung Dalam Angka 2023 . Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Temanggung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 755,
"width": 485,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Waldi. (2017). Analisis Kelayakan Usahatani Cabai Merah di Lahan Pasir Pantai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 43,
"width": 73,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 429,
"top": 43,
"width": 102,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 2: 95-106",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 782,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "106",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 87,
"width": 387,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kecamatan Panjatan Kabupaten Kulonprogo. Jurnal Ilmiah Agritas , 1 (1).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 101,
"width": 485,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wanda, F. F. A. (2015). Analisis Pendapatan Usahatani Jeruk Siam (Studi Kasus di Desa Padang Kecamatan Tanah Grogot Kabupaten Pasar). Ejournal Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis , 3 (3), 600 –611.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
d44ceccd-ac77-6dd3-3f5d-32fb40e8e7bf | https://journalkeberlanjutan.com/index.php/ijesss/article/download/279/341 | [
{
"left": 524,
"top": 788,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "729",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 175,
"top": 142,
"width": 365,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "LOCAL HYBRID NEWSPAPERS TYPOLOGY: THREE CASES FROM RADAR MEDIA GROUP MEMBERS IN INDONESIA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 168,
"width": 207,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume: 3 Number: 3 Page: 729 - 740 1 Budi NUGRAHA,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 264,
"top": 168,
"width": 201,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2 Udi RUSADI, 3 Jamalullail JAMALULLAIL",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 175,
"top": 182,
"width": 367,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1,3 Graduate School of Communication Science Doctoral Program, Sahid University Jakarta, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 175,
"top": 208,
"width": 262,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2 Institute of Social and Political Sciences Jakarta, Indonesia Corresponding author: Budi Nugraha Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 250,
"width": 94,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Article History: Received: 2022-07-18",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 276,
"width": 96,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Revised: 2022-08-16 Accepted: 2022-11-11",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 175,
"top": 250,
"width": 43,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstract:",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 175,
"top": 263,
"width": 366,
"height": 223,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The survival of print media in the internet and social media era is increasingly threatened, especially with the increase in paper prices and the shift of advertisers to online media. One common strategy that print newspapers adopt is to establish an online version of the print newspaper and, accordingly, become a hybrid newspaper. This paper explores how three hybrid local newspapers in Indonesia reacted to the challenges of digitalization in three different market structures: monopolistic, duopoly, and oligopoly. We see this as a form of media behavior in dealing with market structures formulated in the structure-conduct-performance (SCP) paradigm. The analysis attempts to find a typology of local hybrid newspapers based on the three interrelated components of SCP. The data of this study were obtained from interviews with top management of the three newspapers, accompanied by primary and secondary literature studies. The study found different practices of the three newspapers responding to their respective markets in terms of organizational structure, content, and support channels, online and offline. It allows us to formulate three types of mixed media: social hybrid media, business hybrid media, and Omni hybrid media. Strategy carried out by the business hybrid media allows gain profits and improve employee welfare.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 175,
"top": 488,
"width": 361,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords : Hybrid Newspaper, Market Structure, Complementarity Hypothesis, Local Newspaper, Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 175,
"top": 514,
"width": 366,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Cite this as: NUGRAHA, B., RUSADI, U., JAMALULLAIL. (2022). “Local Hybrid Newspapers Typology: Three Cases From Radar Media Group Members In Indonesia.” International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Sciences, 3 (3), 729 - 740.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 578,
"width": 96,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "INTRODUCTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 591,
"width": 485,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The emergence of information technology and the movement to reduce paper use poses a major challenge for print media to survive in today's era (Finneman et al., 2021; Finneman & Thomas, 2021). The unexpected crisis brought about by the Covid-19 pandemic was also the cause of the collapse of various print media (Hess & Waller, 2021). One strategy print newspapers commonly adopt establishing an online version of the print newspaper. The efforts of print media to build networks on online lines are included in the concept of convergence. Convergence combines communication, data, and information into one container (Hackley & Hackley, 2019). Convergence is the interconnection of information and media content due to digitalization and computer networks (Almeida-Santana et al., 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 714,
"width": 485,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "There are two conflicting hypotheses regarding the convergence of print and online media today. According to the displacement hypothesis, online media compete to replace traditional media (Dimmick et al., 2004; Mbozi, 2021; Sung & Kim, 2020). The displacement hypothesis is counterproductive for print newspapers because it fails to capitalize on the advantages of printed newspapers. It has an impact on the abandonment of printed newspapers by readers. Therefore,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 524,
"top": 788,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "730",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 142,
"width": 485,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "many online newspapers cannot promote the print version's viability. An alternative hypothesis to the displacement hypothesis is the complementary hypothesis. As the name implies, this hypothesis emphasizes online media's vital role in supporting print media's survival. It is under the concept of spatialization, an extension of a particular space, in this case, virtual space. As an expansion, the old territory held by the print media will not be replaced but will be supplemented so that the total area controlled by the media is wider.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 223,
"width": 485,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Explores the convergence strategy carried out by three print media in Indonesia – Radar Surabaya, Radar Solo, and Radar Jogja. The specific aim is to explain the pattern of convergence with an SCP (Structure-Conduct-Performance) (Siegert et al., 2011) theoretical stance. Much research has been dedicated to studying print media convergence (Chyi & Tenenboim, 2017; Hassan & Azmi, 2018; Li & Thorson, 2018). The question then is, what is the proper way for online newspapers to provide support for print newspapers? It is still an open question that requires exploration in cases of hybrid newspapers. Hybrid newspapers are newspapers that operate on two legs, namely print and online. Ideally, hybrid newspapers can normally run, not lame. Of course, requires a well-coordinated strategy so that each leg can support the other and allow the company to run in the constantly changing environment as it is today.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 360,
"width": 485,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The SCP paradigm argues that there is a linear relationship between the industry structure, the behavior of market players, and the performance of these market players. Therefore, this paper studies the local hybrid newspaper acts as the response to market structure and its impact on hybrid newspaper performance. It is achieved by addressing the following question: what is the structure of the hybrid newspaper market? How will the Radar hybrid newspaper conduct itself in response to the market structure? Furthermore, how will the hybrid media perform due to this strategy? We investigate three hybrid newspapers in Indonesia with different market structures: Radar Surabaya working in a monopolistic market, Radar Solo in a duopolistic market, and Radar Jogja in an oligopolistic market. It is done through primary analysis of interviews with top management and secondary analysis of internal and external documents.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 497,
"width": 485,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Exploration of hybrid newspaper cases has theoretical, empirical, and practical significance. Theoretically, there is a real need for theory development in hybrid newspapers. Albarran (2019), for example, asks that media economics research is no longer just descriptive and becomes more theoretical, including developing new theories that combine media science and economics approaches (Albarran, 2019). Empirically, Cunningham (2018) highlights the importance of further research to answer whether print newspapers can survive in the next decade (the 2020s) and what can support their survival in that decade. Practically speaking, there is an urgency to save the print media that are still left today and allow hybrid newspapers to run normally. Section 2 outlines the concept and research on hybrid newspapers. Our chosen research approach is presented and discussed in Section 3. Section 4 presents the analysis of the three Radar newspapers' structure, conduct, and performance. Section 5 discusses the findings, outlines our contribution, and Section 6 concludes the paper.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 661,
"width": 485,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Theory and research on hybrid newspaper. A newspaper is defined as a publication usually in the form of a sheet in which a substantial part of its content is provided for information on current events and news for general interest, and is intended for general circulation and published periodically at short intervals, usually weekly or more frequently (Leckner, 2007). Leckner (2007) views that there are two versions of newspapers: print and electronic. Printed newspapers are newspapers that are published on paper that is printed with ink. Electronic newspapers are newspapers published in electronic form, requiring electronic devices, an application (software), and some kind of connection (one or two-way). There are two types of electronic newspapers: online and offline. An online newspaper (on the network) is a news site managed by a company",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 524,
"top": 788,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "731",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 142,
"width": 485,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "with the same brand, managerially connected to print newspapers but does not have to have the same news content. Offline newspapers are full copies of the printed version and can be read by downloading PDF (Portable Document Format) or similar forms such as e-paper or epub.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 182,
"width": 485,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Meanwhile, Tang et al. (2011) define hybrid newspapers as printed newspapers with accompanying websites. If it is associated with the definition of Leckner (2007), hybrid newspapers are print and online newspapers. However, to facilitate reading, this paper uses the terms printed newspaper and offline newspaper. Printed newspapers must be accessed outside the internet network, while offline newspapers must be accessed entirely via an internet connection. Offline newspapers, in the sense of Leckner (2007), such as PDF newspapers or e-papers in this paper are also classified as online newspapers because the first access is obtained online. However, once downloaded, they can be read without an internet connection.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 292,
"width": 485,
"height": 150,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The advent of hybrid newspapers was a way to cover the growing loss of print newspaper revenues. The alternative for print newspapers to survive without an online version is less favorable to the public interest of quality journalism. A study by Wang & Sparks (2019) found that the strategies taken to deal with declining revenues in print newspapers were threefold: (1) reorganizing and tightening departments, (2) opening new businesses that were not related to news, and (3) asking journalists to more oriented to the direct commercial task of covering news and compromising journalistic principles. So, if they want to maintain the quality of the news, printed newspapers have to build an online version or migrate to an online space under the current situation. Tang et al. (2011) found that investment in online versions increased the revenue for the print version of the newspaper mediated by the revenue from subscribing to the print version, controlling for quality factors.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 442,
"width": 485,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The relationship between the number of print subscribers and print advertising revenue is intuitive and has long been recognized. Research shows that a 1% increase in the number of print newspaper subscribers is associated with a 1.28% increase in revenue from advertising in the print newspaper (Tang et al., 2011). Tang et al. (2011) also found that the number of print newspaper subscribers increased the online version of newspaper advertising revenue. It is due to two factors: the existence of product complementarity and the spillover of brand equity. The online version of the news complements the print version of the news, and the well-known print media brands in the offline space allow online visitors to have more confidence in the online version of this print media.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 565,
"width": 485,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "What is still unknown then is how the reverse effect can arise from the online version, which can encourage the print version of the newspaper to be purchased by more people. According to Kaiser and Kongsted (2005), online newspapers can positively affect print newspapers by providing a good overview and idea about the print version or by offering a subscription to the print version. However, Kaiser and Kongsted (2005) also warn that the online version can also harm the print version if audiences from the print version switch to the online version so that print newspaper sales fall. Thurman and Fletcher (2020) found that this negative effect is like a snowball because it provides a chain reaction.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 675,
"width": 485,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "When a newspaper decides to go completely online and shut down the print version, there will be a drastic decrease in the number of visitors to the remaining online version rather than an increase. In their research, Thurman and Fletcher (2020) found that the decision to go online for New Musical Express magazine resulted in a 72% decrease in visitors. Another study showed that the Finnish financial newspaper Tallousanomat could reduce expenses and costs by switching to the online version and forgoing the print version, but at the same time experiencing a decrease of up to 75% of its revenue (Leurdijk et al., 2014). So, the only option left for hybrid newspapers to",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 524,
"top": 788,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "732",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 142,
"width": 485,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "survive was to keep both versions afloat instead of shutting down the print version and migrating to the online version.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 169,
"width": 485,
"height": 191,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "While there is a need to understand in detail how the online version can support the print version, there has not been any research that has addressed this question in hybrid newspapers. What is surprising then is that, although Tang et al. (2011) claim that hybrid newspaper is a term that is becoming more and more trendy nowadays due to the development of online media, a review of the keyword \"hybrid newspaper\" results in very few journal articles on Google Scholar. Alsarraj (2011) compared the performance of hybrid newspapers with purely online newspapers. This study found that there were more visitors to purely online newspapers than to hybrid newspapers. The reason is that purely online newspapers have less censorship and are more interactive than hybrid newspapers. In addition, purely online newspapers have more images, animations, and links than hybrid newspapers. Purely online newspapers also have blogs and social networks linked to social media, while very few hybrid newspapers have them. The point is that purely online newspapers are more interactive than hybrid newspapers. It is a particular obstacle for online versions of hybrid newspapers to provide revenue and support for print newspapers.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 360,
"width": 485,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The study of Li and Thorson (2018) specifically focuses on managing a hybrid newspaper but is more in the context of content than other contexts. As expected, the relationship between the print and online versions of newspapers in Li and Thorson's (2018) study is collaborative rather than competitive. It is reasonable for this research to find that managers differentiate between which news is worth offering in the print version and which news is worth offering in the online version because readers of the two versions of newspapers have different interests. It can then be managed through a digital workflow management system that integrates online and print versions of the workflow to make the work process more efficient and cost-effective (Leurdijk, 2014).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 470,
"width": 485,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In this case, there are still open questions about how distribution management, environmental orientation, form/design, and HR are carried out to support collaboration between the print and online versions. Leurdijk (2014) emphasized that until the article was written, no business model could compensate for the lost revenue from printed newspapers. Print newspapers must deal with the costs of maintaining an offline version and investing in an online version. The advertising revenue generated from the online version is insufficient to cover the losses incurred by reduced subscribers to the print version. However, Leurdijk (2014) emphasizes the importance of hybrid newspapers to survive and thrive because newspapers operate on the economic, social, and political aspects. Newspapers contribute not only to the demand and supply of goods but also to intelligent citizenship. Based on the described description, the author chose to conduct a study entitled \"Local Hybrid Newspapers Typology: Three Cases from Radar Media Group Members in Indonesia” .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 647,
"width": 55,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "METHOD",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 661,
"width": 485,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This research uses the case study method. Case studies can be interpreted as a direct investigation method with a natural setting and focus on an event intensively and in detail (Yin, 2018). Every empirical research has at least an implicit design, if not an explicit one. The case study is the most suitable method for the investigative phase of a study because it prioritizes surveys and historical processes to explain causality. The plural case study includes three hybrid newspapers: Radar Surabaya, Radar Radar Yogya, and Radar Solo. These newspapers were chosen because they operate locally in Indonesia's two most populous provinces, namely Central Java and East Java.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 524,
"top": 788,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "733",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 142,
"width": 484,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Case study approaches generally involve pattern matching, explanation building, time-series analysis, logic models, and cross-case synthesis (Ridder, 2017; Yin, 2018). In this study, we used a cross-case synthesis technique, and the findings of each case are aggregated case should be viewed as a whole, not as a collection of variables as used in quantitative research. As a result, the cross- case synthesis will identify patterns within cases resulting in diversity and the conditions that drive that diversity rather than unifying them into a single model.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 237,
"width": 159,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 251,
"width": 485,
"height": 245,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Types of Local Hybrid Newspapers. The findings of this study are that the three hybrid newspapers studied, Radar Surabaya, Radar Solo, and Radar Jogja follow different business patterns in response to a market structure that is declining in print and increasing in the online segment. In responding to the market structure that tends to be monopolistic, Radar Surabaya uses tactical integration coordinated in nature where two editors-in-chief are of equal standing, namely the print editor-in-chief and the online editor-in-chief. \"For print media, the operational commander is directly under the editor-in-chief and the Korlip. While online media, of course, there is also a separate editor-in-chief\". Radar Solo, managing the print and online versions is hierarchical. Here the coordinator of the online version is responsible for the chief editor of the print. \"In the print version, Radar Solo is the same as Radar Jogja. The editors still handle it. While the online is still handled by the coordinator responsible to the editor in chief o f print”. Hybrid media integration on Radar Jogja seems ineffective. It is mainly reflected in the substitution perspective held by Radar Jogja by attributing the decline in print revenue to online media presence. \"For the print edition, in line with the dimming of the national media, the advertising revenue of Radar Yogya's print edition has dimmed, although it still exists but has decreased by around 50 percent. It is due to the shift of readers from print to online, followed by the advertising market, which is also gradually shifting to the online edition. Do not forget that in Yogya, there are also many print media in Yogya Daily, Bernas, and the Yogya Tribune\".",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 497,
"width": 485,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The three Radars studied follow different orientations on calls newspapers with a tendency to social media (including Twitter and Instagram), a Social Hybrid, channel-oriented hybrid media that provide direct advertising revenue as Business Hybrid, and hybrid newspaper that tries to focus on all channels Omni Hybrid. According to the results of their research, the current structure of the media market will ultimately force the media into two possible positions in the future: the media as public servants and the media as businesses. (Sjovaag & Krumsvik, 2018). As a public servant, the media encourages the media to produce platform-specific news, and there is little demand from the owner for profit. This medium employs fewer journalists and more freelancers. More revenue from new media and innovation is obtained from incumbents, predecessors, and parent shareholders. In this study, this model is in the hands of Radar Surabaya. Radar Surabaya's primary focus on new media is getting connections with the public and getting viral news. Facebook is the most viral content source compared to other social media (Dermendjieva & Slavova, 2018). However, they have not yet reached the level Sjovaag, and Krumsvik (2018) referred to because income is still primarily sourced from print media, not new media. The following table describes the differences between the three types of hybrid media as a contribution to this research can be seen in table 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 726,
"width": 424,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 1. Local Hybrid Media Typology as the Findings of this Research Public Service Media Business Media Omni Media Radar Surabaya Radar Solo Radar Jogja",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 524,
"top": 788,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "734",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 144,
"width": 474,
"height": 179,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Public Service Media Business Media Omni Media Moderate income, just to survive Income is expected to be high Income is strived to increase Traditional text-based print and new media orientation (Online media, Twitter, Facebook) Economically profitable channel orientation (Print, online, and YouTube) All channel orientations (audio, visual, textual) Revenue from the print version Revenue from the print and online version Revenue from the online version Minimum innovation Optimum innovation Maximum innovation Serving the public even though it cannot be profitable Serving the public only if the welfare of employees Social and business aspects are balanced Complementary hypothesis: online supports print Complementary hypothesis: online supports print and print supports online Substitution hypothesis: online replaces print Monopolistic market structure Duopoly market structure Oligopoly market structure",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 337,
"width": 485,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The second version is media as a business. In this case, the owner's high demand for high profit is high. Innovation comes from entrepreneurs and more users paying for journalism. Production is platform-independent. After the production is complete, the news is distributed to various platforms according to the platform's specifications. In this study, Radar Solo best reflects the media as a business.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 405,
"width": 485,
"height": 150,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Meanwhile, Radar Jogja is trying to operate on both legs: the media as a public servant and the media as a business. The purpose of this study is to reveal the strategy of the Radar hybrid newspaper in maintaining the sustainability of print media. This study finds that market structure determines whether the newspaper supports the complementarity or replacement hypothesis. Hybrid newspapers that work on a monopolistic market structure and a duopoly market show behaviors that support the complementarity hypothesis, while hybrid newspapers that work on an oligopoly market show behaviors that support the replacement hypothesis. This finding supports previous research where media more commonly use the complementarity hypothesis (Adoni & Nimrod, 2020; Jenkins & Nielsen, 2020; Li & Thorson, 2018; Lie, 2018; Neyazi et al., 2019). The media with the complementarity hypothesis can optimize the business strategy to achieve the expected profit.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 556,
"width": 485,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Potential Effectiveness of Visual Strategies in All Markets. The all-channel strategy is resource-intensive because hybrid media must increase staff competence, skills, and innovation power, develop a new mindset, and create a new identity (Åkesson et al., 2018). Sometimes this also leads to competition between the print and online divisions and an imbalance in the allocation of resources between the two. In a conflict situation like this, it is wise to separate the online and print versions into two entities. Studies show that channel complementarity is something that can be done. Neyazi et al. (2019) show how exposure to traditional media predicts exposure to social media. In this case, it is print media that supports online media. Consumers bring the issues they find in print media and then discuss them online or look for more information online.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 679,
"width": 485,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In an oligopoly situation, consumers have greater power in determining consumption than in a duopoly or monopoly situation. In this situation, the company's focus should also be oriented to the consumer focus. This focus, however, changes as technology develops. As a result, presence across all channels appears to be a reasonable solution for acquiring customers as consumer focus shifts. However, in an oligopoly and monopolistic market, the company's image becomes very important. Because there are many companies, consumers can rate and compare company values based on their perceived image of the company. Companies must not only be present where",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 524,
"top": 788,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "735",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 142,
"width": 485,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "consumers focus on these areas, but companies must also take steps to improve their image in the eyes of consumers. (Eigruber & Wirl, 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 169,
"width": 485,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The presence of image considerations poses a risk that the presence of specific channels can cannibalize others instead of creating synergies. Consumers choose only one channel and refuse to use other channels based on the image. This image may not come directly from the company but can come from the channel itself. Vandenplas and Picone's (2021) study of 3,965 Flemish (northern Belgium) residents aged 14-85 identified that society was divided into six groups based on media use. The first group is the traditional group that only consumes print and television media. They do not have social media accounts. Their proportion of the population is 18.7% (Vandenplas & Picone, 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 278,
"width": 485,
"height": 164,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "A second group is a group that only uses the internet for public purposes. Their number is 21.8% of the population. They consume both print and online news but tend to prefer print media. All online media consumed is the online version of the print media they read. That is, they are loyal to hybrid media when reading online media. The third group is enthusiastic about print and online media. They also consume online media sites, which are extensions of print media and tend to be online. These consumers are also classified as loyal to the newspaper brand. They are active on the Internet and Facebook but less active on Twitter. The proportion in the population is 19.4%. The fourth group is entertainment seekers. Entertainment seekers are also active on the Internet and Facebook and less on Twitter. They only use online media and do not consume print media. As many as 14% of the population belongs to this group. A fifth group is a group that likes everything. A total of 15.2% of the population is in this category. The fifth group is characterized by using any print or online media, independent of the brand.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 442,
"width": 485,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "They are not as active as the third and fourth groups using Facebook. The last group is quality seekers. Quality seeker groups are not active on social media but consume print and online media. They only choose one version for a brand they think is of better quality. For certain brands, they only read the online version, while for other brands, they only consume the printed version, even though the company offers them both versions. As many as 10.9% of the population is in this category.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 524,
"width": 485,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This finding means that if the hybrid media leaves the print media, the hybrid media can lose 18.70% of the population because there are 18.7% of the population who can only access news through traditional media. Without print media, they entirely rely on television media and increase the competitiveness of television media against hybrid media.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 579,
"width": 485,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This finding also means that 14% of the population that online media should target because they are not touched by print media. In addition, an online media presence will create a loyal group of 41.20% of the population. Those who initially consume print media will also use online media with the same brand. Meanwhile, those who initially only consume online media will also consume print media with the same brand. Of this, 41.20%, about half, or 19.4%, can be reached with the help of Facebook because they are active here. Facebook cannot help the remaining 21.80% because they are not active on this social media. The only way to be taken is to use online media as a reference to print media and vice versa; print media is used to refer to online media.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 688,
"width": 485,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "There is also 26.10% of the population with floating options. This population is not loyal to hybridity. Around 15.2% are the group who do not care and only have a proximity that allows them to consume online media or print media. As a result, hybrid media must increase the variety of news stories and the speed of access to attract readers' attention. The rest, 10.9%, are very selective and will only choose news sites or print media that they think are high quality. Facebook cannot help well for these two segments because their activity on this platform is not high.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 524,
"top": 788,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "736",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 142,
"width": 485,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Loyal groups in hybrid media indicate that the complementary hypothesis supports hybrid media competition. Furthermore, it also supports a multi-channel strategy, involving print media, online media, and Facebook. However, if the complementarity hypothesis does not support the multi-channel strategy, it will not be optimal. According to the author, this happened in the case of Radar Jogja. Radar Jogja uses a multi-channel strategy but uses the substitution hypothesis. As a result, there is inequality in reaching the population, and they cannot transfer the profits from new media to print media.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 237,
"width": 485,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The efforts made by Radar Jogja to solve print media problems do not lead to existing problems but lead to consumers. Efforts to \"bomb\" consumers with news from online media are not directly related to efforts to reduce paper, pay taxes, print machine operations, increase print human resources, and operations in the field. Only if this news bombardment increases traffic and ad revenue will funds be available to solve the print media problem. However, this advantage is not necessarily given to support print media because online media has its own needs, such as improving technology infrastructure and expanding information. Radar Jogja covers the weaknesses of online media with news and blow-ups in the print version.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 347,
"width": 485,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The print version is also expected to make the news as complete as possible. Attempts to refer to the print version with the phrase “read more in print” can be made in online news. However, this will be a problem if the printed version itself is not available in the hands of the public. Online media does help by making as much news as possible so that print media can make news as complete as possible, equipped with photos and infographics. But this also led to the initial problem, namely the need for paper and ink, which had not been resolved.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 429,
"width": 485,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Instead of using a massive strategy of photos and infographics in the print version, the visual strategy puts the visual aspects digitally. It eliminates ink and print costs. This visual strategy can be implemented in online news and on the mobile version. In addition, comprehensive video coverage can be created on the YouTube channel. The news media YouTube channel does not only have to contain the latest news. However, it can also contain news on tourism promotions and positive government activities, as has been done by Radar Solo. Santin & Alvarez-Monzoncillo (2020) argue that the population is increasingly shifting from written text to video, and newspapers need to increase audience engagement by improving the quality of video production and video distribution strategies to survive in the digital ecosystem. Their study found that YouTube videos increased a newspaper's brand position in search engines, although they only contributed slightly to the company's revenue structure (Santín & Álvarez-Monzoncillo, 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 579,
"width": 485,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This strategy can be successful in an oligopoly context because Radar Jogja already has an active channel with high involvement. In addition, business strategies can be successful in the context of Radar Jogja by looking only at the channels that provide direct economic benefits. YouTube can provide immediate economic benefits because, apart from monetization, in-video and even video ads can be uploaded to YouTube. Advertisements about Radar Jogja in print can also be uploaded as separate videos or as inserts in the news. Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter can promote print newspapers or create links to online media or YouTube channels. Podcasts can be used for advertising as well as radio and print newspapers.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 688,
"width": 485,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The primacy of YouTube and online news media to support print newspapers can be due to media richness (Andarwati et al., 2020) and audience anonymity (Davis, 2020). YouTube and online news media have great wealth because they can provide large and serious volumes of information. Social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram cannot accommodate this. YouTube, in particular, is a substitute for television for today's generation. Since the hybrid media business is based on information, it is only natural that YouTube and online news media are the options for making money for hybrid media. In addition, audience anonymity allows anyone to",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 524,
"top": 788,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "737",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 142,
"width": 485,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "read online news, watch YouTube, and comment on it without creating an account with a complete bio like on social media. The ease of use and reasonable privacy protections for online news and YouTube help drive advertisers' hybrid media revenue stream.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 182,
"width": 485,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In addition, this can also be supported by agenda stability theory (Vonbun-Feldbauer & Matthes, 2018). According to agenda stability theory, the agenda can be divided into two: a stable problem agenda and a dynamic problem agenda. Whether a problem is stable or dynamic depends on two factors: the degree of space, background information, and immediacy. An issue is said to be stable if it has a high degree of space and background information with low immediacy. In contrast, an issue is said to be dynamic if it has a high degree of immediacy and low background information.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 278,
"width": 485,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Vonbun-Feldbauer and Matthes (2018) show that stable problems are best distributed by printed newspapers, while news broadcasts best channel dynamic problems. Online newspapers are at the frontier, especially at the point where the degree of space and background information is high and the immediacy is high. In this case, online newspapers are a kind of bridge that can channel information needs quickly and in-depth that printed newspapers and news broadcasts cannot cover. That is, if there is an event, it can fall into one of three categories:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 360,
"width": 477,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. News that requires a degree of space and in-depth background information is not immediate. This stable issue is suitable to be reported by printed newspapers. When issues become more dynamic, audiences can be referred to online newspapers and news broadcasts.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 401,
"width": 477,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. News requires little space and background information but is relatively immediate. This dynamic issue is suitable for reporting by YouTube newscasts. As news stabilizes, it can be spread to print newspapers and online news media.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 64,
"top": 442,
"width": 477,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. News that requires a high degree of space and background information must be reported immediately. The issue between stable and dynamic is suitable for reporting by online news media. As news becomes more dynamic, information from online newspapers can be used to build stories in news broadcasts. On the other hand, when news is more stable, information from online newspapers can be used to build new in print newspapers.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 511,
"width": 485,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In addition, this empirical finding shows that the existing hybrid newspapers' behavior is still unable to optimally support the print version with the online version, which has developed quite well. This finding shows that there is still ample room for improvement to maximize hybrid media business behavior in winning the competition in the market they face. In addition, this study supports the finding that hybrid newspapers are still unable to seize the opportunities offered by advances in communication and information technology (Heckman & Wihbey, 2019).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 593,
"width": 485,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This research also reveals that printed newspapers still have a place in people's hearts and provide substantial advantages for hybrid media. This advantage is even higher than the advantages provided by online media. The profits are declining, but the newspaper with the complementary hypothesis sees it as a coordination challenge that must be solved with hard work and collaboration with online media. The finding that print media still has a place in people's hearts is also shown by the growth rate of the number of print media, which is proportional to the growth rate of online media. This finding supports previous research, which shows that print media has particular advantages that cannot be replaced by online media (Chyi & Tenenboim, 2019; Hassan & Azmi, 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 729,
"width": 88,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 743,
"width": 485,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The reports on three cases of local hybrid newspapers conducted in Indonesia addressed the challenge of changing information technology. The research investigates the different firm behaviors under different market conditions. The cases offer good examples of organizational",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 524,
"top": 788,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "738",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 142,
"width": 485,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "response to monopolistic, duopoly, and oligopoly markets. The analysis results conclude that there are three types of hybrid media: social hybrid media, business hybrid media, and Omni hybrid media. This finding shows that ambidexterity (Jenkins & Nielsen, 2020), namely an organization's ability to carry out multiple focuses and build synergies between the two focuses, takes various forms. Therefore, the results of this qualitative and quantitative data analysis support previous findings through interviews (Finneman et al., 2021; Sjøvaag & Krumsvik, 2018) and surveys (Vandenplas & Picone, 2021) that strategies to maintain the viability of printed newspapers take various forms. Moreover, these findings support recent research on the future of the media industry, which found that the future media will have two scenarios: public-serving and business- oriented media (Sjøvaag & Krumsvik, 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 278,
"width": 485,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This research contributes to media economics and communication science by finding that hybrid media can have a public service orientation, a mixed orientation, and business orientation. The surprising finding is that Omni hybrid media are no more viable than social and business hybrid media. It can be attributed to the excessive (maximum) strategy in utilizing technology. The minimal social hybrid media strategy allows the hybrid media to focus on its survival. In contrast, the optimal strategy carried out by the business hybrid media allows the hybrid media to gain profits and improve employee welfare.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 387,
"width": 69,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "REFERENCE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 401,
"width": 485,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adoni, H., & Nimrod, G. (2020). The Emergence of the Hybrid Older Reader: A Cross-National Study. Communications, 45(4), 414 – 439. https://doi.org/10.1515/commun-2019-2033 Åkesson, M., Sørensen, C., & Eriksson, C. I. (2018). Ambidexterity Under Digitalization: A Tale of Two Decades of New Media at A Swedish Newspaper. Scandinavian Journal of Management,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 455,
"width": 17,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "29.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 469,
"width": 307,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Albarran, A. B. (2010). The Media Economy (1. publ). Routledge.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 483,
"width": 485,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Albarran, A. B. (2019). Media Economics Research: A History of the Field. In A. Albarran, A Research Agenda for Media Economics (pp. 1 – 12). Edward Elgar Publishing . https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788119061.00006",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 524,
"width": 485,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Almeida-Santana, A., Moreno, S., & Boza, J. (2018). The Paradox of Cultural and Media Convergence. Segmenting the European Tourist Market by Information Sources and Motivations. Journal of Tourism Research , 20(5), 613 – 625.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 565,
"width": 485,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Alsarraj, A. (2011). Online News Services among Jordanian Universities Students: A Comparison Study Between Hybrid & Pure Online News Websites. Middle East University.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 592,
"width": 485,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Andarwati, M., Assih, P., Amrullah, F., Putri, D. M., & Thamrin, E. (2020). The success of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): Actual Technology Use in e-Marketplace Based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) Analysis. 2020 6th International Conference on Education and Technology (ICET), 142 – 147. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET51153.2020.9276594",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 647,
"width": 485,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Chyi, H. I., & Tenenboim, O. (2017). Reality Check: Multiplatform Newspaper Readership in the",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 661,
"width": 457,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "United States, 2007 – 2015. Journalism Practice, 11(7), 798 – 819.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 674,
"width": 235,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2016.1208056",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 688,
"width": 485,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Chyi, H. I., & Tenenboim, O. (2019). Charging More and Wondering Why Readership Declined? A Longitudinal Study of U.S. Newspapers’ Price Hikes, 2008– 2016. Journalism Studies , 20(14),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 715,
"width": 485,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2113 – 2129. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2019.1568903 Cunningham, B. (2018). Evolving Research and Theories in Media Economics . In A. B. Albarran, B. Mierzejewska, & J. Jung (Eds.), Handbook of Media Management and Economics (2nd Edition, Pp. 36 – 51). Routledge. Davis, I. (2020). \"Es Verdad hay q matarlas a todas\": Online dis course surrounding “e” as a gender -",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 524,
"top": 788,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "739",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 142,
"width": 285,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "neutral morpheme in Spanish . Youngstown State University.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 155,
"width": 485,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dermendjieva, G., & Slavova, R. (2018). Online Sharing Platforms as a Medium for the Emergence of Viral Content. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences , 4(2), 177 – 199. https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2018.42.177199",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 196,
"width": 485,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dimmick, J., Chen, Y., & Li, Z. (2004). Competition Between the Internet and Traditional News Media: The Gratification-Opportunities Niche Dimension. Journal of Media Economics, 17(1),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 223,
"width": 255,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "19 – 33. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327736me1701_2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 237,
"width": 485,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Eigruber, M., & Wirl, F. (2020). Cheating as a dynamic marketing strategy in monopoly, cartel, and duopoly. Central European Journal of Operations Research, 28(2), 461 – 478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10100-019-00652-x",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 278,
"width": 485,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Finneman, T., Mari, W., & Thomas, R. J. (2021). \"I Did not Know How We Were Going to Survive\": U.S. Community Newspapers' Resilience During COVID-19. Journalism Practice , 1 – 18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2021.1957703 Finneman, T., & Thomas, R. J. (202 1). “Ou r Co mpany is in Survival Mode”: Metajournalistic Discourse on COVID- 19’s Impact on U.S. Community Newspapers. Journalism Practice , 1 – 19.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 347,
"width": 235,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2021.1888149",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 360,
"width": 485,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hackley, C., & Hackley, A. R. (2019). Advertising at the Threshold: Paratextual Promotion in the",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 374,
"width": 457,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Era of Media Convergence. Marketing Theory, 19(2), 195 – 215.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 388,
"width": 213,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1177/1470593118787581",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 401,
"width": 485,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hassan, I., & Azmi, M. N. L. (2018). Readers’ Preferences for Print and Online Newspapers in Northwestern Nigeria. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(6), Pages 965-974. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i6/4294 Heckman, M., & Wihbey, J. (2019). The Local-Mobile Paradox: Missed Innovation Opportunities at",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 456,
"width": 457,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Local Newspapers. Newspaper Research Journal , 40(3), 317 – 328. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739532919835610",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 483,
"width": 485,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hess, K., & Waller, L. J. (2021). Local Newspapers and Coronavirus: Conceptualising Connections,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 497,
"width": 456,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Comparisons, and Cures. Media International Australia, 178(1), 21 – 35. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X20956455",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 524,
"width": 485,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jenkins, J., & Nielsen, R. K. (2020). Preservation and Evolution: Local Newspapers as",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 538,
"width": 456,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ambidextrous Organizations. Journalism, 21(4), 472 – 488.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 552,
"width": 213,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884919886421",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 565,
"width": 485,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kaiser, U., & Kongsted, H. C. (2005). Do Magazines’ “Companion Websites” Cannibalize the Demand for the Print Version? SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.774785 Leckner, S. (2007). Is the Medium the Message? [Disertasi Doktor]. KTH. Leurdijk, A., Nieuwenhuis, O., & Poel, M. (2014). The Newspaper Industry . In G. De Prato, E. Sanz, & J. P. Simon (Eds.), Digital Media Worlds (pp. 147 – 162). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137344250",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 647,
"width": 485,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Li, Y., & Thorson, E. (2018). Converting Cultural Capital into Economic Capital: A Hybrid Newspaper’s Content Management and Performance During Economic Turbulence. Journal of Media Business Studies , 15(1), 1 – 23. https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2018.1445159 Lie, M. P. (2018). Local Newspapers, Facebook and Local Civic Engagement: A Study of Media Use in Two Norwegian Communities. Nordicom Review, 39(2), 49 – 62.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 716,
"width": 193,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.2478/nor-2018-0011",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 729,
"width": 485,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mbozi, P. (2021). Displacement and Substitutability Effects of Online Newspapers on Traditional Media: A Zambian Perspective. In H. S. Dunn, D. Moyo, W. O. Lesitaokana, & S. B. Barnabas (Eds.), Re-imagining Communication in Africa and the Caribbean (pp. 235 – 254). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54169-9_13",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 524,
"top": 788,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "740",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 142,
"width": 485,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Neyazi, T. A., Kumar, A., & Dutta, M. J. (2019). Channel Complementarity or Displacement? Theory and Evidence from a non-Western Election Context. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media , 63(4), 656 – 676. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2019.1689072 Ramstad, G. O. (1997). A Model for Structural Analysis of the Media Market. Journal of Media Economics, 10(3), 45 – 50. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327736me1003_4 Ridder, H.-G. (2017). The Theory Contribution of Case Study Research Designs. Business Research, 10(2), 281 – 305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40685-017-0045-z",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 237,
"width": 485,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Santín, M., & Álvarez-Monzoncillo, J.-M. (2020). The use of YouTube by the Spanish press: A model to be defined. El Profesional de La Información, 29(1).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 264,
"width": 199,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.ene.16",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 278,
"width": 485,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Siegert, G., Gerth, M. A., & Rademacher, P. (2011). Brand Identity-Driven Decision Making by Journalists and Media Managers-The MBAC Model as a Theoretical Framework. International Journal on Media Management, 13(1), 53 – 70. https://doi.org/10.1080/14241277.2010.545363 Sjøvaag, H., & Krumsvik, A. H. (2018). In Search of Journalism Funding: Scenarios for future media policy in Norway. Journalism Practice, 12(9), 1201 – 1219.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 346,
"width": 235,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2017.1370972",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 360,
"width": 485,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sung, N., & Kim, J. (2020). Does the internet kill newspapers? The case of South Korea. Telecommunications Policy, 44(4), 101955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2020.101955 Tafesse, W., & Kitchen, P. J. (2017). IMC – an integrative review. International Journal of Advertising, 36(2), 210 – 226. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2015.1114168",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 415,
"width": 485,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tang, Y. (Elina), Sridhar, S. (Hari), Thorson, E., & Mantrala, M. K. (2011). The Bricks That Build the Clicks: Newsroom Investments and Newspaper Online Performance. International Journal on Media Management, 13(2), 107 – 128. https://doi.org/10.1080/14241277.2011.568420 Thurman, N., & Fletcher, R. (2020). Effects of a Magazine’s Move to Online-only: Post-print Audience Attention and Readership Retention Revisited. Journalism Practice, 14(10), 1225 – 1243. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2019.1685903",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 497,
"width": 485,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Vandenplas, R., & Picone, I. (2021). Media as the Great Emancipators? Exploring Relations Between Media Repertoires and Cultural Participation in Flanders. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies , 27(5), 1439 – 1461. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856521990246",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 551,
"width": 485,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Vonbun-Feldbauer, R., & Matthes, J. (2018). Do Channels Matter? : Investigating Media Characteristics in the Agenda-Building Process of an Election Campaign. Journalism Studies , 19(16), 2359 – 2378. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2017.1349547 Wang, H., & Sparks, C. (2019). Marketing Credibility: Chinese Newspapers’ Responses to Revenue Losses from Falling Circulation and Advertising Decline. Journalism Studies , 20(9), 1301 – 1318. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2018.1513815 Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (Sixth edition). SAGE.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
cde35a6a-c19e-92f8-5572-ea26bc64644a | https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative/article/download/9542/6550 | [
{
"left": 116,
"top": 790,
"width": 362,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright @ Suhairi, Fitri Maulida Husna, Aulia Hasanah, Siti Khofifah Saragih",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 110,
"top": 39,
"width": 264,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "INNOVATIVE: Journal Of Social Science Research Volume 4 Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 Page 12820-12825 E-ISSN 2807-4238 and P-ISSN 2807-4246",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 110,
"top": 101,
"width": 282,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Website: https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 146,
"width": 376,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Strategi Komunikasi Global: Pendekatan Untuk Meningkatkan Keberhasilan Pasar Internasional",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 217,
"width": 357,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suhairi 1 ✉ , Fitri Maulida Husna 2 , Aulia Hasanah 3 , Siti Khofifah Saragih 4",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 194,
"top": 242,
"width": 210,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 224,
"top": 261,
"width": 146,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Email : [email protected] 1 ✉",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 307,
"width": 39,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 326,
"width": 491,
"height": 185,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pasar global yang terus berkembang menuntut perusahaan untuk mengadopsi strategi komunikasi yang cerdas dan terfokus. Dalam era globalisasi ini, komunikasi menjadi kunci untuk mengatasi tantangan dan memanfaatkan peluang di berbagai belahan dunia. Artikel ini membahas pendekatan strategis dalam merancang komunikasi global yang efektif, dengan mempertimbangkan perbedaan budaya, bahasa, dan preferensi konsumen. Jurnal ini mengkaji strategi pemasaran global dalam konteks bisnis internasional. Melalui analisis mendalam terhadap praktik-praktik pemasaran global, penulis mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor kunci yang memengaruhi keberhasilan strategi tersebut. Melalui penelusuran metode dan studi kasus, kami menjelajahi bagaimana perusahaan dapat membangun pesan yang relevan dan resonan, menghubungkan merek mereka dengan audiens global, dan memperkuat kehadiran mereka di pasar internasional.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 516,
"width": 181,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci: Srategi Komunikasi Global",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 278,
"top": 557,
"width": 42,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 576,
"width": 490,
"height": 166,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The ever-evolving global market requires companies to adopt smart and focused communications strategies. In this era of globalization, communication is the key to overcoming challenges and exploiting opportunities in various parts of the world. This article discusses strategic approaches to designing effective global communications, taking into account differences in culture, language and consumer preferences. This journal examines global marketing strategies in the context of international business. Through in-depth analysis of global marketing practices, the authors identify key factors that influence the success of these strategies. Through method exploration and case studies, we explore how companies can build relevant and resonant messages, connect their brands with global audiences, and strengthen their presence in international markets.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 54,
"top": 747,
"width": 177,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Srategi Komunikasi Global",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 790,
"width": 362,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright @ Suhairi, Fitri Maulida Husna, Aulia Hasanah, Siti Khofifah Saragih",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 266,
"top": 39,
"width": 87,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 60,
"width": 469,
"height": 160,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam era globalisasi yang semakin pesat, strategi komunikasi memainkan peran kunci dalam keberhasilan pemasaran dan interaksi lintas batas. Artikel ini mengeksplorasi berbagai aspek dari strategi komunikasi global, mulai dari adaptasi budaya hingga penggunaan teknologi terkini. Dengan memahami kompleksitas pasar global, kami menyoroti pentingnya penyesuaian pesan dan saluran komunikasi untuk mencapai kesuksesan dalam konteks yang beragam. Artikulasi yang efektif dari strategi komunikasi global tidak hanya mendukung ekspansi bisnis internasional, tetapi juga memperkuat citra merek di tengah tantangan komunikasi lintas budaya (Aliana, n.d.).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 226,
"width": 469,
"height": 201,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Strategi komunikasi global adalah pendekatan terencana yang digunakan oleh perusahaan atau organisasi untuk mengelola dan menyampaikan pesan mereka secara konsisten dan efektif di seluruh dunia. Strategi ini melibatkan pemahaman mendalam tentang keberagaman budaya, bahasa, dan norma komunikasi di berbagai wilayah, dengan tujuan mencapai audiens global dengan pesan yang relevan dan memikat. Hal ini seringkali mencakup penyesuaian pesan, bahasa, dan elemen kreatif agar sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan preferensi lokal, sambil mempertahankan konsistensi merek secara keseluruhan (Rosdiani et al., n.d.). Kesuksesan strategi komunikasi global melibatkan koordinasi tim lintas budaya, pemahaman pasar yang mendalam, dan respons yang cepat terhadap perubahan tren global.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 433,
"width": 470,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Komunikasi global merujuk pada pertukaran pesan, informasi, atau ide antara individu, organisasi, atau entitas yang berasal dari berbagai bagian dunia. Ini mencakup segala bentuk komunikasi, baik verbal maupun non-verbal, yang melibatkan pihak-pihak dari berbagai budaya, bahasa, atau latar belakang. Komunikasi global mempertimbangkan kompleksitas keberagaman sosial, budaya, dan bahasa untuk memfasilitasi pemahaman yang efektif di tingkat internasional. Dalam konteks bisnis dan organisasi, komunikasi global seringkali menjadi kunci untuk membangun hubungan yang sukses dan menjalankan operasi lintas batas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 599,
"width": 470,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Strategi penyampaian pesan sangat krusial dalam komunikasi global. Perlu memperhatikan keanekaragaman budaya, bahasa, dan norma-norma komunikasi di berbagai Negara (Tinambunan & Siahaan, 2022). Memilih kata-kata yang dapat dipahami secara universal, menghindari frasa atau simbol yang mungkin memiliki makna yang berbeda di berbagai konteks budaya, dan mengakomodasi gaya komunikasi yang beragam dapat meningkatkan efektivitas komunikasi global. Selain itu, memahami keberagaman audiens dan beradaptasi dengan konteks lokal juga penting untuk mencapai pemahaman yang lebih baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 790,
"width": 362,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright @ Suhairi, Fitri Maulida Husna, Aulia Hasanah, Siti Khofifah Saragih",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 39,
"width": 469,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lobi dan negosiasi juga memiliki peran penting dalam pemasaran global karena membantu perusahaan beradaptasi dengan perbedaan budaya, hukum, dan kebijakan di berbagai negara. Melalui lobi, perusahaan dapat membangun hubungan yang baik dengan pihak berkepentingan dan memahami dinamika lokal. Negosiasi membantu mencapai kesepakatan yang saling menguntungkan dalam lingkungan bisnis global yang kompleks, memungkinkan perusahaan untuk memasarkan produk atau layanan mereka secara efektif di pasar internasional.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 253,
"top": 205,
"width": 114,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 226,
"width": 469,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode penelitian yang yang digunakan dalam membuat artikel ini adalah \"Studi Kasus.\" Studi kasus adalah suatu pendekatan penelitian yang mendalam terhadap suatu kasus atau fenomena tertentu, dan seringkali digunakan untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang komprehensif tentang suatu konteks atau situasi tertentu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 309,
"width": 470,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metodologi ini membantu memahami konteks dan kompleksitas strategi komunikasi global melalui analisis mendalam terhadap kasus tertentu. Langkah-langkah dalam menjelaskan metode penelitian ini dapat mencakup:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 371,
"width": 466,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Pemilihan Kasus: Memilih perusahaan atau organisasi sebagai kasus studi berdasarkan relevansi dengan strategi komunikasi global dan ketersediaan data yang memadai.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 412,
"width": 466,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Identifikasi Tujuan Studi Kasus: Menetapkan tujuan penelitian, seperti memahami implementasi strategi komunikasi global, mengidentifikasi tantangan yang dihadapi, atau mengevaluasi keberhasilan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 475,
"width": 466,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Pengumpulan Data: Mengumpulkan data melalui berbagai sumber, termasuk wawancara dengan pemangku kepentingan, analisis dokumen, pengamatan, dan mungkin survei.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 537,
"width": 466,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Analisis Data: Menganalisis data secara mendalam untuk mengidentifikasi pola, tren, dan faktor kunci yang mempengaruhi strategi komunikasi global",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 579,
"width": 466,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Konteks Global: Memasukkan dimensi global dalam analisis, seperti aspek budaya, linguistik, dan kebijakan komunikasi global.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 620,
"width": 466,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. Pengujian Teori: Jika ada, menguji teori-teori tertentu yang terkait dengan strategi komunikasi global yang digunakan dalam kasus tersebut.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 662,
"width": 466,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7. Pemaparan Temuan: Menyajikan temuan penelitian dengan menjelaskan secara rinci implementasi strategi komunikasi global, tantangan yang dihadapi, serta dampak dan pembelajaran yang diambil.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 790,
"width": 362,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright @ Suhairi, Fitri Maulida Husna, Aulia Hasanah, Siti Khofifah Saragih",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 239,
"top": 39,
"width": 141,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 60,
"width": 470,
"height": 181,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Komunikasi global merujuk pada pertukaran informasi, ide, dan pesan antara individu atau kelompok dari berbagai negara atau budaya (Ikhsan & Mandalia, 2015). Ini melibatkan penggunaan berbagai platform komunikasi, pemahaman terhadap perbedaan budaya, serta strategi yang memungkinkan penyampaian pesan yang efektif di lingkungan global yang beragam. Strategi komunikasi global melibatkan penggunaan bahasa, budaya, dan saluran komunikasi yang efektif untuk mencapai tujuan di pasar global (S. Ramadhani et al., 2022). Ini mencakup pemahaman mendalam tentang audiens internasional, adaptasi pesan, dan penggunaan teknologi untuk mengatasi batasan geografis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 246,
"width": 267,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Strategi Penyampaian Pesan dan Bahasa Audiens",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 267,
"width": 470,
"height": 223,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Strategi penyampaian pesan sangat penting dalam komunikasi global. Berbagai faktor seperti budaya, bahasa, dan norma-norma sosial dapat mempengaruhi cara pesan diterima oleh audiens global. Memperhatikan kepekaan terhadap perbedaan budaya, menggunakan bahasa yang tepat, dan memahami konteks lokal dapat membantu mencegah kesalahpahaman dan memastikan efektivitas komunikasi dalam skala global (Y. Ramadhani & Manafe, 2022). Adapun penggunaan alat bantu seperti penerjemah atau adaptasi pesan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan setiap pasar juga merupakan bagian integral dari strategi komunikasi global yang berhasil. Dalam komunikasi global, strategi penyampaian pesan yang efektif melibatkan pemahaman budaya, penggunaan bahasa yang jelas, serta adaptasi terhadap keberagaman audiens. Kekuatan penggunaan teknologi dan paham norma-norma komunikasi global juga krusial.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 496,
"width": 470,
"height": 201,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bahasa audiens merujuk pada penggunaan bahasa atau komunikasi yang sesuai dengan karakteristik, kebutuhan, dan preferensi pendengar atau penonton tertentu. Tujuannya adalah untuk memastikan pesan disampaikan dengan efektif dan dapat dipahami oleh target audiens. Bahasa audiens merujuk pada gaya bahasa yang disesuaikan dengan karakteristik dan kebutuhan target penonton atau pendengar (Nasution, 2007). Ini melibatkan penggunaan kata-kata, nada, dan gaya komunikasi yang dapat lebih efektif mencapai dan berinteraksi dengan audiens tertentu. Dalam upaya menyampaikan suatu pesan yang jelas konsisten kepada target audiens telah dilakukan dengan baik melalui elemen-elemen komunikasi pemasaran yang terintregasi sesuai dengan teori dikemukakan oleh Kotler & Amstrong (2006:15).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 703,
"width": 114,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Lobi dan Negosiasi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 724,
"width": 469,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lobi adalah suatu upaya yang dilakukan oleh individu, kelompok, atau organisasi untuk memengaruhi pembuat kebijakan, legislatif, atau otoritas lainnya guna mendukung",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 790,
"width": 362,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright @ Suhairi, Fitri Maulida Husna, Aulia Hasanah, Siti Khofifah Saragih",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 39,
"width": 470,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kepentingan mereka (Aryansyah, 2021). Tujuannya adalah untuk membentuk, mengubah, atau mempertahankan kebijakan, undang-undang, atau keputusan yang menguntungkan pihak yang melakukan lobi. Lobi dapat dilakukan melalui berbagai cara, termasuk pertemuan langsung dengan pembuat kebijakan, kampanye advokasi, kontribusi ke dana kampanye politik, atau melalui media dan saluran komunikasi lainnya (Isma, 2017). Penting untuk dicatat bahwa praktik lobi dapat memiliki berbagai tingkat transparansi dan dapat menimbulkan perdebatan etika tergantung pada cara dan tujuannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 184,
"width": 470,
"height": 181,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Negosiasi adalah proses interaktif di mana pihak-pihak yang terlibat berusaha mencapai kesepakatan atau kompromi dalam situasi di mana terdapat perbedaan kepentingan, pandangan, atau posisi (Saputri, 2023). Tujuannya adalah menciptakan hasil yang memuaskan bagi semua pihak yang terlibat, meskipun mungkin melibatkan pengorbanan atau penyesuaian dari masing-masing pihak. Negosiasi dapat terjadi dalam berbagai konteks, termasuk bisnis, diplomasi, hubungan interpersonal, atau penyelesaian konflik (Evelina, 2004). Keberhasilan negosiasi sering kali tergantung pada kemampuan pihak-pihak terlibat untuk mendengarkan, berkomunikasi, dan menemukan solusi yang memuaskan semua pihak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 371,
"width": 470,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam ringkasan, lobi lebih fokus pada upaya memengaruhi kebijakan atau keputusan, sementara negosiasi lebih berkaitan dengan mencapai kesepakatan atau kompromi langsung antara pihak-pihak yang terlibat. Meskipun betuknya berbeda (Ardianto et al., 2018), Pada esensinya lobi dan negosiasi mempunyai tujuan yang sama yaitu menggunakan tehnik komunikasi untuk mencapat target tertentu. Dibandingkan dengan negosiasi yang merupakan suatu proses resmi atau formal, lobi merupakan suatu pendekatan secara informal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 537,
"width": 59,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 558,
"width": 469,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari hasil pembahasan, kita menjelajahi strategi komunikasi global dan dampaknya terhadap keberhasilan bisnis internasional. Temuan utama menyoroti pentingnya memahami perbedaan budaya, bahasa, dan norma-norma komunikasi di pasar global. Strategi penyampaian pesan yang mempertimbangkan keanekaragaman ini membantu mencapai efektivitas komunikasi dan membangun hubungan yang kuat dengan berbagai audiens. Selain itu, lobi dan negosiasi juga terbukti krusial dalam menghadapi tantangan dan mencapai kesepakatan yang menguntungkan di pasar internasional.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 703,
"width": 469,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam konteks komunikasi global, teknik lobi dan negosiasi muncul sebagai instrumen kunci dalam membentuk hubungan yang sukses dan mencapai kesepakatan saling menguntungkan. Lobi memungkinkan perusahaan untuk memahami dinamika lokal,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 790,
"width": 362,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright @ Suhairi, Fitri Maulida Husna, Aulia Hasanah, Siti Khofifah Saragih",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 39,
"width": 469,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "membangun kepercayaan, dan menavigasi perbedaan budaya. Sementara itu, negosiasi memainkan peran vital dalam mengatasi hambatan dan mencapai kesepakatan yang memadai dalam lingkungan bisnis global yang kompleks. Kesimpulannya, keterampilan lobi dan negosiasi yang cermat dan adaptif merupakan elemen kunci untuk mencapai sukses dalam komunikasi global dan mengoptimalkan peluang bisnis internasional.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 261,
"top": 163,
"width": 98,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 183,
"width": 378,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aliana, W. (n.d.). Strategi Komunikasi Dalam Proses Lobby dan Negosiasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 204,
"width": 470,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ardianto, Prisanto, G. F., irwansyah, Ernungtyas, N. F., & Hidayanto, S. (2018). PRAKTIK LOBI DAN NEGOSIASI OLEH LEGISLATOR SEBAGAI BENTUK KOMUNIKASI POLITIK. 25 – 39. Aryansyah, J. (2021). Implementasi teknik lobi dan negosiasi yang efektif dalam melakukan bisnis.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 287,
"width": 470,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Evelina, L. (2004). PENTINGNYA KETERAMPILAN BERKOMUNIKASI DALAM LOBI DAN NEGOSIASI. 1(2), 50 – 58.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 329,
"width": 469,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ikhsan, M. F., & Mandalia, S. A. (2015). KOMUNIKASI PUBLIC RELATIONS DALAM IMPLEMENTASI TEKNIK LOBI DAN NEGOSIASI PADA KEGIATAN EKSTERNAL TELKOM FOUNDATION. 2(1), 934 – 951.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 391,
"width": 435,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Isma, F. (2017). EFEKTIVITAS KOMUNIKASI NEGOSIASI DALAM BISNIS. ix(2), 105 – 122.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 412,
"width": 469,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nasution, R. Z. (2007). KEMAMPUAN LOBI DAN NEGOSIASI MENJADI SUATU KEHARUSAN GLOBAL. 5(1).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 453,
"width": 470,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ramadhani, S., Nasution, J. H., Azhari, M. I., & Kustiawan, W. (2022). Strategi Lobi dan Negosiasi Dalam Proses Komunikasi Politik. 1(1), 89 – 95.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 495,
"width": 470,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ramadhani, Y., & Manafe, L. A. (2022). Strategi lobi dan negosiasi dalam membina",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 515,
"width": 442,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "hubungan baik klien ksp citra abadi. 5, 243 – 252. https://doi.org/10.37600/ekbi.v5i1.456",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 557,
"width": 470,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rosdiani, K., Hidayatullah, M. I., Krisna, B., & Safitri, D. (n.d.). STRATEGI LOBI DAN NEGOSIASI PEMBANGUNAN SEKOLAH DI UTARA , KAMPUNG BARU NELAYAN , CILINCING RT 07 / RW 08 JAKARTA UTARA. 147 – 158.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 619,
"width": 469,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Saputri, O. (2023). Kemampuan Berkomunikasi Sebagai Indikator Keberhasilan Lobi dan Negosiasi. June.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 661,
"width": 469,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tinambunan, T. M., & Siahaan, C. (2022). Implementasi teknik lobi dan negosiasi yang efektif dalam melakukan bisnis. 2(2), 55 – 67.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
f3475dc1-8434-b470-c16c-315024facf1e | https://stiemuttaqien.ac.id/ojs/index.php/OJS/article/download/1226/846 | [
{
"left": 289,
"top": 783,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "241",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 59,
"width": 261,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Vol. 11 No. 3 November 2022 P - ISSN",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 201,
"top": 72,
"width": 57,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": ": 2503-4413",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 85,
"width": 195,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "E - ISSN : 2654-5837, Hal 241 - 248",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 63,
"top": 114,
"width": 470,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PENGARUH PERILAKU KEPEMIMPINAN, LINGKUNGAN KERJA DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP KOMITMEN PEGAWAI PADA KANTOR IMIGRASI KELAS I TPI KENDARI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 255,
"top": 155,
"width": 91,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Oleh : Norna Ulfah Sayuti,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 179,
"width": 327,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Program Studi Manajemen, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Enam-Enam Kendari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 272,
"top": 191,
"width": 56,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ibnu Hajar,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 202,
"width": 322,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Program Studi Manajemen, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Enam-Enam Kendari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 261,
"top": 214,
"width": 77,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ummy Kalsum*,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 225,
"width": 444,
"height": 274,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dosen Program Pasca Sarjana Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Enam Enam Kendari *Coresponding Author Email : [email protected] Article Info Abstract Article History : Received 16 Nov - 2022 Accepted 25 Nov - 2022 Available Online 30 Nov – 2022 This study aims to determine: (1) The influence of leadership behavior, work environment, and job satisfaction simultaneously affect employee commitment at the Immigration Office Class I TPI Kendari. (2) The influence of leadership behavior on employee commitment at the Immigration Office Class I TPI Kendari. (3) The influence of the work environment on employee commitment at the Immigration Office Class I TPI Kendari. (4) The effect of job satisfaction on employee commitment to Class I Immigration Office TPI Kendari. The study population was all employees of the TPI Kendari Class I Immigration Office, namely as many as 76 excluding the leadership, the research data was collected using a questionnaire and processed using the SPSS statistical application. The results of this study indicate that: (1) leadership behavior, work environment, and job satisfaction simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on employee commitment at the Immigration Office Class I TPI Kendari. (2) leadership behavior has a positive and significant effect on employee commitment at the Immigration Office Class I TPI Kendari. (3) work environment has a positive and significant effect on employee commitment at the Immigration Office Class I TPI Kendari (4) job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee commitment at the Immigration Office Class I TPI Kendari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 503,
"width": 125,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keyword : Leadership Behavior, Work Environment, Job Satisfaction And Employee Commitment",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 783,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "242",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 53,
"top": 59,
"width": 106,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 72,
"width": 485,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Manajemen sumber daya manusia merupakan suatu hal yang yang sangat penting bagi sebuah organisasi atau perusahaan. Oleh sebab itu, manajemen sumber daya manusia harus mendapat perhatian lebih oleh suatu organisasi atau perusahaan. Bagaimanapun canggihnya suatu teknologi yang dimiliki perusahaan, hal itu tidak akan berjalan baik apabila tidak didukung oleh tenaga kerja yang handal sebaliknya apabila organisasi didukung oleh tenaga kerja yang mahir pada bidangnya, maka akan dengan mudah menjalankan tujuan dari organisasi. Dalam menjalankan itu, diperlukan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas sehingga mampu mengelola perusahaan secara efektif dan efisien.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 160,
"width": 485,
"height": 188,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perilaku Kepemimpinan Kantor Imigrasi Kelas I TPI Kendari belum sepenuhnya baik, karena kurang melakukan pengawasan, kurang memberikan dukungan terhadap bawahan, lingkungan kerja pada Kantor Imigrasi Kelas I TPI Kendari belum sepenuhnya baik dikarenakan fasilitas kerja perlu diperbaharui karena sudah termakan usia seperti meja dan kursi, alat kebersihan masih kurang. Kepuasan kerja pada Kantor Imigrasi Kelas I TPI Kendari belum sepenuhnya baik karena sebagian pegawai masih sering datang terlambat, dan pulang sebelum waktunya hal tersebut dapat menurunkan komitmen pegawai menurun akibatnya menurunnya sikap loyal pegawai terhadap organisasi, dan kurang konsisten dalam melakukan pekerjaan. Intan Purnama (2019) mengungkapkan bahwa lingkungan kerja tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap komitmen organisasi karyawan lain halnya dengan yang diungkapkan David Panjaitan (2020) dan Yuliani Lase dan Sahyar (2022) menunjukkan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel lingkungan kerja, dan kepuasan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap komitmen kerja terhadap pegawai. Sedangkan pada variable kepuasan kerja, Intan Purnama (2019) mengemukakan bahwa kepuasan kerja tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap komitmen pegawai, lain halnya dengan yang diungkapkan oleh Novita Indah Sari, (2020), Sri Yanti (2017) , Odang (2020), Yuliani Lase dan Sahyar (2022) maupun David Panjaitan (2020) mengemukakan bahwa kepuasan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap komitmen organisasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 350,
"width": 305,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. KAJIAN PUSTAKA DAN PENGEMBANGAN HIPOTESIS Manamejen Sumber Daya Manusia",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 376,
"width": 485,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut Pandi Afandi (2018:3) manajemen sumber daya manusia adalah ilmu atau seni yang mengatur hubungan dan peran tenaga kerja secara efektif dan efisien sehingga tercapai tujuan perusahaan , karyawan dan masyarakat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 413,
"width": 485,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan beberapa definisi di atas, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa manajemen sumber daya manusia adalah ilmu dan seni dalam mengelola, sumber daya manusia dengan cara penarikan, seleksi, pengembangan, pemeliharaan untuk mencapai tujuan yang efektif dan efisien baik bagi individu maupun organisasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 464,
"width": 119,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perilaku Kepemimpinan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 477,
"width": 485,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Wahjosumidjo (2006:349) mengemukakan fungsi kepemimpinan yaitu:1) membangkitkan kepercayaan dan loyalitas bawahan, 2) mengkomunikasikan gagasan kepada orang lain 3) dengan berbagai cara mempengaruhi orang lain 4) menciptakan perubahan secara efektif di dalam penampilan kelompok, dan menggerakkan orang lain, sehingga secara sadar orang lain tersebut mau melakukan apa yang dikehendaki. Sementara itu Siagian (2007:47), mengemukakan lima fungsi kepemimpinan, yaitu : (1) pimpinan selaku penentu arah yang akan ditempuh dalam usaha pencapaian tujuan, (2) wakil dan juru bicara organisasi dalam hubungan dengan pihak-pihak di luar organisasi, (3) pimpinan selaku komunikator yang efektif, (4) mediator yang handal khususnya dalam hubungan ke dalam, terutama menangani situasi konflik, (5) pimpinan selaku integrator yang efektif, rasional, objektif dan netral. Jadi, perilaku kepemimpinan adalah sikap atau tindakan pimpinan upaya dalam mengerahkan atau menjalankan organisasi sehingga sehingga anggota organisasi dapat bekerja efektif dan efisien untuk tercapainnya tujuan organisasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 629,
"width": 91,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lingkungan Kerja",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 641,
"width": 485,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut Robbins (2013:86) lingkungan kerja adalah lembaga-lembaga atau kekuatan- kekuatan diluar yang berpotensi mempengaruhi kinerja organisasi, lingkungan dirumuskan menjadi dua yaitu lingkungan umum dan lingkungan khusus. Lingkungan umum adalah segala sesuatu di luar organisasi yang memilki potensi untuk mempengaruhi organisasi. Nitisemito (2012:183) menyatakan bahwa lingkungan kerja adalah segala sesuatu yang ada disekitar para pekerja dan yang dapat mempengaruhi dirinya dalam menjalankan tugas- tugas yang dibebankan. Dari pendapat para ahli diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa lingkungan kerja adalah segala sesuatu yang ada disekitar karyawan pada saat bekerja baik berupa fisik maupun nonfisik yang dapat mempengaruhi karyawan saat bekerja. Jika lingkungan kerja yang kondusif maka karyawan bisa aman, nyaman dan jika lingkungan kerja tidak mendukung maka karyawan tidak bisa aman dan nyaman.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 783,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "243",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 59,
"width": 80,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kepuasan Kerja",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 72,
"width": 485,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Martoyo (2000:16) mengungkapkan bahwa kepuasan kerja merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam suatu organisasi karena dapat mempengaruhi produktivitas pegawai. Adapun yang dimaksud dengan kepuasan kerja adalah keadaan emosional karyawan yang terjadi maupun tidak terjadi titik temu antara nilai balas jasa karyawan dan perusahaan dengan tingkat balas jasa yang diinginkan oleh karyawan yang bersangkutan. Menurut Robbins dalam Sulamah (2012:20), kepuasan kerja merujuk kepada sikap umum seorang individu terhadap pekerjaannya, seseorang yang memiliki kepuasan kerja tinggi menunjukkan sikap positif terhadap pekerjaan, orang yang memiliki kepuasan kerja rendah menunjukan sikap negatif terhadap pekerjaan. Jadi, kepuasan kerja adalah sikap atau reaksi individu terhadap apa yang diberikan atau didapatkan dalam sebuah organisasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 186,
"width": 95,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Komitmen Pegawai",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 198,
"width": 484,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "John (2006:169) mengungkapkan bahwa “komitmen baik terhadap organisasi dan kepada tim dimana seseorang berada-secara positif berhubungan dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 221,
"width": 485,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "‘kesediaan untuk membantu’ dalam studi yang lain. Dan studi yang serupa menyimpulkan bahwa komitmen organisasi berhubungan dengan kemampuan karyawan dan organisasi untuk beradaptasi dengan kejadian yang tidak dapat diketahui sebelumnya. Secara singkat pada intinya beberapa defenisi komitmen dari beberapa ahli diatas mempunyai penekanan hampir sama yaitu proses pada individu (pegawai) dalam mengidentifikasikan dirinya dengan nilai-nilai, aturan- aturan dan tujuan organisasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 285,
"width": 485,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut Rivai (2006:248) bahwa “komitmen kerja pegawai adalah suatu keadaan dimana seorang pegawai memihak pada suatu organisasi tertentu dan tujuan- tujuannya serta berniat memelihara keanggotaanya dalam organisasi itu. Jadi adanya keterlibatan seorang karyawan pada pekerjaannya secara aktif bukan secara pasif.” Berdasarkan ungkapan para ahli diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa pegawai yang memiliki komitmen kerja yang tinggi akan m e m i l i k i kepedulian terhadap pekerjaan yang diberikan serta adanya dorongan dalam diri untuk bekerja lebih baik dengan tingkat kepuasan kerja dan disiplin yang tinggi sehingga pegawai mempunyai waktu lebih banyak untuk menyelesaikan suatu pekerjaan dalam organisasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 388,
"width": 223,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. METODE PENELITIAN Objek Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 401,
"width": 485,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Objek penelitian ini adalah komitmen pegawai pada Kantor Imigrasi kelas I TPI Kendari. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian asosiatif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah pegawai Kantor Imigrasi Kelas I Kota Kendari yaitu sebanyak 76 orang tidak termasuk pimpinan. Sampel Teknik penentuan sampel dilakukan dengan cara sensus/ total sampling yaitu mengambil seluruh karyawan yaitu sebanyak 67 orang menjadi responden penelitian dengan alasan bahwa jumlah tersebut dapat dijangkau oleh peneliti.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 464,
"width": 157,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Estimasi Koefisien Regresi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 489,
"width": 484,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data diperoleh hasil regresi dari perilaku kepemimpinan (X1), lingkungan Kerja (X2), kepuasan kerja (X3) Terhadap komitmen pegawai (Y) sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 515,
"width": 386,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 1 estimasi koefisien regrsi Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant 11.250 4.874 2.308 .024 perilaku kepemimp inan (x1) .151 .055 .281 2.765 .007 lingkunga n kerja (x2) .222 .087 .295 2.556 .013 kepuasan kerja (x3) .218 .089 .281 2.435 .018",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 245,
"top": 701,
"width": 118,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sumber: data primer 2022",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 713,
"width": 484,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel tersebut diatas menunjukan bahwa persamaan regresi linear berganda adalah sebagai berikut: Y= a+b 1 X 1 +b 2 X 2 +b 3 X 3 Y= 11,250+ 0,151 + 0,222+0,218 Berdasarkan persamaan regresi tersebut, maka dapat diketahui bahwa: b1 = 0.152 artinya bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif dari perubahan perilaku kepemimpinan terhadap",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 783,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "244",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 59,
"width": 456,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "perubahan komitmen pegawai. Artinya apabila perilaku kepemimpinan meningkat, maka komitmen pegawai juga meningkat. b2 = 0.152 artinya bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif dari perubahan lingkungan kerja terhadap perubahan komitmen pegawai. Artinya apabila lingkungan kerja meningkat, maka komitmen pegawai juga meningkat. b3 = 0.152 artinya bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif dari perubahan perilaku kepemimpinan terhadap perubahan komitmen pegawai. Artinya apabila perilaku kepemimpinan meningkat, maka komitmen pegawai juga meningkat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 135,
"width": 133,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Koefisien Koefisien korelasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 148,
"width": 485,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Koefisien korelasi merupakan suatu nilai besar pengaruh secara bersama-sama variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat. Permasalahan yang diteliti pada penelitian ini adalah pengaruh perilaku kepemimpinan, lingkungan kerja, dan kepuasan kerja terhadap komitmen pegawai kantor Imigrasi Kelas 1 TPI Kendari. Diperoleh koefisien determinasi sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 198,
"width": 133,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel tabel koefisien korelasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 300,
"width": 485,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada tabel 5.1, diketahui bahwa koefisien korelasi antara perilaku kepemimpinan, lingkungan kerja, dan kepuasan kerja pegawai terhadap komitmen pegawai pada Kantor Imigrasi Kelas 1 Kendari adalah sebesar 0.598. Ini berarti bahwa terdapat hubungan korelasi yang kuat dan positif diantara variabel tersebut. Artinya baik perilaku kepemimpinan kemudian didukung oleh lingkungan kerja dan kepuasan kerja yang meningkat akan dapat meningkatkan komitmen pegawai pada Kantor Imigrasi Kelas 1 Kendari. Hal dapat diketahui melalui kriteria koefisien korelasi sebagai berikut: 0-0,25 : Korelasi sangat lemah 0,25-0,5 : Korelasi cukup, 0,5-0,75 : Korelasi kuat 0,75-1 : Korelasi sangat kuat (Sumber: Sarwono,2007:35)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 401,
"width": 194,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Koefisien Determinasi Ganda (R square)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 413,
"width": 485,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil analisis pada tabel di atas menunjukan bahwa nilai R square sebesar 0,358 ini berarti kontribusi variabel perilaku kepemimpinan lingkungan kerja,dan kepuasan kerja pegawai kerja terhadap komitmen pegawai Kantor Imigrasi Kelas I TPI Kendari adalah 35,8%, selebihnya sebesar 0,642 atau 64,2% diterangkan oleh variabel lain yang tidak dimasukan kedalam model penelitian ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 464,
"width": 27,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji F",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 477,
"width": 485,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perilaku kepemimpinan (X1), lingkungan kerja (X2) dan kepuasan kerja (X3) secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap komitmen pegawai (Y) pada Kantor Imigrasi Kelas I TPI Kendari. Hal ini didasarkan pada hasil uji F pada tingkat kepercayaanα 0.95 atau taraf nyata α= 0,05 derajat bebas 63, dimana f sig = 0,00<0,05. Ini artinya bahwa baik perilaku kepemimpinan dan didukung oleh lingkungan kerja dan kepuasan kerja yang baik maka akan dapat meningkatkan komitmen pegawai pada Kantor Imigrasi Kelas I TPI Kendari..",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 553,
"width": 24,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji t",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 565,
"width": 485,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji t dimaksudkan untuk menguji pengaruh perilaku kepemimpinan, lingkungan kerja dan kepuasan kerja terhadap komitmen pegawai pada Kantor Imigrasi Kelas I TPI Kendari sesuai hasil analis computer (SPSS program) menunjukan bahwa:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 603,
"width": 484,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perilaku kepemimpinan (X1) secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan sinifikan terhadap komitmen pegawai pada Kantor Imigrasi Kelas I TPI Kendari. Hal ini didasarkan pada oleh hasil uji t dengan tingkat kepercayaan 0,95 atau taraf nyata α= 0,05 derajat bebas 63, dimana nilai t cig =",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 251,
"width": 27,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Model",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 251,
"width": 9,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "R",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 190,
"top": 239,
"width": 9,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "R",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 215,
"width": 219,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .598 a .358 .327 1.733",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 783,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "245",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 59,
"width": 484,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "0,007< 0,05. Ini berarti bahwa hipotesis perilaku kepempinan secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap komitmen pegawai pada Kantor Imigrasi Kelas I TPI Kendari dapat diterima.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 85,
"width": 485,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lingkungan kerja (X2) secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan sinifikan terhadap komitmen pegawai pada Kantor Imigrasi Kelas I TPI Kendari. Hal ini didasarkan pada oleh hasil uji t dengan tingkat kepercayaan 0,95 atau taraf nyata α= 0,05 derajat bebas 63, dimana nilai t cig = 0,013< 0,05. Ini berarti bahwa hipotesis lingkungan kerja secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap komitmen pegawai pada Kantor Imigrasi Kelas I TPI Kendari dapat diterima.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 148,
"width": 485,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kepuasan kerja (X3) secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan sinifikan terhadap komitmen pegawai pada Kantor Imigrasi Kelas I TPI Kendari. Hal ini didasarkan pada oleh hasil uji t dengan tingkat kepercayaan 0,95 atau taraf nyata α= 0,05 derajat bebas 63, dimana nilai t cig = 0,000< 0,018. Ini berarti bahwa hipotesis kepuasan kerja secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap komitmen pegawai pada Kantor Imigrasi Kelas I TPI Kendari dapat diterima.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 211,
"width": 484,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian Pengaruh Perilaku Kepemimpinan,Lingkungan Kerja Dan Kepuasan Kerja Secara Simultan Terhadap Komitmen Pegawai Kantor Imigrasi Kelas 1 Kendari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 49,
"top": 249,
"width": 492,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perilaku kepemimpinan, lingkungan kerja dan kepuasan kerja secara simultan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap komitmen pegawai pada Kantor Imigrasi Kelas i TPI Kendari. Ini artinya bahwa semakin baik perilaku kepemimpinan yang diberikan juga didukung baiknya lingkungan kerja dan kepuasan kerja maka akan dapat meningkatkan komitmen pegawai pada Kantor Imigrasi Kelas I TPI Kendari.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 49,
"top": 300,
"width": 492,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian yang sejalan dengan ini adalah penelitian yang dilakukan oleh oleh Odang (2020), Dyah Pikanthi Diwanti (2020) dan Sri Yanti (2017) bahwa perilaku kepemimpinan berpengaruh langsung terhadap komitmen organisasi karyawan, David Panjaitan (2020) dan Yuliani Lase dan Sahyar (2022) menunjukkan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel lingkungan kerja, dan kepuasan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap komitmen kerja Kerja terhadap Karyawan. Para ahli yang mendukung peryataan diatas adalah Madura (2006:223) mengemukakan bahwa kepemimpinan sebagai proses untuk mempengaruhi kebiasaan orang lain untuk mencapai tujuan bersama. Hal ini dapat mencakup komunikasi mengenai pekerjaan kepada para pegawai dan juga metode-metode untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan tersebut. Sejalan dengan pendapat tersebut, Rasyid (2008:75) mengemukakan bahwa kepemimpinan adalah sebuah konsep yang merangkum berbagai segi dari interaksi pengaruh antara pemimpin dengan pengikutnya dalam mengejar tujuan bersama.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 49,
"top": 426,
"width": 492,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Perilaku Kepemimpinan Terhadap Komitmen Pegawai pada Kantor Imigrasi Kelas I TPI Kendari",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 49,
"top": 451,
"width": 492,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat diketahui bahwa perilaku kepemimpinan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap komitmen pegawai. Artinya bahwa semakin baik perilaku kepemimpinan yang diberikan kepada pegawai maka semakin baik komitmen pegawai dipresepsi pada indikator instuktruktif, konsultatif, partisipatif dan delegatif dapat meningkatkan komitmen pegawai yang terimplementasi pada komitmen afektif, komitmen berkelanjutan dan komitmen normatif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 49,
"top": 515,
"width": 492,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian yang sejalan dengan penelitian ini adalah Penelitian yang sejalan dengan ini adalah penelitian yang dilakukan oleh oleh Odang (2020), Dyah Pikanthi Diwanti (2020) dan Sri Yanti (2017) bahwa perilaku kepemimpinan berpengaruh langsung terhadap komitmen organisasi karyawan, hal tersbut didunkung dengan pryataan ahli Wahjosumidjo (2006:349) mengemukakan fungsi kepemimpinan yaitu:1) membangkitkan kepercayaan dan loyalitas bawahan, 2) mengkomunikasikan gagasan kepada orang lain 3) dengan berbagai cara mempengaruhi orang lain 4) menciptakan perubahan secara efektif di dalam penampilan kelompok, dan menggerakkan orang lain, sehingga secara sadar orang lain tersebut mau melakukan apa yang dikehendaki. Artinya bahwa perilaku kepemimpinan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 603,
"width": 233,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dapat mengakibatkan kepercayaan dan loyalitas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 49,
"top": 616,
"width": 384,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "pegawai atau dalam hal ini hubungannya dengan komitmen pegawai dalam organisasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 629,
"width": 485,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Komitmen Pegawai pada Kantor Imigrasi Kelas I TPI Kendari",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 654,
"width": 485,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat diketahui bahwa lingkungan kerja berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap komitmen pegawai. Artinya bahwa semakin baik lingkungan kerja yang diberikan kepada pegawai maka semakin baik komitmen pegawai dipresepsi pada indikator suasana kerja, hubungan dengan rekan kerja, dan tersedianya fasilitas kerja dapat meningkatkan komitmen pegawai yang terimplementasi pada komitmen afektif, komitmen berkelanjutan dan komitmen normatif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 717,
"width": 485,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian yang sejalan dengan penelitian ini yang dilakukan oleh Novita Indah Sari, (2020), Sri Yanti (2017) , Odang (2020), Yuliani Lase dan Sahyar (2022) maupun David Panjaitan (2020) mengemukakan bahwa kepuasan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap komitmen organisasi karyawan pnelitian terseut didukung oleh peryataan Pandi Afandi (2018:78) salah satu yang mempengaruhi komitmen kerja pegawai adalah adalah kepuasan kerja menyatakan bahwa komitmen organisasi mencerminkan tingkatan dimana",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 783,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "246",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 59,
"width": 485,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "individu mengeditifikasi dengan organisasi mempunyai komitmen terhadap tujuannya. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan kuatkarena meningkatkan kepuasan kerja akan menimbulkan tingkat komitmen yang lebih tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 97,
"width": 106,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keterbatasan penelitian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 110,
"width": 485,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dalam penelitian ini kontribusi variabel perilaku kepemimpinan, lingkungan kerja,dan kepuasan kerja pegawai kerja terhadap komitmen pegawai Kantor Imigrasi Kelas I TPI Kendari adalah 35,8%, selebihnya sebesar 0,642 atau 64,2% diterangkan oleh variabel lain yang tidak dimasukan kedalam model penelitian ini. Disarankan agar peneliti selanjutnya memasukan variabel seperti: motivasi, budaya organisasi, dan lain sebagainya Penelitian yang sejalan dengan ini adalah penelitian yang dilakukan oleh David Panjaitan (2020) dan Yuliani Lase dan Sahyar (2022) menunjukkan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap komitmen kerja terhadap Karyawan. Hal tersebut didukung oleh Lingkungan kerja mempunyai keterkaitan terhadap komitmen kerja karyawan. Menurut Nitisemito (2012:183) menyatakan bahwa lingkungan kerja adalah segala sesuatu yang ada disekitar para pekerja dan yang dapat mempengaruhi dirinya dalam menjalankan tugas-tugas yang dibebankan, apabila dalam menjalankan tugas dalam organisasi lingkungannya baik, maka pegawai akan selalu berkomitmen kerja baik. Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Komitmen",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 320,
"top": 249,
"width": 211,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pegawai pada Kantor Imigrasi Kelas I",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 262,
"width": 66,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "TPI Kendari",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 274,
"width": 485,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat diketahui bahwa kepuasan kerja berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap komitmen pegawai. Artinya bahwa semakin baik kepuasan kerja yang diberikan kepada pegawai maka semakin baik komitmen pegawai dipresepsi pada indikator loyalitas, absensi, konflik dan mutasi dapat meningkatkan komitmen pegawai yang terimplementasi pada komitmen afektif, komitmen berkelanjutan dan komitmen normatif. Penelitian yang sejalan dengan penelitian ini yang dilakukan oleh Novita Indah Sari, (2020), Sri Yanti (2017) , Odang (2020), Yuliani Lase dan Sahyar (2022) maupun David Panjaitan (2020) mengemukakan bahwa kepuasan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap komitmen organisasi karyawan penelitian tersebut didukung oleh pernyataan Pandi Afandi (2018:78) salah satu yang mempengaruhi komitmen kerja pegawai adalah kepuasan kerja menyatakan bahwa komitmen organisasi mencerminkan tingkatan dimana individu mengeditifikasi dengan organisasi mempunyai komitmen terhadap tujuannya. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan kuat karena meningkatkan kepuasan kerja akan menimbulkan tingkat komitmen yang lebih tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 426,
"width": 92,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 439,
"width": 475,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pembahasan pada bab sebelumnya maka berikut ini beberapa kesimpulan penelitian yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 464,
"width": 475,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. perilaku kepemimpinan, lingkungan kerja, kepuasan kerja, berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap komitmen pegawai. Semakin baik perilaku kepemimpinan, lingkungan kerja dan kepuasan kerja maka komitmen pegawai akan semakin tinggi, dengan kata lain, perubahan yang terjadi pada perilaku kepemimpinan, lingkungan kerja dan kepuasan kerja berimplikasi secara signifikan terhadap komitmen pegawai",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 527,
"width": 475,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Perilaku kepemimpinan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap komitmen pegawai. Semakin tinggi perilaku kepemipinan maka komitmen pegawai akan semakin tinggi, dengan kata lain, perubahan yang terjadi pada perilaku kepemimpinan berimplikasi secara signifikan terhadap komitmen pegawai.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 783,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "247",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 59,
"width": 413,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Lingkungan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap komitmen pegawai. Semakin tinggi lingkungan kerja maka komitmen pegawai akan semakin tinggi, dengan kata lain, perubahan yang terjadi pada lingkungan kerja berimplikasi secara signifikan terhadap komitmen pegawai.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 110,
"width": 412,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Kepuasan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap komitmen pegawai. Semakin tinggi kepuasan kerja maka komitmen pegawai akan semakin tinggi, dengan kata lain, perubahan yang terjadi pada kepuasan kerja berimplikasi secara signifikan terhadap komitmen pegawai.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 161,
"width": 79,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6. REFERENSI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 173,
"width": 471,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Afandi, Pandi. (2018). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia:Teori, Konsep dan Indikator .Tampan Pekan Baru Riau: Nusa Media Yogyakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 198,
"width": 470,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Arep dan Tanjung, 2008, Manajemen Motivasi , PT. Grasindo, Jakarta. Arikunto, Suharsimi, 2006. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik , Rinneka Cipta, Jakarta. Armstrong, M. 2009. Manajemen Sumberdaya Manusia , Media Komputindo. Jakarta As’ad, Muhammad. 2008. Psikologi Industri. Liberti: Yogyakarta. Bernardin dan Rusel dalam Ruky (2002) Center For Population and Policy Changgriawan, Garry Surya. 2017. Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Di One Way Production . Jurnal Program Manajemen Bisnis, Program Studi Manajemen, Universitas Kristen Petra.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 312,
"width": 470,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Cranny, 2007. Job Statisfication : How People Feel About Their Job and How it Effect Their Performance. Lexington Press. New York.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 338,
"width": 470,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Diwanti, Dyah Pikanthi. 2020. Pengaruh perilaku kepemimpinan terhadap komitmen anggota Pada Buana Pimpinan Daerah Nasyiatul Aisyiyah Kabupaten Kendal. Jawa Timur. Penerbit: Universitas Airlangga.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 376,
"width": 471,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dharma, Agus, 2005. Manajemen Prestasi Kerja , Ghalia Indonesia, Jakarta Gozali, Imam.2011. Analisis Miltivariative Dengan Program IBM SPSS 19 (edisi kelima) semarang: Universitas Diponegoro.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 413,
"width": 471,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Handoko, Hani. 2008. Manajemen Personalia dan Sumber Daya Manusia . BPFE : Yogyakarta. Hasbuan, Malayu S.P. 2013. Manajemen Suber Daya Manusia .Cetakan ke- 17.Jakarta:PT Bumi Aksara. Husnan, Suad dan Ranupandjoyo, Heidjrachman, 2005. Manajemen Personalia , BPFE, UGM., Yogyakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 464,
"width": 471,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kadarisman, M. Dr. 2012. Manajemen Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia . Luthans, 2007. Performance and Motivation : Prentice Hall, New York. Madura, Jeff. 2006. Pengantar Bisnis , (Terjemahan Saruyini W.R. Salib), Salemba Empat: Jakarta. Lase, Yuliani. 2022. Pengaruh lingkungan kerja, kepemimpinan, dan kepuasan kerja terhadap komitmen kariawan , Locke, E. A. 2009. What is Job Statisfication, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 540,
"width": 471,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mangkunegara, A. P. 2013. Manajemen sumber daya manusia . Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya: Bandung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 565,
"width": 470,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mangkunegara, A.P. Anwar Prabu. 2009. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Perusahaa . PT. Remaja Rosdakarya. Bandung.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 591,
"width": 442,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Manullang, M, 2006, Manajemen Personalia , Ghalia Indonsesia Jakarta. Mathis R.L dan Jackson J.H, 2006, Manajemen Sumber daya Manusi a, Salemba Empat, Jakarta. Martoyo, Susilo. 1990. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia . Yogyakarta: BPFE Milton. 2005. Human Behavior In Organization , prentice-hall Inc. Clifft,. N.J. Rangkuti, Freddy, 2007, Measuring Customer Satisfication , PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 654,
"width": 470,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Purnama, Intan. 2019. Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan, Motivasi Kerja, Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Dan Komitmen Organisasi Karyawan Di Perguruan Tinggi Pelita Indonesia Pekanbaru . Penerbit: Procuration Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Purwanto. 2009. Gaya Kepemimpinan Yang Efektif Bagi Manajer , CV. Sinar Baru: Bandung. Rasyid, Ryaas. 2008. Kajian Awal Birokrasi Pemerintahan Orde Baru , di download dari :http// www.geocitios .com.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 730,
"width": 470,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mathis, Robert L dan Jackson John H.. 2006. Manajemen Sumber Saya Manusia. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 755,
"width": 412,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Notoatmodjo, Soekidjo. 2009. Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. Riduwan dan Akdon. 2008. Rumus dan Data Dalam Analisis Statistika . Alfabeta: Bandung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 783,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "248",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 59,
"width": 471,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Riduwan. 2002. Skala Pengukuran Variabel- Variabel Penelitian . Alfabeta : Bandung. Robbins. S.P , 2008, Perilaku Organisai : Konsep, Kontroversi, Apliksi , Alih Bahasa oleh Adyana Pujasmaka, PT. Prenhalindo, Jakarta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 97,
"width": 470,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ruky Achmad S., 2007, Sistem Manajemen Kinerja . di download dari :http// www.geocitios .com. Samir, Sofyan, 2008, Motivasi Karyawan dan Pendekatan Manusiawi , Jakarta, Rineka Cipta. Samsudin, Sadili, 2005, Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia , Pustaka Setia, Bandung. Sarwoto, 2005. Dasar-Dasar Organisasi dan Manajemen , Ghalia Indonesia, Jakarta. Sedarmayanti.2007.Sumber Daya Manusia dan Produktifitas Kerja . Bandung: Mandar Maju. Siagian, S.P. 2008. Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional , CV. Haji Masagung, Jakarta Siegel, L., 2007. Personnel and Organizational Psychology . Homewood. Simamora Henry, 2011. Manajemen Sumberdaya Manusia , STIE., YKPN, Yogyakarta. Simamora Henry, 2009. Manajemen Sumberdaya Manusia , STIE., YKPN, Yogyakarta. Somantri Ating dan Muhidin Sambas Ali, 2006, Aplikasi Statistika Dalam Penelitian , Pustaka Setia, Bandung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 249,
"width": 471,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sugiyono, 2011. Metode Penelitian Bisnis . Alfa Beta. Bandung. Sugiyono, 2005. Metode Penelitian Bisnis . Alfa Beta. Bandung. Siagian, Sondang P. 2012. Teori Motivasi dan Aplikasinya . Cetakan Ketiga. Siagian, Sondang P. 1996. Teori Motivasi dan Aplikasinya . Cetakan Ketiga. Simamora, Henry, 2011. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia , STIE., YKPN, Yogyakarta. Sugiyono. 2005. Metode Penelitian Bisnis . Alfabeta, Bandung. Suharsimi Arikunto. 2000. Manajemen Penelitian . Jakarta. PT Rineka Cipta. Supranto. 2006. Pengantar Metode Statistik . BPFE, UGM: Yogyakarta. Sopiah. 2008. Perilaku Organisasional . Yogyakarta: Andi Offset",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 388,
"width": 342,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sudarwan Danim. 2004. Motivasi Kepemimpinan dan Efektivitas Kelompok. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta Supratiknya. Tinjauan Psikologis Komunikasi Antarpribadi. Kanisius.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 426,
"width": 470,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yogyakarta Sujak Abi. 2005. Kepemimpinan Manajer . Rajawali Pers: Jakarta. Suradinata Ermaya. 2007. Psikologi Kepegawaian . Ramdhani: Bandung. Tampubolon, 2008, Analisis Faktor Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Faktor Etos Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Organisasi Yang Telah Menerapkan SNI 19-9001-2001 , Jurnal, didownload dari http//www.google. com",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 515,
"width": 467,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tracey William, R. 2009. Managing Training and Development System , Amacom USA , di download dari :http// www.geocitios .com. Tahir, arifin. 2014. Perilaku Organisasi . Cetakan Pertama. Yogyakarta: Deepublish. Wibowo. (2013). Perilaku Dalam Orgtanisasi .Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada. Wahjosumidjo. 2006. Kepemimpinan dan Motivasi . Ghalia Indonesia, Jakarta.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
90f6c15d-442c-4a13-8a63-91c21be63b87 | https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/gentala/article/download/22664/16888 | [
{
"left": 185,
"top": 38,
"width": 341,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL GENTALA PENDIDIKAN DASAR Vol.8 No. 1 Juni 2023, Halaman 64-76 P-ISSN : 2614-7092, E-ISSN : 2621-9611 Terbit Online Pada Laman Web : http://online-journal.unja.ac.id/index.php/gentala email : [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 759,
"width": 398,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright (c) 2016 Author Rini Endah Sugiharti, Hendischa Cipta, Ririn Nurcholidah Anisa, Nur Fitri Hidayanti Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 486,
"top": 780,
"width": 40,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "64|Page",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 125,
"width": 433,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR MENGGUNAKAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN STORY TELLING DI KOTA BEKASI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 198,
"width": 418,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rini Endah Sugiharti, Hendischa Cipta, Ririn Nurcholidah Anisa, Nur Fitri Hidayanti",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 225,
"width": 112,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Universitas Islam 45 Bekasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 246,
"width": 86,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Informasi Artikel",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 259,
"width": 111,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ditinjau : 18 April 2023 Direvisi : 19 Mei 2023 Terbit Online : 1 Juni 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 338,
"top": 246,
"width": 56,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 214,
"top": 259,
"width": 304,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penlitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara siswa kelas V di SDS Galajuara Bekasi dengan menggunakan metode story telling. Pelaksanaan penelitian dialkuakan dengan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) menggunakan desain DDAER (diagnosis, design, action and observation, evaluation, reflection) yang dilakukan sebanyak II siklus dengan subyek penelitian siswa kelas V sebanyak 28 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan keterampilan berbicara siswa. Pada siklus I diperoleh ketuntasan sebesar 78,6% atau sebanyak 22 siswa dan 21,4% atau sebanyak 6 siswa masih belum tuntas. Sedangkan pada pelaksanaan siklus II diperoleh data ketuntasan siswa sebesar 89,3% atau sebanyak 25 siswa tuntas dan 10,7% atau sebanyak 3 siswa masih basuk dalam kategori belum tuntas. Hasil akhir nilai rata-rata keterampilan berbicara siswa yang diperoleh pada siklus II sebesar 80,4.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 331,
"width": 57,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata Kunci",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 344,
"width": 50,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keterapilan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 355,
"width": 105,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berbicara,Metode, Story Telling Korespondensi rini_endah_sugiharti@ unismabekasi.ac.id",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 36,
"top": 440,
"width": 43,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e-mail :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 163,
"top": 464,
"width": 232,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DOI : https://doi.org/10.22437/gentala.v4i1.xxxxx",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 503,
"width": 96,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 529,
"width": 454,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia menjadi mata pelajaran yang harus diajarkan di jenjang sekolah dasar, sebab Bahasa Indonesia yang menjadi ciri bangsa Indonesia dan digunakan sebagai bahasa nasional menjadi dasar dari semua mata pelajaran pada semua jenjang pendidikan terutama di SD/MI (Farhurohman, 2017: 23). Dalam pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia, terdapat 4 (empat) standar kompetensi yang perlu dan harus dikuasai siswa yang terdiri dari kompetensi mendengarkan, berbicara, membaca dan menulis (Nurhayati, 2020: 219).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 653,
"width": 457,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bahasa merupakan alat komunikasi yang digunakan untuk mengirimkan informasi, dan bagi siswa belajar untuk berkomunikasi dengan yang lain dilakukan dengan berbagai cara salah satunya melalui berbicara (Hidayati, 2018: 83). Sedangkan berbicara diartikan sebagai kemampuan mangatakan artikulasi atau kata-kata untuk mengekspresikan atau mengirimkan pikiran gagasan dan perasaan. Keterampilan berbicara menjadi salah satu keterampilan yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 185,
"top": 38,
"width": 341,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL GENTALA PENDIDIKAN DASAR Vol.8 No. 1 Juni 2023, Halaman 64-76 P-ISSN : 2614-7092, E-ISSN : 2621-9611 Terbit Online Pada Laman Web : http://online-journal.unja.ac.id/index.php/gentala email : [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 759,
"width": 398,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright (c) 2016 Author Rini Endah Sugiharti, Hendischa Cipta, Ririn Nurcholidah Anisa, Nur Fitri Hidayanti Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 486,
"top": 780,
"width": 40,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "65|Page",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 101,
"width": 454,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "harus dimiliki bagi siswa sekolah dasar agar dapat berkomunikasi dengan semua orang, baik guru, teman sebaya maupun masyarakat pada umumnya (Hidayati, 2018: 85). Dalam berbicara tidak hanya sekedar menyampaikan gagasan lisan, tetapi yang lebih penting adalah bagaimana gagasan itu dapat dipahami oleh pendengar (Darmuki & Ahmad, 2019: 258).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 184,
"width": 454,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dijelaskan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran, bercerita melatih siswa agar berani menyampaikan gagasannya dalam situasi resmi dengan penuturan yang baik dan benar yang dapat dilakukan melalui kegiatan wawancara, dialog, diskusi, debat, tanya jawab, pidato, brcerita maupun menjawab pertanyaan (Siregar, Widowati & Ali, 2020: 29).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 267,
"width": 454,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berikut ini diuraikan indikator keterampilan berbicara, termasuk hasil kesesuaian bicara dengan topik, ketepatan pilihan kata dan ejaan, ketepatan pengaturan kalimat, intonasi dan ekspresi. (1) kecukupan tuturan dengan subjek. (2) ketepatan pemilihan kata dan ejaan. (3) ketepatan penyusunan kalimat. (4) intonasi dan ekspresi. Pada indikator ini menjelaskan bagaimana siswa berbicara (Aufa, Purbasai, & Widianto, 2020: 90-91).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 370,
"width": 454,
"height": 239,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dapat dikatakan bahwa keterampilan berbicara berperan sangat penting dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, mengingat manusia merupakan makhluk sosial yang berkomunikasi dengan berbicara kepada orang lain setiap hari. Namun berdasarkan studi pendahuluan yang peneliti lakukan di SDS Galajuara diperoleh kondisi keterampilan berbicara siswa yang masih kurang, hal ini dapat dilihat dari kondisi siswa pada saat bercerita tergambar kondisi berikut: 1) siswa masih terbata-bata dan ragu dalam bercerita, 2) pemilihan kata dalam mengucapkan sebuah kaliamat masih belum tepat, dan 3) penggunaan intonasi dan ekspresi masih belum sesuai saat siswa meyampaikan cerita. Kondisi demikian terjadi dikarenakan minimnya kesempatan siswa untuk melakukan secara langsung kegiatan berbicara, sehingga siswa kurang terlatih untuk mengembangkan keterampilan tersebut. Dalam hal ini tentu saja guru perlu melatih peserta didik seoptimal mungkin agar keterampilan berbicara yang dikuasapeserta didik dapat lebih baik sesuai yang diharapkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 619,
"width": 454,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Melihat kondisi demikian, peneliti menganalisis solusi yang dapat dilakukan oleh guru dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran Bahas Indonesia dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara yaitu dengan menerapkan metode story telling. Belajar dengan menggunakan story telling berarti siswa bercerita bebas sesuai dengan hasil penalaran buah pikiran dan imajinasinya dalam menyampaikan hasil cerita atau kemampuan berbicara dengan memperhatikan aspek kebahsaan dan non kebahasaan (Janiar, Siti dan Suryani, 2014: 2-3).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 185,
"top": 38,
"width": 341,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL GENTALA PENDIDIKAN DASAR Vol.8 No. 1 Juni 2023, Halaman 64-76 P-ISSN : 2614-7092, E-ISSN : 2621-9611 Terbit Online Pada Laman Web : http://online-journal.unja.ac.id/index.php/gentala email : [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 759,
"width": 398,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright (c) 2016 Author Rini Endah Sugiharti, Hendischa Cipta, Ririn Nurcholidah Anisa, Nur Fitri Hidayanti Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 486,
"top": 780,
"width": 40,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "66|Page",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 101,
"width": 454,
"height": 198,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bercerita dianggap cocok dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan bercerita siswa dengan alasan: 1) memberikan pengalaman psikologis dan linguistik pada ssiswa sesuai minat, tingkat perkembangan dan kebutuhan sekaligus menyenangkan bagi siswa, 2) bercerita dapat mengembangkan potensi kemampuan berbahasa siswa melui penengaran yang dituturkan kembali dengan tujuan melatih keterampilan bercakap untuk menyampaikan ide dalam bentuk lisan, 3) bercerita menjadi kegiatan yang menyenangkan dan tidak membosankan, serta 4) memberikan sejumlah pengetahuan dan pengalaman (Pratiwi, 2016: 201-202). Kemampuan dan ketepatan dalam memilihan metode yang digunakan juga akan menentukan kualitas dan keberhasilan belajar siswa (Rahman, Makmur & Hanna, 2017: 24).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 308,
"width": 457,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dengan kondisi demikian peneliti ingin melakukan perbaikan peningkatan keterampilan berbicara siswa kelas V SDS Galajuara melalui penelitian tindakan kelas tentang “Upaya Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berbicara Siswa Sekolah Dasar Menggunakan Metode Pembelajaran Story Telling Di Kota Bekasi”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 401,
"width": 134,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 427,
"width": 83,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jenis penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 453,
"width": 455,
"height": 154,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, adalah metode penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanaan di dala kelas ketika pembelejaran berlangsung yang dilakukan untuk meperbaiki atau meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran (Saputra, 2021: 1). Penrapan penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan desain DDAER ( diagnosis, design, action and observation, evaluation, reflection ). Dalam model tersebut, penelitian tindakan dimulai dari diagnosis masalah sebelum tindakan dipilih. Secara implisit, diagnosis masalah ini ditulis dalam latar belakang masalah. Setelah masalah didiagnosis, peneliti mengidentifikasi tindakan dan memilih salah satu tindakan yang layak untuk mengatasi masalah. Prosedur penelitian berikutnya hampir sama dengan prosedur pada model PTK yang lain (Mulyatiningsih, 2019: 10).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 622,
"width": 158,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 647,
"width": 454,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan di SD Aren Jaya I yang beralamat di daearah Duren Jaya Bekasi Timur Kota Bekasi pada bulan Agustus – September 2022.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 689,
"width": 144,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sasaran / Subjek Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 715,
"width": 454,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sasaran / subyek penelitian (untuk penelitian kualitatif) atau sampel populasi (untuk penelitian kuantitatif) perlu dijabarkan dengan jelas di bagian ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 185,
"top": 38,
"width": 341,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL GENTALA PENDIDIKAN DASAR Vol.8 No. 1 Juni 2023, Halaman 64-76 P-ISSN : 2614-7092, E-ISSN : 2621-9611 Terbit Online Pada Laman Web : http://online-journal.unja.ac.id/index.php/gentala email : [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 759,
"width": 398,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright (c) 2016 Author Rini Endah Sugiharti, Hendischa Cipta, Ririn Nurcholidah Anisa, Nur Fitri Hidayanti Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 486,
"top": 780,
"width": 40,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "67|Page",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 101,
"width": 454,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penting juga untuk menuliskan teknik memperoleh subjek (penelitian kualitatif) dan atau teknik pengambilan sampel (penelitian kuantitatif).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 143,
"width": 104,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Prosedur penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 169,
"width": 454,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan desain penelitian tindakan kelas dengan menerapkan design DDAER ( diagnosis, design, action and observation, evaluation, reflection ), dapat diuraikan prosedur penelitian yang akan dilakukan pada penelitian ini. Adapun prosedur tersebut adalah:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 226,
"width": 116,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1) Diagnosis Masalah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 240,
"width": 451,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Diagnosis masalah dilakukan paling awal, yaitu pada saat peneliti/ guru melakukan pekerjaan sehari-hari. Peneliti mengamati komponen pembelajaran yang belum optimal sehingga masih memungkinkan untuk diperbaiki lagi. Adapun diagnosis masalah yang terjadi pada penelitian ini antara lain: bahwa keterampilan berbicara masih kurang, dalam hal berbicara peserta didik masih terbata-bata, malu, dan ragu untuk bercerita. kurangnya keterampilan berbicara peserta didik untuk bercerita di depan umum. Hal ini karena mereka kurang berlatih dan tentu saja, pendidik perlu mengkaji ulang peserta didik yang belum memiliki keterampilan berbicara. Pendidik perlu melatih peserta didik seoptimal mungkin agar para peserta didik dapat meningkatkan kualitas keterampilan berbicaranya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 393,
"width": 133,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2) Perencanaan Tindakan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 407,
"width": 451,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada tahap ini mencakup semua perencanaan tindakan seperti pembuatan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang akan dilaksanakan, menyiapkan metode alat dan sumber pembelajaran serta merencanakan pula langkah-langkah dan tindakan apa yang akan dilakukan untuk menguji hipotesis yang telah ditetapkan. Dalam tahap ini peneliti melakukan beberapa perencanan, yang berkaitan dengan langkah-langkah yang akan dilakukan dalam tahap tindakan. Perencanaan dalam penelitian dijabarkan sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 502,
"width": 444,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Melakukan orientasi lapangan yaitu melakukan perizinan dan sosialisasi terhadap pihak sekolah.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 530,
"width": 385,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Melakukan pengamatan pra penelitian terhadap kelas yang akan digunakan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 546,
"width": 336,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Menentukan kelas yang akan dijadikan sebagai tempat penelitian.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 562,
"width": 444,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Meminta kesedian guru untuk dijadikan sebagai pelaksana pengembangan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dalam proses belajar mengajar yang akan dilaksanakan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 593,
"width": 342,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e. Menyususun kesepakatan dengan guru mengenai waktu penelitian.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 609,
"width": 444,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "f. Menentukan bentuk atau model pembelajaran yang akan diterapkan pada penelitian tindakan kelas.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 641,
"width": 444,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "g. Menyusun silabus dan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran (RPP) yang akan digunakan saat pembelajaran.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 673,
"width": 345,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "h. Menentukan langkah-langkah yang akan dilaksanakan dalam PBM.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 688,
"width": 444,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "i. Menyusun alat observasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian untuk melihat aktivitas siswa dalam pengembangan pola pembelajaran berbasis masalah.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 720,
"width": 444,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "j. Menyusun jurnal kesan siswa terhadap pengembangan pola pembelajaran berbasis masalah.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 185,
"top": 38,
"width": 341,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL GENTALA PENDIDIKAN DASAR Vol.8 No. 1 Juni 2023, Halaman 64-76 P-ISSN : 2614-7092, E-ISSN : 2621-9611 Terbit Online Pada Laman Web : http://online-journal.unja.ac.id/index.php/gentala email : [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 759,
"width": 398,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright (c) 2016 Author Rini Endah Sugiharti, Hendischa Cipta, Ririn Nurcholidah Anisa, Nur Fitri Hidayanti Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 486,
"top": 780,
"width": 40,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "68|Page",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 101,
"width": 444,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "k. Merencanakan system penilaian yang akan digunakan dalam PBM, sehingga dapat mengukur peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada pola pembelajaran berbasis masalah.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 149,
"width": 397,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "l. Merencanakan diskusi balikan yang akan dilakukan dengan guru dan peneliti.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 165,
"width": 444,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "m. Membuat rencana untuk melakukan perbaikan, sebagai tindak lanjut dari diskusi balikan yang telah dilakukan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 196,
"width": 304,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "n. Merencanakan untuk pengolahan data dari hasil penelitian.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 228,
"width": 125,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3) Pelaksanaan tindakan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 242,
"width": 451,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada tahap ini peneliti melaksanakan proses pembelajaran, sesuai dengan tahapan pembelajaran yang telah direncanakan sebelumnya. Pelaksanaan tindakan ini dimaksudkan untuk memperbaiki proses pembelajaran. Adapun tahapan tindakan dijabarkan sebagai berikut ;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 306,
"width": 444,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Melaksanakan tindakan sesuai dengan rencana yang telah di susun pada tahap perencanaan tindakan seperti langkah-langkah pembelajaran atau syntaks , sesuai dengan silabus dan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 353,
"width": 444,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Menerapkan pola metode pembelajaran storytelling dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 385,
"width": 410,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Mengadakan evaluasi belajar terkait dengan peningkatan keterampilan berbicara.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 401,
"width": 444,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Menggunakan instrument penelitian yang telah dibuat sebagai alat observasi, untuk melihat dan merekam atau mencatat aktivitas siswa ketika penerapan metode storytelling dalam proses belajar mengajar.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 448,
"width": 216,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e. Melakukan diskusi balikan dengan guru.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 464,
"width": 377,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "f. Melakukan revisi tindakan sebagai tindak lanjut dari hasil diskusi balikan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 480,
"width": 175,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "g. Melaksanakan pengolahan data.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 512,
"width": 234,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4) Observasi (Pengamatan/Pengumpulan Data)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 526,
"width": 451,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tahap observasi merupakan rangkaian dari proses pelaksanaan tindakan karena dilakukan bersamaan dengan proses pelaksanaan tindakan. Pada tahap ini terdiri dari pengumpulan data serta mencatat setiap aktivitas siswa pada saat pelaksanaan tindakan berlangsung. Observasi ini dilakukan oleh peneliti yaitu dengan mengamati aktivitas siswa dalam pembelajaran dari awal sampai akhir. Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui apakah aktivitas siswa sudah sesuai dengan apa yang tercantum dalam lembar observasi atau tidak. Sehingga hasil observasi dapat diperbaiki pada siklus berikutnya sehingga nantinya akan didapatkan peningkatan hasil observasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 653,
"width": 451,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil observasi merupakan dasar refleksi bagi tindakan yang telah dilakukan dan bagi penyusunan tindakan selanjutnya. Tahap observasi dalam penelitian ini dijabarkan sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 700,
"width": 281,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Pengamatan terhadap proses belajar mengajar di kelas",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 716,
"width": 395,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Pengamatan kesesuaian penerapan metode storyteling dengan pokok bahasan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 185,
"top": 38,
"width": 341,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL GENTALA PENDIDIKAN DASAR Vol.8 No. 1 Juni 2023, Halaman 64-76 P-ISSN : 2614-7092, E-ISSN : 2621-9611 Terbit Online Pada Laman Web : http://online-journal.unja.ac.id/index.php/gentala email : [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 759,
"width": 398,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright (c) 2016 Author Rini Endah Sugiharti, Hendischa Cipta, Ririn Nurcholidah Anisa, Nur Fitri Hidayanti Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 486,
"top": 780,
"width": 40,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "69|Page",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 101,
"width": 445,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Pengamatan kesesuaian penerapan metode storyteling kaidah-kaidah teoritis yang digunakan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 133,
"width": 444,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Pengamatan terhadap penerapan metode storyteling terhadap keterampilan berbicara siswa.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 165,
"width": 65,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5) Evaluasi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 179,
"width": 451,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Evaluasi adalah proses penemuan, penyediaan data dan informasi untuk menetapkan keputusan yang rasional dan objektuf (Endang Mulyatiningsih, 2012: 74). Kizlik (dalam Endang Mulyatiningsih, 2012: 74) menyatakan bahwa evaluasi digunakan untuk mengklasifikasikan aspek yang dievaluasi (bisa berupa objek atau situasi) menurut indikator kualitas yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 268,
"width": 64,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6) Refleksi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 282,
"width": 451,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Refleksi merupakan sarana untuk melakukan pengkajian kembali tindakan yang telah dilakukan, terhadap subjek penelitian dan telah dicatat dalam observasi. Langkah refleksi ini berusaha mencari alur pemikiran yang logis dalam kerangka kerja proses, problem, isu dan hambatan yang muncul dalam perencanaan dan pelaksanaan tindakan. Pada tahap refleksi dalam penelitian ini, dijabarkan pada kegiatan sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 361,
"width": 396,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Kegiatan disukusi balikan antara guru dan peneliti setelah tindakan dilakukan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 377,
"width": 316,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Merefleksikan hasil diskusi balikan untuk siklus selanjutnya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 409,
"width": 125,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "7) Penentuan Keputusan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 422,
"width": 451,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Setelah dilakukan refleksi maka nantinya akan didapatkan suatu hasil. Dari hasil tersebut nantinya akan digunakan sebagai acuan selanjutnya dalam menentukan tindakan selanjutnya. Adapun pertimbangan dalam tindakan tersebut adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 480,
"width": 444,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Jika dalam serangkaian proses (siklus) tersebut tidak terdapat peningkatan apapun atau justru malah mengalami penurunan maka siklus tersebut dinyatakan gagal. Tindakan selanjutnya adalah mengikuti alur “A” pada bagan. Yaitu penelitian dimulai lagi dari awal pertama mendiagnosis permasalahan dan mencari kekurangankekurangan dari metode pembelajaran yang diterapkan dan nantinya dapat dilakukan tindakan perbaikan metode, maupun perubahan penerapan metode pembelajaranya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 575,
"width": 444,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Jika dalam serangkaian proses (siklus) tersebut belum tercapai indikator yang diharapkan namun sudah terjadi peningkatan dibandingkan keadaan sebelumnya, maka tindakan selanjutnya adalah mengikuti alur “B”. Pada alur “B” peneliti hanya memberikan pembenahan pada metode yang diterapkan dan tidak perlu dilakukan penggantian. Pembenahan-pembenahan yang dilakukan didasarkan pada kekurangan yang terjadi pada siklus sebelumnya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 671,
"width": 444,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Jika permasalahan sudah terselesaikan dan semua indikator sudah tercapai, maka pembelajaran tersebut sudah dikatakan berhasil, dan penelitiaan dapat dinyatakan selesai.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 718,
"width": 252,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Data, Instrumen dan Teknik Pengumpulan Data",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 185,
"top": 38,
"width": 341,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL GENTALA PENDIDIKAN DASAR Vol.8 No. 1 Juni 2023, Halaman 64-76 P-ISSN : 2614-7092, E-ISSN : 2621-9611 Terbit Online Pada Laman Web : http://online-journal.unja.ac.id/index.php/gentala email : [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 759,
"width": 398,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright (c) 2016 Author Rini Endah Sugiharti, Hendischa Cipta, Ririn Nurcholidah Anisa, Nur Fitri Hidayanti Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 486,
"top": 780,
"width": 40,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "70|Page",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 101,
"width": 454,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan tahapan kegiatan penelitian yang dilaksanakan, teknik-teknik pengumpulan data, Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu observasi, wawancara, dokumen, lembar kerja kelompok siswa dan jurnal kesan siswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 159,
"width": 66,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Observasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 185,
"width": 451,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Obserasi adalah instrumen dalam teknik pengumpulan data, dimana peneliti lebih banyak menggunakan salah satu panca indranya yaitu indra penglihatan. Instrumen observasi akan lebih efektif jika informasi yang hendak diambil berupa kondisi atu fakta alami, tingkah laku dan hasil kerja responden dala situasi alami. Pemilihan observasi terbuka karena peniliti ataupun kolaborator dapat langsung melakukan pengamatan, baik terhadap siswa maupun aktivitas guru. Selain memuat daftar ceklist , juga terdapat kolom keterangan yang ditujukan untuk memuat saran-saran observer atau kekurangan-kekurangan aktivitas guru, selama proses pembelajaran yang tidak termuat dalam daftar cek.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 322,
"width": 78,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Wawancara",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 348,
"width": 451,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Teknik wawancara dalam penelitian ini, digunakan setelah tahap pelaksanaan tindakan selesai. Instrumen wawancara berbentuk uraian yang ditujukan kepada guru, yang ikut terlibat dalam kegiatan penelitian dengan maksud untuk mendapatkan gambaran kondisi pembelajaran, kelemahan-kelemahannya, dan upaya perbaikan yang dapat dilakukan dilihat dari pandangan guru.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 437,
"width": 85,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Dokumentasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 463,
"width": 451,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adapun cara lainnya dalam memperoleh informasi dari responden yaitu dengan menggunakan teknik dokumentasi. Penggunaan teknik dokumentasi dalam penelitian ini, untuk memperoleh data dan informasi tertulis atau yang terdokumentasikan, sehingga data yang diperoleh lebih akurat. Sehingga indikasi peningkatan bahkan penurunan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa terdata dengan jelas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 552,
"width": 106,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Teknik analisis data",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 578,
"width": 454,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analisis data hasil penelitian dilakukan dengan cara melihat persentase tiap skor total yang diperoleh siswa dan dihitung menggunakan rumus:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 723,
"width": 454,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Untuk keperluan mengklasifikasikan kualitas kemampuan berpikir kritis, hasil skor lembar kerja siswa dilihat hasil rata-rata skor dalam setiap siklusnya. Kemudian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 632,
"width": 189,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Persentase keterampilan berbicara siswa =",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 625,
"width": 176,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "maksimum total skor Jumlah subjek total skor Jumlah x 100 %",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 818,
"width": 173,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Persentase Rata-rata Skor tiap siklus =",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 827,
"width": 28,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Siswa",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 265,
"top": 811,
"width": 179,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jumlah Siklus setiap dalam Total Skor Jumlah",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 446,
"top": 818,
"width": 27,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "x 100",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 185,
"top": 38,
"width": 341,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL GENTALA PENDIDIKAN DASAR Vol.8 No. 1 Juni 2023, Halaman 64-76 P-ISSN : 2614-7092, E-ISSN : 2621-9611 Terbit Online Pada Laman Web : http://online-journal.unja.ac.id/index.php/gentala email : [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 759,
"width": 398,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright (c) 2016 Author Rini Endah Sugiharti, Hendischa Cipta, Ririn Nurcholidah Anisa, Nur Fitri Hidayanti Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 486,
"top": 780,
"width": 40,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "71|Page",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 101,
"width": 454,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dikelompokan menjadi kategori sangat baik, baik, cukup, kurang dan sangat kurang dengan menggunakan skala lima (Suherman, 1990 dalam Mudianingsih, 2007: 44) yakni sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 154,
"width": 193,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "• 90 % A 100 % = Sangat baik",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 169,
"width": 161,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "• 75 % B 90 % = Baik",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 184,
"width": 167,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "• 55 % C 75 % = Cukup",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 198,
"width": 172,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "• 40 % D 55 % = Kurang",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 213,
"width": 163,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "• E 40 % = Jelek",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 248,
"width": 454,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menganalisis jurnal sikap siswa dengan mengelompokan kesan siswa ke dalam kelompok pendapat atau komentar positif, negatif biasa dan tidak berkomentar. Sedangkan rumus yang digunakan untuk menghitung presentase dari jurnal tersebut sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 357,
"width": 235,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 383,
"width": 30,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 409,
"width": 454,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil pelaksanaan penelitian tindakan kelas dalam upaya meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara siswa kelas V di SDS Galajuara Bekasi dilakukan sebanyak dua siklus. Pelaksanaan masing-masing siklus berlangsung selama 2x35 menit dengan menerapkan tahapan DDAER ( diagnosis, design, action and observation, evaluation, reflection ).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 483,
"width": 50,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Prasiklus",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 508,
"width": 454,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rangkaian penelitian diawali dengan pelaksanaan kegiatan prasiklus untuk mengetahui penilaian awal keterampilan bebicara siswa yag dilaksanakan pada 1 Agustus 2022. Berikut hasil keterampilan berbicara awal siswa yang diperoleh:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 566,
"width": 332,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 1. Ketuntasan Klasikal Keterampilan Berbicara Prasiklus",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 173,
"top": 583,
"width": 262,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil Ketuntasan Jumlah Siswa Persentase Tuntas 15 46,4% Belum Tuntas 13 53,6% Total 28 100%",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 677,
"width": 454,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel di atas menggambarkan data nilai ketuntasan klasikal keterampilan berbicara siswa sebelum pelaksanaan tindakan yang menunjukkan siswa tuntas sebanyak 15 siswa dari 28 siswa dengan persentase ketutansan sebesar 46,4%. Adapun jumlah siswa yang tidak tuntas sebanyak 13 siswa dengan persentase ketuntasan sebesar 53,6%. sedangkan nilai rata- rata keterampilan berbicara siswa secara keseluruhan sebesar 69,8.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 311,
"width": 128,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Persentase alternatif kesan =",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 249,
"top": 305,
"width": 120,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "sample Jumlah kesan alternatif x 100 %",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 185,
"top": 38,
"width": 341,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL GENTALA PENDIDIKAN DASAR Vol.8 No. 1 Juni 2023, Halaman 64-76 P-ISSN : 2614-7092, E-ISSN : 2621-9611 Terbit Online Pada Laman Web : http://online-journal.unja.ac.id/index.php/gentala email : [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 759,
"width": 398,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright (c) 2016 Author Rini Endah Sugiharti, Hendischa Cipta, Ririn Nurcholidah Anisa, Nur Fitri Hidayanti Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 486,
"top": 780,
"width": 40,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "72|Page",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 101,
"width": 454,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Melihat hasil keterampilan berbicara siswa yang diperoleh masih rendah, maka peliti melakukan tindakan dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran bahasa indonesia untuk dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara siswa di kelas V SDS Galajuara.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 159,
"width": 41,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Siklus I",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 185,
"width": 454,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Setelah memperoleh hasil data kemampuan berbicara siswa kelas V SDS Galajuara dari hasil prasiklus, peneliti mendiagnosis kemampuan berbicara siswa yang masih rendah dengan gambaran yang sudah dipaparkan dalam kegiatan refleksi kegiatan prasiklus. Untuk itu peneliti melaksanakan tindakan siklus I yang dilakukan pada tanggal 4 Agustus 2022 dengan alokasi waktu 2x35 menit.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 264,
"width": 454,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peneliti mendesign kegiatan pembelajaran dengan menerapkan metode story telling dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Penenili malukan observasi selama pembelajaran berlangsung dan melakukan evaluasi terhadapa hasil pembelaran diakhir kegiatan untuk mengetahui tingkat keberhasilan tindakan pada terhadap keterampilan berbicara siswa:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 138,
"top": 353,
"width": 323,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 2. Ketuntasan Klasikal Keterampilan Berbicara Siklus I",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 173,
"top": 370,
"width": 262,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil Ketuntasan Jumlah Siswa Persentase Tuntas 22 78,6% Belum Tuntas 6 21,4% Total 28 100%",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 466,
"width": 454,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan data tabel di atas dapat dilihat hasil ketuntasan klasikal nilai keterampilan siswa kelas V SDS Galajuara dengan banyaknya siswa yang mencapai ketuntasan sebanyak 22 siswa atau setara dengan 78% dari jumlah siswa, sedangkan 6 atau 21,4% dari jumlah keseluruhan siswa dinyatakan masih tergolong kategori belum tuntas. Untuk menggambarkan hasil keterampilan berbicara siswa secara terperincin, Berikut peneliti sajikan hasil nilai keterampilan berbicara siswa dari setiap indikator melalui tabel berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 571,
"width": 392,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 3. Hasil Nilai Keterampilan Berbicara Siswa Setiap Indikator Siklus I",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 588,
"width": 277,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "No. Indikator Skor 1. Kecukupan tuturan dengan subjek 75 2. Ketepatan pemilihan kata dan ejaan 76,2 3. Ketepatan penyusunan kalimat 70,2 4 Intonasi dan ekspresi 77,4 Rata-rata Skor 74,7",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 710,
"width": 454,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil perolehan skor pada setiap indikator menggambarkan perolehan rata-rata nilai tertinggi siswa terdapat pada indikator intonasi dan ekspresi yang memperoleh skor sebesar 77,4. Sedangkan nilai indikator lain secara berurutan dari tinggi terendah yaitu nilai indikator",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 185,
"top": 38,
"width": 341,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL GENTALA PENDIDIKAN DASAR Vol.8 No. 1 Juni 2023, Halaman 64-76 P-ISSN : 2614-7092, E-ISSN : 2621-9611 Terbit Online Pada Laman Web : http://online-journal.unja.ac.id/index.php/gentala email : [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 759,
"width": 398,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright (c) 2016 Author Rini Endah Sugiharti, Hendischa Cipta, Ririn Nurcholidah Anisa, Nur Fitri Hidayanti Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 486,
"top": 780,
"width": 40,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "73|Page",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 101,
"width": 454,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ketepatan pemilihan kata dan ejaan memperoleh skor 76,4, pada indikator kecukupan tuturan dengan subjek memperoleh nilai 75, dan indikator ketepatan penyusunan kalimat memperoleh nilai 70,2. Adapun nilai rata-rata keterampilan berbicara siswa yang diperoleh setelah dilakukan tidakan siklus I dengan menerapkan metode story telling yaitu sebesar 74,7. Menlihat hasil yang belum sesuai dari hasil refleksi dan hambatan yang ada, maka peneliti melanjutkan peningkatan keterampilan berbicara siswa pada siklus II.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 212,
"width": 46,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Siklus II",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 238,
"width": 454,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelaksanaan siklus II peneliti design berdasarkan hasil refleksi yang sudah dilakukan pada siklus I dan dilakukan pada 8 Agustus 2022. Hasil pada pelaksanaan siklus II dengan menerapkan metode story telling menunjukkan adanya peningkatan. Berikut ini hasil ketuntasan keterampilan berbicara siswa yang diperoleh padasiklus II:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 312,
"width": 328,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 4. Ketuntasan Klasikal Keterampilan Berbicara Siklus II",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 173,
"top": 328,
"width": 262,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil Ketuntasan Jumlah Siswa Persentase Tuntas 25 89,3% Belum Tuntas 3 10,7% Total 28 100%",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 424,
"width": 454,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Data tabel tindakan pada siklus II di atas menunjukkan hasil ketuntasan klasikal nilai keterampilan siswa kelas V SDS Galajuara dengan banyaknya siswa yang mencapai ketuntasan meningkat menjadi 25 siswa atau setara dengan 89,3% dari jumlah siswa, sedangkan 3 siswa atau 10,7% dari jumlah keseluruhan siswa dinyatakan masih tergolong kategori belum tuntas. Pada pelaksanaan siklus II terjadi adanya peningkatan keterampilan berbicara siswa dan hasilnya sudah mencapai targer yang diharapkan. Untuk menggambarkan hasil keterampilan berbicara siswa secara terperincin, berikut peneliti sajikan hasil nilai keterampilan berbicara siswa dari setiap indikator melalui tabel berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 561,
"width": 392,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 5. Hasil Nilai Keterampilan Berbicara Siswa Setiap Indikator Siklus I",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 578,
"width": 284,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "No. Indikator Skor 1. Kecukupan tuturan dengan subjek 78,6 2. Ketepatan pemilihan kata dan ejaan 81 3. Ketepatan penyusunan kalimat 79,8 4 Intonasi dan ekspresi 82,1 Rata-rata Skor 80,4",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 698,
"width": 454,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil perolehan skor pada setiap indikator keterampilan berbicara siswa kelas V SDS Galajuara pada sikluk II menunjukkan adanya peningkatan. Hal ini seperti yang tergambarkan pada tabel di atas terkait perolehan rata-rata setiap indikator. Nilai tertinggi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 185,
"top": 38,
"width": 341,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL GENTALA PENDIDIKAN DASAR Vol.8 No. 1 Juni 2023, Halaman 64-76 P-ISSN : 2614-7092, E-ISSN : 2621-9611 Terbit Online Pada Laman Web : http://online-journal.unja.ac.id/index.php/gentala email : [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 759,
"width": 398,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright (c) 2016 Author Rini Endah Sugiharti, Hendischa Cipta, Ririn Nurcholidah Anisa, Nur Fitri Hidayanti Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 486,
"top": 780,
"width": 40,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "74|Page",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 101,
"width": 455,
"height": 106,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "siswa terdapat pada indikator intonasi dan ekspresi yang memperoleh skor sebesar 82,1. Sedangkan nilai indikator lain secara berurutan dari tinggi terendah yaitu nilai indikator ketepatan pemilihan kata dan ejaan memperoleh skor 81, pada indikator ketepatan penyusunan kalimat memperoleh nilai 79,8 dan pada indikator kecukupan tuturan dengan subjek memperoleh nilai 78,6. Nilai rata-rata keterampilan berbicara siswa yang diperoleh setelah dilakukan tidakan siklus II dengan menerapkan metode story telling sudah mencapai target yang ditetapkam peneliti dengan nilai rata-rata 80,4.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 238,
"width": 68,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 264,
"width": 454,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dalam pelaksanaan penelitian ini, peneliti melakukan pengambilan data awal dalam pelaksanaan prasiklus untuk mengetahui keterampilan berbicara siswa dengan menggunakan instrumen keterampilan berbicara dengan hasil ketuntasan keterampilan berbicara siswa masih rendah. Hai ini dapat tergambar dartkondisi berikut: 1) siswa masih terbata-bata dan ragu dalam bercerita, 2) pemilihan kata dalam mengucapkan sebuah kaliamat masih belum tepat, dan 3) penggunaan intonasi dan ekspresi masih belum sesuai saat siswa meyampaikan cerita. Gambaran tersebut menjadi kondisi awal keterampilan berbicara siswa sebelum dilaksanakan tindakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 391,
"width": 454,
"height": 106,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil penelitian siklus I yang dilakukan dengan menerapkan metode story telling memperoleh persentase hasil ketuntasan sebesar 78% dengan rata-rata skor yang diperoleh dari masing-masing indikator sebesar 74,7. Meski persentase yang diperoleh sudah mencapai ketuntasan klasikal yang ditentukan secara teori jika kriteria keberhasilan PTK adalah jika rerata variabel atau kompetensi siswa yang diukur mencapai nlai rerata 7 atau mencapai minimal 75% (Ekawarna: 2013: 111). Akan tetapi nilai rata-rata keterampilan siswa yang diperoleh pada siklus I belum sesuai dengan yang peneliti harapkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 502,
"width": 454,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kemapuan siswa dalam membentuk kalimat dengan tepat masih perlu diperbaiki, hal ini ditunjukkan dengan masih banyaknya siswa yang salah dalam mengucapkan kalimat saat bercerita, selalin itu penuturan kata yang belum jelas juga masih perlu diperbaiki. Adapun kesulitan yang dialami oleh peneliti pada siklus I yaitu waktu yang perlu dipertimbangkan kembali untuk meberikan kesempatan bagi seluruh siswa untuk bercerita dalam melatih dan dinilai peningkatan keterampilan berbicaranya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 597,
"width": 454,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adapun hambatan yang peneliti alami dalam pelaksanaan siklus I yakni penyesuaian siswa dalam melakukan kegiatan pembelajaran dengan lebih banyaknya kesempatan berlatih berbicara sesuai konsep yang ditetapkan sedikit terhambat, sebab siswa terbiasa berbicara bebas dengan proses pembearan yang minim. Ketersediaan waktu untuk melatih siswa secara keseluruhan juga menjadi hambatan, sehingga dalam pelaksanaan siklus berikutnya peneliti merencanakan kembali strategi dalam melatih dan menilai siswa. Menlihat hasil yang belum sesuai dari hasil refleksi dan hambatan yang ada, maka peneliti melanjutkan peningkatan keterampilan berbicara siswa pada siklus II.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 724,
"width": 454,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil penilaian keterampilan berbicara yang diperoleh pada siklus II telah mencapai target yang ditetapkan dengan persentase ketuntasan yang diperoleh sebasar 89,3% dan skor",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 185,
"top": 38,
"width": 341,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL GENTALA PENDIDIKAN DASAR Vol.8 No. 1 Juni 2023, Halaman 64-76 P-ISSN : 2614-7092, E-ISSN : 2621-9611 Terbit Online Pada Laman Web : http://online-journal.unja.ac.id/index.php/gentala email : [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 759,
"width": 398,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright (c) 2016 Author Rini Endah Sugiharti, Hendischa Cipta, Ririn Nurcholidah Anisa, Nur Fitri Hidayanti Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 486,
"top": 780,
"width": 40,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "75|Page",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 101,
"width": 455,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "rata-rata keterampilan sebesar 80,4. Siswa menunjukkan adanya peningkatan keterampilan dari masing-masing indikator setelah diterapkan metode story telling. Hal ini sejalan dengan salah satu tujuan metode story telling bahwa dengan cerita dapat mengembangkan potensi kemampuan berbahasa siswa mlalui pendengaran kemudian menuturkannya kembali dengan tujuan melatih keterampilan siswa dalam bercakap-cakap untuk menyampaikan ide dalam bentuk lisan (Pratiwi, 2016: 201-202).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 318,
"width": 182,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KESIMPULAN DAN IMPLIKASI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 343,
"width": 65,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 369,
"width": 454,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tindakan kelas yang peneliti lakukan di kelas V SDS Galjuara Bekasi dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode story telling dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara siswa. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari kondisi sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 427,
"width": 436,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1) Hasil ketuntasan klasikal keterampilan berbicara siswa yang meningkat dari data prasiklus sebesar 46,4%, meningkat pada siklus I sebesar 78,6% dan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 454,
"width": 436,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2) Terjadinya peningkatan hasil akhir keterampilan berbicara siswa yang diperoleh pada siklus II sebesar 89,3%.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 494,
"width": 52,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Implikasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 520,
"width": 454,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adapun implikasi dari hasil penelitian yang sudah dilakukan adalah dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran khususnya dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara siswa guru dapat lebih selektif lagi dalam memilih metode pembelajaran yang sesuai dalam mencapai tujuan pembelajaran. Tidak hanya dalam pemilihan, namun dalam persiapan dan penerapan juga harus dilakukan semaksimal mungkin untuk memperoleh hasil yang optimal bagi siswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 625,
"width": 72,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "REFERENSI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 651,
"width": 451,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Aufa, F. N., Purbasari, I., & Widianto, E. (2020). Keterampilan Berbicara Siswa Sekolah Dasar Menggunakan Visualisasi Poster Sederhana. Wasis: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan , 1 (2), 86-92. https://jurnal.umk.ac.id/index.php/wasis/article/view/5060",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 708,
"width": 450,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Darmuki, A., & Hariyadi, A. (2019). Eksperimentasi Model Pembelajaran Jucama Ditinjau Dari Gaya Belajar Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Mahasiswa Mata Kuliah Berbicara Di Prodi PBSI IKIP",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 185,
"top": 38,
"width": 341,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL GENTALA PENDIDIKAN DASAR Vol.8 No. 1 Juni 2023, Halaman 64-76 P-ISSN : 2614-7092, E-ISSN : 2621-9611 Terbit Online Pada Laman Web : http://online-journal.unja.ac.id/index.php/gentala email : [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 759,
"width": 398,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Copyright (c) 2016 Author Rini Endah Sugiharti, Hendischa Cipta, Ririn Nurcholidah Anisa, Nur Fitri Hidayanti Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 486,
"top": 780,
"width": 40,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "76|Page",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 101,
"width": 433,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PGRI Bojonegoro. KREDO: Jurnal Ilmiah Bahasa dan Sastra , 3 (1), 62-72. https://jurnal.umk.ac.id/index.php/kredo/article/view/4021",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 139,
"width": 454,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Farhurohman, O. (2017). Implementasi Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SD/MI. Primary: Jurnal Keilmuan dan Kependidikan Dasar , 9 (1),",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 495,
"top": 158,
"width": 31,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "23-34.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 177,
"width": 308,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "http://www.jurnal.uinbanten.ac.id/index.php/primary/article/view/412",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 196,
"width": 454,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hidayati, A. (2018). Peningkatan keterampilan berbicara melalui pendekatan komunikatif kelas V SD",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 215,
"width": 430,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Padurenan II di Bekasi tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 5(2), 83-95. http://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/pendas/article/view/3134",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 253,
"width": 454,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Janiar, I., & Halidjah, S. Peningkatan Kemampuan Berbicara dengan Menggunakan Metode Story",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 272,
"width": 430,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Telling di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Khatulistiwa , 3 (7).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 291,
"width": 188,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jppk.v3i7.5756",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 310,
"width": 454,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mulyatiningsih, E. (2019). Metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Ilmu Keolahragaan Nasional , 8 . http://staff.uny.ac.id/sites/default/files/pengabdian/dra-endang-mulyatiningsih-mpd/8cmetode- penelitian-tindakan-kelas.pdf",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 367,
"width": 450,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nurhayati, N. (2020). Penggunaan Media Dadu Pertanyaan pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Materi Penggunaan Kata Tanya untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas II SDN 61/X",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 405,
"width": 361,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Talang Babat. Jurnal Gentala Pendidikan Dasar , 5 (2),",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 405,
"width": 433,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "219-231. https://doi.org/10.22437/gentala.v5i2.11123",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 443,
"width": 455,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pratiwi, R. R. (2016). Penerapan Metode Storytelling untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berbicara Siswa Kelas II SDN S4 Bandung. Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar , 1 (1), 199-207.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 481,
"width": 259,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/jpgsd/article/view/9074",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 500,
"width": 454,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rahman, S. A., Nurdin, M., & Lestari, H.(2017). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Time Token Dalam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 518,
"width": 430,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Bahasa Indonesia Siswa SDN 200 Lompu Kecamatan Cina Kabupaten Bone. JIKAP PGSD: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kependidikan , 1 (1), 23-27.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 556,
"width": 228,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://ojs.unm.ac.id/JIKAP/article/view/5042/2873",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 575,
"width": 304,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sanjaya, D. H. W. (2016). Penelitian tindakan kelas . Prenada Media.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 594,
"width": 366,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Saputra, N. (2021). Penelitian tindakan kelas . Yayasan Penerbit Muhammad Zaini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 613,
"width": 454,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Siregar, R., Widowati, A., & Ali, M. (2020). Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berbicara Siswa Menggunakan Model Time Token Pembelajaran IPA Kelas V Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Gentala Pendidikan Dasar , 5 (1), 28-41. https://doi.org/10.22437/gentala.v5i1.9426",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 670,
"width": 400,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Wiriaatmadja, Rochiati. 2005. Metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Bandung : Rosdakarya.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
bf301269-6894-29be-7e48-88a8b7ec0e5e | https://journal.uin-alauddin.ac.id/index.php/Inspiratif-Pendidikan/article/download/3214/3060 | [
{
"left": 85,
"top": 57,
"width": 173,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume V, Nomor 1, Januari - Juni 2016",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 60,
"width": 11,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "77",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 101,
"width": 413,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "IMPLEMENTASI KOMPETENSI PROFESIONALISME GURU DALAM PENGEMBANGAN KINERJA PEMBELAJARAN",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 261,
"top": 148,
"width": 77,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasnawati J.",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 171,
"width": 250,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kepala MI DDI Kalosi Kec. Dua Pitue Kab. Sidrap",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 212,
"width": 386,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstract: The tasks of the teacher as a profession are to educate, to teach, and to train. Educating means to continue and develop the values of life; teaching means to continue and develop the science; training means to develop skills for the learners’ lives. To be able to carry out the duties and responsibilities stated previously, teachers are demanded to have some specific skills and competencies as part of their professionalism. Professional competence is the ability to master the learning materials broadly and deeply. In Islamic education concept, it deals with the teachers’ ability to carry out their duties in a professional manner based on the teachings of Islam. Teacher professional competence refers to the ability of a teacher to conduct their profession well. It deals with the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 14 Year 2005 about teachers and lecturers as covered in Chapter III Article 7 regulating about the principles of professionalism.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 398,
"width": 386,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords: Competence, Professionalism, Teacher, Performance, and Learning",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 439,
"width": 118,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "I. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 456,
"width": 428,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "uru memegang peran utama dalam pembangunan pendidikan, khususnya yang diselenggarakan secara formal di sekolah. Guru juga sangat menentukan keberhasilan peserta didik, terutama yang berkaitan dengan proses pembelajaran. Guru merupakan komponen yang paling berpengaruh terhadap terciptanya proses dan hasil pendidikan yang berkualitas. Upaya perbaikan apapun yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan tidak akan memberikan sumbangan yang signifikan tanpa di dukung oleh guru yang profesional dan berkualitas. Dengan kata lain, perbaikan kualitas pendidikan harus berpangkal dari guru dan berujung pada guru pula. 1 Dalam konsep pendidikan Islam, posisi guru begitu terhormat. Guru diposisikan sebagai orang yang ‘ alim, wara’, shalih dan sebagai uswah sehingga guru di tuntut juga beramal saleh sebagai aktualisasi dari keilmuan yang dimilikinya. 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 638,
"width": 428,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Secara umum, ada tiga tugas guru sebagai profesi, yakni mendidik, mengajar, dan melatih. Mendidik berarti meneruskan dan mengembangkan nilai-nilai hidup; mengajar berarti meneruskan dan mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan; melatih berarti",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 717,
"width": 428,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1 E. Mulyasa, Standar Kompetensi dan Sertifikasi Guru (Cet. IV; Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya, 2009), h. 5.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 746,
"width": 379,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2 Ngainun Naim, Menjadi Guru Inspiratif (Cet. IV; Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2013), h. 5.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 454,
"width": 60,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "G",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 57,
"width": 425,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "78 Implementasi Kompetensi Profesionalisme Guru dalam Pengembangan Kinerja Pembelajaran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 428,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "mengembangkan keterampilan-keterampilan untuk kehidupan peserta didik. Untuk dapat melaksanakan tugas dan tanggung jawab di atas, seorang guru di tuntut memiliki beberapa kemampuan dan kompetensi tertentu sebagai bagian dari prefesionalisme guru. 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 154,
"width": 429,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sebagai pengajar, guru di tuntut mempunyai kewenangan mengajar berdasarkan kualifikasinya sebagai tenaga pengajar. Sebagai tenaga pengajar, setiap guru sebaiknya memiliki kemampuan profesional dalam bidang pembelajaran. 4 Keberhasilan seorang guru dalam mengemban tugasnya, baik sebagai murabbi maupun sebagai agen perubahan dalam masyarakat sangat dipengaruhi oleh kualifikasi dan kompetensi yang mereka miliki. Tidak mungkin bagi mereka yang tidak mempunyai kualifikasi dan kompetensi dapat menjadi guru yang berhasil. Karena itu, untuk menjadi seorang guru dibutuhkan beberapa persyaratan dasar yang sebaiknya dimiliki oleh setiap guru. 5",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 284,
"width": 428,
"height": 129,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada dasarnya pilihan seseorang untuk menjadi seorang guru adalah “panggilan jiwa” atau kemauan besar untuk memberikan pengabdian pada sesama manusia dengan mendidik, mengajar, membimbing, dan melatih yang diwujudkan melalui proses pembelajaran serta pemberiaan bimbingan dan pengarahan peserta didiknya agar mencapai kedewasaan masing-masing. 6 Dalam kenyataanya, menjadi seorang guru tidak cukup sekedar untuk memenuhi panggilan jiwa, tetapi juga memerlukan seperangkat keterampilan dan kemampuan khusus dalam bentuk menguasai kompetensi guru, sesuai dengan kualifikasi jenis dan jenjang pendidikan jalur sekolah tempatnya bekerja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 436,
"width": 107,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "II. PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 452,
"width": 200,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "A. Pengertian Kompetensi Profesional",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 469,
"width": 428,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Para ahli memberikan definisi yang variatif terhadap pengertian kompetensi guru. Perbedaan pandangan tersebut cenderung muncul dalam redaksional dan cakupannya. Sedangkan inti dasar pengertiannya memiliki sinergitas antara pengertian satu dengan yang lainnya. Kompetensi guru dinilai berbagai kalangan sebagai gambaran profesional atau tidaknya tenaga pendidik (guru). Bahkan kompetensi guru memiliki pengaruh terhadap keberhasilan yang dicapai peserta didik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 568,
"width": 428,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dalam UU No. 14 Tahun 2005 tentang guru dan dosen pasa I ayat 10 dinyatakan tegas bahwa kompetensi adalah seperangkat pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan perilaku yang harus dimiliki, dihayati dan dikuasai oleh guru atau dosen dalam melaksanakan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 671,
"width": 428,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3 Suyanto dan Asep Djihad, Bagaimana Menjadi Calon Guru dan Guru Profesional (Cet. II; Yogyakarta: Multi Pressindo, 2013), h. 3.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 700,
"width": 362,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4 Suyanto dan Asep Djihad, Bagaimana Menjadi Calon Guru dan Guru Profesional , h. 4.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 717,
"width": 367,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5 Abuddin Nata, Sejarah Pendidikan Islam (Cet. III; Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2012), h. 141.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 735,
"width": 427,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6 Sudarwan Danim, Profesionalisasi dan Etika Profesi Guru (Cet. III; Bandung: Alfabeta, 2013), h. 55.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 57,
"width": 173,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume V, Nomor 1, Januari - Juni 2016",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 60,
"width": 11,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "79",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 86,
"width": 428,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "tugas keprofesionalannya. 7 Keluarnya UU No. 14 Tahun 2005 tentang guru dan dosen ini memberikan gambaran bahwa pekerjaan seorang guru adalah pekerjaan profesional yang harus memiliki seperangkat kompetensi dalam melaksanakan tugas sehari-hari sebagai tenaga pendidik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 152,
"width": 429,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut Hamzah B. Uno bahwa kompetensi adalah kemampuan dan kecakapan. 8 Selanjutnya kompetensi juga diartikan sebagai penguasaan pengetahuan terhadap suatu tugas, keterampilan, sikap dan apresiasi yang diperlukan untuk menunjang keberhasilan. 9 Dari beberapa pengertian tersebut dapat dipahami bahwa seseorang yang dinyatakan kompeten di bidang tertentu adalah seseorang yang menguasai kecakapan kerja atau keahlian selaras dengan tuntutan bidang kerja yang bersangkutan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 253,
"width": 428,
"height": 160,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adapun E. Mulyasa memahami kompetensi sebagai suatu komponen utama dari standar profesi di samping kode etik sebagai regulasi perilaku profesi yang ditetapkan dalam prosedur dan sistem pengawasan tertentu. 10 Menurut Agus Wibowo dan Hamrin bahwa kompetensi juga berkenaan dengan kecakapan seseorang dalam melaksanakan tugas pokok dan fungsinya untuk mencapai standar mutu dalam unjuk kerja atau hasil kerja nyata. 11 Kedua definisi tersebut menjelaskan bahwa kompetensi adalah kemampuan dasar, keahlian dan keterampilan dalam proses pembelajaran. Kompetensi mutlak dimiliki beserta komponen-komponenya, baik komponen psikologis maupun pedagogis (komponen utama). Kedua komponen tersebut dibutuhkan sebagai kompetensi dasar dalam proses pembelajaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 419,
"width": 429,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut Akmal Hawi bahwa kompetensi merupakan kemampuan dan kewenangan guru dalam melaksanakan profesi keguruannya. Kompetensi ini mengacu pada kemampuan melaksanakan sesuatu yang diperoleh melalui pendidikan serta kompetensi merujuk kepada performance dan perbuatan yang rasional untuk memenuhi verifikasi tertentu dalam pelaksanaan tugas-tugas kependidikan. 12 Rasional di sini mempunyai arah dan tujuan dalam pendidikan tidak hanya dapat diamati, tetapi meliputi kemampuan seorang guru di dalam pendidikan guna tercapaianya tujuan pembelajaran. Senada dengan Akmal Hawi, Syaiful Sagala mengartikan kompetensi adalah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 590,
"width": 428,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "7 Republik Indonesia, Undang-Undang Tentang Guru dan Dosen No. 14 Tahun 2005 (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2012), h. 5.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 619,
"width": 428,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "8 Hamzah B. Uno, Profesi Kependidikan: Problema, Solusi, dan Reformasi Pendidikan di Indonesia , h. 62.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 648,
"width": 428,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "9 Kunandar, Guru Profesional: Implementasi Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP) dan Sukses dalam Sertifikasi Guru , h. 52.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 677,
"width": 428,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "10 E. Mulyasa, Standar Kompetensi dan Sertifikasi Guru (Cet. VI; Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya, 2012), h. 26.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 706,
"width": 427,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "11 Agus Wibowo dan Hamrin, Menjadi Guru Berkarakter: Strategi Membangun Kompetensi & Karakter Guru (Cet. I; Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2012), h. 10.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 735,
"width": 428,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "12 Akmal Hawi, Kompetensi Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (Cet. I; Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2013), h. 4.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 60,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "80",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 57,
"width": 397,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Implementasi Kompetensi Profesionalisme Guru dalam Pengembangan Kinerja Pembelajaran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 86,
"width": 428,
"height": 79,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kemampuan melaksanakan sesuatu yang diperoleh melalui pendidikan dan latihan. 13 Dengan demikian dapat ditegaskan bahwa seorang guru yang kompeten ialah seorang guru yang mempunyai seperangkat pengetahuan, keahlian dan keterampilan yang diperoleh melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan dan diwujudkan dengan sertifikat sebagai pengakuan yang diberikan kepada guru sebagai tenaga yang profesional.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 170,
"width": 428,
"height": 343,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Guru adalah pendidik profesional dengan tugas utama mendidik, mengajar, membimbing, mengarahkan, melatih, menilai dan mengevaluasi peserta didik pada pendidikan anak usia dini jalur pendidikan formal, pendidikan dasar, dan pendidikan menengah. Profesi guru merupakan bidang pekerjaan khusus yang dilaksanakan berdasarkan prinsip sebagai berikut: (a) memiliki bakat, minat, panggilan jiwa dan idealisme; (b) memiliki komitmen untuk meningkatkan mutu pendidikan, keimanan, ketakwaan, dan akhlak mulia; (c) memiliki kualifikasi akademik dan latar belakang pendidikan sesuai dengan bidang tugas; (d) memiliki kompetensi yang diperlukan sesuai dengan bidang tugas; (e) memiliki tanggung jawab atas pelaksanaan tugas keprofesionalan; (f) memperoleh penghasilan yang ditentukan sesuai dengan prestasi kerja; (g) memiliki kesempatan untuk mengembangkan keprofesionalan secara berkelanjutan dengan belajar sepanjang hayat; (h) memiliki jaminan perlindungan hukum dalam melaksanakan tugas keprofesionalan; (i) memiliki organisasi profesi yang mempunyai kewenangan mengatur hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan tugas keprofesionalan guru. Pemberdayaan profesi guru diselenggarakan melalui pengembangan diri yang dilakukan secara demokratis, berkeadilan, tidak diskriminatif, dan berkelanjutan dengan menjunjung tinggi hak asasi manusia, nilai keagamaan, nilai kultural, kemajemukan bangsa, dan kode etik. 14 Salah satu prinsip yang telah disebutkan di atas bahwa guru yang profesional adalah guru yang memiliki kompetensi. Sehingga kompetensi dalam hal ini dapat dimaknai sebagai suatu kemampuan yang harus ada dalam diri guru agar dapat mewujudkan kinerjanya secara tepat dan efektif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 518,
"width": 429,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kompetensi profesional adalah kemampuan penguasaan materi pembelajaran secara luas dan mendalam. 15 Selanjutnya kompetensi profesional-religius dalam konsepsi pendidikan Islam adalah kemampuan seorang guru dalam menjalankan tugasnya secara profesional yang didasarkan atas ajaran Islam. 16 Dari beberapa pengertian tersebut dapat dipahami bahwa kompetensi profesional guru mengacu pada kemampuan seorang guru dalam menjalankan profesinya dengan baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 618,
"width": 400,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 14 Tahun 2005, tentang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 671,
"width": 428,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "13 Syaiful Sagala, Kemampuan Profesional Guru dan Tenaga Kependidikan (Cet. III; Bandung: Alfabeta, 2011), h. 29.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 700,
"width": 370,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "14 Republik Indonesia, Undang-Undang Tentang Guru dan Dosen No. 14 Tahun 2005 , h. 9.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 717,
"width": 198,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "15 Ramayulis, Profesi dan Etika Keguruan, h. 84.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 735,
"width": 428,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "16 Ngainun Naim, Menjadi Guru Inspiratif : Memberdayakan dan Mengubah Jalan Hidup Siswa (Cet. IV; Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2013), h. 61.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 57,
"width": 173,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume V, Nomor 1, Januari - Juni 2016",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 60,
"width": 11,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "81",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 428,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "guru dan dosen, sebagaimana terdapat pada BAB III pasal 7 yang mengatur tentang prinsip profesionalitas, pada ayat (1) dinyatakan bahwa profesi guru dan profesi dosen merupakan bidang pekerjaan khusus yang dilaksanakan berdasarkan prinsip sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 154,
"width": 277,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1) Memiliki bakat, minat, panggilan jiwa dan idealisme",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 170,
"width": 427,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2) Memiliki komitmen untuk meningkatkan mutu pendidikan, keimanan, ketaqwaan dan akhlak mulia",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 204,
"width": 354,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3) Memiliki kualifikasi yang diperlukan sesuai dengan bidang tugasnya",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 220,
"width": 359,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4) Memiliki kompetensi yang diperlukan sesuai dengan bidang tugasnya",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 237,
"width": 317,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5) Memiliki tanggung jawab atas pelaksanaan tugas profesional",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 253,
"width": 371,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6) Memperoleh penghasilan yang ditentutakan sesuai dengan prestasi kerja",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 270,
"width": 427,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "7) Memiliki kesempatan untuk mengembangkan keprofesionalan secara berkelanjutan dengan belajar sepanjang hayat",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 303,
"width": 428,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "8) Memiliki jaminan perlindungan hukum dalam melaksanakan tugas-tugas profesional",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 336,
"width": 428,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "9) Memiliki organisasi profesi yang mempunyai kewenangan mengatur hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan keprofesionalan guru. 17",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 375,
"width": 428,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sebagai seorang pendidik dalam pendidikan Islam kriteria disebutkan dalam undang-undang No. 14 Tahun 2005 di atas harus disempurnakan lagi dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 408,
"width": 427,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Memiliki komitmen terhadap mutu perencanaan, proses, dan hasil yang dicapai dalam pendidikan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 442,
"width": 363,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Memiliki akhlak baik yang dapat dijadikan panutan bagi peserta didik.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 458,
"width": 270,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Memiliki niat ikhlas karena Allah dalam mendidik.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 475,
"width": 427,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Memiliki human relation dengan berbagai pihak yang terkait dalam meningkatkan pelajaran terhadap peserta didik. 18",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 514,
"width": 428,
"height": 143,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan kriteria guru profesional menurut undang-undang dapat dipahami bahwa guru-guru yang memenuhi kriteria profesional inilah yang akan mampu menjalankan fungsi utamanya secara efektif dan efisien untuk mewujudkan proses pendidikan dan pembelajaran demi mencapai tujuan pendidikan nasional, yakni berkembangnya potensi peserta didik agar menjadi manusia yang beriman dan bertakwa, berakhlak mulia, sehat, berilmu, cakap, kreatif, mandiri, serta menjadi warga negara yang demokratis dan bertanggung jawab. Untuk memenuhi kriteria profesional itu, guru harus menjalani profesionalisasi atau proses menuju derajat profesional yang sesungguhnya secara terus menerus, termasuk kompetensi dalam mengelola kelas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 663,
"width": 399,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hal serupa juga dikemukakan oleh Salman Rusydie, sebagai seorang guru",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 717,
"width": 427,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "17 Ramayulis dan Samsul Nizar, Filsafat Pendidikan Islam (Cet. III; Jakarta: Radar Jaya Offset, 2011), h. 151.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 746,
"width": 270,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "18 Ramayulis dan Samsul Nizar, Filsafat Pendidikan Islam , h. 152.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 57,
"width": 425,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "82 Implementasi Kompetensi Profesionalisme Guru dalam Pengembangan Kinerja Pembelajaran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 428,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "profesional yang memiliki keahlian dalam mendidik apabila mampu memenuhi beberapa kriteria:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 121,
"width": 427,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Memiliki kemampuan intelektual yang memadai, terutama berkaitan dengan materi pelajaran yang di ampu. Hal ini menuntut guru untuk mempelajari banyak hal yang terkait dengan materi yang akan diajarkannya, sehingga sumber pengajaran yang digunakan tidak terbatas pada buku panduan saja.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 187,
"width": 428,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Memiliki kemampuan memahami visi dan misi pendidikan. Sehingga dengan visi dan misi tersebut, seorang guru dapat membuat skala prioritas dan bekerja dengan terarah. Artinya, seorang guru harus memahami bahwa mengajar bukan hanya persoalan rutinitas dan kehadiran di dalam kelas.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 253,
"width": 428,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Memiliki keahlian dalam mentransfer ilmu pengetahuan atau menguasai metodologi pembelajaran dengan baik. Hal ini penting dimiliki oleh masing-masing guru agar sesuatu yang mereka ajarkan benar-benar tepat sasaran dan efektif.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 303,
"width": 428,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Memiliki pemahaman yang baik tentang konsep perkembangan peserta didik. Sehingga, dengan konsep tersebut guru dapat menilai tingkat keberhasilan peserta didik dalam mengajar, kendala-kendala yang dihadapi, dan cara memberi solusi yang tepat.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 369,
"width": 428,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e. Memiliki kemampuan mengorganisasi peserta didik sehingga kegiatan belajar benar-benar efektif. Peserta didik yang tidak terorganisir dengan baik saat mereka belajar akan menyebabkan problem tersendiri, terutama berkenaan dengan cara peserta didik menerima pelajaran dari guru.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 436,
"width": 427,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "f. Memiliki kreativitas dan seni dalam mendidik, sehingga kegiatan belajar dapat diikuti oleh peserta didik dengan menyenangkan. 19",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 475,
"width": 428,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Itulah beberapa kriteria seorang guru profesional. Tanpa memiliki kriteria semacam itu, maka proses pembelajaran tidak akan bermakna sehingga sulit diketahui hasilnya dengan baik. Proses pembelajaran hanya akan bermakna sebagai suatu aktivitas yang tak terukur jika guru memiliki kriteria-kriteria.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 541,
"width": 428,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Disamping itu, para ahli juga merumuskan ciri-ciri guru profesional sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 574,
"width": 88,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Ahli (Expert)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 591,
"width": 428,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keahlian yang dimaksud disini adalah dalam bidang pengetahuan yang diajarkan dan ahli dalam tugas mendidik. Seorang guru tidak hanya menguasai isi pengajaran yang diajarkan, tetapi juga mampu menanamkan konsep mengenai pengetahuan yang diajarkan. Pemahaman konsep dapat dilakukan bila guru juga memahami psikologi belajar. 20 Psikologi belajar membantu guru menguasai cara membimbing subyek belajar dalam memahami konsep tentang apa yang diajarkan. Selain itu guru juga harus mampu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 729,
"width": 384,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "19 Salman Rusydie, Tuntunan Menjadi Guru Favorit (Cet. I; Jakarta: Flash Book, 2012), h. 14.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 746,
"width": 203,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "20 Ramayulis, Profesi dan Etika Keguruan , h. 41.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 57,
"width": 173,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume V, Nomor 1, Januari - Juni 2016",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 60,
"width": 11,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "83",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 197,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "menyampaikan pesan-pesan pendidikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 104,
"width": 429,
"height": 144,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mengajar adalah sarana untuk mendidik dan menyampaikan pesan-pesan pendidikan. Guru yang ahli memiliki pengetahuan tentang cara mengajar ( teaching is knowledge ), juga keterampilan ( teaching is skill ) dan mengerti bahwa mengajar adalah suatu seni ( teaching is a art ). Dalam kaitan ini orang selalu membicarakan guru yang berhasi ( succesful teacher ), guru yang efektif ( an effective teacher ) dan guru yang baik ( a good teacher ). 21 Jadi, guru harus menguasai prinsip-prinsip ilmu mendidik. Nampaknya, banyak guru hanya ahli dalam mengajar tetapi kurang memperhatikan segi-segi mendidik. Pemahaman seperti itu tidak akan bermanfaat bagi guru sebagai pendidik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 253,
"width": 428,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Guru yang mampu mengajar saja dan hanya melihat pada tujuan-tujuan dan materi pelajaran belaka, mereka ini menerapkan apa yang disebut oleh Paulo Freire yaitu “ banking concept ”. Konsep Bank ialah cara guru yang memasukkan uang kedalam bank dan akan mendapat bunga. Guru mengajar, murid belajar, guru menerangkan, dan murid mendengarkan. 22 Jadi, sikap guru yang disebutkan oleh Paulo Freire tidak menunjukkan keprofesionalannya sebagai seorang guru.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 359,
"width": 233,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Memiliki Rasa Kesejawatan (Etika Profesi)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 375,
"width": 428,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Salah satu tugas dan organisasi ialah menciptakan rasa kesejawatan sehingga ada rasa aman dan perlindungan jabatan. Etika profesi ini dikembangkan melalui organisasi profesi diciptakan rasa sejawat, semangat korps dikembangkan agar harkat dan martabat guru dijunjung tinggi, baik oleh korp guru maupun masyarakat pada umumnya. 23 Dengan demikian setiap profesi, harus memiliki kode etik profesi sebagai pedoman sikap, tingkah laku dan perbuatan dalam melaksanakan tugasnya dan dalam pergaulan hidup sehari-hari.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 491,
"width": 428,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Profesi erat kaitannya dengan jabatan atau pekerjaan tertentu yang dengan sendirinya menuntut keahlian, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan tertentu pula, seperti halnya profesi guru. Dalam pengertian profesi telah tersirat adanya suatu keharusan kompetensi agar profesi itu berfungsi dengan sebaik-baiknya. Dalam hal ini, pekerjaan profesional berbeda dengan pekerjaan-pekerjaan lainnya, karena mempunyai fungsi sosial, yakni pengabdian kepada masyarakat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 591,
"width": 428,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kompetensi sangat diperlukan untuk melaksanakan fungsi profesi. Dalam masyarakat yang kompleks seperti masyarakat modern dewasa ini, profesi menuntut kemampuan membuat keputusan yang tepat dan kemampuan membuat kebijaksanaan yang tepat. Untuk itu diperlukan banyak keterangan yang lengkap agar jangan menimbulkan kesalahan yang akan menimbulkan kerugian, baik bagi diri sendiri",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 711,
"width": 200,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "21 Ramayulis, Profesi dan Etika Keguruan , h. 42.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 729,
"width": 203,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "22 Ramayulis, Profesi dan Etika Keguruan , h. 42.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 746,
"width": 200,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "23 Ramayulis, Profesi dan Etika Keguruan , h. 43.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 60,
"width": 14,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "84",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 57,
"width": 397,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Implementasi Kompetensi Profesionalisme Guru dalam Pengembangan Kinerja Pembelajaran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 428,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "maupun bagi masyarakat. Kesalahan dapat menimbulkan akibat yang fatal atau malapetaka yang dahsyat. 24 Itu sebabnya kebijaksanaan, pembuatan keputusan, perencanaan, dan penanganan harus ditangani oleh para ahlinya, yang memiliki kompetensi profesional dalam bidangnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 154,
"width": 428,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Guru sebagai tenaga profesional juga perlu meningkatkan kompetensinya dalam rangka menyesuaikan dengan perkembangan zaman yang ada. Jadi etika profesi guru itu adalah tingkah laku guru dalam mendidik peserta didiknya, yang mana seorang guru harus terampil terhadap peserta didiknya, karena bagaimanapun juga mendidik pekerjaan yang tidak mudah, karena mendidik anak didik itu tidak semudah membalikkan telapak tangan karena guru selalu memberikan yang terbaik untuk peserta didiknya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 270,
"width": 428,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Seorang guru pun dalam menyikapi suatu masalah dengan baik dalam mendidik, karena tingkah laku atau etika seseorang guru sangat berperan sekali dalam profesinya sebagai pendidik. Sehingga sifatnya akan menjadi contoh kepada peserta didiknya, selain memberikan ilmu pengetahuan atau mentransfer ilmu kepada peserta didik, guru pun harus bisa memberikan sikap yang baik terhadap peserta didiknya karena seorang peserta didik adalah orang yang menghendaki agar mendapatkan ilmu pengetahuan, keterampilan, pengalaman dan kepribadian yang baik untuk bekal hidupnya agar berbahagia di dunia dan akhirat dengan jalan belajar yang sungguh-sungguh. 25",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 402,
"width": 428,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Guru selain memberikan bimbingan, arahan dan ajaran kepada peserta didiknya, guru juga sebagai contoh yang baik, karena peserta didik posisinya sebagai penerima bimbingan, arahan, dan ajaran yang disampaikan oleh guru, karena dalam proses interaksi ini guru sebagai pelaku utama kegiatan pendidik, karena itu guru memerlukan persiapan, baik dari segi penguasaan materi terhadap ilmu yang hendak diajarkan kepada peserta didik, seorang guru dalam menyampaikan ilmu pengetahuan tersebut secara efisien dan tepat sasaran kepada peserta didik yang bervariasi dan berkepribadian yang berbeda-beda dalam kehidupannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 535,
"width": 428,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sehubungan dengan itu, maka perlu ditegaskan bahwa selain faktor-faktor pengetahuan, kecakapan, keterampilan, dan tanggapan terhadap ide pembaharuan serta wawasan yang lebih luas sesuai dengan keprofesiannya, pada diri setiap guru sebenarnya masih memerlukan persyaratan khusus yang bersifat mental, persyaratan khusus itu adalah faktor yang menyebabkan seseorang itu merasa senang, karena merasa terpanggil hati nuraninya untuk menjadi seorang pendidik. Guru profesional tidak hanya mengetahui, tetapi betul-betul melaksanakan apa-apa yang menjadi tugas dan peranannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 706,
"width": 427,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "24 Manpan Drajat dan M. Ridwan Effendi, Etika Profesi Guru (Cet. I: Bandung; Alfabeta, 2014), h. 105.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 735,
"width": 428,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "25 Abuddin Nata, Perspektif Islam Tentang Pola Hubungan Guru-Murid, Studi Pemikiran Tasawuf Al-Ghozali (Cet. I; Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2001), h. 49.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 57,
"width": 173,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume V, Nomor 1, Januari - Juni 2016",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 60,
"width": 11,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "85",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 246,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Memiliki Otonomi dan Rasa Tanggung Jawab",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 104,
"width": 428,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Guru yang profesional di samping ahli dalam bidang mengajar dan mendidik, ia juga memiliki otonomi dan tanggung jawab. Otonomi adalah suatu sikap yang profesional yang disebut mandiri berdasarkan keahliannya. Ciri-ciri kemandirian diantaranya: a) Dapat menguraikan nilai-nilai hidup, b) Dapat membuat pilihan nilai, c) Dapat menentukan dan mengambil keputusan sendiri, dan d) Dapat bertanggung jawab atas keputusan itu. 26 Jelas bahwa guru profesional harus mempersiapkan diri sematang- matangnya sebelum ia mengajar. Guru harus menguasai materi yang akan diajarkan dan bertanggung jawab atas segala tingkah lakunya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 237,
"width": 427,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ada enam tugas dan tanggung jawab guru dalam mengembangkan profesinya, yakni:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 270,
"width": 176,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Guru bertugas sebagai pengajar",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 286,
"width": 407,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Guru sebagai pengajar lebih menekankan kepada tugas dalam merencanakan dan melaksanakan pengajaran. Dalam tugas ini guru dituntut memiliki seperangkat pengetahuan dan keterampilan teknis mengajar, di samping menguasai ilmu atau bahan yang akan diajarkannya. 27 Guru perlu menyampaikan materi pembelajaran secara tersusun dan sistematik, menggunakan bahasa yang jelas dan mudah, memberi informasi yang jelas serta memberi contoh-contoh yang saling berkaitan, memberi penekanan kepada materi pembelajaran dan mengaitkan pelajaran itu dengan pengetahuan dan pengalaman peserta didik dan menggunakan alat bantu pembelajaran untuk membantu dalam menjelaskan sesuatu konsep. 28 Sehingga tujuan pembelajaran dapat tercapai sesuai dengan yang diharapkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 452,
"width": 195,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Guru bertugas sebagai pembimbing",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 469,
"width": 407,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tugas dan tanggung jawab guru sebagai pembimbing memberi tekanan kepada tugas seorang guru, yaitu memberikan bantuan kepada peserta didik dalam memecahkan masalah yang dihadapinya. 29 Tugas ini merupakan aspek mendidik sebab tidak hanya berkenaan dengan penyampaian ilmu pengetahuan, melainkan juga menyangkut pembinaan kepribadian dan pembentukan nilai-nilai para peserta didik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 568,
"width": 226,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Guru bertugas sebagai administrator kelas",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 585,
"width": 407,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tugas dan tanggung jawab sebagai administrator kelas pada hakikatnya merupakan jalinan antara ketatalaksanaan bidang pengajaran dan ketatalaksanaan pada umumnya. Namun demikian, ketatalaksanaan bidang pengajaran jauh lebih",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 671,
"width": 200,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "26 Ramayulis, Profesi dan Etika Keguruan , h. 45.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 688,
"width": 427,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "27 Ali Mudlofir, Pendidik Profesional; Konsep, Strategi, dan Aplikasinya dalam Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan di Indonesia , h. 62.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 717,
"width": 284,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "28 Supardi, Kinerja Guru (Cet. II; Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2014), h. 56.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 735,
"width": 427,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "29 Ali Mudlofir, Pendidik Profesional; Konsep, Strategi, dan Aplikasinya dalam Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan di Indonesia , h. 63.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 57,
"width": 425,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "86 Implementasi Kompetensi Profesionalisme Guru dalam Pengembangan Kinerja Pembelajaran",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 86,
"width": 407,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "menonjol dan lebih diutamakan pada profesi guru. 30 Dikatakan demikian, karena profesi gurulah yang melaksanakan pengajaran dan menimbulkan proses pembelajaran baik yang dilaksanakan secara formal di sekolah dan di madrasah maupun secara non formal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 154,
"width": 249,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Guru bertugas sebagai pengembang kurikulum",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 170,
"width": 407,
"height": 194,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tanggung jawab mengembangkan kurikulum membawa implikasi bahwa guru dituntut untuk selalu mencari gagasan-gagasan baru, penyempurnaan praktik pendidikan, khususnya dalam praktik pengajaran. Kurikulum sebagai program belajar atau semacam dokumen belajar yang harus diberikan kepada para peserta didik. Pelaksanaan kurikulum tidak lain adalah pengajaran. Kurikulum adalah rencana atau program, serta pengajaran adalah pelaksanannya. Misalnya, ia tidak puas dengan cara mengajar yang selama ini digunakan, kemudian ia mencoba mencari jalan keluar bagaimana usaha mengatasi kekurangan alat peraga dan buku pelajaran yang diperlukan oleh peserta didik. 31 Oleh karena itu, tanggung jawab guru dalam hal ini ialah berusaha untuk mempertahankan apa yang sudah ada serta mengadakan penyempurnaan praktik pengajaran agar hasil belajar peserta didik dapat ditingkatkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 369,
"width": 244,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. Guru bertugas untuk mengembangkan profesi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 386,
"width": 407,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tanggung jawab mengembangkan profesi pada dasarnya ialah tuntutan dan panggilan untuk selalu mencintai, menghargai, menjaga, dan meningkatkan tugas dan tanggung jawab profesinya. 32 karena itu profesi dipilih sebagai panggilan hidup dan dijalani sepenuh waktu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 452,
"width": 407,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Guru harus sadar bahwa tugas dan tanggung jawabnya tidak bisa dilaksanakan oleh orang lain, kecuali dirinya. Demikian pula, guru harus sadar bahwa dalam melaksanakan tugasnya selalu dituntut untuk bersungguh-sungguh, bukan sebagai pekerjaan sambilan. Guru juga harus menyadari bahwa yang dianggap baik dan benar saat ini, belum tentu benar pada masa yang akan datang. Oleh karena itu, guru dituntut untuk selalu meningkatkan pengetahuan, kemampuan dalam rangka pelaksanaan tugas-tugas profesinya. Ia harus peka terhadap perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi, khususnya dalam bidang pendidikan dan pengajaran, dan masyarakat pada umumnya. Dunia ilmu pengetahuan tak pernah berhenti tapi selalu memunculkan hal-hal baru. Guru harus dapat mengikuti perkembangan tersebut sehingga ia harus lebih dahulu mengetahuinya dari pada peserta didik dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 677,
"width": 427,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "30 Ali Mudlofir, Pendidik Profesional; Konsep, Strategi, dan Aplikasinya dalam Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan di Indonesia , h. 63.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 706,
"width": 427,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "31 Ali Mudlofir, Pendidik Profesional; Konsep, Strategi, dan Aplikasinya dalam Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan di Indonesia , h. 64.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 735,
"width": 428,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "32 Ali Mudlofir, Pendidik Profesional; Konsep, Strategi, dan Aplikasinya dalam Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan di Indonesia , h. 64.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 57,
"width": 173,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume V, Nomor 1, Januari - Juni 2016",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 60,
"width": 11,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "87",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 88,
"width": 406,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "masyarakat pada umumnya. Disinal letak perkembangan profesi yang menjadi tugas dan tanggung jawabnya sebagai seorang guru.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 121,
"width": 428,
"height": 243,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6. Guru bertugas untuk membina hubungan dengan masyarakat Tanggung jawab dalam membina hubungan dengan masyarakat berarti guru harus dapat berperan menempatkan sekolah sebagai bagian integral dari masyarakat serta sekolah sebagai pembaru masyarakat. Pendidikan bukan hanya tanggung jawab guru atau pemerintah, tetapi juga tanggung jawab masyarakat. Untuk itu guru dituntut untuk dapat menumbuhkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam meningkatkan pendidikan dan pengajaran di sekolah. 33 Oleh sebab itu, sebagai bagian dari tugas dan tanggung jawab profesinya, guru harus dapat membina hubungan baik dengan masyarakat dalam rangka meningkatkan pendidikan dan pengajaran. Beberapa contoh untu membina hubungan tersebut ialah mengembangkan kegiatan pengajaran melalui sumber-sumber yang ada pada masyarakat, seperti mengundang tokoh masyarakat yang dianggap berkeahlian memberikan ceramah dihadapan para peserta didik dan guru, dan membawa peserta didik untuk mempelajari sumber- sumber belajar yang ada di masyarakat, guru mengunjungi orang tua peserta didik untuk memperoleh informasi tentang peserta didik, dan lain-lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 375,
"width": 235,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "B. Usaha Peningkatan Profesionalisme Guru",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 392,
"width": 427,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peningkatan profesionalisme guru pada akhirnya ditentukan oleh para guru sendiri. Guru harus selalu berusaha untuk melakukan hal-hal berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 425,
"width": 241,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Memahami tuntutan standar profesi yang ada",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 442,
"width": 428,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Profesi guru merupakan sebuah profesi yang hanya dapat dilaksanakan secara efektif dan efisien oleh seseorang yang dipersiapkan untuk menguasai kompetensi guru melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan khusus. 34 Karena itu, pendayagunaan profesi guru secara formal dilakukan di lingkungan pendidikan formal termasuk sekolah dan madrasah yang bersifat berjenjang dan berbeda jenisnya, maka guru harus memenuhi persyaratan, kualifikasi, atau kompetensi sesuai jenis dan jenjang sekolah tempatnya bekerja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 557,
"width": 428,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut vollmer bahwa profesi itu jika menggunakan pendekatan kajian sosiologik sesungguhnya hanyalah merupakan suatu junis model atau tipe pekerjaan ideal saja, karena dalam realitasnya bukanlah hal mudah untuk mewujudkannya. Namun demikian, bukanlah merupakan hal mustahil pula untuk mencapainya asalkan ada upaya yang sungguh-sungguh kepada pencapaiannya. Proses usaha menuju ke arah terpenuhinya persyaratan suatu jenis model pekerjaan ideal itulah yang dimaksudkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 717,
"width": 428,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "33 Ali Mudlofir, Pendidik Profesional; Konsep, Strategi, dan Aplikasinya dalam Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan di Indonesia , h. 65.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 746,
"width": 276,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "34 Sudarwan Danim, Profesionalisasi dan Etika Profesi Guru , h. 59.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 57,
"width": 425,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "88 Implementasi Kompetensi Profesionalisme Guru dalam Pengembangan Kinerja Pembelajaran",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 86,
"width": 428,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dengan profesionalisasi. 35 Pernyataan diatas mengimplikasikan bahwa sebenarnya seluruh pekerjaan apapun memungkinkan untuk berkembang menuju kepada suatu jenis model profesi tertentu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 137,
"width": 428,
"height": 160,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bagi seorang guru profesionalitas merupakan tuntutan dalam mengerjakan profesinya. Sebab, tidak mungkin seorang guru mampu melahirkan peserta didik yang berkualitas jika ia tidak memiliki keahlian dalam mengajar, kurang menguasai dan memahami materi pelajaran yang diajarkan, serta kurang profesional dalam menghadapi masalah atau hambatan-hambatan yang berasal dari peserta didik. 36 Dengan demikian, dapat dikatakan bahwa untuk menjadi sosok profesional adalah sosok yang ahli dalam bidang pekerjaan yang dilakukan. Jika seseorang benar-benar ahli dan mengetahui dengan baik pekerjaannya maka ia akan menjalankan pekerjaan itu dengan penuh dedikasi tinggi dan bertanggung jawab sehingga hasil yang dicapinya dapat maksimal dan berkualitas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 303,
"width": 428,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Robert W. Richey mengemukakan ciri-ciri dan syarat-syarat profesi sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 336,
"width": 427,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Lebih mementingkan pelayanan kemanusiaan yang ideal dibandingkan dengan kepentingan pribadi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 369,
"width": 428,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Seorang pekerja profesional, secara aktif memerlukan waktu yang panjang untuk mempelajari konsep-konsep serta prinsip-prinsip pengetahuan khusus yang mendukung keahliannya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 419,
"width": 427,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Memiliki kualifikasi tertentu untuk memasuki profesi tersebut serta mampu mengikuti perkembangan dalam pertumbuhan jabatan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 452,
"width": 425,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Memiliki kode etik yang mengatur keanggotaan, tingkah laku, sikap dan cara kerja.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 469,
"width": 280,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e. Membutuhkan suatu kegiatan intelektual yang tinggi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 485,
"width": 428,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "f. Adanya organisasi yang dapat meningkatkan standar pelayanan, disiplin diri dalam profesi, serta kesejahteraan anggotanya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 518,
"width": 374,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "g. Memberikan kesempatan untuk kemajuan, spesialisasi, dan kemandirian.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 535,
"width": 427,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "h. Memandang profesi suatu karier hidup dan menjadi seorang anggota yang permanen. 37",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 574,
"width": 428,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ciri-ciri dan syarat-syarat di atas dapat digunakan sebagai kriteria atau tolak ukur keprofesionalan guru. Dengan mempergunakan perangkat persyaratannya sebagai acuan, maka dapat diketahui bahwa sejauh mana sesuatu pekerjaan itu telah menunjukkan ciri-ciri atau sifat-sifat tertentu dan seorang pengemban pekerjaan tersebut juga telah memiliki dan menapilkan ciri-ciri atau sifat-sifat tertentu pula yang dapat dipertanggung jawabkan secara profesional.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 711,
"width": 387,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "35 Udin Syaefudin Saud, Pengembangan Profesi Guru (Cet. V; Bandung: Alfabeta, 2012), h. 5.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 729,
"width": 240,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "36 Salman Rusydie, Tuntunan Menjadi Guru Favorit , h. 11.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 746,
"width": 248,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "37 Udin Syaefudin Saud, Pengembangan Profesi Guru , h. 15.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 57,
"width": 173,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume V, Nomor 1, Januari - Juni 2016",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 60,
"width": 11,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "89",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 428,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jabatan guru memiliki banyak tugas, baik yang terikat oleh dinas maupun di luar dinas dalam bentuk pengabdian. Tugas guru tidak hanya sebagai suatu profesi, tetapi juga sebagai suatu tugas kemanusiaan dan kemasyarakatan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 137,
"width": 428,
"height": 160,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tugas guru sebagai suatu profesi artinya guru merupakan profesi atau jabatan yang memerlukan keahlian khusus. 38 Karena jenis pekerjaan ini tidak dapat dilakukan oleh sembarang orang di luar bidang kependidikan walaupun kenyataannya masih dilakukan orang di luar kependidikan. Sedangkan dalam tugas kemanusiaan, seorang guru harus mencerminkan dirinya kepada peserta didik sebagai orang tua kedua. Adapun tugas dalam bidang kemasyarakatan merupakan tugas yang juga tidak kalah pentingnya. Pada bidang ini guru mempunyai tugas mendidik dan mengajar masyarakat untuk menjadi warga negara Indonesia yang bermoral pancasila. 39 Bahkan keberadaan guru pada hakikatnya merupakan komponen strategis yang memilih peran yang penting dalam menentukan gerak majunya suatu bangsa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 309,
"width": 304,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Mencapai kualifikasi dan kompetensi yang dipersyaratkan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 325,
"width": 428,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Upaya mencapai kualifikasi dan kompetensi yang dipersyaratkan juga tidak kalah pentingnya bagi guru. 40 Dengan dipenuhinya kualifikasi dan kompetensi yang memadai, guru akan memiliki posisi yang kuat dan memenuhi syarat dan standar yang yang dibutuhkan . Standar profesional seorang guru sangat penting untuk mewujudkan guru yang berkualitas. Adapun guru profesional dipersyaratkan mempunyai:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 408,
"width": 371,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Memiliki dasar ilmu yang kuat sesuai dengan kompetensi yang dimiliki.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 425,
"width": 428,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Penguasaan kiat-kiat praktis profesi berdasarkan riset penelitian dan praktis pendidikan. Ilmu pendidikan yang dikembangkan tidak hanya sekedar konsep tetapi merupakan kajian dan praktik dilapangan dan disesuaikan dengan pendidikan masyarakat Indonesia.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 491,
"width": 427,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Pengembangan kemampuan profesional harus berkesinambungan, dengan melibatkan semua unsur yang terkait khususnya dalam bidang pendidikan. 41",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 530,
"width": 428,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Guru berkualitas tidak lagi sekedar slogan tetapi dapat diwujudkan dengan melibatkan semua instansi yang terkait. Diperlukan persiapan rencana yang matang sebelum menghasilkan guru yang berkualitas. Guru memiliki kompetensi masing- masing sesuai dengan bidang keahliannya. Peningkatan kualitas dan kompetensi ini dapat ditempuh melalui pelatihan dan sertifikasi. Sudah berlangsung sejak tahun 2007, sejalan dengan tuntutan situasi dan kondisi model sertifikasi sudah beberapa kali mengalami perubahan, sejak model portofolio, portofolio dan PLPG, model PLPG saja,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 682,
"width": 376,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "38 Moh. Uzer Usman, Menjadi Guru Profesional (Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya, 2011), h. 6.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 700,
"width": 220,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "39 Moh. Uzer Usman, Menjadi Guru Profesional , h. 7.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 717,
"width": 370,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "40 Suyanto dan Asep Djihad, Bagaimana Menjadi Calon Guru dan Guru Profesional , h. 38.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 735,
"width": 428,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "41 Iskandar Agung, Mengembangkan Profesionalitas Guru: Upaya Meningkatkan Kompetensi Profesionalisme Kinerja Guru (Cet. I; Jakarta: Media Pustaka, 2014), h. 71.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 57,
"width": 425,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "90 Implementasi Kompetensi Profesionalisme Guru dalam Pengembangan Kinerja Pembelajaran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 428,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "serta sekarang model PLPG yang diawali dengan kegiatan Uji Kompetensi Awal (UKA), berbagai kontroversi mengemukakan seperti yang dibuktikan dari penelitian yang dilaksanakan tim dosen dari UNESA yang menghasilkan bahwa pengakuan profesionalisme melalui pemberian sertifikat pendidik belum menunjukkan peningkatan kinerja guru. Namun dari hasil penelitian tersebut juga dinyatakan bahwa kurangnya pembinaan dan pengawasan bagi guru-guru pascasertifikasi, padahal kewenangan pembinaan guru ada di pemerintah daerah. 42",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 204,
"width": 428,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dari uraian di atas tampak bahwa pensertifikasian guru belum mampu menjadi acuan untuk meningkatkan kinerja pembelajaran guru dan peningkatan mutu hasil belajar. Adanya sertifikasi guru perlu disertai dengan upaya lainnya, baik yang dilakukan oleh guru itu sendiri maupun dari pihak lainnya. Di satu sisi kesadaran akan tugas dan tanggung jawabnya sebagai seorang guru profesional perlu digugah dan adanya pemberian sertifikasi merupakan langkah awal yang seharusnya mendorong seorang guru untuk melakukan pembelajaran dan pengembangan profesional secara berkelanjutan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 342,
"width": 427,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Membangun hubungan kesejawatan yang baik dan luas termasuk lewat organisasi profesi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 375,
"width": 428,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kelahiran suatu organisasi profesi tidak lepas dari perkembangan jenis bidang pekerjaan yang bersangkutan, karena organisasi pada dasarnya dapat terbentuk atas prakarsa dari para pengemban bidang pekerjaan. Sebagai suatu organisasi, organisasi profesi menyerupai suatu sistem yang senantiasa mempertahankan keadaan yang harmonis. Ia akan menolak keluar komponen sistem yang tidak mengikuti arus atau meluruskannya. 43",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 475,
"width": 428,
"height": 209,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Upaya membangun hubungan kesejawatan yang baik dan luas dapat dilakukan guru dengan organisasi profesi atau membina jaringan kerja. Guru harus berusaha mengetahui apa yang telah dilakukan oleh sejawatnya yang sukses, sehingga guru bisa belajar untuk mencapai sukses yang sama atau bahkan bisa lebih baik lagi. Melalui jaringan kerja inilah guru memperoleh akses terhadap inovasi-inovasi di bidang profesinya, jaringan guru bisa dimulai dengan skala sempit, misalnya mengadakan pertemuan infomal kekeluargaan dengan sesama teman, sambil bersilaturahmi atau melakukan kegiatan sosial lainnya. Pada kesempatan itu, guru bisa memperbincangkan secara leluasa kisah kisah suksesnya atau sukses rekannya, harapannya mereka dapat mengambil pelajaran lewat obrolan yang santai. Bisa juga dibina melalui jaringan kerja yang lebih luas, seperti facebook, twitter, dll. Apabila korespondensi atau penggunaan internet ini dapat dilakukan secara intensif akan dapat di peroleh kiat-kiat menjalankan profesi dari sejawat guru di seluruh dunia. Pada dasarnya jaringan kerja ini dapat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 717,
"width": 428,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "42 Iskandar Agung, Mengembangkan Profesionalitas Guru: Upaya Meningkatkan Kompetensi Profesionalisme Kinerja Guru , h. 147.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 746,
"width": 248,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "43 Udin Syaefudin Saud, Pengembangan Profesi Guru , h. 83.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 57,
"width": 173,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume V, Nomor 1, Januari - Juni 2016",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 60,
"width": 11,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "91",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 284,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dibangun sesuai situasi dan kondisi serta budaya setempat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 110,
"width": 428,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Membangun etos kerja atau budaya kerja yang mengutamakan pelayanan yang bermutu tinggi kepada konstituen",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 143,
"width": 429,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Upaya membangun etos kerja atau budaya kerja yang mengutamakan pelayanan yang bermutu tinggi kepada konstituen merupakan suatu keharusan di era global seperti saat ini. Semua bidang dituntut untuk memberikan pelayanan prima kepada peserta didik, orang tua, dan sekolah sebagai pemangku kepentingan. Terlebih lagi pelayanan pendidikan termasuk pelayanan publik yang didanai, diadakan, dan dikontrol oleh pemerintah dan untuk kepentingan publik. 44 Oleh karena itu, guru harus mempertanggungjawabkan pelaksanaan tugasnya kepada publik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 265,
"width": 427,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. Mengadopsi inovasi atau mengembangkan kreativitas dalam pemanfaatan tekhnologi komunikasi dan informasi mutakhir agar senantiasa tidak ketinggalan dalam kemampuannya mengelola pembelajaran",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 315,
"width": 429,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Upaya mengadopsi inovasi atau mengembangkan kreativitas dalam pemanfaatan tekhnologi komunikasi dan informasi mutakhir agar senantiasa tidak ketinggalan dalam kemampuannya mengelola pembelajaran merupakan suatu keharusan yang mesti ada pada guru. 45 Guru dituntut untuk dapat menciptakan hal-hal baru dan mengembangkan kreativitasnya dalam pemanfaatan teknologi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 398,
"width": 428,
"height": 143,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peranan guru tak kalah menentukannya terhadap keberhasilan dalam pemanfaatan pembelajaran melalui teknologi informasi. Pembelajaran melalui teknologi informasi merupakan faktor pendukung untuk menunjang proses belajar mengajar baik di sekolah maupun di madrasah. Penerapan tekhnologi informasi yang ada di sekolah dan di madrasah adalah motivasi, kesiapan, dan kesungguhan yang diwujudkan dengan suatu kebijakan yang menyeluruh, meliputi kebijakan berubahnya metode pengajaran, kebijakan mengenai manajemen dan prosedur, kebijakan mengakses internet dan lain- lain. 46 Semua itu merupakan kunci utama keberhasilan pendayagunaan teknologi informasi di lingkungan sekolah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 564,
"width": 106,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "III. KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 580,
"width": 428,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Melalui pembahasan mengenai kompetensi profesionalisme guru, dapat ditarik kesimpulan sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 613,
"width": 428,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Kompetensi profesional adalah kemampuan penguasaan materi pembelajaran secara luas dan mendalam. Kompetensi profesional dalam peningkatan kinerja pembelajaran merupakan kemampuan seorang guru dalam menjalankan tugasnya secara profesional yang didasarkan atas ajaran Islam atau profesional guru mengacu",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 711,
"width": 370,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "44 Suyanto dan Asep Djihad, Bagaimana Menjadi Calon Guru dan Guru Profesional , h. 39.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 729,
"width": 370,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "45 Suyanto dan Asep Djihad, Bagaimana Menjadi Calon Guru dan Guru Profesional , h. 39.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 746,
"width": 368,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "46 Udin Syaefuddin Sa’ud, Inovasi Pendidikan (Cet. III; Bandung: Alfabeta, 2011), h. 191.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 57,
"width": 425,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "92 Implementasi Kompetensi Profesionalisme Guru dalam Pengembangan Kinerja Pembelajaran",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 88,
"width": 364,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "pada kemampuan seorang guru dalam menjalankan profesinya dengan baik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 104,
"width": 428,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Usaha peningkatan profesi guru yaitu meliputi kemampuan memahami tuntutan standar profesi yang ada, Mencapai kualifikasi dan kompetensi yang dipersyaratkan, Membangun hubungan kesejawatan yang baik dan luas termasuk lewat organisasi profesi, Membangun etos kerja atau budaya kerja yang mengutamakan pelayanan yang bermutu tinggi kepada konstituen, Mengadopsi inovasi atau mengembangkan kreativitas dalam pemanfaatan tekhnologi komunikasi dan informasi mutakhir agar senantiasa tidak ketinggalan dalam kemampuannya mengelola pembelajaran",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 270,
"width": 113,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 292,
"width": 429,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Danim, Sudarwan. Profesionalisasi dan Etika Profesi Guru. Cet. III; Bandung: Alfabeta, 2013.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 331,
"width": 429,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "E. Mulyasa, Standar Kompetensi dan Sertifikasi Guru, Cet. IV; Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya, 2009.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 371,
"width": 428,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hamzah B. Uno, Profesi Kependidikan: Problema, Solusi, dan Reformasi Pendidikan di Indonesia ,.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 410,
"width": 428,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hawi, Akmal. Kompetensi Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam. Cet. I; Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2013.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 449,
"width": 428,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kunandar, Guru Profesional: Implementasi Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP) dan Sukses dalam Sertifikasi Guru , h. 52.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 488,
"width": 428,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Manpan Drajat dan M. Ridwan Effendi, Etika Profesi Guru. Cet. I: Bandung; Alfabeta, 2014.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 527,
"width": 416,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Naim, Ngainun Menjadi Guru Inspiratif (Cet. IV; Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2013",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 550,
"width": 429,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Naim, Ngainun Menjadi Guru Inspiratif : Memberdayakan dan Mengubah Jalan Hidup Siswa. Cet. IV; Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2013.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 589,
"width": 428,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nata, Abuddin Perspektif Islam Tentang Pola Hubungan Guru-Murid, Studi Pemikiran Tasawuf Al-Ghozali. Cet. I; Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2001.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 628,
"width": 391,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nata, Abuddin. Sejarah Pendidikan Islam. Cet. III; Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2012.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 651,
"width": 429,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ramayulis dan Samsul Nizar, Filsafat Pendidikan Islam. Cet. III; Jakarta: Radar Jaya Offset, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 690,
"width": 429,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Republik Indonesia, Undang-Undang Tentang Guru dan Dosen No. 14 Tahun 2005,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 706,
"width": 172,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2012.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 729,
"width": 411,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rusydie,Salman Tuntunan Menjadi Guru Favorit. Cet. I; Jakarta: Flash Book, 2012.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 57,
"width": 173,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume V, Nomor 1, Januari - Juni 2016",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 60,
"width": 11,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "93",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 428,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sagala, Syaiful Kemampuan Profesional Guru dan Tenaga Kependidikan. Cet. III;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 104,
"width": 127,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bandung: Alfabeta, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 127,
"width": 421,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Saud, Udin Syaefudin Pengembangan Profesi Guru. Cet. V; Bandung: Alfabeta, 2012",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 149,
"width": 429,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Suyanto dan Asep Djihad, Bagaimana Menjadi Calon Guru dan Guru Profesional, Cet.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 166,
"width": 189,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "II; Yogyakarta: Multi Pressindo, 2013.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 188,
"width": 428,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Wibowo Agus dan Hamrin, Menjadi Guru Berkarakter: Strategi Membangun Kompetensi & Karakter Guru. Cet. I; Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2012.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
66f50b47-2b55-12a5-dbef-345d81327bed | https://ejournal.nusamandiri.ac.id/index.php/jitk/article/download/2118/823 | [
{
"left": 365,
"top": 36,
"width": 154,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "VOL. 6. NO. 2 FEBRUARY 2020 . . DOI: 10.33480 /jitk.v6i2.2118 .",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 800,
"width": 21,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "233",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 89,
"width": 423,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ANALYSIS OF SHOE ORDERING PATTERN AT PT. PRATAMA ABADI INDUSTRI USING THE APRIORI ALGORITHM",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 195,
"top": 134,
"width": 206,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Retno Wati 1*) ; Imron Imron 2 ; Albert Riyandi 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 157,
"width": 323,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sistem Informasi Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer Nusa Mandiri www.nusamandiri.ac.id [email protected] 1 , [email protected] 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 258,
"top": 220,
"width": 82,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sistem Informasi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 220,
"top": 233,
"width": 157,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Universitas Bina Sarana Informatika www.bsi.ac.id [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 243,
"top": 280,
"width": 112,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(*) Corresponding Author",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 304,
"width": 456,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstract - Inventory is one of the most important factors in ensuring the continuity of the production process. PT. Pratama Abadi Industri is an industrial company in the field of shoe sales. In its activities, PT. Pratama Abadi Industri was unable to provide production materials appropriately, causing a shortage of shoe material stock for the production of the type of shoe that the customer is most interested in. The method used in this research is to use the a priori Algorithm and to get accurate results, this research uses the Tanagra 1.4.50 software. The purpose of this study was to analyze the ordering of NIKE shoes that are often ordered by customers by looking at their previous order patterns. This a priori algorithm can produce 7 final association rules between items with a minimum value of 30% of support and a minimum of 70% of confidence and from May 2020 to October 2020 it is known that the most popular order pattern for NIKE shoes is NIKE shoes with the Tailwind (100%), Revolution 5 (100%), Air Max Plus (100%) and Classic Cortez Leather (100%) which can be used as reference materials in determining the next production material inventory.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 456,
"width": 230,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords: Apriori algorithm, Data mining, Ordering",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 480,
"width": 456,
"height": 152,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstrak - Persediaan merupakan salah satu faktor terpenting dalam menjamin kelancaran proses produksi. PT. Pratama Abadi Industri merupakan perusahaan industri dalam bidang penjualan sepatu. Dalam kegiatannya, PT. Pratama Abadi Industri tidak dapat menyediakan bahan material produksi secara tepat sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya kekurangan stok persediaan material sepatu untuk dilakukannya produksi dari jenis sepatu yang paling diminati oleh customer. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan Algoritma apriori dan untuk mendapatkan hasil yang akurat, penelitian ini menggunakan software Tanagra 1.4.50. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pemesanan sepatu NIKE yang sering dipesan oleh customer dengan melihat pola pemesanan sebelumnya. Algoritma apriori ini dapat menghasilkan 7 aturan asosiasi final antar item dengan nilai minimum support 30% dan minimum confidence 70% serta pada bulan Mei 2020 sampai dengan Oktober 2020 diketahui pola pemesanan sepatu NIKE yang paling diminati adalah sepatu NIKE dengan jenis Tailwind (100%), Revolution 5 (100%), Air Max Plus (100%) dan Classic Cortez Leather (100%) yang dapat dijadikan bahan acuan dalam menentukan persediaan material produksi selanjutnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 644,
"width": 239,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata Kunci: Algoritma Apriori, Data Mining, Pemesanan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 144,
"top": 667,
"width": 76,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "INTRODUCTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 691,
"width": 222,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Economic growth in Indonesia is currently entering a turning point due to the deterioration of the COVID-19 pandemic. T he economic growth has begun to show an increasing trend and has even passed its critical phase. The Indonesian economy in the first quarter of 2020 against the first quarter of",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 667,
"width": 222,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2019 grew by 2.97 percent [1]. The current development of the shoe industry tends to increase. The increase in the shoe industry is a great opportunity for shoe producers considering that Indonesia is a country with one of the largest populations in the world [2].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 738,
"width": 222,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Shoes are one of the most important fashions in supporting appearance. The percentage of",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 36,
"width": 152,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "VOL. 6. NO. 2 FEBRUARY 2020",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 49,
"width": 198,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": ". DOI: 10.33480 /jitk.v6i2.2118",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 796,
"width": 21,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "234",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 89,
"width": 222,
"height": 106,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "expenditure on clothing, footwear, headgear per capita of the Indonesian people is 5.80% in a month [3]. PT. Pratama Abadi Industri is a company engaged in the fashion footwear industry in producing athletic shoes for the NIKE brand. In its business activities, the company carries out production based on customer orders or make to order. Types of orders or orders from customers have variations and types and fluctuating amounts.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 195,
"width": 222,
"height": 246,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The inventory system applied in the company is that orders are made at the beginning of each month with a lead time of four days and [4] Order quantity is based on estimates only. Companies sometimes experience an excess or lack of production material when a customer changes an order request for certain types [5]. To solve this problem, a data mining technique is needed in analyzing the habits of ordering customers in knowing the relationship between an item and another item in order to find out what types of NIKE shoes are the most often ordered simultaneously by customers. [6] Data mining is the process of analyzing data to find a pattern from the hidden data sets. The application of the apriori algorithm to data mining techniques is very efficient and can speed up the process of forming item combination patterns [7] then the test is carried out to whether the combination meets the minimum support and confidence parameters, which are the threshold values given by the user [8].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 441,
"width": 222,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This study aims to analyze shoe orders for 6 months using the apriori algorithm and association rules. So that the results can be seen what type of shoes are often purchased simultaneously by customers during the 6 months.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 511,
"width": 94,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Literature Research",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 535,
"width": 222,
"height": 235,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "There are several previous studies related to the Apriori Algorithm. Research conducted by Anggraini, Putri, and Utami [9] Regarding the Implementation of the Apriori Algorithm in Determining the Most Interested Car Sales at Honda Permata Serpong, said that Data Mining is very useful to determine the relationship between the frequency pattern of Honda car sales that consumers are most interested in. The results of sales data for the Honda Permata Serpong 2018, with the highest support and confidence values are the Mobilio-Brio Satya (50% -100%), Jazz-HRV (33.33% -100%), and HRV-Mobilio-Brio Satya (33.33% -100%). With the results of the sales analysis at Honda Permata Serpong, it is hoped that it can regulate the stock of goods for marketing so that there is no accumulation of less desirable goods, which results in losses in the future. [10], suggested that the Apriori algorithm with minimum support of 30% and a minimum of 60% confidence",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 89,
"width": 222,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "can produce 6 final association rules which are very useful for making decisions in preparing stocks of what types of shoes are needed in the future. Subsequent research conducted by Lestari and Hafiz on the Application of the Apriori Algorithm to the Barbar Warehouse Sales Data [11], argues that Barbar Warehouse owners can find out which product categories are most sold each week in sales for 3 months by using apriori algorithm, namely the Bedding (bed sheet) and Watches (glasses) category with 100% confidence and support values. The a priori algorithm has a positive influence on the sales report of Barbar Warehouse because the owner can find out which products need to be reproduced or reduced in stock to increase sales turnover.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 265,
"width": 222,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on the GAP analysis of the above research with this research using apriori algorithm is to determine the pattern of shoe orders by the customer which can be used as knowledge or a reference in determining efficient production material inventory so that the production process can run smoothly and can reduce additional costs such as costs of stock.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 352,
"top": 371,
"width": 128,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 394,
"width": 76,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Research Stages",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 418,
"width": 222,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Research is looking through a methodical process of adding to knowledge itself and with others, by the discovery of facts and unusual insights [12]. The following are the steps taken by the author in this research can be seen in figure 1 below:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 394,
"top": 509,
"width": 61,
"height": 217,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Start Preliminary Study Studi Literatur Data Collection Data Processing with Data Mining Analyze the Results Results and Conclusion Finis h",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 735,
"width": 180,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Source: [13] Figure 1. Stages of Research",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 365,
"top": 36,
"width": 154,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "VOL. 6. NO. 2 FEBRUARY 2020 . . DOI: 10.33480 /jitk.v6i2.2118 .",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 800,
"width": 21,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "235",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 89,
"width": 177,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Explanation of the stages of the research:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 101,
"width": 97,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Preliminary study",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 113,
"width": 204,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The first step of this research is to find and study the problems that exist at PT. Pratama Abadi Industri then determines the scope of the problem, the background of the problem, and studies some literature related to the problem and how to find solutions to these problems.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 183,
"width": 222,
"height": 118,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Data Collection In this context, it is intended to find out important things related to this research. Data collection is done by making observations at PT. Pratama Abadi Industri. Also, researchers conducted interviews with parties related to this research. Then the authors took a sample of the order transaction database in May 2020 - October 2020 at PT. Pratama Abadi Industri to supporting this research.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 300,
"width": 222,
"height": 118,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Data Processing with Data Mining The data processing process is carried out to identify the problems and are often at PT. Pratama Abadi Industri, then an analysis of these problems is carried out for the author to get a solution, and then the algorithm can be used to obtain a solution. In the next stage, the authors use data mining techniques with a priori algorithms to get results as goals to be achieved.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 418,
"width": 222,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Analyze the Results At this stage, the authors analyzed the results with the tools used as system testing, namely is Tanagra 1.4.50.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 464,
"width": 222,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e. Results and Conclusion After being tested, the results of the analysis are between manual ways and testing using the software of data processing. The next step is to provide conclusions that can be made into new knowledge that has been obtained from the test results of a priori algorithm model.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 558,
"width": 119,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Data collection technique",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 582,
"width": 221,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Observation The author made observations at PT. Pratama Abadi Industri. The author observes the business process and procedures that run in the company and collecting the data and information required in this research.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 652,
"width": 221,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Interview The author collects the data by interacting and communicating directly with Mr. Jaelani as the Warehouse Staff at PT. Pratama Abadi Industri to provide the necessary information in writing this research.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 722,
"width": 221,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Library Study This method is carried out by the author are reading and quoting books, journals, and other",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 89,
"width": 200,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "sources related to modeling using the data mining and a priori algorithms.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 124,
"width": 101,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Data analysis method",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 148,
"width": 222,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "To achieve the goals of this research, the author uses quantitative data analysis methods. [14] Quantitative data analysis is a data analysis that is used if the conclusions obtained can be proven by numbers and a formula that is related to the analysis is also used in the calculations. In analyzing the data, the author uses a priori algorithm calculation.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 354,
"top": 242,
"width": 124,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 265,
"width": 63,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Data analysis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 277,
"width": 222,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In this research, the stages began with data analysis to apply the apriori algorithm in analyzing orders at PT. Pratama Abadi Industri. Data on this research are using secondary data on shoe orders obtained from PT. Pratama Abadi Industri as shown in table 1 below:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 359,
"width": 183,
"height": 171,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 1. List of Types NIKE Shoes No. Types of NIKE Shoes 1 Air Max Plus 2 Air Zoom 3 Classic Cortez Leather 4 Flyease 5 Revolution 5 6 SB Air Trainer I ISO 7 Speedrep 8 Tailwind 9 TN Supreme 10 Waffle Trainer 11 Zoom 2K Source: [15]",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 541,
"width": 222,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The next stage is grouping the 3 types of NIKE shoes that are most ordered by customers based on the historical data of PT. Pratama Abadi Industri from May 2020 to October 2020, resulting in a transaction pattern as shown in table 2 below:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 612,
"width": 217,
"height": 145,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 2. Transaction Patterns of Ordering NIKE Shoes Month Itemset 5 Tailwind, Revolution 5, Air Max Plus 6 Waffle Trainer, Zoom 2K, Air Max Plus 7 Classic Cortez Leather, Air Max Plus, Revolution 5 8 Tailwind, Revolution 5, Air Max Plus 9 Zoom 2K, Classic Cortez Leather, Revolution 5 10 Speedrep, Zoom 2K, Revolution 5 Source: [15]",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 36,
"width": 152,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "VOL. 6. NO. 2 FEBRUARY 2020",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 49,
"width": 198,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": ". DOI: 10.33480 /jitk.v6i2.2118",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 796,
"width": 21,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "236",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 89,
"width": 222,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Then, the tabulation format of each month, if created will be like are in table 3 below:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 124,
"width": 204,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 3. Tabulation Format of Data Transaction",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 137,
"width": 214,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mo nth Ta il wi nd Rev olut ion 5 Air Max Plus Waf fle Tra iner Zo om 2K Clas sic Cor tez Spe edr ep",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 184,
"width": 217,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 7 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 8 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 9 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 10 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 Source: [15]",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 281,
"width": 129,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Frequency Pattern Analysis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 304,
"width": 222,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Itemset Formation This stage looks for a combination of items that qualify the minimum requirements of the support value in the database. The process of forming C 1 or called is 1 itemset with a minimum value of support = 30% which produces the itemset as in table 4 below:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 398,
"width": 217,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 4. Itemset with a Minimum Support of 30% Itemset Total Support Tailwind 2 33.33% Revolution 5 5 83.33% Air Max Plus 4 66.67% Zoom 2K 3 50.00% Classic Cortez Leather 2 33.33% Source: [16]",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 514,
"width": 222,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "After the calculation results from C 1 are obtained, it is followed by the process of forming C 2 or called is 2 itemset with a minimum support value = 30% which produces the itemset as in table 5 below:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 573,
"width": 212,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 5. Itemset with a Minimum Support of 30%",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 585,
"width": 215,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Itemset Total Support Tailwind, Revolution 5 2 33.33% Tailwind, Air Max Plus 2 33.33% Revolution 5, Air Max Plus 3 50.00% Revolution 5, Zoom 2K 2 33.33% Revolution 5, Classic Cortez Leather 2 33.33% Source: [16]",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 693,
"width": 222,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The last stage is to continue the process of forming C3 or called is 3 itemset with a minimum support value = 30% which produces an itemset as in table 6 below:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 89,
"width": 217,
"height": 84,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 6. Itemset with a Minimum Support of 30% Itemset Total Support Tailwind, Revolution 5, Air Max Plus 2 33.33% Source: [16] Final Association Rules",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 173,
"width": 222,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "After all high-frequency patterns are found (C 1 , C 2 , and C 3 ), then the association rules are looked for with the results of the frequency patterns shown in table 7 below:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 231,
"width": 204,
"height": 133,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 7. Results of Qualifying High-Frequency Patterns Itemset Support Tailwind, Revolution 5 33.33% Tailwind, Air Max Plus 33.33% Revolution 5, Air Max Plus 50.00% Revolution 5, Zoom 2K 33.33% Revolution 5, Classic Cortez Leather 33.33% Tailwind, Revolution 5, Air Max Plus 33.33%",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 364,
"width": 54,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Source: [16]",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 388,
"width": 222,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The next step is to look for association rules that qualify the minimum requirements for confidence, by calculating confidence or associative A → B, with a minimum value of confidence = 70% which results in the itemset as in table 8 below:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 458,
"width": 193,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 8. Results of Confidence or Association",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 314,
"top": 470,
"width": 203,
"height": 275,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rules Confidence If you order Tailwind, it will order Revolution 5 2/2 100% If you order Revolution 5, you order Tailwind 2/5 40% If you order Tailwind, you will order Air Max Plus 2/2 100% If you order Air Max Plus, you will order Tailwind 2/4 50% If you order Revolution 5, you will order Air Max Plus 3/5 60% If you order Air Max Plus, you will order Revolution 5 3/4 75% If you order Revolution 5, it will order the Zoom 2K 2/5 40% If you order Zoom 2K, it will order Revolution 5 2/3 66.67% If you order Revolution 5, you will order Classic Cortez Leather 2/5 40% If you order Classic Cortez Leather, you will order Revolution 5 2/2 100%",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 365,
"top": 36,
"width": 154,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "VOL. 6. NO. 2 FEBRUARY 2020 . . DOI: 10.33480 /jitk.v6i2.2118 .",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 800,
"width": 21,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "237",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 90,
"width": 212,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rules Confidence If you order Tailwind, you will order Revolution 5 and Air Max Plus 2/2 100% If you order Revolution 5, you will order Tailwind and Air Max Plus 2/5 40% If you order Air Max Plus, you will order Revolution 5 and Tailwind 2/4 50% If you order Tailwind and Revolution 5, you will order Air Max Plus 2/2 100% If you order Tailwind and Air Max Plus, you will order Revolution 5 2/2 100% If you order Air Max Plus and Revolution 5, you will order Tailwind 2/3 66.67% Source: [16]",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 339,
"width": 222,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The final step is the formation of a final association rule that is obtained based on predetermined minimum support and minimum confidence, so can be seen in table 9 and the diagram below:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 274,
"width": 450,
"height": 410,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 9. Final Association Rules Rules Support Confidence If you order Tailwind, it will order Revolution 5 33.33% 100% If you order Tailwind, you will order Air Max Plus 33.33% 100% If you order Air Max Plus, you will order Revolution 5 50.00% 75% If you order Classic Cortez Leather, you will order Revolution 5 33.33% 100% If you order Tailwind, you will order Revolution 5 and Air Max Plus 33.33% 100% If you order Tailwind and Revolution 5, you will order Air Max Plus 33.33% 100% If you order Tailwind and Air Max Plus, you will order Revolution 5 33.33% 100% Source: [16] Figure 2. Final Association Rules Diagram for the",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 285,
"width": 123,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Most Ordered Type of Shoes",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 321,
"width": 199,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Algorithm Calculation with Tanagra 1.4.50",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 344,
"width": 103,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Algorithm Support",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 356,
"width": 222,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In determining support which consists of input, process, and output. Following are the results of support based on the results of the analysis carried out and can be seen in figure 3 and 4 below:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 347,
"top": 533,
"width": 138,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 3. Data Retrieval Process",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 556,
"width": 222,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 3 above is the process of retrieving data from Microsoft Excel to Tanagra 1.4.50 for the data processing.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 361,
"top": 757,
"width": 110,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 4. Display Support",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 318,
"top": 99,
"width": 144,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "0,00% 20,00% 40,00% 60,00% 80,00% 100,00% 120,00% Grafik Apriori Confidence Support",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 36,
"width": 152,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "VOL. 6. NO. 2 FEBRUARY 2020",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 49,
"width": 198,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": ". DOI: 10.33480 /jitk.v6i2.2118",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 796,
"width": 21,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "238",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 89,
"width": 222,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 4 above is the result of the support that has been previously determined by the author.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 124,
"width": 222,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Algorithm Confidence In determining confidence which consists of input, process, and output. Following are the results of the implementation using Tanagra 1.4.50 and can be seen in figure 5 and 6 below:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 83,
"top": 332,
"width": 198,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 5. Determining the Value of Confidence",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 486,
"width": 222,
"height": 106,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 6. Results of the Final Association Rule Figure 6 above is the result of the final association of shoe ordering patterns at PT. Pratama Abadi Industri. So, based on the picture above, the application of the a priori algorithm can result in 7 strong rules associated with the most popular products by the customer are Tailwind, Revolution 5, Air Max Plus, and Classic Cortez Leather.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 603,
"width": 62,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "CONCLUSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 626,
"width": 222,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In this research, the a priori algorithm was successfully applied for the search of shoe ordering patterns at PT. Pratama Abadi Industri. This can be seen from the results of the research which shows that the most ordered types of shoes are ordered by customers at PT. Pratama Abadi Industri, by looking at products that qualify for minimum support and minimum confidence. From the highest final association rules, it is known that if you order Tailwind you will order Revolution 5 with 33.33% support and 100% confidence. If you order Tailwind, you will order Air Max Plus with 33.33%",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 89,
"width": 222,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "support and 100% confidence. If you order Classic Cortez leather, you will order Revolution 5 with 33.33% support and 100% confidence. If you order Tailwind, you will order Revolution 5 and Air Max Plus with 33.33% support and 100% confidence. If you order Tailwind and Revolution 5, you will order Air Max Plus with 33.33% support and 100% confidence. So based on the results of this research, knowing the type of NIKE shoes that customers are most interested in can be used as knowledge or reference for PT. Pratama Abadi Industri to determining the supply of production materials optimally and efficiently which can ensure the continuity of the production process on increasing the company's turnover in the future.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 388,
"top": 277,
"width": 57,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "REFERENCE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 300,
"width": 222,
"height": 212,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[1] BPS, “Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia Triwulan I-2020,” Badan Pus. Stat., pp. 1–12, 2020. [2] A. S. Rizal, N. L. W. S. Telagawathi, N. N. Yulianthini, and K. E. S. Putra, “Pengaruh Citra Merek Dan Harga Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Sepatu Merek Nike Di Singaraja Futsal,” J. Prospek, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 34–40, 2019. [3] S. Supriyanto, “Pengeluaran Rata-Rata Per Kapita Sebulan Menurut Kelompok Barang Indonesia,” Badan Pusat Statistik, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.bps.go.id/statictable/2009/0 6/15/937/persentase-pengeluaran-rata- rata-per-kapita-sebulan-menurut- kelompok-barang-indonesia-1999-2002- 2018.html.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 511,
"width": 222,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[4] A. Bachtiar, “Inventory Control Indirect Material: EOQ Model, Efektivitas Produksi,”",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 337,
"top": 535,
"width": 190,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "J. Ekon. dan Bisnis, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 103–113,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 337,
"top": 546,
"width": 26,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2017.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 558,
"width": 222,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[5] J. Efendi, K. Hidayat, and R. Faridz, “Analisis Pengendalian Persediaan Bahan Baku Kerupuk Mentah Potato dan Kentang Keriting Menggunakan Metode Economic Order Quantity ( EOQ ),” Junal Perfoma Media Ilm. Tek. Ind., vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 125– 134, 2019.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 640,
"width": 222,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[6] R. Yanto and H. Di Kesuma, “Pemanfaatan Data Mining Untuk Penempatan Buku Di Perpustakaan Menggunakan Metode Association Rule,” J. Jatisi, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 337,
"top": 687,
"width": 42,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "10, 2017.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 699,
"width": 222,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[7] E. L. Febrianti and A. Suryadi, “Penerapan Data Mining Dengan Algoritma Apriori Untuk Analisis Pola Pembelian Konsumen,” Semin. Nas. R., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 173–176, 2018.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 758,
"width": 222,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[8] M. Safii and A. Trydillah, “Implementasi Data",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 365,
"top": 36,
"width": 154,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "VOL. 6. NO. 2 FEBRUARY 2020 . . DOI: 10.33480 /jitk.v6i2.2118 .",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 800,
"width": 21,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "239",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 89,
"width": 190,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mining Dalam Menentukan Pola Pembelian Obat Dengan Metode Algoritma Apriori,” J.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 113,
"width": 190,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Manaj. Inform. Komputerisasi Akuntasi, vol.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 124,
"width": 108,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3, no. 1, pp. 66–71, 2019.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 136,
"width": 222,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[9] D. Anggraini, S. A. Putri, and L. A. Utami, “Implementasi Algoritma Apriori Dalam Menentukan Penjualan Mobil Yang Paling Diminati Pada Honda Permata Serpong,” J.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 183,
"width": 190,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Media Inform. Budidarma, vol. 4, no. April, pp. 302–308, 2020.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 207,
"width": 222,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[10] E. D. Sikumbang, “Penerapan Data Mining Penjualan Sepatu Menggunakan Metode Algoritma Apriori,” J. Tek. Komput., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 156–161, 2018.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 253,
"width": 222,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[11] A. F. Lestari and M. Hafiz, “Penerapan Algoritma Apriori Pada Data Penjualan Barbar Warehouse,” J. Inovtek Polbeng, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 96–105, 2020.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 300,
"width": 222,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[12] N. E. Putria, “Data Mining Penjualan Tiket Pesawat Menggunakan Algoritma Apriori Pada Terminal Tiket Batam Tour Travel,” J. CBIS, vol. 06, no. 01, pp. 29–39, 2018.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 347,
"width": 222,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[13] A. F. Budiantara and C. Budihartanti,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 359,
"width": 190,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "“Implementasi Data Mining Dalam Manajemen Inventory Pada PT. Mastersystem Infotama Menggunakan Metode Algoritma Apriori,” J. PROSISKO, vol.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 406,
"width": 108,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "7, no. 1, pp. 26–31, 2020.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 418,
"width": 222,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[14] M. A. Rahma, “Implementasi Metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) Sebagai Pendukung Keputusan Pembelian Sepeda Motor,” J. Ilmu Pengetah. dan Teknol.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 464,
"width": 176,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Komput., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 125–130, 2018.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 476,
"width": 222,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[15] P. P. A. Industri, Laporan Transaksi Pemesanan Sepatu NIKE. 2020.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 500,
"width": 222,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[16] R. Wati, I. Imron, and A. Riyandi, Laporan Akhir Penelitian: Analisis Pola Pemesanan Sepatu Pada PT. Pratama Abadi Industri Dengan Menggunakan Algoritma Apriori.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 546,
"width": 61,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jakarta, 2020.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 36,
"width": 152,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "VOL. 6. NO. 2 FEBRUARY 2020",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 49,
"width": 198,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": ". DOI: 10.33480 /jitk.v6i2.2118",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 796,
"width": 21,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "240",
"type": "Page footer"
}
] |
f635449e-346a-6cbb-3e60-a2262ccf0069 | https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/kp/article/download/20111/7880 | [
{
"left": 78,
"top": 57,
"width": 243,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Available online at: http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/kp Khazanah Pendidikan Islam, Vol. 4 No. 3: 111-118",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 92,
"width": 124,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DOI: 10.15575/kp.v4i3. 20111",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 739,
"width": 418,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "* Copyright (c) 2022 Hudzaifah Achmad Qotadah et.al This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 774,
"width": 377,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Recieved: August 31, 2022; Revised: November 19, 2022; Accepted: November 27, 2022",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 146,
"width": 424,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Developing Student-Inclusive Characters Through Al- Quran and Ḥadīth",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 101,
"top": 173,
"width": 397,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hudzaifah Achmad Qotadah 1* , Iqbal Syafri 2 , Adang Darmawan Achmad 3 , Ma’isyatusy Syarifah 4 , Abdurrahman Achmad Al-Anshary 5",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 150,
"top": 204,
"width": 295,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Doctoral Candidate, Islamic University of Indonesia, Indonesia 2 SD Negeri Krapyak 1, Yogyakarta, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 184,
"top": 230,
"width": 231,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3 Muhammdiyah University of Cirebon, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 225,
"top": 243,
"width": 148,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4 University of Malaya, Malaysia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 256,
"width": 288,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5 Islamic University of Madinah, Saudi Arabia *Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 270,
"top": 294,
"width": 57,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 310,
"width": 385,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Education is a fundamentally important social activity, and its major objective is to improve the social environment. Therefore, education that focuses on establishing an inclusive and open attitude, particularly in matters of religion, is essential, particularly in the lives of people who live in a society with a varied range of beliefs and practices. Hence, the primary objective of this research is to analyze how developing student-inclusive characters through learning Quran and ḥadīth. The research employed a full qualitative method and data documentation through the semi-structured interview method by using Bahasa Indonesia, which was then analyzed descriptively. The interview took place at MAN 1 Yogyakarta and it involved various participants. Based on the findings of the research, it is possible to develop student-inclusive characters through the study of Quranic verses and ḥadīth texts by employing three practices; the historical approach, values examination, and case analysis. Thus, students will confidently be able to form groups of individuals who live in harmony, and it may provide a means of resolving various problems and hatred.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 442,
"width": 215,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Inclusive, Characters, Student, Al-Quran, Ḥadīth",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 273,
"top": 465,
"width": 51,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 481,
"width": 385,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendidikan adalah kegiatan sosial yang sangat penting, dan tujuan utamanya adalah untuk memperbaiki lingkungan sosial menjadi jauh lebih baik. Oleh karena itu, pendidikan yang menitikberatkan pada pembentukan sikap inklusif dan terbuka, khususnya dalam masalah agama, menjadi sangat penting, terutama dalam kehidupan masyarakat yang hidup dalam masyarakat dengan keragaman keyakinan dan budaya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji bagaimana pembelajaran al-Quran dan hadis dapat membantu menumbuhkan karakter inklusif para siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif baik berbasis library research maupun wawancara dan kemuian di analisis secara deskriptif. Sebanyak tiga belas partisipan dari MAN 1 Yogyakarta ikut berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini dimana sebelas siswa dari tingkat Aliyah dan dua guru ajar agama. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian ini, dimungkinkan untuk mengembangkan karakter inklusif siswa melalui pembelajaran al-Quran dan hadits dengan menggunakan berbagai teknik pembelajaran integratif baik berlandaskan pada pendekatan sejarah, analisis nilai, ataupun studi kasus tertentu. Dengan demikian, siswa akan segera dapat mengembangkan sikap menerima dan toleran terhadap berbagai perspektif multikultural, termasuk dalam persoalan agama sehingga para peserta didiki mampu membentuk kelompok-kelompok individu yang hidup secara rukun, dan dapat menjadi jalan keluar yang bisa mengurai berbagai konflik dan permusuhan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 645,
"width": 194,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci: Inklusif, Karakter, Siswa, Al-Quran, Hadis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 146,
"top": 57,
"width": 304,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Khazanah Pendidikan Islam, Vol. 4 No. 3: 111-118 Developing Student-Inclusive Characters Through Al-Quran and Ḥadīth",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 228,
"top": 80,
"width": 141,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hudzaifah Achmad Qotadah et.al",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 418,
"top": 774,
"width": 102,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2715-968X (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 773,
"width": 27,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "112 │",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 113,
"width": 81,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "INTRODUCTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 134,
"width": 442,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesia is widely recognized as one of the world's most religiously and culturally diverse countries. It is also one of the most multicultural countries in the world. It is observable because of its extensive geographical location, islands, and the socio-cultural conditions that exist there, with various faith consisting of Islam as the religion of the majority, Christianity, Catholicism, Hinduism, and others. The diversity of religions could have both positive and negative effects on society (Kusnandar, 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 204,
"width": 442,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In spite of this, there will be greater religious harmony across communities if the diversity in question, which in this case refers to religion, can be managed efficiently. On the other hand, if diversity is not managed effectively, it can result in many unfavorable outcomes, such as armed conflict, the promotion of bigotry, and the subordination of national identities. The practice of exclusivism within religious communities has the potential to be one of the primary drivers behind the emergence of those unfavorable effects on society. In recent years, Lestari (2022) saw a rise in narratives that address religious differences in an exclusive perspective, particularly in Indonesia. This pattern has been particularly noticeable on social media platforms.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 316,
"width": 442,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "These narratives almost often come hand in hand with an attitude of intolerance toward other people's religious practices, whether they belong to the same faith or to a completely different one. There are many manifestations of intolerance, such as infidel-infidel narratives and acts of violence against opposing opinions. Therefore, it is not unfair to compare the exclusivism seen in religion to a disease that causes the believers' bodies to decay away. Exclusivism in religious practice could even lead to at least two different things; (1) it has the ability to serve as an effective tool for developing group identity, and (2) it may be used to blame and attack non-group members. If this happens, religious concord will be lost, specifically if politics are involved (Dan Sri Suharti, 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 428,
"width": 442,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A plural society is conflict-prone, significantly if religious exclusivity trumps inclusivity. Since a critical consciousness does not usually accompany Islamic consciousness towards religion, the Muslim population in Indonesia suffers from this restrictive attitude today. It is obvious that this is not something that should be ignored, especially considering the enormous repercussions that would arise from the growth of an exclusive approach toward religion. Such a circumstance could bring about instability and threaten religious harmony, similar to what we have witnessed in countries in the Middle East, such as Iraq, Libya, and others (Ronaldo, 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 526,
"width": 442,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Because of the country's diverse religious population, it is crucial for Indonesians to develop to behave and think inclusively, especially when it comes to matters of faith if they hope to preserve peace, unity, and harmony in the country. Additionally, promoting inclusivism in religious concerns toward society has the potential to establish a cohesive society in which individuals of different faiths can engage in amicable interaction (Arimbawa & Maheswari, 2021) as stated in the third principle of Pancasila, which is referred to as \"the unity of Indonesia.\" This principle indicates that the people of Indonesia are expected to collaborate and come together in order to accomplish a shared goal. The educational strategy is one method that can be used to put inclusive religious practices into action.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 638,
"width": 442,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Several studies have already examined the inclusivity related to religious matters. For example, first, research conducted by Larassati (2020) under the title “ Pendekatan Inklusif Dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam .” Second, a paper entitled “ Penanaman Sikap Inklusif Keberagamaan Hindu ,” was written by Sri Sri Windati and Sudarsana (2020). Third, a study conducted by Rumahuru, (2019) , entitled “ Mengembangkan Pendidikan Agama Inklusif Sebagai Solusi Pengelolaan Keragaman di Indonesia, ” and fourth, a paper carried out by Talupun (2021) , entitled “ Pendidikan Agama Inklusif Sebagai Fondasi Moderasi Beragama: Strategi Merawat Keberagaman di Indonesia .”",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 146,
"top": 57,
"width": 304,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Khazanah Pendidikan Islam, Vol. 4 No. 3: 111-118 Developing Student-Inclusive Characters Through Al-Quran and Ḥadīth",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 228,
"top": 80,
"width": 141,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hudzaifah Achmad Qotadah et.al",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 774,
"width": 102,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2715-968X (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 491,
"top": 773,
"width": 27,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "│ 113",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 115,
"width": 442,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "All prior studies concluded that preserving peace, unity, and harmony among Indonesian communities should be founded on inclusive religious education, not the contrary. Inclusive religious education can serve as an effective model and solution for developing acceptance attitudes toward other groups. Thus, this study differs from others since it analyzes how learnig the Quran and ḥadīth can help schools build student-inclusive characters.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 201,
"width": 102,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "RESEARCH METHOD",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 222,
"width": 442,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The full qualitative method was used in this research, and supporting documents and data relevant to this research topic were then analyzed descriptively. Two research instruments, the library research and the interview method were used, with interviews conducted using Bahasa (Indonesia). The interview took place at MAN 1 Yogyakarta in January 2021 and it involved eleven participants from Aliyah level consisting of six male students (Wildan Dzaky Ramadhan, Musyaffa Akbar, Faiz Gymnastiar, Abdullah, Muhammad Hafidz Al Ghozy, and Dzahwan Myvi), and five female students (Naila Ilma Kauna, Azra Syifaul Wafa, Illona Azzahra, Illona Azzahra, Nadhira Hayyin, and Hana Kamila), and two teachers (Dzulhaq Nurhadi and Hilman Abdullah).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 351,
"width": 127,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "RESULT AND DISCUSSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 376,
"width": 343,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Understanding Religious Inclusivity Based on a Historical Approach",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 397,
"width": 442,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Afroni (2019) said that if history is utilized as a method for investigating religious comprehension, then the perspective will be able to target many types of previous events because the historical method is a study and other sources containing information about the past are carefully examined. Therefore, it is possible to say that the approach taken in the study of religion is a conscientious and methodical effort to know and understand in depth the complexities or matters related to religion, both related to the teachings of the religion as well as its history and the practical implementation of the religion in everyday life, for as long as its history has existed. By using this method, an individual is given the opportunity to participate in a scenario that is associated with the implementation of an event (Haryanto, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 509,
"width": 442,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Therefore, MAN 1 students in Yogyakarta must understand the historical context of the Quranic verses ( asbab al-nuzul ) and the ḥadīth ( asbab al-wurud ). This due to a specific of quranic passages and ḥadīth seem to be problematic, such as discourse involving war, jihad, and other Islam-related concerns. These sensitive verses would be impossible to understand without knowing the Quran's and ḥadīth history ( asbab al-nuzul and asbab al-wurud ) (Ahmad, 2018) . Therefore, Hilman Abdullah and Dzulhaq Nurhadi recommended that learni ng Quranic texts and ḥadīth in school must include the right interpretation to fully comprehend sensitive and debatable verses. Due of this, understanding asbāb al - nuzūl and asbāb al - wurūd could assist learners in better comprehending particular verses in the Quran and adth.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 635,
"width": 442,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The terms asbāb al - nuzūl and asbāb al - wurūd are originated from Arabic. Asbāb is the plural of sabab , which means reasons, causes, occasion, or illat whereas nuzūl is the verbal noun of nzl , which means to descend, send down, or reveal. Bakhtiar (2018) that asbāb al - nuzūl can be regarded as situations or queries that occurred during the Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH) lifetime, after which Allah revealed an explanation to him (Bakhtiar, 2018). Ramle (2022) defines asbāb al- wurūd as the causes of ḥadīth narration, or all circumstances that inspired the Prophet PBUH to narrate ḥadīth, such as answering a question, narrating a story, and happenings (Ramle & Huda, 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 146,
"top": 57,
"width": 304,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Khazanah Pendidikan Islam, Vol. 4 No. 3: 111-118 Developing Student-Inclusive Characters Through Al-Quran and Ḥadīth",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 228,
"top": 80,
"width": 141,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hudzaifah Achmad Qotadah et.al",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 418,
"top": 774,
"width": 102,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2715-968X (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 773,
"width": 27,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "114 │",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 115,
"width": 442,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Putri (2020) said that understanding asbāb al - nuzūl and asbāb al - wurūd is an effective method for interpreting the Quran and ḥadīth since it reveals the secret message of Quranic verses or adath that cannot be understood without understanding nuzūl and wurūd (Ahmad, 2018). According to the opinions of a few students, such as Wildan Dzaky Ramadhan and Naila Ilma Kauna, it is possible that students' understanding of a passage or ḥadīth may be enhanced if they had a deeper understanding of the historical context in which the Quran and ḥadīth were revealed. Wildan said ; “f or me, to be able to understand a verse or ḥadīth is quite difficult if it is only taught textually. However, for instance, while it is being taught with history, why is that verse or ḥadīth descended, it will be easier to understand, and class lessons will become more interesting, and it will not be boring. ”",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 241,
"width": 442,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "As a consequence of this statement, we realized that the historical approach could help learners understand sensitive materials based on historical facts delivered by an educator. Thus, students can identify and justify their own historical subjectivity, allowing them to adopt an inclusive stance toward religious matters. Besides, understanding religious subjects that historical developments can support has implications for students' analytical skills, which in turn positively impacts students' attitudes. This approach will likely help students are becoming more religiously tolerant. Hence, implementing inclusive principles to develop multicultural values in the school culture, primarily at MAN 1 Yogyakarta, is vital because open-minded students may welcome variety in society.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 353,
"width": 442,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "To get an education that can apply multicultural concepts to religious diversity, use a learning strategy that enhances multicultural awareness when examining a passage from the Quran or ḥadīth . Having a proper understanding of Quranic verses and ḥadīth allows students to engage with diverse cultures and faith that promotes an inclusive attitudes (Afifuddin, 2019). Becaues of this, education is not solely concerned with delivering information but with attitudes, manners, respect, and personalities. When exploring the substance of a specific verse, either from the Quran or ḥadīth, it is vital to employ a learning method that develops multicultural awareness to gain an education capable of implementing multicultural principles in religious diversity.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 465,
"width": 442,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A student with a clear understanding of the proper interpretation of the Quran and the ḥadīth verses will be more equipped to deal with the many different cultures and points of view on the broader world. It teaches kids how to engage in acts of kindness and how to prevent conflicts and how to build a school atmosphere that supports ethnic and religious diversity (Afifuddin, 2019).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 532,
"width": 325,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Understanding Inclusivity of Religious Based on Values Analysis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 553,
"width": 442,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In Hilman and Dzulhaq's (2021) opinion, a teacher commits to his or her student to exhibit an uncompromising dedication to the brotherhood concept. It could encourage students to develop brotherly values and attitudes. Studying the Quran and hadith as a part of the school curriculum could help the teacher encourage students to examine Quran and ḥadīth verses that promote inclusivity. Several techniques can be used for analyzing inclusive value either from Quran or hadith, such as below:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 634,
"width": 129,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ethical theological values",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 655,
"width": 442,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The main principles of Islam can be categorized into two categories, and both of these parts can indeed be found in the Islamic texts of the Quran and the ḥadīth. First, there is a religious component that necessitates a teacher to explain how to u nderstand the Quran and ḥadīth texts that are being used. Then, this interpretation is communicated to the students in a conversational way, resulting in students who have a superficial comprehension of theology not considering religious principles unclear and deceptive. The second thing to consider is ethics; when it comes to maintaining proper harmony among an extensive",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 146,
"top": 57,
"width": 304,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Khazanah Pendidikan Islam, Vol. 4 No. 3: 111-118 Developing Student-Inclusive Characters Through Al-Quran and Ḥadīth",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 228,
"top": 80,
"width": 141,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hudzaifah Achmad Qotadah et.al",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 774,
"width": 102,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2715-968X (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 491,
"top": 773,
"width": 27,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "│ 115",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 115,
"width": 442,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "wide range of human interactions, ethics plays a key role. By prioritizing harmony and unity over conflict and division, it makes sure that the establishing values and norms do their best to prevent both.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 143,
"width": 442,
"height": 194,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dzulhaq Nurhadi and Hilman Abdullah adopted a hermeneutic approach to clarify and reduce the ambiguity of particular texts, such as \"jihad/war\" drawn from the Quran or ḥadīth, while inter preting them. Hermeneutics is the foundation upon which all scriptural interpretations are built. Islam frequently incorporates essential tools, such as tafsir, to assist in analyzing the Quran and ḥadīth. It is essential to teach students about the objectives of the Quran and ḥadīth rationally and ethically that matches their knowledge level. As a direct result of establishing the value of ethical theology, it will be easier for students to appreciate the fundamental aim of their study if this is accomplished. As a result of their studies of the Quran and ḥadīth at MAN 1, Yogyakarta, students are trained to embody the character the instructor proposes, while also being formed into a group of persons with the same understanding. It makes students more accepting and perceptive as they grow. Instrumental values For students to study inclusion ideals, specific te xts derived from the Quran and ḥadīth were offered to them. It allows students to interpret self-expression in a way that allows them to objectively appreciate opposing opinions, although these beliefs contradict their own beliefs. The Quranic verses from al- Kāfirūn, Yūnus, and al - Ḥujurāt illustrate examples of inclusive values.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 343,
"width": 413,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "“Say, ‘O faithless ones! I do not worship what you worship, nor do you worship what I worship; nor will I worship what you have worshiped nor will you worship what I worship, To you your religion, and to me my religion.” (QS. al- Kāfirūn: 1 -6)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 385,
"width": 414,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "“Some of th em believe in it, and some of them do not believe in it, and your Lord best knows the agents of corruption. If they deny you, say, ‘My deeds belong to me and your deeds belong to you: you are absolved of what I do and I am absolved of what you do.” (QS. Yū nus: 40-41)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 427,
"width": 413,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "“O mankind! Indeed We created you from a male and a female, and made you nations and tribes that you may identify yourselves with one another. Indeed the noblest of you in the sight of Allah is the most Godwary among you. Indeed Allah is all-knowing, all- aware.” (QS. al - Ḥujurāt: 13)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 250,
"top": 696,
"width": 98,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Figure 1. Framework",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 483,
"width": 261,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Implementation of QS. al- Kāfirūn verse 1 -6 Developing a tolerant disposition and maintaining moral principles",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 206,
"top": 483,
"width": 290,
"height": 207,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Implementation of QS. Yūnus verse 40-41 Implementation of QS. al- Ḥujurāt verse 13 Students have the ability to behave with inclusiveness in their interactions with other people.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 146,
"top": 57,
"width": 304,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Khazanah Pendidikan Islam, Vol. 4 No. 3: 111-118 Developing Student-Inclusive Characters Through Al-Quran and Ḥadīth",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 228,
"top": 80,
"width": 141,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hudzaifah Achmad Qotadah et.al",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 418,
"top": 774,
"width": 102,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2715-968X (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 773,
"width": 27,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "116 │",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 115,
"width": 442,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In figure 1 show The three verses up top feature inclusive ideals that encourage readers to accept and coexist with individuals of other religions in their day-to-day lives. Because an individual cannot exist without connecting with others, living close to others has become the norm in modern civilization. Also, self-acceptance is one of the most critical factors for a person to accept the diversity around them, where religion and belief are among the most prevalent social distinctions. Hence, lack of self-acceptance toward one's own faith or the beliefs of those around one will cause a variety of problems.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 199,
"width": 442,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Therefore, Nadhira Hayyin (2021) opines that teaching students how to develop an attitude of self-acceptance towards heterogeneity from an early age is vital. It should occur in the family setting and the school environment. A teacher, in particular at MAN 1 Yogyakarta, should frequently teach the Quran and ḥadīth to his students to familiarize them with the multiple values that result from an inclusive approach. Since some texts from the Quran and hadith can be difficult to interpret, these challenges must be dealt with concretely to improve the student's comprehension. Therefore, studying the Quran and ḥadīth can contribute to the creation of an inclusive culture within the context of a school setting.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 308,
"width": 307,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Understanding Inclusivity of Religious Through Case Studies",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 329,
"width": 442,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The case study method is used to assist learners in developing more tolerant attitudes regarding rising religious challenges in the community. The activities and occurrences linked with an object can be learned about, comprehended, explored, and researched through a case study method. This method uses all-encompassing and inclusive methods (Prihatsanti et al., 2018). Nur’aini (2020) stated that a case study has several characteristics, focusing on real-world instances, explaining the causal relationship, using numerous sources of evidence, and generalizing the theory.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 413,
"width": 442,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Using a method called \"case study learning,\" students will be advised to pay close attention to events that happen in real life and use them to help them fully comprehend specific sections of the Quranic verses and ḥadīth . According to Hilman and Dzulhaq (2021) as a teacher, the case study method allows classroom-based information sharing based on factual and practical Islamic law circumstances. This approach would eventually improve students in interactions with various belief parties. Students can be taught the Quran and Hadith through case studies using one of the two learning techniques below:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 508,
"width": 258,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selection of theme, topic, and cases in the classroom",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 529,
"width": 442,
"height": 166,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "At MAN 1 Yogyakarta, in particular, multiple global and local events can be utilized as teaching examples to foster an inclusive mentality within the classroom. Battles fought in the name of a certain race or religion, terrorist attacks, instances of conflict between groups of different backgrounds, and maybe even the current topic of public discourse, prejudice, are all examples. When an investigation is being conducted into a case that involves radicalism, intolerance, and violent crimes that have occurred in society, the investigator will be faced with a situation that requires them to employ critical thinking. So, selecting actual and factual phenomena can be appealing to students who, at their age, are at a stage of developing critical thinking that needs to be encouraged. When suitable topics are demonstrated and discussed at the start of a session, it generates a good atmosphere that encourages students to learn productively. Therefore, it is expected that this will incite excitement among the students over the application of this topic as the discussion material (Hilman Abdullah and Abdullah, personal communication, January 24, 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 146,
"top": 57,
"width": 304,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Khazanah Pendidikan Islam, Vol. 4 No. 3: 111-118 Developing Student-Inclusive Characters Through Al-Quran and Ḥadīth",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 228,
"top": 80,
"width": 141,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hudzaifah Achmad Qotadah et.al",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 774,
"width": 102,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2715-968X (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 491,
"top": 773,
"width": 27,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "│ 117",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 114,
"width": 141,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data collecting and analysis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 135,
"width": 442,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The second phase of learning through case studies is students gathering data that will support the case's authenticity. In most cases, a teacher will allow learners to investigate the factors contributing to the creation of issues affecting society, such as radicalism, violence, and intolerance, by studying pertinent data from the library or the internet during a teaching session. By doing this, students could attempt to sketch a decent strategy for addressing those problems (Hilman Abdullah, personal communication, January 24, 2021). Accordingly, students' critical thinking will assist them in comprehending the conceptual boundaries of ḥadīth within the context of the Quran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 233,
"width": 442,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Contextual learning offers benefits for logic and reasoning because it enables students to relate actual societal issues affected by exclusive understanding while giving inclusive solutions that others would embrace (Azra Syifaul Wafa, personal communication, 26 January 2021). Moreover, the case study represents various ways to discover the truth. Although case studies have several drawbacks, they are commonly regarded as an effective research design for uncovering previously unnoticed aspects of social and cultural phenomena that may then be reported to the broader populace and become widely known information (Arimbawa and Maheswari 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 347,
"width": 66,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "CONCLUSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 368,
"width": 442,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The teaching process should include educating learners on how to be inclusive in the form of religious matters since this approach might prepare students to live in harmony and unity. As an outcome, the student may find that learning the al- Quran and ḥadīth might be help in applying the principles of unity in variety into practice. It is pivotal to have a learning method that develops student-inclusive characters while learning the Quran and ḥadīth due to the fact that it will assist students in correctly understanding the Quran and ḥadīth in both textually and contextually. Based on the findings, MAN 1 Yogyakarta teaches the Qur'an and ḥadīth using integrative learning approaches that employ three practices: the historical approach, values examination, and case analysis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 497,
"width": 66,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "REFERENCES",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 515,
"width": 442,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Afifuddin, A. (2019). Pendidikan Agama Inklusif Dalam Upaya Membangun Toleransi Dari Sekolah. International Conference on Islam and CivilizationS (ICIC) , 186 – 194. Afroni, M. (2019). Pendekatan Sejarah Dalam Studi Islam. Jurnal Madaniyah , 9 (2), 268 – 276.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 552,
"width": 442,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ahmad, S. (2018). ASBAB NUZUL (Urgensi dan Fungsinya Dalam Penafsiran Ayat Al-Qur`An). EL- AFKAR : Jurnal Pemikiran Keislaman Dan Tafsir Hadis , 7 (2), 95. https://doi.org/10.29300/jpkth.v7i2.1604",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 589,
"width": 442,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arimbawa, K. S., & Maheswari, P. D. (2021). Inklusivisme Beragama sebagai Langkah Masyarakat Dusun Kampung Sindu, Desa Sinduwati, Kecamatan Sidemen, Kabupaten Karangasem dalam Memelihara Kerukunan Antarumat Beragama. Prosiding Seminar Nasional IAHN-TP Palangka Raya , 2 , 144 – 157. https://doi.org/10.33363/SN.V0I2.77 Bakhtiar, B. (2018). Peranan Asbab Al-Nuzul Dalam Penemuan Hukum. Majala Ilmu Pengetahuan Dan Pemikiran Keagamaan Tajdid , 21 (2), 23 – 37.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 663,
"width": 442,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dan Sri Suharti, N. K. (2016). Pendidikan Islam Berbasis Inklusif Dalam Kehidupan Multikultur. Jurnal Penelitian , 10 (1), 201 – 232. https://doi.org/10.21043/jupe.v10i1.868 Haryanto, S. (2017). Pendekatan Historis Dalam Studi Islam. Manarul Quran: Jurnal Ilmiah Studi Islam , 17 (1), 127 – 135. https://doi.org/10.32699/mq.v17i1.927 Hyangsewu, P., & Lestari, W. (2022). Teologi Inklusif Sebagai Resolusi Konflik Agama Di Era DigitaL. Zawiyah: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam , 8 (1), 39 – 50. https://doi.org/10.31332/ZJPI.V8I1.3558",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 146,
"top": 57,
"width": 304,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Khazanah Pendidikan Islam, Vol. 4 No. 3: 111-118 Developing Student-Inclusive Characters Through Al-Quran and Ḥadīth",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 228,
"top": 80,
"width": 141,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hudzaifah Achmad Qotadah et.al",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 418,
"top": 774,
"width": 102,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2715-968X (online)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 773,
"width": 27,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "118 │",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 113,
"width": 441,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kusnandar, V. B. (2022). Sebanyak 86,93% Penduduk Indonesia Beragama Islam pada 31 Desember",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 126,
"width": 406,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2021. Databoks.Katadata.Co.Id .",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 138,
"width": 389,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2022/02/12/sebanyak-8693-penduduk- indonesia-beragama-islam-pada-31-desember-2021",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 163,
"width": 442,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Larassati, M. A. (2020). Pendekatan Inklusif Dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam. … KOMUNIKA: Journal of Communication Science , 2 (1), 64 – 67. http://www.jurnal.uts.ac.id/index.php/KAGANGA/article/view/628",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 200,
"width": 441,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nur’aini, R. D. (2020). Penerapan Metode Studi Kasus Yin Dalam Penelitian Arsitektur Dan Perilaku.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 212,
"width": 406,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "INERSIA: LNformasi Dan Ekspose Hasil Riset Teknik SIpil Dan Arsitektur , 16 (1), 92 – 104. https://doi.org/10.21831/inersia.v16i1.31319",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 236,
"width": 441,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Prihatsanti, U., Suryanto, S., & Hendriani, W. (2018). Menggunakan Studi Kasus sebagai Metode",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 249,
"width": 406,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ilmiah dalam Psikologi. Buletin Psikologi , 26 (2), 126. https://doi.org/10.22146/buletinpsikologi.38895",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 273,
"width": 442,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Putri, W. (2020). Asbab al-wurud dan Urgensinya dalam Pendidikan. Al-Tarbawi Al-Haditsah: Jurnal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 286,
"width": 441,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendidikan Islam , 5 (1), 1 – 23. https://doi.org/10.24235/tarbawi.v5i1.5885 Ramle, M. R., & Huda, M. (2022). Between Text and Context: Understanding Ḥadīth through Asbab al Wurud. Religions , 13 (2). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13020092",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 322,
"width": 442,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ronaldo, R. (2022). BERAGAMA UNTUK INDONESIA DAMAI. Jurnal Ilmu Agama: Mengkaji Doktrin, Pemikiran, Dan Fenomena Agama , 23 (1), 95 – 106.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 347,
"width": 441,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rumahuru, Y. Z. (2019). Mengembangkan Pendidikan Agama Inklusif sebagai Solusi Pengelolaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 359,
"width": 406,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keragaman di Indonesia. Jurnal Teruna Bhakti , 1 (1), 59.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 372,
"width": 171,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.47131/jtb.v1i1.13",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 384,
"width": 442,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rumahuru, Y. Z., & Talupun, J. S. (2021). Pendidikan agama inklusif sebagai fondasi moderasi beragama: Strategi merawat keberagaman di Indonesia. Kurios , 7 (2), 453 – 462. https://doi.org/10.30995/kur.v7i2.323",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 421,
"width": 441,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sri Windati, N. M., & Sudarsana, I. K. (2020). Penanaman Sikap Inklusif Keberagamaan Hindu. Kamaya: Jurnal Ilmu Agama , 3 (1), 94 – 101. https://doi.org/10.37329/kamaya.v3i1.379",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
a660f7e5-3ce5-a10b-aae6-04ee4bf45386 | http://journal.univetbantara.ac.id/index.php/komdik/article/download/62/57 | [
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 274,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Komunikasi Pendidikan, Vol2 No1, Januari 2018",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 422,
"top": 38,
"width": 92,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P-ISSN 2549-1725 E-ISSN 2549-4163",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 781,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "32",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 88,
"width": 413,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM 2013 DALAM PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN SAINTIFIK DAN TEMATIK INTEGRATIF DI SDN SE-KOTA BANJARMASIN",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 243,
"top": 147,
"width": 109,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hamsi Mansur 1 ; Mastur 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 154,
"top": 172,
"width": 290,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Program Studi Teknologi Pendidikan, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 207,
"width": 38,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 218,
"width": 428,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: (a) perencanaan pembelajaran, (b) pelaksanaan pembelajaran, (c) pelaksanaan penilaian, dan (d) faktor penghambat dan pendukung pelaksanaan pembelajaran dalam rangka mengimplemintasikan Kurikulum 2013 di SDN Se-Kota Banjarmasin. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Subyek penelitian ini adalah personel yang berkaitan dengan implementasi Kurikulum 2013 dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran di SDN Se-Kota Banjarmasin yang terdiri dari Kepala Sekolah, Wakil Kepala Sekolah bagian Kurikulum, Guru, dan Siswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi partisipan, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan 3 temuan. Pertama , perencanaan pembelajaran dilakukan dengan menerjemahkan ide dan konsep Kurikulum 2013 terlebih dahulu, kemudian disusunlah RPP yang dikembangkan secara rinci dari suatu materi pokok atau tema tertentu yang mengacu pada standar isi dan silabus. Kedua , pelaksanaan pembelajaran dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan pendekatan ilmiah (saintifik).. Ketiga , penilaian hasil belajar oleh guru dilakukan dengan menggunakan tes dan non-tes dalam bentuk tertulis maupun lisan, pengamatan kinerja, dan pengukuran sikap.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 378,
"width": 313,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata-kata kunci : Implementasi Kurikulum 2013, Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 418,
"width": 361,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "IMPLEMENTATION CURRICULUM 2013 IN SAINTIFIC AND TEMATIC INTEGRATIF LEARNING IN JUNIORS’ SCHOOL BANJARMASIN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 244,
"top": 477,
"width": 107,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hamsi Mansur 1 ; Mastur 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 502,
"width": 299,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Departement of Educational Technology, Lambung Mangkurat University Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 281,
"top": 537,
"width": 37,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 548,
"width": 428,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This research aims to describe: (a) the planning of learning, (b) the implementation of learning, (c) the implementation of the assessment, and (d) supporting the implementation of an inhibitor factor and learning in order to implemented Curriculum 2013 in Juniors’ School Banjarmasin. This research uses descriptive qualitative approach. The subject of this research is the personnel with regard to the implementation of the curriculum 2013 learning in implementation Juniors’ School Banjarmasin, which consists of the principal, vice principal of curriculum, teachers, and students. Data collection was done through participating observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The research results reveal the 3 findings. First, the planning of learning done by translating Curriculum 2013 ideas and concepts first, then RPP developed in detail of a particular theme or subject matter which refers to the standard content and syllabus. Second, the implementation of the study carried out using the scientific approach. Third, an assessment of the results of learning by teachers is carried out using a test and non-test in the form of written and oral observations, measurements, and performance demeanor.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 698,
"width": 290,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords : Implementation Curriculum 2013, Implementation Learning",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 274,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Komunikasi Pendidikan, Vol2 No1, Januari 2018",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 422,
"top": 38,
"width": 92,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P-ISSN 2549-1725 E-ISSN 2549-4163",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 781,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "32",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 88,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 106,
"width": 202,
"height": 333,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengembangan Kurikulum 2013 sangat erat berkaitan dengan kurikulum sebelumnya, yaitu kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP). Kurikulum yang menggunakan pendekatan terpusat pada bidang studi ( subject-centered curriculum ) ini sejak 2006 telah diterapkan di sekolah- sekolah seluruh Indonesia. Karakteristik daripada KTSP ialah memilah struktur kurikulum ke dalam berbagai mata pelajaran yang dipandang perlu untuk peserta didik. Namun saat ini, kurikulum tersebut oleh pemerintah dianggap kurang mampu memenuhi kompetensi yang dibutuhkan untuk abad 21, abad yang dikenal dengan abad ilmu pengetahuan atau knowledge- based society . Kemudian, akhirnya tahun 2013 Pemerintah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 221,
"top": 429,
"width": 65,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mengeluarkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 448,
"width": 201,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Permendikbud Nomor 65 yang isinya perlunya dilakukan perubahan Standar Proses Pendidikan Dasar, Menengah dan Atas, serta juga mengisyaratkan wajibnya dilakukan perubahan sistem pembelajaran dan sistem penilaian sebagai implikasi dari perubahan pada standar proses.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 581,
"width": 201,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tema pembaharuan dan perbaikan pada Kurikulum 2013 yaitu ingin menciptakan manusia Indonesia yang mampu berfikir kreatif, produktif, inovatif, proaktif, dan afektif, melalui pengembangan sikap (tahu mengapa), keterampilan (tahu bagaimana), dan pengetahuan (tahu tentang apa) secara integratif. Pengintegrasian ini merupakan salah satu upaya memperbaiki peringkat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 87,
"width": 202,
"height": 314,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesia dalam studi TIMSS ( Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study ) dan Program for International Student Assessment (PISA). Dimana, hasil studi TIMSS dan PISA pada 2011 peserta didik kita hanya mampu sampai level 3 dari 6 (enam) level kemampuan kognitif yang berkaitan dengan kemampuan berpikir tinggi (berpikir kritis, berpikir kreatif, analitis, sistematis dan logis untuk menemukan alternatif pemecahan masalah melalui eksplorasi data secara empiris dalam rangka menumbuhkan sikap ilmiah) semakin membaik dan meningkat. Begitupun juga kemampuan siswa Indonesia dalam memahami informasi yang kompleks, pemecahan masalah, pemakaian alat,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 410,
"width": 201,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "prosedur, pemecahan masalah dan melakukan investigasi berada pada tingkat yang rendah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 467,
"width": 202,
"height": 276,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selain proses pembelajaran, sistem penilaian pun juga dikembangkan. Sistem penilaian pada Kurikulum 2013 diatur dalam Permendikbud Nomor 66 Tahun 2013, yang dimana guru dan satuan pendidikan diwajibkan mengevaluasi hasil belajar siswa secara komprehensif, menyeluruh, komplek, dan valid. Salah satu alat ukur yang digunakan ialah menggunakan penilaian autentik. Penilaian autentik yaitu penilaian yang melibatkan siswa di dalam tugas-tugas autentik yang bermanfaat, penting dan bermakna yang selanjutnya dapat dikatakan sebagai penilaian performa (Abidin, 2013, p.81). Atau dalam definisi yang lain",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 274,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Komunikasi Pendidikan, Vol2 No1, Januari 2018",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 422,
"top": 38,
"width": 92,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P-ISSN 2549-1725 E-ISSN 2549-4163",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 781,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "33",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 87,
"width": 201,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "disebutkan bahwa, penilaian autentik adalah kegiatan menilai peserta didik yang menekankan pada apa yang seharusnya dinilai, baik proses maupun hasil dengan berbagai instrument penilaian yang disesuaikan dengan tuntutan kompetensi yang ada di standar kompetensi (SK) atau kompetensi inti (KI) dan kompetensi dasar (KD) (Kunandar, 2013, p.35).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 258,
"width": 201,
"height": 295,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perubahan lain dalam Kurikulum 2013 terdapat pada elemen standar isi. Kurikulum 2013 menghapus istilah Standar Kompetensi mata pelajaran yang sebelumnya digunakan dalam KTSP, dan diganti dengan istilah Kompetensi Inti. Mata pelajaran tidak lagi disajikan secara terpisah, akan tetapi terintegrasi dalam bentuk tema (SD dan SMP). Untuk itulah kenapa kemudian Kurikulum 2013 ini dapat dikatakan sebagai integrated curriculum . Yang dimaksud integrated curriculum ialah meniadakan batas-batas antara berbagai mata pelajaran dan menyajikan bahan pelajaran dalam bentuk unit atau keseluruhan (Nasution, 2003, p.196).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 562,
"width": 202,
"height": 181,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sehubungan dengan perubahan pendekatan pembelajaran dan penilaian di atas, implementasi Kurikulum 2013 tentunya tidak mudah. Penyempurnaan kurikulum yang dibarengi dengan perubahan struktur mata pelajaran, perubahan sistem pembelajaran, dan perubahan sistem penilaian selalu berhubungan dengan berbagai aspek dalam sistem pendidikan. Guru, kepala sekolah, waktu, sumber",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 87,
"width": 201,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "belajar, dan sarana prasarana sekolah merupakan unsur yang berkaitan langsung dengan penerapan Kurikulum 2013. Jika perubahan kurikulum tidak dibarengi dengan perbaikan sarana prasarana, akses sumber belajar yang mudah dan berkualitas, dan peningkatan kompetensi serta perubahan mindset guru, maka upaya peningkatan mutu pendidikan hanya sia-sia belaka.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 258,
"width": 204,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebagaimana dijelaskan Anita Lie (2012) bahwa keberhasilan suatu kurikulum merupakan proses panjang, mulai dari kristalisasi berbagai gagasan dan konsep ideal tentang pendidikan, perumusan desain kurikulum, serta sarana dan prasarana, tata kelola pelaksanaan kurikulum, termasuk pembelajaran, penilaian pembelajaran, dan persiapan pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 429,
"width": 202,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kemudian pertanyaannya sekarang, dengan perubahan dan perbaikan pada kegiatan pembelajaran dan penilaian tersebut, apakah pelaksanaan Kurikulum 2013 di SD berjalan dengan baik? Tidak kah ada kesulitan atau kendala bagi guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran saintifik, tematik integratif, dan penilaian autentik? Sudah layak kah SDN Se-Kota Banjarmasin dijadikan prototipe implementasi Kurikulum 2013?",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 638,
"width": 202,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berangkat dari pertanyaan di atas, kiranya sangat menarik apabila dikaji secara mendalam perihal pelaksanaan pembelajaran saintifik, penilaian autentik dan mengetahui problematika dalam penerapan Kurikulum 2013 di SDN Se-Kota Banjarmasin. Oleh",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 274,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Komunikasi Pendidikan, Vol2 No1, Januari 2018",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 422,
"top": 38,
"width": 92,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P-ISSN 2549-1725 E-ISSN 2549-4163",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 781,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "34",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 87,
"width": 201,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "karenanya dalam penyusunan tesis ini penulis mengangkat judul “ Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 dalam Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran di SDN Se-Kota Banjarmasin ”.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 201,
"width": 123,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 220,
"width": 201,
"height": 352,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain kualitatif. Menurut Sukmadinata (2012: 72), penelitian deskriptif adalah penelitian yang berusaha mendeskripsikan fenomena yang ada, baik fenomena yang bersifat alamiah atau rekayasa manusia. Sedangkan kualitatif merupakan penelitian yang menghasilkan teori yang timbul dari data bukan hipotesis. Penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang dimaksud adalah dengan menghimpun data atau informasi sebanyak-banyaknya, bersifat deskriptif, lebih mementingkan proses daripada hasil, membatasi studi dengan fokus, memiliki seperangkat kriteria untuk memeriksa keabsahan data, rancangan penelitiannya bersifat sementara dan hasil penelitiannya disepakati oleh kedua pihak, baik oleh peneliti dan subjek penelitian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 581,
"width": 201,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemilihan pendekatan penelitian ini didasarkan atas pertimbangan bahwa data yang hendak dicari adalah data yang menggambarkan implementasi Kurikulum 2013 untuk tataran tingkat sekolah kemudian diperdalam pada implementasi kurikulum tingkat kelas yaitu pada pelaksanaan pembelajaraannya yang dimulai dari proses perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan penilaian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 87,
"width": 201,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "hasil belajar di SD N se Banjarmasin. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SDN Se-Kota Banjarmasin. Sedangkan waktu penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Agustus 2015 (untuk pra-survei) dan dari bulan September 2015 (penelitian) dan berlangsung hingga titik keajegan pada bulan Desember 2015.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 220,
"width": 202,
"height": 409,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam Penelitian ini yang menjadi subjek penelitian adalah personel yang berkaitan dengan implementasi Kurikulum 2013 dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran di SDN Se-Kota Banjarmasin antara lain: Kepala Sekolah, Waka Kurikulum, Fasilitator dan Pendamping Kurikulum 2013. Masing-masing 3 orang Guru Matematika, IPA, IPS, dan Bahasa Indonesia yang jumlahnya secara keseluruhan 12 orang Guru Pata Pelajaran. Kemudian, terdapat 12 siswa yang berhasil dimintai keterangan antara lain: 4 orang kelas VII, 4 orang kelas VIII, dan 4 orang siswa kelas IX. Sedangkan objek penelitian ini adalah Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran di SDN Se-Kota Banjarmasin. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang dijadikan objek adalah kegiatan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan penilaian hasil belajar siswa yang merupakan satu kesatuan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 638,
"width": 202,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam suatu penelitian diperlukan adanya suatu data sebagai hasil akhir dari penelitian. Untuk pengumpulan data yang kongkrit penulis melaksanakan beberapa teknik dan instrument pengumpulan data sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 274,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Komunikasi Pendidikan, Vol2 No1, Januari 2018",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 422,
"top": 38,
"width": 92,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P-ISSN 2549-1725 E-ISSN 2549-4163",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 781,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "35",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 87,
"width": 201,
"height": 257,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pertama , dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data observasi partisipasi pasif dimana peneliti datang ke tempat kegiatan, namun tidak ikut terlibat di dalamnya. Observasi yang dilakukan pada saat proses pembelajaran berlangsung meliputi kegiatan kegiatan pra- instruksional sampai kegiatan penutup. Peneliti juga melakukan observasi terhadap teknik penilaian yang digunakan oleh guru, serta kemungkinan hambatan dan upaya yang dilakukan oleh guru untuk mengatasi hambatan yang ditemui saat proses pembelajaran berlangsung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 254,
"top": 334,
"width": 32,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 353,
"width": 201,
"height": 143,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "melakukan observasi, peneliti dilengkapi lembar observasi. Lembar observasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu; observasi guru mengenai perencanaan pembelajaran, pelaksanaan pembelajaran, dan penilaian hasil belajar siswa serta dilengkapi dengan pedoman observasi kegiatan siswa dalam pembelajaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 505,
"width": 86,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kedua , selain",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 222,
"top": 505,
"width": 65,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menggunakan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 524,
"width": 202,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "observasi, peneliti juga menggunakan wawancara. Teknik wawancara yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 562,
"width": 202,
"height": 181,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara semi terstruktur. Jenis wawancara ini tergolong dalam kategori in-dept interview , yaitu dalam pelaksanaannya lebih bebas bila dibandingkan dengan wawancara terstruktur. Sebelum melakukan kegiatan wawancara, terlebih dahulu peneliti membuat pedoman wawancara dengan tujuan agar proses tetap terfokus dan tidak keluar dari kontek yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 87,
"width": 201,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menjadi tujuan utama peneliti. Informan yang dipilih oleh peneliti dalam penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, waka kurikulum, pendamping Kurikulum 2013, guru, dan siswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 182,
"width": 202,
"height": 276,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ketiga , studi dokumentasi. Studi dokumentasi digunakan untuk melengkapi penggunaan metode observasi dan wawancara dalam penelitian deskriptif. Studi dokumentasi dalam penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperoleh data mengenai perencanaan pembelajaran, pelaksanaan pembelajaran, dan penilaian hasil belajar siswa. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti mendokumentasikan proses pembelajaran saintifik di kelas 7, 8 dan 9. Kemudian juga, peneliti mengambil dokumen-dokumen yang berupa profil sekolah, rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran (RPP), instrument penilaian, daftar nilai dengan teknik penilaian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 467,
"width": 202,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kurikulum 2013, dan laporan tahuan sekolah untuk memperoleh data dokumentasi. Pengujian keabsahan data dilakukan dengan cara",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 543,
"width": 202,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ketekunan/keajegan pengamatan, trianggulasi data dan auditing atau pemeriksaan data. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, maka langkah-langkah yang ditempuh dalam pengujian keabsahan data sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 657,
"width": 201,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pertama , ketekunan pengamatan bermaksud menemukan ciri-ciri dan unsur- unsur dalam situasi yang sangat releven dengan persoalan atau isu yang sedang dicari dan kemudian memusatkan diri pada",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 274,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Komunikasi Pendidikan, Vol2 No1, Januari 2018",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 422,
"top": 38,
"width": 92,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P-ISSN 2549-1725 E-ISSN 2549-4163",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 781,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "36",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 87,
"width": 202,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "hal-hal tersebut secara rinci. Keajegan pengamatan diupayakan mencari secara konsisten interpretasi dengan berbagai cara dalam kaitan dengan proses analisis yang konstan dan tentatif, dengan cara mencari konsistensi apa yang dapat diperhitungkan dengan apa yang tidak dapat, agar data betul-betul valid, akurat, dan bisa dipertanggungjawabkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 258,
"width": 202,
"height": 390,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kedua , triangulasi data yaitu memeriksa keabsahan data melaui sumber, teknik dan teori. Triangulasi sumber memungkinkan peneliti melakukan pengecekan ulang dan melengkapi informasi dengan sumber-sumber lainn. Triangulasi sumber dalam penelitian ini dilakukan antara kepala sekolah, guru, dan siswa. Triangulasi teknik prosesnya dengan menguji kredibilitas data yang dilakukan dengan cara mengecek data kepada sumber yang sama namun dengan teknik yang berbeda. Data yang diperoleh dengan wawancara, kemudian dicek dengan data yang diperoleh dari observasi, dan dokumentasi. Triangulasi teknik yang digunakan oleh peneliti dalam penelitian ini adalah antara observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Triangulasi dengan teori digunakan untuk mempertajam analisis penelitian dengan memeriksa derajat kepercayaan data.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 667,
"width": 145,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 686,
"width": 201,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proses penelitian di lapangan yang tidak terlalu berjalan dengan mulus dan tidak mudah karena berbagai faktor, telah sampai pada proses akhir yaitu penyajian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 87,
"width": 202,
"height": 428,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "data. Data-data di bawah ini merupakan sekumpulan data yang diperoleh dari hasil pengamatan, observasi, wawancara dan telaah dokumen. Data-data di bawah ini tentunya sudah melalui berbagai rangkain kaidah penelitian seperti, ketekunan, keajegan pengamatan, trianggulasi data, dan auditing. Langkah-langkah tersebut kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis data dengan menyeleksi, menentukan fokus, menyederhanakan dan mentransformasikan data yang muncul pada catatan lapangan. Beberapa poin penting yang dianalisis ialah pada perencanaan pembelajaran, pelaksanaan pembelajaran, penilaian hasil belajar, dan hambatan serta kendala dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Untuk itu, berikut hasil data-data implemintasi kurikulum 2013 di SD N se Banjarmasin dalam pembelajaran setelah melalui serangkaian proses analisis tersebut. Dalam hal perencanaan pembelajaran, data-data yang diperoleh adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 524,
"width": 202,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pertama , semua guru di SDN Se-Kota Banjarmasin menyusun RPP untuk mata pelajaran yang diampunya. Pengembangan RPP dikembangkan atau disusun di setiap awal semester atau awal tahun pelajaran. Hal ini ditujukan agar agar RPP (rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran) telah tersedia terlebih dahulu dalam setiap awal pelaksanaan pembelajaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 695,
"width": 201,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kedua , pengembangan RPP oleh guru SDN Se-Kota Banjarmasin dilakukan secara mandiri dan secara bersama-sama melalui",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 274,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Komunikasi Pendidikan, Vol2 No1, Januari 2018",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 422,
"top": 38,
"width": 92,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P-ISSN 2549-1725 E-ISSN 2549-4163",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 781,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "37",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 87,
"width": 201,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kelompok kerja guru (gugus). Di antara kegiatan penyusunan RPP yang dilakukan bersama musyawarah guru mata pelajaran antara lain; kegiatan pengkajian silabus dengan mengkaji KI dan KD, mengkaji materi pembelajaran, mengkaji proses pembelajaran,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 201,
"width": 44,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mengkaji",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 201,
"width": 201,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "penilaian pembelajaran, mengkaji alokasi waktu, dan mengkaji sumber belajar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 258,
"width": 201,
"height": 295,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ketiga , berbagai persoalan keterlambatan pendistribusian buku pegangan guru dan buku pegangan siswa serta persoalan kesalahan konsep dan kedangkalan materi kurikulum 2013 menjadikan buku K-13 bukan sebagai sumber rujukan utama dalam proses pembelajaran di dalam kelas. Kemudian untuk mengembangkan materi pelajaran, guru-guru bersama siswa mengembangkan materi pelajaran selain dari buku teks pelajaran dan buku panduan guru juga dikembangkan dari sumber Internet, alam sekitar, ahli/professional, dan berbagai sumber belajar yang lainnya (museum, ritel, dan tempat-tempat bersejarah).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 562,
"width": 202,
"height": 181,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keempat , RPP yang dibuat mengedepankan perencanaan pembelajaran yang nantinya dalam proses belajar mengajar akan mendorong partisipasi aktif siswa. RPP yang dibuat selalu berusaha agar tidak menyimpang dari tujuan Kurikulum 2013 yaitu dengan menggunakan pendekatan saintifik. Proses pembelajaran dilakukan bertujuan untuk menghasilkan siswa yang mandiri dan tidak berhenti",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 87,
"width": 202,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "belajar, proses pembelajaran yang berpusat pada siswa ( student centered ) sehingga dapat mengembangkan motivasi, minat, rasa ingin tahu ( curiousity ), kreativitas, inisiatif, inspirasi, kemandirian, semangat belajar, keterampilan belajar dan kebiasaan belajar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 201,
"width": 201,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kelima, di dalam menentukan alokasi waktu untuk setiap KD didasarkan pada jumlah minggu efektif dan alokasi waktu mata pelajaran setiap minggu yang tersedia dengan tetap mempertimbangkan jumlah KD, keluasan, kedalaman, tingkat kesulitan, dan tingkat kepentingan KD. Alokasi waktu yang dirinci dalam RPP mengacu pada yang dituliskan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 372,
"width": 202,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keenam , guru-guru SDN Se-Kota Banjarmasin mengembangkan sendiri penilaian pembelajaran dengan menentukan lingkup, teknik, dan instrument penilaian. Selain itu juga, guru-guru dengan sendirinya mengembangkan pedoman penskoran yang akan digunakan menilai hasil belajar siswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 505,
"width": 201,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ketujuh, pengembangan RPP di SDN Se-Kota Banjarmasin tidak pakem. Guru- guru diberikan kebebasan berkreasi sesuai dengan ide dan kreatifitasnya. Kepala sekolah menyarankan untuk mengambil semangat implemintas kurikulum 2013 daripada guru-guru disibukkan menyiapkan perangkat pembelajaran dan penilaian yang dianggap terlalu administratif dan menyita banyak waktu guru-guru. Dalam prosesnya, Kepala sekolah SDN Se-Kota Banjarmasin lebih mengutamakan kualitas pelaksanaan dan hasil daripada kualitas perencanaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 274,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Komunikasi Pendidikan, Vol2 No1, Januari 2018",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 422,
"top": 38,
"width": 92,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P-ISSN 2549-1725 E-ISSN 2549-4163",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 781,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "38",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 87,
"width": 199,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam hal pelaksanaan pembelajaran, data- data yang diperoleh adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 125,
"width": 201,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pertama , guru memfasilitasi siswa memunculkan gagasan baru. Dari beberapa kegiatan yang teramati di lapangan, tampak usaha-usaha yang dilakukan guru menfasilitasi siswa agar berani memunculkan gagasan baru. Misalnya, salah satu usaha yang dilakukan dengan mengajak siswa melakukan observasi di luar lingkungan sekolah dan memberikan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 296,
"width": 201,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "keleluasaan kepada siswa dalam mengembangkan sumber belajar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 334,
"width": 201,
"height": 257,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kedua , guru menyampaikan materi dengan mudah difahami, menarik, dan menyenangkan. Meskipun tidak secara keseluruhan, dari hasil pengamatan ditemukan banyak guru SDN Se-Kota Banjarmasin yang mengusahakan sebuah kegiatan pembelajaran yang menarik, menyenangkan, dan mudah difahami. Usaha ini tampak dari upaya guru dalam memberikan memotivasi selama kegiatan pembelajaran. Dari hasil pengamatan peneliti, guru selalu menggunakan kata-kata motivasi untuk menambah semangat dan etos belajar siswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 600,
"width": 201,
"height": 143,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ketiga , Guru menggunakan beragam strategi pembelajaran. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan kepala sekolah SDN Se- Kota Banjarmasin, sekolah memberikan kesempatan seluas-luasnya kepada guru untuk mengembangkan strategi pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan karakteristik masing-masing mata pelajaran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 87,
"width": 202,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "yang mereka ajarkan. Sekolah tidak membatasi guru menggunakan strategi tertentu. Sebab dengan menggunakan pendekatan saintifik, tentunya guru sudah memahami strategi pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan pendekatan tersebut (15/12/2015).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 220,
"width": 202,
"height": 352,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari hasil pengamatan peneliti di dalam kelas, dan juga berdasarkan dokumen RPP yang dirancang dan dirumuskan ada banyak strategi yang digunakan oleh guru. Beberapa strategi tersebut diantaranya ialah projek base learning, pembelajaran kontekstual, dan pembelajaran koperatif . Pada kesempatan yang lain, wawancara dilakukan dengan waka kurikulum. Dalam sebuah wawancaranya dinyatakan bahwa, untuk menentukan strategi pembelajaran, sekolah memberikan wewenang penuh pada guru dalam menentukan strategi pembelajaran yang mereka gunakan dalam pembelajaran. Sekolah hanya mengatur waktu/memberikan waktu kepada guru dalam proses pembelajaran, namun dalam praktiknya di kelas, guru diberikan kebebasan penuh.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 581,
"width": 202,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keempat , guru menggunakan beragam media pembelajaran. Penggunaan media pembelajaran tampak dari kegiatan-kegiatan pembelajaran di atas. Beberapa diantaranya seperti pada kegiatan pendahuluan, siswa mengamati, mengumpulkan informasi, dan kegiatan siswa dalam mengkomunikasikan hasil belajarnya. Penggunaan media pembelajaran dalam setiap kegiatan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 274,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Komunikasi Pendidikan, Vol2 No1, Januari 2018",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 422,
"top": 38,
"width": 92,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P-ISSN 2549-1725 E-ISSN 2549-4163",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 781,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "39",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 87,
"width": 201,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pembelajaran di SDN Se-Kota Banjarmasin menjadi sebuah keharusan bagi guru-guru. Meskipun terkadang dalam kondisi tertentu dari hasil pengamatan peneliti, masih terdapat guru yang minimalis dalam memanfaatkan media pembelajaran,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 201,
"width": 201,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "misalnya hanya berupa papan tulis dan alat peraga sederhana lainnya. Akan tetapi, hal ini persentasenya lebih sedikit daripada guru yang memanfaatkan media.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 277,
"width": 201,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kelima , guru menggunakan beragam sumber belajar lain. Dari hasil pengamatan peneliti untuk beberapa kegiatan pembelajaran yang diamati, tampak proses pembelajaran tidak lagi bergantung pada guru sebagai sumber utama atau sumber tunggal dalam kegiatan pembelajaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 410,
"width": 201,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proses pembelajaran tidak lagi berbentuk proses komunikasi verbal antara guru dan siswa. Siswa diberikan kesempatan menjadi sumber belajar untuk kegiatan pembelajaran di dalam kelas. Hal ini tampak ketika guru mengarahkan dan menganjurkan agar siswa menggali referensi materi pelajaran dari berbagai sumber, mulai dari buku teks pelajaran, sumber online, hingga memperoleh langsung dari ahlinya/ maestro- nya .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 619,
"width": 201,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari beberapa sumber yang diperoleh, siswa diarahkan dan dimotivasi agar berani menyampaikan temuan-temuannya baik di depan kelas maupun ditengah-tengah temannya. Misalnya guru memberikan tugas individu mempresentasikan sebuah makalah berkaitan dengan materi yang akan dipelajari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 87,
"width": 201,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "atau membuat diskusi kelompok dengan menghadirkan berbagai sumber sebagai dasar bahan diskusi. Kondisi seperti ini, serinkali teramati oleh peneliti dalam kegiatan observasi atau pengamatan di dalam kelas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 201,
"width": 202,
"height": 352,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keenam , guru memfasilitasi peserta didik untuk memperoleh pengalaman yang bermakna. Ada beberapa upaya guru agar siswa tidak hanya tahu hal-hal yang bersifat abstrak. Beberapa diantara upaya itu ialah; 1) melibatkan peserta didik mencari informasi yang luas dan dalam tentang topik/tema materi yang akan dipelajari, 2) menggunakan pendekatan pembelajaran saintifik, 3) menghadirkan beragam media pembelajaran dan sumber belajar lain, 4) memfasilitasi terjadinya interaksi antar peserta didik serta antara peserta didik dengan guru, lingkungan, dan sumber belajar lainnya, 5) melibatkan peserta didik secara aktif dalam setiap kegiatan pembelajaran, 6) memfasilitasi peserta didik melakukan percobaan di laboratorium, studio, dan lapangan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 562,
"width": 202,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jika mengacu pada Permendikbud Nomor 66 Tahun 2013 beserta turunannya tersebut, maka dapat dikatakan guru-guru",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 619,
"width": 82,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SDN Se-Kota",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 619,
"width": 201,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Banjarmasin telah melaksanakan dan mengimplementasikan penilaian hasil belajar Kurikulum 2013. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya kesusaian antara teknik dan instrumen penilaian yang dilakukan guru dengan format penilaian yang ada pada Kurikulum 2013. Penilaian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 274,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Komunikasi Pendidikan, Vol2 No1, Januari 2018",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 422,
"top": 38,
"width": 92,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P-ISSN 2549-1725 E-ISSN 2549-4163",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 781,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "40",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 87,
"width": 199,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "hasil belajar dalam yang dilakukan guru-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 106,
"width": 202,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "guru SDN Se-Kota Banjarmasin dilaksanakan dalam bentuk penilaian autentik dan penilaian non-autentik, tetapi pendekatan utama dalam penilaian hasil belajar oleh pendidik adalah penilaian komprehensif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 239,
"width": 145,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 258,
"width": 201,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan pemaparan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan di atas, maka dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 315,
"width": 201,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pertama , perencanaan pembelajaran diawali dengan mengkaji Silabus dan merumuskan Indikator. RPP dikembangkan dari silabus untuk mengarahkan kegiatan pembelajaran peserta didik dalam upaya mencapai Kompetensi Dasar (KD).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 429,
"width": 202,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penyusunan RPP dan instrumen penilaian dianggap terlalu administratif dan membutuhkan waktu yang banyak, sehingga bisa menghambat penyusunan materi dan strategi pembelajaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 524,
"width": 202,
"height": 219,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kedua , pelaksanaan pembelajaran dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan pendekatan ilmiah (saintifik). Langkah- langkah dalam proses pembelajaran meliputi menggali informasi melaui pengamatan, bertanya, percobaan, kemudian mengolah data atau informasi, menyajikan data atau informasi, dilanjutkan dengan menganalisis, menalar, kemudian menyimpulkan, dan mencipta. Dalam prosesnya, pendekatan ini selain membutuhkan waktu yang banyak, juga dianggap kurang cocok diterapkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 87,
"width": 201,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "untuk mata pelajaran matematika secara sintak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 125,
"width": 201,
"height": 219,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ketiga , penilaian hasil belajar oleh guru dilakukan dengan menggunakan tes dan nontes dalam bentuk tertulis maupun lisan, pengamatan kinerja, pengukuran sikap, penilaian hasil karya berupa tugas, projek, penggunaan portofolio, dan penilaian diri. Pada proses pelaksanaannya format penilaian ini dianggap terlalu banyak dalam penggunaan waktu. Sehingga, alokasi waktu dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran menjadi kurang efektif karena harus berbagi dengan waktu penilaian peserta didik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 353,
"width": 202,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Secara umum implementasi Kurikulum 2013 di sekolah ini sudah berjalan sesuai dengan harapan. Hal ini tanpak dari pelaksanaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 398,
"top": 410,
"width": 62,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pembelajaran",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 489,
"top": 410,
"width": 24,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 429,
"width": 202,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menggunakan pendekatan saintifik dan penilaian hasil pembelajaran dengan menggunakan penilaian autentik. Namun demikian ada beberapa aspek yang perlu dikembangkan menjadi lebih baik lagi. Oleh karena itu peneliti sarankan agar SDN Se- Kota Banjarmasin tetap berinovasi dan mengembangkan diri dengan terus meningkatkan mutu sekolah lebih baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 613,
"width": 104,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 639,
"width": 202,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abidin, Y. (2013). Desain sistem pembelajaran dalam konteks Kurikulum 2013. Bandung: Rafika Aditama. Fadlillah, M. (2014). Implementasi kurikulum 2013 dalam pembelajaran SD/MI,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 696,
"width": 177,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SMP/MTs,& SMA/MA . Yogyakarta: Ar-",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 708,
"width": 54,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ruzz Media.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 719,
"width": 201,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keyes, G. (2010). Teaching the scientific method in the social sciences . Journal of Effective Teaching , 2, 220-232.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 38,
"width": 274,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Komunikasi Pendidikan, Vol2 No1, Januari 2018",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 422,
"top": 38,
"width": 92,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P-ISSN 2549-1725 E-ISSN 2549-4163",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 499,
"top": 781,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "41",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 87,
"width": 201,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nasution, S. (2003). Asas-asas kuriklum . Jakarta. Bumi Aksara. Sukmadinata, N.S. (2012). Metode penelitian pendidikan . Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
f8b78463-e28d-48cc-1bf0-5912266f7a19 | https://jurnal.unimed.ac.id/2012/index.php/jgkp/article/download/36590/18935 | [
{
"left": 114,
"top": 763,
"width": 397,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Ipa Pada Tema Panas Dan Perpindahannya Melalui Model Pembelajaran Take And Giv. (Hl. 309324) 309",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 88,
"width": 389,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA PADA TEMA PANAS DAN PERPINDAHANNYA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TAKE AND GIVE DI KELAS V SD NEGERI REUDEUP KABUPATEN ACEH BARAT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 159,
"width": 395,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yusransal 1 , Agustina 2 , Mulya Arifah 3 , Nurliana 4 , Anwar Kurniawan 5 , Navi Ismail 6 , Aniruddin 7 , Teuku Salfiyadi 8",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 200,
"width": 399,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Guru SDN Reudeup 1 , Guru SDN Reudeup 2 , Guru SDN Suak Pandan 3 , Guru SMKN 1 Gandapura 4 , Kasi GTK Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Aceh Barat 5 , Guru SDN Ujong Tanjong 6 , Dosen Universitas Al-Muslim Bireuen Aceh 7 , Dosen Poltekes Kemenkes Aceh 8 email : [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 262,
"width": 399,
"height": 193,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract: Improving Science Learning Outcomes on the Theme of Heat and Its Transfer through the Take And Give Learning Model in Class V Elementary School Reudeup, West Aceh Regency. The low learning outcomes are thought to be due to several factors, namely: (1) teacher-centered learning; (2) Students do not want to ask questions, let alone express opinions, (3) boredom and boredom of students in participating in science lessons; (4) Motivate students to be able to improve learning outcomes; (5) The application of the Take And Give learning model in the teaching and learning process to train students' creativity in the teaching and learning process. This study aims to determine the increase in science learning outcomes on the theme of heat and its transfer through the Take And Give learning model in the fifth grade of SD Negeri Reudeup, West Aceh Regency. The implementation of learning improvements in Classroom Action Research (CAR) was carried out at the Reudeup State Elementary School, Meureubo District, West Aceh Regency, which consisted of 3 stages of action, namely pre-action, cycle I and cycle II. The results showed that in the first cycle there were 14 students or 56% who completed with an average score of 66.4 while in the second cycle there were 21 students (84%) who completed with an average score of 76.4. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the application of the take and give learning model in the heat theme and its transfer science subjects has a positive impact on the learning outcomes of fifth grade students at SD Negeri Reudeup.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 469,
"width": 306,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Improvement, Learning Outcomes, Science, Take And Give",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 495,
"width": 399,
"height": 221,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak: Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Ipa Pada Tema Panas Dan Perpindahannya Melalui Model Pembelajaran Take And Give Di Kelas V Sd Negeri Reudeup Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Rendahnya hasil belajar diduga karena beberapa faktor yaitu : (1) pembelajaran yang masih berpusat pada guru (Teacher centered learning); (2) Siswa tidak mau bertanya apalagi mengemukakan pendapat, (3) kejenuhan dan kebosanan siswa dalam mengikuti pelajaran IPA; (4) Memberi motivasi kepada siswa untuk dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar; (5) Penerapan model pembelajaran Take And Give dalam proses belajar mengajar untuk melatih kreatifitas siswa dalam proses belajar mengajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar IPA pada tema panas dan perpindahannya melalui model pembelajaran Take And Give di kelas V SD Negeri Reudeup Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Pelaksanaan perbaikan pembelajaran dalam Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) ini dilaksanakan di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Reudeup Kecamatan Meureubo Kabupaten Aceh Barat, yang terdiri dari 3 tahap tindakan, yaitu pra tindakan, siklus I dan siklus II. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada siklus I ada 14 siswa atau 56% yang tuntas dengan nilai rata- rata 66,4 sedangkan pada siklus II ada 21 siswa (84%) yang tuntas dengan nilai rata-rata 76,4. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran take and give pada mata pelajaran IPA tema panas dan perpindahannya berdampak positif terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas V SD Negeri Reudeup.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 734,
"width": 268,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci : Peningkatan, Hasil Belajar, IPA, Take And Give",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 763,
"width": 397,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Ipa Pada Tema Panas Dan Perpindahannya Melalui Model Pembelajaran Take And Giv. (Hl. 309324) 310",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 88,
"width": 88,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 103,
"width": 183,
"height": 242,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendidikan tidak lepas dari suatu istilah belajar dan mengajar. Artinya bahwa pendidikan mempunyai keterkaitan antara kedua istilah tersebut. Belajar adalah suatu proses dimana suatu organisme berubah perilakunya sebagai akibat dari pengalaman dan mengajar adalah suatu proses membatu (mencoba membantu) seseorang untuk memperlajari sesuatu (Sagala, 2010: 9). Definisi ini menunjukan bahwa dalam pembelajaran menuntut siswa aktif sedangkan guru hanya membimbing, menunjukan jalan dalam proses belajar mengajar. Kesempatan untuk membuat dan aktif berfikir lebih banyak diberikan kepada siswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 350,
"width": 184,
"height": 257,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mata pelajaran sains di sekolah merupakan salah satu mata pelajaran yang kurang diminati. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah sains banyak mempunyai konsep yang bersifat abstrak sehingga sukar memahaminya. Oleh sebab itu banyak siswa yang langsung saja bekerja dengan hafalan-hafalan tanpa memahami konsep sains itu sendiri. Bila saja konsep-konsep yang bersifat abstrak itu dapat dibuat menjadi nyata sehingga mudah ditangkap oleh panca indera, maka masalahnya akan sangat berbeda. Dalam usaha ke arah itu maka mata pelajaran sains disamping dengan praktikum namun dapat juga diajarkan dengan penggunaan media elektronik (Sulistyorini, 2007: 28).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 612,
"width": 184,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Realitas yang terjadi di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Reudeup diketahui bahwa dalam pembelajaran IPA khususnya pada tema panas dan perpindahannya perilaku siswa yang cenderung hanya mendengar dan mencatat pelajaran yang diberikan guru, proses pembelajaram masih berpusat pada guru ( Teacher centered learning ). Siswa tidak mau bertanya apalagi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 224,
"top": 743,
"width": 72,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mengemukakan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 88,
"width": 183,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pendapat tentang materi yang diberikan. Ditemukan juga banyak siswa yang diam, mengantuk, ada yang keluar masuk kelas dengan alasan mau ke belakang, banyak juga yang berbicara sendiri dengan teman sebangku. Kejenuhan dan kebosanan siswa dalam mengikuti pelajaran IPA tersebut sehingga menyebabkan kurangnya motivasi siswa dalam proses",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 234,
"width": 183,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pembelajaran. Dengan kondisi yang demikian akan membuat siswa merasa bosan dan kurang maksimal dalam menerima pelajaran IPA sehingga akan berdampak pada hasil belajar yang kurang memuaskan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 321,
"width": 183,
"height": 286,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil belajar yang rendah tersebut yang menjadi pertimbangan untuk melakukan pembaharuan dan perubahan dalam pembelajaran. Karena pentingnya pelajaran IPA bagi peserta didik maka guru harus bisa memberikan pengetahuan yang benar-benar mempermudah siswa untuk menangkap pelajaran, salah satunya dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran yang cocok. Take and Give merupakan model pembejaran yang cocok untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Karena model pembelajaran ini menuntut siswa aktif bekerjasama dengan teman pasangannya dalam proses pembelajaran. Dengan model Take and Give siswa akan lebih termotivasi karena siswa akan berperan langsung untuk menyampaikan dan menerima materi dari temannya sendiri.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 612,
"width": 183,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dengan model pembelajaran Take and Give juga akan dapat mengatasi masalah luasnya materi IPA karena dengan metode ini materi akan dibagi-bagi pada tiap sub pokoknya. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini peneliti akan menerapkan model pembelajaran Take and Give . Karena dengan model pembelajaran Take and",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 743,
"width": 183,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Give akan menuntut siswa lebih",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 782,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "311",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 97,
"width": 184,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "berperan aktif dalam proses pembelajaran sehingga suasana belajar akan lebih menyenangkan.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 140,
"width": 184,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan uraian di atas, maka peneliti menyadari pentingnya mengadakan perbaikan pembelajaran IPA dengan mengadakan penelitian dengan judul “ Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPA pada Tema Panas dan Perpindahannya Melalui Model Pembelajaran Take and Give di Kelas V SD Negeri Reudeup Kabupaten Aceh Barat ”.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 300,
"width": 104,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KAJIAN PUSTAKA Model Pembelajaran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 329,
"width": 184,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Model pembelajaran adalah kerangka konseptual yang melukiskan prosedur sistematis dalam mengorganisasikan pengalaman belajar yang digunakan sebagai pedoman untuk",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 402,
"width": 184,
"height": 301,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mencapai kompetensi tertentu. Pada tiap prosedur pembelajaran dapat dipilih berbagai macam metode pembelajaran yang relevan. Metode pembelajaran adalah cara yang digunakan dalam melaksanakan proses pembelajaran. Pada setiap metode pembelajaran dapat dipilih berbagai macam teknik pembelajaran yang relevan. Teknik pembelajaran adalah cara yang sistematis dalam melakukan suatu kegiatan sebagai bagian dari proses pembelajaran (Wardhani, 2008:11). Setiap pelaksanaan kegiatan pembelajaran harus diawali dengan suatu rancangan pembelajaran yang biasanya dibuat dalam bentuk model pembelajaran. Salah satu tujuan dari penggunaan model pembelajaran adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa selama belajar (Wena, 2010: 2).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 708,
"width": 184,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sementara itu Sanjaya (2007: 38) berdasar pengalamannya menyatakan bahwa: ”Tanpa model pembelajaran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 97,
"width": 184,
"height": 300,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "yang nyata, guru seringkali mengembangkan pola pembelajaran yang hanya didasarkan pada pengalaman masa lalu dan intuisinya. Peran guru dalam proses pembelajaran lebih dari mediator dan fasilitator. Kondisi inilah yang sebenarnya menuntut hadirnya model- model pembelajaran aktif dalam mengembangkan kurikulum. Benih- benih pemikiran ini sudah mulai tumbuh dan berkembang bukan hanya di dalam ide, tetapi berwujud di dunia riil. Pemikiran untuk menghadirkan model pembelajaran aktif dengan nusansa baru telah dilaksanakan oleh beberapa pakar pendidikan, yaitu pembelajaran yang dapat menciptakan kegiatan belajar mengajar yang bermutu dan berorientasi kepada keaktifan, kreativitas, dan kemandirian siswa.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 417,
"width": 170,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Model Pembelajaran Take and Give",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 431,
"width": 183,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Telah dijelaskan sebelumnya bahwa model pembelajaran adalah kerangka konseptual yang melukiskan prosedur sistematis dalam mengorganisasikan pengalaman belajar yang digunakan sebagai pedoman untuk mencapai kompetensi tertentu. Salah satu model pembelajaran yang sering dikembangkan dalam pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran adalah model Take and Give .",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 591,
"width": 183,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Model Pembelajaran Take and Give merupakan salah satu strategi pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and learning (CTL). Pembelajaran kontekstual merupakan suatu proses pendidikan yang holistik dan bertujuan membantu siswa untuk memahami makna materi pelajaran yang dipelajarinya dengan mengkaitkan materi tersebut dengan konteks",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 737,
"width": 183,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kehidupan mereka sehari-hari (konteks",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 782,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "312",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 97,
"width": 184,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pribadi, sosial dan kultural), sehingga siswa memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang secara fleksibel dapat diterapkan (ditransfer) dari satu permasalahan/konteks ke permasalahan/konteks lainnya (Hanafiah, 2009: 34). Model Pembelajaran Take and Give pada dasarnya mengacu pada",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 227,
"width": 184,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "konstruktivisme , yaitu pembelajaran yang dapat membuat siswa itu sendiri yang aktif dan membangun pengetahuan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 271,
"width": 181,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "yang akan menjadi miliknya (Slavin,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 286,
"width": 184,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2004: 269). Dalam proses itu siswa mengecek dan menyesuaikan pengetahuan baru yang dipelajari dengan kerangka berpikir yang telah mereka miliki. Menurut Hardini (2012:11) mengajar bukan merupakan kegiatan memindah atau pengetahuan dari guru ke siswa. Peran guru dalam proses pembelajaran Take and Give lebih mengarah sebagai mediator dan fasilitator.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 460,
"width": 92,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil Belajar Pengertian Belajar",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 489,
"width": 183,
"height": 243,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Belajar dianggap sebagai proses perubahan perilaku sebagai akibat dari pengalaman dan latihan. Menurut Sanjaya, (2007: 110) mengungkapkan, belajar itu adalah proses perubahan melalui kegiatan atau prosedur latihan baik latihan di dalam laboraturium maupun dalam lingkungan alamiah dan menurut Gulo, (2008: 73) belajar adalah seperangkat kegiatan, terutama kegiatan mental intelektual, mulai dari kegiatan yang paling sederhana sampai kegiatan yang rumit. Pada tahap pertama, kegiatan ini tampak seperti kegiatan fisik dalam arti kegiatan melihat, mendengar, meraba, dengan alat-alat indera manusia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 97,
"width": 183,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sedangkan menurut Djamarah, (2003: 10) belajar adalah proses perubahan perilaku berkat pengalaman dan latihan. Artinya, tujuan kegiatan adalah perubahan tingkah laku, baik yang menyangkut",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 452,
"top": 169,
"width": 61,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pengetahuan,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 184,
"width": 183,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "keterampilan maupun sikap, bahkan meliputi segenap aspek organisme atau pribadi.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 227,
"width": 183,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari pendapat-pendapat diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa definisi dari belajar adalah usaha yang dilakukan dengan sengaja yang dapat menimbulkan tingkah laku (baik faktual atau nyata, maupun potensial atau tidak tampak) dimana perubahan yang dihasilkan tersebut bersifat positif dan berlaku dalam waktu yang relatif lama",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 373,
"width": 65,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil Belajar",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 387,
"width": 183,
"height": 199,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Haling (2007: 48) mengemukakan bahwa hasil belajar adalah hasil yang dicapai seseorang setelah melakukan kegiatan belajar dan merupakan penilaian yang dicapai seoarang siswa untuk mengetahui sejauh mana bahan pengajaran atau materi yang diajarkan sudah diterima siswa. Menurut Hamalik (2010: 30) “Hasil belajar adalah apabila seseorang telah belajar akan terjadi perubahan tingkah laku pada orang tersebut, misalnya dari tidak tahu menjadi tahu dari tidak mengerti menjadi mengerti.”",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 591,
"width": 183,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Blomm dalam Sudjana (2010: 22), membagi hasil belajar menjadi 3 ranah:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 635,
"width": 155,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Ranah kognitif Berkenaan dengan hasil belajar intelektual yang terdiri dari 6 aspek, yakni pengetahuan atau ingatan, pemahaman, aplikasi, analisis, dan evaluasi. 2. Ranah afektif",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 782,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "313",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 97,
"width": 155,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berkenaan dengan sikap yang terdiri dari 5 aspek, yakni penerima, jawaban atau reaksi, penilaian, organisasi, dan internalisasi. 3. Ranah psikomotor Berkenaan dengan hasil belajar ketrampilan dan kemampuan bertindak.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 227,
"width": 184,
"height": 214,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ketiga ranah yang dikemukakan tersebut bukan merupakan bagian- bagian yang terpisahkan, akan tetapi merupakan satu kesatuan yang saling terkait. Untuk mencapai perubahan yang diharapkan, baik aspek kognitif, afektif maupun psikomotorik perlu memperhatikan sungguh-sungguh terhadap prinsip-prinsip belajar. Dari beberapa definisi di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar adalah tingkat keberhasilan atau hasil yang dicapai seseorang setelah melakukan kegiatan belajar dan merupakan penilaian yang dicapai",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 446,
"width": 183,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "seorang siswa untuk mengetahui sejauh mana bahan pengajaran atau materi yang diajarkan sudah diterima dan dicapai siswa berupa perubahan tingkah laku meliputi ranah kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 548,
"width": 148,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hakikat pembelajaran IPA SD",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 562,
"width": 184,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembelajaran IPA di tingkat SD tidak hanya terdiri dari deretan fakta dan prinsip untuk dihafalkan saja tetapi lebih dari itu merupakan cara memperhatikan gejala alam melalui berbagai pertanyaan. IPA merupakan kumpulan hands-on activities , eksperimen, dan proyek",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 664,
"width": 184,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(program kerja) yang bertujuan untuk menyelidiki keajaiban dunia. Menurut Hardini (2012: 149) Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 722,
"width": 183,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "berhubungan dengan cara mencari tahu tentang alam secara sistematis, sehingga",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 97,
"width": 183,
"height": 402,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "IPA bukan hanya penguasaan kumpulan pengetahuan yang berupa fakta-fakta, konsep-konsep, atau prinsip-prinsip saja tetapi juga merupakan suatu proses penemuan. Proses pembelajarannya menekankan pada pemberian pengalaman langsung untuk mengembangkan kompetensi agar menjelajahi dan memahami alam sekitar secara ilmiah. Proses IPA mengandung cara kerja, sikap, dan cara berpikir. Dalam memecahkan persoalan, seorang ilmuwan berusaha mengambil cara tertentu sebagai usaha memperoleh produk yang diharapkan. Proses yang dilakukan ilmuwan yaitu melakukan berbagai keterampilan ilmiah. Dengan aktivitas ini, akan terbentuk sikap ilmiah. Seseorang yang telah tertanam dalam dirinya sikap ilmiah, maka dalam menghadapi berbagai persoalan dalam kehidupan sehari - hari dapat menyelesaikannya secara ilmiah. Seseorang ketika melihat fenomena atau gejala alam, tidak akan terjerumus dalam ruang takhayul (Sulistyorini. 2007: 12).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 518,
"width": 162,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tema Panas dan Perpindahannya",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 533,
"width": 96,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Kalor dan Suhu",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 548,
"width": 184,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam ilmu pengetahuan alam, untuk menyatakan tingkat panas dinginnya suatu benda atau keadaan digunakan suatu besaran yang disebut suhu atau temperatur. Jadi suhu",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 620,
"width": 183,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(temperatur) adalah besaran yang",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 635,
"width": 183,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menyatakan derajat panas suatu benda. Alat untuk mengukur suhu disebut termometer.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 678,
"width": 183,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Panas (kalor) dan suhu tidaklah sama. Kalor adalah salah satu bentuk energi, yaitu energi panas. Energi panas suatu benda tergantung pada energi gerakan atom dan molekulnya. Jumlah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 782,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "314",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 97,
"width": 183,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "panas dapat diukur dalam kalori. Kalor (panas) adalah salah satu bentuk energi yang berpindah dari satu benda ke benda lain karena perbedaan suhu. Alat untuk mengukur kalor disebut kalorimeter.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 97,
"width": 400,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Jenis-jenis Perpindahan Kalor a. Konduksi adalah proses perpindahan kalor tanpa disertai perpindahan bagian-bagian zat itu. Konduksi umumnya terjadi pada benda padat. Dalam konduksi yang berpindah hanyalah energi saja yaitu berupa panas. Contohnya saat kita mengaduk air teh panas dengan sendok, maka lama kelamaan tangan kita terasa panas dari ujung sendok yang kita pegang. Contoh lainnya ketika kita memanaskan batang besi di atas nyala api, maka kalor/panas akan berpindah dari ujung besi yang dibakar ke ujung besi lain.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 431,
"width": 171,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1. Contoh peristiwa konduksi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 131,
"top": 446,
"width": 382,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Konveksi adalah perpindahan kalor melalui zat penghantar yang disertai dengan perpindahan bagian-bagian zat itu. Pada umumnya zat penghantar yang dipakai berupa zat cair dan gas. Contoh peristiwa konveksi adalah memanaskan air dalam panci hingga mendidih. Contoh lainnya adalah terjadinya angin darat dan angin laut.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 213,
"top": 664,
"width": 170,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2. Contoh peristiwa konveksi",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 131,
"top": 678,
"width": 382,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Radiasi adalah perpindahan kalor tanpa memerlukan zat perantara. Contoh konveksi adalah tubuh terasa hangat ketika dekat den",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 131,
"top": 708,
"width": 382,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "d. gan api unggun yang sedang menyala, perpindahan panas dari cahaya matahari ke bumi , lampu pijar listrik yang sedang menyala.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 782,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "315",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 358,
"width": 215,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 3. Contoh peristiwa radiasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 373,
"width": 141,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Benda Penghantar Panas",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 387,
"width": 378,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Konduktor adalah benda yang dapat menghantarkan panas dengan baik. Contohnya logam berupa besi, baja, alumunium, tembaga, kuningan dan nikel.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 417,
"width": 378,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Isolator adalah benda yang tidak dapat menghantarkan panas. Contohnya kayu, plastik, kain, kertas, kaca dan air.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 461,
"width": 52,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 476,
"width": 183,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setting Penelitian Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian Penelitian ini dilaksanakan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 519,
"width": 184,
"height": 185,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "selama 3 bulan mulai dari bulan Juli sampai dengan September 2021. Tempat penelitian adalah tempat yang digunakan dalam melakukan penelitian untuk memperoleh data yang diinginkan. Penelitian ini bertempat di SD Negeri Reudeup Kecamatan Meureubo Kabupaten Aceh Barat tahun pelajaran 2021/2022, selain itu salah satu tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa pada pelajaran IPA khususnya pada materi panas dan perpindahannya.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 461,
"width": 403,
"height": 273,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Subjek Penelitian Berdasarkan judul penelitian yaitu upaya meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi panas dan perpindahaanya dalam pembelajaran IPA dengan menggunakan model",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 534,
"width": 183,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pembelajaran Take and Give pada kelas V SD Negeri Reudeup Tahun Pelajaran 2021-2022 dengan jumlah siswanya 25 orang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 607,
"width": 65,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber Data",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 621,
"width": 183,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber data dalam penelitian adalah siswa sebagai subjek penelitian. Data yang dikumpulkan dari siswa meliputi data hasil tertulis. Tes tertulis dilaksanakan pada setiap akhir siklus yang terdiri atas materi panas dan perpindahannya. Selain siswa sebagai sumber data dan menggunakan teman",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 782,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "316",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 97,
"width": 184,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sejawat sesama sejurusan atau serumpun. Tehnik Pengumpulan Data Prosedur perbaikan pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan mengacu kepada tahap Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Pelaksanaan perbaikan pembelajaran dilaksanakan di kelas V SD Negeri Reudeup Kecamatan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 242,
"width": 154,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Meureubo Kabupaten Aceh Barat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 257,
"width": 183,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian tindakan kelas terdiri atas rangkaian empat kegiatan yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 97,
"width": 183,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dilakukan dalam siklus berulang. Empat kegiatan utama yang ada pada setiap siklus, yaitu : a) perencanaan ( planning ),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 198,
"top": 140,
"width": 315,
"height": 403,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b) tindakan ( action ), c) pengamatan ( observing ), d) refleksi. Adapun model penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang digambarkan oleh Kemmis dan Mc Taggart dalam Arikunto (2010: 137) adanya empat langkah (dan pengulangannya) yang disajikan dalam bagan berikut ini : Gambar 4. Bagan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 252,
"top": 548,
"width": 119,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Arikunto, dkk. 2010: 137)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 577,
"width": 118,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 591,
"width": 27,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 606,
"width": 93,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil Pra Tindakan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 620,
"width": 184,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pelaksanaaan pembelajaran pra tindakan di kelas SD Negeri Reudeup dilaksanakan pada tanggal 6 September 2021. Pada tahap pra tindakan peneliti melakukan observasi awal dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 693,
"width": 184,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "tujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa jauh",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 708,
"width": 184,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "hasil belajar peserta didik dalam mengikuti pembelajaran IPA di kelas sebelum",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 177,
"top": 737,
"width": 120,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "diterapkannya model",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 577,
"width": 183,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pembelajaran Take and Give. Peneliti mengamati secara langsung proses pembelajaran yang ada dikelas. Pada tahap pra tindakan ini, metode yang digunakan guru adalah metode ceramah dan tanya jawab.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 664,
"width": 183,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode yang digunakan guru tersebut belum mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik dalam pembelajaran. Peserta didik cenderung pasif karena metode tersebut tidak memberikan ruang bagi peserta didik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 186,
"top": 305,
"width": 270,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perencanaan Refleksi Pelaksanaan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 337,
"width": 42,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Siklus I",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 189,
"top": 368,
"width": 277,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengamatan Perencanaan Siklus II Pengamatan Pelaksanaan Refleksi ?",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 782,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "317",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 97,
"width": 183,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "untuk lebih aktif. Kekurangaktifan peserta didik tersebut memberikan efek negatif terhadap hasil belajar mereka. Rata-rata hasil belajar peserta didik cenderung rendah. Hal ini bisa dipahami, karena pelajaran IPA pada sub tema 1 (suhu dan kalor) merupakan materi yang susah dan membutuhkan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 97,
"width": 183,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pemahaman yang lebih. Dengan aktifitas pembelajaran yang monoton, akhirnya peserta didik kurang begitu antusias dalam mengikuti pembelajaran, dan imbasnya hasil belajar mereka rendah. Berikut ini digambarkan data hasil belajar peserta didik tahap pra tindakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 130,
"top": 213,
"width": 366,
"height": 434,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 3. Hasil nilai Siswa Pada Tindakan Awal ( Pretest) No. Nama Nilai Keterangan Tuntas Tidak Tuntas 1 Noviyanti 50 √ 2 Nadirah Maulidia 60 √ 3 Juliani 60 √ 4 Mahammad Riski 40 √ 5 Muhammad Wahyudi 40 √ 6 Ade Marja 50 √ 7 Suriadi 70 √ 8 Putri Humaira 50 √ 9 Mukhtar 50 √ 10 Fitri Handayani 60 √ 11 Ardianti 50 √ 12 Muhammad Mufti 50 √ 13 Rehanul Fadi 70 √ 14 Muhaimin 50 √ 15 Marhamah 60 √ 16 Pilta Laura 30 √ 17 Zahrial Fitri 60 √ 18 M. Basir 70 √ 19 Husni 50 √ 20 Muhammad Abrar 40 √ 21 Fadlul Ramadhan 70 √ 22 Nur aini 60 √ 23 Lusiana 70 √ 24 Nurbaiti 50 √ 25 Arma Fardi 70 √ Jumlah 1380 6 19",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 666,
"width": 137,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nilai rata-rata = = 55,2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 696,
"width": 162,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: Data diolah Tahun 2021",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 711,
"width": 400,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari hasil tes pada pra tindakan diatas maka diperoleh jumlah nilai rata-rata secara klasikal adalah 55,2. Persentase dari hasil pretest pada pra tindakan diatas dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut ini:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 210,
"top": 660,
"width": 27,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1380 25",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 782,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "318",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 97,
"width": 392,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 4. Hasil persentase tindakan awal ( pretest ) No Kategori Frekuensi Persentase 1 Tuntas 6 24% 2 Tidak Tuntas 19 768% Jumlah 25 100% Sumber: Data diolah Tahun 2021",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 186,
"width": 400,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil persentase pada tabel 4 diatas apabila disajikan dalam bentuk grafik adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 118,
"top": 419,
"width": 174,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 5. Hasil Persentase ketuntasan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 434,
"width": 183,
"height": 184,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pra tindakan Berdasarkan hasil dari tabel diatas, menunjukkan bahwa tingkat keberhasilan siswa dalam satu kelas adalah 6 orang siswa atau 24% dari 25 peserta tes, sedangkan yang tidak tuntas sebanyak 19 orang atau sebesar 76%, sementara hasil nilai rata-rata siswa dari keseluruhan adalah 55,2. Dari hasil pretest tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan sementara bahwa hasil belajar IPA pada sub tema 1 (suhu dan kalor) oleh siswa SD Negeri Reudeup masih kurang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 623,
"width": 147,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perolehan nilai pada kegiatan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 637,
"width": 184,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pretes ini kaitannya dengan tingkah laku siswa selama proses mengajar berlangsung. Sebagian besar siswa tidak memperhatikan materi yang",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 695,
"width": 183,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "disampaikan guru. Ada siswa yang mengobrol dengan teman sebangku,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 725,
"width": 183,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "bahkan ada siswa yang mengantuk. Siswa yang sebelumnya memperhatikan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 419,
"width": 183,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "materi yang disampaikan oleh guru menjadi terganggu, sehingga suasana kelas kurang kondusif dan proses belajar mengajar menjadi terganggu dan untuk membenahi permasalahan- permasalahan tersebut, guru harus lebih kreatif untuk memakai media, model pembelajaran yang lainnya, agar suasana pembelajaran bisa lebih menarik dan juga menyenangkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 579,
"width": 39,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Siklus I",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 594,
"width": 183,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada siklus I terlihat bahwa kemampuan siswa dalam menyelesai soal-soal yang diberikan oleh guru telah mengalami peningkatan dimana nilai rata-rata siswa seluruhnya mencapai 66,4. Apabila dilihat dari persentasenya siswa yang mencapai nilai ketuntasan belajar ada 14 orang atau 56%, untuk lebih jelasnya dapat dilihat pada grafik berikut",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 141,
"top": 237,
"width": 316,
"height": 165,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "24% 76% 0 20 40 60 80 100 Tuntas Tidak Tuntas Tuntas Tidak Tuntas",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 782,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "319",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 97,
"width": 6,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ":",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 118,
"top": 344,
"width": 174,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 6. Hasil Persentase ketuntasan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 358,
"width": 184,
"height": 185,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada Siklus I Pada siklus I kemampuan siswa dalam menjawab soal-soal pada pelajaran IPA tema panas dan perpindahannya sudah meningkat dibandingkan dengan kondisi awal. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hari persentase ketuntasan sudah ada 14 orang atau 56% siswa yang tuntas, sedangkan yang tidak tuntas ada 11 siswa atau 44% dengan perolehan nilai rata-rata secara klasikal adalah 66,4. Dari hasil pelaksanaan tes pada siklus I diketahaui bahwa pelajaran",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 548,
"width": 184,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "IPA melalui penerapan model",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 562,
"width": 183,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pembelajaran take and give belum optimal dilaksanakan, untuk itu perlu diadakan perbaikan untuk pelaksanaan tindakan selanjutnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 620,
"width": 183,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari hasil pelaksanaan tindakan pada siklus I dapat diketahui bahwa ada peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dari tindakan awal dengan nilai rata-rata 55,2 dan ketuntasan belajar siswa ada 6 siswa atau 24% sedangkan pada siklus I ketuntasan siswa ada 14 siswa atau 56% dengan nilai rata-rata pada siklus I adalah 66,4. Hasil dari pelaksanaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 344,
"width": 183,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "siklus peningkatan belum maksimal perlu dilakukan dalam upaya meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Selanjutnya peneliti mengadakan revisi dan improvisasi sebagai usaha untuk menghindari rasa bosan dan menyenangkan. Hasil Observasi yang dilakukan pada siklus I menggambarkan adanya beberapa kendala dalam penggunaan model",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 489,
"width": 184,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pembelajaran take and give adapun kendala tersebut antara lain:",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 518,
"width": 169,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(a) Siswa masih belum terbiasa menggunakan model pembelajaran model pembelajaran take and give . (b) Siswa masih takut mengajukan pertanyaan yang sekiranya mereka tidak pahami. (c) Pada saat pembelajaran berlangsung masih ada beberapa siswa yang berbicara atau bermain sendiri. Berdasarkan uraian di atas maka",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 693,
"width": 183,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "tujuan yang ingin dicapai dari pembelajaran pada siklus I belum tercapai dan dari kegiatan pembelajaran perlu dianjurkan pada siklus berikutnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 141,
"top": 170,
"width": 324,
"height": 167,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "56% 44% 0 20 40 60 80 100 Tuntas Tidak Tuntas Tuntas Tidak Tuntas",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 782,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "320",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 97,
"width": 184,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selanjutnya peneliti mengadakan revisi dan improvisasi sebagai usaha untuk menghindari rasa bosan dan menyenangkan serta mempertahankan keaktifan siswa. Adapun beberapa revisi dan improvisasi tersebut adalah tetap menggunakan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe take and give dengan pertimbangan dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 242,
"width": 105,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "V SD Negeri Reudeup.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 97,
"width": 43,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Siklus II",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 111,
"width": 183,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada siklus II terlihat bahwa kemampuan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal yang diberikan oleh guru telah mengalami peningkatan dimana nilai rata-rata siswa seluruhnya mencapai 76,4. Apabila dilihat dari persentasenya siswa yang mencapai nilai ketuntasan belajar ada 21 orang atau 84%, untuk lebih jelasnya dapat dilihat pada grafik berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 489,
"width": 184,
"height": 258,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 7. Hasil Persentase ketuntasan Pada Siklus II Pada siklus II kemampuan siswa dalam menjawab soal pada tema panas dan perpindahannya lebih meningkat dibandingkan dengan siklus I. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hari persentase ketuntasan belajar siswa yaitu 84% atau 21 siswa yang sudah tuntas, sedangkan yang tidak tuntas hanya ada 4 siswa atau 16% dengan perolehan nilai rata-rata secara klasikal adalah 76,4. Siswa sudah dapat menyelesaikan soal pada tema panas dan perpindahannya dengan baik, walaupun masih ada siswa yang belum tuntas dalam pelajaran IPA ini, namun indikator dari keberhasilan pada penelitian ini sudah tercapai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 504,
"width": 40,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Siklus II",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 518,
"width": 184,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembelajaran pada siklus II ini difokuskan agar siswa dapat memahami tema panas dan perpindahannya. Aktivitas siswa dan guru pada siklus II ini telah menunjukkan kemajuan. Pada siklus II ini siswa menjadi lebih aktif dalam proses pembelajaran. Kerjasama siswa juga mengalami banyak peningkatan. Dengan model pembelajaran take and give suasana proses pembelajaran pada siklus II tampak lebih semangat dibandingkan dengan siklus I dan hasilnya pun menunjukkan adanya peningkatan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 722,
"width": 183,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Adapun hasilnya dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut ini:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 144,
"top": 304,
"width": 305,
"height": 178,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "84% 16% 0 20 40 60 80 100 Tuntas Tidak Tuntas Tuntas Tidak Tuntas",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 763,
"width": 397,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Ipa Pada Tema Panas Dan Perpindahannya Melalui Model Pembelajaran Take And Giv. (Hl. 309324) 321",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 88,
"width": 391,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 9. Hasil Peningkatan Persentase ketuntasan siswa pada pra tindakan, siklus I dan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 103,
"width": 392,
"height": 118,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Siklus II No Kategori Tuntas Kegiatan Pratindakan Siklus I Siklus II f % f % f % 1 Tuntas > 70 6 24% 14 56% 21 84% 2 Tidak Tuntas < 70 19 76% 11 44% 4 16% 3 Nilai rata-rata 55,2 66,4 76,4 Sumber: Pengolahan Data Tahun 2021",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 225,
"width": 399,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perbandingan hasil persentase ketuntasan pada tabel 4.14 di atas, dapat disajikan dalam bentuk grafik seperti di bawah ini:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 356,
"width": 184,
"height": 185,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 8. Perbandingan hasil penilaian pratindakan, siklus I dan siklus II Berdasarkan hasil tersebut peneliti merasa tidak perlu melanjutkan tindakan pada siklus II karena hasilnya sudah menunjukkan peningkatan yang cukup tajam. Penjelasan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa salah satu teknik yang secara teoritis maupun praktis dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Reudeup pada mata pelajaran IPA tema panas dan perpindahannya. Model pembelajaran",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 545,
"width": 183,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "take and give tersebut merupakan pilihan efektif jika digunakan dalam pembelajaran IPA.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 604,
"width": 69,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembahasan Pra Tindakan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 633,
"width": 184,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada pertemuan awal peneliti melakukan pretest dengan menggunakan metode konvensional yaitu menggunakan metode ceramah dan tanya jawab. Dimana guru menjelaskan, mendikte apa yang ada didalam buku teks sedangkan siswa menulis dan mendengarkan dan pada saat",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 356,
"width": 183,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pembelajaran berlangsung diselingi dengan tanya jawab.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 385,
"width": 183,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Melalui pretest dapat diketaui bahwa pembelajaran konvensional yaitu tanya jawab dan ceramah ternyata tidak menjadikan siswa berperan aktif dalam menerima pelajaran IPA, melainkan siswa pasif dalam menerima pelajaran dikelas yang mengakibatkan prestasi belajar siswa tidak sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Dari pembelajaran yang dilakukan dapat terlihat bahwa siswa tampak kurang bersemangat dalm menerima pelajaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 560,
"width": 155,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada tahap pratindakan siswa",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 575,
"width": 183,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "yang mencapai kategori ketuntasan hanya ada 6 siswa atau 24% sedangkan yang tidak tuntas ada 19 siswa atau 76%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa secara klasikal siswa masih sangat jauh dari kategori ketuntasan. oleh karena itu perlu diadakan perbaikan pembelajaran IPA tema panas dan perpindahannya melalui melalui penerapan model",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 706,
"width": 126,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pembelajaran take and give .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 735,
"width": 36,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Siklus I",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 177,
"top": 257,
"width": 331,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "24% 56% 84% 0 20 40 60 80 100 Pratindakan Siklus I Siklus II Pratindakan Siklus I Siklus II",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 782,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "322",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 97,
"width": 184,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada siklus I dapat diketahui dengan penerapan model pembelajaran take and give yang diterapkan dalam pembelajaran IPA tema panas dan perpindahannya sub tema 2 (perpindahan kalor di sekitar kita). Ternyata menjadikan siswa lebih berperan aktif dalam pembelajaran dan membuat siswa bersemangat dalam menerima pelajaran dibandingkan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 242,
"width": 183,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dengan pertemuan sebelumnya. Hal itu terlihat dari keadaan siswa pada waktu pembelajaran berlangsung tidak ada siswa yang mengantuk, bermain sendiri. Antusiasme siswa sangat terlihat sekali dalam siklus ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 329,
"width": 184,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil tes siswa pada siklus I dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran take and give siswa lebih dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa walaupun masih belum maksimal peningkatannya. Peningkatan hasil persentase ketuntasan siswa pada pratindakan dan silkus I adalah pada pratindakan hanya ada 6 siswa atau 24% siswa yang mencapai ketuntasan,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 475,
"width": 183,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sedangkan pada siklus I persentase ketuntasan ada 14 siswa atau 56% siswa yang tuntas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 518,
"width": 184,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aktivitas siswa pada siklus I sudah baik, walaupun masih ada siswa yang bermain sendiri, melamun dan mengganggu temannya namun suasana belajar pada siklus I sudah kondusif. Siswa masih belum terbiasa dengan model pembelajaran yang diterapkan, sehingga siswa masih bingung dalam menkondisikan diri dalam proses pembelajaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 678,
"width": 184,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Siklus II Pada siklus II peneliti juga masih menggunakan model pembelajaran take and give. Hal ini dirasa cocok penggunaannya dengan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 97,
"width": 183,
"height": 184,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "materi yang diajarkan yaitu mengenai tema panas dan perpindahannya, sub tema 3 (pengaruh kalor terhadap kehidupan). Dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran take and give siswa cepat memahami sendiri mengenai materi tersebut dengan cara mereka berbagi dan share bersama teman- temannya. Hal tersebut dapat membuat siswa mengingat materi pelajaran lebih dalam karena pelajaran yang biasanya didengar saja kini siswa melakukannya (memecahkan masalahnya) sendiri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 286,
"width": 183,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil tes siswa pada siklus II lebih banyak meningkat dibandingkan dengan hasil persentase ketuntasan belajar siswa di siklus I. Peningkatan hasil persentase ketuntasan siswa pada siklus I dan silkus II adalah pada siklus I hanya persentase ketuntasan ada 14 siswa atau 56 % siswa yang tuntas, sedangkan pada siklus II persentase ketuntasan ada 21 siswa atau 84% siswa yang tuntas dan yang tidak tuntas hanya 4 siswa atau 16%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 460,
"width": 183,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada hasil observasi kegiatan siswa ini dapat diimplementasikan dengan sangat baik, hal ini dapat dilihat dari aktivitas siswa pada pelaksanaan siklus II, misalkan pada aspek kesiapan siswa dalam mengikuti pembelajaran, siswa mendengarkan arahan dari guru, keaktifan siswa dalam kegiatan pembelajaran ada, siswa mampu menggunakan media yang disediakan oleh guru dan siswa mampu menyelesaikan evaluasi individual.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 649,
"width": 80,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 664,
"width": 184,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan selama dua siklus di Kelas V SD Negeri Reudeup, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran take and give pada mata pelajaran IPA tema panas dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 782,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "323",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 97,
"width": 184,
"height": 228,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "perpindahannya berdampak positif terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas V SD Negeri Reudeup. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari peningkatan ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa pada setiap siklus. Adapun nilai peningkatannya adalah pada siklus I ada 14 siswa atau 56% yang tuntas dengan nilai rata-rata 66,4 sedangkan pada siklus II ada 21 siswa (84%) yang tuntas dengan nilai rata-rata 76,4. Aktivitas guru dan siswa kelas V SD Negeri Reudeup dalam penerapan model pembelajaran take and give pada pelajaran IPA tema panas dan perpindahannya terjadi peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 358,
"width": 43,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SARAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 373,
"width": 148,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari hasil penelitian yang",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 387,
"width": 183,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "diperoleh dari uraian sebelumnya agar",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 402,
"width": 183,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "proses belajar mengajar IPA lebih efektif dan lebih memberikan hasil yang optimal bagi siswa, maka disampaikan saran sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 460,
"width": 46,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Saran",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 134,
"top": 475,
"width": 163,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Model pembelajaran Take And Give dapat dijadikan alternatif",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 153,
"top": 504,
"width": 144,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dalam pembelajaran IPA karena dengan model pembelajaran Take And Give .",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 134,
"top": 548,
"width": 163,
"height": 199,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dapat mempermudah siswa dalam memahami tema panas dan perpindahannya dan perlu adanya penelitian lanjutan yang berkaitan dengan pembelajaran IPA dengan teknik-teknik yang lain agar kemampuan siswa dalam memahami materi lebih baik. b. Siswa diharapkan dapat memberikan respon yang baik terhadap guru dalam menyajikan model pembelajaran Take And Give .",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 369,
"top": 97,
"width": 144,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dengan model kerja ilmiah sederhana dengan baik sehingga dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA dan meningkatkan kualitas proses belajar IPA.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 198,
"width": 183,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Ucapan Terima Kasih 1) Bapak Dr. Amiruddin, M.Pd Selaku dosen Universitas Almuslim Bireuen, Aceh 2) Bapak Dr. Teuku Salfiyadi,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 372,
"top": 271,
"width": 141,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "M.Pd Selaku dosen Universitas Almuslim Bireuen, Aceh",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 300,
"width": 155,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Teman-teman dan semua pihak yang turut membantu dalam",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 372,
"top": 329,
"width": 62,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "penulisan ini.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 387,
"width": 104,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 402,
"width": 183,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arikunto, S. Suhardjono, Supardi. 2009.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 417,
"width": 184,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian Tndakan Kelas. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. _________. 2010. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik . Edisi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 365,
"top": 475,
"width": 148,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Revisi. Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 504,
"width": 183,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Djamarah, S.B. 2003. Guru dan Anak Didik Dalam Interaksi Edukatif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 533,
"width": 183,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta. Gulo. W. 2008. Strategi Belajar Mengajar. Jakarta: PT. Grasindo Hanafiah, 2009. Konsep Strategi Pembelajaran. Bandung: PT. Refika Aditama",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 620,
"width": 183,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hardini, I. & Puspitasari, D. 2012.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 635,
"width": 183,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Strategi Pembelajaran Terpadu. Teori, konsep dan Implementasi . Yogyakarta: Familia. Muhadi. 2011. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (Panduan Wajib Bagi Pendidik). Yogyakarta: Shira Media.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 782,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "324",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 97,
"width": 183,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sagala, S. 2010. Konsep dan Makna",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 111,
"width": 184,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembelajaran untuk Membantu Memecahkan Problematika Belajar dan Mengajar . Bandung: CV Alfabeta. Sanjaya, W. 2007. Strategi Pembelajaran Berorientasi Standar Proses Pendidikan. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group. Slavin, R.E.. 2004. Cooperative",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 257,
"width": 148,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Learning Teori, Riset, dan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 271,
"width": 148,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Praktik . Terjemahan Narulita",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 286,
"width": 184,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yusron. Bandung: Nusa Media. Sudjana, N. 2010. Penilaian Hasil Proses Belajar Mengajar, Bandung: Sinar Baru Algensindo. Sudijono, A. 2008. Pendidikan IPA .",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 373,
"width": 118,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Surabaya: Insan Cendekia",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 387,
"width": 184,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sulistyorini. 2007. Model Pembelajaran IPA Sekolah Dasar dan Penerapannya dalam KTSP . Yogyakarta: Global Pustaka",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 446,
"width": 26,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ilmu.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 460,
"width": 184,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wardani, D. 2008. Bermain Sambil Belajar Menggali Keunggulan Rahasia Terbesar dari Suatu Permainan . Yogyakarta: Edukasia. Wena, M. 2010. Strategi Pembelajaran Inovatif Kontemporer Suatu Tinjauan Konseptual Operasional. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.",
"type": "Table"
}
] |
04878e56-543e-b6ba-1fc2-ef44837d8f19 | https://journal.uniga.ac.id/index.php/MJA/article/download/1329/999 | [
{
"left": 222,
"top": 111,
"width": 148,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DEWAN REDAKSI",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 249,
"top": 161,
"width": 92,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "CHIEF EDITOR",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 124,
"top": 183,
"width": 343,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vela Rostwentivaivi, S.E, M. Si (Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Garut)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 245,
"width": 122,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "EDITORIAL BOARD",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 267,
"width": 337,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dr. Ir. Tatang Mulyana, M. M (Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Garut) Fitri Awaliyah, S.P, M. EP (Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Garut) Rama Adi Pratama, S.P, M. P (Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Garut)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 314,
"width": 317,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ervi Herawati, S. Pt, M. S (Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Garut)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 252,
"top": 376,
"width": 86,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PEER REVIEW",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 398,
"width": 429,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dr. Feryanto, S.P., M.Si, (Fakultas Ekonomi dan Manajemen, Institut Pertanian Bogor) Dr. Suprehatin, SP.,MAB, (Fakultas Ekonomi dan Manajemen, Institut Pertanian Bogor) Dr. Ir. Tuti Karyani, M. SP, (Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 446,
"width": 412,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dr. Juwarin Pancawati, S.P., M.Si, (Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Ageng Tirtayasa) Dr. Tintin Febrianti, S.P., M.P, (Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Garut)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 477,
"width": 399,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dr. Muhammad Nurdin Yusuf, S.E., M.P, (Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Galuh)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 493,
"width": 383,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dr. Sri Ayu Andayani, S.P., M.P, (Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Majalengka)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 508,
"width": 301,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dr. Doni Sahat Tua Manalu, (Sekolah Vokasi, IPB University)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": 524,
"width": 456,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Syahrul Ganda Sukmayana, S.E., M.Si, (Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman) Dr. Nia Rosiana, SP. M. Si. (Fakultas Ekonomi dan Manajemen, Institut Pertanian Bogor)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 212,
"top": 681,
"width": 170,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SEKRETARIAT MAHATANI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 119,
"top": 698,
"width": 353,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Program Studi Agribisnis Fakultas Pertanian Univeritas Garut Jalan Raya Samarang No. 52 A Garut 44151 Telpon : (0262) 544214 Email : [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 134,
"top": 85,
"width": 323,
"height": 84,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MAHATANI JURNAL AGRIBISNIS ( Agribusiness And Agricultural Economics Journal ) P-ISSN : 2622–1896, E–ISSN : 2721–513X",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 213,
"width": 125,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KATA PENGANTAR",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 246,
"width": 450,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Puji serta syukur dipanjatkan terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena MAHATANI : Jurnal Agribisnis ( Agribusiness and Agriculture Economics Journal ) Volume 1 No 2 Desember 2018 dapat diterbitkan. Edisi ini memuat jurnal-jurnal hasil penelitian mengenai sosial ekonomi, manajemen strategi, usaha tani serta perilaku konsumen dalam lingkup ekonomi pertanian dan agribisnis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 358,
"width": 450,
"height": 148,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tim redaksi mempunyai harapan semoga jurnal-jurnal hasil penelitian tersebut menjadi sumber pengetahuan dan ilmu baru bagi para peneliti, dosen dan mahasiswa, sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai referensi untuk penelitian-penelitian selanjutnya. Harapan lainnya semoga jurnal-jurnal hasil penelitian menjadi sumber ilmiah untuk para pemegang kebijakan terkait dengan strategi pembangunan ekonomi pertanian yang berdampak pada peningkatan kesejahteraan petani.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 414,
"top": 537,
"width": 121,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Garut, Desember 2018",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 489,
"top": 582,
"width": 45,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Redaksi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 134,
"top": 85,
"width": 323,
"height": 84,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MAHATANI JURNAL AGRIBISNIS ( Agribusiness And Agricultural Economics Journal ) P-ISSN : 2622–1896, E–ISSN : 2721–513X",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 258,
"top": 203,
"width": 75,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR ISI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 250,
"width": 369,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "STRATEGI NAFKAH PETANI SAWIT DI DESA PENARIK KECAMATAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 264,
"width": 401,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENARIK KABUPATEN MUKOMUKO Eko Sumartono, Yani Astria…………………………………………………….. ……….",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 305,
"width": 410,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN BISNIS PT MOMENTA AGRIKULTURA AMAZING FARM, LEMBANG, JAWA BARAT Doni Saha Tua Manalu, Desriana Maya Sari Tarigan………………………………….",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 359,
"width": 410,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI PRODUKSI AKAR WANGI DI KABUPATEN GARUT Vela Rostwentivaivi, Kurnaeli ……………………………………. ………………………",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 414,
"width": 410,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KERAGAAN AGRIBISNIS KOMODITAS MANGGA GEDONG GINCU DI KABUPATEN CIREBON",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 441,
"width": 410,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fitri Awaliyah………………………………………… …………………………..…………",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 469,
"width": 410,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ANALISIS KEPUASAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP KERUPUK SAGU DI DESA PASAR BARU, KECAMATAN PANGEAN, KABUPATEN KUANTAN SINGINGI Adji Baniyoso, Chezy WM Vermila, Nariman Hadi …………………………………..…",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 523,
"width": 410,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KONDISI SOSIAL EKONOMI PETANI SEBELUM DAN SETELAH BENCANA DI KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN MENTAWAI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 277,
"width": 458,
"height": 287,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Anak Agung Eka Suwarnata, Sari Anggarawati………… ……………………………… 80 -95 96-120 121-128 129-141 142-152 153-171",
"type": "Table"
}
] |
cf2a754e-11d6-e26a-c617-93484130c183 | https://maker.ac.id/index.php/maker/article/download/97/98 | [
{
"left": 85,
"top": 888,
"width": 66,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Jurnal MAKER",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 220,
"top": 888,
"width": 211,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "ISSN : 2502-4434 Vol. 4, No. 2, DESEMBER 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 529,
"top": 888,
"width": 13,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "40",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 154,
"width": 449,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "PENGARUH DISIPLIN KERJA DAN KOMUNIKASI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA KANTOR BADAN PERTAHANAN NASIONAL (BPN) KOTA PEMATANGSIANTAR",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 261,
"top": 207,
"width": 106,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Oleh: Gita Theresia Ambarita S1 Manajemen Darwin Lie, Efendi, Sisca",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 264,
"width": 459,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1. Untuk mengetahui gambaran disiplin kerja, komunikasi dan kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota Pematangsiantar. 2. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh disiplin kerja dan komunikasi terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota Pematangsiantar secara simultan dan parsial.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 310,
"width": 459,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan desain penelitian kepustakaan dan lapangan. Sedangkan jenis data yang digunakan yaitu data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif. Sumber data menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Adapun populasi pada penelitian ini pegawai Kantor Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota Pematangsiantar sejumlah 31 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda, koefisien korelasi, koefisien determinasi dan pengujian hipotesis dengan uji F serta uji t.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 379,
"width": 459,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: 1. Disiplin kerja, komunikasi dan kinerja pegawai dengan kriteria sudah baik. 2. Hasil analisis regresi adalah Ŷ = 34,319 + 0,445X 1 + 0,638X 2 berarti disiplin kerja dan komunikasi berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja pegawai. 3. Hasil analisis korelasi diperoleh nilai r = 0,826 artinya terdapat hubungan yang sangat kuat dan positif antara disiplin kerja dan komunikasi dengan kinerja pegawai. Selanjutnya diperoleh koefisien determinasi (R)= 0,682 artinya tinggi rendahnya kinerja pegawai dapat dijelaskan sebesar 68,2% oleh disiplin kerja dan komunikasi. 4. Hipotesis H 0 ditolak, artinya disiplin kerja dan komunikasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai secara simultan dan parsial.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 460,
"width": 459,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Adapun saran dari hasil penelitian ini adalah 1. untuk meningkatkan disiplin kerja, pimpinan harus lebih tegas memberikan sanksi bagi siapa saja yang melanggar aturan. 2. Untuk mempengaruhi komunikasi, pimpinan maupun para bawahan harus berusaha menciptakan hubungan baik agar dapat tercapainya lingkungan kerja yang kondusif. 3. untuk mengoptimalkan kinerja pegawai, pimpinan harus menerapkan peraturan yang berlaku agar pegawai dapat melaksanakan peraturan tersebut dengan baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 529,
"width": 248,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Kata kunci: Disiplin Kerja, Komunikasi dan Kinerja Pegawai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 290,
"top": 552,
"width": 49,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Abstraction",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 563,
"width": 459,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "The purpose of this study are: 1. To determine the description of work discipline and communication and the employee’s performance at Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota Pematangsiantar . 2. To determine the influence of work discipline and communication on employee’s performance at Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota Pematangsiantar simultaneously and partially .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 609,
"width": 459,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "This research is done with library research and field research. The data types are cualitative and quantitative data, the data sources are primer and secondary data. The population in this research is as much as 31 respondents. The data collection is done with questionnaire, interview and documentation. Technical analysis used is multiple linear regression, coefficient of correlation, coefficient of determination and hypothesis test F test and t test.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 667,
"width": 459,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "The results of the study can be summarized as follows: 1. work discipline, communication and employee’s performance is good. 2. The results of regression analysis is Ŷ = 34,319 + 0,445X 1 + 0,638X 2 it means that work discipline and communication had a positive influence on employee’s performance. 3. The results of correlations analysis get value r= 0,826 , it means that there is a high and positive correlation between work discipline, communication with employee’s performance. Further obtained coefficient of determination (R) = 0.682 means the level of employee’s performance can be explained as much as 68,2% by work discipline and communication. 4. The results of hypothesis test H0 is rejected, it means that work discipline and communication had a positive and significant influence on employee’s performance simultaneously and partially.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 759,
"width": 458,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "The suggestion of this research is to improve the work discipline, 1. the leadership must be more firmly to give sanction for anyone who violates the rules. 2. To influence communication, the leadership and the subordinates must create good relations in order to achieve a conducive working environment. 3. to optimize the employee’s performance, the leadership have to apply the rules so that employees can implement the rules properly.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 828,
"width": 304,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Keywords: Work Discipline, Communication and Employee’s Performance",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 888,
"width": 66,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Jurnal MAKER",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 220,
"top": 888,
"width": 211,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "ISSN : 2502-4434 Vol. 4, No. 2, DESEMBER 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 529,
"top": 888,
"width": 13,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "41",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 153,
"width": 94,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "A. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 165,
"width": 127,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "1. Latar Belakang Masalah",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 176,
"width": 216,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) yaitu lembaga Pemerintah Non Departemen yang berada di bawah Kementrian Agraria dan Tata Ruang dan bertanggung jawab kepada Presiden dan dipimpin oleh Kepala (sesuai dengan Perpres No. 63 Tahun 2013). Badan Pertanahan Nasional mempunyai tugas melaksanakan tugas pemerintahan di bidang pertanahan secara nasional, regional dan sektoral sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang- undangan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 291,
"width": 217,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Keberhasilan suatu organisasi sangat dipengaruhi oleh kinerja pegawainya. Setiap organisasi akan selalu berusaha untuk meningkatkan kinerja pegawai dengan harapan apa yang menjadi tujuan organisasi akan tercapai. Dimensi kinerja pada Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota Pematangsiantar diketahui berdasarkan Sasaran Kinerja Pegawai (SKP) serta Perilaku Kerja (PK). Adapun fenomena kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 395,
"width": 217,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Kota Pematangsiantar adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 418,
"width": 216,
"height": 216,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja pegawai adalah disiplin kerja. Seorang pegawai dikatakan disiplin jika menaati waktu kerja, mengikuti apel, melakukan apel, melakukan pekerjaan dengan baik, serta mematuhi peraturan yang sudah ditetapkan. Penerapan disiplin kerja tertulis dalam PP Nomor 53 Tahun 2010 tentang pegawai negeri sipil memiliki kewajiban yang harus dijalankan dan larangan-larangan yang harus dijauhi agar terwujud disiplin kerja yang baik. Disiplin kerja di Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota Pematangsiantar masih belum optimal, terlihat dari adanya beberapa pegawai yang masih melanggar peraturan secara berulang terutama dalam hal memanfaatkan waktu kerja, tingkat kehadiran pegawai yang mengikuti apel pagi dan sore tidak lebih dari 70% dari seluruh jumlah pegawai, serta banyaknya pegawai yang terlambat datang kantor ataupun tidak hadir.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 636,
"width": 217,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Selain disiplin, faktor lain yang dapat mempengaruhi kinerja pegawai adalah komunikasi. Komunikasi sangatlah penting dalam kemajuan suatu organisasi. Komunikasi yang digunakan Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 694,
"width": 216,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Pematangsiantar adalah komunikasi ke bawah, komunikasi ke atas, komunikasi horizontal, dan komunikasi diagonal. Komunikasi ke bawah yaitu penyampaian informasi yang mengalir dari atasan kepada bawahan, bertujuan agar para pemimpin lebih mudah dalam pengambilan keputusan. Komunikasi ke atas yaitu informasi yang berasal dari bawahan ke atasan. Komunikasi ke atas digunakan dalam pengajuan usul dan saran, keluhan, pengaduan, dan penetapan sasaran dengan penetapan management by objective (MBO).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 820,
"width": 216,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Komunikasi horizontal yaitu komunikasi yang digunakan di dalam tim, diantara kepala seksi dan diantara pengkoordinasi dan peranan penghubung, dapat membantu orang-orang untuk mengkoordinasikan proyek, menyelesaikan masalah,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 153,
"width": 216,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "dan memecahkan konflik-konflik. Komunikasi diagonal yaitu komunikasi antara pimpinan seksi dengan pegawai seksi lain, seperti anggota staf junior dapat langsung pergi ke atasannya melalui telpon, email, atau mengunjungi tekhnikal senior di area lain untuk mendapatkan informasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 222,
"width": 217,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota Pematangsiantar mengelola komunikasi sebagai upaya menghasilkan kinerja pegawai yang optimal. Fenomena komunikasi pada Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota Pematangsiantar terlihat pada hubungan kerja para pegawai yang kurang harmonis disebabkan oleh jalinan komunikasi yang kurang baik, dimana setiap pegawai memiliki kesibukan tersendiri sehingga menyebabkan kurangnya untuk saling berkomunikasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 337,
"width": 216,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas, maka penulis tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian dengan judul: Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja dan Komunikasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota Pematangsiantar.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 418,
"width": 101,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "2. Rumusan Masalah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 429,
"width": 217,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Berdasarkan latar belakang permasalahan di atas dapat ditarik perumusan masalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 464,
"width": 217,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "1. Bagaimana gambaran disiplin kerja, komunikasi dan kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota Pematangsiantar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 510,
"width": 217,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "2. Bagaimana pengaruh disiplin kerja dan komunikasi terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota Pematangsiantar baik secara simultan maupun parsial.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 568,
"width": 217,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "3. Tujuan Penelitian Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 602,
"width": 216,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "1. Untuk mengetahui gambaran disiplin kerja, komunikasi dan kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota Pematangsiantar.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 648,
"width": 216,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "2. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh disiplin kerja dan komunikasi terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota Pematangsiantar baik secara simultan maupun parsial.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 717,
"width": 98,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "4. Metode Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 728,
"width": 216,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Yang menjadi objek penelitian dalam hal ini adalah pegawai Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota Pematangsiantar yang terletak di jalan Dahlia No. 8 Kelurahan Bah Kapul Kecamatan Pematangsiantar, Sumatera Utara. Semua popoulasi pegawai Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota Pematangsiantar adalah 31 orang yang sekaligus dijadikan sampel dalam penelitian ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 820,
"width": 217,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Adapun Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah Penelitian Kepustakaan (Library Research) dan Penelitian Lapangan (Field Research) . Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan penulis dalam penelitian ini",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 888,
"width": 66,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Jurnal MAKER",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 220,
"top": 888,
"width": 211,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "ISSN : 2502-4434 Vol. 4, No. 2, DESEMBER 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 529,
"top": 888,
"width": 13,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "42",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 153,
"width": 216,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "adalah berupa Kuesioner, Wawancara, Dokumentasi dan Observasi. Adapun jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif. Hasil data yang diperoleh dari lapangan akan dianalisis secara deskriptif baik bersifat kualitatif dan kuantitatif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 234,
"width": 111,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "B. LANDASAN TEORI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 246,
"width": 172,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "1. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 257,
"width": 216,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Adapun pengertian tentang manajemen sumber daya manusia ditulis beberapa ahli manajemen yang pada dasarnya memiliki kesimpulan yang sama. Manajemen sumber daya manusia merupakan salah satu manajemen yang menitikberatkan perhatiannya terhadap masalah yang berhubungan dengan kepegawaian dalam sebuah organisasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 337,
"width": 216,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Menurut Noe, et. al. (2010:05), manajemen sumber daya manusia mengacu pada kebijakan- kebijakan, praktik-praktik, serta sistem-sistem yang mempengaruhi perilaku, sikap, dan kinerja karyawan. Sedangkan menurut Gomes (2003:4) berpendapat bahwa manajemen sumber daya manusia adalah pengembangan dan pemanfaatan personil (pegawai) bagi pencapaian yang efektif mengenai sasaran-sasaran dan tujuan individu, organisasi masyarakat, nasional dan internasional. Sedangkan menurut Mondy (2008:4), manajemen sumber daya manusia adalah pemanfaatan sejumlah individu untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 487,
"width": 216,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Manajemen sumber daya manusia mempunyai arti proses, ilmu, dan seni manajemen yang mengatur tentang sumber daya manusia yang ada dalam organisasi. Dari beberapa pendapat di atas, maka dapat disimpulkan manajemen sumber daya manusia adalah kegiatan yang dilakukan guna mencapai tujuan individu maupun organisasi secara efektif dan efisien agar menghasilkan sumber daya manusia yang produktif dan berkualitas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 602,
"width": 76,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "2. Disiplin Kerja",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 613,
"width": 216,
"height": 216,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Di dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, di mana pun manusia berada, dibutuhkan peraturan-peraturan dan ketentuan-ketentuan yang akan mengatur dan membatasi setiap kegiatan dan perilakunya. Menurut Sutrisno (2009:86), disiplin adalah sikap kesediaan dan kerelaan seseorang untuk mematuhi dan menaati norma-norma peraturan yang berlaku di sekitarnya. Menurut Saydam (2000:284), menyebutkan bahwa disiplin adalah pelatihan, khususnya pelatihan pikiran dan sikap untuk menghasilkan pengendalian diri, kebiasaan-kebiasaan untuk menaati peraturan yang berlaku. Sedangkan menurut Rivai (2005:444), mengemukakan bahwa disiplin adalah suatu alat yang digunakan para manajer untuk berkomunikasi dengan karyawan agar mereka bersedia untuk mengubah suatu perilaku serta sebagai upaya untuk mengingatkan kesadaran dan kesediaan seseorang menaati semua peraturan-peraturan yang ada di perusahaan dan norma-norma sosial yang berlaku.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 832,
"width": 216,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Disiplin bentuk suatu dari pengendalian dalam menaati peraturan untuk mengubah suatu perilaku lewat kesadaran dan kesediaan seseorang. Berdasarkan pendapat-pendapat di atas, penulis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 153,
"width": 216,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "menyimpulkan bahwa disiplin adalah peraturan- peraturan yang digunakan para manajer untuk berkomunikasi dengan karyawan agar setiap orang menaati norma-norma sosial yang berlaku.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 211,
"width": 73,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "3. Komunikasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 222,
"width": 217,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Kata komunikasi berasal dari bahasa latin “ communis ” atau “ communicatus ” yang memiliki makna “berbagi” atau “menjadi milik bersama” yaitu usaha yang memiliki tujuan untuk kebersamaan atau kesamaan makna.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 280,
"width": 217,
"height": 181,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Menurut Purwanto (2011:4), Komunikasi adalah suatu proses pertukaran informasi antar individu melalui suatu sistem yang biasa (lazim), baik dengan simbol-simbol, sinyal-sinyal maupun perilaku atau tindakan. Menurut Handoko (2009), komunikasi adalah proses pemindahan pengertian dalam bentuk gagasan atau informasi dari seseorang ke orang lain. Sedangkan menurut Dewi (2007:3), komunikasi pada dasarnya dapat dipandang dari berbagai dimensi. Jika dipandang sebagai proses, komunikasi merupakan kegiatan pengiriman dan penerimaan pesan yang berlangsung secara dinamis. Secara simbolik, komunikasi menggunakan berbagai lambang atau simbol yang dinyatakan dalam bentuk nonverbal (isyarat, gerak, dan ekspresi) maupun verbal (bahasa lisan dan tertulis).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 464,
"width": 216,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Dimanapun kita tinggal dan apapun pekerjaan kita, kita selalu membutuhkan komunikasi dengan orang lain. Manusia tidak bisa hidup sendirian. Ia secara kodrati harus hidup dengan manusia lain, baik demi kelangsungan dan keamanan hidupnya, maupun demi keturunannya. Berdasarkan pendapat para ahli di atas dapat disimpulkan komunikasi adalah proses petukaran informasi antar individu untuk menginterpretasikan suatu yang diinginkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 579,
"width": 92,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "4. Kinerja Pegawai",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 590,
"width": 217,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Kinerja merupakan salah satu unsur yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dalam suatu organisasi. Menurut Gomes (2003:123), kinerja merupakan suatu kondisi yang harus diketahui dan diinformasikan kepada pihak-pihak tertentu untuk mengetahui tingkat pencapaian hasil suatu instansi dihubungkan dengan visi yang diemban suatu organisasi serta mengetahui dampak negatif dan positif dari suatu kebijakan operasional yang diambil. Menurut Mangkunegara (2013:67), istilah kinerja berasal dari kata job performance atau actual performance (prestasi kerja atau prestasi sesungguhnya yang dicapai oleh seseorang).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 740,
"width": 217,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Kinerja (prestasi kerja) adalah hasil kerja secara kualitas dan kuantitas yang dicapai oleh seorang pegawai dalam melaksanakan tugasnya sesuai dengan tanggung jawab yang diberikan kepadanya. Sedangkan menurut Mathis dan John (2006:378), kinerja (performance) pada dasarnya adalah apa yang dilakukan atau tidak dilakukan oleh karyawan. Kinerja karyawan yang umum untuk kebanyakan pekerjaan meliputi elemen seperti: kuantitas dan kualitas dari hasil kehadiran dan kemampuan bekerjasama.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 888,
"width": 66,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Jurnal MAKER",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 220,
"top": 888,
"width": 211,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "ISSN : 2502-4434 Vol. 4, No. 2, DESEMBER 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 529,
"top": 888,
"width": 13,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "43",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 153,
"width": 216,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Seorang pegawai yang baik pasti mencerminkan kinerja yang baik. Kinerja sering disebut hasil kerja. Berdasarkan pendapat ahli di atas, kinerja merupakan hasil kerja dan prestasi kerja dalam menyelesaikan tugas atau tanggung jawab seseorang yang diberikan oleh organisasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 234,
"width": 216,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "5. Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja dan Komuniasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 257,
"width": 217,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Kinerja pegawai dalam suatu organisasi atau perusahaan dapat dipengaruhi oleh disiplin kerja dan komunikasi. Kedisiplinan adalah salah satu faktor yang terpenting dalam suatu organisasi. Disiplin dapat mendukung keberhasilan kinerja pada setiap pegawai. Sedangkan komunikasi adalah faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja pegawai dalam suau organisasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 349,
"width": 216,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Menurut Rivai (2005:444), mengatakan bahwa disiplin pegawai yang tinggi, maka kinerja pegawai akan semakin tinggi pula, dan sebaliknya jika disiplin pegawai menurun, maka kinerja pegawai akan semakin menurun. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa disiplin kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 429,
"width": 216,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Komunikasi yang baik dalam suatu organisasi akan mampu menunjang kinerja pegawai menjadi lebih baik lagi, dengan kata lain kinerja pegawai pada suatu organisasi dapat dipengaruhi oleh komunikasi. Menurut",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 475,
"width": 217,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Purwanto (2006:3), menyatakan bahwa hubungan komunikasi yang baik, dalam arti dapat dipahami dengan jelas antar atasan dan bawahan merupakan salah satu kunci keberhasilan organisasi mencapai tujuan organisasi yang ditetapkan. Suksesnya pelaksanaan tugas pimpinan untuk meningkatkan kinerja itu sebagian besar ditentukan oleh kemahirannya menjalin komunikasi yang tepat dengan semua pihak, secara horizontal, ke atas, ke bawah, dan diagonal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 590,
"width": 216,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Dari uraian teori di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin baik disiplin kerja dan komunikasi yang diberikan, maka kinerja pegawai semakin tinggi, sebaliknya semakin buruk disiplin kerja dan komunikasi yang diberikan, maka kinerja pegawai akan menurun.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 671,
"width": 92,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "C. PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 683,
"width": 217,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "1. Analisis Deskriptif Kualitatif Analisis deskriptif kualitatif dimaksudkan untuk mendapatkan gambaran atau deskripsi mengenai pengaruh brand image dan persepsi konsumen terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen di Indomaret. Sesudah pengujian data, maka langkah selanjutnya peneliti melakukan pengkajian analisis kualitatif sebagai gambaran fenomena dari variabel penelitian pada saat sekarang ini. Setelah kuesioner diolah, maka nilai-nilai jawaban dari setiap data responden dibagai menjadi beberapa kelas interval.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 809,
"width": 216,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Adapun penetapan kriteria nilai rata-rata jawaban dari responden tersebut dimasukkan kedalam kelas-kelas interval dengan penentuan intervalnya memakai rumus sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 176,
"width": 108,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "...... (Sugiyono, 2013:172)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 208,
"width": 106,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Kriteria: Nilai Tertinggi adalah = 5 Nilai terendah adalah = 1 Jumlah Kelas adalah = 5",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 254,
"width": 217,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Dari rumus di atas dapat diperoleh interval kelas 0,8 sehingga berlaku ketentuan mengenai jawaban reponden dengan hasil sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 331,
"top": 288,
"width": 209,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Nilai Interval dan Kategori Jawaban Responden",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 301,
"width": 212,
"height": 220,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Nilai Interval Kategori Brand Image Persepsi Konsumen Keputusan Pembelian 1,00 – 1,80 Sangat Tidak Baik (STS) Sangat Tidak Baik (STS) Sangat Tidak Baik (STS) 1,81 – 2,60 Tidak Baik (TS) Tidak Baik (TS) Tidak Baik (TS) 2,61 – 3,40 Kurang Baik (KS) Kurang Baik (KS) Kurang Baik (KS) 3,41 – 4,20 Baik (S) Baik (S) Baik (S) 4,21 – 5,00 Sangat Baik (SS) Sangat Baik (SS) Sangat Baik (SS) Sumber: hasil pengolahan data kuesioner(2017)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 535,
"width": 217,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "a. Gambaran Disiplin Kerja Pada Badan Pertahanan Kantor Kota Pematangsiantar",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 558,
"width": 217,
"height": 193,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Dapat dilihat bahwa dimensi menjalankan kewajiban dengan indikator mengucapkan sumpah PNS berada pada rata-rata 3,81 dengan kriteria jawaban baik disebabkan adanya kesadaran pegawai dalam mengucapkan sumpah saat menjadi PNS sehingga pegawai bersungguh-sungguh dalam mengucapkannya. Indikator mengucapkan sumpah jabatan berada pada rata-rata 4,06 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan adanya kesadaran pegawai mengenai sumpah jabatan sehingga membuat pegawai tidak memanfaatkan jabatannya untuk hal- hal negatif. Indikator setia terhadap Pancasila berada pada rata-rata 4,10 dengan kriteria sangat baik. Hal ini disebabkan Pancasila merupakan dasar dari Negara Republik Indonesia sehingga pegawai menerapkan nilai-nilai Pancasila dalam bekerja dan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 754,
"width": 217,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Indikator setia terhadap Negara berada pada rata-rata 4,16 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan pegawai sebagai warga negara Indonesia memiliki rasa nasionalisme terhadap negara sendiri. Indikator menaati peraturan perundang-undangan berada pada rata-rata 3,81 dengan kriteria baik yang dikarenakan pegawai telah menaati aturan-aturan di dalam undang-undang dalam melaksanakan pekerjaan. Indikator melaksanakan tugas kedinasan berada pada rata-rata 3,90 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya keinginan pegawai untuk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 888,
"width": 66,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Jurnal MAKER",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 220,
"top": 888,
"width": 211,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "ISSN : 2502-4434 Vol. 4, No. 2, DESEMBER 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 529,
"top": 888,
"width": 13,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "44",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 153,
"width": 216,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "melaksanakan tugas dengan baik sehingga tujuan organisasi bisa tercapai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 176,
"width": 216,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Indikator menjunjung tinggi kehormatan negara berada pada rata-rata 4,03 dengan kriteria baik yang disebabkan adanya kesadaran pegawai untuk menjaga sikap sebagai pegawai negeri sipil yang menjaga nama baik Negara. Indikator mengutamakan kepentingan negara berada pada rata- rata 4,16 dengan kriteria baik, dikarenakan sebagai pegawai negeri sipil ditetapkan untuk bekerja di negara sendiri dari pada di negara lain. Indikator memegang rahasia jabatan pada rata-rata 4,10 dengan kriteria baik yang dikarenakan para pegawai dapat memegang rahasia pekerjaan yang telah diberikan kepadanya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 326,
"width": 216,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Indikator bekerja dengan jujur berada pada rata- rata 4,06 dengan kriteria baik yang disebabkan pegawai memiliki kemauan untuk bekerja dengan jujur dan tidak ada yang ditutupi dalam melakukan hal apapun. Indikator melaporkan jika mengetahui apabila ada hal yang membahayakan negara berada pada rata-rata 3,81 dengan kriteria baik, karena setiap ada masalah yang dapat membahayakan negara maka pegawai langsung melaporkan kepada yang berwajib. Indikator menaati ketentuan jam kerja berada pada rata-rata 3,39 dengan kriteria cukup baik, hal ini dikarenakan kurangnya pegawai dalam menaati ketentuan jam kerja seperti pegawai sering tidak masuk kerja tanpa alasan yang sah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 487,
"width": 216,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Indikator mencapai sasaran kerja pegawai berada pada rata-rata 4,06 dengan kriteria baik. Pegawai dapat mencapai sasaran kerja karena adanya rencana kerja dan target yang akan dicapai oleh pegawai. Indikator memelihara barang-barang milik negara berada pada rata-rata 4,03 dengan kriteria baik, hal ini disebabkan adanya kesadaran pegawai untuk menjaga barang-barang milik negara yang diberikan padanya dengan optimal. Indikator memberikan pelayanan yang baik pada masyarakat memiliki rata-rata 3,39 dengan kriteria cukup baik dikarenakan kurangnya kesadaran pegawai dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 636,
"width": 216,
"height": 171,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Indikator membimbing bawahan melaksanakan tugas memiliki rata-rata 4,10 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan sudah terjalinnya komunikasi yang baik antara pegawai senior dengan pegawai junior dalam melaksanakan pekerjaan. Indikator memberikan kesempatan pada bawahan untuk mengembangkan karir bernilai rata-rata 3,81 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini dikarenakan atasan memberikan kesempatan kepada bawahan untuk mengembangkan karir dengan memberikan pelatihan. Indikator menaati peraturan kedinasan memiliki rata-rata 3,39 dengan kriteria cukup baik. Hal ini dikarenakan pimpinan kurang tegas kepada pegawai yang tidak menaati aturan sehingga ada beberapa pegawai yang melanggar aturan tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 809,
"width": 216,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Dimensi menjauhi larangan untuk indikator menyalahgunakan wewenang berada pada rata-rata 3,90 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan pegawai sadar untuk tidak menyalahgunakan wewenang yang telah diberikan kepadanya. Indikator menjadi perantara untuk mendapatkan keuntungan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 153,
"width": 217,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "pribadi berada pada rata-rata 4,23 dengan kriteria sangat baik, dikarenakan pegawai tidak akan menggunakan kewenangan orang lain demi mendapatkan keuntungan pribadi. Indikator tanpa izin bekerja untuk negara lain berada pada rata-rata 4,10 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan tidak adanya pegawai yang bekerja untuk negara lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 234,
"width": 216,
"height": 181,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Indikator bekerja pada perusahaan asing berada pada rata-rata 4,06 dengan kriteria baik, disebabkan tidak adanya pegawai yang bekerja pada perusahaan asing. Indikator memiliki barang-barang milik negara secara tidak sah berada pada rata-rata 4,23 dengan kriteria sangat baik. Hal ini disebabkan pegawai telah mengetahui bahwa barang-barang milik negara yang diberikan berupa fasilitas dan hanya boleh dipergunakan untuk urusan pekerjaan. Indikator melakukan kegiatan bersama dengan atasan untuk kepentingan pribadi berada pada rata- rata 3,74 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan pimpinan selalu tegas kepada pegawai untuk tidak melakukan kegiatan bersama, di dalam maupun di luar lingkungan kerjanya dengan tujuan keuntungan pribadi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 418,
"width": 216,
"height": 181,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Indikator memberikan hadiah pada seseorang untuk diangkat dalam jabatan berada pada rata-rata 4,03 dengan kriteria baik, dapat diketahui pegawai tidak pernah memberi hadiah kepada siapapun baik secara langsung atau tidak langsung dengan dalih apapun untuk diangkat dalam jabatan. Indikator menerima hadiah yang berhubungan dengan jabatan berada pada rata-rata 3,81 dengan kriteria baik, karena pegawai selalu menolak hadiah atau suatu pemberian apa saja dari siapapun juga yang berhubungan dengan jabatan atau pekerjaannya. Indikator bertindak sewenang-wenang terhadap bawahan berada pada rata-rata 4,23 dengan kriteria sangat baik. Hal ini dikarenakan atasan selalu memperlakukan bawahan dengan baik dan tidak bertindak sewenang-wenang terhadap bawahan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 602,
"width": 216,
"height": 182,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Indikator melakukan dengan tindakan yang mempersulit pihak yang dilayani berada pada rata- rata 3,74 dengan krieteia baik. Hal ini dikarenakan pegawai tidak melakukan suatu tindakan yang dapat menghalangi atau mempersulit salah satu pihak yang dilayani sehingga mengakibatkan kerugian bagi yang dilayani. Indikator menghalangi berjalannya tugas kedinasan berada pada rata-rata 4,16 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan tidak adanya pegawai menghalangi berjalannya tugas kedinasan yang dapat merugikan organisasi tersebut. Indikator menjadi peserta kampanye dengan menggunakan fasilitas negara berada pada rata-rata 4,06 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan adanya kesadaran pegawai bahwa pegawai negeri sipil (PNS) harus bersikap netral dalam pemilihan umum.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 786,
"width": 216,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Indikator mendukung calon peserta pemilu dengan menggunakan fasilitas negara berada pada rata-rata 4,03 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan adanya kesadaran pegawai untuk menggunakan fasilitas yang diberikan negara hanya ketika pegawai menjalankan tugas kedinasan yang telah dipercayakan padanya. Indikator membuat keputusan yang menguntungkan salah satu calon",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 888,
"width": 66,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Jurnal MAKER",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 220,
"top": 888,
"width": 211,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "ISSN : 2502-4434 Vol. 4, No. 2, DESEMBER 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 529,
"top": 888,
"width": 13,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "45",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 153,
"width": 216,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "peserta pemilu berada pada rata-rata 4,23 dengan kriteria sangat baik, disebabkan pegawai membuat keputusan untuk tidak melakukan tindakan yang menguntungkan atau merugikan salah satu pasangan calon peserta pemilu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 211,
"width": 216,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Secara keseluruhan disiplin kerja pegawai memiliki nilai rata-rata 3,96 dengan kriteria baik. Nilai rata-rata disiplin kerja tertinggi sebesar 4,23 dengan kriteria sangat baik berada pada dimensi menjauhi larangan, untuk indikator memiliki barang- barang milik negara secara tidak sah, bertindak sewenang-wenang terhadap bawahan dan membuat keputusan yang menguntungkan salah satu calon peserta pemilu. Nilai rata-rata disiplin kerja terendah sebesar 3,39 dengan kriteria baik berada pada dimensi menjalankan kewajiban, untuk indikator menaati ketentuan jam kerja, memberikan pelayanan yang baik kepada masyarakat dan menaati peraturan kedinasan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 384,
"width": 216,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "b. Gambaran Komunikasi pada Badan Pertahanan Nasional Kantor",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 407,
"width": 75,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Pematangsiantar",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 418,
"width": 217,
"height": 216,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Untuk dimensi komunikasi ke bawah pada indikator memberikan informasi berada pada rata- rata 3,74 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan informasi yang diberikan atasan kepada bawahan dapat dimengerti dengan baik. Indikator memberikan intruksi berada pada rata-rata 3,90 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan pimpinan rutin dalam memberikan instruksi kegiatan kerja yang disampaikan pada saat apel pagi yang diadakan setiap hari. Indikator memberikan arahan berada pada rata-rata 3,77 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan dalam setiap penyelesaian tugas atasan selalu memberikan arahan yang baik kepada bawahannya. Indikator mengkomunikasikan hasil kinerja berada pada rata-rata 3,74 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan pimpinan melakukan komunikasi langsung kepada pegawai dalam menyampaikan hasil kerja yang telah dicapai pegawai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 636,
"width": 216,
"height": 182,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Pada dimensi komunikasi ke atas dengan indikator menyampaikan gagasan berada pada rata- rata 4,19 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan karena pegawai mampu memberikan ide pokok/ gagasan kepada pimpinan pada saat ada pertemuan rapat maupun dalam pelaksanaan tugas di lapangan. Indikator menginformasikan laporan kinerja berada pada rata-rata 4,19 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan pegawai selalu memberitahukan laporan dari hasil kinerja yang dicapai kepada pimpinan secara langsung. Indikator menyampaikan keluhan pekerjaan berada pada rata-rata 3,90 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan pegawai tidak pernah menutupi setiap masalah yang ditemukan dalam pekerjaan dan sesegera mungkin melakukan perundingan dengan pimpinan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 820,
"width": 216,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Pada dimensi komunikasi horizontal dengan indikator memecahkan masalah berada pada rata-rata 3,81 dengan kriteria baik, karena pegawai telah dibekali kemampuan dalam memecahkan setiap masalah yang berhubungan dengan pekerjaan dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 153,
"width": 217,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "cara melakukan perundingan dengan sesama rekan kerja. Indikator kerja sama berada pada rata-rata 4,19 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini dikarenakan pegawai mampu bekerja sama dengan rekan kerjanya dengan baik. Indikator menyampaikan informasi pada rata- rata 4,06 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan pegawai selalu melakukan komunikasi yang baik dengan sesama rekan kerja agar tidak terjadi kesalahan-kesalahan yang fatal dalam menyampaikan informasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 268,
"width": 216,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Pada dimensi komunikasi diagonal dengan indikator kejelasan informasi berada pada rata-rata 4,16 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan walaupun tidak berada dalam satu tim tetapi informasi yang diberikan selalu jelas dan tepat. Indikator memperluas informasi berada pada rata- rata 3,90 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan informasi yang penting terkait pekerjaan diperluas ke rekan kerja yang bukan satu tim dengan cepat. Pada indikator membina hubungan berada pada rata-rata 4,10 dengan kriteria baik. Disebabkan adanya keharmonisan antara sesama rekan yang bukan satu tim untuk bekerja sama yang baik sehingga hubungan rekan kerja yang bukan satu tim menjadi baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 441,
"width": 217,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Secara keseluruhan dapat dilihat bahwa nilai rata-rata komunikasi pada Badan Pertanahan Nasional Kantor Kota Pematangsiantar berada pada nilai rata-rata 3,98 dengan kriteria baik. Kemudian nilai rata-rata tertinggi sebesar 4,19 dengan kriteria baik berada pada dimensi komunikasi ke atas, untuk indikator menyampaikan gagasan, menginformasikan laporan kinerja, dan pada dimensi komunikasi horizontal untuk indikator kerjasama. Sedangkan nilai rata-rata terendah sebesar 3,74 dengan kriteria baik berada pada dimensi komunikasi ke bawah, untuk indikator memberikan informasi dan mengkomunikasikan hasil kinerja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 602,
"width": 217,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "c. Gambaran Kinerja Pegawai pada Badan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 614,
"width": 217,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Pertahanan Nasional Kantor Kota Pematangsiantar Dapat dilihat bahwa dimensi Sasaran Kinerja Pegawai (SKP) dengan indikator",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 660,
"width": 216,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "pertanggungjawaban hasil kerja berada pada rata-rata 4,32 dengan kriteria sangat baik. Hal ini disebabkan setiap pegawai melakukan tugas dan menulis laporannya sendiri sebagai pertanggungjawaban langsung kepada pimpinan. Indikator pencapaian target kerja berada pada rata-rata 4,16 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini dikarenakan pegawai mampu mencapai target kerjanya dengan baik. Indikator tingkat penyelesaian pekerjaan berada pada rata-rata 4,16 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan pegawai mampu menyelesaikan tugasnya dengan tepat waktu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 798,
"width": 217,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Indikator tingkat mutu hasil kerja berada pada rata-rata 4,32 dengan kriteria baik. Dikarenakan pegawai mampu mengerjakan tugasnya dengan hasil yang baik dan tepat waktu. Indikator ketelitian dalam bekerja berada pada rata-rata 4,16 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan pegawai selalu berhati-hati dalam melakukan pekerjaannya agar tidak",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 888,
"width": 66,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Jurnal MAKER",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 220,
"top": 888,
"width": 211,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "ISSN : 2502-4434 Vol. 4, No. 2, DESEMBER 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 529,
"top": 888,
"width": 13,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "46",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 153,
"width": 216,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "menimbulkan permasalahan bagi organisasi. Indikator kerapian dalm bekerja berada pada rata- rata 4,16 dengan kriteria baik, karena pegawai melakukan pekerjaannya dengan sungguh-sungguh dan fokus.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 211,
"width": 216,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Indikator efisiensi waktu dalam pekerjaan berada pada rata-rata 4,32 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan pegawai selalu menghargai waktu dalam bekerja. Indikator menyelesaikan pekerjaan dengan tepat waktu berada pada rata-rata 3,81 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini dikarenakan pegawai tetap fokus dalam menyelesaikan pekerjaannya dan tidak bermalas-malasan pada saat bekerja. Indikator tingkat kehadiran berada pada rata-rata 3,74 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan sebagian besar pegawai mampu hadir pada jam kerja yang telah ditentukan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 349,
"width": 216,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Indikator anggaran yang dibutuhkan berada pada rata-rata 3,81 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan perusahaan telah memberikan anggaran yang sesuai untuk pekerjaan yang diperintahkan kepada pegawai. Indikator biaya yang digunakan berada pada rata-rata 4,16 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan pegawai telah menggunakan biaya sesuai dengan anggaran yang ditetapkan untuk keperluan pekerjaan mereka. Indikator dalam mengalokasikan biaya berada pada rata-rata 4,32 dengan kriteria sangat baik. Hal ini disebabkan pegawai dapat memanfaatkan anggaran yang diberikan dengan baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 498,
"width": 219,
"height": 205,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Pada dimensi Perilaku Kerja (PK) dengan indikator tingkat pelayanan berada pada rata-rata 4,19 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini dikarenakan pegawai negeri sipil (PNS) harus memberikan pelayanan sebaik-baiknya kepada masyarakat berdasarkan peraturan pemerintah. Indikator sikap dan perilaku memberikan pelayanan berada pada rata-rata 4,06 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan pegawai selalu berusaha memberikan pelayanan yang terbaik kepada masyarakat. Indikator kecepatan pelayanan berada pada rata-rata 4,10 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini dikarenakan pegawai selalu cepat dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat sehingga masyarakat tidak kecewa. Indikator tingkat kejujuran pegawai berada pada rata-rata 4,23 dengan kriteria sangat baik, karena pegawai bersikap jujur dalam bekerja ketika didalam kantor dan diluar kantor seperti dilapangan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 705,
"width": 216,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Indikator tingkat keberanian dalam pengambilan resiko berada pada rata-rata 4,19 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini dikarenakan pegawai mampu dan berani mengambil resiko yang ada dalam pekerjaan. Indikator tanggung jawab dalam suatu pekerjaan berada pada rata-rata 4,16 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan pegawai memiliki rasa bertanggung jawab atas kesalahan yang dibuatnya pada saat bekerja. Indikator pencapaian dalam menyelesaikan pekerjaan berada pada rata-rata 4,23 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan pegawai mampu menyelesaikan pekerjaan yang diberikan pimpinan dengan tepat waktu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 855,
"width": 216,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Indikator efesiensi waktu dalam menyelesaikan suatu pekerjaan berada pada rata-rata 3,90 dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 153,
"width": 217,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan pegawai mampu menghargai waktu dalam pekerjaannya. Indikator tingkat kesediaan melakukan pekerjaan tanpa diperintah berada pada rata-rata 4,10 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan pegawai mampu menyelesaikan tugasnya dengan baik tanpa diperintah oleh atasan. Indikator tingkat kehadiran berada pada rata-rata 4,19 dengan kriteria baik. hal ini dikarenakan pegawai selalu hadir dalam bekerja dan mampu menaati ketentuan jam kerja Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 280,
"width": 217,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Indikator tingkat sistem jam kerja berada pada rata-rata 3,39 dengan kriteria cukup baik. Hal ini disebabkan pegawai yang sering telat hadir ketika apel pagi pada jam 07.30 WIB dan pada apel sore pegawai sering malas untuk menghadiri pada jam 16,30 WIB. Indikator respon kepatuhan terhadap aturan berada pada rata-rata 4,19 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini dikarenakan pimpinan tegas dalam memberikan sanksi untuk pegawai yang menyalahi aturan. Indikator kerja sama pegawai berada pada rata-rata 4,23 dengan kriteria sangat baik. Hal ini disebabkan pegawai mampu bekerja sama dengan pegawai yang setara, lebih rendah, ataupun lebih tinggi darinya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 441,
"width": 217,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Indikator saling memberi ide-ide antar pegawai atas tugas yang dibebankan berada pada rata-rata 4,19 dengan kriteria baik, karena pegawai selalu saling tukar pikiran untuk menyelesaikan suatu pekerjaan. Indikator saling berkomunikasi yang baik terhadap sesama pegawai demi kelancaran pekerjaan berada pada rata-rata 4,06 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan pegawai mampu melakukan komunikasi yang baik demi kelancaran suatu pekerjaan. Indikator pimpinan dalam menempatkan posisi pegawai berada pada rata-rata 4,29 dengan kriteria sangat baik, karena pimpinan menempatkan posisi pegawai sesuai bidangnya masing-masing.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 590,
"width": 217,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Indikator kemampuan memimpin berada pada rata-rata 4,19 dengan kriteria baik. Hal ini disebabkan pimpinan mampu memimpin suatu organisasi sehingga organisasi tersebut semakin lebih baik. Indikator kemampuan dalam bekerja sama dengan rekan kerja berada pada rata-rata 4,29 dengan kriteria sangat baik. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya kesadaran pegawai bahwa apabila suatu pekerjaan dilakukan bersama-sama akan lebih baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 694,
"width": 217,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Secara keseluruhan dapat dilihat bahwa nilai rata- rata untuk variabel kinerja pegawai berdasarkan jawaban responden adalah 4,12 dengan kriteria jawaban baik. Nilai rata-rata tertinggi adalah sebesar 4,32 dengan kriteria jawaban sangat baik diperoleh dimensi sasaran kinerja pegawai (SKP) pada indikator pertanggungjawaban hasil kerja, tingkat mutu hasil kerja, efisiensi waktu Efisiensi waktu dalam pekerjaan dan mengalokasikan biaya. Sedangkan nilai rata-rata terendah adalah 3,39 pada dimensi perilaku kerja (PK) pada indikator tingkat sistem jam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 888,
"width": 66,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Jurnal MAKER",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 220,
"top": 888,
"width": 211,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "ISSN : 2502-4434 Vol. 4, No. 2, DESEMBER 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 529,
"top": 888,
"width": 13,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "47",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 153,
"width": 114,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "2. Deskriptif Kuantitatif",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 165,
"width": 128,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "a. Regresi Linear Berganda",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 176,
"width": 216,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Regresi berganda digunakan peneliti dengan maksud untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya pengaruh disiplin kerja dan komunikasi terhadap kinerja pegawai di Badan Pertanahan Indonesia Kota Pematangsiantar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 234,
"width": 216,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": ". Persamaan yang menyatakan bentuk hubungan antara variabel independent (X) variabel dependent (Y) disebut dengan persamaan regresi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 268,
"width": 216,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Adapun persamaan regresi berganda yang dipergunakan adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 291,
"width": 216,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Adapun persamaan regresi berganda yang dipergunakan adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 314,
"width": 217,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Ŷ = b 0 + + ……....................... (Simbolon, 2009:239) Keterangan : Ŷ = Variabel Terikat (Keputusan Pembelian) b 0 = Konstanta b 1 , b 2 = Koefisien Arah Regresi X 1",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 398,
"width": 217,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "= Variabel Bebas 1 ( Disiplin Kerja ) X 2 = Variabel Bebas 2 (Komunikasi) Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data didapat persamaan regresi linier sederhana yaitu: Ŷ=34,319+0,445X 1 +0,638X 2, Artinya terdapat pengaruh yang positif antara disiplin kerja (X 1 ) dan komunikasi (X 2 ) terhadap kinerja pegawai (Y) di PT Badan Pertahanan Indonesia Kota Pematangsiantar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 490,
"width": 170,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "b. Koefisen Korelasi dan Determinasi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 501,
"width": 216,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Analisis distribusi frekuensi jawaban responden menurut skor dari variabel X 1 (disiplin kerja), X 2 (komunikasi) dan Y (kinerja pegawai) dimaksud sebagaimana telah dilakukan, hanyalah bermanfaat untuk memberikan informasi pendahuluan mengenai pola distribusi jawaban responden menurut skor. Selanjutnya, dilakukan perhitungan korelasi berupa derajat atau kedalaman hubungan fungsional yang menjelaskan hubungan antar perubah, dinyatakan dengan yang dinamakan koefisien korelasi yang sering disimbolkan dengan r. Nilai r dapat dihitung menggunakan SPSS Versi 21.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 639,
"width": 217,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Nilai r = 0,826, yang artinya terdapat hubungan yang sangat kuat dan positif antara disiplin kerja , komunikasi dengan kinerja pegawai di PT Badan Pertahanan Indonesia Kota Pematangsiantar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 685,
"width": 216,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Kemudian diperoleh nilai koefisien determinasi R Square = 0,682, artinya tinggi kinerja pegawai di PT Badan Pertahanan Indonesia Kota Pematangsiantar sebesar 68,2% dapat dijelaskan oleh disiplin kerja dan komunikasi sedangkan sisanya 21,8% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain seperti, kompensasi, lingkungan kerja, budaya organsasi, motivasi, etos kerja dan lain-lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 777,
"width": 72,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "c. Uji Hipotesis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 789,
"width": 102,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "1) Uji Simultan (Uji F)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 800,
"width": 217,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Uji F digunakan untuk mengetahui apakah varabel bebas (peran kepemimpinan dan kerjasama tim) berpengaruh terhadap variabel terikat (kinerja pegawai) secara bersama-sama atau simultan. Pengujian ini dilakukan jika F hitung > F tabel atau signifikansi ≤ 0,05 maka H 0 ditolak, artinya disiplin kerja dan komunikasi berpengaruh positif dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 153,
"width": 217,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai di Badan Pertanahan Indonesia Kota Pematangsiantar. Diperoleh nilai F hitung sebesar 29,958 sedangkan F tabel dengan (0,05 ; 2 vs 31) sebesar 3,34, atau dengan signifikan 0,000 < α 0,05, maka H 0 ditolak, artinya disiplin kerja dan komunikasi berpengaruh positip dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai di Badan Pertanahan Indonesia Kota Pematangsiantar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 246,
"width": 77,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Uji Parsial (Uji t)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 257,
"width": 217,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Uji t digunakan untuk menguji variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat secara parsial. Untuk menguji hasil perhitungan regresi dapat dilakukan pengujian hipotesis untuk mengetahui apakah variabel bebas mempunyai pengaruh atau tidak terhadap variabel terikat secara parsial.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 326,
"width": 217,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Diperoleh nilai t hitung pada variabel X 1 (disiplin kerja ) sebesar 3,443 > dari t tabel dengan df = n-k-1 (31-2- 1=28) sebesar 2,048 atau taraf signifikan 0,002 < α 0,05 maka H 0 ditolak, artinya disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai di Badan Pertanahan Indonesia Kota Pematangsiantar. Kemudian nilai t hitung pada variabel X 2 (persepsi konsumen) sebesar 2,445 > dari t tabel dengan df = n-k-1, (31-2-1 = 28) sebesar 2,048 atau taraf signifikan 0,021 < α 0,05, maka H 0 ditolak, artinya komunikasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai di Badan Pertanahan Indonesia Kota Pematangsiantar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 487,
"width": 54,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "3. Evaluasi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 499,
"width": 216,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "a. Disiplin Kerja pada Badan Pertanahan Nasional Kantor Kota Pematangsiantar",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 521,
"width": 216,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Disiplin kerja merupakan salah satu aspek yang harus dimiliki setiap pegawai. Penerapan disiplin pegawai di suatu organisasi akan menciptakan keteraturan dalam bekerja serta tertib dalam segala hal. Pada pegawai Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota Pematangsiantar harus menerapkan disiplin pada diri sendiri, adanya disiplin untuk mengubah suatu perilaku lewat kesadaran dan kesediaan seseorang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 625,
"width": 217,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Dari rekapitulasi jawaban responden mengenai disiplin kerja pada Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota Pematangsiantar sudah baik, namun masih ada beberapa indikator yang berada dibawah nilai rata-rata. Pada indikator mengucapkan sumpah saat menjadi PNS diperoleh nilai 3,81 dengan kriteria baik, cara meningkatkannya pegawai harus lebih bersungguh-sungguh lagi dalam mengucapkan sumpah pada saat mau menjadi PNS. Indikator selanjutnya adalah menaati peraturan perundang-undangan diperoleh nilai 3,81 dengan kriteria baik, Untuk lebih meningkatkan dalam menaati peraturan perundang-undangan pegawai harus lebih memahami lagi aturan yang mengatur setiap tindakan dalam melaksanakan pekerjaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 798,
"width": 216,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Indikator melaksanakan tugas kedinasan diperoleh nilai 3,90 dengan kriteria baik, cara meningkatkannya pimpinan harus memperhatikan pegawai pada saat melaksanakan tugas kedinasan. Pada indikator melaporkan jika mengetahui apabila ada hal yang membahayakan negara diperoleh nilai 3,81 dengan kriteria baik, Hal yang dapat dilakukan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 888,
"width": 66,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Jurnal MAKER",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 220,
"top": 888,
"width": 211,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "ISSN : 2502-4434 Vol. 4, No. 2, DESEMBER 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 529,
"top": 888,
"width": 13,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "48",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 153,
"width": 216,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "untuk meningkatkan indikator ini adalah pegawai harus lebih berani lagi dalam melaporkan hal-hal yang dapat membahayakan negara. Selanjutnya indikator menaati ketentuan jam kerja diperoleh nilai 3,39 dengan kriteria cukup baik, cara mengatasinya pimpinan harus lebih tegas kepada pegawai yang tidak menaati ketentuan jam kerja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 234,
"width": 216,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Indikator memberikan pelayanan yang baik kepada masyarakat diperoleh nilai 3,39 dengan kriteria cukup baik, cara mengatasinya pimpinan harus memberikan arahan kepada pegawai dalam memberikan pelayanan yang baik pada masyarakat. Indikator memberikan kesempatan pada bawahan untuk mengembangkan karir diperoleh nilai 3,81 dengan kriteria baik. Hal yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengembangkan karir adalah dengan cara pegawai harus lebih giat lagi dalam bekerja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 349,
"width": 216,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Selanjutnya indikator menaati peraturan kedinasan diperoleh nilai 3,39 dengan kriteria cukup baik. Cara mengatasinya pemimpin harus lebih tegas dalam meberikan teguran dan hukaman bagi yang tidak menaati peraturan kedinasan. Pada dimensi menjauhi larangan untuk indikator menyalahgunakan wewenang diperoleh nilai 3,90 dengan kriteria baik. Cara mengatasinya paimpinan harus memberikan sanksi kepada pegawai yang menyalahgunakan wewenang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 464,
"width": 216,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Indikator melakukan kegiatan bersama dengan atasan untuk kepentingan pribadi diperoleh nilai 3,74 dengan kriteria baik. Perlunya kesadaran pada diri sendiri untuk tidak melakukan kegiatan dengan atasan demi kepentingan pribadi. Indikator menerima hadiah yang berhubungan dengan jabatan diperoleh nilai 3,81 dengan kriteria baik. Untuk lebih mengatasinya pimpinan harus memberi sanksi kepada pegawai yang menerima hadiah tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 567,
"width": 216,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Indikator melakukan tindakan yang dapat mempersulit pihak yang dilayani diperoleh nilai 3,74 dengan kriteria baik. cara mengatasinya pimpinan harus member teguran kepada pegawai yang mempersulit pihak yang dilayani. Dalam hal ini dapat dilihat bahwa disiplin kerja pada Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional Kota Pematangsiantar sudah dikategorikan baik. Walaupun sudah dikategorikan baik, para pegawai dan pimpinan harus menjauhi larangan dan menjalankan kewajiban yang telah ditentuan oleh peraturan yang ada.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 706,
"width": 216,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "b. Komunikasi Pada Badan Pertanahan Nasional Kantor Kota Pematangsiantar",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 728,
"width": 216,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Pada Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota Pematangsiantar mengoptimalkan komunikasi sebagai upaya menghasilkan kinerja pegawai yang optimal bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi yang tepat, terciptanya keharmonisan sesama pegawai dan agar pegawai mampu bekerjasama dengan baik. Dalam suatu organisasi komunikasi adalah suatu hala yang sangat penting demi terciptanya kesepahaman informasi yang disampaikan. Begitu pula dengan Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota Pematangsiantar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 855,
"width": 216,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Dari rekapitulasi jawaban responden mengenai komunikasi pada Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 153,
"width": 216,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "(BPN) Kota Pematangsiantar sudah baik, namun masih ada beberapa indikator yang berada pada dibawah nilai rata-rata. Pada indikator memberikan informasi diperoleh nilai 3,74 dengan kriteria baik. Untuk lebih meningkatkannya pimpinan harus menyampaikan informasi yang tepat pada pegawai sehingga pegawai dengan mudah memahami apa yang disampaikan. Indikator mengkomunikasikan hasil kinerja diperoleh nilai 3,74 dengan kriteria baik. Cara meningkatkannya pimpinan harus sering melakukan komunikasi langsung kepada pegawai dalam menyampaikan hasil kerja yang dicapai pegawai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 303,
"width": 217,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Selanjutnya pada indikator memecahkan masalah diperoleh nilai 3,81 dengan kriteria baik. Dalam hal ini komunikasi antar pegawai sudah baik terlihat dari mereka saling membantu antar pegawai dalam menyelesaikan suatu masalah pekerjaan, namun pegawai perlu lebih meningkatkan keakraban agar tercipta suasana kerja yang nyaman sehingga komunikasi dapat berjalan lancar. Dalam hal ini dapat dilihat bahwa komunikasi pegawai pada Kantor Kementerian Agama Kota Pematangsiantar sudah dikategorikan baik. Walaupun sudah dikategorikan baik, para pegawai dan pimpinan harus menjaga komunikasi dengan baik demi terciptanya kesepahaman informasi yang disampaikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 487,
"width": 216,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "c. Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen di PT Indomarco Prismatama (Indomaret)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 510,
"width": 217,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Kinerja merupakan hasil kerja dan prestasi kerja dalam menyelesaikan tugas atau tanggung jawab seseorang yang diberikan oleh organisasi. Hasil tersebut dapat berupa hasil yang baik maupun buruk. Kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota Pematangsiantar didasarkan pada dimensi Sasaran Kinerja Pegawai (SKP) dan Perilaku Keja (PK). Dari rekapitulasi jawaban responden mengenai kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 625,
"width": 216,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Pematangsiantar dapat dinilai baik, hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai 4,12 yang berkriteria baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 648,
"width": 217,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Dalam mpenelitian kinerja pegawai dari dimensi Sasaran Kinerja Pegawai (SKP) dengan indikator menyelesaikan pekerjaan dengan tepat waktu diperoleh nilai 3,81 dengan kriteria baik. cara mengatasinya dapat dilakukan untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan dengan tepat waktu adalah dengan memberikan teguran langsung pada pegawai yang tidak memanfaatkan waktu kinerjanya untuk menyelesaikan tugas yang dibebankan padanya. Indikator tingkat kehadiran diperoleh nilai 3,74 dengan kriteria baik. Cara meningkatkannya dengan menerapkan peraturan kedisiplinan pegawai negeri sipil sesuai dengan peraturan pemerintahan agar pegawai slalu hadir untuk bekerja.Indikator anggaran yang dibutuhkan diperoleh nilai 3,81 dengan kriteria baik. Cara meningkatkanya pegawai harus menggunakan aggaran sesuai yang dibutuhkannya dengan sebaik mungkin.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 855,
"width": 216,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Pada dimensi Perilaku Kerja (PK) untuk indikator efesiensi waktu dalam menyelesaikan suatu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 888,
"width": 66,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Jurnal MAKER",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 220,
"top": 888,
"width": 211,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "ISSN : 2502-4434 Vol. 4, No. 2, DESEMBER 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 529,
"top": 888,
"width": 13,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "49",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 153,
"width": 216,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "pekerjaan diperoleh nilai 3,90 dengan kriteria baik. cara meningkatkannya pimpinan harus memberikan apresiasi kepada pegawai yang mampu menyelesaikan suatu pekerjaannya dengan baik. Indikator tingkat sistem jam kerja diperoleh nilai 3,39 dengan kriteria cukup baik. Cara mengatasinya pimpinan harus menerapkan peraturan bagi pegawai yang tidak mengikuti apel pagi dan sore agar pegawai dapat mengikuti apel tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 257,
"width": 216,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Dalam hal ini dapat dilihat bahwa kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional Kota Pematangsiantar sudah dikategorikan baik. Walaupun sudah dikategorikan baik, para pegawai dan pimpinan harus meengikuti aturan Sasaran Kinerja Pegawai (SKP), yaitu Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia No. 46 Tahun 2011 tentang penilaian prestasi kerja pegawai negeri sipil. Penilaian prestasi kerja tersebut terdiri dari dua unsur, yaitu Sasaran Kinerja Pegawai (SKP) dan Perilaku Kerja (PK).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 395,
"width": 145,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "D. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 407,
"width": 70,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "1. Kesimpulan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 418,
"width": 217,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Berdasarkan seluruh uraian yang telah dikemukakan dalam bab sebelumnya, maka penulis menarik kesimpulan yaitu sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 452,
"width": 217,
"height": 159,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "1. Hasil analisis deskriptif kualitatif tentang disiplin kerja memiliki nilai rata-rata keseluruhan 3,96 dengan kriteria baik. Nilai rata-rata disiplin kerja tertinggi sebesar 4,23 pada dimensi menjauhi larangan, seperti memiliki barang-barang milik negara secara tidak sah, bertindak sewenang-wenang terhadap bawahan dan membuat keputusan yang menguntungkan salah satu calon peserta pemilu. Nilai rata-rata disiplin kerja terendah sebesar 3,39 pada dimensi menjalankan kewajiban, seperti menaati ketentuan jam kerja, memberikan pelayanan yang baik kepada masyarakat dan menaati peraturan kedinasan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 613,
"width": 216,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "2. Hasil analisis deskriptif kualitatif tentang komunikasi memiliki nilai rata-rata keseluruhan 3,98 dengan kriteria baik. Nilai rata-rata tertinggi sebesar 4,19 pada dimensi komunikasi ke atas, seperti menyampaikan gagasan, menginformasikan laporan kinerja, dan pada dimensi komunikasi horizontal, seperti kerja sama. Nilai rata-rata komunikasi terendah sebesar 3,74 pada dimensi komunikasi ke bawah seperti, mengkomunikasikan hasil kinerja.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 728,
"width": 216,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "3. Hasil analisis deskriptif kualitatif tentang kinerja pegawai memiliki nilai rata-rata keseluruhan 4,12 dengan kriteria baik. Nilai rata-rata tertinggi sebesar 4,32 pada dimensi sasaran kinerja pegawai (SKP) seperti,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 786,
"width": 198,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "pertanggungjawaban hasil kerja, tingkat mutu hasil kerja, efisiensi waktu dalam pekerjaan dan mengalokasikan biaya. Sedangkan nilai rata-rata terendah sebesar 3,39 pada dimensi perilaku kerja (PK) seperti, tingkat sistem jam kerja dalam kegiatan-kegiatan tertentu, misalnya pada saat apel pagi dan sore.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 153,
"width": 217,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "4. Hasil analisis regresi diperoleh persamaan berikut: Ŷ= 34,319 + 0,445X 1 + 0,638X 2 artinya terdapat pengaruh yang positif antara disiplin kerja (X 1 ) dan komunikasi (X 2 ) terhadap kinerja pegawai (Y) pada Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota Pematangsiantar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 222,
"width": 217,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "5. Hasil analisis koefisien korelasi diperoleh nilai (r)= 0,826 yang artinya terdapat hubungan yang sangat kuat dan positif antara disiplin kerja dan komunikasi terhadap kinerja pegawai Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota Pematangsiantar sesuai dengan kriteria koefisien korelasi pada tabel 5. Kemudian diperoleh nilai koefisien determinasi (R)= 0,682 artinya tinggi rendahnya kinerja pegawai dapat dijelaskan sebesar 68,2% oleh disiplin kerja dan komunikasi, selebihnya 31,8% dijelaskan oleh faktor-faktor lain seperti motivasi, kompensasi, lingkungan kerja, kinerja, komunikasi dan faktor-faktor lain yang tidak dibahas dalam penelitian ini.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 395,
"width": 217,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "6. Hasil pengujian hipotesis diperoleh F hitung sebesar 29,958 > F tabel (0,05; 2;28) sebesar 3,34 atau dengan taraf signifikansi 0,000 < α= 0,05 maka H 0 ditolak, artinya disiplin kerja dan komunikasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota Pematangsiantar.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 487,
"width": 217,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "7. Hasil analisis perkiraan nilai variabel disiplin kerja diperoleh t hitung sebesar 3,443 > t tabel dengan df = n-k-1 (31–2–1= 28) sebesar 2,048, atau dengan taraf signifikansi 0,002 < α= 0,05 maka H 0 ditolak, artinya disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota Pematangsiantar. Sedangkan t hitung pada variabel Komunikasi (X 2 ) sebesar 2,445 > t tabel dengan df = n-k-1 (31–2–1= 28) sebesar 2,048, atau dengan taraf signifikansi 0,021 < α= 0,05 maka H 0 ditolak, artinya komunikasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Badan Pertanahan Nasional Kantor Kota Pematangsiantar.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 660,
"width": 46,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "2. Saran",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 671,
"width": 217,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Berdasarkan kesimpulan di atsa, maka perlu dikemukakan beberapa saran yang dapat berguna bagi perusahaan yaitu sebagi berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 705,
"width": 216,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "1. Untuk meningkatkan disiplin kerja pada Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota Pematangsiantar sebaiknya pemimpin lebih tegas memberikan sanksi seadil-adilnya bagi siapa saja yang melanggar aturan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 763,
"width": 217,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "2. Untuk meningkatkan komunikasi pada Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota Pematangsiantar, pimpinan maupun para bawahan harus selalu berusaha menciptakan hubungan baik agar dapat terciptanya lingkungan kerja yang kondusif.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 832,
"width": 216,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "3. Untuk meningkatkan kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 855,
"width": 199,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Pematangsiantar sebaiknya pimpinan menerapkan peraturan kedisiplinan pegawai",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 888,
"width": 66,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Jurnal MAKER",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 220,
"top": 888,
"width": 211,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "ISSN : 2502-4434 Vol. 4, No. 2, DESEMBER 2018",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 529,
"top": 888,
"width": 13,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "50",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 153,
"width": 198,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "negeri sipil sesuai dengan peraturan pemerintahan agar pegawai hadir untuk bekerja dan menerapkan peraturan bagi pegawai yang tidak mengikuti apel pagi dan sore.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 199,
"width": 216,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "4. Sehubungan dengan keterbatasan yang ada pada penulis, penelitian ini terdapat kelemahan- kelemahan dan belum dapat mengungkapkan seluruh variabel yang dapat mempengaruhi kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) Kota Pematangsiantar. Sebagai bahan masukan untuk penelitian selanjutnya, perlu memperbanyak variabel penelitian, seperti motivasi, kompensasi, lingkungan kerja dan lain-lain yang tidak dibuat dalam penelitian ini.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 338,
"width": 112,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "E. DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 360,
"width": 217,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Dewi, Sutrisna. 2007. Komunikasi Bisnis . Edisi pertama. Yogyakarta: Andi. Gomes, Faustino Cardoso. 2003. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia . Yogyakarta:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 406,
"width": 217,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Andi. Handoko, T. Hani. 2009. Manajemen . Edisi Kedua. Yogyakarta: BPFE. Mangkunegara, A. A. Anwar Prabu. 2001. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Perusahaan . Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya Offset. Mondy, Wayne R. 2008. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia . Jakarta: Erlangga. Noe, A. Raymond, John et. al. 2010. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia . Jakarta: Salemba Empat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 153,
"width": 217,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Purwanto, Djoko. 2006. Komunikasi Bisnis . Jakarta: Erlangga.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 188,
"width": 217,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Rivai, Veithzal. 2005. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Untuk Perusahaan dari Teeori ke Praktik . Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 234,
"width": 217,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Saydam, Gouzali. 2000. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia (Human Resources Management) . Jakarta: Djambatan. Simbolon, Hotman. 2009. Statistika. Edisi Pertama.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 364,
"top": 280,
"width": 103,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 291,
"width": 217,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 1008,
"text": "Sutrisno, DR. Edy. 2009. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia . Edisi Pertama. Jakarta: Kencana.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
646c1ea3-dd3f-3291-90ee-5c72bf8c6d8c | https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JAKI/article/download/38372/23562 | [
{
"left": 72,
"top": 798,
"width": 101,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "From Hospital Readiness...",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 798,
"width": 16,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "280",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 453,
"top": 798,
"width": 71,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Engineer, Dhamanti",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 38,
"width": 171,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesian Journal of Health Administration",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 392,
"top": 48,
"width": 133,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia) p-ISSN 2303-3592, e-ISSN 2540-9301 10.20473/jaki.v10i2.2022.280-285",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 40,
"width": 95,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Commentary Article",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 88,
"width": 454,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "FROM HOSPITAL READINESS TO PATIENT SAFETY: BUILDING LEADERSHIP CAPACITY FOR PATIENT SAFETY IN INDONESIA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 161,
"width": 456,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari Kesiapsiagaan Rumah Sakit hingga Keselamatan Pasien: Membangun Kapasitas Kepemimpinan untuk Keselamatan Pasien di Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 207,
"width": 367,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "*Cyrus Y Engineer 1 , Inge Dhamanti 2,3 1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, United States",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 230,
"width": 124,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 La Trobe University, Australia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 241,
"width": 237,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3 Faculty of Public Health Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia Correspondence *: Address: 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, United States | e-mail: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 298,
"width": 48,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 322,
"width": 454,
"height": 100,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had an influence on patient safety and quality of care. A research undertaken in numerous countries found a deterioration in the quality of care during the pandemic. Leaders can improve patient safety in any circumstances, pandemic or not, by building a safety culture, reacting to patient and staff concerns, supporting safety activities, and tracking progress. Good leadership is essential to the success of patient safety programs and improving patient safety. Leaders must first establish strategic priorities and plans for culture and infrastructure that will aid in increasing patient safety. They must also actively inquire about patient safety situations and regularly examine patient safety data. Leaders must also collect data in order to foster a culture of patient safety. It is also critical to ensure that adequate infrastructure is available to support safety activities. Leaders have an important role in establishing the optimal methods for enhancing patient safety. Measures and improvement actions are rarely carried out in many nations; thus, leaders must ensure and encourage quality and safety development. Leadership commitment is the foundation for both pandemic and non-pandemic safety and quality improvement. Patient safety recommendations frameworks can help leaders improve patient safety in their organizations.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 433,
"width": 205,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords : leadership capacity, patient safety, pandemic",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 461,
"width": 44,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 486,
"width": 454,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pandemi Covid-19 berdampak pada keselamatan pasien dan kualitas perawatan. Penelitian yang dilakukan di berbagai negara menemukan penurunan kualitas perawatan selama pandemi. Seorang pemimpin dapat meningkatkan keselamatan pasien dalam keadaan apa pun, pandemi atau tidak, dengan membangun budaya keselamatan, menanggapi kekhawatiran pasien dan staf, mendukung aktivitas keselamatan, dan mengacu pada kemajuan. Kepemimpinan yang baik sangat penting untuk keberhasilan program keselamatan pasien dan meningkatkan keselamatan pasien. Pemimpin pertama-tama harus menetapkan prioritas dan rencana strategis untuk budaya dan infrastruktur yang akan membantu meningkatkan keselamatan pasien. Mereka juga harus secara aktif menanyakan tentang situasi keselamatan pasien dan secara teratur memeriksa data keselamatan pasien. Pimpinan juga harus mengumpulkan data untuk menumbuhkan budaya keselamatan pasien. Penting juga untuk memastikan bahwa infrastruktur yang memadai tersedia untuk mendukung kegiatan keselamatan. Pemimpin memiliki peran penting dalam membangun metode yang optimal untuk meningkatkan keselamatan pasien. Evaluasi dan tindakan perbaikan jarang dilakukan di banyak negara. Oleh karena itu, para pemimpin harus memastikan dan mendorong pengembangan kualitas dan keamanan. Komitmen kepemimpinan adalah dasar untuk peningkatan keselamatan dan kualitas pandemi dan non- pandemi. Kerangka kerja rekomendasi keselamatan pasien dapat membantu pemimpin meningkatkan keselamatan pasien di organisasi mereka.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 623,
"width": 246,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci : kapasitas kepemimpinan, keselamatan pasien, pandemi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 695,
"width": 346,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesian Journal of Health Administration ( Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia ) p-ISSN 2303-3592, e-ISSN 2540-9301, Volume 10 No.2 2022, DOI: 10.20473/jaki.v10i2.2022.280-285 Received: 2022-05-27, Revised: 2022-09-10, Accepted: 2022-10-31, Published: 2022-12-09. Published by Universitas Airlangga in collaboration with Perhimpunan Sarjana dan Profesional Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (Persakmi) . Copyright (c) 2022 Cyrus Y Engineer, Inge Dhamanti This is an Open Access (OA) article under the CC BY-SA 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). How to cite :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 739,
"width": 386,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Engineer, C. Y. and Dhamanti, I. (2022) “From Hospital Readiness to Patient Safety: Building Leadership Capacity for Patient Safety in Indonesia”, Indonesian Journal of Health Administration , 10(2). pp. 280–285. doi: 10.20473/jaki.v10i2.2022.280-285.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 798,
"width": 101,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "From Hospital Readiness...",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 798,
"width": 16,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "281",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 453,
"top": 798,
"width": 71,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Engineer, Dhamanti",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 38,
"width": 171,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesian Journal of Health Administration",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 392,
"top": 48,
"width": 131,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 429,
"top": 57,
"width": 96,
"height": 5,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN 2303-3592, e-ISSN 2540-9301",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 440,
"top": 65,
"width": 83,
"height": 5,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "10.20473/jaki.v10i2.2022.280-285",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 40,
"width": 95,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Commentary Article",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 87,
"width": 67,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Introduction",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 116,
"width": 211,
"height": 243,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Our recently published article (Dhamanti et al. , 2022) examined the impact of hospital preparedness on patient safety incidents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia using health worker perceptions. The results indicated that hospital ownership and accreditation improved hospital readiness to treat higher volumes and surge capacity, but not patient safety incidents, which continued to occur regardless of accreditation or ownership status. Health professionals frequently reported delays in treatments, errors in treatments, records, tests, patient identification, incorrect patient discharge information, and insufficient patient follow- up following diagnostic tests.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 364,
"width": 212,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Although one could argue against using health worker perceptions due to problems with recall, bias, self-selection, etc., perceptions can reflect reality and serve as good surrogates for administrative data captured in patient charts. Another study demonstrated that people's judgments or perceptions tend to reflect their actual qualities (Wessels et al ., 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 495,
"width": 211,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The local conditions to which employees are directly exposed are likely to influence their perceptions (Jepsen and Rousseau, 2022). Culture and climate research has demonstrated that frontline employees' perceptions are frequently accurate, and formal research tends to confirm this. The perceptions of employees were tied to their experiences (Peyton and Zigarmi, 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 625,
"width": 211,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Providing timely access to clinical care during pandemics is crucial; it is not sufficient to simply reduce the burden of unsafe care. In the United States, the Institute of Medicine provides six domains for quality (Institute of Medicine, 2001). Care needs to be safe, timely, effective, efficient, equitable and patient-centered. Furthermore, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality said there were five",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 87,
"width": 211,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "domains for clinical quality measures, including process, access, outcome, structure, and patient experience (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2018). During crisis phases of pandemics, care provision is frequently prioritized over other domains, and arguably for good reason. During a pandemic, is it possible to achieve a balance between these domains?",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 233,
"width": 212,
"height": 184,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The findings of a study conducted in Italy indicated a decline in the quality of care, particularly during the pandemic (Golinelli et al ., 2022). Another European study demonstrates that the quality of healthcare services decreased during the pandemic (Tuczyńska et al ., 2022). There is also a decline in quality of care in developing nations. A study conducted in Brazil shows that, when compared to the previous year, the quality of care indicators showed a significant worsening during the COVID-19 pandemic (Foppa et al ., 2022).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 422,
"width": 211,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Developing countries face numerous obstacles, including a lack of healthcare workers, a rise in turnover, and an increase in ICU complexity due to changes in case- mix (Salluh, Lisboa and Bozza, 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 509,
"width": 62,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Discussion",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 538,
"width": 212,
"height": 228,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Leaders can improve patient safety in any circumstances, pandemic or not, by building a safety culture, reacting to patient and staff concerns, supporting safety activities, and tracking progress (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2019). Leaders must manage and develop a wide range of innovative problem-solving solutions in order to keep their business functioning and patients safe and well- cared for (Kaul, Shah and El-Serag, 2020). Leader support is critical during the COVID-19 pandemic in order to implement an adequate crisis management approach (Dirani et al ., 2020). Leaders can also strengthen organizational resilience during",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 798,
"width": 101,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "From Hospital Readiness...",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 798,
"width": 16,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "282",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 453,
"top": 798,
"width": 71,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Engineer, Dhamanti",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 38,
"width": 171,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesian Journal of Health Administration",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 392,
"top": 48,
"width": 133,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia) p-ISSN 2303-3592, e-ISSN 2540-9301 10.20473/jaki.v10i2.2022.280-285",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 40,
"width": 95,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Commentary Article",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 87,
"width": 211,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "the pandemic by learning from individual workers' anticipatory, coping, and recovery techniques (Rangachari and Woods, 2020). Patient safety leadership capacity aids in mitigating COVID-19 perceived threats. (Irshad, Majeed and Khattak, 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 189,
"width": 212,
"height": 461,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "What is required to make this happen? As a CEO/Executive, where do I begin? In this post, we suggest that good leadership is essential to the success of patient safety programs. A broad guideline is needed on the responsibilities of boards and senior management, as well as initiatives they may take to prioritize patient safety and institutionalize safety. The Institute of Healthcare Improvement (Botwinick, Bisognano and Haraden, 2006) has vast experience and success advising organizations on how to increase patient safety. The Institute for Patient Safety & Quality emphasizes three critical leadership characteristics for developing a patient safety culture in a local organization: communication, co-creation, and conflict resolution are all important. (Tan et al ., 2019). Leaders frequently have strong intentions to prioritize patient safety, but they may be sidetracked by other pressing issues or a lack of understanding or a framework. In the table below, we present a high-level overview of the eight stages recommended by IHI for leaders to achieve high reliability and develop sustainable patient safety initiatives. We will next elaborate on the first and most important step (Step 1), which serves as the foundation for subsequent steps. Step 1 : Address Strategic Priorities,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 654,
"width": 172,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Culture, and Infrastructure Step 2 : Engage Key Stakeholders Step 3 : Communicate and Build",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 698,
"width": 214,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Awareness Step 4 : Establish, Oversee and Communicate System-Level Aims Step 5 : Track/Measure Performance Over Time, Strengthen Analysis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 87,
"width": 214,
"height": 214,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Step 6: Support Staff and Patients/Families Impacted by Medical Errors Step 7: Align System-Wide Activities and Incentives Step 8: Redesign Systems and Improve Reliability Step 1 demands leaders to focus on patient safety strategic priorities, culture, and infrastructure, as well as: a) establish patient safety as a strategic priority; b) evaluate organizational culture; c) create a culture that promotes patient safety; d) address organizational infrastructure; and e) learn about patient safety and ways to enhance it.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 305,
"width": 183,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Leaders, in our experience, must do",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 320,
"width": 211,
"height": 243,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "\"more\" to position safety as a top strategic priority. Patient safety is frequently viewed as just another accreditation criterion for executives to check off, a passive or reactive strategy. Safety must be included not only in the strategy plan, but also prominently on the Board and Executive agendas. Leaders must spend time visiting employees and inquiring about safety concerns, incorporating patient safety into staff orientations, developing and reviewing safety data and dashboards, encouraging safety projects, and attempting to link executive remuneration to patient safety improvements. Patient safety objectives and goals must be clearly defined, along with action plans and accountability.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 567,
"width": 212,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "It is critical to assess organizational culture. Organizations must provide the right environment for safety procedures to thrive. To put it simply, a \"just culture\" is required for healthcare workers to feel comfortable and to \"speak up.\" Creating a \"fair culture\" necessitates leadership dedication and patience. There are several surveys available to examine safety culture and, to develop the desired culture, organizations must use these data and take relevant measures.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 742,
"width": 212,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "One of the assumptions that CEOs and leaders frequently make is that",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 798,
"width": 101,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "From Hospital Readiness...",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 798,
"width": 16,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "283",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 453,
"top": 798,
"width": 71,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Engineer, Dhamanti",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 38,
"width": 171,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesian Journal of Health Administration (Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 429,
"top": 57,
"width": 96,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN 2303-3592, e-ISSN 2540-9301 10.20473/jaki.v10i2.2022.280-285",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 40,
"width": 95,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Commentary Article",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 87,
"width": 211,
"height": 316,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "appropriate infrastructure for patient safety exists. Organizational adjustments are required for safety activities to enable data gathering, analysis, reports, and decision- making. In the United States, Patient Safety Officers (PSO) often report to the CEO, COO, Chief Medical Officer, or other C-Suite executives. Other personnel, including such as epidemiologists, statisticians, human factors experts, patient safety trainers, and so on, must assist the PSO. A patient safety committee that meets on a regular basis and evaluates patient safety issues throughout the organization is necessary, but it is not sufficient because these are primarily advisory in nature. Some businesses have cross-functional \"safety action teams\" that meet monthly to discuss and resolve safety issues. To institutionalize patient safety, leaders should review their infrastructure and make proper budgetary allocations.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 407,
"width": 183,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "\"Learning about patient safety",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 422,
"width": 211,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "methods and improvement\" is the final step in laying the groundwork. Leaders must become familiar with patient safety and process improvement literature. Several resources are accessible, including those from the IHI and AHRQ, among others. It is critical to understand patient safety definitions and improvement approaches in order to drive change. Leaders must also be skilled at implementing change, and a review of various change management frameworks may be beneficial.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 596,
"width": 211,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Learning about patient safety measures and improvement at the hospital level is barely implemented in many countries. As a result, leaders must encourage and support the everyday implementation of safety and quality improvement techniques at hospital level. There is still a lack of understanding that learning about patient safety measures and enhancing them is an investment for the organization. This is one of the areas that",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 87,
"width": 211,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "need to be prioritized in research and practice.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 131,
"width": 63,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Conclusion",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 160,
"width": 212,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "To conclude, a focus on quality and patient safety, whether during a pandemic or otherwise, begins with leaderships’ commitment to making safety and quality a strategic priority and laying a strong foundation. Leaders can take several concrete steps to develop, implement and sustain these programs. The Institute of Health Care Improvement (IHI) framework is one approach that leaders can take to institutionalize patient safety.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 334,
"width": 62,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "References",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 364,
"width": 211,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2019. Leadership Role in Improving Safety . [online] Available at:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 422,
"width": 170,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "<https://psnet.ahrq.gov/primer/lead ership-role-improving-safety>",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 451,
"width": 145,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[Accessed 21 October 2022].",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 465,
"width": 211,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Agency for Healthcare Research and",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 480,
"width": 176,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Quality, R.M., 2018. NQMC Measure Domain Definitions . [online] Available at: <https://www.ahrq.gov/gam/summ aries/domain-",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 553,
"width": 175,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "definitions/index.html> [Accessed 20 October 2022].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 582,
"width": 211,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Botwinick, L., Bisognano, M. and Haraden,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 596,
"width": 176,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "C., 2006. Leadership Guide to",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 611,
"width": 176,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Patient Safety . [online] Cambridge, Massachusetts. Available at: www.ihi.org [Accessed",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 654,
"width": 211,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dhamanti, I., Indriani, D., Miftahussurur,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 669,
"width": 175,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "M., Kurniawati, E. and Engineer, C.Y., 2022. Impact of hospital readiness on patient safety incidents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia: health worker perceptions. BMJ Open , [online] 12(7), p.e061702.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 798,
"width": 101,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "From Hospital Readiness...",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 798,
"width": 16,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "284",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 453,
"top": 798,
"width": 71,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Engineer, Dhamanti",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 38,
"width": 171,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesian Journal of Health Administration",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 392,
"top": 48,
"width": 133,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia) p-ISSN 2303-3592, e-ISSN 2540-9301 10.20473/jaki.v10i2.2022.280-285",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 40,
"width": 95,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Commentary Article",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 87,
"width": 158,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen- 2022-061702 [Accessed",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 116,
"width": 211,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dirani, K.M., Abadi, M., Alizadeh, A.,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 131,
"width": 175,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Barhate, B., Garza, R.C., Gunasekara, N., Ibrahim, G. and Majzun, Z., 2020. Leadership competencies and the essential role",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 189,
"width": 134,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "of human resource",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 204,
"width": 175,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "development in times of crisis: a response to Covid-19 pandemic.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 233,
"width": 175,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Human Resource Development",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 247,
"width": 175,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International , 23(4), pp.380–394. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2 020.1780078",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 291,
"width": 211,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Foppa, L., Alessi, J., Nemetz, B., de Matos, R., Telo, G.H. and Schaan, B.D., 2022. Quality of care in patients with type 1 diabetes during the",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 349,
"width": 175,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "COVID-19 pandemic: a cohort",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 364,
"width": 175,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "study from Southern Brazil. Diabetology and Metabolic Syndrome , 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098- 022-00845-6",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 436,
"width": 211,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Golinelli, D., Sanmarchi, F., Capodici, A.,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 451,
"width": 175,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gribaudo, G., Altini, M., Rosa, S., Esposito, F., Fantini, M.P. and Lenzi, J., 2022. Variations of the quality of care during the COVID-19 pandemic affected the mortality rate of non-COVID-19 patients with hip fracture. PLoS ONE , 17(2 February).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 567,
"width": 167,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pon e.0263944",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 596,
"width": 211,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Institute of Medicine (IOM), 2001. Crossing the Quality Chasm, A New Health System for the 21st Century . [online] Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/10027 Irshad, M., Majeed, M. and Khattak, S.A., 2021. The Combined Effect of Safety Specific Transformational Leadership and Safety Consciousness on Psychological",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 756,
"width": 175,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Well-Being of Healthcare Workers.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 87,
"width": 175,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Frontiers in Psychology , 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021. 688463",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 131,
"width": 211,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jepsen, D.M. and Rousseau, D.M., 2022.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 145,
"width": 176,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perceived evidence use:",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 160,
"width": 176,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Measurement and construct validation of managerial evidence use as perceived by subordinates. PLoS ONE , 17(4 April). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pon e.0266894",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 247,
"width": 211,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kaul, V., Shah, V.H. and El-Serag, H., 2020. Leadership During Crisis: Lessons and Applications from the COVID-19 Pandemic . Gastroenterology , 159(3), pp.809-",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 320,
"width": 170,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "812. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.202 0.04.076",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 364,
"width": 212,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peyton, T. and Zigarmi, D., 2021. Employee perceptions of their work environment, work passion, and work intentions: A replication study using three samples. BRQ Business Research Quarterly . https://doi.org/10.1177/234094442 11002210",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 480,
"width": 211,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rangachari, P. and Woods, J.L., 2020.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 495,
"width": 175,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Preserving organizational",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 509,
"width": 175,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "resilience, patient safety, and staff retention during covid-19 requires a holistic consideration of the psychological safety of healthcare workers. International Journal of Environmental",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 582,
"width": 175,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Research and Public Health , 17(12), p.4267",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 351,
"top": 611,
"width": 170,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124 267",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 315,
"top": 640,
"width": 212,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Salluh, J.I.F., Lisboa, T. and Bozza, F.A., 2020. Challenges for the care delivery for critically ill COVID-19 patients in developing countries: The Brazilian perspective . Critical Care , 24 (593). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054- 020-03278-7",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 798,
"width": 101,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "From Hospital Readiness...",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 292,
"top": 798,
"width": 16,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "285",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 453,
"top": 798,
"width": 71,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Engineer, Dhamanti",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 38,
"width": 171,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesian Journal of Health Administration",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 392,
"top": 48,
"width": 133,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia) p-ISSN 2303-3592, e-ISSN 2540-9301 10.20473/jaki.v10i2.2022.280-285",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 40,
"width": 95,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Commentary Article",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 87,
"width": 211,
"height": 141,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tan, K.H., Pang, N.L., Siau, C., Foo, Z. and Fong, K.Y., 2019. Building an organizational culture of patient safety. Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management , 24(6), pp.253–261. https://doi.org/10.1177/251604351 9878979 Tuczyńska, M., Staszewski, R., Matthews- Kozanecka, M., Żok, A. and Baum,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 233,
"width": 175,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E., 2022. Quality of the Healthcare Services During COVID-19 Pandemic in Selected European Countries . Frontiers in Public Health , 10, p/",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 291,
"width": 175,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "870314. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 320,
"width": 40,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "870314",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 334,
"width": 211,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wessels, N.M., Zimmermann, J., Biesanz,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 349,
"width": 175,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "J.C. and Leising, D., 2020. Differential associations of knowing and liking with accuracy and positivity bias in person perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 118(1), pp.149–171. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp00002 18",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
c5f6f73a-bfdd-a29b-ab44-b3f21bd0dfdd | https://ejournal.itn.ac.id/index.php/jati/article/download/3796/2837 | [
{
"left": 72,
"top": 44,
"width": 190,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JATI (Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 406,
"top": 46,
"width": 123,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 5 No. 2, September 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 774,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "435",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 110,
"top": 89,
"width": 379,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SISTEM KEAMANAN PINTU KAMAR KOS MENGGUNAKAN FACE RECOGNITION DENGAN TELEGRAM SEBAGAI MEDIA MONITORING DAN CONTROLLING",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 132,
"top": 142,
"width": 334,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Erviansyah Fadly, Suryo Adi Wibowo, Agung Panji Sasmito Program Studi Teknik Informatika S1, Fakultas Teknologi Industri Institut Teknologi Nasional Malang, Jalan Raya Karanglo km 2 Malang, Indonesia [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 199,
"width": 48,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 223,
"width": 456,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tindak kejahatan pencurian akhir – akhir ini banyak dijumpai di masyarakat. Terlebih lagi dengan adanya pandemi Covid-19 sering terjadi pencurian khususnya di lingkungan kos karena sudah lama tidak ditinggali oleh pemiliknya, dan juga keamanan dari pintu kamar kos yang relatif rendah ditambah lagi tidak adanya penjagaan seperti kamera pengawas yang dipasang diarea kos. Dengan banyaknya kasus tersebut membuat penghuni kamar kos merasa tidak tenang dengan kondisi kamar yang ditinggalkan. Face recognition merupakan salah satu teknik pengenalan wajah yang sama seperti sidik jari dan retina mata, dimana hasil tangkapan kamera akan dicocokkan dengan tekstur lekuk wajah yang sudah ada. Oleh karena itu, melalui penelitian ini bermaksut untuk membuat sebuah smarthome dengan ditambah sistem monitoring yang dirancang untuk memantau dari jarak jauh dan meminimalisir tindak pencurian. Setelah dilakukan pengujian pada penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah perangkat keras maupun perangkat lunak pada program yang telah dibuat, sistem monitoring melalui aplikasi telegram dapat menunjukan bahwa notifikasi berhasil terkirim dengan waktu respon 6 – 8 detik. Pada pengujian perangkat keras didapatkan bahwa sensor ultrasonic menunjukan tingkat keakuratan untuk mendeteksi hingga 89%, berdasarkan pengujian pada ESP32-CAM dapat mendeteksi wajah dengan tingkat keakuratan hingga 90%, adapun pengujian pada sensor RFID sebagaimana diperuntukan bilamana ESP32-CAM mengalami kegagalan sistem, sensor RFID dapat mendeteksi E-KTP sangat baik dengan tingkat keakuratan 100%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 407,
"width": 305,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci : Face Recognition, ESP32-CAM, Telegram, Internet of Things",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 430,
"width": 231,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. PENDAHULUAN Kost adalah tinggal di rumah orang lain tanpa makan, dengan membayar setiap bulannya (Poerwadarminta, 2003). Rumah kos merupakan salah satu tempat hunian yang identik dengan mahasiswa baru yang sedang menempuh pendidikan jauh dari kampung halaman. Mahasiswa baru biasanya akan tinggal di sebuah salah satu rumah di masyarakat yang menyediakan sebuah kamar yang memang khusus disewakan bagi mahasiswa baru yang ingin menyewa selama menempuh pendidikan (Rosadi dan Andriawan, 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 568,
"width": 226,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tindak kejahatan pencurian akhir – akhir ini banyak dijumpai di masyarakat (Suharyoso, 2014). Terlebih lagi dengan adanya pandemi Covid-19 sering terjadi pencurian khususnya di lingkungan kos karena sudah lama tidak ditinggali oleh pemiliknya. Para pencuri memanfaatkan momen tersebut dengan sangat mudah mencuri barang berharga dari sang pemilik kamar karena keamanan dari pintu kamar kos yang relatif rendah dan ditambah lagi tidak adanya penjagaan seperti kamera pengawas yang dipasang diarea kos. Dengan banyaknya kasus tersebut membuat penghuni kamar kos merasa tidak tenang dengan kondisi kamar yang ditinggalkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 717,
"width": 223,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Face recognition merupakan salah satu teknik pengenalan wajah yang sama seperti sidik jari dan retina mata, dimana hasil tangkapan kamera akan dicocokkan dengan tekstur lekuk wajah yang sudah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 430,
"width": 226,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ada. (Aryani, dkk 2017). Oleh karena itu, dengan adanya teknik tersebut perlu adanya inovasi yang dapat diterapkan pada masalah terkait keamanan kamar agar lebih dimudahkan dengan bantuan teknologi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 487,
"width": 232,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Satu konsep yang dapat diterapkan dalam sistem keamanan adalah Internet of Things (IoT) . Internet of Things merupakan salah satu teknologi yang erat hubunganya dengan revolusi industri 4.0 ini seperti kesehatan, rumah, pertanian dan industri lainnya (Rauf, 2018). Dengan adanya IoT , kegiatan manusia seperti memantau keamanan kamar dapat di laksanakan secara jarak jauh. Oleh karena itu, melalui penelitian ini bermaksut untuk membuat sebuah smarthome dengan ditambah sistem monitoring yang dirancang untuk memantau dari jarak jauh dan meminimalisir tindak pencurian. Berdasarkan pemaparan tersebut, peneliti berinovasi dengan menggagas penelitian terkait Sistem Keamanan Pintu Kamar Kos Menggunakan Face Recognition Dengan Telegram Sebagai Media Monitoring Dan Controlling.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 694,
"width": 118,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 706,
"width": 112,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.1. Penelitian Terdahulu",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 717,
"width": 231,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peneliti Rahmadhan, (2020). Dalam judul “Rancang Bangun Akses Kunci Pintu Gerbang Indekos Menggunakan E-KTP (Elektronik Kartu Tanda Penduduk) Berbasis Mikrokontroller”,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 44,
"width": 190,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JATI (Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 406,
"top": 46,
"width": 123,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 5 No. 2, September 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 786,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "436",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 78,
"width": 229,
"height": 300,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sistem keamanan pada pintu gerbang indekos. Penelitian ini menghasilkan suatu alat yang dapat meningkatkan keamanan pada akses gerbang masuk kos dengan menggunakan E-KTP untuk akses masuknya. Alat ini dirancang layaknya fitur NFC ( Near Field Communication ), dengan memanfaatkan sensor RFID untuk memindai E-KTP, E-KTP tersebut sebagai alat ganti NFC untuk mengakses Selenoid DoorLock agar pintu gerbang kos dapat terbuka, terdapat Buzzer sebagai notifikasi peringatan dan LCD sebagai alat monitoring jika auntetikasi tidak berhasil. Penelitian Wibowo, dkk (2019). Dalam judul “Ruang Kuliah Pintar Pemantau Tingkat Efektivitas Pembelajaran Yang Dapat Mendeteksi Mahasiswa Bosan Dan Mengantuk” , penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memonitoring tingkat efektifitas pembelajaran dengan mendeteksi ekspresi wajah mahasiswa yang terlihat bosan dan mengantuk. Penelitian ini menghasilkan suatu alat yang juga dilengkapi dengan sistem presensi menggunakan RFID. Alat ini juga berbasiskan Internet of Things, yang artinya data presensi yang sudah dimasuk dapat dilihat secara realtime oleh guru, siswa dan bahkan orang tua, sehingga presensi dapat dipantau dari mana saja dan kapan saja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 377,
"width": 230,
"height": 392,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian Setiawan dan Purnamasari, (2019). Dalam judul “Pengembangan Smart Home dengan Microcontrollers ESP32 Dan MC-38 Door Magnetic Switch Sensor Berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) Untuk Meningkatkan Deteksi Dini Keamanan Perumahan”, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun sistem keamanan pada perumahan pada saat ditinggal oleh penghuninya. Penelitian ini menghasilkan suatu alat yang dapat mendeteksi dini suatu aksi pencurian pada rumah atau jendela berhasil didobrak secara paksa maka secara otomatis sistem pada alat ini mengirimkan suatu hasil foto. Alat ini di rancang dan diprogram melalui Arduino IDE untuk memanfaatkan Smart Home dan Microcontroller ESP32 yang menyatu dengan kamera dan MC-38 door magnetic switch sensor yang kemudian digunakan untuk merespon kamera. Secara teknis alat ini akan berkerja jika mengirimkan sinyal gambar seseorang yang tidak dikenal dan yang masuk secara tidak secara wajar, kemudian gambar tersebut bisa diakses melalui website dan smartphone . Penelitian Wicaksono dan Rahmatya, (2020). Dalam judul “Implementasi Arduino dan ESP32 CAM untuk Smart Home”, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memonitor keamanan rumah. Penelitian ini menghasilkan suatu alat yang dapat memantau aktifitas dan keamanan rumah. Jika ada suatu gerakan terdeteksi maka sensor PIR dan ESP32 CAM akan mendeteksi secara otomatis. Alat ini menggunakan Arduino sebagai microcontroller dan juga berbasis Internet of Things, yang artinya akan sangat mudah dikontrol dan dipantau melalui jarak jauh menggunakan aplikasi Line pada smartphone pengguna.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 78,
"width": 233,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian Zuhri dan Ihkwan, (2020). Dalam judul “Perancangan Sistem Keamanan Ganda Brangkas Berbasis Telegram Menggunakan Mikrokontroler ESP32-CAM”. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan inovasi sistem keamanan pada brangkas yang biasanya hanya menggunakan sistem kunci ganda. Penelitian ini menghasilkan suatu alat atau sistem dengan memamfaatkan ESP32 sebagai kamera deteksi dan sensor PIR untuk mendeteksi suatu gerakan. Alat ini juga berbasiskan Internet of Things yang artinya alat ini dapat dipantau melalui jarak jauh dengan memanfaatkan fitur notifikasi pada media Aplikasi Telegram dan penyimpanan gambar otomatis melalui google drive .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 262,
"width": 75,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.2. Dasar Teori",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 273,
"width": 223,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.2.1 Face Recognition Teknologi face recognition adalah suatu aplikasi komputer yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasikan dan memverifikasi wajah dari gambar ataupun wajah yang sesungguhnya, dengan membandingkan yang telah diseleksi dari sebuah sample yang disimpan disistem yang sudah disediakan (Purwanto, 2015).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 354,
"width": 228,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teknologi face recognition dikembangkan dalam bidang keamanan untuk inovasi pada sistem keamanan yang relatif rendah, seperti contoh yang hanya menggunakan kata kunci. Karena pada setiap wajah manusia memiliki struktur yang berbeda satu sama lain, maka dari itu sangat memungkinkan jika struktur wajah tersebut digunakan sebagai auntetikasi pada sistem.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 457,
"width": 133,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.2.2 Konsep Face Recognition",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 469,
"width": 224,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam konsep pengenalan wajah atau face recognition, pengenalan wajah merupakan salah satu metode yang berbasiskan suatu wajah. Setelah sampel yang disimpan dalam suatu sistem, identifikasi dibagi menjadi dua bagian yaitu dikenali atau tidak dikenali (Ni Wayan Marti, 2010).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 538,
"width": 228,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Di balik kemudahan pengenalan wajah, mungkin terdapat beberapa masalah dalam proses pengenalan wajah, yaitu perubahan skala, perubahan posisi, perubahan cahaya, atau perubahan detail dan ekspresi wajah (Ni Wayan Marti, 2010).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 607,
"width": 81,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.2.2 ESP32-CAM",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 618,
"width": 226,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ESP32-CAM adalah papan pengembangan WiFi /Bluetooth dengan mikrokontroler ESP32 dan kamera. Mikrokontroller ini menyediakan fitur yang dapat digunakan siapa saja, atau bisa dikatakan open source , salah satu fiturnya yaitu digunakan untuk mengambil gambar, pengenalan wajah dan deteksi wajah. Mikrokontroller tersebut bisa digunakan menggunakan pada arduino ide untuk memanfaatkan library atau fitur yang sudah disediakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 44,
"width": 190,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JATI (Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 406,
"top": 46,
"width": 123,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 5 No. 2, September 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 786,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "437",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 164,
"width": 94,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1. ESP32-CAM",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 187,
"width": 94,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.2.3 NodeMCU 8266",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 199,
"width": 228,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "NodeMCU adalah platform IoT sumber terbuka atau open source. Terdiri dari perangkat keras dalam bentuk sistem-on-chip ESP8266. ESP8266 yang diproduksi oleh Espressif, dan firmware yang digunakan, menggunakan bahasa pemrograman skrip Lua. Secara default, istilah NodeMCU sebenarnya mengacu pada firmware yang digunakan sebagai pengganti kit pengembangan perangkat keras. NodeMCU dapat mirip dengan papan pengembangan Arduino ESP8266. (Sumardi, 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 414,
"width": 106,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2. NodeMCU 8266",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 437,
"width": 225,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.2.4 RFID MFRC522 RFID dikembangkan sebagai pengganti atau inovasi dari teknologi barcode. Tag RFID tersusun dari sebuah microchip yang dilengkapi antenna yg dipasang dalam sebuah kartu. Dan untuk membaca kartu tersebut diperlukan sebuah piranti pembaca yang akan memancarkan gelombang radio dan menangkap sinyal tanggapan yang dipancarkan dari kartu (Hidajanto Djamal, 2014).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 541,
"width": 226,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kelebihan RFID adalah relatif lebih cepat, ukuran lebih kecil sehingga praktis dan proses pemindaian tidak memerlukan kontak langsung dengan reader.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 703,
"width": 135,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 3. Sensor RFID MRFC522",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 726,
"width": 222,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.2.5 Sensor Ultrasonic Sensor ultrasonik adalah sensor yang bekerja berdasarkan prinsip pantulan gelombang suara,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 78,
"width": 226,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dimana sensor ini menghasilkan gelombang suara yang kemudian menangkapnya kembali dengan perbedaan waktu sebagai dasar penginderaannya. Perbanding lurus dengan jarak atau tinggi objek yang memantulkannya. Jenis objek yang dapat diindera diantarannya adalah: objek padat, cair, butiran, maupun tekstil (Hani, 2010).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 362,
"top": 222,
"width": 109,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 4. Sensor Ultrasonic",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 244,
"width": 226,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.2.6 Relay Relay adalah komponen elektronika yang berupa saklar atau switch elektrik yang di operasikan menggunakan listrik. Relay biasa disebut sebagai komponen electromechanical atau elektromekanikal yang terdiri dari dua bagian utama yaitu coil atau elektromagnet dan kontak saklar atau mekanikal Relay elektromekanis ini juga didefinisikan sebagai saklar yang digerakkan secara mekanis oleh daya atau energi listrik (Dickson, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 384,
"top": 443,
"width": 65,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 5. Relay",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 466,
"width": 224,
"height": 128,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.2.7 Selenoid Doorlock Selenoid digunakan sebagai akuator. Biasanya alat ini digunakan untuk kunci pintu otomatis. Ketika tegangan diberikan, solenoid akan bergerak atau bekerja. Tegangan rata-rata solenoid ini bekerja pada tegangan 12 volt, tetapi ada juga yang 6 volt dan 24 volt. Prinsip kerja dari solenoid door lock itu sendiri adalah pada keadaan normal, solenoid valve berada pada posisi tuas memanjang atau terkunci, jika diberi tegangan maka tuas akan membuka atau memendek. (Pratama, 2015).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 697,
"width": 113,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 6. Selenoid Doorlock",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 44,
"width": 190,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JATI (Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 406,
"top": 46,
"width": 123,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 5 No. 2, September 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 786,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "438",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 78,
"width": 225,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.2.8 Internet of Things Internet of Thing (IoT) adalah sebuah konsep dimana suatu objek yang memiliki kemampuan untuk mentransfer data melalui jaringan tanpa memerlukan interaksi manusia ke manusia atau manusia ke komputer, penggunaan IoT dapat terapkan pada berbagai hal salah satunya adalah bidang industri, kesehatan, dan sebagainya (Dewaweb, 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 181,
"width": 59,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.2.9 Indekos",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 193,
"width": 227,
"height": 128,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, IndeKos adalah tinggal dirumah orang lain dengan atau tanpa makan atau meng-in-de-koskan adalah menumpangkan seseorang tinggal dan makan dengan membayar. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemilik rumah indekos adalah orang pribadi atau badan yang memiliki rumah, kamar, atau bangunan, yang disewakan kepada pihak lain sebagai tempat tinggal/pemondokan dan mengenakan pembayaran sebagai imbalan dalam jumlah tertentu serta periode waktu pembayaran tertentu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 331,
"width": 228,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.2.10 E-KTP E-KTP merupakan sebuah kartu identitas sah warga Negara Indonesia, Dengan majunya teknologi yang semakin pesat, E-KTP sudah mengalami perubahan yang sangat signifikan. Untuk saat ini E- KTP atau kepanjangan dari Elektronik Kartu Tanda Penduduk sudah menggunakan smartcard dan berbasiskan nomor induk kependudukan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 434,
"width": 222,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.2.11 Telegram Telegram Messenger adalah sebuah aplikasi layanan pesan seperti layaknya Whatsapp, Line dan lainnya. Telegram pun juga tak hanya berbagi pesan, namun juga bisa berbagi foto, video, location tagging antar pengguna.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 503,
"width": 227,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Banyak keunggulan Telegram dibanding aplikasi layanan pesan lainnya. Salah satunya yaitu Telegram Bot, telegram menyediakan fitur membuat Bot pada aplikasinya. Fitur bot tersbut dapat terintegrasi langsung dengan berbagai layanan melalui internet dan banyak sekali bot-bot bermanfaat yang dapat digunakan pada aplikasi Telegram.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 595,
"width": 77,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.2.12 Smarthome",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 607,
"width": 226,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rumah Cerdas (Smart Home) adalah aplikasi gabungan antara teknologi dan pelayanan yang dikhususkan pada lingkungan rumah dengan fungsi tertentu yang bertujuan meningkatkan keamanan, efisiensi dan kenyamanan penghuninya. Sistem rumah pintar (smart home) biasanya terdiri dari perangkat monitoring, perangkat kontrol dan otomatis ada beberapa perangkat yang dapat di akses menggunakan komputer (Tri Fajar Yurmama, 2009).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 78,
"width": 62,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2.2.13 Website",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 89,
"width": 225,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Website adalah kumpulan halaman web yang dapat diakses publik dan saling terkait yang berbagi satu nama domain. Website dapat dibuat dan dikelola oleh individu, grup, bisnis, atau organisasi untuk melayani berbagai tujuan. Bersama-sama, semua website yang dapat diakses publik membentuk World Wide Web (Mardatila, 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 181,
"width": 219,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. METODE PENELITIAN 3.1. Analisa Kebutuhan 3.1.1 Kebutuhan Fungsional Adapun kebutuhan fungsional yang dibutuhkan pada sistem keamanan pintu kamar kos adalah : 1. Sistem mempunyai fitur untuk memindai wajah. 2.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 328,
"top": 250,
"width": 185,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sistem mempunyai fitur untuk memindai E-KTP.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 262,
"width": 213,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Sistem mempunyai fitur untuk menangkap gambar.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 273,
"width": 222,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Sistem mampu mengirim notifikasi pada pemilik kamar.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 296,
"width": 220,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Sistem mampu memantau situasi dan kondisi depan pintu kamar.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 331,
"width": 133,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.1.2 Kebutuhan Non Fungsional",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 342,
"width": 223,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kebutuhan nonfungsional antarmuka pemakai meliputi : 1. Alat dan website dapat diakses secara realtime.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 377,
"width": 221,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Alat dengan website harus terkoneksi jaringan internet.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 400,
"width": 222,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Website dapat diakses menggunakan browser seperti Google Chrome, Mozila Firefox, dll",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 434,
"width": 107,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.2. Diagram Blog Sistem",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 446,
"width": 222,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ESP32-CAM akan aktif jika sensor ultrasonic mendeteksi seseorang didepan pintu lebih dari waktu yang ditentukan, dan secara otomatis kamera akan memindai wajah dan memproses jika wajah tersebut sudah terdaftar atau tidak, jika mengalami kegagalan sistem pada ESP32-CAM dapat menggunakan E-KTP sebagai akses masuk dengan bantuan Sensor RFID.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 526,
"width": 223,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Solenoid doorlock digunakan untuk menutup dan membuka pintu, doorlock akan otomatis terbuka jika kamera mendeteksi wajah yang sudah terdaftar. Dan termonitoring dengan media aplikasi Telegram. Proses kerja pada alat ini di tunjukkan pada Gambar 7",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 353,
"top": 721,
"width": 126,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 7. Blok Diagram Sistem",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 44,
"width": 190,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JATI (Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 406,
"top": 46,
"width": 123,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 5 No. 2, September 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 786,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "439",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 78,
"width": 93,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.3. Flowchart Sistem",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 89,
"width": 221,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Adapun alur proses flowchat sistem dijelaskan pada gambar 8.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 368,
"width": 108,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 8. Flowchart Sistem",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 391,
"width": 226,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan flowchart pada Gambar 8, Pertama menginisialisasi sensor lalu sistem akan mendeteksi keberadaan seseorang didepan pintu, jika ada seseorang didepan pintu kurang dari 30 cm maka aka nada notifikasi pada telegram. Jika tidak maka akan tetap mendeteksi keberadaan seseorang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 472,
"width": 145,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN 4.1. Implementasi Sistem",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 495,
"width": 226,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Implementasi dari sistem keamanan pintu kamar kos berbasis internet of things yang di rancang, yaitu meliputi implementasi pengenalan wajah dengan memanfaatkan fitur pada ESP32-CAM, tampilan notifikasi telegram dan website, dan tampilan perangkat keras.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 575,
"width": 138,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.2. Halaman Fitur ESP32-CAM",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 587,
"width": 229,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tampilan fitur pada ESP32-CAM yang menyediakan webserver untuk sistem pengenalan wajah. Pada halaman terdapat live streaming yang secara langsung terkoneksi dengan ESP32-CAM, yang nantinya digunakan untuk mendaftarkan beberapa wajah. Tampilan halaman dapat ditunjukkan pada Gambar 9.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 755,
"width": 151,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 9. Tampilan Fitur ESP32-CAM",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 78,
"width": 166,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.3. Halaman Sistem Pengenalan Wajah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 89,
"width": 231,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tampilan fitur pada ESP32-CAM yang menyediakan webserver untuk sistem pengenalan wajah. Pada halaman ini sistem akan secara langsung mendeteksi wajah yang sebelumnya sudah didaftarkan dan terdapat notifikasi bahwa wajah sudah terdaftar atau tidak. Tampilan halaman dapat ditunjukkan pada Gambar 10.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 325,
"top": 344,
"width": 182,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 10. Tampilan Sistem Pengenalan Wajah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 367,
"width": 143,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.4. Tampilan Notifikasi Telegram",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 379,
"width": 229,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Notifikasi telegram akan masuk ketika user menambahkan perintah OPEN pada bot, maka solenoid akan terbuka secara manual, dan menambahkan notifikasi bila pintu sudah terbuka. Perintah foto untuk memberikan perintah ESP32- CAM untuk menjepret dan foto tersebut akan dikirim melalui telegram. Tampilan Telegram dapat ditunjukkan pada Gambar 11.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 679,
"width": 122,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 11. Tampilan Telegram",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 702,
"width": 124,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.5. Halaman Live Streaming",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 713,
"width": 224,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Halaman index adalah halaman yang berfungsi untuk menampilkan halaman utama pada website yang dibuat. Halaman utama pada website yang dibuat untuk fitur live streaming.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 44,
"width": 190,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JATI (Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 406,
"top": 46,
"width": 123,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 5 No. 2, September 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 786,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "440",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 110,
"top": 200,
"width": 143,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 12. Tampilan Live Streaming",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 223,
"width": 223,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.6. Pengujian Hardware Prototype yang dibangun terdiri dari ESP32- CAM yang berfungsi untuk akses utama membuka pintu dengan menggunakan deteksi wajah, dan juga sensor RFID yang berfungsi untuk membuka kamar dengan e-ktp bila mana ESP32-CAM mengalami error system . Hasil implementasi perangkat keras tersebut merupakan implementasi sistem keamanan pintu kamar kos. Tampilan dapat ditunjukkan pada Gambar 12.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 519,
"width": 175,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 13. Tampilan Implementasi Hardware",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 542,
"width": 144,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.7. Pengujian Notifikasi Telegram",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 553,
"width": 224,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengujian notifikasi telegram yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini berfungsi untuk melihat tingkat keberhasilan serta respon time yang diperlukan oleh sistem. Pengujian notifikasi telegram ditunjukkan pada Tabel 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 622,
"width": 148,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Pengujian Notifikasi Telegram",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 634,
"width": 157,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengujian Ke - Berhasil Terkirim /Tidak Waktu Respon Notifikasi 1 Berhasil Terkirim 8 Detik 2 Berhasil Terkirim 7 Detik 3 Berhasil Terkirim 7 Detik 4 Berhasil Terkirim 7 Detik 5 Berhasil Terkirim 6 Detik 6 Berhasil Terkirim 6 Detik 7 Berhasil Terkirim 6 Detik 8 Berhasil Terkirim",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 732,
"width": 131,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8 Detik 9 Berhasil Terkirim",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 742,
"width": 133,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8 Detik 10 Berhasil Terkirim 8 Detik",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 78,
"width": 225,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian pada tabel 1 menunjukan setelah melakukan 10 kali percobaan bahwa notifikasi telegram yang berhasil terkirim terdapat sedikit perbedaan waktu respon direntan 6-8 detik.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 147,
"width": 141,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.8. Hasil Pengujian ESP32-CAM",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 158,
"width": 224,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengujian ESP32-CAM dilakukan dengan cara melihat pada fitur webserver pada ESP32-CAM dan membandingkan hasil deteksi dari 10 wajah. Pengujian pengenalan wajah ditunjukkan pada tabel 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 216,
"width": 225,
"height": 236,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2. Pengujian ESP32-CAM ESP32-CAM Cocok / Tidak Pintu Error Akurasi Wajah 1 Cocok Terbuka 0% 100% Wajah 2 Cocok Terbuka 100% 0% Wajah 3 Tidak Tertutup 0% 100% Wajah 4 Tidak Tertutup 0% 100% Wajah 5 Tidak Tertutup 0% 100% Wajah 6 Tidak Tertutup 0% 100% Wajah 7 Tidak Tertutup 0% 100% Wajah 8 Tidak Tertutup 0% 100% Wajah 9 Tidak Tertutup 0% 100% Wajah 10 Tidak Tertutup 0% 100% Berdasarkan hasil pengujian pada tabel 2 terdapat 1 wajah yang sudah didaftarkan, dan menunjukan setelah melakukan 10 kali pengujian dengan wajah yang berbeda, terdapat kegagalan sistem dengan indikasi keindentikan pada wajah pada percobaan ke 2. Pada pengujian ini dapat disimpulkan ESP32-CAM dapat mendeteksi wajah dengan tingkat akurasi 90%.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 339,
"top": 638,
"width": 155,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 14. Tampilan Pengenalan Wajah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 661,
"width": 118,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.9. Pengujian Sensor RFID",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 673,
"width": 225,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengujian sensor RFID dilakukan dengan melihat pada fitur serial monitor pada Arduino IDE dan membandingkan hasil deteksi dari 10 E-KTP. Pengujian perbandingan E-KTP ditunjukkan pada Tabel 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 44,
"width": 190,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JATI (Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 406,
"top": 46,
"width": 123,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 5 No. 2, September 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 786,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "441",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 78,
"width": 227,
"height": 223,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 3. Pengujian E-KTP E- KTP Terdaftar / Tidak Pintu Error Akurasi E- KTP 1 Terdaftar Terbuka 0% 100% E- KTP 2 Tidak Tertutup 0% 100% E- KTP 3 Tidak Tertutup 0% 100% E- KTP 4 Tidak Tertutup 0% 100% E- KTP 5 Tidak Tertutup 0% 100% E- KTP 6 Tidak Tertutup 0% 100% E- KTP 7 Tidak Tertutup 0% 100% E- KTP 8 Tidak Tertutup 0% 100% E- KTP 9 Tidak Tertutup 0% 100% E-KTP 10 Tidak Tertutup 0% 100% Berdasarkan hasil pengujian pada tabel 3 terdapat 1 E-KTP yang sudah didaftarkan, dan menunjukan setelah melakukan 10 kali pengujian dengan E-KTP yang berbeda, Pada pengujian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa sensor RFID dapat mendeteksi E-KTP dengan tingkat akurasi 100%.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 411,
"width": 142,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 15. Tampilan UID E-KTP",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 434,
"width": 136,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.10. Pengujian Sensor Ultrasonic",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 446,
"width": 222,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengujian sensor ultrasonic dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbandingan jarak yang dihasilkan sensor ultrasonic dengan objek nyata. Pengujian perbandingan sensor ultrasonic dapat dilihat di Tabel 4.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 503,
"width": 185,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 4. Pengujian Sensor Ultrasonic Pengujian Ke - Sensor Ultra sonic Objek Berhasil Selisih 1 10 cm 10 cm Berhasil 0 cm 2 15 cm 15 cm Berhasil 0 cm 3 20 cm 20 cm Berhasil 0 cm 4 25 cm 25 cm Berhasil 0 cm 5 30 cm 30 cm Berhasil 0 cm",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 594,
"width": 225,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan tabel 4 dapat terlihat bahwa pengujian untuk deteksi sensor ultrasonic dapat berhasil sampai 5 pengujian, menunjukkan hasil yang baik saat sensor mendeteksi objek karena tidak adanya selisih yang dihasilkan pada 5 pengujian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 752,
"width": 144,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 16. Tampilan Pengujian Jarak",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 78,
"width": 130,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.11. Pengujian Software Sistem",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 89,
"width": 224,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini menguji perangkat lunak sistem, tujuannya adalah untuk menyesuaikan website dengan browser, tujuannya untuk mengetahui apakah halaman website yang dibuat dapat menampilkan semua data sesuai dengan desain. Hasil uji kompatibilitas browser situs web ditunjukkan pada Tabel 5.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 170,
"width": 213,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel. 5 Pengujian Software No Aspek Web Browser Chrome Version 91.0.4472. Miscosoft Edge Version 91.0.864.54 Mozilla Firefox Version 89 1 Halaman Live Streaming √ √ √ Keterangan : ✓ : Berhasil",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 282,
"width": 73,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "X : Tidak Berhasil",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 305,
"width": 222,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dapat dilihat hasil uji coba pada tabel 5 bahwa aplikasi yang dibuat dapat berjalan dengan baik pada web browser Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox ,dan Microsoft Edge berfungsi dengan baik serta semua responsif dari aplikasi dan alat bisa berjalan dengan baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 373,
"width": 145,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 385,
"width": 72,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5.3. Kesimpulan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 397,
"width": 220,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil perancangan dan pengujian sistem secara keseluruhan, maka kesimpulan dari alat yang dibuat diuraikan sebagaimana berikut :",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 431,
"width": 220,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Berdasarkan langkah – langkah yang telah dilakukan bahwa sistem keamanan pintu kamar kos berhasil di rancang.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 466,
"width": 223,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Berdasarkan hasil perancangan pada sistem keamanan pintu kamar kos terdapat peningkatan pada keamanan pada pintu kamar kos.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 500,
"width": 221,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Berdasarkan hasil pengembangan pada monitoring berplatform aplikasi Telegram dan Website berhasil berjalan dengan baik.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 535,
"width": 228,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Berdasarkan hasil dari pengujian pengguna menunjukan bahwa rata – rata responeden setuju dengan adanya sistem keamanan pintu kamar kos.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 580,
"width": 47,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5.4. Saran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 592,
"width": 221,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh penulis, maka penulis menyarankan untuk pengembangan penlitian sebagai berikut:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 627,
"width": 220,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Memerlukan cahaya yang terang untuk keberhasilan saat mendeteksi wajah.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 650,
"width": 222,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Menambahkan catu daya cadangan agar sistem bisa tetap bekerja dengan baik jika terjadi pemadaman listrik.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 684,
"width": 222,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Pengembangan untuk sistem monitoring keamanan menggunakan aplikasi berbasis mobile.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 719,
"width": 226,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA [1] M. A. Ramadhan. 2020. “Rancang Bangun Akses Pintu Gerbang Indekos Menggunakan E- KTP (Elektronik Kartu Tanda Penduduk)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 44,
"width": 190,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JATI (Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 406,
"top": 46,
"width": 123,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vol. 5 No. 2, September 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 786,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "442",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 78,
"width": 233,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berbasis Mikrokontroller” Institut Teknologi Nasional Malang. [2] Dedy Irawan, J., Handoko, F. and Adriantatri, E., 2019. Ruang Kuliah Pintar Pemantau Tingkat Efektivitas Pembelajaran Yang Dapat Mendeteksi Mahasiswa Bosan Dan Mengantuk. In Seminar Nasional Inovasi dan Aplikasi Teknologi di Industri [3] A. Setiawan, A. I. Purnamasari. 2019. “Pengembangan Smart Home Dengan Microcontrollers ESP32 Dan MC-38 Door Magnetic Switch Sensor Berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) Untuk Meningkatkan Deteksi Dini Keamanan Perumahan”. STIMK IKMI Cirebon ISSN.2580-0760",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 250,
"width": 224,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[4] M. F. Wicaksono, M. D. Rahmatya. 2020. “Implementasi Arduino dan ESP32 CAM untuk Smart Home”. Universitas Komputer Indonesia.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 78,
"width": 469,
"height": 369,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[5] K. Zuhri, A. Ihkwan. 2020. “Perancangan Sistem Keamanan Ganda Brangkas Berbasis Telegram Menggunakan Mikrokontroller ESP32-CAM”. Universitas Mitra Indonesia ISSN.2745-8911. [6] A. Lukman, J. G. Kolo, “A Smart Door Security-Based Home Automation System: An Internet of Things”, Journal of Telecommunication”, [Diakses 26 Maret 2021] [7] A. Z. Hasibuhan, H. Harahap, Z. Sarumaha, “Penerapan Teknologi RFID Untuk Pengendalian Ruang Kelas Berbasis Mikrokontroler”, Universitas Prima Indonesia (UNPRI) Medan e-ISSN.2541-2019 [8] Sutarno, “Identifikasi Ekspresi Wajah Menggunakan Alihragam Gelombang Singkat (WAVELET) Dan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan Learning Vector Quantizations (LVQ), Jurusan Sistem Komputer Universitas Sriwijaya Indralay. ISSN.1979-2328. [9] N. W. Marti, “Pemanfaatan GUI Dalam Pengembangan Perangkat Lunak Pengenalan Citra Wajah Manusia Menggunakan Metode Eigenface”, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha ISSN.1907-5022.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 204,
"width": 224,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[10] Salamun, F. Wazir, “Rancang Bangun Sistem Pengenalan Wajah Dengan Metode Pripincal Compenent Analysis”, Universitas Abdurrab Pekanbaru ISSN.2477-2062.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 250,
"width": 227,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[11] F. Setiawan, E. S. Rahayu, “Sistem Security Door Lock Berbasiskan Gerakan dengan Pengiriman Gambar Menggunakan Internet of Things”, Jurnal Teknologi 8 (1) 2020 34-35 Universitas Jayabaya e-ISSN.2654-8666.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 308,
"width": 229,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[12] P. W. Purnawan, Y. Rosita, “Rancang Bangun Smart Home System Menggunakan NodeMCU ESP8266 Berbasis Komunikasi Telegram Messeger”, Techno.COM, Vol. 18, No. 4, November 2019: 348-360, Universitas Budi Luhur.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 377,
"width": 225,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[13] M. I. Kurniawan, U. Sunarya, R. Tullo, “Internet of Things: Sistem Keamanan Rumah Berbasis Raspberry Pi dan Telegram Messenger, ELKOMIKA Universitas Telkom ISSN.2338- 8323.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
131f9853-b1a1-852c-8010-b2f7a05416c3 | https://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/article/download/2298/1714 | [
{
"left": 85,
"top": 37,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 46- 66",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 37,
"width": 74,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 48,
"width": 209,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 48,
"width": 73,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960 Desember 2017",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "46",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 88,
"width": 376,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENGARUH MODEL PROBLEM POSING DENGAN MEDIA MAKET TERHADAP PENINGKATAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN AKTIVITAS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 116,
"width": 356,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BELAJAR BIOLOGI PESERTA DIDIK KELAS X PADA MATERI KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI DI SMA NEGERI 6 BANDAR LAMPUNG",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 227,
"top": 168,
"width": 145,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "¹Indarto dan 2 Iftika Nurfalitasari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 192,
"width": 425,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1,2,3 Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung. Jl. H Endro Suratmin Sukarame- Bandar Lampung (0721)70326): [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 237,
"width": 421,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diterima : 07 Agustus 2017. Disetujui: 15 Desember 2017. Dipublikasikan: 29 Desember 2017",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 271,
"top": 263,
"width": 56,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 289,
"width": 429,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik masih rendah. Selama ini guru hanya menggunakan metode pembelajaran ceramah dan diskusi. Proses pembelajaran peserta didikkelas X MIA SMA Negeri 6 Bandar Lampung kurang mampu mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan aktivitas belajar, sehingga dibutuhkan inovasi baru dalam pembelajaran biologi untuk mengembangkan kedua kemampuan tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) mengetahui pengaruh model problem posing dengan media maket terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik kelas X di SMA Negeri 6 Bandar Lampung, dan (2) mengetahui pengaruh model problem posing dengan media maket terhadap aktivitas belajar biologi peserta didik kelas X di SMA Negeri 6 Bandar Lampung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 427,
"width": 429,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Quasi eksperimental design. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas X MIA SMA Negeri 6 Bandar Lampung dan sampel penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas X Mia 2 sebagai peserta didik eksperimen dan kelas X MIA 3 sebagai kelas kontrol yang dipilih secara acak kelas. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes kemampuan berpikir kritis dan angket aktivitas belajar siswa. Setelah butir soal tes dan angket telah diproses analisis data diperoleh 8 butir soal tes kemampuan kemampuan berpikir krirtis dan 23 pernyataan angket aktivitas belajar yang dinyatakan layak untuk digunakan dalam penelitian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 551,
"width": 429,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas, diperoleh bahwa data hasil tes dari kedua kelompok tersebut normal dan homogen. Selanjutnya uji hipotesis yang telah digunakan uji t diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa (1) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan pada penggunaan model problem posing dengan media maket terhadap peningkatan berpikir kritis terhadap peserta didik kelas X di SMA Negeri 6 Bandar Lampung ,(2) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan pada penggunaan model problem posing dengan media maket terhdap aktivitas belajar terhadap peserta didik kelas X di SMA Negeri 6 Bandar Lampung. Dengan Peningkatan N-gain Berpikir kritis70% dan aktivitas belajar 50%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 689,
"width": 428,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci : Model Problem Posing, Media Maket, Keanekaragaman Hayati, Berpikir Kritis, Aktivitas Belajar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 37,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 46- 66",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 37,
"width": 74,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 48,
"width": 209,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 48,
"width": 73,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960 Desember 2017",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "47",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 268,
"top": 102,
"width": 63,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 127,
"width": 428,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This research is motivated by the critical thinking skills of students is still low. During this time the teacher only using methods pembelajan lecture and discussion. The learning process of learners class Mia X SMAN 6 Bandar Lampung less able to develop critical thinking skills and learning activities, and so we need new innovations in teaching biology to develop both these capabilities. The purpose of this study were (1) the effect of the model problem posing with media mockups of the critical thinking skills of students grade X SMAN 6 Bandar Lampung, and (2) the effect of the model problem posing with media mock-up of the activity of studying biology students of class X SMAN 6 Bandar Lampung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 251,
"width": 428,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The method used was Quasi-experimental design. The study population was all students of class X Mia SMAN 6 Bandar Lampung and the sample are students of class X Mia 2 as learners experiment and Mia X grade 3 as the control class randomly selected class. Data collection techniques used were test critical thinking skills and inquiry learning activities of students. After the test items and questionnaires have been processed on data analysis 8 test items and the capability to think krirtis 23 statement questionnaire learning activities which are feasible for use in research.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 348,
"width": 428,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on the results of tests of normality and homogeneity tests, found that the test data from the two groups were normal and homogeneous. Further tests of hypotheses that have been used t test was concluded that (1) there is a significant influence on the use of models problem posing with media mockups to increase critical thinking to students grade X SMAN 6 Bandar Lampung, (2) there is a significant influence on the use of a model problem posing with mock media terhdap learning activities to students of class X SMAN 6 Bandar Lampung. With N-gain Improved Thinking kritis70% and 50% of learning activities.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 472,
"width": 395,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Model Problem Posing, Media Maket, Biodiversity, Critical Thinking, Learning activities.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 525,
"width": 99,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 552,
"width": 428,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendidikan memegang peranan dan faktor yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan manusia karena merupakan salah satu wahana untuk menciptakan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas.Pentingnya pendidikan untuk manusia tertuang dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 bahwa pendidikan merupakan usaha sadar dan terencana untuk mewujudkan suasana belajar dan proses pembelajaran agar secara aktif mengembangkan potensi dirinya. Pendidikan akan mengajarkan manusia untuk mengembangkan potensi dirinya sehingga manusia mampu menghadapi tantangan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 37,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 46- 66",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 37,
"width": 74,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 48,
"width": 209,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 48,
"width": 73,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 450,
"top": 59,
"width": 58,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Desember 2017",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "48",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 428,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi serta mampu mengatasi masalah dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 143,
"width": 429,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nurulwati (2009) mengemukakan maksud dari model pembelajaran yaitu, kerangka konseptual yang melukiskan prosedur yang sistematis dalam mengorganisasikan pengalaman belajar untuk mencapai tujuan belajar tertentu, dan berfungsi sebagai pedoman bagi para perancang pembelajaran dan para pengajar dalam merencanakan aktivitas belajar mengajar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 281,
"width": 429,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ratna Kartika IrawatiSalah satu model pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan dalam proses pembelajaaran sebagai model pemrosesan informasi ialah Problem posing merupakan model pembelajaran yang mengharuskan peserta didik menyusun pertanyaan sendiri atau memecah suatu soal menjadi pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang lebih sederhana yang mengacu pada penyelesaian soal tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 419,
"width": 392,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ely mengatakan bahwa media dipahami secara garis besar adalah manusia,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 446,
"width": 428,
"height": 232,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "materi, atau kejadian yang membangun kondisi yang membuat peserta didik mampu memperoleh pengetahuan, keterampilan, atau sikap. Dalam pengertian ini, guru, buku teks, dan lingkungan sekolah merupakan media. Secara lebih khusus, pengertian media dalam proses belajar mengajar cenderung diartikan sebagai alat-alat grafis, photografis, atau elektronis untuk menangkap, memproses, dan menyusun kembali informasi visual atau verbal.Sementara itu Heinich dkk mengemukakan istilah medium sebagai perantara yang mengantar informasi antara sumber dan penerima. Jadi, televisi, film, foto, radio, rekaman audio, gambar yang diproyeksikan, bahan-bahan cetakan, dan sejenisnya adalah media komunikasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 695,
"width": 428,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Sadiman maket sebuah bangunan adalah model dari bangunan yang sebenarnya tetapi bukan simulasi karena tidak untuk menggambarkan proses.Media tiga",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 37,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 46- 66",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 37,
"width": 74,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 48,
"width": 209,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 48,
"width": 73,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 450,
"top": 59,
"width": 58,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Desember 2017",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "49",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 428,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dimensi memang memiliki kelemahan-kelemahannya, diantaranya yaitu: tidak bisa menjangkau sasaran dalam jumlah yang besar, penyimpanannya memerlukan ruang yang besar dan perawatannya rumit. Namun hal ini dapat ditutupi dengan kelebihan yang dimilikinya yaitu sebagai berikut: Bentuknya yang dibuat dalam tiga dimensi seperti aslinya(dalam bentuk miniatur), ditambah dengan pemberian warna secara realistik dan pemberian bayangan yang digunakan untuk mengarahkan perhatian dan membedakan komponen-komponen dapat memberikan kesan yang menarik bagi siapa saja yang memandang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 309,
"width": 428,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Seperti yang diungkapkan oleh Moedjiono, media tiga dimensi memiliki kelebihan-kelebihan: memberikan pengalaman secara langsung, penyajian secara kongkrit dan menghindari verbalisme, dapat menunjukkan obyek secara utuh baik konstruksi maupun cara kerjanya, dapat memperlihatkan struktur organisasi secara jelas, dapat menunjukkan alur suatu proses secara jelas, maka dengan itu diharapkan dapat meningkatkan daya ingat peserta didik terhadap informasi pembelajaran yang terkandung dalam media tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 502,
"width": 428,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suryanti dkk yaitu: berpikir kritis merupakan proses yang bertujuan untuk membuat keputusan yang masuk akal mengenai apa yang kita percayai dan apa yang kita kerjakan. Berpikir kritis merupakan salah satu tahapan berpikir tingkat tinggi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 584,
"width": 428,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sugiarto mengkategorikan proses berpikir kompleks atau berpikir tingkat tinggi ke dalam empat kelompok yang meliputi pemecahan masalah ( problem solving ),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 640,
"width": 428,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pengambilan keputusan ( decision making ), berpikir kritis ( critical thinking ), dan berpikir kreatif ( creative thingking ).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 695,
"width": 428,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Glaser mendefinisikan berfikir sebagai berikut: (1) suatu sikap mau berpikir secara mendalam tentang masalah-masalah dan hal-hal yang berada dalam jangkauan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 37,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 46- 66",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 37,
"width": 74,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 48,
"width": 209,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 48,
"width": 73,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 450,
"top": 59,
"width": 58,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Desember 2017",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "50",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 428,
"height": 232,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pengalaman seseorang; (2) pengetahuan tentang metode-metode pemeriksaan dan penalaran yang logis; dan (3) semacam suatu keterampilan untuk menerapkan metode- metode tersebut. Sedangkan menurut Robert Ennis berfikir kritis adalah pemikiran yang masuk akal dan reflektif yang berfokus untuk memutuskan apa yang mesti dipercaya atau dilakukan.Amri dan Ahmadi dalam berpikir kritis siswa dituntut menggunakan strategi kognitif tertentu yang tepat untuk menguji keandalan gagasan, pemecahan masalah, dan mengatasi masalah serta kekurangannya. Hal ini sejalan dengan pendapat Sugiarto, bahwa berpikir kritis merupakan berpikir disiplin yang dikendalikan oleh kesadaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 336,
"width": 428,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut kimble, belajar adalah perubahan yang relative permanen didalam behavioral potentionality (potensi behavioral) sebagai akibat dari reinforced practice",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 391,
"width": 428,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(praktik yang diperkuat). Senada dengan hal tersebut, Mayer menyebutkan bahwa belajar adalah menyangkut adanya perubahan perilaku yang relative permanen pada pengetahuan atau perilaku seseorang karena pengalaman. Menurut Bell-Grendler belajar adalah proses yang dilakukan oleh manusia untuk mendapatkan aneka ragamkemampuan, (competencies) , keterampilan (skill), dan sikap (attitude) yang diperoleh secara bertahap dan berkelanjutan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 557,
"width": 428,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Agus Suprijono, pembelajaran aktif adalah pembelajaran yang harus menumbuhkan suasana sedemikian rupa sehingga peserta didik aktif bertanya, mempertanyakan, dan mengemukakan gagasan. Belajar memang merupakan proses aktif dari si pembelajaran dalam membangun pengetahuannya, bukan proses pasif yang hanya menerima kucuran ceramah guru tentang pengetahuan. Pembelajaran aktif adalah proses belajar yang menumbuhkan dinamika belajar bagi peserta didik. Dinamika untuk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 37,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 46- 66",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 37,
"width": 74,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 48,
"width": 209,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 48,
"width": 73,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 450,
"top": 59,
"width": 58,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Desember 2017",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "51",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 428,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "mengartikulasikan dunia idenya dalam mengkonfrontif ide itu dengan dunia ralitas yang dihadapinya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 143,
"width": 428,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Nasution, aktivitas belajar adalah aktivitas yang bersifat jasmani ataupun rohani. Dalam proses pembelajaran, kedua aktivitas tersebut harus selalu terkait. Seorang peserta didik akan berpikir selama ia berbuat, tanpa perbuatan maka peserta didik tidak berpikir. Oleh karena itu agar peserta didik aktif berpikir maka peserta didik harus diberi kesempatan untuk berbuat atau beraktivitas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 281,
"width": 390,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tujuan dari penelitian yaitu Mengetahui Pengaruh Model Problem Posing",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 309,
"width": 428,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dengan Media Maket Terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik Kelas X di SMA Negeri 6 Bandar Lampung dan Mengetahui Pengaruh Model Problem Posing Dengan Media Maket Terhadap PeningkatanAktivitas Belajar Biologi Peserta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 391,
"width": 428,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Didik Kelas X di SMA Negeri 6 Bandar Lampung. Adapun manfaat yang diperoleh diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi peserta didik , guru, sekolah dan peneliti serta dapat memberikan suatu alternatif model pembelajaran yang dapat diterapkan bagi perorangan maupun institusi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 523,
"width": 137,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 550,
"width": 429,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 6 Bandar Lampung pada semester genap tahun pelajaran 2015/2016. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dan metode yang digunakan adalah Quasy Eksperimental dengan desain penelitian Pretest-Posttest Control Group Desain . Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas X SMA Negeri 6 Bandar Lampung, Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017 sebanyak kelas yang terdiri dari X MIA 1, X MIA 2, X MIA 3, dan X MIA",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 716,
"width": 429,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Masing-masing kelas terdapat peserta didik sebanyak 35 orang . Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara acak kelas yaitu membuat suatu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 37,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 46- 66",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 37,
"width": 74,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 48,
"width": 209,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 48,
"width": 73,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 450,
"top": 59,
"width": 58,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Desember 2017",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "52",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 428,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "undian dari 4 kelas tersebut dilakukan pengundian dengan melakukan tiga kali pengambilan.Berdasarkan teknik pengambilan sampel di atas diperoleh sampel sebanyak 2 kelas yaitu kelas X MIA 2 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan X MIA 3 sebagai kelas kontrol. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, tes, angket dan dokumentasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 226,
"width": 235,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 253,
"width": 428,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan pada semester genap tahun pelajaran 2015/2016 mengenai pengaruh model problem posing dengan media maket terhadap peningkatan berpikir kritis dan aktivitas belajar biologi peserta didik di SMA",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 336,
"width": 302,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Negeri 6 Bandar lampung menghasilkan data sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 364,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Analisis Data Uji Coba Instrumen",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 392,
"width": 185,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Tes Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 419,
"width": 240,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Validitas Tes Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 446,
"width": 428,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setelah validasi kepada 3 validator tersebut, dilanjutkan dengan uji validitas menggunakan rumus korelasi Product Moment . Harga diperoleh dengan terlebih",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 509,
"width": 313,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dahulu menetapkan derajat kebebasannya menggunakan rumus",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 509,
"width": 429,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pada taraf signifikansi 0,05 atau 5%. Pada penelitian ini jumlah responden pada saat uji coba tes berjumlah 30, sehingga diperoleh derajat kebebasannya dan tabel Product Moment dengan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 282,
"top": 612,
"width": 113,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dan α = 0,05 diperoleh",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 466,
"top": 614,
"width": 47,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ". Apabila",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 143,
"top": 650,
"width": 370,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "maka butir soal tersebut dikatakan valid. Hasil analisis validitas butir tes",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 686,
"width": 308,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kemampuan berpikir kritis dapat dilihat pada tabel dibawah ini:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 37,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 46- 66",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 467,
"top": 37,
"width": 74,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 48,
"width": 209,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 467,
"top": 48,
"width": 73,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960 Desember 2017",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "53",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 185,
"top": 88,
"width": 241,
"height": 196,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1 Validitas Soal Tes Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis No. Keterangan 1 0,348 0,374 Tidak Valid 2 0,8397 0,374 Valid 3 0,792 0,374 Valid 4 0,603 0,374 Valid 5 0,846 0,374 Valid 6 0,815 0,374 Valid 7 0,53 0,374 Valid 8 0,434 0,374 Valid 9 0,2059 0,374 Tidak Valid 10 0,765 0,374 Valid Sumber: Pengelola data Lampiran D.1",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 302,
"width": 428,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil perhitungan validitas butir tes kemampuan berpikir kritis terhadap 10 soal yang diujicobakan menunjukkan terdapat 2 butir soal yaitu butir soal nomor 1 dan nomor 9 yang tergolong tidak valid (r xy < 0,374)maka butir soal dengan nomor tersebut tidak diujikan kepada sampel peneliti karena tidak dapat dipakai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 434,
"width": 373,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Uji Tingkat Kesukaran Tabel 2 Tingkat Kesukaran Soal Tes Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 189,
"top": 510,
"width": 224,
"height": 208,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No. Tingkat Kesukaran (TK) Keterangan 1 0,678 Sedang 2 0,278 Sukar 3 0,256 Sukar 4 0,744 Mudah 5 0,290 Sukar 6 0,289 Sukar 7 0,644 Sedang 8 0,789 Mudah 9 0,622 Sedang 10 0,222 Sukar Sumber: Pengelola data Lampiran D.2",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 37,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 46- 66",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 37,
"width": 74,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 48,
"width": 209,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 48,
"width": 73,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 450,
"top": 59,
"width": 58,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Desember 2017",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "54",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 428,
"height": 182,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis tingkat kesukaran uji coba instrumen tes kemampuan berpikir kritis pada tabel 2, dengan derajat kesukaran sedang, mudah dan sukar sesuai dengan tabel 5 interpretasi tingkat kesukaran butir tes. Dan diperoleh 5 butir soal dengan derajat kesukaran lebih kecil dari 0,30 ( <0,30) dikategorikan sukar yaitu butir soal nomor 2, 3, 5, 6, dan 10. Butir soal nomor 1, 7, dan 9 dikategorikan sedang karena memiliki derajat kesukaran antara 0,30 dan 0,70 (0,30 ≤ ≤ 0,70). Sedangkan butir soal nomor 4 dan 8 memiliki derajat kesukaran antara P > 0,70 dikaregorikan mudah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 287,
"width": 108,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Uji Daya Pembeda",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 184,
"top": 301,
"width": 233,
"height": 215,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 3 Daya Pembeda Item Soal Tes No. DayaPembeda (DP) Keterangan 1 0,6 Baik 2 0,9 BaikSekali 3 0,9 Baik Sekali 4 0,7 BaikSekali 5 1,0 Baik Sekali 6 1,0 Baik Sekali 7 0,9 Baik Sekali 8 0,3 Cukup 9 0,6 Baik 10 0,8 Baik Sekali Sumber: Pengelola data Lampiran D.4",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 533,
"width": 392,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada tabel 3 terlihat bahwa daya pembeda pada butir soal dikategorikan baik,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 560,
"width": 428,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "baik sekali dan cukup sesuai dengan tabel 6 klasifikasi daya pembeda. Dan butir soal 1 dan 9 dikategorikan baik dengan daya pembeda berkisar 0,40 < D ≤ 0,70. Dan butir soal nomor 2,3,4,5,6,7 dan 10 dikategorikan baik sekali karena daya pembeda berkisar 0,70 < D ≤ 1,00. Dan butir soal nomor 8 dikategorikan cukup karena daya pembeda berkisar 0,20 < D ≤ 0,40.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 698,
"width": 94,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4) Uji Reliabilitas",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 37,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 46- 66",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 37,
"width": 74,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 48,
"width": 209,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 48,
"width": 73,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960 Desember 2017",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "55",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 88,
"width": 392,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada Bab III dijelaskan bahwa suatu tes dikatakan reliabeljika",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 116,
"width": 384,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "0,70. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan uji reliabilitas instrumen tes kemampuan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 147,
"width": 428,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "berpikir kritis pada Lampiran D.5 diperoleh koefisien reliabilitasnya atau r 11 > r tabel yaitu 0,705 > 0,70, sehingga hasil uji coba tes kemampuan berpikir kritis dinyatakan reliabel dan layak digunakan sebagai instrumen penelitian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 242,
"width": 308,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5) Kesimpulan Hasil Uji Coba Tes Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 269,
"width": 383,
"height": 274,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 4 Rekapitulasi Hasil Analisis Butir Soal Nomor Soal Validitas Tingkat Kesukaran Daya Pembeda Reliabilitas 1 Tidak Valid Sedang Baik Reliabel 2 Valid Sukar BaikSekali Reliabel 3 Valid Sukar Baik Sekali Reliabel 4 Valid Mudah BaikSekali Reliabel 5 Valid Sukar Baik Sekali Reliabel 6 Valid Sukar Baik Sekali Reliabel 7 Valid Sedang Baik Sekali Reliabel 8 Valid Mudah Cukup Reliabel 9 Tidak Valid Sedang Baik Reliabel 10 Valid Sukar Baik Sekali Reliabel",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 547,
"width": 296,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: Pengelola data Lampiran D.1, D.3, D.4, dan D.5)",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 581,
"width": 149,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Angket Aktivitas Belajar",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 609,
"width": 187,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Validitas Angket Aktivitas Belajar",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 636,
"width": 428,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data uji coba angket aktivitas belajar dianalisis kevalidannya dengan rumus korelasi Product Moment . Harga r table diperoleh dengan terlebih dahulu menetapkan derajat kebebasannya menggunakan rumus",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 344,
"top": 692,
"width": 169,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pada taraf signifikansi 0,05 atau",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 727,
"width": 428,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5%. Pada penelitian ini jumlah responden pada saat uji coba tes berjumlah 30, sehingga",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 37,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 46- 66",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 37,
"width": 74,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 48,
"width": 209,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 48,
"width": 73,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960 Desember 2017",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "56",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 429,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "diperoleh derajat kebebasannya dan tabel Product Moment dengan dan α =0,05 diperoleh . Apabila maka butir soal tersebut",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 159,
"width": 428,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dikatakan valid. Hasil analisis validitas butir tes kemampuan berpikir kritis dapat dilihat pada tabel dibawah ini:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 253,
"top": 215,
"width": 120,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 5 Validitas Butir Angket",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 257,
"width": 377,
"height": 418,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No. r xy Keterangan No. r xy Keterangan 1 0,028 0,374 Tidak Valid 20 0,590 0,374 Valid 2 0,791 0,374 Valid 21 0,579 0,374 Valid 3 0,698 0,374 Valid 22 0,428 0,374 Valid 4 -0,14 0,374 Tidak Valid 23 0,441 0,374 Valid 5 0,795 0,374 Valid 24 0,455 0,374 Valid 6 0,584 0,374 Valid 25 0,233 0,374 Tidak Valid 7 0,437 0,374 Valid 26 0,217 0,374 Tidak Valid 8 0,369 0,374 Tidak Valid 27 0,477 0,374 Valid 9 0,398 0,374 Valid 28 0,121 0,374 Tidak Valid 10 0,038 0,374 Tidak Valid 29 0,425 0,374 Valid 11 0,584 0,374 Valid 30 -0,023 0,374 Tidak Valid 12 0,436 0,374 Valid 31 0,063 0,374 Tidak Valid 13 0,354 0,374 Tidak Valid 32 0,267 0,374 Tidak Valid 14 0,443 0,374 Valid 33 0,085 0,374 Tidak Valid 15 0,390 0,374 Valid 34 0,190 0,374 Tidak Valid 16 0,431 0,374 Valid 35 0,500 0,374 Valid 17 0,093 0,374 Tidak Valid 36 0,645 0,374 Valid 18 0,373 0,374 Valid 37 0,258 0,374 Tidak Valid 19 0,672 0,374 Valid 38 0,390 0,374 Valid",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 213,
"top": 703,
"width": 201,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: Pengelola data Lampiran D.2",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 37,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 46- 66",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 37,
"width": 74,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 48,
"width": 209,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 48,
"width": 73,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 450,
"top": 59,
"width": 58,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Desember 2017",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "57",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 88,
"width": 370,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan interpretasi yang digunakan penulis, perhitungan validitas butir",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 116,
"width": 194,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pernyataan angket dinyatakan valid jika",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 337,
"top": 116,
"width": 175,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ", maka didapat 17 butir angket yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 152,
"width": 424,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "valid yaitu butir pernyataan angket nomor 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 179,
"width": 428,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "21, 22, 23, 24, 27, 29, 35, 36, dan 38.Dua puluh satu butir pernyataan angket yang tidak valid atau r xy < yaitu butir angket nomor 1, 4, 8, 10, 13, 17, 25, 26, 28, 30, 31, 32,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 242,
"width": 74,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "33, 34, dan 37.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 270,
"width": 90,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Uji Reliabilitas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 297,
"width": 402,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil perhitungan uji relibilitas pernyataan angket aktivitas belajar dengan menggunakan rumus Alpha Cronbach pada Lampiran D.6 diperoleh sebesar 0,791.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 352,
"width": 419,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Anas Sudijono apabila reliabilitasnya lebih besar dari atau sama dengan 0,70, maka angket tersebut dinyatakan reliabel dan memenuhi kriteria layak digunakan sebagai instrumen penelitian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 435,
"width": 273,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Kesimpulan Hasil Uji Coba Angket Aktivitas Belajar",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 171,
"top": 463,
"width": 278,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 6 Kesimpulan Hasil Uji Coba Angket Aktivitas Belajar",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 505,
"width": 388,
"height": 246,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nomor Butir Angket Validitas Reliabilitas Nomor Butir Angket Validitas Reliabilitas 1 Tidak Valid Reliabel 20 Valid Reliabel 2 Valid Reliabel 21 Valid Reliabel 3 Valid Reliabel 22 Valid Reliabel 4 Tidak Valid Reliabel 23 Valid Reliabel 5 Valid Reliabel 24 Valid Reliabel 6 Valid Reliabel 25 Tidak Valid Reliabel 7 Valid Reliabel 26 Tidak Valid Reliabel 8 Tidak Valid Reliabel 27 Valid Reliabel 9 Valid Reliabel 28 TidakValid Reliabel 10 Tidak Valid Reliabel 29 Valid Reliabel 11 Valid Reliabel 30 Tidak Valid Reliabel 12 Valid Reliabel 31 Tidak Valid Reliabel 13 Tidak Valid Reliabel 32 Tidak Valid Reliabel 14 Valid Reliabel 33 Tidak Valid Reliabel 15 Valid Reliabel 34 Tidak Valid Reliabel",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 37,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 46- 66",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 37,
"width": 74,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 48,
"width": 209,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 48,
"width": 73,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960 Desember 2017",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "58",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 88,
"width": 363,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "16 Valid Reliabel 35 Valid Reliabel 17 Tidak Valid Reliabel 36 Valid Reliabel 18 Valid Reliabel 37 Tidak Valid Reliabel 19 Valid Reliabel 38 Valid Reliabel Sumber: Pengelola data Lampiran D.2 dan D.6",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 183,
"width": 88,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Analisis Data",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 210,
"width": 74,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Uji N-Gain",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 237,
"width": 191,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) N-Gain Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 294,
"top": 279,
"width": 41,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 7",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 155,
"top": 293,
"width": 321,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perbandingan rata-rata N-gain (Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis) Kelas N-gain Kategori Eksperimen 0,703 Tinggi Kontrol 0,500 Sedang Sumber: Pengelola data Lampiran D.7",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 421,
"width": 430,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada tabel di atas terlihat bahwa rata-rata N-gain kelas Eksperimen yaitu 0,703 artinya terjadi peningkatan sebesar 70% dan masuk dalam katagori tinggi sedangkan kelas kontrol memiliki rata-rata N-gain sebesar-besar 0,500 artinya terjadi peningkatan sebesar 50% dan masuk dalam kategori sedang. Itu berarti bahwa kelas eksperimen yang menggunakan media maket mengalami peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelas kontrol yang menggunakan media gambar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 614,
"width": 145,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) N-Gain Aktivitas Belajar",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 184,
"top": 642,
"width": 262,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 8 Perbandingan rata-rata N-gain (Aktivitas Belajar) Kelas N-gain Kategori Eksperimen 0,626 Sedang Kontrol 0,322 Sedang Sumber: Pengelola data Lampiran D.7",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 37,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 46- 66",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 37,
"width": 74,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 48,
"width": 209,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 48,
"width": 73,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 450,
"top": 59,
"width": 58,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Desember 2017",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "59",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 115,
"width": 426,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada tabel di atas terlihat bahwa rata-rata N-gain kelas eksperimen yaitu 0,626 artinya terjadi peningkatan sebesar 62% dan masuk dalam kategori sedang sedangkan kelas kontrol memiliki rata-rata N-gain sebesar 0,322artinya terjadi peningkatan sebesar 32% dan masuk dalam kategori sedang. Itu berarti bahwa kelas eksperimen yang menggunakan media maketmengalami peningkatan aktivitas belajar yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelas kontrol yang menggunakan media gambar. N-gain kategori tinggi, sedang dan rendah sesuai dengan tabel 7 nilai indeks N-gain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 288,
"width": 96,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Uji Normalitas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 315,
"width": 233,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Uji Normalitas Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 296,
"top": 343,
"width": 41,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 9",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 357,
"width": 372,
"height": 125,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil Uji Normalitas Data Pretes-Postes Peserta didik Pada Kelas Eksperimen Dan Kontrol Karakteristik Nilai Hasil Interpretasi Eksperimen Kontrol Pretes Postes Pretes Postes L hitung 0,128 0,146 0,093 0,137 L hitung ≤L tabel",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 458,
"width": 371,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdistribusi Normal L tabel 0,154 0,154 0,157 0,157",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 507,
"width": 250,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: Pengelola data Lampiran D.9 dan D.10",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 534,
"width": 429,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari tabel normalitas di atas untuk kelas eksperimen diperoleh hasil uji normalitas untuk L hitung pretes = 0,128, L hitung postes = 0,154 sedangkan L tabel = 0,154. Sedangkan untuk kelas kontrol diperoleh hasil uji normalitas untuk L hitung pretes = 0,093, L hitung postes = 0,137, sedangkan L tabel = 0,157, dengan demikian pengujian normalitas pretes dan postes kelas eksperimen maupun kelas kontrol, didapatkan hasil bahwa semua data berdistribusi normal karena L hitung < L tabel. Sehingga menjadikan H 0 diterima.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 37,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 46- 66",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 37,
"width": 74,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 48,
"width": 209,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 48,
"width": 73,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960 Desember 2017",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "60",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 173,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Uji Normalitas Aktivitas Belajar",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 116,
"width": 365,
"height": 150,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 10 Hasil Uji Normalitas Data Pretes-Postes Peserta didik Pada Kelas Eksperimen Dan Kontrol Karakteristik Nilai Hasil Interpretasi Eksperimen Kontrol Pretes Postes Pretes Postes L hitung 0,103 0,152 0,156 0,097 L hitung ≤L tabel Berdistribusi Normal L tabel 0,154 0,154 0,157 0,157",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 180,
"top": 279,
"width": 256,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: Pengelola data Lampiran D.11 dan D.12",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 309,
"width": 428,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari tabel normalitas diatas untuk kelas eksperimen diperoleh hasil uji normalitas untuk L hitung pretes = 0,103, L hitung postes = 0,152 sedangkan L tabel = 0,154. Sedangkan untuk kelas kontrol diperoleh hasil uji normalitas untuk L hitung pretes = 0,156, L hitung postes = 0,097, sedangkan L tabel = 0,157, dengan demikian pengujian normalitas pretes dan postes kelas eksperimen maupun kelas kontrol, didapatkan hasil bahwa semua data berdistribusi normal karena L hitung < L tabel. Sehingga menjadikanH 0 diterima.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 454,
"width": 101,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Uji Homogenitas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 481,
"width": 237,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Uji Homogenitas Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 284,
"top": 509,
"width": 47,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 11",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 523,
"width": 365,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil Uji Homogenitas Data Pretes-Postes Peserta didik Pada Kelas Eksperimen Dan Kontrol Karakteristik Nilai Hasil Interpretasi Eksperimen dan Kontrol Pretes Postes F hitung 1,318 0,597 F hitung ≤F tabel Homogen F tabel 1,816 1,816",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 672,
"width": 207,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: Pengelola data Lampiran D.13",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 686,
"width": 429,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari tabel uji homogenitas di atas, untuk kelas eksperimen dan kontrol diperoleh hasi uji homogenitas F hitung pretes = 1,318 dan F hitung = 0,597 sedangkangF tabel = 1,816.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 727,
"width": 428,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dengan demikian pengujian homogenitas pretes dan postes pada kelas eksperimen",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 37,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 46- 66",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 37,
"width": 74,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 48,
"width": 209,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 48,
"width": 73,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960 Desember 2017",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "61",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 427,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "maupun kelas kontrol mendapatkan hasil F hitung <F tabel. Sehingga mengakibatkan H 0 diterima, artinya kedua sampel berasal dari populasi yang sama (homogen).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 129,
"width": 181,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Uji homogenitas Aktivitas Belajar",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 284,
"top": 157,
"width": 47,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 12",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 164,
"top": 171,
"width": 288,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil Uji Homogenitas Data Pretes-Postes Peserta didik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 185,
"width": 366,
"height": 146,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada Kelas Eksperimen Dan Kontrol Karakteristik Nilai Hasil Interpretasi Eksperimen dan Kontrol Pretes Postes F hitung 1,008 1,763 F hitung ≤F tabel Homogen F tabel 1,799 1,816 Sumber: Pengelola data Lampiran D.14",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 362,
"width": 429,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari tabel uji homogenitas diatas, untuk kelas eksperimen dan kontrol diperoleh hasi uji homogenitas F hitung pretes =1,008 dan F hitung = 1,763 sedangkanF tabel =",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 403,
"width": 428,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1,816.Dengan demikian pengujian homogenitas pretes dan postes pada kelas eksperimen maupun kelas kontrol mendapatkan hasil F hitung <F tabel. Sehingga H 0 diterima, artinya kedua sampel berasal dari populasi yang sama (homogen).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 465,
"width": 86,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "d. Uji Hipotesis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 493,
"width": 177,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Uji T kemampuan berpikir kritis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 520,
"width": 311,
"height": 128,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 13 Hasil Uji Hipotesis N-gainPeserta Didik Pada Kelas Eksperimen Dan Kelas Kontrol Karakteristik Nilai Hasil Kelas Eksperimen Kelas Kontrol T hitung 6,344 t hitung >t tabel",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 649,
"width": 25,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "T tabel",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 279,
"top": 649,
"width": 30,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1,998",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 673,
"width": 207,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: Pengelola data Lampiran D.15",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 708,
"width": 429,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari tabel uji T diatas, untuk kelas eksperimen dan kontrol diperoleh hasil uji T dengan t hitung =6,344 dan t tabel = 1,998. Dengan demikian uji T pada kelas eksperimen",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 37,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 46- 66",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 37,
"width": 74,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 48,
"width": 209,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 48,
"width": 73,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960 Desember 2017",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "62",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 429,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "maupun kelas kontrol, didapatkan hasil bahwa t hitung >t tabel Maka H 0 ditolak artinya ada perbedaan yang signifikan nilai rata-rata tes kemampuan berpikir kritis dengan Metode Diskusi dan Ceramah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 171,
"width": 197,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Uji T Aktivitas Belajar Peserta didik",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 284,
"top": 198,
"width": 47,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 14",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 206,
"top": 212,
"width": 204,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil Uji Hipotesis N-gainPeserta didik",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 226,
"width": 312,
"height": 100,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada Kelas Eksperimen dan Kelas Kontrol Karakteristik Nilai Hasil Kelas Eksperimen Kelas Kontrol T hitung 7,600 t hitung >t tabel",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 327,
"width": 153,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "T tabel 1,998",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 351,
"width": 429,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari tabel uji T diatas, untuk kelas eksperimen dan kontrol diperoleh hasi uji T dengan t hitung =7,600 dan t tabel = 1,998. Dengan demikian uji T pada kelas eksperimen maupun kelas kontrol, didapatkan hasil bahwat hitung >t tabel. Maka H 0 ditolak artinya ada perbedaan yang signifikan nilai rata-rata tes kemampuan berpikir kritis dengan Metode Diskusi dan Ceramah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 489,
"width": 82,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 517,
"width": 429,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis data penelitian menggunakan angket maupun menggunakan tes, diketahui bahwa sampel berasal dari distribusi yang normal, dan memiliki varian yang homogen artinya kedua sampel memiliki kemampuan yang sama sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai sampel dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian pada angket aktivitas belajar menunjukkan rata-rata aktivitas peserta didik baik pada kelas eksperimen maupun pada kelas kontrol meningkat. Pada kelas eksperimen dimana rata- rata normalitas pretes untuk angket 71,192 dan pada kelas kontrol yaitu 57,054.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 710,
"width": 428,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sedangakan rata-rata normalitas postes untuk angket kelas eksperimen 88,977 dan pada kelas kontrol yaitu 71.241.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 37,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 46- 66",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 37,
"width": 74,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 48,
"width": 209,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 48,
"width": 73,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 450,
"top": 59,
"width": 58,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Desember 2017",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "63",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 429,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil penelitian menggunakan tes dimana pada kelas eksperimen menunjukan hasil rata-rata peserta didik meningkat. Pada kelas eksperimen dimana nilai rata-rata normalitas pretes untuk kemampuan berpikir kritis yaitu 47.879 dan pada kelas kontrol yaitu 38.281. Sedangkan rata-rata normalitas postes untuk kemampuan berpikir kritis kelas eksperimen yaitu 83.636 dan pada kelas kontrol yaitu 69.53. dari hasil rata-rata tersebut, diketahui bahwa penggunaan model problem posing dengan media maket dalam proses pembelajaran dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan berpikir kritis dan aktivitas belajar peserta didik kelas X pada materi keanekaragaman hayati di SMA",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 309,
"width": 428,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Negeri 6 Bandar Lampung, karena peserta didik semangat dalam mengerjakan lembar kerja kelompok dengan melihat media maket yang telah disiapkan oleh pendidik mengakibatkan peserta didik lebih antusias dan aktif dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 391,
"width": 392,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selanjutnya jika dilihat dari hasil analisis statistik dengan menggunakan uji T,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 419,
"width": 429,
"height": 232,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dari hasil uji T kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa t hitung = 6,334 dan ttabel = 1,998 berarti dalam hal ini H 0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Berdasarkan analisis uji T menunjukkan adanya pengaruh model problem posing dengan media maket terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik kelas X pada materi keanekaragaman hayati di SMA Negeri 6 Bandar Lampung. Sedangkan dari hasil uji T Aktivitas Belajar Peserta didik diperoleh t hitung = 7,600 dan t hitung = 1,998 berarti dalam hal ini berarti dalam hal ini H 0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Berdasarkan analisis uji T menunjukkan adanya pengaruh model problem posing dengan media maket terhadap Aktivitas Belajar Peserta didik kelas X pada materi keanekaragaman hayati di SMA Negeri 6 Bandar Lampung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 668,
"width": 87,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 695,
"width": 429,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan analisis data dan pengujian hipotesis yang telah dilakukan, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa, Terdapat pengaruh model problem posing dengan media",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 37,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 46- 66",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 37,
"width": 74,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 48,
"width": 209,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 48,
"width": 73,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 450,
"top": 59,
"width": 58,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Desember 2017",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "64",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 429,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "maket terhadap peningkatan berpikir kritis peserta didik biologi kelas x pada materi keanekaragaman hayati di SMA Negeri 6 Bandar Lampung. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan hasil uji hipotesis T (Uji T independent ) diperoleh t tabel < t hitung, yaitu 1,998 <",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 171,
"width": 428,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6,334 dan Terdapat pengaruh model problem posing dengan media maket terhadap peningkatan aktivitas belajar biologi peserta didik kelas x pada materi keanekaragaman hayati di SMA Negeri 6 Bandar Lampung. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan hasil uji hipotesi T (Uji T independent ) diperoleh t tabel < t hitung, yaitu 1,998 < 7,600.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 281,
"width": 113,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 302,
"width": 350,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Alec Fisher. Berpikir Kritis Sebuah Pengantar . Jakarta: Erlangga, 2008.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 329,
"width": 429,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amri S Dan Ahmadi. Proses Pembelajaran Kreatif Dan Inovatif Dalam Kelas. Jakarta: PT Prestasi Pustakaraya, 2010.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 371,
"width": 428,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Anas Sudijono. Pengantar Evaluasi Pendidikan (cet. XXII). Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2010.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 412,
"width": 428,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arief Sadiman dkk. Media Pendidikan Pengertian, Pengembangan Dan Pemanfaatan . Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2008.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 452,
"width": 428,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ArifPribadi dan Yanti Herlanti, BIOLOGI untuk SMA/MA Kelas X Kurikulum 2013 . Jakarta: Yudhistira, 2014.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 491,
"width": 386,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Azhar Arsyad. Media Pembelajaran . Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2013.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 516,
"width": 428,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bestari Dwi Handayani,” Efektivitas Penerapan Metode Problem Posing Dan Tugas Terstruktur Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa”. Jurnal Forum Kependidikan , Vol. 28 No. 1 (Januari 2016), h. 2.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 574,
"width": 330,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Budiyono. Statistika Untuk Penelitian . Surakarta: UNS Press, 2013.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 602,
"width": 429,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Colleta V.P. dan Phillips J.A. Interpreting FCI Scores: Normalized Gain, Preinstruction Scoreand Scientific Reasoning Ability . California: Departement of Physics Layola Marymount University, 2005.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 657,
"width": 429,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Daryanto. PanduanProses Pembelajaran Teori Dan Praktik Dalam Pengembangan professionalisme Guru . Jakarta: AV Publisher, 2009.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 698,
"width": 428,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Departemen Agama RI. Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahannya . Bandung: CV. Diponegoro, 2008.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 37,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 46- 66",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 37,
"width": 74,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 48,
"width": 209,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 48,
"width": 73,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960 Desember 2017",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "65",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 428,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fatimatuzzahra .Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Maket Dengan Model Inkuiri Terpimpin Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Pada Materi Pokok Ekosistem . Lampung: Universitas Lampung, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 143,
"width": 353,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hamdani. Strategi Belajar Mengajar . Bandung: CV Pustaka Setia, 2011.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 171,
"width": 428,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hartono. PAIKEM Pembelajaran Aktif, Inovatif, Kreatif, Efektif, dan Menyenangkan. Pekanbaru: Zanafa, 2008.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 212,
"width": 429,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Herniza L . Pengaruh Media Audio-Visual Melalui Model THT Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Pada Materi Pokok Sistem Pernafasan . Lampung: Universitas Lampung, 2011.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 267,
"width": 428,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Irnaningtyas. BIOLOGI untuk SMA/MA Kelas X Kurikullum 2013 . Jakarta: Erlangga,2014.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 309,
"width": 428,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kunandar. Guru Profesional Implementasi Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP) dan Sukses dalam Sertifikasi Guru . Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2004.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 347,
"width": 428,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kinanti Ayu Puji Lestari,”Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Posing Untuk Mengajarkan Materi Botani Yang Teritegrasi Pada Siswa Kelas XI”. Jurnal UNESA , Vol. 2 No. 3 (Januari 2016), h. 279.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 403,
"width": 428,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hartono D Mamu,”Pengaruh Strategi Pembelajaran, Kemampuan Akademik Dan Interaksinya Terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Dan Hasil Belajar Kognitif IPA Biologi”. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains , Vol. 2 No. 1 (Maret 2016), h. 2.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 460,
"width": 358,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Margono. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan . Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta, 2000.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 478,
"width": 446,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muhammad Ali. Guru Dalam Proses Belajar Mengajar. Bandung: Sinar Baru Algensindo, 2008.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 524,
"width": 428,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Novalia dan Muhamad Syazali. Olah Data Penelitian Pendidikan . Bandar Lampung:Anugrah Utama Raharja (AURA), 2014.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 565,
"width": 330,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Oemar Hamalik. Proses Belajar Mengajar. Bandung: Rosida, 2004.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 593,
"width": 408,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ratna WilisDahar. Teori-Teori Belajar Dan Pembelajaran . Jakarta: Erlangga, 2002.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 618,
"width": 428,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ratna Kartika Irawati,” Pengaruh Model Problem Solving Dan Problem Posing Serta Kemampuan Awal Terhadap Hasil Belajar Sisw”. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains, Vol. 2 No. 4 (Januari 2016), h. 185.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 675,
"width": 428,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sudaryono. Pengembangan Intrumen Penelitian Pendidikan. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 689,
"width": 33,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "20013.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 717,
"width": 248,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sudjana. Metode Statistik . Bandung: Tarsito, 2001.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 744,
"width": 420,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sugiyono. Metode penelitian kualitatif kuantitatif dan R&D . Bandung: Alfabeta, 2012.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 37,
"width": 242,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BIOSFER Jurnal Tadris Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 8 no.2 (2017) 46- 66",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 37,
"width": 74,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "p-ISSN : 2086-5945",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 48,
"width": 209,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/biosfer/index",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 439,
"top": 48,
"width": 73,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2580-4960 Desember 2017",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 782,
"width": 15,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "66",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 102,
"width": 393,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suharsimin Arikunto. Dasar-Dasar Evaluasi Pendidikan . Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2013",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 143,
"width": 429,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suharsimi Arikunto. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik (cet.IV). Jakarta:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 157,
"width": 102,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rineka Cipta, 2010.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 171,
"width": 428,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumarna Surapranata, Analisis, Validasi, Reliabilitas, Dan Intrepretasi Hasil Tes, Implementasi Kurikulum 2004 . Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 2005.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 212,
"width": 428,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Trianto. Mendesain Model Pembelajaran Inovatif-Progresif . Jakarta: Kencana Media Group, 2009.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 251,
"width": 423,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "……….. Model Pembelajaran Terpadu . Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2007.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 281,
"width": 425,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 21,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hisyam Zaini. Strategi Pembelajaran Aktif . Yogyakarta: Insan Madani CTDS, 2008",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
f94063a6-fe10-7a86-0baa-77ccda009ff3 | https://jurnal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/substantia/article/download/3985/2601 | [
{
"left": 78,
"top": 56,
"width": 164,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Substantia, Volume 18 Nomor 1, April 2016",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 419,
"top": 56,
"width": 98,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://substantiajurnal.org",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 228,
"top": 778,
"width": 289,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muhammad Muhammad Zaini, Kontribusi Agama bagi Kemajuan Sosial l | 81",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 84,
"width": 283,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KONTRIBUSI AGAMA BAGI KEMAJUAN SOSIAL",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 250,
"top": 112,
"width": 95,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muhammad Zaini",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 125,
"width": 365,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Prodi Ilmu Alquran dan Tafsir Fakultas Ushuluddin UIN Ar-Raniry, Banda Aceh Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 194,
"top": 166,
"width": 207,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diterima tgl, 25-02-2016, disetujui tgl 03-04-2016",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 194,
"width": 439,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract: Religion is essential to human life because it promotes a belief of the unseen as the ultimate or absolute truth. In a general sense, religion has a major role in human life, as it aims to regulate human to live better. This article attempts to look at the existence of religion as a social reality, the nature of social life, its reactions to social changes and its role in public life. The analysis suggests that religion as a belief offers a form of life in which people of faith can live as virtuous and noble intellectual human beings and have something to hold on. Therefore, with religion humans can live harmoniously and dynamically in a society and collectively advance human civilization.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 309,
"width": 440,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak: Persoalan agama merupakan yang sangat mendasar terhadap kehidupan manusia, karena agama mengandung unsur keyakinan di dalam diri manusia tentang yang gaib sebagai kebenaran yang hakiki atau kemutlakkan. Dalam pandangan umum, agama dipahami memiliki peran yang besar dalam kehidupan manusia, karena ia bertujuan untuk mengatur kehidupan manusia menjadi lebih baik. Artikel ini mencoba untuk melihat keberadaan agama sebagai realitas sosial; hakikat kehidupan sosial, reaksi yang diberikan agama terhadap perubahan sosial masyarakat serta peranan agama dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Dari beberapa telaahan yang dilakukan, agama sebagai unsur keyakinan telah memberikan suatu bentuk kehidupan bahwa orang beragama dapat bereksistensi sebagai manusia yang berbudi dan intelektual mulia serta memiliki pegangan hidup. Oleh karena itu dengan beragama manusia dapat hidup di dalam masyarakat secara harmonis dan dinamis serta dapat memajukan manusia secara bersama-sama.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 461,
"width": 232,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: agama, realitas sosial, perubahan sosial",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 496,
"width": 68,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 511,
"width": 439,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ditinjau dari aspek sosiologis, kehidupan sosial manusia berlangsung dalam suatu wadah yang disebut “masyarakat”. Menurut teori fungsional, masyarakat merupakan suatu lembaga sosial yang berada dalam keseimbangan, yang mempolakan kegiatan manusia berdasarkan norma-norma yang dianut bersama serta dipandang sah dan mengikat peran serta manusia itu sendiri. Lembaga-lembaga yang kompleks ini secara keseluruhan merupakan sistem sosial yang saling berkaitan satu sama lain. 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 607,
"width": 439,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam pandangan Broom dan Selznick, sebagaimana dikutip J.Dwi Narwoko, setiap masyarakat bisa tetap eksis dan bertahan (survive) karena adanya sifat kooperatif dari anggota-anggotanya. Sifat kooperatif antar warga masyarakat bisa diperoleh melalui jalur sosialisasi, dan dalam konteks ini agama berfungsi sebagai sumber utama proses sosialisasi dimaksud. Oleh karena itulah, agama berperan memberikan sokongan psikologis, yang mana agama selain membantu orang dari kebingungan dunia dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 754,
"width": 323,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Thomas O’Dear, Sosiologi Agama, terj. Yosogama (Jakarta: Rajawali, 1985), 3.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 56,
"width": 162,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Substantia, Volume 18 Nomor 1, April 2016",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 419,
"top": 56,
"width": 98,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://substantiajurnal.org",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 776,
"width": 235,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "82 | Muhammad Zaini, Kontribusi Agama bagi Kemajuan Sosial",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 84,
"width": 439,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "menawarkan jawaban tentang berbagai permasalahan, dan juga memberikan kekuatan moral. 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 116,
"width": 439,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sehubungan dengan fungsi agama yang begitu besar dalam keharmonisan hidup bermasyarakat maka agama harus dipelajari. Dalam konteks ilmu pengetahuan, agama dapat dipelajari dalam berbagai pendekatan, salah satunya pendekatan sosiologis. Akan tetapi makna agama yang dijelaskan dalam sosiologi lebih kepada arti agama sebagai institusi yang menjelaskan aspek tingkah laku para pemeluknya tanpa menyinggung kedudukan agama sebagai dogma suci yang bersifat fitrah pada manusia. Dengan kata lain, agama yang dipelajari dalam sosiologi bukanlah isi dari agama, tetapi lebih pada agama sebagai institusi, agama sebagai salah satu aspek dari tingkah laku kelompok serta peranan yang dimainkannya dalam kehidupan masyarakat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 258,
"width": 440,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berbeda dengan agama dari aspek sosiologis, agama sebagai unsur keyakinan akan menjadi bermakna apabila manusia hidup di dalam sosialitas. Artinya, kehidupan tidak hanya bersifat individualitas, tetapi kehidupan manusia lebih berimplikasi sosial yang dapat mengubah realitas sosial yang lebih manusiawi. Sejarah menunjukkan bahwa antara agama dan masyarakat keberadaannya saling berkaitan. Meskipun demikian, secara realitas bahwa masyarakat berkembang secara dinamis sesuai kebutuhannya, yang ditandai dengan kemajuan di bidang teknologi dan informatika. Perkembangan di bidang teknologi tersebut terkadang bisa menimbulkan malapetaka bagi kehidupan manusia yang berimplikasi pada kehidupan sosial kemasyarakatan seperti kemiskinan, kesenjangan sosial, dan baerbagai bentuk kejahatan. Mungkinkah ada harapan agama dapat berperan membebaskan masyarakat dari malapetaka tersebut?",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 433,
"width": 439,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berangkat dari pokok-pokok pikiran di atas, maka tulisan ini mencoba untuk melihat agama sebagai realitas sosial dan bagaimana reaksi yang diberikan agama terhadap perubahan sosial masyarakat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 497,
"width": 136,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Agama dan Realitas Sosial",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 512,
"width": 108,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Pengertian Agama",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 528,
"width": 439,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam pandangan sosiolog dan antropolog agama dapat didefinisikan sebagai suatu sistem keyakinan yang dianut dan tindakan-tindakan yang diwujudkan oleh suatu kelompok atau masyarakat dalam menginterpretasi dan memberi respons terhadap apa yang dirasakan dan diyakini sebagai suatu yang gaib dan suci. 3 Jadi agama merupakan sumber nilai moral dan kaidah sosial bagi masyarakat. Agama menurut sosiolog bersifat empiris-deskriptif, bukan evaluatif. Sosiolog beranjak dari pengalaman kongkrit sekitar apa yang dimengerti dan dialami oleh pemeluk-pemeluknya. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari definisi agama yang diberikan oleh para sosiolog. Misalnya Kalr Marx, ia mengartikan agama sebagai proyeksi yang khayali tentang keinginan-keinginan manusia dan harapan hidup mereka. Menurutnya, keadaan masyarakat kapitalis yang membuat banyak manusia tertindas dan kehilangan kebebasan untuk merealisasikan diri dipahami sebagai inspirasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 731,
"width": 439,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 J. Dwi Narwoko-Bagong Suyanto (ed.), Sosiologi Teks Pengantar Dan Terapan (Edisi Pertama; Jakarta: Kencana, 2004), 233.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 754,
"width": 44,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3 Ibid., 229.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 56,
"width": 164,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Substantia, Volume 18 Nomor 1, April 2016",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 419,
"top": 56,
"width": 98,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://substantiajurnal.org",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 228,
"top": 778,
"width": 289,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muhammad Muhammad Zaini, Kontribusi Agama bagi Kemajuan Sosial l | 83",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 84,
"width": 439,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "utama manusia menciptakan agama. Dalam agama manusia memimpikan suatu situasi di mana eksistensinya sebagai manusia diakui dan dihargai. 4",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 116,
"width": 439,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nottingham menyatakan bahwa agama merupakan produk kebudayaan, atau hasil pengembangan dari aktifitas manusia sebagai makhluk pencipta kebudayaan. Oleh karena itu, agama bisa dianggap sebagai sarana kebudayaan bagi manusia yang mana dengan sarana itu dia mampu menyesuaikan diri dengan pengalaman-pengalaman dalam keseluruhan lingkungan hidupnya, termasuk dirinya sendiri, anggota kelompoknya, alam, bahkan lingkungan lain yang dirasakan sebagai sesuatu yang transenden. 5",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 211,
"width": 440,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selanjutnya Freud memberikan pengertian yang hampir sama dengan dua sosiolog sebelumnya. Menurutnya, memahami agama merupakan jawaban manusia atas frustasi yang dialami dalam hidupnya. Manusia bertindak religius karena mengalami frustasi, dan untuk mengatasi frustasi itu seseorang memeluk agama guna mengatasi frustasi yang disebabkan oleh kekuasaan jasmani. Inilah motivasi yang paling dapat dipertanggungjawabkan untuk menjelaskan mengapa manusia membutuhkan agama. 6 Di sini terlihat bahwa Freud menghubungkan kelakuan keagamaan dengan kesukaran sosial sehingga agama dipandang sebagai “ mekanisme ” penyesuaian yang paling dasar terhadap unsur-unsur yang mengecewakan dan menjatuhkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 354,
"width": 439,
"height": 169,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dengan demikian dapat dipahami bahwa secara sosiologis, agama adalah suatu sistem sosial yang dibuat oleh penganut-penganutnya yang berporos pada kekuatan- kekuatan non-empiris yang dipercayai dan didayagunakan untuk mencapai keselamatan bagi diri mereka dan masyarakat luar umumnya. Dengan kata lain agama adalah produk manusia. Dalam pemahaman mereka, agama terpusat pada kekuatan non-empiris yang berarti bahwa agama itu hanya berurusan dengan kekuatan dari “dunia luar” yang dihuni oleh kekuatan-kekuatan lebih tinggi dari kekuatan manusia yang dikenal dengan sebutan arwah dan roh tertinggi. Manusia mendayagunakan kekuatan-kekuatan itu untuk kepentingan sendiri dan masyarakat sekitarnya, baik kepentingan atau keselamatan di dunia sekarang ini maupun di dunia lain yang akan dimasuki manusia sesudah kematiannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 544,
"width": 146,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Pengertian Realitas Sosial",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 560,
"width": 439,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "U ngkapan “realitas sosial ” merupakan gabungan dari kata “realitas” dan “ sosial ”. Secara etimologi kedua kata ini berasal dari bahasa Inggris; “ reality ” yang berarti realitas, kenyataan atau dalam kenyataan; 7 dan “ social ” memiliki arti pertemuan silaturrahmi, ramah tamah, senang sekali bergaul. 8 Menurut Soerjono Soekanto, ilmu-ilmu sosial adalah ilmu yang memilih masyarakat atau kehidupan bersama sebagai objek yang dipelajari. 9 Realitas sosial adalah kenyataan kehidupan sosial masyarakat. Realitas sosial juga",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 673,
"width": 440,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4 L. David (ed), International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Jilid 13-14 (London: Collier Macmillan, 1972), 409.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 696,
"width": 39,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5 Ibid., 34.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 708,
"width": 323,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6 Thomas O’Dear, Sosiologi Agama, terj. Yosogama (Jakarta: Rajawali, 1985), 8.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 719,
"width": 397,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7 John M. Echols dan Hassan Shadily, Kamus Inggris Indonesia (Jakarta: PT Gramedia, 2003), 468.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 731,
"width": 44,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8 Ibid., 538.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 742,
"width": 403,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9 Soerjono Soekanto, Sosiologi Suatu Pengantar, Cet. 43 (Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo Persada, 2010),",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 755,
"width": 13,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "11.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 56,
"width": 162,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Substantia, Volume 18 Nomor 1, April 2016",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 419,
"top": 56,
"width": 98,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://substantiajurnal.org",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 776,
"width": 235,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "84 | Muhammad Zaini, Kontribusi Agama bagi Kemajuan Sosial",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 84,
"width": 439,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "merupakan suatu peristiwa yang memang benar terjadi di tengah-tengah masyarakat. Dan manusia dikatakan sebagai makhluk sosial dikarenakan pada diri manusia ada dorongan untuk berhubungan (interaksi) dengan orang lain. Ada kebutuhan sosial (social need) dengan orang lain. Manusia memiliki kebutuhan untuk mencari kawan atau teman. Kebutuhan untuk berteman dengan orang lain seringkali didasari atas kesamaan ciri atau kepentingan masing-masing. Misalnya, orang kaya cenderung berteman dengan orang kaya. Orang yang berprofesi sebagai artis, cenderung untuk mencari teman sesama artis. 10 Dengan demikian akan terbentuk kelompok-kelompok sosial dalam masyarakat yang didasari oleh kesamaan ciri atau kepentingan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 227,
"width": 440,
"height": 106,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk menjaga keharmonisan hubungan sosial, maka pada setiap masyarakat mempunyai nilai-nilai sosial yang mengatur tata nilai di dalam masyarakat tersebut. Termasuk di dalam nilai-nilai sosial ini tata susila serta adat kebiasaan. Nilai-nilai sosial ini merupakan ukuran-ukuran di dalam menilai tindakan dalam hubungan dengan orang lain. Oleh karena itu, tujuan nilai-nilai sosial ialah untuk mengadakan tata atau ketertiban. Tata ini hanya mungkin terwujud jika nilai-nilai sosial ini mempunyai wadah untuk menegakkannya. Wadah dimaksud ialah struktur atau susunan masyarakat. 11",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 338,
"width": 440,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Meskipun sudah memiliki nilai-nilai sosial, namun pada kenyataannya sering muncul masalah-masalah sosial di tengah-tengah kehidupan masyarakat. Masalah sosial timbul dari kekurangan-kekurangan dalam diri manusia atau kelompok sosial yang bersumber pada faktor ekonomis, biologis, psikologis, dan kebudayaan. Problem-problem yang berasal dari faktor ekonomis antara lain kemiskinan, pengangguran, kejahatan dan sebagainya. Problem yang berasal dari faktor biologis misalnya penyakit. Problem dari faktor psikologis timbul persoalan seperti penyakit syaraf dan bunuh diri. Sementara persoalan yang menyangkut perceraian, kejahatan, konflik sosial dan keagamaan bersumber pada faktor budaya. 12",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 481,
"width": 440,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sampai di sini dapat dipahami bahwa yang dimaksud de ngan “agama sebagai realitas sos ial” adalah bahwa agama merupakan sesuatu yang harus ada dan dibutuhkan oleh manusia. Manusia membutuhkan agama, karena agama memiliki fungsi untuk membantu manusia menghadapi berbagai macam persoalan kehidupan di dunia ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 560,
"width": 135,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hakikat Kehidupan Sosial",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 576,
"width": 439,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Manusia merupakan makhluk otonom dan sekaligus sebagai makhluk sosial. Sebagai makhluk otonom, manusia adalah subjek yang mandiri dan memiliki kesanggupan mengembangkan dorongan kodratnya untuk menuju ke arah kesempurnaan. Sebagai pribadi dengan segala kemandirian dan kebebasannya manusia menjadi pendukung dan pengamal nilai-nilai religius, rasional, etis dan estetis. 13 Oleh karena itu, di samping",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 696,
"width": 338,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "10 Elly M. Setiadi et al. Ilmu Sosial dan Budaya Dasar (Jakarta: Kencana, 2006), 63.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 708,
"width": 439,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "11 Soedjito S, Transformasi Sosial Menuju Masyarakat Industri Cet. 2 (Yogyakarta: PT Tiara Wacana Yogya, 1991), 3.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 731,
"width": 47,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "12 Ibid., 314.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 742,
"width": 439,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "13 Koentowibisono, “ Penjabaran Hak-Hak Asasi Manusia Berdasarkan Nilai-Nilai Pancasila: Suatu Pemahaman Secara Filsafat ” , Jurnal Filsafat No.12 November 1992, 8.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 56,
"width": 164,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Substantia, Volume 18 Nomor 1, April 2016",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 419,
"top": 56,
"width": 98,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://substantiajurnal.org",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 228,
"top": 778,
"width": 289,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muhammad Muhammad Zaini, Kontribusi Agama bagi Kemajuan Sosial l | 85",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 84,
"width": 439,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "manusia memiliki nilai otonomi, manusia tidak akan sempurna jikalau ia tidak berhubungan dengan sesuatu yang lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 116,
"width": 439,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proses di mana antara individu dengan individu, individu dengan kelompok, atau kelompok dengan kelompok berhubungan satu dengan yang lain disebut dengan interaksi sosial. Secara teoritis, sekurang-kurangnya ada dua syarat bagi terjadinya suatu interaksi sosial, yaitu terjadinya kontak sosial dan komunikasi. Kontak sosial tergantung kepada adanya tanggapan terhadap suatu tindakan, sedangkan aspek terpenting dari komunikasi adalah bila seseorang memberikan tafsiran pada sesuatu perilaku orang lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 211,
"width": 440,
"height": 154,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Para Sosiolog sepakat bahwa interaksi sosial adalah syarat utama bagi terjadinya aktivitas sosial bagi hadirnya kenyataan sosial. Max Weber misalnya melihat kenyataan sosial sebagai sesuatu yang didasarkan pada motivasi individu dan tindakan-tindakan sosial. 14 Menurutnya, ketika berinteraksi, seseorang atau kelompok sebenarnya tengah berusaha atau belajar bagaimana memahami tindakan sosial atau kelompok lain. Sebuah interaksi sosial akan kacau bilamana antara pihak-pihak yang berinteraksi tidak saling memahami motivasi dan makna tindakan sosial yang mereka lakukan. 15 Di sini terlihat bahwa Max weber mengakui bahwa setiap individu harus memiliki kesadaran sosial dan saling memahami antara satu dengan yang lain agar sekelompok masyarakat bisa hidup harmonis dan teratur.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 369,
"width": 439,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut George Herberr Mead, agar interaksi sosial bisa berjalan dengan tertib dan teratur dan agar anggota masyarakat bisa berfungsi secara normal, maka yang diperlukan bukan hanya kemampuan untuk bertindak sesuai dengan konteks sosialnya, tetapi juga memerlukan kemampuan untuk menilai secara objektif prilaku kita sendiri dari sudut pandang orang lain. Pertanyaan umum yang lazim muncul adalah: apakah perilaku atau tindakan seseorang sudah cukup pantas di hadapan si X atau si Y? 16 Pertanyaan ini artinya bahwa yang objektif menilai prilaku seseorang adalah orang lain, bukan dirinya sendiri. Baik atau buruk prilaku seseorang didasarkan kepada penilaian orang lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 496,
"width": 439,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pertanyaan di atas perlu diajukan mengingat pada kenyataannya bahwa manusia menemukan dirinya sebagai makhluk yang ada bersama atau makhluk sosial, karena itu realisasi makna hidup dan eksistensi pribadi hanya akan berhasil sejauh dimungkinkan oleh orang lain atau sesama. Struktur manusia dalam segala tindakannya selalu membutuhkan sesama. Manusia tidak hanya hidup berdampingan, melainkan juga bekerjasama memajukan dan saling mengembang-kan harkat dan martabatnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 592,
"width": 439,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Meskipun peran setiap individu dan institusi kemasyarakatan berlangsung aktif, akan tetapi setiap individu di masyarakat memiliki kebebasan tersendiri untuk mengubah tujuan atau membatalkan persetujuan dengan anggota masyarakat dan sebagainya. Faham kebebasan yang dianut oleh sebagian kelompok orang harus dipahami secara positif, bukan negatif. Dalam hal ini faham kebebasan mengandung tiga arti yang berbeda-beda, tetapi ketiganya tidak terpisahkan satu sama lain. Ketiga faham dimaksud adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 719,
"width": 440,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "14 J. Dwi Narwoko-Bagong Suyanto (ed.), Sosiologi Teks Pengantar Dan Terapan (Jakarta: Kencana, 2004), 20 .",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 742,
"width": 25,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "15 Ibid.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 754,
"width": 25,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "16 Ibid.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 56,
"width": 162,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Substantia, Volume 18 Nomor 1, April 2016",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 419,
"top": 56,
"width": 98,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://substantiajurnal.org",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 776,
"width": 235,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "86 | Muhammad Zaini, Kontribusi Agama bagi Kemajuan Sosial",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 84,
"width": 439,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pertama, kebebasan sebagai cita-cita kesempurnaan eksistensial untuk menatap kemungkinan-kemungkinan baru untuk masa depan yang lebih baik dengan membebaskan dari dari berbagai halangan yang ada untuk mewujudkan eksistensi dirinya. Seseorang memiliki kebebasan untuk mencapai semua tujuan dan cita-citanya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 147,
"width": 439,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kedua, kebebasan psikologis, yakni kemauan untuk memilih bertindak atau tidak, kemampuan untuk berfikir, menilai dan menghendaki sesuatu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 179,
"width": 439,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ketiga, kebebasan kemasyarakatan, bentuk-bentuk kebebasan ini menjamin keikutsertaan para anggota dalam bidang sosial, politik, ekonomi dan budaya sebagai subjek. Tetapi perlu adanya syarat-syarat objektif agar mereka dapat bertindak sebagai subjek politik dan sebagainya. Kebebasan ini juga disebut hak-hak demokratis. 17",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 242,
"width": 439,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ketiga bentuk kebebasan di atas saling berhubungan menurut kerangka logis dan eksistensial. Kebebasan asasi manusia merupakan tujuan serta cita-cita tertinggi. Kebebasan psikologis merupakan jalan subjektif menuju tujuan tersebut. Kebebasan kemasyarakatan merupakan syarat-syarat hidup objektif. Meskipun kebebasan melekat pada diri manusia, namun kebebasan itu ada batasnya pada kebebasan sesama. Jadi penggunaan kebebasan kita tidak boleh sampai membatasi kebebasan orang lain. Dengan adanya kebebasan ini maka manusia mampu merubah kebudayaan dan kondisi sosial mereka.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 369,
"width": 439,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sementara itu, untuk memperkuat makna kehidupan sesama tersebut akan lebih berarti apabila manusia berhubungan dengan alam di sekitarnya, karena alam dunia adalah bagian dari hidup manusia. Manusia mengalami atau berada di tengah alam dunia serta membangun dan mengembangkan kehidupannya dengan mengolah sumber kekayaan alam untuk kepentingan hidup sosialnya. Oleh karena itu, pembinaan suatu makna keharmonisan yang rasional antara manusia dengan alam merupakan tanggung jawab manusia. 18",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 465,
"width": 439,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari uraian di atas kiranya dapat dipahami bahwa manusia dikatakan sebagai makhluk sosial karena beberapa alasan, yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 496,
"width": 436,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Manusia tunduk pada aturan (norma sosial) yang mereka ciptakan dan sepakati sendiri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 512,
"width": 439,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Prilaku manusia mengharapkan suatu penilaian dari orang lain, bukan penilaian diri sendiri.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 544,
"width": 340,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Manusia memiliki kebutuhan untuk berinteraksi dengan orang lain.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 560,
"width": 439,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Potensi manusia akan berkembang bila ia hidup di tengah-tengah kelompok masyarakat.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 592,
"width": 428,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Manusia sebagai makhluk yang berhubungan dengan lingkungan hidup di sekitarnya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 624,
"width": 285,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Reaksi Agama Terhadap Perubahan Sosial Masyarakat",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 639,
"width": 440,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam paradigma sosiologi, suatu perubahan sosial merupakan proses yang berawal dari suatu keadaan yang semula mantap kemudian memudar dan akhirnya mantap lagi. Proses perubahan ini digambarkan dengan istilah integrasi yang berubah melalui dis- integrasi ke arah re-integrasi. Selama masa dis-integrasi yang dikenal dengan nama anome, masyarakat dalam kebingungan atau keragu-raguan terhadap kaedah-kaedah dan nilai-nilai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 731,
"width": 440,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "17 Alek Lanur, “ Dimensi Sosial ” dalam Manusia Dalam Pijar-Pijar Kekayaan Dimensinya, (ed) Mudji Sutrisno (Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 1993), 44.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 754,
"width": 253,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "18 Koentowibisono, Penjabaran Hak-Hak Asasi Manusia,... 70.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 56,
"width": 164,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Substantia, Volume 18 Nomor 1, April 2016",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 419,
"top": 56,
"width": 98,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://substantiajurnal.org",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 228,
"top": 778,
"width": 289,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muhammad Muhammad Zaini, Kontribusi Agama bagi Kemajuan Sosial l | 87",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 84,
"width": 439,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "yang ada. Akibat masa anome yang berkepanjangan, maka akan timbul dilemma, yakni antara lain keinginan untuk mempertahankan nilai-nilai lama, dan terjadinya kesenjangan antara sesuatu yang diinginkan oleh ajaran agama dengan realitas yang dihadapinya. Keadaan ini akan berakhir apabila sudah dicapai re-integrasi sosial di mana nilai-nilai dan kaedah-kaedah yang baru tadi berlaku dengan stabil dalam kehidupan masyarakat. 19",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 163,
"width": 439,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sehubungan dengan proses perubahan yang terjadi dalam kehidupan manusia, maka Alquran memandang bahwa perubahan itu merupakan sunnatullah (ketentuan Allah) yang pasti berlaku bagi manusia dalam kehidupan mereka di dunia ini. Hal ini sebagaimana terangkum dalam firman Allah Q.S. Ali ‘Imran: 140:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 233,
"width": 440,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 260,
"width": 394,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 260,
"width": 13,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 287,
"width": 440,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 314,
"width": 439,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 341,
"width": 439,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 368,
"width": 440,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 267,
"top": 395,
"width": 250,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 431,
"width": 439,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "“ Jika kamu (pada perang Uhud) mendapat luka, maka sesungguhnya kaum (kafir) itupun (pada perang Badar) mendapat luka yang serupa. Dan masa (kejayaan dan kehancuran) itu kami pergilirkan di antara manusia (agar mereka mendapat pelajaran); dan supaya Allah membedakan orang-orang yang beriman (dengan orang-orang kafir) supaya sebagian kamu dijadikan-Nya (gugur sebagai) syuhada' dan Allah tidak menyukai orang-orang yang zalim.”",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 527,
"width": 439,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selanjutnya, perubahan sosial yang terjadi dalam kehidupan masyarakat paling tidak terbagi kepada tiga bentuk, yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 558,
"width": 439,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pertama, perubahan alami, yaitu perubahan yang terjadi dengan sendirinya atau dengan kata lain perubahan sosial yang tidak disengaja. Perubahan yang terjadi secara alami dapat membawa akibat negatif dan dapat pula berakibat positif. Perubahan berakibat negatif apabila arah dan hasil perubahan itu tidak sesuai dengan yang diharapkan masyarakat. Sebaliknya, perubahan dapat berakibat positif apabila arah dan akibatnya sesuai dengan kebutuhan yang diharapkan masyarakat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 654,
"width": 439,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kedua, perubahan yang direncanakan, yaitu perubahan yang didasarkan pada pertimbangan dan perhitungan secara matang tentang manfaat dari perubahan tersebut. Cepat atau lambat dari perubahan ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh besarnya kemampuan dan tanggungjawab dari para pembaharunya; di samping tergantung pada kesesuaian antara",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 742,
"width": 439,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "19 Selo Soemarjan, Masyarakat dan Manusia Dalam Pembangunan (Jakarta: PT Sinar Harapan, 1993), 20.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 56,
"width": 162,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Substantia, Volume 18 Nomor 1, April 2016",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 419,
"top": 56,
"width": 98,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://substantiajurnal.org",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 776,
"width": 235,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "88 | Muhammad Zaini, Kontribusi Agama bagi Kemajuan Sosial",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 84,
"width": 439,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "program perubahan dengan kepentingan masyarakat. Perubahan yang direncanakan ini merupakan bentuk perubahan yang telah diperkirakan atau telah direncanakan sebelumnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 116,
"width": 439,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ketiga, perubahan yang tergantung pada kehendak individu, maksudnya adalah perubahan yang erat kaitannya dengan selera pribadi. Bentuk perubahan seperti ini relatif sedikit pengaruhnya bagi kehidupan masyarakat, yaitu hanya terbatas pada perbedaan selera masing-masing individu, artinya tidak berpengaruh terhadap keseluruhan pola dan sikap masyarakat, dan tidak mengakibatkan perubahan pada tatanan sosial dalam kehidupan masyarakat. 20",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 211,
"width": 439,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada dasarnya proses perubahan kebudayaan atau perubahan sosial dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor. Akan sangat sulit mengatakan bahwa salah satu aspek seperti agama, memiliki peranan dan respon yang paling berpengaruh dalam perubahan itu. Untuk kepentingan analisis, agama sering sekali disebut sebagai fak tor “pendorong”, tetapi juga “penahan” terhadap perubahan. Bahkan kadang -kadang dalam situasi tertentu agama secara simultan beraksi sebagai pendorong dan penahan sekaligus.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 306,
"width": 439,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kendati sebenarnya perubahan kebudayaan itu sendiri netral, namun sering sekali kita merasa perlu melakukan penelitian terhadapnya. Bentuk-bentuk perubahan itu kadang- kadang d ikatakan “baik” dan kadang - kadang dinilai “jelek”. Penilaian biasanya didasarkan pada konsep nilai-nilai dan norma-norma tertentu yang dianut bersumber dari ajaran agama, mitos atau legenda. Seperti teknologi Barat oleh sementara kalangan sering dinilai sesuatu yang membahayakan kebudayaan tertentu, bersamaan dengan timbulnya teknologi datang pula sejumlah perangkat pandangan hidup yang dianggap mengancam tata nilai cultural asli yang telah mapan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 433,
"width": 439,
"height": 186,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perubahan itu memang meresahkan, tetapi yang penting bagaimana perubahan sosial itu diangkat menjadi sebuah kesadaran. Setiap transformasi memang sering dimulai dari keresahan yang positif dan akan menjadi basis kesadaran potensial dalam menegakkan tatanan baru yang lebih baik, termasuk di dalamnya tatanan moral dan tatanan sosial keagamaan. 21 Untuk itu, pada setiap agama terdapat aspek konservatif yang memberikan rasa kesucian terhadap tradisi dan keberlangsungannya. Karena factor ini agama sering bersikap menahan diri terhadap unsur perubahan yang mungkin dianggap memprofankan. Sebab lain ialah karena agama sudah diwujudkan dalam simbol-simbol dan idiom suci yang disakralkan yang secara apriori menolak perubahan. Simbol-simbol itulah yang memberikan makna dan kekuatan untuk melawan cara-cara berfikir baru. Oleh karena itu, kendatipun aspek agama yang lain mendorong terhadap perubahan, namun tetap ada elemen tertentu dari agama tersebut yang selalu menjaga kemapanannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 623,
"width": 439,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari fenomena di atas, maka jika ingin bersikap aktual dalam perubahan kemanusiaan, agama tidak bisa hanya berbicara tentang “dunia nanti” yang memang akan dihadapi setiap manusia tetapi juga mengenai “dunia sekarang” yang sedang dan segera dihadapinya. Agama dalam hal ini harus mampu mendampingi mereka dalam membangun peradaban dunia yang bertanggungjawab. Untuk itu perlu menumbuhkan etos dan etik pembangunan harkat kehidupan yang lebih baik. Dalam kaitan ini konsep dosa dan pahala",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 742,
"width": 392,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "20 Abdullah Sany, Sosiologi Dan Perubahan Masyarakat (Jakarta: Pustaaka Jaya, 1995), 128-130.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 754,
"width": 346,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "21 Moeslim Abdurrahman, Islam Transformatif., (Jakarta: Pustaka Firdaus, 1995), 228.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 56,
"width": 164,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Substantia, Volume 18 Nomor 1, April 2016",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 419,
"top": 56,
"width": 98,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://substantiajurnal.org",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 228,
"top": 778,
"width": 289,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muhammad Muhammad Zaini, Kontribusi Agama bagi Kemajuan Sosial l | 89",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 84,
"width": 439,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "serta moralitas (morality) setelah kematian, mungkin harus bisa menumbuhkan tanggungjawab sosial pada diri setiap orang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 116,
"width": 439,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk memahami bagaimana agama memberikan jawaban dan sumbangan terhadap tatanan sosial masyarakat, sangat tergantung pada sistem pendidikan, yaitu sistem belajar yang berorientasi pada membentuk masyarakat belajar di lingkungan keluarga dan masyarakat (the religious learning society) sehingga agama diinternalisasikan di dalam kehidupannya sebagai basis penghayatan yang menumbuhkan etos dan etik sosial keagamaan. 22",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 211,
"width": 243,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peranan Agama dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 227,
"width": 439,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ahli-ahli sejarah agama berpendapat bahwa manusia itu menurut wataknya suka beragama. Naluri suka beragama dan suka memikirkan Tuhan selalu kelihatan pada tiap- tiap masyarakat manusia. Oleh karena itu, kalau dalam masyarakat ada oknum-oknum atau kelompok-kelompok manusia yang mengingkari adanya Tuhan atau berusaha memberantas agama, maka hal itu berarti bahwa mereka melawan naluri yang ada pada diri mereka sendiri. 23",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 322,
"width": 439,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jika mengacu kepada ajaran Islam, maka dalam beberapa ayat Alquran disebutkan bahwa beragama itu merupakan fitrah manusia. Sebagaimana firman Allah dalam Q.S. Ar- Rum: 30-31:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 375,
"width": 440,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 401,
"width": 439,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 427,
"width": 440,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 453,
"width": 440,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 479,
"width": 439,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 505,
"width": 439,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 531,
"width": 440,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 557,
"width": 440,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 583,
"width": 437,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": " ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 619,
"width": 439,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "“Maka hadapkanlah wajahmu dengan lurus kepada agama Allah; (tetaplah atas) fitrah Allah yang telah menciptakan manusia menurut fitrah itu. tidak ada peubahan pada fitrah Allah. (Itulah) agama yang lurus; tetapi kebanyakan manusia tidak mengetahui. Dengan kembali bertaubat kepada-Nya dan bertakwalah kepada-Nya serta dirikanlah shalat dan janganlah kamu termasuk orang- orang yang mempersekutukan Allah”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 731,
"width": 47,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "22 Ibid., 231.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 742,
"width": 439,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "23 Mukti Ali dkk, Agama dalam Pergumulan Masyarakat Kontemporer, (Cet. I; Yogyakarta: Tira Wacana, 1998), 89.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 56,
"width": 162,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Substantia, Volume 18 Nomor 1, April 2016",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 419,
"top": 56,
"width": 98,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://substantiajurnal.org",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 776,
"width": 235,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "90 | Muhammad Zaini, Kontribusi Agama bagi Kemajuan Sosial",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 84,
"width": 439,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut para mufassir, yang dimaksud dengan fitrah Allah pada ayat di atas adalah ciptaan Allah, yakni manusia diciptakan Allah mempunyai naluri beragama yaitu agama tauhid. kalau ada manusia tidak beragama tauhid, maka hal itu tidaklah wajar. mereka tidak beragama tauhid itu hanyalah lantaran pengaruh lingkungan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 147,
"width": 439,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Adapun agama dalam pengertian secara umum dapat didefinisikan sebagai seperangkat aturan berupa hukum yang harus dipatuhi, baik dalam bentuk perintah yang wajib dilaksanakan maupun berupa larangan yang harus ditinggalkan dan pembalasannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 195,
"width": 439,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Terkait dengan definisi di atas, maka agama selanjutnya didefinisikan sebagai suatu sistem keyakinan yang dianut dan tindakan-tindakan yang diwujudkan oleh suatu kelompok atau masyarakat dalam menginterpretasikan dan memberi respon terhadap apa yang dirasakan dan diyakini sebagai yang suci. Agama sebagai sistem keyakinan dapat menjadi bagian dari sistem-sistem yang ada dalam kebudayaan dari masyarakat yang bersangkutan, dan menjadi pendorong atau penggerak serta pengontrol bagi tindakan- tindakan para anggota masyarakat tersebut agar tetap sesuai dengan nilai-nilai kebudayaan dan ajaran agamanya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 322,
"width": 439,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dengan demikian agama berfungsi membakukan nilai-nilai budaya yang dimiliki masyarakat bersangkutan. Dalam hal ini ajaran agama dapat berpengaruh kuat terhadap sistem nilai dan kebudayaan, yang mewujudkan sebagai sistem simbol suci yang bermuatan makna dan bersumberkan ajaran agama sebagai acuannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 385,
"width": 439,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suatu realitas yang tak terelakkan bahwa masyarakat itu berkembang secara dinamis sesuai dengan kebutuhannya. Untuk menutupi kebutuhan tersebut melahirkan karya yang berupa teknologi sebagai alat untuk efisiensi kerja dan peningkatan volume produksi ekonomi sehingga manusia bisa hidup dalam kenyamanan dan terlindungi. Akan tetapi dibalik itu bisa menimbulkan malapetaka bagi kehidupan manusia yang berimplikasi pada kehidupan sosial kemasyarakatn seperti kemiskinan, pembunuhan, pemerkosaan, perkelahian antar suku dan agama serta masalah -masalah kesenjangan sosial lainnya yang disebabkan oleh terhimpitnya kehidupan mereka dari kungkungan penguasa dan ketidakadilan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 528,
"width": 439,
"height": 106,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Problem-problem sosial tersebut diperlukan usaha-usaha strategis dari agama, karena agama mampu mencerminkan perilaku baik di dalam kehidupan masyarakat secara harmonis, sebab itu agama berperan sebagai interpretatif yang memberikan makna terhadap realitas dan kerangka acuan normatif. Agama pada satu sisi secara konservatif cenderung mempertahankan kemampuan, dan di sisi lain dapat memberikan legitimasi terhadap perubahan. Oleh karena itu agama tak hanya memberikan pengesahan terhadap realitas tertentu, tetapi agama juga berfungsi kritik terhadap tatanan yang menyimpang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 639,
"width": 439,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam kenyataan demikian, agama sebagai sistem kebudayaan adalah suatu sistem simbol yang bertindak untuk memantapkan, meresapkan perasaan-perasaan dan motivasi- motivasi secara kuat, menyeluruh dan bertahan lama dalam diri manusia dengan memformulasikan konsepsi-konsepsi keteraturan atau tata tertib suatu kehidupan dan menyelimuti konsepsi-konsepsi tersebut dengan cara tertentu secara nyata sehingga perasaan-perasaan dan motivasi-motivasi tersebut tampak secara unik bersifat nyata ada.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 734,
"width": 439,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sementara itu proses perubahan sosial berjalan sangat kompleks. Perubahan sosial dimotori oleh beberapa hal antara lain: ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, organisasi dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 56,
"width": 164,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Substantia, Volume 18 Nomor 1, April 2016",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 419,
"top": 56,
"width": 98,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://substantiajurnal.org",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 228,
"top": 778,
"width": 289,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muhammad Muhammad Zaini, Kontribusi Agama bagi Kemajuan Sosial l | 91",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 84,
"width": 439,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ideologi atau keyakinan masyarakat. Pesatnya kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, pada satu sisi juga menimbulkan goncangan sosial-budaya (cultural and sosial shock). Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang diikuti oleh revolusi industri di negara-negara barat dan dampaknya menyeluruh di seantero dunia, terutama pada bidang informasi dan komunikasi yang sangat pesat. Batas-batas antar negara dan bangsa-bangsa seakan-akan tidak ada gunanya lagi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 179,
"width": 439,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam menghadapi proses perubahan itu agama harus menegaskan dirinya di mana letaknya ia sebagai suatu institusi. Sebab dalam masyarakat yang masih sederhana, agama biasanya berfungsi untuk segala-galanya. Sistem kepercayaan agama, nilai-nilai dan praktek-praktek keagamaan memiliki pengaruh langsung terhadap tingkah laku sosial masyarakat. Sebaliknya dalam masyarakat yang semakin maju, setiap institusi sosial melakukan pembidangan yang berbeda satu dengan yang lain. Deferensiasi kehidupan sosial dalam bentuk munculnya lembaga-lembaga sosial inilah yang oleh para sosiolog agama dinamakan proses sekularisasi, artinya pembidangan yang terpisah antara institusi agama dengan institusi atau aspek sosial lainnya. Namun dalam suasana deferensiasi ini, agama juga sering mendorong individu memiliki kesadaran beragama yang lebih mendalam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 354,
"width": 439,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam kondisi sebagaimana tersebut di atas, beberapa fungsi agama dalam kehidupan masyarakat di antaranya adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 385,
"width": 439,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Agama mendorong terciptanya persetujuan mengenai sifat dan isi kewajiban-kewajiban sosial dengan memberikan nilai-nilai yang berfungsi untuk menyalurkan sikap anggota masyarakat, dan menetapkan isi kewajiban-kewajiabn sosial mereka. Dalam peranan ini manusia dan agama telah membantu menciptakan sistem-sistem nilai sosial yang terpadu dan utuh.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 465,
"width": 439,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Dalam hirarki nilai, agama merupakan nilai tertinggi. Karena itu dengan pembatasan nilai-nilai tertinggi, agama telah mengatur banyak nilai yang bermacam-macam. Selanjutnya integrasi nilai-nilai ini dengan penampilannya yang lebih dapat dimengerti, juga memperbesar kemungkinan bagi tercapainya konsesus terhadap nilai-nilai agama tersebut. 24",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 544,
"width": 439,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Agama memberi legitimasi terhadap tujuan dan prosedur dari masyarakat itu sendiri. Agama membuat orang tetap setia pada komitmen-komitmen mereka, menguatkan ketetapan hati dalam berjuang, menerangkan ketidakberuntungan dan memberi petunjuk cara bertindak mereka. Fungsi agama seperti ini menyumbang stabilitas, keamanan dan ketertiban masyarakat.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 623,
"width": 439,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Agama memberikan sanksi norma tingkah laku dan menyediakan pembenaran terakhir. Melalui sanksi agama memberikan dasar strategis bagi pengendalian sosial dalam menghadapi kecenderungan penyimpangan yang berbahaya bagi stabilitas masyarakat.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 671,
"width": 439,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Agama bertindak menguatkan kesatuan dan stabilitas masyarakat dengan mendukung pengendalian sosial, menopang nilai-nilai dan tujuan yang mapan serta menyediakan sarana untuk mengatasi kesalahan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 754,
"width": 365,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "24 Hari Susanto, Mitos Menurut Pemikiran Mircea Eliade (Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 1997), 64.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 56,
"width": 162,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Substantia, Volume 18 Nomor 1, April 2016",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 419,
"top": 56,
"width": 98,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://substantiajurnal.org",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 776,
"width": 235,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "92 | Muhammad Zaini, Kontribusi Agama bagi Kemajuan Sosial",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 84,
"width": 439,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dengan demikian, secara umum dapat dikatakan bahwa agama dalam masyarakat adalah untuk memperkuat legitimasi pembagian fungsi, dan pemberian ganjaran terhadap suatu tindakan yang merupakan ciri khas suatu masyarakat. Agama juga menangani keterasingan dan kesalahn individu yang menyimpang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 163,
"width": 62,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 179,
"width": 439,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan uraian-uraian di atas dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa agama memiliki peran yang cukup besar dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Agama akan tetap hidup meskipun banyak tantangan yang dihadapi. Oleh karena itu dari pihak masyarakat itu sendiri penting untuk memperhatikan dan memelihara kehidupan agama mereka. Masyarakat tidak perlu menciptakan “agama baru” untuk menjawab permasalahan hidup manusia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 258,
"width": 439,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ketika masyarakat kehilangan pegangan norma yang membuat hidupnya tidak bernilai, agama akan berfungsi sebagai langit pelindung bagi seseorang. Seumpama orang yang kepanasan di tengah padang tandus, agama dapat berfungsi sebagai langit pelindung untuk keteduhan dan kesejukan. Agama dapat juga menyatukan unsur-unsur yang tercerai berai dengan kesucian dan kedamaian yang dibawanya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 225,
"top": 354,
"width": 145,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR KEPUSTAKAAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 385,
"width": 404,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abdullah Sany. Sosiologi dan Perubahan Masyarakat. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya, 1995.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 411,
"width": 439,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Alek Lanur. Dimensi Sosial dalam Manusia Dalam Pijar-Pijar Kekayaan Dimensinya (ed) Mudji Sutrisno. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 1993.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 451,
"width": 404,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Elly M. Setiadi et al. Ilmu Sosial dan Budaya Dasar, Cet. I. Jakarta: Kencana, 2006.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 476,
"width": 306,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hendropuspito, Sosiologi Agama. Yogyakartar: Kanisius, 1988.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 502,
"width": 408,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hari Susanto, Mitos Menurut Pemikiran Mircea Eliade. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 1997.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 528,
"width": 439,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "John M. Echols dan Hassan Shadily, Kamus Inggris Indonesia. Jakarta: PT Gramedia, 2003.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 568,
"width": 440,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "J. Dwi Narwoko-Bagong Suyanto (ed.), Sosiologi Teks Pengantar dan Terapan. Jakarta: Kencana, 2004.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 607,
"width": 439,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Koentowibisono, Penjabaran Hak-Hak Asasi Manusia Berdasarkan Nilai-Nilai Pancasila, Suatu Pemahaman Secara Filsafat, Jurnal Filsafat No. 12, November 1992.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 647,
"width": 439,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "L. David (ed), International Encyclopedia of the Sosial Sciences. London: Collier Macmillan, 1972.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 686,
"width": 373,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Moeslim Abdurrahman, Islam Transformatif. Jakarta: Pustaka Firdaus, 1995.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 712,
"width": 439,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mukti Ali dkk, Agama dalam Pergumulan Masyarakat Kontemporer, Cet. I. Yogyakarta: Tira Wacana, 1998.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 56,
"width": 164,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Substantia, Volume 18 Nomor 1, April 2016",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 419,
"top": 56,
"width": 98,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://substantiajurnal.org",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 228,
"top": 778,
"width": 289,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muhammad Muhammad Zaini, Kontribusi Agama bagi Kemajuan Sosial l | 93",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 84,
"width": 439,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Soerjono Soekanto, Sosiologi Suatu Pengantar, Cet. 43. Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo Persada, 2010.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 123,
"width": 440,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Soedjito S, Transformasi Sosial Menuju Masyarakat Industri, Cet. II. Yogyakarta: PT Tiara Wacana Yogya, 1991.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 163,
"width": 439,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selo Soemarjan, Masyarakat dan Manusia Dalam Pembangunan. Jakarta: PT Sinar Harapan, 1993.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 203,
"width": 439,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Thomas O’Dear, Sosiologi Agama, diterjemahkan oleh Yosogama. Jakarta: Rajawali, 1985.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
8ddce8ca-ca74-102a-7a7c-634a696cf67b | https://ejournal.insud.ac.id/index.php/MPI/article/download/606/526 | [
{
"left": 197,
"top": 783,
"width": 203,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "©2023 Mudir : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 45,
"width": 296,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MUDIR (Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan) P-ISSN : 2655-9331 E-ISSN : 2657-2230 Avalaible online at: https://ejournal.insud.ac.id/index.php/mpi/index Volume 5, Nomor 2, Juli 2023 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.55352/mudir",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 47,
"top": 104,
"width": 505,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "STUDY OF THE APPLICATION OF DIGITAL LITERACY IN THE FRAME OF THE IINDEPENDENT CURRICULUM TOWARDS 21st CENTURY SKILLS IN BORDER AREA STUDENTS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 167,
"width": 392,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "*1 Siprianus Jewarut, 2 Marianus Dinata Alnija 3 Margaretha Lidya Sumarni",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 181,
"top": 197,
"width": 237,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1,2,3 Institut Shanti Bhuana, Kalimantan Barat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 194,
"top": 226,
"width": 214,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Email: * 1 [email protected],",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 131,
"top": 241,
"width": 336,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 [email protected], 3 [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 281,
"width": 425,
"height": 230,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat penerapan literasi digital di sekolah dalam konteks pelaksanaan kurikulum merdeka menuju keterampilan abad 21 pada siswa daerah perbatasan. Penelitian dilakukan melalui metode kombinasi penelitian kualitatif dengan analisa studi kasus. Tahapan penelitian dilakukan dengan meramu data yang diperoleh melalui penyebaran angket, wawancara, dan observasi lapangan kemudian disajikan secara deskripsi. Penyebaran angket dilakukan pada 8 Juni 2023, sementara observasi dan wawancara dilakukan pada 15 dan 16 Juni 2023. Penelitian dilakukan pada siswa kelas 4 dan 5 SDN 01 Bengkayang Kalimantan Barat daerah Perbatasan, dengan jumlah responden 45 siswa. Hasil perolehan data melalui angket, observasi dan wawancara menunjukan integrasi literasi digital dalam penerapan kurikulum merdeka sudah dilaksanakan di sekolah, dalam angket pembuktian dapat dilihat pada jawaban no 8-10 dengan rata-rata persentase, setuju 70,00%. Efektivitas pelaksanaan integrasi literasi digital dan kurikulum merdeka dapat diketahui dari tingkat keterpahaman siswa pada pertanyaan no 1-3 dengan rata-rata persentase setuju 75,00%. Sementara terkait ketersediaan fasilitas penunjang dalam menyukseskan pelaksanaan kurikulu merdeka terutama proses integrasi literasi digital dan kampus mereka jawaban responden menunjukan masih belum memadai dengan persentase 70,00%. Data hasil angket kemudian diperkuat dengan temuan saat melakukan observasi dan wawancara dimana dalam proses pembelajaran sudah dilakukan proses integrasi literasi digital dalam pembelajaran di kelas melalui penerapan kurikulum merdeka, sementara ketersediaan fasilitas pendukung masih sangat minim hal ini sejalan dengan hasil data angket penelitian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 511,
"width": 421,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci: Literasi Digital, Kurikulum Mandiri, Keterampilan Abad 21, Pelajar, Daerah Perbatasan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 558,
"width": 424,
"height": 212,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of application of digital literacy in schools in the context of implementing an independent curriculum towards 21st century skills for students in border areas. The research was conducted through a combination of qualitative research methods with case study analysis. The stages of the research were carried out by gathering the data obtained through the distribution of questionnaires, interviews and field observations and then presented in a descriptive manner. The distribution of the questionnaire was carried out on June 8, 2023, while observations and interviews were carried out on June 15 and 16, 2023. The research was conducted on grade 4 and 5 students at SDN 01 Bengkayang, West Kalimantan, in the border area, with 45 students as respondents. The results of data acquisition through questionnaires, observations and interviews show that the integration of digital literacy in the implementation of the independent curriculum has been carried out in schools, in the evidentiary questionnaire can be seen in answers no. 8-10 with an average percentage, agree 70.00%. The effectiveness of implementing the integration of digital literacy and the independent curriculum can be seen from the level of students' understanding of questions no. 1-3 with an average percentage of 75.00% agree. Meanwhile, regarding the availability of supporting facilities in the successful implementation of the independent curriculum, especially the process of integrating digital literacy and their campus, the",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 416,
"top": 44,
"width": 136,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Application of Digital Literacy…",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 773,
"width": 17,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "484",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 57,
"width": 422,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "respondents' answers showed that they were still inadequate with a percentage of 70.00%. The data from the questionnaire results were then strengthened by findings during observations and interviews where in the learning process an integration process of digital literacy was carried out in classroom learning through the implementation of an independent curriculum, while the availability of supporting facilities was still very minimal, this was in line with the results of the research questionnaire.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 131,
"width": 428,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Digital Literacy, Independent Curriculum, 21st Century Skills, Students, Border Areas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 178,
"width": 511,
"height": 186,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Introduction The government is currently intensively promoting the implementation of an independent curriculum in every educational unit starting from Elementary School (SD) education (Ardianti, Yekti, 2022) to Higher Education (PT). This effort is considered by a number of parties to be very contextual in responding to the needs of the world of education today, especially the learning needs of generation Z students. Generation Z itself is a generational stage where technology becomes a friend for them in the process of growth and development and technology becomes a means of finding self-identity (Hastini, Yossi Lasti, Rahmi Fahmi, 2020) . To answer the learning needs of generation Z students, the government has coined a form of curriculum that is genius with technology as an integral part of implementing the learning process in schools (Subroto, Prawidi Wisnu Subroto, 2022) . The stages of independent curriculum change are currently still in the nodes of the chain of change curriculum from the K-13 curriculum to an independent curriculum. The genial idea of implementing an independent curriculum by presenting technology in learning will not run optimally when there is no good mentoring process. The digital literacy program is one of the solutions to provide good education and understanding for students and for teachers as implementers of the independent curriculum in the school environment (Asari, Andi, Taufiq Kurniawan, Sokhibul Ansor, 2019) .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 364,
"width": 511,
"height": 199,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "So the implementation of an independent curriculum in the school environment needs to be accompanied by the implementation of good digital literacy (Diputra, Komang Sujendra, Ni Ketut Desia Tristiantari 2020). The independent curriculum will only be assessed as a docmatic curriculum structure, if the implementation is not accompanied by good educational steps in the form of digital literacy stages and targeted and effective implementation in the school environment. So the government declared that the implementation of the independent curriculum and the implementation of digital literacy must go hand in hand in the educational process. With the implementation of good digital literacy, it can ensure the use of technology in learning through an independent curriculum, not only as a complement to learning, but more than that it becomes a very important part in implementing the implementation of learning, especially in efforts to transfer knowledge from teachers to students . In addition, the independent curriculum allows the learning process to be more creative by utilizing various learning resources found through the use of technology (Rahmadayanti, Dewi 2022). For example, in finding learning resources Teachers and students are no longer fixated on printed books, but become more creative by utilizing digital technology in finding learning resources such as through the use of the internet which includes search pages such as websites, blogs or mailing lists and many other learning resources. that can be found and accessed via the internet. Implementation of learning in the independent curriculum becomes more interesting, creative and effective through the use of technology.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 563,
"width": 511,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In addition, the process of integrating digital literacy in the implementation of the independent curriculum in the school environment is one of the efforts made by the government in educating the younger generation who are skilled in responding to the demands of the 21st century (Dewi, 2019) . The 21st century is often likened to the glorious century of technological developments which cover all aspects of life. The rapid development of technology has had a huge impact on the pattern of human life. Shifts in patterns of human activity are felt in the 21st century (Rahmatiani, Lusiana 2021)where in the previous century all human activities were still carried out conventionally by involving human power and even most daily activities still rely on human power. However, amid the rapid development of technology in the 21st century, there is slowly a shift in the pattern of human activity, which is starting to be replaced by using technology. The use of human power gradually began to be reduced and replaced by the use of technology. But behind every technological sophistication there are intelligent people who operate it. Intelligence in operating technology is one of the skills that humans must have today , so that technology can still be controlled by humans and not vice versa humans who are enslaved by technology.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 724,
"width": 509,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "So to address this, today's people need to master special skills in the 21st century, which are called 4C skills. 21st century skills were first introduced by the US-based Partnership for 21st Century Skills (P21) (Council 2012)which states that there are 4 characteristics of 21st century skills, namely critical thinking, communication,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 535,
"top": 44,
"width": 17,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "485",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 49,
"width": 509,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Siprianus Jewarut, Marianus Dinata Alnija, Margaretha Lidya Sumarni collaboration and creativity (critical thinking, communication, collaboration and creativity). . (Prihadi 2018)in his research emphasizes the importance of 21st century skills as part of the all-digital stages of human adaptation. The same thing was expressed by (Agustinova, Danu, Eko, Sariyatun, Leo Agung Sutimin 2022)who in his research encouraged students to have 4C abilities, so in the school environment it is necessary to carry out stages of good assistance.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 131,
"width": 510,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The 4 focus discussions on 21st century skills include, First; critical thinking, critical thinking becomes the first point in the description of 21st century skills. This shows that critical thinking is an urgent need that must be possessed by modern humans in responding to the demands of the 21st century. Scriven, Paul and Angelo in (Filsaime 2008)defines the process of critical thinking as a stage of thinking that starts from the process of analysis, synthesis and evaluation which is carried out systematically. systematic. Joseph Bishop in (Maulidah 2021)explains critical thinking is a personal ability to solve a problem in new ways and methods based on the disciplines studied. Meanwhile, in the context of education, the demand for critical thinking in learning is described by Stein and Bloom, 1956 with the term learning taxonomy. Second; Communication, Communication is one of the basic skills of the 21st century that must be possessed by modern society. The demand for the importance of communication skills is of course in line with the increasingly rapid development of technology, most of which support and make it easier for humans to communicate. The stages of communicating in question do not only stop at language skills with good vocabulary placement, but more than that communication also includes personal skills in expressing oneself, as stated in the description (Miller, K. I., Stiff, J. B., & Ellis 1988) which provides specifications on the communication process. So the ability to communicate becomes an urgent need when modern society is dealing with technology in carrying out the communication process.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 317,
"width": 513,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Third; Collaboration, the presence of technology allows humans to be able to interact with each other very easily. In response to this, humans are required to be able to interact and collaborate with one another. So skills that are also important to have in the 21st century are collaborating. Humans exchange ideas and knowledge, support each other, need each other in maintaining their survival. Technology has hacked the private space and made it a public space that allows everyone to share knowledge and collaborate. Fourth; Creativity. In the midst of the rapid development of technology today, creativity is a much needed attitude. Creativity is considered as a form of adaptation of modern humans in responding to increasingly rapid technological developments. (DeHaan 2009)in his research explained creativity is a personal ability to generate new ideas to support increased intellectual abilities and the development of knowledge. Dehaan emphasizes the description on the understanding that one's creativity can make sense and support the development of science. So creativity then becomes part of the 21st century abilities that must be owned and mastered by modern humans.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 454,
"width": 510,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Responding to the urgency of fundamental skills in the 21st century and with reference to the current rapid development of technology, the government feels the need to make new breakthroughs in the world of education by making changes to the learning curriculum system in each education unit. The independent curriculum which is currently being promoted by the government has the advantage of using technology to change the curriculum system which was previously conventional. So the presence of an independent curriculum is a breakthrough and a quick step for the government to answer the demands of skills in the 21st century. Through an independent curriculum, especially by including technology as an integral part of the educational process, the stages in improving 21st century abilities are slowly starting to be implemented in the school environment. So in this study it specifically explores the application of digital literacy within the framework of an independent curriculum to answer the demands of 21st century skills for students in border areas. Border area students are the object of research because of the urgency of field needs where technology is not yet very familiar to border area students, especially elementary school students, as explained in the results of the research conducted (Priska, V., Helena , A., Apriyon, Y., Arlianto, A. 2019). By looking at these things, this research is urgent to do and very contextual in responding to the learning demands of border area students, especially in responding to the learning needs of the independent curriculum and the demands of 21st century skills.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 665,
"width": 509,
"height": 100,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Method The method used in this discussion is a combination of qualitative research with case study analysis. The stages of the research were carried out by gathering the data obtained through the distribution of questionnaires, interviews and field observations and then presented in a descriptive manner. According to (Creswell 2013)research analysis through case studies has several basic points which are the object of field study. With so many study objects used in the field, the research results obtained are very real and what they are. The same thing was explained by (Gomm, R., Hammersley M., & Foster 2000)that research with a case study approach is carried out by analyzing real conditions with the process of digging for more in-depth information. The information",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 416,
"top": 44,
"width": 136,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Application of Digital Literacy…",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 773,
"width": 17,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "486",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 57,
"width": 510,
"height": 249,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "extracted from the case study process is more emphasized on the meaning of each information obtained and not through a general generalization process. Meanwhile (Noor 2008)emphasized that the research results obtained from carrying out case studies were more original and presented the condition of the object as it was. (Arikunto 2013)describes the implementation of case study research with a wider range of research objects which can be carried out at an institution, organization or certain phenomena which are carried out intensively, in detail and in depth. While the descriptive description model has the advantage that in its discussion it can explain a situation or phenomenon in accordance with real conditions without any manipulation of the research object (Sukmadinata 2015). This research was conducted in June 2023, with the stages of distributing the research questionnaire to respondents on June 8 and the observation and interview processes were carried out on June 15 and 16 2023. The main objects in this research were grade 4 and grade 5 students at SDN 01 Bengkayang. Classes 4 and 5 were chosen because they are high class who already understand enough in using technology. In addition, during the initial observations it was found that most of the students in grades 4 and 5 already had cellphones and in the learning process they had received digital literacy teaching materials as one of the learning themes in elementary school. Meanwhile in determining the number of respondents the method used was purposive sampling which aims to determine the research sample. The research objects totaled 45 students with details of 20 Grade 4 SD students and 25 Grade 5 SD students. In gathering data, questionnaires were administered to measure the level of students' understanding of digital literacy and the implementation of digital literacy in the context of an independent curriculum, while interviews and observations were conducted to observe models of implementing digital literacy implemented in schools in responding to the demands of 21st century skills.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 305,
"width": 116,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Findings and Discussion",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 317,
"width": 72,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Questionnaires",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 329,
"width": 509,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Questionnaires were given to respondents, in order to explore the level of students' understanding of the integration of digital literacy in the context of implementing the independent curriculum. Respondents' answers to the questionnaire were made in category number 1, 2, 3, And 4 (strongly agree, agree, disagree, and strongly disagree) . As for percentage level understanding student on the integration of digital literacy in the context of implementing the independent curriculum is presented in the following table.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 58,
"top": 391,
"width": 446,
"height": 260,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Table 1. Students' Understanding of Digital Literacy Integration in the Merdeka Curriculum Indicator 1 2 3 4 1. I understand technology 80.00% 20.00% 0% 0% 2. I understand digital literacy 30.00% 50.00% 20.00% 0% 3. I understand the independent curriculum 20.00% 45.00% 25.00% 10.00% 4. I've learned about digital literacy at school 30.00% 60.00% 10.00% 0% 5. My school environment is rich in digital literacy texts 30.00 % 30.00% 35.00% 05.00% 6. Digital literacy facilities in schools are quite adequate 05.00% 10.00% 35.00% 50.00% 7. Library and Lab. Computers are my favorite place in digital literacy 10.00% 15.00% 60.00% 15.00% 8. The independent curriculum has been implemented in schools 60.00% 20.00% 05.00% 05.00% 9. Digital literacy has been implemented in independent curriculum learning 30.00% 35.00% 25.00% 10.00% 10. Digital literacy and independent curriculum help me to understand 21st century skills. 40.00% 30.00% 25.00% 05.00%",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 663,
"width": 510,
"height": 100,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The table above presents data on the results of respondents' answers to the questionnaire that has been given. In total there were 10 statements given and each statement received very varied answers from the respondents. In statements no. 1-3 which aim to explore students' understanding of 3 research keywords namely technology, digital literacy and independent curriculum, students gave different responses. At the level of understanding of technology, respondents gave answers that strongly agreed, reaching 80.00 % , followed by agreeing 20.00%, while understanding digital literacy, respondents answered strongly agreeing 30.00% and agreeing 50.00% and the independent curriculum answered strongly agreeing 20. 00% and agree 45.00%. From this pattern of answers, it can be seen that the students of SDN 01, even though they are in border areas, already",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 535,
"top": 44,
"width": 17,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "487",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 49,
"width": 508,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Siprianus Jewarut, Marianus Dinata Alnija, Margaretha Lidya Sumarni have a good understanding of the 3 research keywords, namely technology, digital literacy and the independent curriculum.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 93,
"width": 510,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The level of students' understanding of the 3 research keywords seems to be in line with students' acknowledgment that they have received digital literacy assistance at school with a percentage of strongly agreeing 30.00 % and agreeing 60.00% and the availability of a school environment rich in digital literacy texts with a very high percentage. agree 30.00% and agree 30.00%. However, when the statement was submitted targeting the availability of digital literacy supporting facilities in schools, the respondents gave the opposite answer with a percentage of 35.00 % disagreeing and 50.00% strongly disagreeing, this is in line with the statement of favorite places in digital literacy which also targets the availability of facilities. supporters, the respondents' answers remained consistent disagreeing 60.00% and strongly disagreeing 15.00%. This proves that supporting facilities in supporting the implementation of digital literacy in SDN 01 Bengkayang schools in border areas are still very minimal and inadequate. Meanwhile regarding the implementation of the independent curriculum in schools the respondents acknowledged that the independent curriculum had been implemented with the answers 60.00 % strongly agree and 20.00% agreed, the respondents' answers were directly proportional to the integration of digital literacy with the independent curriculum in the learning process which received answers that strongly agreed 30.00% and agree 35.00%. In the final question which at the same time explored answers to the research title, the respondents gave quite good answers with a percentage of strongly agreeing 40.00 % and agreeing 30.00%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 304,
"width": 126,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Observation and Interview",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 316,
"width": 510,
"height": 100,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In exploring the level of depth of respondents' answers to the questionnaire, the next research stage was carried out by observation and interviews. This stage aims to explore the process of integrating digital literacy into the learning process in the classroom. Observations and interviews were carried out on June 15 and 16 2023. Observation targets in the 2 classes that are the object of research are grade 4 and grade 5. In grade 4, during the observation stage, Indonesian language learning was underway with the theme of discussing communication tools. At the beginning of the lesson the Indonesian teacher tried to explore the level of students' understanding of communication tools and at that time a very interesting dialogue occurred where students spontaneously mentioned and explained the communication tools they knew.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 416,
"width": 511,
"height": 87,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "After getting student answers, the teacher then explains about communication tools and their uses. At the end of the lesson the teacher deepens by inviting students to make bulletin boards together based on predetermined study groups. While in grade 5 the observation stage was carried out when the class was following an art lesson, the theme of the discussion at that time was dance. When starting the lesson the teacher invites students to learn traditional dances that exist throughout Indonesia. In order to make it easier for students to learn traditional dance, the teacher as a companion gives students the opportunity to open their cellphones and laptops to find examples of traditional dances that they can learn.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 503,
"width": 509,
"height": 148,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "During the interview process, a grade 4 student had the opportunity to become a subject who was willing to be interviewed, according to him the learning method applied through the independent curriculum was very interesting and not boring, because according to him there were many activities and creative activities carried out in class, \"especially when the teacher gave the opportunity to us (students) to open the internet looking for learning resources, we are very happy, ” (Grade 4 student interview, June 15, 2023). The Indonesian teacher, when confirmed regarding the implementation of the independent curriculum learning which included elements of technology as part of the learning process, admitted that she was very happy, \"We as teachers are of course very happy because there are many learning resources that we can use when opening up technology. Of course when students use technology in class the goals are good and make sure students use it well, ” ( Interview with Indonesian Language Teacher, 15 June 2023). While the art teacher admitted that he was happy with the sophistication of technology that made it easier for him to teach students to dance and sing , \"it's very easy sir, we just direct students to open the internet and learn traditional dance from there, of course while we assist, \" ( Interview with the Language Teacher Indonesia, 16 June 2023)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 651,
"width": 509,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The 3 research models carried out starting from distributing questionnaires, observations and interviews provide a clear picture that the level of understanding of students in border areas of technology through digital literacy and an independent curriculum is quite good as evidenced by the results of questionnaire answers that claim to have a good understanding of these 3 things with an average range of answers reaching 75.00% agree. This was then reinforced by the results of observations and interviews where the teacher no longer focused on explaining meaning but had directly practiced and integrated technology in the learning process in the classroom. While related to the stages of integration of digital literacy with the independent curriculum in the learning process the results of the questionnaire showed a positive response with an average agreed answer reaching 70.00%, this indicates that the integration stages have been carried out and are running well, this is supported",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 416,
"top": 44,
"width": 136,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Application of Digital Literacy…",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 773,
"width": 17,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "488",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 57,
"width": 509,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "through a process of observation and field interviews where teachers in the learning process have integrated technology with good digital literacy assistance. However, what is still an obstacle is the availability of supporting facilities in supporting the implementation of an independent campus, especially the integration of the use of technology, from the results of questionnaires and observation stages it is found that it is still very minimal. Conclusion",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 118,
"width": 510,
"height": 150,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The results of data acquisition through questionnaires, observations and interviews show that the integration of digital literacy in the implementation of the independent curriculum has been carried out in schools, in the evidentiary questionnaire can be seen in answers no. 8-10 with an average percentage, agree 70.00 % . The effectiveness of implementing the integration of digital literacy and the independent curriculum can be seen from the level of students' understanding of questions no. 1-3 with an average percentage of agreeing at 75.00 % . Meanwhile regarding the availability of supporting facilities in the successful implementation of the independent curriculum, especially the process of integrating digital literacy and the independent campus, the respondents' answers showed that they were still inadequate with a percentage of 70.00 % . The data from the questionnaire results were then strengthened by findings during observations and interviews where in the learning process an integration process of digital literacy was carried out in classroom learning through the implementation of an independent curriculum, while the availability of supporting facilities was still very minimal, this was in line with the results of the research questionnaire data.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 280,
"width": 53,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "References",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 292,
"width": 511,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ardianti, Yekti, NA (2022). Independent Curriculum: Meaning of Independence in Learning Planning in Elementary Schools. Journal of Educational Research and Development , 6 , 399–407. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.23887/jppp.v6i3.55749",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 329,
"width": 508,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Subroto, Prawidi Wisnu Subroto, A. Suherman. (2022). Digital Technology Integration in Mathematics Learning:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 342,
"width": 509,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A Survey with Importance-Performance Analysis. University of Muhammadiyah Tangerang (UMT) Seminar and Conference Proceedings , 210–217. https://jurnal.umt.ac.id/index.php/cpu/article/view/8094/4040 Agustinova, Danu, Eko, Sariyatun, Leo Agung Sutimin, HP (2022). The Urgency of 21st Century 4C Skills in History Learning. Socia: Journal of the Social Sciences , 19 , 49–60. Arikunto. (2013). Research Procedures, 1st ed (2nd ed.). Rineka Cipta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 404,
"width": 511,
"height": 87,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Asari, Andi, Taufiq Kurniawan, Sokhibul Ansor, ABNRP (2019). Digital Literacy Competence for Teachers and Students in the Malang Regency School Environment. BIBLIOTIKA : Journal of Library and Information Studies , 3 . http://journal2.um.ac.id/index.php/bibliotika Council, NR (2012). Education for Life and Work: Developing Transferable Knowledge and Skills in the 21st Century. In 1 . Washington DC, National Academies Press. Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches, 3rd. Washington: Sage Publications , 5 , 29–43.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 491,
"width": 507,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DeHaan, R. L. (2009). Teaching creativity and inventive problem solving in science. In 3 (pp. 172–181). CBE—Life Sciences Education.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 516,
"width": 508,
"height": 62,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dewi, D. R. (2019). Pengembangan Kurikulum di Indonesia dalam Menghadapi Tuntutan Abad ke 21 . 4 , 1–22. https://doi.org/10.51226/assalam.v8i1.123 Diputra, Komang Sujendra, Ni Ketut Desia Tristiantari, INLJ (2020). Digital Literacy Movement for Elementary School Teachers. Journal of Character Education Society , 3 , 118–128. http://journal.ummat.ac.id/index.php/JCES",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 578,
"width": 508,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Filsaime, DK (2008). Revealing the Secrets of Critical and Creative Thinking (1st ed.). Library Achievement. Gomm, R., Hammersley M., & Foster, P. (Eds. . (2000). Case study method. Key issues, key texts . Sage Publications, Inc.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 615,
"width": 509,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hastini, Yossi Lasti, Rahmi Fahmi, HL (2020). Can Learning Using Technology Increase Human Literacy in Generation Z in Indonesia? Journal of Informatics Management (JAMIKA) , 10 , 12–28. https://ojs.unikom.ac.id/index.php/jamika",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 652,
"width": 509,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Maulidah, E. (2021). 4C Skills in Learning for Early Childhood. Childhood Education: Journal of Early Childhood Education , 2 , 52–68.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 677,
"width": 509,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Miller, KI, Stiff, JB, & Ellis, BH (1988). Communication and empathy as precursors to burnout among human service workers. In 3 (55th ed., pp. 250–265). Communications Monographs. Noor, KBM (2008). case studies; A strategic research methodology. American Journal of Applied Sciences , 5 , 1602–",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 714,
"width": 25,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1604.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 727,
"width": 509,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Prihadi, E. (2018). 4C Skills Development Through the Poster Comment Method on PAI and Moral Education Subjects (Research at SMA Negeri 26 Bandung). The Spirit of the Center for Islamic Studies\" JPI_Rabbani , 464– 479.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 535,
"top": 44,
"width": 17,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "489",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 46,
"top": 49,
"width": 316,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Siprianus Jewarut, Marianus Dinata Alnija, Margaretha Lidya Sumarni",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 69,
"width": 509,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Priska, V., Helena, A., Apriyon, Y., Arlianto, A., P. (2019). Knowledge Transfer Activities Using the Drill Method for Bengkayang State Elementary School (Sdn) Students in the Border Region. Journal of Community Service Jpkm: Unimed , 1–25.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 106,
"width": 509,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rahmadayanti, Dewi, AH (2022). Portrait of the Independent Curriculum, Forms of Independent Learning in Elementary Schools. BASICDU JOURNAL , 6 , 7174 – 7187. https://jbasic.org/index.php/basicdu Rahmatiani, Lusiana, NPS (2021). Formation of Civic Disposition of 21st Century Competency-Based Students.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 45,
"top": 143,
"width": 384,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Journal of Social Moral , 6 , 54–63. https://doi.org/10.21067/jmk.v6i2.6216 Sukmadinata, N. (2015). Educational Research Methods (1st ed.). Pt Juvenile Rosdakarya.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
fa271a1b-0894-bf3c-f4ac-65662bbc3e46 | https://jurnal.unpal.ac.id/index.php/jm/article/download/500/432 | [
{
"left": 122,
"top": 84,
"width": 404,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "PENGARUH BUDAYA ORGANISASI DAN DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 185,
"top": 98,
"width": 278,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. RUTAN PALEMBANG",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 257,
"top": 125,
"width": 134,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dra. Hj. Delimawati, M.Si",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 139,
"width": 235,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dosen Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Palembang",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 167,
"width": 58,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 194,
"width": 462,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT. Rutan Palembang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan PT Rutan Palembang. Pengambilan data menggunakan sampling jenuh yang didistribusikan kepada 32 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner dan dokumentasi dengn analisis regresi linear berganda.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 277,
"width": 462,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda, melalui uji T dan uji F, dengan maksud untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel independen terhadap variabel dependent pada tingkat kepercayaan 95 % (a = 0,05). Hasil penguji pada uji T pada variabel budaya organisasi berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja, hal terlihat dari nilai t hitung (3,551) > t tabel (2,045), signifikansi (0,00) di bawah atau lebih kecil dari 0, 05, sedangkan pada variabel disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja, hal terlihat dari nilai t hitung (2,212) > t tabel (2,045) dan signifikansi (0,00) di bawah atau lebih kecil dari 0, 05. Pada pengujian pada uji F pada variabel budaya organisasi dan disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja, hal terlihat dari nilai F hitung (6,300) > F tabel (3,328), dan signifikansi (0,01) di bawah atau lebih kecil dari 0, 05.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 429,
"width": 301,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kata Kunci : Budaya Organisasi, Displin Kerja & Kinerja",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 456,
"width": 213,
"height": 237,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "I. PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Sumber Daya Manusia merupakan salah satu modal dan merupakan peranan yang paling penting dalam mencapai tujuan perusahaan, sehingga sumber daya manusia (SDM) dituntut untuk terus menerus mampu mengembangkan diri secara proaktif. Usaha melakukan perbaikan bagi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan perusahaanya untuk menjadi perusahaan yang unggul dan sukses perusahaan harus mampu memahami dengan baik ilmu manajemen sumber daya manusia, lalu mengimplementasikanya ke dalam perusahaan. Manajemen sumber daya",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 456,
"width": 461,
"height": 265,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "manusia adalah perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengarahan, dan pengendalian dari pengadaan, pengembangan, kompensasi, pengintegrasian, pemeliharaan, dan pemberhentian karyawan, dengan maksud terwujudnya tujuan perusahaan, individu, karyawan dan masyarakat. Dalam usaha",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 525,
"width": 213,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "pencapaian tujuan tersebut, perusahaan akan mengamati seberapa jauh proses dan hasil pekerjaan yang sedang berjalan maupun yang telah dicapai saat ini (Malayu S.P.Hasibuan, 2016: 11).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 594,
"width": 210,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Budaya organisasi adalah sistem makna bersama yang dianut oleh anggota-anggotanya yang membedakan organisasi itu dan juga organisasi lainnya. Budaya organisasi dalam suatu perusahaan atau organisasi sangat dibutuhkan, karena budaya organisasi merupakan perangkat system nilai-nilai ( values ), keyakinan-keyakinan ( belief ) atau",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 84,
"width": 209,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "norma-norma yang telah berlaku,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 98,
"width": 209,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "disepakati dan diikuti oleh anggota suatu organisasi sebagai pedoman prilaku dan pemecahan masalah-masalah organisasi, sehingga terdapat peran yang sangat penting dalam budaya organisasi untuk menjaga perusahaan berjalan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Budaya organisasi yang kuat akan membuat perusahaan maju dan berkembang (Robbin,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 222,
"width": 213,
"height": 209,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2016:721). Budaya organisasi yang kuat merupakan pembangkit semangat yang paling berpengaruh dalam menuntun perilaku karena dapat membantu para karyawan melakukan pekerjaan- pekerjaannya dengan lebih baik, nilai- nilai budaya dapat diterjemahkan sebagai filosofi usaha, asumsi dasar, slogan atau moto perusahaan atau organisasi, tujuan umum organisasi dan prinsip-prinsip yang menjelaskan usaha. Nilai-nilai tersebut apabila dianut dan dilaksanakan secara bersama oleh pemimpin dan anggota organisasi dapat memperkuat budaya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 84,
"width": 210,
"height": 195,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "organisasi. Kedisiplinan adalah kesadaran dan kesediaan seseorang mentaati semua peraturan perusahaan dan norma-norma sosial yang berlaku. Dengan disipliln yang tinggi akan dapat membantu meningkatkan kinerja.Untuk dapat menjadi perusahaan yang mempunyai daya saing pada ekonomi global yang semakin berkembang, maka perusahaan dituntut untutk dapat meningkatkan produktivitas kerja karyawan dan menciptakan kedisiplinan para karyawan demi mencapai tujuan perusahaan (Malayu S.P Hasibuan, 2016 ;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 277,
"width": 25,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "193).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 384,
"top": 291,
"width": 60,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sehubungan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 291,
"width": 213,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "dengan objek penelitian PT. Rutan Palembabg, peneliti melakukan pra survei dimana masih ada karyawan yang mempunyai budaya organisasi yang kurang baik. Hal terlihat keluar masuk karyawan (turnover) dan ketidakhadiran karyawan dalam bekerja. Berikut ini data keluar masuk karyawan (turnover) PT. Rutan Palembang dari tahun 2016-2020.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 442,
"width": 48,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 1.1",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 456,
"width": 382,
"height": 100,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "PT. Rutan Palemabng Tahun Jumlah karyawan Awal tahun Jumlah Karyawan Jumlah Karyawan Akhir Tahun Jumlah rata-rata karyawan Tingkat LTO (%) Masuk Keluar 2016 26 10",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 540,
"width": 417,
"height": 168,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2 34 30 6,67 2017 34 - 2 32 33 6,06 2018 32 5 1 36 34 2,94 2019 36 10 4 42 39 10.26 2020 42 - 10 32 37 27,03 Sumber: PT. Rutan Tahun 2020 Dari tabel 1.1 diatas terlihat adanya jumlah karyawan masuk dan keluar. Pada tahun 2016 jumlah karyawan awal tahun 26 orang, karyawan masuk 10 orang jadi semuanya",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 637,
"width": 209,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "berjumlah 36 orang dan keluar 2 orang jadi 36 - 2 = 34 orang karyawan pada akhir tahun dengan tingkat LTO 6,67. Pada tahun 2017 jumlah karyawan awal tahun 34 orang, karyawan masuk tidak ada",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 84,
"width": 209,
"height": 195,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "sehingga berjumlah 34 orang dan yang keluar 2 orang jadi 3 4 -2 = 34 orang dengan tingkat LTO yang menurun menjadi 6,06,5%. Pada tahun 2018 jumlah karyawan awal tahun 32 orang, karyawan yang masuk 5 orang jadi semuanya berjumlah 37 orang dan yang keluar 1 orang jadi 37 - 1 = 36 orang dengan tingkat LTO 2,94%. Pada tahun 2019 jumlah karyawan awal tahun 36 orang, karyawan yang masuk 10 orang jadi semuanya berjumlah 46 orang dan yang keluar 4 orang jadi 46 - 4 = 42 orang karyawan pada akhir tahun dengan tingkat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 277,
"width": 209,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "LTO yang naik dibanding tahun sebelumnya yaitu sebesar 10,26%.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 84,
"width": 402,
"height": 391,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2020 jumlah karyawan awal tahun 42 orang, karyawan yang masuk tidak ada dan yang keluar 10 orang jadi 42 – 10 = 32 orang karyawan pada akhir tahun dengan tingkat LTO yang tinggi dari tahun sebelumnya yaitu sebesar 27,03 %. Keluar masuknya karyawan yang tinggi tersebut terjadi karena disebabkan oleh mereka merasa kurang puas dengan lingkungan kerja yang tidak nyaman, hubungan yang kurang haromonis, serta juga bisa disebabkan karena tidak sebandingnya kompensasi yang di terima, sehingga mereka berusaha mencari pekerjaan lain yang dianggap lebih sesuai. Tabel 1.2 Perkembangan Jumlah Karyawan yang keluar Pada PT. Rutan Palembang Tahun Jumlah karyawan keluar Jumlah karyawan di PHK Jumlah karyawan mengundurkan diri Jumlah 2016 2 - 2 2 2017 2 1 1 2 2018 1 - 1 1 2019 4 2 2 4",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 473,
"width": 382,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2020 10 10 - 10 Sumber: PT. Rutan Tahun 2020 Dari tabel 2 terlihat tahun 2016 jumlah karyawan keluar sebanyak 2 orang dengan mengundurkan diri. Tahun 2017 jumlah karyawan keluar 2 orang, 1 orang PHK, 2 orang mengundurkan diri.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 584,
"width": 205,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tahun 2018 karyawan keluar 1 orang mengundurkan diri. Tahun 2019 karyawan keluar 4 orang, 2 orang PHK dan 2 orang mengundurkan diri. Tahun 2020 karyawan keluar sebanyak 10 orang karena Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja (PHK) disebabkan karena adanya wabah pandemic virus Corona (Covid-19) yang melanda dunia termasuk Indonesia.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 515,
"width": 205,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hal ini diungkapkan oleh Ibu Emira Fadillah, SE. selaku HRD di PT. Rutan Palembang. “Adapun adanya karyawan yang di PHK pada tahun 2017 dan tahun 2019, dikarenakan pihak perusahaan ini mengutamakan kejujuran dalam kegiatan perusahaan, selain itu adanya",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 612,
"width": 205,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "ketidakpuasan perusahaan terhadap kinerja karyawan tersebut. Indisipliner pada karyawan dan beberapa tindak kejahatan yang dilakukan karyawan sehingga terjadi PHK. Sedangkan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 681,
"width": 205,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "alasan adanya pengunduran diri secara garis besar adalah",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 84,
"width": 205,
"height": 154,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "karyawan ingin mencari pengalaman baru ditempat yang baru. Tetapi ada beberapa alasan lain misalnya jumlah kompensasi yang diperoleh tidak cukup memadai, kurangnya kesempatan untuk berkembang di perusahaan, pekerjaan yang kurang menantang, kurangnya ketersediaan peralatan kerja yang kurang memadai sehingga menjadi salah satu faktor karyawan keluar, persaingan antar karyawan, lingkungan kerja yang tidak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 236,
"width": 204,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sedangkan pada tahun 2020 perusahaan terpaksa merumahkan sebanyak 10 orang karyawan karena perusahaan tidak mampu lagi untuk memberikan kompensasi penuh kepada seluruh karyawannya, sehingga mengambil keputusan yang berat untuk merumahkan karyawannya hal ini dilakukan karena adanya penyebaran pandemic virus Corona (Covid-19)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 84,
"width": 213,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "PT. Rutan Palembang merupakan merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang perdagangan alat-alat pertanian (Tractor Tangan, Tractor Iseki, Mesin Pengering Padi, Agrindo ARM 1000 untuk alat pemroses dari padi beras, Pompa Air khusus Irigasi), produk ini dibuat rangka untuk memenuhi kebutuhan akan pangan di wilayah Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 222,
"width": 213,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan pengamatan peneliti terdapat fenomena masalah disiplin kerja karyawan dimana banyak karyawan yang sering terlambat masuk kerja dan keluar sebelum jam istirahat. Masalah disiplin ini juga dapat dilihat dari absensi karyawan dari tahun 2017, tahun 2018, tahun 2019 dan tahun 2020 pada tabel sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 369,
"width": 48,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel .1.3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 383,
"width": 439,
"height": 336,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Rekapitulasi Absensi Karyawan CV. Rutan Palembang Tahun 2016 Bulan Jlh hari kerja Jlh karyawan Hadir % Tidak Hadir % Izin % Sakit % Alpa % Ket Januari 25 26 84,62 15,38 11,54 3,84 0 H=22, TH=4, I=3, S=1, A=0 Februari 24 26 84,62 15,38 7,69 3,85 3,84 H=22, TH=,4 I=2, S=1, A=1 Maret 25 30 80 20 10 3,33 6,67 H=24, TH=6, I=3, S=1, A=2 April 26 30 73,33 26,67 16,67 6,67 3,33 H=22, TH=8, I=5, S=2, A=1 Mei 24 29 82,76 17,24 6,90 10,34 0 H=24, TH=5, I=2, S=3, A=0 Juni 26 28 82,14 17,86 0 14,29 3,57 H=23, TH=5, I=0, S=4, A=1 Juli 21 30 83,33 16,67 6,67 6,67 3,33 H=25, TH=5 I=2, S=2, A=1 Agustus 26 32 81,25 18,75 3,13 9,37 62,5 H=26, TH=6 I=1, S=3, A=2 September 25 32 75 25 6,24 9,38 9,38 H=24, TH=8, I=2, S=3, A=3 Oktober 26 34 76,47 23,53 11,76 8,82 2,94 H=26, TH=8, I=4, S=3, A=1 November 26 34 82,35 17,65 0 11,76 5,89 H=28, TH=6, I=0, S=4, A=2",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 101,
"top": 85,
"width": 443,
"height": 476,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Desember 25 34 70,59 29,41 11,76 11,76 4,89 H=24, TH=10, I=4, S=4, A=2 RATA-RATA 874,11 H=31, TH=10, I=4, S=4, A=2 Sumber: PT. Rutan Tahun 2016 Tabel 1.4 Rekapitulasi Absensi Karyawan CV. Rutan Palembang Tahun 2017 Bulan Jlh hari kerja Jlh karyawan Hadir % Tidak Hadir % Izin % Sakit % Alpa % Ket Januari 26 34 70,59 29,41 8,82 11,77 8,82 H=24, TH=10, I=3, S=4, A=3 Februari 23 34 64,71 35,19 17,65 11,76 5,88 H=22, TH=,12 I=6, S=4, A=2 Maret 26 34 82,35 17,65 8,82 2,94 5,88 H=28, TH=6, I=3, S=1, A=2 April 23 34 83,35 17,65 5,88 5,88 5,88 H=28, TH=6, I=2, S=2, A=2 Mei 24 34 85,29 14,71 5,88 8,83 0 H=29, TH=5, I=2, S=3, A=0 Juni 20 34 83,35 17,65 2,94 11,76 2,94 H=28, TH=6, I=1, S=4, A=1 Juli 26 34 73,53 26,47 14,71 5,88 5,88 H=25, TH=9 I=5, S=2, A=2 Agustus 26 32 81,25 18,75 3,12 9,38 6,25 H=26, TH=6 I=1, S=3, A=2 September 24 32 75 25 6,25 9,37 9,37 H=24, TH=8, I=2, S=3, A=3 Oktober 26 32 81,25 18,75 6,25 9,37 3,12 H=26, TH=6, I=2, S=3, A=1 November 26 32 87,50 12,5 0 12,5 0 H=28, TH=4, I=0, S=4, A=0 Desember 23 32 81,25 18,75 12,50 0 6,25 H=26, TH=6, I=4, S=0, A=2 RATA-RATA H=31, TH=10, I=4, S=4, A=2",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 560,
"width": 156,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sumber: PT. Rutan Tahun 2017",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 239,
"top": 84,
"width": 171,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 1.5 Rekapitulasi Absensi Karyawan CV. Rutan Palembang Tahun 2018",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 140,
"width": 453,
"height": 570,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Bulan Jlh hari kerja Jlh karyawan Hadir % Tidak Hadir % Izin % Sakit % Alpa % Ket Januari 26 32 87,50 12,50 9,37 3,13 0 H=28, TH=4, I=3, S=1, A=0 Februari 23 32 87,50 12,50 6,25 3,12 3,12 H=28, TH=,4 I=2, S=1, A=1 Maret 26 34 88,23 11,76 8,82 2,94 0 H=30, TH=4, I=3, S=1, A=0 April 24 34 85,29 14,91 14,91 0 0 H=29, TH=5, I=5, S=0, A=0 Mei 24 34 88,24 11,76 5,88 0 5,88 H=30, TH=4, I=2, S=0, A=2 Juni 18 37 86,49 13,51 0 10,81 2,70 H=32, TH=5, I=0, S=4, A=1 Juli 26 37 86,49 13,51 5,40 5,40 2,71 H=32, TH=5 I=2, S=2, A=1 Agustus 25 36 72,22 27,88 11,11 8,33 8,33 H=26, TH=10 I=4, S=3, A=3 September 25 36 66,67 33,33 16,67 8,33 8,33 H=24, TH=12 I=6, S=3, A=3 Oktober 27 36 69,44 30,56 11,11 16,67 2,78 H=25, TH=11, I=4, S=6, A=1 November 25 36 77,78 22,22 5,56 11,10 5,56 H=28, TH=8, I=2, S=4, A=2 Desember 24 36 66,67 33,33 8,33 13,89 11,10 H=24, TH=12, I=3, S=5, A=4 RATA-RATA 80.21 19.82 8.62 6.97 4.21 H=31, TH=10, I=4, S=4, A=2 Sumber: PT. Rutan Tahun 2018 Tabel 1.6 Rekapitulasi Absensi Karyawan CV. Rutan Palembang Tahun 2019 Bulan Jlh hari kerja Jlh karyawan Hadir % Tidak Hadir % Izin % Sakit % Alpa % Ket Januari 26 36 86,11 13,89 11,11 2,78 0 H=31, T=,5 I=4, S=1, A=0 Februari 23 36 88,89 11,11 2,78 0 8,33 H=32, T=4, I=1, S=0, A=3 Maret 25 34 100 0 0 0 0 H=34, T=0, I=0, S=0, A=0 April 23 34 94,12 5,88 2,94 2,94 0 H=32, T=2, I=1, S=1, A=0 Mei 24 32 96,88 3,12 0 3,12 0 H=31, T=1, I=0, S=1, A=0",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 85,
"width": 439,
"height": 188,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Juni 22 32 87,50 12,50 6,25 6,25 0 H=28, T=4, I=2, S=2, A=0 Juli 26 38 84,21 15,79 10,53 2,63 2,63 H=32, T=6, I=4, S=1, A=1 Agustus 26 38 92,11 7,89 7,89 0 0 H=35, T=3, I=3, S=0, A=0 September 25 38 84,21 15,79 5,26 7,89 2,63 H=32, T=6, I=2, S=3, A=1 Oktober 26 42 85,71 14,29 2,38 9,52 2,38 H=36, T=6, I=1, S=4, A=1 November 25 42 90,48 9,52 5,26 2,38 2,38 H=38, T=4, I=2, S=1, A=1 Desember 25 42 92,86 7,14 0 2,38 5,26 H=39, T=3, I=0, S=1, A=2 RATA-RATA 90.26 9.74 4.53 3.32 1.97 H=29, T=8, I=4, S=2, A=2",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 272,
"width": 449,
"height": 429,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sumber: PT. Rutan Tahun 2019 Tabel 1.7 Rekapitulasi Absensi Karyawan CV. Rutan Palembang Tahun 2020 Bulan Jlh hari kerja Jlh karyawan Hadir % Tidak Hadir % Izin % Sakit % Alpa % Ket Januari 25 42 73,81 26,19 11,90 9,52 4,77 H=31, T=,11 I=5, S=4, A=2 Februari 25 42 88,09 11,91 2,38 7,14 2,38 H=37, T=5, I=1, S=3, A=1 Maret 25 38 84,21 15,79 10,53 2,63 2,63 H=32, T=6, I=4, S=1, A=1 April 25 38 78,95 21,05 7,89 7,89 5,27 H=30, T=8, I=3, S=3, A=2 Mei 22 34 100 0 0 0 0 H=34, T=0, I=3, S=1, A=1 Juni 25 34 94,12 5,88 5,88 0 0 H=32, T=2, I=2, S=0, A=0 Juli 26 34 97,06 2,94 0 2,94 0 H=33, T=1, I=0, S=1, A=0 Agustus 24 34 91,18 8,82 8,82 0 0 H=31, T=3, I=3, S=0, A=0 September 26 32 87,50 12,50 12,50 0 0 H=28, T=4 I=4, S=0, A=0 Oktober 26 32 90,63 9,37 3,12 3,12 3,12 H=29, T=3, I=1, S=1, A=1 November 25 32 84,38 15,62 6,25 0 9,37 H=27, T=5, I=2, S=0, A=3 Desember 26 32 87,50 12,50 6,25 3,12 3,12 H=28, T=4, I=2, S=1, A=1 RATA-RATA 88.12 11.88 6.29 3.03 2.56 H=29, T=8, I=4, S=2, A=2",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 700,
"width": 156,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sumber: PT. Rutan Tahun 2020",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 136,
"top": 84,
"width": 109,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hasil pengamatan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 84,
"width": 213,
"height": 361,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "peneliti menemukan bahwa kinerja karyawan belum maksimal. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari tabel diatas, masih terdapat karyawan yang tidak hadir kerja yang mengindikasikan bahwa ketidakpatuhan pada jam kerja yang ditetapkan oleh perusahaan. Kualitas kerja karyawan masih rendah, hal ini disebabkan dalam melaksanakan pekerjaan seperti tidak memenuhi target yang telah ditentukan. Kinerja karyawan merupakan hasil kerja yang dicapai seseorang dalam melaksanakan tugas-tugas yang dibebankan kepadanya untuk mencapai target kerja. Kinerja karyawan merupakan salah satu faktor penentu keberhasilan perusahaan atau organisasi dalam mencapai tujuannya. Untuk itu kinerja dari para karyawan harus mendapat perhatian dari para pimpinan perusahaan, sebab menurunnya kinerja dari karyawan dapat mempengaruhi kinerja perusahaan secara keseluruhan. Berdasarkan uraian diatas peneliti tertarik untuk",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 429,
"width": 212,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "melakukan penelitian dengan judul “Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 470,
"width": 165,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Karyawan PT. Rutan Palembang”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 503,
"width": 209,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1.2 Perumusan Masalah Berdasarkan latar belakang masalah yang telah diuraikan sebelumnya, maka yang menjadi rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 586,
"width": 209,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Apakah budaya organisasi dan disiplin kerja berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Rutan Palembang?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 641,
"width": 209,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Apakah budaya organisasi dan disiplin kerja berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Rutan Palembang?",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 84,
"width": 147,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 98,
"width": 213,
"height": 609,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2.1. Budaya Organisasi 2.1.1 Pengertian Budaya Suatu keberhasilan kerja, berakar pada nilai-nilai yang dimiliki dan perilaku yang menjadi kebiasaannya. Nilai- nilai tersebut bermula dari adat kebiasaan, agama, norma dan kaidah yang menjadi keyakinannya menjadi kebiasaan dalam perilaku kerja atau organisasi. Nilai-nilai yang telah menjadi kebiasaan tersebut dinamakan budaya. Oleh karena budaya dikaitkan dengan mutu atau kualitas kerja, maka dinamakan budaya kerja Edy Sutrisno (2012:12), mendefinisikan budaya organisasi sebagai perangkat sistem nilai-nilai ( values ), keyakinan-keyakinan ( beliefs ), asumsi- asumsi ( assumptions ), atau norma- norma yang telah lama berlaku, disepakati san diikuti oleh para anggota suatu organisasi sebagai pedoman perilaku dan pemecahan masalah-masalah organisasinya. Budaya organisasi juga disebut budaya perusahaan, yaitu seperangkat nilai-nilai atau norma-norma yang telah relatif lama berlakunya, dianut bersama oleh para anggota organisasi (karyawan) sebagai norma perilaku dalam menyelesaikan masalah- masalah organisasi (perusahaan). Hal yang sama juga diungkapkan oleh Mangkunegara (2012: 113) yang menyatakan bahwa budaya organisasi adalah seperangkat asumsi atau sistem keyakinan, nilai-nilai, dan norma yang dikembangkan dalam organisasi yang dijadikan pedoman tingkah laku bagi anggota-anggotanya untuk mengatasi masalah adaptasi eksternal dan internal. Menurut Turner dalam Wibowo (2016:258) budaya organisasi adalah norma-norma perilaku, sosial, dan moral yang mendasari setiap tindakan dalam organisasi dan dibentuk oleh",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 84,
"width": 213,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "kepercayaan, sikap, dan prioritas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 98,
"width": 213,
"height": 292,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "anggotanya. Budaya yang kuat dan positif sangat berpengaruh terhadap perilaku dan efektifitas kinerja perusahaan karena menimbulkan antara lain: 1. Nilai-nilai kunci yang saling menjalin, tersosialisasikan, menginternalisasi, menjiwai para anggota, dan merupakan kekuatan yang tidak tampak; 2. Perilaku karyawan secara tak disadari terkendali dan terkoordinasi oleh kekuatan yang informal atau tidak tampak; 3. Para anggota merasa komit dan loyal pada organisasi 4. Adanya musyawarah dan kebersamaan dalam hal-hal yang berarti sebagai bentuk partisipasi, pengakuan dan penghormatan kepada karyawan;",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 387,
"width": 193,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5. Semua kegiatan berorientasi kepada misi atau tujuan organisasi;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 415,
"width": 213,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "6. Para karyawan merasa senang, karena diakui dan dihargai martabat dan kontribusinya;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 456,
"width": 213,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "7. Adanya koordinasi, integrasi, dan konsistensi yang menstabilkan kegiatan-kegiatan perusahaan;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 498,
"width": 213,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "8. Berpengaruh kuat terhadap organisasi dalam tiga aspek: pengarahan perilaku dan kinerja organisasi, penyebarannya pada para anggota organisasi, dan kekuatannya yaitu menekan para anggota untuk melaksanakan nilai-nilai budaya;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 594,
"width": 206,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "9. Budaya berpengaruh terhadap perilaku individual maupun kelompok.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 646,
"width": 212,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2.1.2 Dimensi dan Indikator Budaya",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 660,
"width": 209,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Organisasi Ada tujuh karakteristik utama yang secara keseluruhan merupakan indicator budaya organisasi, menurut",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 84,
"width": 209,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Robbins dan Judge dalam (Wibowo:2015:) adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 111,
"width": 191,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Inovasi dan keberanian mengambil resiko Sejauh mana karyawan didorong untuk bersikap inovatif dan berani mengambil resiko.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 180,
"width": 191,
"height": 223,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Perhatian pada hal-hal rinci Sejauh mana karyawan diharapkan menjalankan presisi, analisis dan perhatian pada hal-hal detail. 3. Orientasi hasil kerja Sejauh mana manajemen berfokus lebih pada hasil ketimbang pada teknik dan proses yang digunakan untuk mencapai hasil tersebut. 4. Orientasi pada anggota organisasi Sejauh mana keputusan-keputusan manajemen mempertimbangkan efek dari hasil tersebut atas manusia yang ada dalam organisasi ketimbang pada individu-individu.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 401,
"width": 172,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5. Orientasi tim Sejauh mana kegiatan-kegiatan kerja diorganisasi pada tim ketimbang individu-individu.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 456,
"width": 192,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "6. Keagresifan Sejauh mana orang bersikap agresif dan kompetitif ketimbang santai dan hanya diam saja.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 357,
"top": 511,
"width": 190,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "7. Stabilitas Sejauh mana kegiatan-kegiata organisasi menekankan dipertahankannya status quo dalam perbandingan dengan pertumbuhan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 590,
"width": 91,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2.2 Disiplin kerja",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 604,
"width": 213,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2.2.1. Pengertian Disiplin Kerja Kedisiplinan merupakan fungsi operasional manajemen sumber daya manusia yang terpenting karena semakin baik disiplin kerja pegawai, semakin baik kinerja yang dapat dicapai. Tanpa disiplin yang baik, sulit bagi organisasi untuk mencapai hasil",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 701,
"width": 90,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "yang optimal.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 84,
"width": 213,
"height": 209,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kedisiplinan merupakan faktor yang utama yang diperlukan sebagai alat peringatan terhadap pegawai yang tidak mau berubah sifat dan perilakunya. Sehingga seorang pegawai dikatakan memiliki disiplin yang baik jika pegawai tersebut memiliki rasa tanggung jawab terhadap tugas yang diberikan kepadanya. Berikut adalah pengertian- pengertian disiplin kerja menurut para ahli diantaranya yaitu Menurut Hasibuan (2016:444) bahwa: “Disiplin kerja adalah kesadaran dan kerelaan seseorang dalam menaati semua peraturan perusahaan dan norma-norma sosial yang berlaku.”",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 291,
"width": 213,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Menurut Rivai (2012:244) bahwa: “Disiplin kerja adalah suatu alat yang dipergunakan para manajer untuk berkomunikasi dengan karyawan agar mereka bersedia untuk mengubah suatu perilaku serta sebagai suatu",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 360,
"width": 213,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "upaya untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan kesedian seorang dalam memenuhi segala peraturan perusahaan.”",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 401,
"width": 209,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dari beberapa pengertian disiplin kerja yang dikemukakan oleh beberapa ahli dapat disimpulkan bahwa disiplin kerja adalah sikap kesadaran, kerelaan dan kesedian seseorang dalam mematuhi dan menaati peraturan dan norma-norma sosial yang berlaku di lingkungan sekitarnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 505,
"width": 148,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2.2.2 Dimensi Disiplin Kerja",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 532,
"width": 213,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Rivai (2015: 44) menjelaskan bahwa disiplin kerja memiliki beberapa komponen seperti: 1. Kehadiran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 84,
"width": 448,
"height": 630,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hal ini menjadi indikator yang mendasar untuk mengukur kedisiplinan, dan biasanya karyawan yang memiliki disiplin kerja rendah terbiasa untuk terlambat dalam bekerja. Karyawan harus datang ke kantor teratur dan tepat waktu. Ketepatan waktu adalah hal keadaan tepat tidak ada selisih sedikitpun bila waktu yang ditentukan tiba. Ketidakhadiran seorang karyawan akan berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas kerja, sehingga instansi atau lembaga tidak bisa mencapai tujuan secara optimal.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 167,
"width": 214,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Ketaatan pada peraturan kerja. Karyawan yang taat pada peraturan kerja tidak akan melalaikan prosedur kerja, selalu mengikuti pedoman kerja yang ditetapkan oleh perusahaan, berpakaian rapi, dan menaati tata tertib yang tertulis dan tidak tertulis yang dibuat oleh perusahaan.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 277,
"width": 152,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Ketaatan pada standar kerja.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 357,
"top": 291,
"width": 195,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hal ini dapat dilihat melalui besarnya tanggung jawab karyawan terhadap tugas yang diamanahkan kepadanya. Karyawan harus mencapai standar kerja yang telah ditentukan oleh perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 374,
"width": 214,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. Tingkat kewaspadaan tinggi. Karyawan memiliki kewaspadaan tinggi akan selalu berhati-hati, penuh perhitungan dan ketelitian dalam bekerja sehingga memperkecil kesalahan yang dilakukan dalam bekerja, serta selalu menggunakan sesuatu secara efektif dan efisien.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 484,
"width": 214,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5. Bekerja etis. Beberapa karyawan mungkin melakukan tindakan yang tidak sopan ke pelanggan atau terlibat dalam tindakan yang tidak pantas. Hal ini merupakan salah satu bentuk tindakan indisipliner, sehingga bekerja etis sebagai salah satu wujud dari disiplin kerja karyawan.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 624,
"width": 64,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2.3. Kinerja",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 638,
"width": 132,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2.3.1. Pengertian Kinerja",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 652,
"width": 213,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kinerja merupakan suatu fungsi dari motivasi dan kemampuan untuk menyelesaikan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 679,
"width": 212,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "tugas atau pekerjaan.Seseorang sepatutnya memiliki",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 84,
"width": 212,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "derajat kesediaan dan tingkat kemampuan tertentu. Kesediaan dan keterampilan seseorang tidaklah cukup efektif untuk mengerjakan sesuatu tanpa pemahaman yang jelas tentang apa yang akan dikerjakan dan bagaimana mengerjakan. Kinerja merupakan perilaku nyata",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 194,
"width": 212,
"height": 251,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "yang ditampilkan setiap orang sebagai prestasi kerja yang dihasilkan oleh pegawai sesuai dengan perannya dalam instansi. Kinerja karyawan merupakan suatu hal yang sangat penting dalam upaya instansi untuk mencapai tujuan. Instansi umumnya mendasarkan perencanaan tujuan yang hendak dicapai di masa depan dengan perilaku yang diharapkan dari keseluruhan personel mewujudkan tujuan tersebut. Tujuan utama penilaian kinerja pegawai adalah untuk memotivasikan karyawan dalam mencapai sasaran operasi dan dalam memenuhi standar perilaku yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya. Berikut ini adalah beberapa pengertian kinerja menurut para ahli :",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 442,
"width": 212,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Menurut Bernadin dan Russel yang dikutip Gomes Lardoso Faustino (2010;135): “ Kinerja adalah outcome yang dihasilkan dari fungsi suatu pekerjaan tertentu atau kegiatan selama satu periode tertentu.”",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 84,
"width": 461,
"height": 568,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kinerja merupakan hasil dan keluaran yang dihasilkan oleh seorang pegawai sesuai dengan perannya dalam organisasi dalam suatu periode tertentu. Kinerja pegawai yang baik adalah salah satu faktor yang sangat penting dalam upaya instansi untuk meningkatan produktivitas. Kinerja merupakan indikator dalam menentukan bagaimana usaha untuk mencapai tingkat produktivitas yang tinggi dalam suatu organisasi atau instansi.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 142,
"width": 214,
"height": 210,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2.3.2 Indikator Kinerja Indikator untuk mengukur kinerja karyawan secara individu ada enam indikator, yaitu Robbins dalam Mangkunegara (2015:260): 1) Kualitas., Kualitas kerja diukur dari persepsi karyawan terhadap kualitas pekerjaan yang dihasilkan serta kesempurnaan tugas terhadap keterampilan dan kemampuan karyawan. 2) Kuantitas., merupakan jumlah yang dihasilkan dinyatakan dalam istilah seperti jumlah unit, jumlah siklus aktivitas yang diselesaikan.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 349,
"width": 214,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3) Ketepatan waktu, merupakan tingkat aktivitas diselesaikan pada awal waktu yang dinyatakan, dilihat dari sudut koordinasi dengan hasil output serta memaksimalkan waktu yang tersedia untuk aktivitas lain.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 432,
"width": 214,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4) Efektivitas. merupakan tingkat penggunaan sumber daya organisasi (tenaga, uang, teknologi, bahan baku) dimaksimalkan dengan maksud menaikkan hasil dari setiap unit dalam penggunaan sumber daya. 5) Kemandirian, merupakan tingkat seorang karyawan yang nantinya akan dapat menjalankan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 357,
"top": 543,
"width": 199,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "fungsi kerjanya Komitmen kerja. Merupakan suatu tingkat dimana karyawan mempunyai komitmen kerja dengan instansi dan tanggung jawab karyawan terhadap kantor.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 84,
"width": 107,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2.3. Kerangka Fikir",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 284,
"top": 98,
"width": 80,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Gambar 1 Kerangka Fikir",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 152,
"width": 116,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Budaya Organisasi (X1)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 176,
"width": 135,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Inovasi dan keberanian mengambil resiko",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 206,
"width": 131,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Perhatian pada hal-hal rinci",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 236,
"width": 119,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Orientasi hasil kerja",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 251,
"width": 134,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. Orientasi pada anggota organisasi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 280,
"width": 83,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5. Orientasi tim",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 295,
"width": 78,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "6. Keagresifan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 310,
"width": 63,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "7. Stabilitas",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 337,
"width": 74,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "(Wibowo, 2015)",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 433,
"top": 256,
"width": 56,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kinerja (Y)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 397,
"top": 282,
"width": 54,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Kualitas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 397,
"top": 298,
"width": 60,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Kuantitas",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 397,
"top": 314,
"width": 96,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Ketepatan Waktu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 397,
"top": 330,
"width": 66,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. Efektivitas",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 397,
"top": 346,
"width": 77,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5. Kemandirian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 397,
"top": 372,
"width": 115,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "(Mangkunegara, 2015:260)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 422,
"width": 94,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Disiplin Kerja (X2)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 141,
"top": 450,
"width": 64,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Kehadiran",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 141,
"top": 463,
"width": 132,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Ketaatan Pada Peraturan Kerja",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 141,
"top": 491,
"width": 122,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Ketaatan Pada Standar Kerja",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 141,
"top": 519,
"width": 120,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. Tingkat Kewaspadaan Tinggi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 141,
"top": 546,
"width": 73,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5. Bekerja Etis",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 155,
"top": 574,
"width": 68,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "(Rivai, 2015:44)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 84,
"width": 71,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2.4. Hipotesis",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 98,
"width": 209,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah : Hipotesis 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 139,
"width": 212,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Ada pengaruh budaya organisasi dan disiplin kerja secara parsial terhadap kinerja karyawan Pada PT. Rutan Palembang 2. Tidak ada pengaruh budaya organisasi dan disiplin kerja secara parsial terhadap kinerja karyawan Pada PT.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 236,
"width": 88,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Rutan Palembang",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 263,
"width": 54,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hipotesis 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 277,
"width": 212,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Ada pengaruh budaya organisasi dan disiplin kerja secara simultan terhadap kinerja karyawan Pada PT. Rutan Palembang",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 332,
"width": 212,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Tidak ada pengaruh budaya organisasi dan disiplin kerja secara simultan terhadap kinerja karyawan Pada PT. Rutan Palembang",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 407,
"width": 185,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "III. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 439,
"width": 213,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3.1. Ruang Lingkup Penelitian Agar penelitian ini terarah dan tidak menyimpang dari permasalahan maka ruang lingkup penelitian ini adalah masalah budaya kerja dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 536,
"width": 113,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3.2. Desain Penelitian",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 550,
"width": 213,
"height": 167,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian asosiatif kausal dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian asosiatif kausal adalah penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara dua variabel atau lebih (Umar, 2012:34). Penelitian ini menjelaskan hubungan memengaruhi dan dipengaruhi dari variable- variabel yang akan diteliti. Adapun pendekatan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif karena data yang",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 84,
"width": 213,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "akan digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan antar variabel dinyatakan dengan angka atau skala numerik. Adapun variabel yang akan diteliti variabel budaya organisasi sebagai X 1 dan variabel disiplin kerja sebagai X 2 dan kinerja karyawan sebagai Y.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 192,
"width": 107,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3.3. Teknik Analisis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 209,
"width": 131,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3.3.1 Uji Instrumen Data",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 223,
"width": 213,
"height": 195,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "a. Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas Data Validitas menunjukkan seberapa nyata pengujian mengukur apa yang harusnya diukur (Situmorang et al , 2015:32). Uji validitas dilakukan untuk menguji data yang didapat apakah valid atau tidak dengan alat ukur yang digunakan yaitu dengan menggunakan responden sebagai sampel penelitian. Uji Validitas dan reliabilitas dilakukan untuk menguji apakah angket (kuesioner) yang disebarkan layak untuk dijadikan instrumen penelitian. Hal ini dilakukan agar data-data yang diperoleh valid dan reliabel.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 430,
"width": 214,
"height": 250,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "b. Reliabilitas Reliabilitas menunjukkan pada suatu pengertian bahwa instrumen cukup dapat dipercaya untuk dapat dipergunakan sebagai alat pengumpulan data karena instrumen sudah baik (Situmorang dkk, 2015). Hasil suatu pengukuran dapat dipercaya apabila dalam beberapa kali pelaksanaan pengukuran terhadap subjek yang sama diperoleh hasil yang relatif sama, artinya mempunyai konsistensi pengukuran yang baik, dan suatu konstruk atau variabel dikatakan reliabel apabila memiliki Cronbach Alpha >0,60 Pengujian realibilitas instrumen menggunakan pengujian satu skor pada taraf signifikan 5%. Pengujian validitas dilakukan dengan menggunakan program SPSS versi 24,00.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 84,
"width": 174,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3.3.2 Analisis Desrkiptif Statistik",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 98,
"width": 135,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "a. Koefesien Diterminasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 111,
"width": 213,
"height": 251,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kemampuan variabel independen menjelaskan variabel dependen. Semakin besar nilai koefisien determinasi, maka semakin baik kemampuan variabel bebas menerangkan variabel terikat. Jika determinasi (r²) semakin besar atau mendekati satu, maka dapat dikatakan bahwa variabel bebas semakin besar menjelaskan variabel terikat. Koefisien determinasi (r 2 ) pada intinya mengukur seberapa jauh kemampuan model dalam menerangkan variasi variabel dependen. Nilai koefisien determinasi adalah antara nol dan satu. Nilai r 2 = yang kecil berarti kemampuan variabel-variabel independen dalam menjelaskan variasi variabel dependen amat terbatas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 372,
"width": 195,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "r 2 = (n (∑XY 2 ) – (∑XY) 2 (n(∑X 2 ) – (∑ X) 2 (n (∑Y2) - (∑Y) 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 415,
"width": 213,
"height": 195,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "b. Uji Regresi Berganda Analisis regresi linier berganda adalah pengaruh secara linear antara dua atau lebih variabel independen (X 1 , X 2 ,….X n ) dengan variabel dependen (Y). Analisis ini untuk mengetahui arah pengaruh antara variabel independen dengan variabel dependen apakah masing-masing variabel independent berhubungan positif atau negatif dan untuk memprediksi nilai dari variabel dependen apabila nilai variabel independen mengalami kenaikan atau penurunan dengan persamaan sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 118,
"top": 617,
"width": 118,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Y = a + b 1 X 1 + b 2 X 2 + e",
"type": "Formula"
},
{
"left": 118,
"top": 631,
"width": 41,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dimana:",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 118,
"top": 645,
"width": 69,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Y = Kinerja",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 118,
"top": 659,
"width": 126,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "a = Konstanta b 1 , b 2 = Koefesien regresi",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 118,
"top": 686,
"width": 121,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "X 1 = Budaya organisasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 118,
"top": 700,
"width": 98,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "X 2 = Disiplin kerja",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 366,
"top": 84,
"width": 98,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e = Standart Error",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 111,
"width": 215,
"height": 254,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "c. Pengujian hipotesis (Uji F danT) 1. Uji F Uji ini digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bersama-sama variabel bebas terhadap varibel terikat. Dimana F hitung > F tabel , maka H 1 diterima atau secara bersama-sama variabel bebas dapat menerangkan variabel terikatnya secara serentak. Sebaliknya apabila F hitung < F tabel , maka H 0 diterima atau secara bersama-sama variabel bebas tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap variabel terikat. Untuk mengetahui signifikan atau tidak pengaruh secara bersama-sama variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat maka digunakan probability sebesar 5% (α= 0,05). Jika sig > ά (0,05), maka H 0 diterima H 1 ditolak. Jika sig < ά (0,05), maka H 0 ditolak H 1 diterima.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 362,
"width": 194,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Adapun rumus uji f digunakan rumus : f = r 2 / (k-1)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 405,
"top": 402,
"width": 43,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1-r 2 / n-k",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 431,
"width": 215,
"height": 209,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Uji T Sedangkan Uji T digunakan untuk mengetahui apakah masing- masing variabel bebasnya secara sendiri-sendiri berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap variabel terikatnya. Dimana T tabel > T hitung , H 0 diterima. Dan jika T tabel < T hitung , maka H 1 diterima, begitupun jika sig > ά (0,05), maka H 0 diterima H 1 ditolak dan jika sig < ά (0,05), maka H 0 ditolak H 1 diterima. Untuk menghitung nilai nilai t hitung untuk variabel bebas (pengawasan kepatuhan internal dan komitmen organisasi ) dapat digunakan rumus sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 384,
"top": 652,
"width": 74,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "t = r √ ( n – 2)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 414,
"top": 664,
"width": 34,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "√ 1 - r 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 84,
"width": 163,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "IV. HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 125,
"width": 209,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4.1 Uji Instrumen Data a. Uji Validasi Data 1. Validasi Budaya organisasi (X 1 ) Hasil dari validitas yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa dari seluruh item (14",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 84,
"width": 209,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "butir) pertanyaan dalam kuesioner yang digunakan sebagai alat ukur ternyata semua item pertanyaan memiliki nilai diatas batas kritis yang ditentukan, sehingga dinyatakan valid. Secara terperinci nilai dari masing-masing item dapat ditunjukkan tabel berikut ini :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 302,
"top": 208,
"width": 45,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 4.7",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 222,
"width": 346,
"height": 314,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hasil Uji Validitas Budaya Organisasi (X 1 ) Butir pertanyaan Corrected Item total Correlation Status Butir 1 0.633 Valid Butir 2 0.594 Valid Butir 3 0.784 Valid Butir 4 0.641 Valid Butir 5 0.792 Valid Butir 6 0.700 Valid Butir 7 0.641 Valid Butir 8 0.792 Valid Butir 9 0.628 Valid Butir 10 0.611 Valid Butir 11 0.417 Valid Butir 12 0.574 Valid Butir 13 0.684 Valid Butir 14 0.769 Valid Sumber : Hasil olah data SPSS Ver 24,0 2. Validasi Variabe Disiplin Kerja Tabel 4.8 Hasil Uji Validitas disiplin kerja (X 2 )",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 150,
"top": 534,
"width": 304,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Butir pertanyaan Corrected Item total Correlation Status Butir 1 0.580 Valid Butir 2 0.543 Valid Butir 3 0.735 Valid Butir 4 0.714 Valid Butir 5 0.739 Valid Butir 6 0.703 Valid Butir 7 0.714 Valid Butir 8 0.698 Valid Butir 9 0.639 Valid Butir 10 0.658 Valid Sumber : Hasil olah data SPSS Ver 24,0",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 84,
"width": 155,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Validasi Variabel Kinerja (Y)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 249,
"top": 111,
"width": 151,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 4.9 Hasil Uji Validitas Kinerja (Y)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 139,
"width": 367,
"height": 387,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Butir pertanyaan Corrected Item total Correlation Status Butir 1 0.591 Valid Butir 2 0.539 Valid Butir 3 0.731 Valid Butir 4 0.793 Valid Butir 5 0.718 Valid Butir 6 0.626 Valid Butir 7 0.706 Valid Butir 8 0.810 Valid Butir 9 0.660 Valid Butir 10 0.622 Valid Sumber : Hasil olah data SPSS Ver 24,0 b. Uji Reliabilitas Data Tabel 4.10 Hasil Uji Reliabilitas Variabel Alpha Cronbach (α) Status Budaya Organisasi 0,926 Reliabel Disiplin Kerja 0,909 Reliabel Kinerja 0,911 Reliabel Sumber : Hasil olah data SPSS Ver 24,0 4.2 Analisis Deskriptif Statistik a. Koefesien Diterminasi Tabel 4.11",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 270,
"top": 523,
"width": 108,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Koefesien Diterminasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 170,
"top": 552,
"width": 288,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Model Summary Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .642 a .412 ,747 6.57830 a. Predictors: (Constant), X2, X1 Sumber : Hasil olah data SPSS V 22,0",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 645,
"width": 461,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "a. R Square (R 2 ) atau kuadrat dari R, yaitu menunjukan nilai koefesien determinasi. Angka ini akan diubah ke bentuk persen yang artinya persentase sumbangan pengaruh variabel independent terhadap variabel dependent. Nilai R 2 sebesar 0,412 artinya persentase sumbangan budaya organisasi dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja sebesar 41,2%,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 84,
"width": 440,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "sedangkan sisanya 58,8% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak dimasukkan dalam penelitian ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 125,
"width": 126,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "b. Uji Regresi Berganda",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 139,
"width": 51,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 4.12",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 125,
"top": 153,
"width": 399,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Koefesien Regresi Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 8.476 10.285 7.769 .010 X1 .807 .776 .406 3.551 .000 X2 .504 .489 .279 2.212 .001 a. Dependent Variable: Y",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 272,
"width": 193,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sumber : Hasil olah data SPSS V 24,0",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 300,
"width": 212,
"height": 168,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hasil regresinya adalah sebagai berikut : Y = α + b 1 X 1 + b 2 X 2 Y = 8,476 + 0,807 X 1 + 0,504 X 2 Dimana : Memperhatikan persamaan regresi linier berganda tersebut, diketahui nilai a. Angka konstanta dari unstandardized coefficient yang dalam penelitian ini sebesar 8,476 angka ini berupa angka konstanta yang mempunyai arti : jika variabel budaya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 357,
"top": 300,
"width": 198,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "organisasi dan disiplin kerja 0, maka jumlah kinerja sebesar 8,476 b Angka koefisien regresi X 1 sebesar 0,807. Angka tersebut mempunyai arti bahwa setiap penambahan 1% budaya organisasi maka kinerja akan meningkat sebesar 0, 807%",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 354,
"top": 397,
"width": 201,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "c. Angka koefesien regresi X 2 sebesar 0,504. Angka tersebut mempunyai arti bahwa setiap penambahan 1% disiplin kerja, maka kinerja akan meningkat sebesar 0,504%",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 472,
"width": 212,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "c. Uji Signifikansi Secara Individu (Uji t)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 500,
"width": 88,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 4.13 Koefesien Regresi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 125,
"top": 527,
"width": 399,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 8.476 10.285 7.769 .010 X1 .807 .776 .406 3.551 .000 X2 .504 .489 .279 2.212 .002 a. Dependent Variable: Y",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 620,
"width": 193,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sumber : Hasil olah data SPSS V 24,0",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 647,
"width": 213,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "a. Pengujian variabel budaya organisasi (b 1 ) dengan hipotesis : H o = koefiesien regresi (budaya organisasi) secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap kinerja",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 634,
"width": 202,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 17,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "H 1 = koefiesien regresi (budaya organisasi) secara parsial tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja. Berdasarkan hasil dari output t hitung diperoleh sebesar 3,551",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 84,
"width": 213,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Untuk mencari t tabel pada signifikansi 0,05 dengan derajat kebebasan df = n-k-1 atau 32-2-1 = 2,045 maka diperoleh nilai untuk t tabel sebesar 2,045. Karena t hitung (3,551 > t tabel (2,045), maka H 0 diterima, , H 1 ditolak artinya bahwa budaya organisasi secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap kinerja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 208,
"width": 212,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "b. Pengujian variabel disiplin kerja (b 2 ) dengan hipotesis : H o = koefiesien regresi (disiplin kerja) secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap kinerja H 1 = koefiesien regresi (disiplin kerja) secara parsial tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 101,
"top": 318,
"width": 206,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil dari output t hitung diperoleh sebesar 2,212 Untuk mencari t tabel pada signifikansi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 101,
"top": 360,
"width": 150,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "0,05 dengan derajat kebebasan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 84,
"width": 213,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "df = n-k-1 atau 32-2-1 = 29 maka diperoleh nilai untuk t tabel sebesar 2,045. Karena t hitung (2,212) > t tabel (2,045), maka H o diterima, H 1 , ditolak artinya bahwa disiplin kerja secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap kinerja",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 180,
"width": 213,
"height": 168,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "c. Uji Signifikansi Secara Bersama-sama ( uji f ) Uji-F atau uji koefesien regresi secara bersama-sama digunakan untuk mengetahui apakah secara bersama-sama variabel independen berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel dependen. Dalam hal ini untuk mengetahui apakah variabel budaya organisasi dan disiplin kerja berpengaruh secara signifikan atau tidak terhadap kinerja . Pengujian menggunakan tingkat signifikansi 0,05.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 401,
"width": 392,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Tabel 4.14 ANOVA a Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 25.926 2 12.963 6.300 .000 b Residual 1254.949 29 43.274 Total 1280.875 31 a. Dependent Variable: Y b. Predictors: (Constant), X2, X1",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 514,
"width": 213,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "H 0 : b 1 ,b 2 = 0, artinya secara bersama- sama terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan dari variabel bebas (X 1 , X 2 ) yaitu berupa budaya organisasi dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan sebagai variabel terikat (Y).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 514,
"width": 462,
"height": 196,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "H 1 : b 1 ,b 2 ≠ 0, artinya secara bersama-sama tidak terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan dari variabel bebas (X 1 , X 2 ) yaitu berupa budaya organisasi dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan sebagai variabel terikat (Y). Berdasarkan hasil dari output F hitung diperoleh nilai sebesar 6,300 Untuk mencari F tabel pada signifikansi 0,05 dengan derajat kebebasan df = n-k-1 atau 32-2-1 = 29",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 625,
"width": 213,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "maka diperoleh nilai untuk F tabel sebesar 3,328. Karena F hitung (6,300) > F tabel (3,328),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 666,
"width": 213,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 18,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "maka H o diterima, H 1 ditolak, artinya bahwa budaya organisasi dan disiplin",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 84,
"width": 213,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "kerja secara bersama-sama (simultan) berpengaruh terhadap kinerja",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 139,
"width": 172,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "V. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 153,
"width": 213,
"height": 292,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5.1. Kesimpulan 1. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis 1 (dimana variabel budaya organisasi) berpengaruh positif dan siginifikan terhadap kinerja PT. Rutan Palembang, ternyata hasil pengujian mendukung hipotesis sehingga hipotesis diterima. Dimana variabel budaya organisasi secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja. 2. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis 2 (dimana variabel disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif dan siginifikan terhadap kinerja PT. Rutan Palembang ternyata hasil pengujian mendukung hipotesis sehingga hipotesis diterima. Dimana variabel disiplin kerja secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 442,
"width": 212,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Berdasarkan hasil hipotesis 3 (dimana variabel budaya organisasi dan disiplin kerja) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap PT. Rutan Palembang ternyata hasil pengujian mendukung",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 511,
"width": 185,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "hipotesis sehingga hipotesis diterima. Dimana variabel variabel budaya organisasi dan disiplin kerja secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 608,
"width": 52,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5.2. Saran",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 622,
"width": 213,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Agar karyawan tetap menunjukan budaya kerja yang baik terhadap perusahaan dengan loyalitas, tingkat partisipasi yang tinggi dan kesediaan untuk berusaha sebaik mungkin demi kepentingan perusahaan dalam meningkatkan prestasi kerja karyawan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 84,
"width": 213,
"height": 237,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "hendaknya perusahaan lebih memperhatikan dan memberikan kebebasan dan kepercayaan penuh serta tanggung jawab kepada karyawan dalam menjalankan tugasnya. 2. Untuk meningkatkan kedisiplinan yang baik agar karyawan bersedia untuk mengubah suatu perilaku serta sebagai suatu upaya untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan kesediaannya mentaati semua peraturan perusahan maka pihak perusahaan/manajemen memberikan suatu motivasi terhadap karyawan untuk dapat merangsang lebih giat lagi bekerja.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 318,
"width": 213,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Guna meningkatkan kinerja karyawan hendaknya perusahaan /manajemen lebih sering mengadakan pengawasan, guna meningkatkan kedisiplinan terhadap karyawan untuk bekerja lebih baik lagi guna menghasilkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 371,
"top": 401,
"width": 184,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "pekerjaan yang memuaskan sesuai dengan target perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 456,
"width": 81,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Daftar Pustaka",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 472,
"width": 213,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "A .A Anwar Parabu Mangkunegara, , Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Perusahaan , PT. Remaja Rosda Karya, Bandung. 2016 Bungin, Burhan H.M, Penelitian Kualitatif",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 378,
"top": 541,
"width": 177,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": ": Kencana Prenama Media Group,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 554,
"width": 213,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jakarta, 2015 Edy Sutrisno, Manajemen Sumber Daya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 582,
"width": 213,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Manusia. Edisi Pertama, Cetakan Keempat, Kencana, Jakarta, 2015 Fuad Mas'ud, , Survai Diagnosis Organisasional (Konsep dan Aplikasi), UNDIP, Semarang, 2015 Faustino Cardoso Gomes, Manajemen",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 378,
"top": 665,
"width": 177,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 19,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sumber Daya Manusia, Edisi ke 4, Penerbit Andi, Yogyakarta, 2015",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 84,
"width": 213,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hani Handoko, Manajemen Personalia &",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 98,
"width": 212,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sumberdaya Manusia (Edisi 2), BPFE. Yogyakarta, 2017 Husein Umar, Riset Sumber Daya Manusia Dalam Organisasi, Gramedia Pustaka, Jakarta, 2014 Malayu S.P Hasibuan, Manajemen Sumber",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 180,
"width": 177,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Daya Manusia , Bumi Aksara, Jakarta, 2016",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 208,
"width": 213,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Marihot Tua Efendi Hariandja, Manajemen sumberdaya manusia: pengadaan, pengembangan, pengkompensasian dan peningkatan produktivitas pegawai, Grasindo, Jakarta, 2015 Sunarto, Perilaku Organisasi, Edisi Kedua, Amus, Yogyakarta, 2012",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 84,
"width": 205,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sedarmayanti, Sumber Daya Manusia Dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 98,
"width": 213,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Produktivitas Kerja, Mandar Maju, Bandung, 20115 Stephen P. Robbins, Prinsip-Prinsip Perilaku Organisasi, Diterjemahkan oleh Halida, Edisi Kelima, Erlangga, Jakarta, 2015 Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Bisnis,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 194,
"width": 213,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 20,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Alfabeta, Bandung, 2015 Syafrizal Helmi Situmorang, 2008. Filasafat Ilmu dan Metode Riset, Usu Press, Medan.20015 Veithzal Rivai Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Untuk Perusahaan, Edisi Kedua, Raja Grafindo, Jakarta, 2015",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
7eddb96a-9851-2fda-561c-3f971c1673bf | https://ejournal.mandalanursa.org/index.php/JISIP/article/download/2975/2387 | [
{
"left": 57,
"top": 31,
"width": 219,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 45,
"width": 424,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Vol. 6, No. 2 Maret 2022 e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944 DOI: 10.36312/ jisip.v6i1.2975/http://ejournal.mandalanursa.org/index.php/JISIP/index",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 741,
"width": 493,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3783 | Efektivitas Website Inhilnanmolek Sebagai Media Informasi Destinasi Wisata Oleh Dinas Pariwisata Pemuda Dan Olahraga Dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Riau (Afifah Ismail)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 100,
"width": 468,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Efektivitas Website Inhilnanmolek Sebagai Media Informasi Destinasi Wisata Oleh Dinas Pariwisata Pemuda Dan Olahraga Dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Riau",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 235,
"top": 160,
"width": 142,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Afifah Ismail 1 , Aldri Frinaldi 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 168,
"top": 174,
"width": 278,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1 Jurusan Ilmu Administrasi Publik, Universitas Negeri Padang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 186,
"width": 494,
"height": 79,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2 Universitas Negeri Padang Article Info Abstract Article history: Received : 05 Febuari 2022 Publish: 02 Maret 2022 Website is an effective place of publication in the development of information technology. Website as a medium of information in conveying various information needed by the community.website INHILNANMOLEK as a medium of information for visitors to access information about tourist destinations. So this study aims to determine the effectiveness of the",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 267,
"width": 341,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "INHILNANMOLEK as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors for the use of the INHILNANMOLEK. This research is a qualitative research using descriptive method. Selection of informants using purposive sampling technique. The location of this research was carried out in Indragiri Hilir Regency and data collection techniques were carried out by interview and documentation. The results of the study explain that the effectiveness of the INHILNANMOLEK as a tourist destination information medium by the Department of Tourism, Youth and Sports, and Culture of Indragiri Hilir Regency has not been effective in providing web information, has not been optimal in introducing the web to the public, there are no local regulations related to the web, limited facilities and infrastructure and PPID has not yet been formed. The supporting factor is having the INHILNANMOLEK and synchronizing the application on the playstore. As well as inhibiting factors, namely human resources, facilities and infrastructure, and the COVID-19 pandemic.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 289,
"width": 44,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Keywords:",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 300,
"width": 100,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Efektivitas, Website, Media Informasi,",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 320,
"width": 63,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Destinasi Wisata",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 392,
"width": 200,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Info Artikel ABSTRAK Article history: Diterima : 05 Febuari 2022 Terbit: 02 Maret 2022",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 402,
"width": 341,
"height": 164,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Website merupakan tempat publikasi yang efektif dalam pengembangan teknologi informasi. Situs web sebagai media informasi dalam menyampaikan berbagai informasi yang dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat. Ketersediaan situs web INHILNANMOLEK sebagai media informasi bagi pengunjung dalam mengakses informasi tentang destinasi wisata. Maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas website INHILNANMOLEK serta faktor pendukung dan penghambat pemanfaatan website INHILNANMOLEK . Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Pemilihan informan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Lokasi penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir dan teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa efektivitas website INHILNANMOLEK sebagai media informasi destinasi wisata oleh Dinas Pariwisata, Pemuda dan Olahraga, dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir belum efektif dalam penyediaan informasi web, belum optimal mengenalkan web kepada masyarakat, tidak ada peraturan daerah terkait web, terbatas sarana dan prasarana serta PPID belum terbentuk. Faktor pendukung yaitu memiliki logo INHILNANMOLEK dan tersinkronisasi aplikasi pada playstore. Serta faktor penghambat yaitu sumber daya manusia, sarana dan prasarana, dan pandemic covid-19.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 218,
"top": 569,
"width": 334,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "This is an open access article under the Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa 4.0 Internasional",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 614,
"width": 99,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Corresponding Author: Aldri Frinaldi, Universitas Negeri Padang Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 671,
"width": 114,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 685,
"width": 484,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pada industri pariwisata, media digital saat ini diperlukan dalam mengakses informasi pariwisata dengan mudah yaitu melalui web dan sosial media yang merupakan instumen yang sangat bermanfaat untuk pemasar dalam menghasilkan merek yang kuat serta menghasilkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 31,
"width": 193,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 31,
"width": 181,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 741,
"width": 493,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3784 | Efektivitas Website Inhilnanmolek Sebagai Media Informasi Destinasi Wisata Oleh Dinas Pariwisata Pemuda Dan Olahraga Dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Riau (Afifah Ismail)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 60,
"width": 484,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "keunggulan kompetitif (Simanjuntak et al.,2021). Sehingga promosi pariwisata tidak lagi dilakukan secara manual melalui baliho, pamflet, dsb. Dengan hadirnya media digital ini menjadikan suatu kesempatan besar bagi perkembangan industri pariwisata di zaman serba digital saat ini. Dalam mengunjungi destinasi wisata pada suatu negara, wisatawan perlu mencari informasi yang berkaitan dengan destinasi wisata yang ingin dikunjungi di negara tersebut. Informasi-informasi tadi perlu memanfaatkan teknologi informasi melalui media digital yaitu website.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 142,
"width": 483,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Website merupakan tempat publikasi yang efektif dalam pengembangan teknologi informasi. Website adalah sarana bagi masyarakat untuk dengan mudah mengakses berbagai informasi melalui jaringan internet. Website ialah kumpulan halaman-halaman web yang saling terhubung serta file- filenya saling terkait yang memuat informasi berbagai bentuk media seperti teks, gambar, animasi, suara atau film (Gregorius dalam Harmayani, 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 211,
"width": 484,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pengadaan situs web merupakan tahap awal dalam mewujudkan e-government. Bahkan e- government sebagai wujud menggunakan teknologi informasi seperti internet yang digunakan saat ini untuk menghubungkan kepentingan warga, bisnis dan kegiatan lainnya. Pengembangan e- government seperti website bertujuan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi, efektivitas, transparansi, dan akuntabilitas manajemen pemerintahan dengan memanfaatkan teknologi informasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 280,
"width": 484,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir diberikan julukan Kota Seribu Parit yang mana wisata-wisata tidak hanya ada di pusat Kota saja, namun terdapat juga di kecamatan-kecamatan yang ditempuh melalui jalur sungai. Memang wisata-wisata yang ada di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, akses yang ditempuh cukup jauh seperti Ekowisata Solop terletak di Kecamatan Mandah, menempuh perjalanan ± 45Menit/Laut menggunakan boat dari pusat kota Tembilahan. Dengan ini, Dinas Pariwisata, Pemuda dan Olahraga, dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir menghadirkan website INHILNANMOLEK.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 377,
"width": 484,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Website tersebut telah ada sejak tahun 2018. Serta, dapat diakses melalui laman web www.inhilnanmolek.com. Web tersebut difungsikan sebagai sarana penyampaian informasi tentang wisata yang ada di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. Dengan ini, masyarakat local maupun pendatang dimudahkan dalam mengakses informasi destinasi wisata kapan dan dimana pun melalui koneksi internet. Pada website tersebut sebagai bentuk website pariwisata, ketika seseorang ingin mengunjungi suatu destinasi wisata di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir bisa dengan mengunjungi website INHILNANMOLEK. Situs web ini memuat informasi berupa tempat-tempat wisata yang bisa dikunjungi di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 488,
"width": 484,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pada website tersebut sebagai bentuk website pariwisata, ketika seseorang ingin mengunjungi suatu destinasi wisata di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir bisa dengan mengunjungi website INHILNANMOLEK. Situs web ini memuat informasi berupa tempat-tempat wisata yang bisa dikunjungi di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. Kemudian, web ini memberikan informasi seperti Hotel, Kafe dan Restoran, Kuliner, Kerajinan Khas Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. Dan juga terdapat komunitas-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 570,
"width": 484,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "komunitas wisata, Dokumen, Galeri, Berita, Travel Pattern, Kontak, Traffic pengunjung website. Tidak hanya itu, saat mengunjungi website, pengunjung bisa mendengarkan lagu khas Melayu Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. Hal lainnya juga pada website INHILNANMOLEK memiliki logo Inhil Nan Molek sendiri sebagai bentuk branding pariwisata di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir guna dikenal oleh para wisatawan dan membedakannya dengan daerah yang lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 639,
"width": 484,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dalam situs INHILNANMOLEK memiliki 2 kategori wisata yaitu: 1) Destinasi, seperti Bukit Condong, Agrowisata Kelapa, Air Terjun 86, Pantai Bidari Desa Tanjung Pasir, Air Terjun Tembulon Rusa, Ekowisata Solop, Hutan Mangrove Sungai Asam, Makam Syekh Abdurrahman Shiddiq, dan Pulau Basu; 2) Event Wisata seperti Festival Bumi Sri Gemilang, Festival Gema Muharram, Festival Menongkah, Festival Sampan Leper, Festival Sampan Slodang, Festival Sungai Indragiri, Haul Syekh Abdurrahman Shiddiq, Jelajah Ekowisata Solop, Karnaval Budaya, serta Pemilihan Bujang dan Dara.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 31,
"width": 193,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 31,
"width": 181,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 741,
"width": 493,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3785 | Efektivitas Website Inhilnanmolek Sebagai Media Informasi Destinasi Wisata Oleh Dinas Pariwisata Pemuda Dan Olahraga Dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Riau (Afifah Ismail)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 60,
"width": 484,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Website INHILNANMOLEK telah beroperasi pada 8 Agustus 2018 sampai sekarang dan masih aktif. Website tesebut tersinkronisasi ke aplikasi yang bisa di download di Play Store dengan nama Inhil Nan Molek. Selama ± 3.5 tahun, website tersebut baru sekali diperbaharui pada 21 Juni 2021.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 115,
"width": 484,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Perbedaan website sebelumnya yaitu Pertama, fiturnya banyak ditampilkan seperti Home, Daya Tarik Wisata, Event Wisata, Hotel/Homestay, Kafe/Restoran, Kuliner, Ekonomi Kreatif, Pemuda, Olahraga, Desa Wisata, Kelembagaan dan Komunitas, Galeri, Kalender Event, Travel Pattern, Dokumen, dan Kontak. Sedangkan, setelah diperbaharui fiturnya disederhanakan yaitu Destinasi, Event Wisata, Wisata, Komunitas, Dokumen, dan Galeri. Kedua, pada bagian header menunya ditambahkan Privacy Policy, Terms & Conditions, dan Disclaimer. Ketiga, website tersebut menambahkan fitur bahasa yang bisa diubah ke bahasa tertentu. Keempat, sudah tersedianya halaman untuk ke media social seperti Instagram, Youtube, Facebook dll. Kelima, terdapat penambahan destinasi wisata yaitu Bukit Condong, Pantai Bidari Desa Tanjung Pasir, serta untuk event wisata terdiri Festival Sampan Slodang, dan Karnaval Budaya. Keenam, pada komunitas terdapat penambahan yaitu Pokdarwis Bidari, dan Saka Pariwisata. Secara keseluruhan, website tersebut melakukan perubahan pada halaman website dengan desain web yang baru dan menarik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 294,
"width": 484,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Website INHILNANMOLEK menyediakan traffic pengunjung website dengan statistiknya di bulan ini yaitu 345 pengunjung, pertahunnya yaitu 21.462 pengunjung, total pengguna web yaitu 91.176 pengunjung, total yang melihat web yaitu 325.975 pengunjung serta pengunjung online yaitu 1 (diakses pada 17 November 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 349,
"width": 483,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Website INHILNANMOLEK sebagai bentuk optimalisasi keterbukaan informasi publik sesuai dengan Undang-undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2008 pada Pasal 7 ayat (3), mengemukakan badan public perlu membangun dan mengembangkan sistem informasi dan dokumentasi untuk mengelola informasi public dengan baik dan efektif agar mudah diakses.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 405,
"width": 484,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pada dasarnya efektivitas suatu website, jika keberadaan web memenuhi tujuan dan sasaran yang telah ditetapkan, maka akan tercapai sehingga dapat dikatakan efektif. Bahwa, isi dari website tersebut sebagai inti yang akan dipublikasikan kepada informan melalui website. Maka situs web yang efektif, perlu di isi dengan informasi-informasi yang bermanfaat bagi informan. Sehingga keberadaan website INHILNANMOLEK diharapkan dapat menjadi media informasi destinasi wisata bagi masyarakat lokal maupun pendatang. Ketika tujuan itu sudah tercapai maka sudah dapat dikatakakan efektif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 501,
"width": 484,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan wawancara peneliti, bahwa website INHILNANMOLEK hanya sekali dalam ± 3.5 tahun dalam memperbaharui website yaitu pada tanggal 21 Juni 2021, sehingga informasi- informasi yang tersedia pada website tersebut masih banyak informasi-informasi lama yang belum diperbaharui. Kemudian, kurangnya informasi pariwisata yang didapatkan oleh pengelola website, terdapat beberapa destinasi wisata seperti Selensen Point, Bukit Berbunga, Air Terjun Selensen Salak belum dimasukkan sebagai destinasi wisata Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, karena informasi destinasi wisata tersebut masih kurang didapatkannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 598,
"width": 484,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pengamatan peneliti pada situs website INHILNANMOLEK bahwa SIG (Sistem Informasi Geografis) belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal pada website tersebut dalam pemetaan setiap destinasi wisata. SIG hanya dimanfaatkan pada hotel dan kafe/restoran. Kemudian, masih banyak konten yang didalamnya kosong dan tidak ada informasi yang diberikan ataupun tidak lengkap dalam menyajikan informasi seperti kuliner hanya berisi gambar-gambar yang tidak dijelaskan. Sama halnya dengan Festival Sampan Slodang, serta Desa Wisata tidak ada informasi yang disajikan. Serta pada Travel Pattern hanya tersedia untuk berkunjung ke Pantai Solop.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 708,
"width": 484,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Selanjutnya, pada website INHILNANMOLEK tidak menyediakan informasi tentang profil instansi. Sesuai dengan Buku Panduan Pengembangan Situs Web Pemerintah Daerah Peserta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 31,
"width": 193,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 31,
"width": 181,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 741,
"width": 493,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3786 | Efektivitas Website Inhilnanmolek Sebagai Media Informasi Destinasi Wisata Oleh Dinas Pariwisata Pemuda Dan Olahraga Dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Riau (Afifah Ismail)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 60,
"width": 484,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "USDRP (Depkominfo, 2010), isi minimal pada setiap situs web pemerintah daerah ialah selayang pandang, pemerintahan daerah, geografi, peta wilayah dan sumberdaya, peraturan/kebijakan daerah, dan berita. Melihat fenomena sosial yang ada, hanya sebagian kecil masyarakat yang mengetahui akan keberadaan situs tersebut. Karena selama ini masyarakat hanya mengetahui destinasi wisata di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir melalui mulut ke mulut saja. Padahal website tersebut sangat berguna bagi masyarakat agar dapat memperoleh informasi seputar destinasi wisata Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir dengan mudah dan cepat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 156,
"width": 484,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan permasalahan yang telah diuraikan di atas, maka penulis tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian tentang Efektivitas Website INHILNANMOLEK Sebagai Media Informasi Destinasi Wisata Oleh Dinas Pariwisata, Pemuda dan Olahraga, dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Riau.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 225,
"width": 152,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 239,
"width": 484,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dalam metode penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan Pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Metode kualitatif ini digunakan karena memiliki relevansi atas penelitian yang dilakukan pada lingkup observasi fenomena sosial yang terjadi di masyarakat. Sedangkan aspek deskriptif menjelaskan bahwa penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjabarkan terjadinya fenomena berdasarkan ilmu, realita, aktual, dan nyata. Sehingga penelitian ini berupa deskripsi fakta, capture yang sistematis, terkini dan akurat dengan sumber yang ada, serta memiliki korelasi dengan fenomena yang terjadi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 322,
"width": 487,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Sedangkan untuk teknik analisis data dilakukan Manual Data Analysis Procedur (MDAP) yaitu dilakukan dengan catatan harian, transkrip, koding, kategorisasi, tema, dan memo. Lokasi penelitian adalah di Kantor Dinas Pariwisata, Pemuda dan Olahraga, dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Riau yang beralamat di Eks Gedung Multiyears Lantai 3, Jl. Swarna Bumi, Tembilahan, Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 405,
"width": 484,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah Kepala Dinas Pariwisata, Pemuda dan Olahraga, dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Pengelola website www.inhilnanmolek.com dan Masyarakat. Pengambilan informan dengan teknik purposive sampling yang mana informan dipilih secara sengaja dengan pertimbangan tertentu yang dirasa berkaitan langsung dan akan memberikan informasi secara maksimal. Validasi data akan menggunakan teknis triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi metoda .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 501,
"width": 256,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 515,
"width": 484,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan pada rumusan masalah dan rancangan penelitian, peneliti mengangkat judul mengenai “Efektivitas Website Inhilnanmolek Sebagai Media Informasi Destinasi Wisata Oleh Dinas Pariwisata Pemuda Dan Olahraga Dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Riau” yang akan dijabarkan sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 570,
"width": 484,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3.1.Efektivitas Website INHILNANMOLEK Sebagai Media Informasi Destinasi Wisata Oleh Dinas Pariwisata, Pemuda Dan Olahraga, Dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Sesuai dengan judul dalam penelitian ini yaitu Efektivitas Website INHILNANMOLEK Sebagai Media Informasi Destinasi Wisata Oleh Dinas",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 626,
"width": 466,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pariwisata, Pemuda dan Olahraga, dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, penulis melihat bahwa pemanfaatan website INHILNANMOLEK sebagai media informasi belum efektif. Maka dari itu peneliti mencoba memberikan gambaran terhadap efektivitas website INHILNANMOLEK sebagai media informasi dengan menggunakan pengukuran efektivitas yang dikemukakan oleh Sondang P. Siagian (2011), yang menjelaskan bahwa ada delapan indicator untuk melihat tingkat efektivitas organisasi. Untuk lebih jelasnya dapat dilihat dalam pembahasan berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 722,
"width": 203,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Kejelasan tujuan yang hendak dicapai",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 31,
"width": 193,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 31,
"width": 181,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 741,
"width": 493,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3787 | Efektivitas Website Inhilnanmolek Sebagai Media Informasi Destinasi Wisata Oleh Dinas Pariwisata Pemuda Dan Olahraga Dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Riau (Afifah Ismail)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 60,
"width": 448,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Menurut Sondang P.Siagian (2011), pencpaian tujuan yang hendak dicapai merupakan keseluruhan pencapaian tujuan harus dipandang sebagai suatu proses. Oleh karena itu, agar pencapaian tujuan akhir semakin terjamin, diperlukan pentahapan, baik dalam arti pentahapan pencapaian bagian bagiannya maupun pentahapan dalam arti periodisasinya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 129,
"width": 447,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Efektivitas website INHILNANMOLEK sebagai media informasi dapat dilihat dari sejauh mana tujuan dari kegiatan atau",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 156,
"width": 448,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "program yang telah ditetapkan semula dapat tercapai dengan baik. apabila suatu kegiatan/program dapat mencapai sasaran yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya maka program tersebut sudah dapat dikatakan efektif, namun sebaliknya apabila suatu kegiatan tidak mencapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya maka kegiatan tersebut tidak dapat dikatakan efektif.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 225,
"width": 447,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil temuan penelitian ditemukan sebagai berikut yaitu, penyediaan informasi web INHILNANMOLEK belum maksimal karena kegiatan-kegiatan DISPARPORABUD berkurang sejak pandemic. Hal itu yang menjadi update informasi terhambat, serta masih ada informasi yang kosong, dan tidak lengkap di dalam website tersebut. Merujuk pada teori dan kategori tersebut diketahui bahwa tujuan yang hendak dicapai melalui website ini masih belum tercapai, sehingga pengelolaan websitenya dinilai belum efektif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 322,
"width": 197,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Kejelasan strategi pencapaian tujuan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 336,
"width": 448,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Menurut Sondang P.Siagian (2011) telah diketahui bahwa strategi adalah “peta jalan” yang diikuti dalam melakukan berbagai upaya dalam mencapai sasaran-sasaran yang ditentukan agar para implementer tidak tersesat dalam pencapaian tujuan organisasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 377,
"width": 448,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Bahwa pada website INHILNANMOLEK dapat dilihat cara atau upaya yang telah ditentukan oleh sebuah organisasi yang mereka akan lakukan agar tujuan yang telah ditetapkan dapat tercapai sehingga memperoleh hasil yang maksimal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 419,
"width": 447,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil temuan penelitian ditemukan sebagai berikut yaitu kurang strategis dalam pengelolaan web INHILNANMOLEK karena masih banyak masyarakat yang belum mengetahui. Selain itu, update informasinya masih banyak belum diperbaharui.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 474,
"width": 448,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Merujuk pada teori dan kategori tersebut diketahui bahwa kejelasan strategi pencapaian tujuan DISPARPORABUD belum optimal dalam mendukung website INHILNANMOLEK sebagai media informasi karena kurang mengenalkan website INHILNANMOLEK kepada masyarakat melalui social media dan brosur dan update informasinya jarang diperbaharui.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 543,
"width": 466,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3. Proses Analisis Dan Perumusan Kebijakan Yang Mantap Menurut Sondang P.Siagian (2011), proses analisis dan perumusan kebijakan yang mantap adalah tujuan yang hendak dicapai dan strategi yang telah ditetapkan berarti bahwa kebijakan harus dapat menggabungkan tujuan dengan upaya pelaksanaan kegiatan operasional baik itu pedoman dan pengambilan keputusan. Kebijakan menjadikan pedoman tindakan dalam suatu kegiatan yang paling mungkin memperoleh hasil yang diinginkan. Sehingga jika dianalisis lebih jauh, maka membahas suatu kebijakan merupakan instrument untuk menyelesaikan suatu permasalahan. Berhasil atau tidaknya sebuah kebijakan dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan dilihat dari tercapai atau tidaknya tujuan yang telah ditetapkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 681,
"width": 448,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil temuan penelitian ditemukan sebagai berikut yaitu dapat dikatakan peraturan daerah belum ada dinyatakan secara khusus adanya web INHILNANMOLEK, hanya kebijakan Kepala Dinas DISPARPORABUD dan pegawai yang mengusulkan bahwa harus mempunyai website.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 31,
"width": 193,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 31,
"width": 181,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 741,
"width": 493,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3788 | Efektivitas Website Inhilnanmolek Sebagai Media Informasi Destinasi Wisata Oleh Dinas Pariwisata Pemuda Dan Olahraga Dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Riau (Afifah Ismail)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 60,
"width": 448,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Merujuk pada teori dan kategori tersebut diketahui bahwa proses analisis dan perumusan kebijakan belum tercapai karena tidak adanya peraturan daerah menyangkut tentang website tersebut, sehingga tidak ada pedoman dalam melaksanakan kegiatan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 101,
"width": 466,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. Perencanaan Yang Matang Menurut Sondang P.Siagian (2011), perencanaan adalah sebagai pengambilan keputusan sekarang tentang hal-hal yang akan dilakukan dalam satu kurun waktu tertentu dimasa depan baik itu jangka panjang, sedang, dan pendek. Pada hakekatnya berarti memutuskan sekarang apa yang akan dilakukan organisasi dimasa depan. Perencanaan yang matang dimaksudkan sebagai suatu keputusan yang matang tentang kegiatan yang akan dilakukan di waktu yang akan datang maupun dimasa sekarang yang diharapkan tujuan dapat tercapai dengan baik. Jadi pada efektivtias website INHILNANMOLEK akan dilihat perencanaannya dalam waktu sekarang maupun dimasa depan yang akan dilakukan DISPARPORABUD.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 239,
"width": 448,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil temuan penelitian ditemukan sebagai berikut yaitu dapat dikatakan perencanaannya belum matang dari segi informasi-informasi yang ada di web tersebut. Untuk kedepannya, dapat dikembangkan dengan membuat isi konten-konten yang banyak dan menarik agar pengunjung website dapat meningkat. Namun, ada juga juga yang mengatakan bahwa informasi-informasi web ini sudah matang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 308,
"width": 448,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Merujuk pada teori dan kategori tersebut diketahui bahwa DISPARPORABUD belum matang dalam perencanaannya dalam mengembangkan informasi-informasi pada web tersebut. Sehingga perencanaan yang dilakukan belum matang secara keseluruhan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 349,
"width": 183,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5. Penyusunan Program Yang Tepat",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 363,
"width": 448,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Menurut Sondang P.Siagian (2011), penyusunan program yang tepat merupakan suatu rencana yang baik harus dijabarkan dalam program-program pelaksanaan yang tepat, jika tidak, para pelaksana akan kurang memiliki pedoman bertindak dan bekerja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 405,
"width": 448,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sama halnya Hasibuan (2012) juga mengatakan program adalah suatu rencana yang pada dasarnya telah menggambarkan rencana yang konkret baik itu berupa sasaran, prosedur, anggaran. Dalam arti suatu rencana yang telah dibuat yang pada dasarnya rencana tersebut yang menggambarkan rencana yang nyata untuk dilaksanakan. Website yang dibuat sebagai program dalam mencapai sasarannya. Dengan menyajikan informasi menjadikan suatu kegiatan rencana yang akan dilaksanakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 488,
"width": 448,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil temuan penelitian ditemukan sebagai berikut yaitu indicator penyusunan program yang tepat dapat dikatakan belum maksimal karena informasi yang disediakan belum tersedia secara lengkap, dan tampilan websitenya masih belum menarik. Kemudian, update berita-berita masih yang lama. Dalam mencari informasi wisata ataupun yang lainnya terkendala dengan akses menuju tempat wisata. Merujuk pada teori dan kategori tersebut diketahui bahwa pengelolaan website INHILNANMOLEK belum terpenuhi dengan maksimal informasi-informasi yang lengkap dan terupdate.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 584,
"width": 466,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "6. Ketersediaan Sarana Dan Prasarana Kerja Menurut Sondang P.Siagian (2011), ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana kerja adalah kemampuan untuk bekerja secara produktif. Dengan sarana dan prasarana yang tersedia akan menghasilkan kerja yang produktif demi kemajuan organisasi. Sarana dan prasarana dijadikan pendukung dalam suatu kegiatan dalam mencapai tujuan yang telah direncanakan, yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 667,
"width": 448,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "dimana bisa berbentuk secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Dengan ini menunjang jalannya proses sebuah program kegiatan untuk mencapai tujuan yang hendak dicapai. Pada website",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 708,
"width": 448,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "INHILNANMOLEK perlu ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana untuk menunjang kegiatannya sebagai media informasi agar tujuannya tercapai. Berdasarkan hasil temuan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 31,
"width": 193,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 31,
"width": 181,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 741,
"width": 493,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3789 | Efektivitas Website Inhilnanmolek Sebagai Media Informasi Destinasi Wisata Oleh Dinas Pariwisata Pemuda Dan Olahraga Dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Riau (Afifah Ismail)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 60,
"width": 448,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "penelitian ditemukan sebagai berikut yaitu indicator tersedianya sarana dan prasarana yang tepat dapat dikatakan masih terbatas karena DISPARPORABUD masih terbatas dengan fasilitas ketersediannya. Dengan ini fasilitas membuat video dan beberapa macam kegiatan ada kerja sama dengan mitra kerja yang mempunyai peralatan lengkap. Merujuk pada teori dan kategori tersebut bahwa dalam mengelola website INHILNANMOLEK dalam menyediakan sarana dan prasarana sebagai penunjang kegiatannya masih terbatas.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 142,
"width": 466,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "7. Pelaksanaan Yang Efektif Dan Efisien Menurut Sondang P.Siagian (2011), bagaimanapun baiknya suatu program apabila tidak dilaksanakan secara efektif dan efisien maka organisasi tersebut tidak akan mencapai sasarannya, karena dengan pelaksanaan organisasi semakin didekatkan pada tujuannya. Dalam rangka menjamin keberlangsungan, kesuksesan, dan keberhasilan suatu perencanaan dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan mutlak diperlukannya efektif dan efisien atau tidak. Efektif menggambarkan kriteria tujuan yang hendak dicapai dalam kegiatan- kegiatan yang dilakukan agar terealisasi. Sedangkan efisien digambarkan sebagai memilih menggunakan sumber daya seminimal mungkin untuk mendapatkan hasil yang yang optimal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 280,
"width": 448,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hal ini pelaksanaan website INHILANMOLEK berjalan efektif dan efisien atau tidak akan terlihat pada pencapaian hasil yang diharapakan yakni kualitas atau mutu yang baik. Efektif dan efisien memilliki pengaruh besar dalam kepentingan bersama yaitu tercapaianya tujuan website tersebut sebagai media informasi. Maka efektif dan efisiennya website INHILNANMOLEK jika pelaksanaannya terealisasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 349,
"width": 448,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil temuan penelitian ditemukan sebagai berikut yaitu pelaksanaan yang efektif dan efisien dapat dikatakan belum efektif karena DISPARPORABUD masih terbatas dengan sumber daya manusia dan belum secara khusus dikelola oleh PPID (Pejabat Pengelola Informasi dan Dokumentasi). Hanya dikelola oleh satu orang operator website. Serta saat memasuki web tersebut terjadi loading yang lambat termasuk menu-menu yang tersedia di web dan masih ada informasi yang kosong serta web tersebut belum banyak diketahui oleh masyarakat. Jadi informasi wisata yang ada hanya melalui orang-orang saja. Merujuk pada teori dan kategori tersebut diketahui bahwa website INHILNANMOLEK belum dinilai efektif dan efisien dalam pelaksanaannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 474,
"width": 466,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "8. Sistem Pengawasan Dan Pengendalian Yang Baik Menurut Sondang P.Siagian (2011), pengawasan dan pengendalian bersifat mendidik mengingat sifat manusia yang tidak sempurna maka efektivitas organisasi memerlukan sistem pengawasan dan pengendalian. Berdasarkan hasil temuan penelitian ditemukan sebagai berikut yaitu sistem pengawasan dan pengendalian yang baik dapat dikatakan belum cukup karena sebagai masyarakat ketika berwisata perlu tag dan share ke media social dengan disediakan link web tersebut agar informasi wisatanya tersampaikan. Kemudian, pengawasan yang dilakukan DISPARPORABUD mengajak pegawai- pegawai DISPARPORABUD untuk secara langsung terjun ke lapangan untuk mencari informasi- informasi destinasi wisata dan informasi lainnya serta memfasilitasi berita-berita, wisata, hotel/wisma, rumah makan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 626,
"width": 448,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Merujuk pada teori dan kategori tersebut diketahui bahwa pengawasan dan pengendalian yang dilakukan oleh DISPARPORABUD terhadap website INHILNANMOLEK belum secara optimal dilakukakannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 667,
"width": 484,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3.2. Faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam pemanfaatan website INHILNANMOLEK pada Dinas Pariwisata, Pemuda dan Olahraga, dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 708,
"width": 106,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "a) Faktor Pendukung",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 31,
"width": 193,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 31,
"width": 181,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 741,
"width": 493,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3790 | Efektivitas Website Inhilnanmolek Sebagai Media Informasi Destinasi Wisata Oleh Dinas Pariwisata Pemuda Dan Olahraga Dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Riau (Afifah Ismail)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 60,
"width": 438,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pada suatu program mempunyai sifat menunjang ataupun mendorong dalam suatu kegiatan agar program tersebut berjalan sesuai yang hendak dicapai. Sama halnya dengan pemanfaatan website INHILNANMOLEK di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. Terdapat faktor pendukung dalam pemanfaatan website",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 101,
"width": 438,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "INHILNANMOLEK di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 129,
"width": 439,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1) Memiliki logo INHILNANMOLEK yang dijadikan sebagai branding pariwisata Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir dan mendorong meningkatnya kunjungan wisatawan ke daerah Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir yang melambangkan Negeri Hamparan Kelapa Dunia. Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir belum mempunyai branding pariwisata, sehingga belum menjadi top of mind para wisatawan. Maka website tersebut, dibutuhkan branding agar dapat dikenal dan membedakannya dengan yang lain.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 211,
"width": 439,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2) Tersinkronisasi dengan aplikasi yang bisa di download pada playstore dengan nama INHILNANMOLEK. Tidak hanya melalui situs website, namun juga melalui aplikasi tersebut menjadi sarana promosi efektif dalam menjangkau pasar wisatawan. Adanya aplikasi ini juga bertujuan untuk mengenalkan kepada masyarakat luas khususnya kepada wisatawan tentang potensi wisata yang ada di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. Begitu juga aplikasi tersebut memberikan informasi wisata, event wisata, hotel, kuliner, dan lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 308,
"width": 112,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "b) Faktor Penghambat",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 322,
"width": 438,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dalam pelaksanaan suatu program ada yang berhasil maupun tidak berhasil dan tidak akan terlepas dari kendala-kendala maupun hambatan yang terjadi sehingga mengakibatkan program tidak berjalan dengan sesuai yang diharapkan. Begitu pula dengan pemanfaatan website INHILNANMOLEK di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. Ada 3 faktor penghambat dalam pemanfaatan website INHILNANMOLEK di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir yaitu sumber daya manusia, sarana dan prasarana, serta pandemic covid-19.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 405,
"width": 439,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1) Sumber daya manusia Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan bahwa tedapat kendala dalam hal sumber daya manusia di DISPARPORABUD Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir terhadap pengelolaan website tersebut yaitu tidak adanya PPID di dalam pengelolaan website tersebut karena hanya satu operator yang mengelola website tersebut. Sumber daya manusia merupakan salah satu elemen paling penting agar sebuah organisasi dapat berjalan dengan baik. Namun, DISPARPORABUD mengalami kendala sumber daya manusia yang cukup signifikan dan cukup berpengaruh terhadap efektivitas website INHILNANMOLEK sebagai media informasi dalam hal ini tidak ada dibentuknya PPID yang bertugas secara khusus mengelola website tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 543,
"width": 439,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2) Sarana dan prasarana Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan bahwa DISPARPORABUD mengalami kendala dalam ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana yaitu kurang tersedianya fasilitas-fasilitas dalam membuat video dan beberapa macam kegiatan diluar seperti kamera dan drone. Sarana dan prasarana menjadi hal penting dalam menunjang kegiatan yang dilakukan agar pelaksanaan yang dikerjakan dapat berjalan dengan optimal.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 639,
"width": 417,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Namun, dalam pelaksanaan website INHILNANMOLEK belum optimal dalam ketersediaannya sarana dan prasarana karena dalam pelaksanaannya fasilitas masih beberapa menggunakan fasilitas pribadi. Hal itu DISPARPORABUD bekerja sama dengan mitra kerja dan media-media lain dalam memfasilitasi kegiatan-kegiatannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 695,
"width": 121,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3) Pandemic Covid-19",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 708,
"width": 417,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, bahwa pada website INHILNANMOLEK belum optimal dalam memberikan informasi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 31,
"width": 193,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 31,
"width": 181,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 741,
"width": 493,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3791 | Efektivitas Website Inhilnanmolek Sebagai Media Informasi Destinasi Wisata Oleh Dinas Pariwisata Pemuda Dan Olahraga Dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Riau (Afifah Ismail)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 60,
"width": 417,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "wisatanya serta update informasi yang ditampilkan jarang diperbaharui. Hal tersebut disebabkan di masa pandemic kurang ada kegiatan yang dilaksanakan oleh Dinas Pariwisata, Pemuda dan Olahraga, dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. Hal ini, Website INHILNANMOLEK sebagai media informasi yang menampilkan informasi wisata baik itu destinasi, event wisata, hotel, kuliner terhambat yang menjadikan pemberian informasi kurang optimal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 156,
"width": 102,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "4. KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 170,
"width": 484,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang telah penulis kemukakan, maka penulis menarik kesimpulan bahwa Efektivitas website INHILNANMOLEK sebagai media informasi destinasi wisata oleh Dinas Pariwisata, Pemuda dan Olahraga dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir dapat dikatakan belum efektif. Hal ini dikarenakan penyediaan informasi web INHILNANMOLEK belum maksimal karena kegiatan-kegiatan DISPARPORABUD berkurang sejak pandemic. Kemudian, belum optimal dalam mengenalkan website INHILNANMOLEK kepada masyarakat, dan tidak adanya peraturan daerah menyangkut tentang website tersebut, sehingga tidak ada pedoman dalam melaksanakan kegiatan. Berikutnya, dalam mengelola website INHILNANMOLEK dalam menyediakan sarana dan prasarana sebagai penunjang kegiatannya masih terbatas. Serta masih terbatas dengan sumber daya manusia dan belum secara khusus dikelola oleh PPID (Pejabat Pengelola Informasi dan Dokumentasi).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 322,
"width": 484,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Faktor pendukung dalam pemanfaatan website INHILNANMOLEK yaitu memiliki logo INHILNANMOLEK yang dijadikan sebagai branding pariwisata Indragiri Hilir dan mendorong meningkatnya kunjungan wisatawan ke daerah Indragiri Hilir yang melambangkan Negeri Hamparan Kelapa Dunia. Serta tersinkronisasi dengan aplikasi yang bisa di download pada playstore dengan nama INHILNANMOLEK. Melalui aplikasi tersebut menjadi sarana promosi efektif dalam menjangkau pasar wisatawan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 111,
"top": 405,
"width": 118,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Faktor penghambat",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 405,
"width": 484,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "dalam pemanfaatan website INHILNANMOLEK yaitu pertama, terkendala dengan sumber daya manusia pada DISPARPORABUD Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. Dalam hal ini belum dibentuknya PPID yang bertugas secara khusus mengelola website tersebut. Kedua, sarana dan prasarana belum memadai yaitu kurang tersedianya fasilitas- fasilitas dalam membuat video dan beberapa macam kegiatan diluar seperti kamera dan drone. Ketiga, pandemic covid-19 karena di masa pandemic kurang ada kegiatan yang dilaksanakan oleh Dinas Pariwisata, Pemuda dan Olahraga, dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. Hal tersebut membuat website INHILNANMOLEK belum optimal dalam memberikan informasi wisatanya serta update informasi yang ditampilkan jarang diperbaharui.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 543,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "5. UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 557,
"width": 484,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Alhamdulillah segala puji dan syukur penulis ucapkan kehadirat Allah SWT, berkat rahmat dan karunia-Nya penulis dapat menyeselaikan artikel ini. Selama penulisan skripsi ini pertama penulis ucapkan terimakasih kepada diri sendiri karena telah mampu berjuang menyelesaikan skripsi ini selain itu penulis berterimakasih tentunya kepada pihak- pihak yang tidak dapat disebut satu persatu yang telah membantu baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Maka dari itu dengan ketulusan hati penulis ucapkan terimakasih atas semua bimbingan, dukungan, motivasi, dan do’a semoga kebaikan tesebut menjadi amal jariyah dan diberikan imbalan yang setimpal dari Allah. Aamiin.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 695,
"width": 128,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "6. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Buku",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 722,
"width": 436,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Arikunto, S. (2013). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 31,
"width": 193,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 31,
"width": 181,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 741,
"width": 493,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3792 | Efektivitas Website Inhilnanmolek Sebagai Media Informasi Destinasi Wisata Oleh Dinas Pariwisata Pemuda Dan Olahraga Dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Riau (Afifah Ismail)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 60,
"width": 483,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Badu, Q, S., & Djafri, N. (2017). Kepemimpinan & perilaku organisasi. cetakan kesembilan. Gorontalo: Ideas Publishing.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 87,
"width": 484,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Bungin, B. (2017). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif Aktualisasi Metodologis Ke Arah Ragam Varian Kontemporer. Jakarta: Rajawali Pres.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 112,
"width": 483,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Candra Wijaya, D., & Rifa’i, M. (2016). Dasar Dasar Manajemen Mengoptimalkan Pengelolaan Organisasi Secara Efektif dan Efesien. Medan: Perdana Publishing.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 142,
"width": 484,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Depkominfo. (2010). Buku Panduan Pengembangan Situs Web Pemerintah Daerah Peserta USDRP (Urban Sector Development Reform Project). Jakarta: USDRP.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 170,
"width": 484,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Harmayani, Marpaung, Durahman, E. (2020). E-Commerce: Suatu Pengantar Bisnis Digital. Medan: Yayasan Kita Menulis.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 198,
"width": 483,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hasibuan, Malayu S.P. (2012). Manajemen Dasar, Pengertian, dan Masalah. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. Hidayat, R. (2010). Cara Praktis Membangun Website Gratis. Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo. Indrajit, R. E. (2002). Electronic Government: Strategi Pembangunan dan Pengembangan Sistem Pelayanan Publik Berbasis Teknologi Digital. Yogyakarta: Andi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 253,
"width": 484,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Maleong, J. L. (2012). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya. Napitupulu, Darmawan, Lubis, Muhammad Ridwan, E. (2020). E-Government: Implementasi,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 280,
"width": 258,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Strategi, dan Inovasi. Medan: Yayasan Kita Menulis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 292,
"width": 483,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sa’ad, M. I. (2020). Otodidak Web Programming: Membuat Website Edutainment. Jakarta: Elex",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 308,
"width": 100,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Media Komputindo.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 322,
"width": 484,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Siagian, S. P. (2011). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. Simanjuntak, Mariana, Setiawan, Agus, E. (2021). Pemasaran Digital Pariwisata Indonesia. Medan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 349,
"width": 113,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Yayasan Kita Menulis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 363,
"width": 483,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Subkhi, Akhmad & Jauhar, M. (2013). Pengantar Teori & Perilaku Organisasi. Jakarta: Prestasi Pustaka.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 391,
"width": 482,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sugiyono. (2011). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. Bandung: Alfabeta. Sutrisno, E. (2011). Budaya Organisasi. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group. Tangkilisan, H. N. S. (2005). Manajemen Publik. Jakarta: Grasindo. Tika, M. P. (2006). Budaya Organisasi dan Peningkatan Kinerja Perusahaan. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 446,
"width": 37,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 460,
"width": 484,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Agustina, M. (2014). Efektivitas Dan Perfomance Website Dinas Pemerintahan Di Lingkungan Pemerintah Kota Palembang Sebagai Media Pelayanan Publik. Jurnal Ilmiah MATRIK, 16, 93–104.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 501,
"width": 484,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Apriliani, Z., Hasanah, U., & Anas, A. S. (2019). Pembuatan Video Profil dengan Efek Vintage Kampung Wisata Adat Sengkoah sebagai Media Informasi. JTIM : Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Dan Multimedia, 1(1), 57–65.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 543,
"width": 484,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Habibullah, A. (2010). Kajian Pemanfaatan dan Pengembangan E-Government. Kajian Pemanfaatan Dan Pengembangan E-Government, 23(3), 187–195.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 570,
"width": 483,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Herlina, N. (2017). Efektivitas Komunikasi Akun Instagram @Sumbar_Rancak Sebagai Media Informasi Online Pariwisata Sumatera Barat. Jom Fisip, 4(2), 9–18.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 598,
"width": 484,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Hernandhi, D. T., Astuti, E. S., & Priambada, S. (2018). DESAIN SISTEM INFORMASI PEMASARAN BERBASIS WEBSITE UNTUK PROMOSI ( Studi Kasus pada Kedai Ayam Geprak & Sambal Bawang Malang ). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 55(1), 1–10.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 639,
"width": 484,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Julianto, B., & Agnanditiya Carnarez, T. Y. (2021). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Organisasi Professional: Kepemimpinan, Komunikasi Efektif, Kinerja, Dan Efektivitas Organisasi (Suatu Kajian Studi Literature Review Ilmu Manajemen Terapan). Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Terapan, 2(5), 676–691.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 695,
"width": 484,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kuswandi, A., Purwatih, A. R., & Nuraini, S. (2018). Pengembangan Kawasan Pariwisata Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Governance, 8(1).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 31,
"width": 193,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 342,
"top": 31,
"width": 181,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "e-ISSN : 2656-6753, p-ISSN: 2598-9944",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 741,
"width": 493,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3793 | Efektivitas Website Inhilnanmolek Sebagai Media Informasi Destinasi Wisata Oleh Dinas Pariwisata Pemuda Dan Olahraga Dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Riau (Afifah Ismail)",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 60,
"width": 483,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Lubis, M. Z. M. (2018). Prospek destinasi wisata halal berbasis ovop ( one village one product). Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi Islam, 3(1), 30–47.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 87,
"width": 485,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Rizky, F., Frinaldi, A., & Putri, N. E. (2019). Penerapan e-government dalam promosi pariwisata melalui website oleh dinas kebudayaan dan pariwisata Kota Padang. Ranah Research: Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development , 1 (3), 507-514.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 129,
"width": 484,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Syaban, Ilham., Mewengkang, Norma N., A. G. (2018). Peranan Penggunaan Website Sebagai Media Informasi Dinas Pariwisata Kabupaten Halmahera Utara. Acta Diurna Komunikasi, 7(4), 1–11.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 170,
"width": 86,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Undang-undang",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 184,
"width": 481,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 14 Tahun 2008 Tentang Keterbukaan Informasi Publik.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
3f68a0ed-74c5-6448-4abe-7a4cb4e5733d | https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JPHRECODE/article/download/16244/8715 | [
{
"left": 508,
"top": 783,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "120",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 25,
"width": 159,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JPH RECODE Maret 2018; 1 (2) : 120-130 http://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JPHRECODE",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 456,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PENILAIAN DAN PENGENDALIAN RISIKO PADA PEKERJAAN BONGKAR MUAT PETI KEMAS OLEH TENAGA KERJA BONGKAR MUAT DENGAN CRANE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 110,
"width": 434,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Senjayani 1 , Tri Martiana 2 1 Program Studi S1 Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Airlangga",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 135,
"width": 414,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2 Departemen Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Airlangga [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 270,
"top": 213,
"width": 59,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 225,
"width": 459,
"height": 175,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Port is the distribution center of commodity with the intensive rigging activities. There are two types of rigging activities, namely manual rigging and rigging by crane. Rigging by crane is high risk job. The purpose of this study is to conduct a risk assessment of container rigging activity at Terminal South Jamrud. This research was conducted with observational approach. The object of this study is container rigging work by crane. The result of hazard identification on this activity show that there are 17 hazard potential. Risk assessment categorize seven of the hazard potentials as low risk, six of the hazard potentials as medium risk, and four of the hazard potentials as high risk. Risk control which has been applied consist of engineering control, administrative control and personal protective equipment (PPE). The hazard of rigging activities by crane control effort has been made to stage the ALARP (As Low As Possible Reasonably Practicable). Koperasi TKBM Usaha Karya and PT Pelabuhan Indoensia III (PERSERO) Cabang Tanjung Perak need to conduct proper rigging training by crane on a periodic basic for all of their rigger. Applying reward and punishment can be imple- mented accordingly by PT Pelabuhan Indonesia III (PERSERO) Cabang Tanjung Perak to spur obe- dience as well as improving productivity.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 402,
"width": 181,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keyword : risk assessment, rigger, crane",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 271,
"top": 440,
"width": 56,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 453,
"width": 456,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelabuhan merupakan pusat distribusi barang yang didalamnya terdapat kegiatan bongkar muat. Ada dua macam jenis kegiatan bongkar muat yaitu kegiatan bongkar muat manual dan kegiatan bongkar muat dengan crane . Kegiatan bongkar muat dengan crane merupakan pekerjaan yang berisi- ko tinggi. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini yaitu melakukan risk assessment pada pekerjaan bongkar muat peti kemas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan rancangan deskriptif dengan pendekatan observasional. Objek yang diteliti yaitu pekerjaan bongkar muat peti kemas dengan crane . Hasil identifikasi bahaya menunjukkan 17 potensi bahaya yang teridentifikasi. Penilaian risiko menunjukkan 7 potensi bahaya masuk kategori low risk , 6 potensi bahaya masuk katergori medium risk dan 4 potensi bahaya masuk kategori high risk . Pengendalian risiko yang dilakukan terdiri dari pengendalian teknik, pengendalian administratif dan alat pelindung diri (APD). Bahaya pekerjaan bongkar muat dengan crane telah dil- akukan upaya pengendalian hingga tahap ALARP ( As Low As Possible Reasonably Practicable ). Koperasi Usaha Karya dan PT Pelabuhan Indonesia III (PERSERO) Cabang Tanjung Perak perlu melakukan pelatihan terkait dengan bongkar muat peti kemas dengan crane secara periodik pada se- tiap tenaga kerja bongkar muat. Pemberian punishment dan reward dapat dilakukan oleh PT Pelabuhan Indonesia III (PERSERO) Cabang Tanjung Perak sebagai bentuk memacu ketaatan tenaga kerja bongkar muat sekaligus memacu meningkatkan produktivitas kerja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 655,
"width": 279,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata kunci : risk assessment , tenaga kerja bongkar muat, crane",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 783,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "121",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 25,
"width": 159,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JPH RECODE Maret 2018; 1 (2) : 120-130 http://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JPHRECODE",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 70,
"top": 25,
"width": 222,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Senjayani, et al. Penilaian dan Pengendalian Risiko Pada Pekerjaan Bongkar Muat Peti Kemas Oleh Tenaga Kerja Bongkar Muat Dengan Crane",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 88,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 86,
"width": 216,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kegiatan bongkar muat merupakan kegiatan pemindahan barang dari dermaga ke kapal dan begitupun sebaliknya. Kegiatan bongkar muat dapat dipermudah dengan adanya crane kapal . Crane adalah peralatan angkat angkut yang difungsikan khusus untuk mengangkat naik dan menurunkan muatan (Menteri Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi, 1985).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 200,
"width": 231,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kegiatan bongkar muat dilakukan oleh tenaga kerja bongkar muat yang dikelola oleh koperasi. Tenaga kerja bongkar muat bertugas memasang atau melepaskan peti kemas pada alat pengangkat atau hook crane . Potensi bahaya yang sering terjadi pada tenaga kerja bongkar muat maupun operator crane antara lain terjepit beban, tertimpa beban, dan terpleset saat naik tangga.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 314,
"width": 216,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Data dari PT PELINDO I Cabang Pek- anbaru menyebutkan kecelakaan kerja pada pekerjaan bongkar muat dengan crane yang terjadi di Dermaga A PT Pelabuhan Indonesia I Cabang Pekanbaru. Kecelakaan yang terjadi pada tanggal 12 November 2009 ini disebabkan karena operator crane tidak memperhatikan kapasitas beban yang dapat diangkat oleh crane sehingga beban yang diangkat melebihi kapasi- tas. Akibatnya boom crane yang digunakan patah yang menyebabkan 1 (satu) orang tenaga kerja bongkar muat meninggal dan 1 (satu) orang tenaga kerja bongkar muat lain harus menjalani perawatan intensif di rumah sakit.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 491,
"width": 215,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Data kecelakaan lain dari berita harian Suara Pekerja menyebutkan kecelakaan pada bulan April 2012 hingga bulan Maret 2013 ter- jadi 3 (tiga) kali kecelakaan di Terminal Nilam Tanjung Perak Surabaya yang megakibatkan 3 (tiga) tenaga kerja bongkar muat meninggal dunia. Dua kecelakaan terjadi pada saat bongkar muat kayu gelondongan. Satu kecel- akaan berasal dari kegiatan bongkar muat tiang pancang saat melakukan bongkar muat barang dari dermaga ke kapal. Tarwaka (2008) me- nyebutkan sebab utama dari kejadian kecel- akaan kerja adalah unsafe action dan unsafe condition .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 668,
"width": 215,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Data Kementerian Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi menyebutkan, sepanjang tahun 2009 telah terjadi 54. 398 kasus kecelakaan kerja di Indonesia, sedangkan data yang ber- sumber dari Jamsostek menunjukkan total ang- ka kecelakaan kerja periode 2010 mencapai 86.693 kasus kecelakaan kerja. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh ILO (International Labour",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 73,
"width": 215,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Organization) 1998 membuktikan bahwa setiap rata-rata 6.000 orang manusia meninggal dunia, setara dengan satu orang setiap kurun waktu 15 detik atau 2.2 juta orang pertahun akibat sakit atau kecelakaan kerja yang berkaitan dengan pekerjaan mereka (Suardi, 2007). Data tersebut menggambarkan bahwa begitu besarnya ke- rugian yang didapatkan akibat adanyapotensi bahaya yang tidak dikehendaki.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 185,
"width": 218,
"height": 253,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Suma’mur (2009) menyebutkan bahwa pengendalian sumber-sumber bahaya harus dil- akukan yaitu dengan melakukan identifikasi sumber-sumber potensi bahaya di tempat kerja. Upaya pengendalian risiko harus dilakukan sa- lah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan yaitu dengan cara risk assessment . Risk assessment merupakan bagian dari manajemen risiko yang mencakup dua tahapan yaitu analisis risiko dan evaluasi risiko, kedua tahapan ini akan menen- tukan langkah pengendalian risiko yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi potensi bahaya di tempat kerja (Ramli, 2010). Salah satu contohnya pengendalian risiko yang dilakukan oleh pada engine room kapal feri selat Madura II Surabaya menjelaskan bahwa terdapat beberapa pengendalian risiko yang dilakukan diantaranya pemasangan safety device, pengendalian administratif, dan APD (Wicaksono, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 440,
"width": 216,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Risk assessment sebagai wujud dari risk management perlu dilaksanakan untuk menge- tahui besarnya nilai risiko yang dapat terjadi pada pekerjaan bongkar muat peti kemas dengan crane. Risk assessment bertujuan menurunkan risiko hingga tingkat risiko yang bisa terima oleh Manajemen sehingga mencip- takan kondisi aman di tempat kerja. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu melakukan risk assessment pada pekerjaan bongkar muat peti kemas dengan crane oleh tenaga kerja bongkar muat di Terminal Jamrud Selatan Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 618,
"width": 52,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "METODE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 630,
"width": 216,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan rancangan deskriptif dengan metode observa- sional. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian cross sectional karena pengamatan pada variabel dil- akukan berdasarkan periode tertentu saja. Data dikumpulkan dengan melakukan observasi ter- hadap pekerjaan bongkar muat dan wa- wancara terhadap tenaga kerja bongkar muat dan supervisor bongkar muat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 744,
"width": 215,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Objek yang diteliti yaitu pekerjaan bongkar muat peti kemas dengan crane .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 783,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "122",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 25,
"width": 159,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JPH RECODE Maret 2018; 1 (2) : 120-130 http://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JPHRECODE",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 70,
"top": 25,
"width": 222,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Senjayani, et al. Penilaian dan Pengendalian Risiko Pada Pekerjaan Bongkar Muat Peti Kemas Oleh Tenaga Kerja Bongkar Muat Dengan Crane",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 73,
"width": 216,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2015 - Desember 2015. Data penelitian yang diukur antara lain identifikasi bahaya pekerjaan bongkar muat dengan crane , penilaian risiko pada pekerjaan bongkar muat dengan crane dan mengamati pengendalian risiko yang sudah dil- akukan di Terminal Jamrud Selatan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 162,
"width": 216,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Teknik dan instrumen pengumpulan data adalah: (a) langkah awal melakukan pengum- pulan data dengan melakukan observasi awal, kemudian membuatlembar job safety analysis (JSA) terkait pekerjaan bongkar muat peti ke- mas dengan crane, (b) observasi yang dil- akukan secara langsung untuk mengetahui sumberbahayadengan cara melihat langsung, mendengar dan mencatat keadaan di tempat kerja mengenai potensi bahaya yang ada pada pekerjaan bongkar muat peti kemas menggunakan crane , (c) wawancaradengan tenaga kerja bongkar muat dan supervisor bongkar muat dengan tujuanuntuk menggali informasi dan keterangan terkait dengan mana- jemen risiko pada pekerjaan bongkar muat peti kemas dengan crane, instrumen yang digunakan berupa lembar kuisioner.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 390,
"width": 215,
"height": 237,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Standar yang digunakan untuk melakukan penilaian risiko yaitu menggunakan Australian Standard /New Zealand Standard tahun 2004 (Australian Standard/New Zealand Standard, 2004). Sebelumnya dilakukan identif- ikasi bahaya dengan menentukan potensi baha- ya berikut risiko yang bisa terjadi. Hasil dari identifikasi bahaya kemudian disepakati nilai severity dan likelihood . Likelihood (kemung- kinan) adalah proses menentukan suatu bahaya dari aktivitas sehingga besar kemungkinan po- tensi bahaya dapat diketahui. Severity (kepara- han) adalah dampak yang dari suatu aktivitas kerja. Nilai likelihood dan severity kemudian dikalikanuntuk mendapatkan hasil penilaian risiko. Selanjutnya tingkat risiko dikategorikan menjadi 3 (tiga) yaitu kategori low risk (1-6), kategori medium risk (7-14) dan high risk (15- 25).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 643,
"width": 37,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "HASIL",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 668,
"width": 95,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Identifikasi Bahaya",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 681,
"width": 215,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Elemen pertama dari proses manajemen risiko K3 dimulai dengan identifikasi bahaya yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan lembar job safety analysis (JSA) untuk meneliti potensi bahaya pada pekerjaan bongkar muat peti kemas dengan crane. Hasil identifikasi ba-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 73,
"width": 215,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "haya pada pekerjaan bongkar muat dapat dilihat pada Tabel 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 112,
"width": 79,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penilaian Risiko",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 124,
"width": 215,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penilaian risiko adalah proses analisis dan evaluasi risiko untuk menentukan besarnya risiko serta tingkat risiko. Potensi bahaya perlu diamati agar dapat mengetahui besarnya risiko yang dapat terjadi. Berdasarkan observasi dan wawancara di lapangan, hasil penilaian risiko pada pekerjaan bongkar muat peti ke- mas dengan crane dijelaskan pada Tabel 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 238,
"width": 99,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengendalian Risiko",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 250,
"width": 218,
"height": 175,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Risiko yang telah diketahui besarnya po- tensi bahaya harus dikelola dengan tepat dan efektif sesuai kemampuan perusahaan. Pengen- dalian risiko merupakan langkah penting yang menentukan keseluruhan manajemen risiko. Hirarki pengendalian risiko diterapkan untuk mengurangi kemungkinn dan keparahan dari suatu aktivitas. Ada enam tingkatan pengen- dalian risiko yaitu eliminasi, substitusi, teknik, isolasi, administratif dan alat pelindung diri (APD). Pengendalian risiko yang sudah dil- akukan di Terminal Jamrud Selatan terdiri dari teknik, administratif dan alat pelindung diri (APD).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 758,
"top": 754,
"width": 18,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "95",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 783,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "123",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 25,
"width": 159,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JPH RECODE Maret 2018; 1 (2) : 120-130 http://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JPHRECODE",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 70,
"top": 25,
"width": 222,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Senjayani, et al. Penilaian dan Pengendalian Risiko Pada Pekerjaan Bongkar Muat Peti Kemas Oleh Tenaga Kerja Bongkar Muat Dengan Crane",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 73,
"width": 439,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 2. Hasil Identifikasi Bahaya dan Penilaian Risiko Pada Pekerjaan Bongkar Muat Peti Kemas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 99,
"width": 450,
"height": 601,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Aktivitas Pekerjaan Uraian Potensi Bahaya Risiko Peringkat Risiko L L S R S Memasang tangga ke atas truk Mengangkat tangga Terpapar asap ken- daraan bergerak Gangguan pernafasan 2 1 2 Beban tangga yang berat Low back pain 4 1 4 Memposisikan tangga pada ujung truk Tertimpa tangga Luka gores, me- mar 2 3 6 Posisi badan mem- bungkuk Low back pain 4 1 4 Naik/turun truk Berjalan menaiki/ menuruni truk Tersandung Memar, luka serius, patah tu- lang 3 4 12 Tangga patah Memar, luka serius, patah tu- lang 3 4 12 Pengangkata n peti kemas Memasang hook crane pada peti kemas Tangan terjepit hook crane Luka gores, me- mar 3 2 6 Pengangkatan peti kemas dengan crane Peti kemas berayun cepat Luka serius, patah tulang, cacat, kematian 2 5 10 Tertimpa peti kemas Luka serius, patah tulang, cacat, kematian 3 5 15 Tali sling putus Luka serius, patah tulang, cacat, kematian 3 5 15 Pemberian sinyal tangan Berdiri di atas kapal memberikan sinyal Paparan sinar ma- tahari Heat exhaustion (kelelahan panas) 3 2 6 Tertabrak peti kemas Luka serius, patah tulang, cacat, kematian 2 5 10 Jatuh ke laut Tenggelam, ke- matian 3 3 12 Penurunan peti kemas Penurunan peti kemas ke kapal Terkena siku peti kemas Luka gores, me- mar, cidera pada kepala 3 4 12 Tali sling putus Luka serius, patah tulang, cacat, kematian 3 5 15 Tertimpa peti kemas Luka serius, patah tulang, cacat, kematian 3 5 15 Melepas hook crane pada peti kemas Tangan terjepit hook crane Luka gores, me- mar 3 2 6",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 783,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "124",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 25,
"width": 159,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JPH RECODE Maret 2018; 1 (2) : 120-130 http://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JPHRECODE",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 70,
"top": 25,
"width": 222,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Senjayani, et al. Penilaian dan Pengendalian Risiko Pada Pekerjaan Bongkar Muat Peti Kemas Oleh Tenaga Kerja Bongkar Muat Dengan Crane",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 74,
"width": 81,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 99,
"width": 95,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Identifikasi Bahaya",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 111,
"width": 215,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Persyaratan yang ditentukan OHSAS 18001, setiap perusahaan harus menetapkan prosedur mengenai identifikasi bahaya (OHSAS 18001:2007, 2007). Siswanto (2012) menyebutkan identifikasi bahaya adalah proses mengenal bahaya dan menetapkan karakteristik bahaya tersebut",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 212,
"width": 215,
"height": 150,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kegiatan mengidentifikasi bahaya meru- pakan tahap pertama dalam manajemen risiko untuk mengetahui masalah keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja yang ada dalam proses kerja di perusahaan. Identifikasi bahaya sangat penting untuk menentukan bentuk program keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja dan implementasi pen- gendalian yang harus dilakukan perusahaan. Hasil identifikasi menjadi masukan utama da- lam menyusun rencana kerja untuk mengen- dalikan dan mencegah kejadian yang tidak di- inginkan dari keberadaan bahaya tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 364,
"width": 215,
"height": 263,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metode yang digunakan dalam men- gidentifikasi bahaya adalah metode proaktif sehingga potensi bahaya yang terdapat pada pekerjaan diidentifikasi sejak awal sebelum ter- jadinya kecelakaan. Dari dan Indriati (2013) menyebutkan, hasil identifikasi bahaya dengan menggunakan metode proaktif akan bernilai positif karena sifatnya yang preventif. Ramli (2010) menyebutkan, metode proaktif akan membentuk peningkatan berkelanjutan, menghindarkan dari pemborosan dan mening- katkan awareness . Hal ini dirasa efektif untuk menekan kerugian yang berlebih sebelum terjadinya kecelakaan kerja yang tidak di- harapkan. Lembar Job Safety Analysis (JSA) digunakan untuk memberikan kemudahan saat melakukan identifikasi bahaya pada setiap tahapan kerja proses bongkar muat. Identifi- kasi bahaya pada proses bongkar muat dil- akukan dengan memperhatikan proses peker- jaan dari tahap persiapan hingga tahap akhir.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 630,
"width": 215,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Identifikasi bahaya proses bongkar muat dengan crane meliputi aktivitas tenaga kerja bongkar muat memasang tangga ke atas truk, naik/ turun truk, pengangkatan peti kemas, pemberian sinyal tangan, dan penurunan peti kemas. Aktivitas yang pertama kali dil- akukan yaitu memasang tangga ke atas truk. Truk yang tiba di Dermaga akan dipasang tang- ga di atas truk sebagai akses naik/ turun truk. Tenaga kerja bongkar muat yang mengangkat tangga ada 2 potensi bahaya yang dapat terjadi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 73,
"width": 216,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "yaitu beban tangga yang berat, dan terpapar asap kendaraan/ truk. Beban tangga yang berat berisiko low back pain. Potensi bahaya terpapar asap kendaraan yaitu gangguan pernafasan. Riski (2013) menyebutkan bahwa asap ken- daraan bergerak beserta debu yang masuk da- lam saluran pernafasan dan mengendap dalam paru dalam jangka waktu lama akan menyebab- kan gangguan kesehatan seperti gangguan pernafasan, ISPA, bronchitis, TBC, asma, dan ganguan pernafasan lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 212,
"width": 216,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Potensi bahaya tertimpa tangga yaitu luka gores dan memar, sedangkan risiko dari potensi bahaya badan membungkuk yaitu low back pain . Aktivitas selanjutnya yaitu tenaga kerja bongkar muat naik/ turun truk, potensi bahaya yang terjadi adalah tersandung dan tangga yang sewaktu-waktu bisa patah. Risiko yang terjadi akibat tersandung yaitu tenaga kerja bongkar muat dapat memar, luka serius, dan patah tu- lang. Tangga yang patah dapat berisiko memar, luka serius, dan patah tulang. Tenaga kerja bongkar muat dituntut untuk selalu menggunakan alat pelindung diri (APD) saat bekerja, hal ini sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1970 pasal 13 mengenai seorang pekerja wajib untuk menggunakan alat pelindung diri (APD) sebelum melakukan pekerjaannya (Departemen Hukum dan Perundang-Undangan, 1970).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 453,
"width": 216,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ada banyak faktor yang menyebabkan tenaga kerja bongkar muat tidak menggunakan alat pelindung diri (APD). Ghaisani dan Erwin (2014) menyebutkan bahwa penggunaan alat pelindung diri (APD) membatasi ruang gerak pekerja ketika bekerja. Hasil observasi me- nyimpulkan bahwa pekerja belum mengetahui dampak atau efek buruk dari tidak menggunakan alat pelindung diri (APD).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 567,
"width": 215,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Aktivitas selanjutnya yaitu tenaga kerja bongkar muat memasang hook crane. Potensi bahaya yang terjadi yaitu tangan terjepit hook crane . Risiko yang bisa terjadi dari potensi ter- sebut yaitu memar dan luka gores.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 630,
"width": 216,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengangkatan peti kemas dengan crane potensi bahaya yang terjadi yaitu peti kemas berayun cepat, tali sling putus dan tertimpa peti kemas. Tiga potensi bahaya ini mempunyai risiko yang sama yaitu luka serius, patah tulang, cacat, kematian. Tenaga kerja bongkar muat harus fokus saat melakukan pekerjaan, khu- susnya pada saat proses pengangkatan peti ke- mas. Kecelakaan dapat saja terjadi sewaktu-waktu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 783,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "125",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 25,
"width": 159,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JPH RECODE Maret 2018; 1 (2) : 120-130 http://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JPHRECODE",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 70,
"top": 25,
"width": 222,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Senjayani, et al. Penilaian dan Pengendalian Risiko Pada Pekerjaan Bongkar Muat Peti Kemas Oleh Tenaga Kerja Bongkar Muat Dengan Crane",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 73,
"width": 215,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Aktivitas selanjutnya yaitu pemberian sinyal tangan, satu orang tenaga kerja bongkar mut yang berada di atas kapal memberikan sinyal tangan pada operator crane yang menan- dakan bahwa peti kemas sudah siap untuk di- angkat. Potensi bahaya yang terjadi pada tenaga kerja bongkar muat yang memberikan sinyal tangan yaitu ada tiga tertabrak peti kemas, terpapar sinar matahari dan terjatuh ke laut. Risiko yang terjadi akibat tertabrak peti kemas sangat serius yaitu luka serius, patah tulang, cacat dan kematian. Kewaspadaan saat bekerja harus diperhatikan oleh tenaga kerja bongkar muat, agar tidak terjadi hal yang tidak diiing- kan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 263,
"width": 215,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Risiko dari potensi bahaya terpapar sinar matahari yaitu heat exhaustionm (kelelahan panas). Kelelahan panas merupakan kondisi gejala yang mencakup berkeringat berat dan denyut nadi cepat, akibat dari tubuh yang terlalu panas. Penyebab kelelahan panas yaitu dari pa- paran suhu tinggi dan aktivitas fisik yang berat. Potensi bahaya terjatuh ke laut dapat me- nyebabkan risiko tenggelam hingga kematian. Pihak Terminal Jamrud Selatan harus menye- diakan life jacket untuk menghindari kemung- kinan tenggelam pada tenaga kerja bongkar muat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 428,
"width": 215,
"height": 199,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Aktivitas terakhir yaitu penurunan peti kemas di palka kapal. Aktivitas penurunan peti kemas dilakukan olej empat orang tenaga kerja bongkar muat sudah bersiap menunggu peti kemas. Dua orang tenaga kerja bongkar muat memastikan bahwa posisi mendaratnya peti kemas sudah benar dan dua orang lagi bertugas melepas hook crane. Potensi bahaya yang ter- jadi saat penurunan peti kemas ada tiga yaitu peti kemas berayun cepat, tali sling putus dan tertimpa peti kemas. Tiga potensi bahaya ini mempunyai risiko yang sama yaitu luka serius, patah tulang, cacat, hingga kematian. Standar operasional bongkar muat harus dievaluasi da- lam jangka waktu paling sedikit satu kali da- lam periode enam bulan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 630,
"width": 215,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Identifikasi bahaya pada pekerjaan bongkar muat peti kemas menunjukkan ada 5 (lima) aktivitas pekerjaan bongkar muat yang diteliti. Lima aktivitas pekerjaan bongkar muat tersebut membentuk delapan uraian yang mas- ing-masing menjelaskan prosedur dari proses pekerjaan bongkar muat. Hasil akhir identifikasi bahaya menunjukkan terdapat 17 potensi baha- ya yang teridentifikasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 74,
"width": 79,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penilaian Risiko",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 86,
"width": 215,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Setelah identifikasi bahaya selesai, dil- akukan penilaian tingkat risiko dengan menggunakan teknik semi kuantitatif. Penilaian risiko adalah proses menilai besar risiko ber- dasarkan potensi bahaya berikut risiko yang telah teridentifikasi pada proses bongkar muat. Penentuan nilai likelihood dan severity dari se- tiap potensi bahaya yang telah teridentifikasi dan besarnya risiko yang ditimbulkan disepaka- ti dengan pihak perusahaan terkait. Penilaian risiko yang didapatkan dari hasil perkalian antara tingkat keparahan ( severity ) dilambangkan dengan huruf (S), tingkat kemungkinan ( likelihood ) yang dilambangkan dengan huruf (L).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 276,
"width": 215,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nilai atau tingkat keparahan ( severity ) merupakan nilai berdasarkan akibat yang ditim- bulkan dari setiap potensi bahaya yang dapat dilihat dari hasil observasi. Nilai atau tingkat kemungkinan ( severity ) merupakan kemung- kinan terjadinya suatu potensi bahaya papa- ran. Hasil perkalian likelihood dan severity kemudian dievaluasi menggunakan lembar job safety analysis (JSA) sehingga dapat menyim- pulkan potensi bahaya tersebut termasuk dalam kategori risiko rendah, sedang atau ting- gi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 428,
"width": 216,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penilaian risiko yang pertama dilakukan pada aktivitas memasang tangga. Uraian kerja melakukan pemasangan tangga, dimulai dengan mengangkat tangga. Potensi bahaya terpapar asap kendaraan menyebabkan risiko gangguan pernafasan diberikan nilai 2 untuk likelihood dengan nilai 1 untuk severity . Nilai tersebut didapatkan atas dasar karena risiko yang didapatkan terkategori low risk dengan yaitu dengan nilai 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 554,
"width": 216,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Beban tangga yang berat berisiko men- imbulkan low back pain diberikan nilai 4 untuk likelihood , yang artinya kejadian tersebut sering dirasakan oleh tenaga bongkar muat. Hasil wa- wancara dengan tenaga kerja bongkar muat me- nyebutkan nyeri punggung ( low back pain ) sering dikeluhkan oleh tenaga kerja bongkar muat, hal ini diprediksikan karena beban tangga yang berat. Nilai severity yang diberikan 1, yang artinya dapat diabaikan dan dapat diatasi dengan cara pergantian shift kerja saat merasa lelah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 706,
"width": 215,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tenaga kerja bongkar muat yang mem- posisikan tangga pada truk berpotensi bahaya tertimpa tangga dengan risiko luka gores dan memar diberikan nilai 2 untuk likelihood karena kemungkinan terjadinya kecil. Nilai severity",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 783,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "126",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 25,
"width": 159,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JPH RECODE Maret 2018; 1 (2) : 120-130 http://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JPHRECODE",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 70,
"top": 25,
"width": 222,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Senjayani, et al. Penilaian dan Pengendalian Risiko Pada Pekerjaan Bongkar Muat Peti Kemas Oleh Tenaga Kerja Bongkar Muat Dengan Crane",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 73,
"width": 229,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "yang didapatkan 3, nilai tersebut atas dasar ke- celakaan terjadi apabila ada faktor tambahan. Hasil akhirnya yaitu masuk kategori low risk. Posisi badan membungkuk yang berisiko low back pain diberikan nilai 4 untuk likeli- hood , yang artinya kejadian tersebut sering dirasakan oleh tenaga bongkar muat. Nilai se- verity yang diberikan 1, yang artinya dapat dia- baikan dan dapat diatasi dengan cara pergantian shift kerja saat merasa lelah. Hasil akhir perhi- tungan penilaian yaitu 4 yang artinya masuk kategori low risk.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 225,
"width": 218,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Aktivitas naik/ turun truk dimulai dengan berjalan menaiki/ menuruni truk, potensi baha- yanya ada dua yaitu tersandung dan tangga patah. Potensi bahaya tersandung sangat sering terjadi akibat tenaga kerja bongkar muat tidak fokus atau kelelahan saat bekerja, sehing- ga nilai likelihood yang diberikan adalah 3. Kesakitan yang diderita cukup signifikan, yang menyebabkan memar, luka serius hingga patah tulang sehingga nilai severity yang didapatkan adalah 12. Hasil akhir dengan nilai 12 masuk dalam kategori medium risk.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 377,
"width": 216,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penilaian risiko pada potensi bahaya tangga patah yang menyebabkan risiko memar, luka serius dan patah tulang diberikan penilaian 3 untuk likelihood . Nilai 3 didapatkan karena faktor tambahan yang dapat melatarbelakangi terjadinya kecelakaan terjadinya tangga patah. Nilai severity yang didapatkan adalah 4, yang artinya risiko memar, luka serius hingga patah tulang terkategori high . Penilaian risiko pada potensi bahaya tangga patah mendapatkan hasil 12 yang terkategori medium risk.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 516,
"width": 221,
"height": 250,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tenaga kerja bongkar muat yang sudah berada di atas truk memasang hook crane . Tenaga kerja bongkar muat yang memasang hook crane potensi bahaya yang dapat terjadi yaitu memar dan luka gores. Kejadian memar dan luka gores dapat terjadi apabila tenaga kerja bongkar muat tidak menggunakan alat pelin- dung diri (APD) berupa sarung tangan. Pihak Koperasi Usaha Karya sendiri sudah mem- berikan masing-masing tenaga kerja bongkar muat sarung tangan. Nilai likelihood yang diberikan adalah 3 yang artinya kesalahan dapat terjadi karena faktor tambahan. Risiko yang didapatkan dari potensi bahaya tergolong ren- dah sehingga diberikan nilai 2 untuk severity. Aktivitas saat pengangkatan peti kemas, teridentifikasi tiga potensi bahaya yaitu mulai dari peti kemas yang berayun cepat. Potensi bahaya peti kemas berayun cepat diberikan nilai 3 untuk likelihood yang artinya faktor tamba-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 73,
"width": 229,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "han yang bisa melatar belakangi terjadinya ke- celakaan ini, selanjutnya nilai severity yang didapatkan adalah 5 karena kecelakaan ini dapat menyebabkan kematian. Penilaian risiko yang didapatkan terkategori high risk yang artinya pihak Terminal Jamrud Selatan harus melakukan pengendalian risiko untuk mengen- dalikan potensi bahaya ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 175,
"width": 216,
"height": 212,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tenaga kerja bongkar muat berpotensi tertimpa peti kemas saat operator crane lalai dalam mengendari crane . Potensi bahaya ter- timpa peti kemas sangat jarang terjadi, namun apabila ada faktor tambahan yang mempengaruhinya maka kecelakaan tertimpa peti kemas dapat terjadi, untuk itu nilai likeli- hood diberikan nilai 3. Nilai severity yang didapatkan yaitu 5, karena risiko yang terjadi dapat menyebabkan luka serius, patang tulang hingga kematian. Hasil akhir menunjukkan ter- timpa peti kemas masuk area merah atau high risk . Ramli (2010) menyebutkan, dalam konsep ALARP risiko tinggi atau yang berada pada area merah adalah risiko tidak dapat ditolerir lagi, sehingga dilakukan langkah pengendali- an risiko.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 390,
"width": 216,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tali sling dapat sewaktu-waktu putus saat tenaga kerja bongkar muat bekerja, pengecekan secara rutin secara berkala harus dilakukan untuk memelihara tali sling . Potensi bahaya ini sangat jarang terjadi, namun dapat terjadi apabila terjadi kelalaian dengan tidak memerik- sa tali sling sebelum bekerja untuk itu nilai like- lihood yang diberikan 3. Nilai severity yang diberikan 5 yang artinya risiko yang didapatkan menimbulkan kesakitan yang serius hingga ke- matian. Kejadian tali sling putus masuk kate- gori high risk.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 541,
"width": 216,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tali sling harus diperiksa pada waktu pemasangan pertama dan setiap hari oleh opera- tor crane dan supervisor bongkar muat, serta sekurang-kurangnya satu kali dalam seminggu oleh teknisi maintenance crane. Jadwal pe- lumasan dilakukan setiap satu bulan sekali, se- dangkan jadwal pergantian tali sling yang baru dilakukan setiap delapan bulan sekali. Hal ini sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja No 5 Tahun 1985 tentang Pesawat Angkat dan Angkut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 681,
"width": 216,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Aktivitas pemberian sinyal tangan dil- akukan oleh salah satu tenaga kerja bongkar muat yang berdiri di atas kapal. Potensi bahaya dari aktivitas ini cukup serius, tenaga kerja bongkar muat harus memakai alat pelindung diri (APD) lengkap untuk menghindari ter- jadinya kecelakaan yang tidak diinginkan. Helm",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 783,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "127",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 25,
"width": 159,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JPH RECODE Maret 2018; 1 (2) : 120-130 http://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JPHRECODE",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 70,
"top": 25,
"width": 222,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Senjayani, et al. Penilaian dan Pengendalian Risiko Pada Pekerjaan Bongkar Muat Peti Kemas Oleh Tenaga Kerja Bongkar Muat Dengan Crane",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 73,
"width": 216,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "safety berfungsi untuk melindungi kepala tena- ga kerja bongkar muat dari benturan, dapat ju- ga menghindari dari terik matahari. Paparan matahari dapat menyebabkan heat exhaustion yang artinya terjadi kelalahan panas akibat panas berlebih. Penilaian risiko pada paparan panas diberikan nilai 3 untuk likelihood . Se- dangkan nilai s everity yang didapatkan yaitu 2 karena risiko yang didapatkan terkategori low risk.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 200,
"width": 216,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pemberian sinyal tangan berpotensi tertabrak peti kemas. Risiko tertabrak peti ke- mas dapat menyebabkan luka serius, patah tu- lang hingga kematian. Operator crane dan pemberi sinyal tangan harus sama-sama ber- hati-hati dalam bekerja agar tidak terjadi kecel- akaan ini. Pemberian nilai likelihood diberikan nilai 3, karena kecelakaan ini dapat terjadi disebabkan faktor tambahan seperti yang di- jelaskan sebelumnya. Risiko yang didapatkan menyebabkan kesakitan luka serius hingga ke- matian, untuk itu nilai severity yang diberikan sebesar 5. Hasil akhir perhitungan penilaian yaitu 15 yang artinya masuk kategori high risk. Ramli (2010) dalam konsep ALARP me- nyebutkan medium risk dan high risk perlu dil- akukan pengendalian hingga nilai risiko men- jadi low risk.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 428,
"width": 216,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Potensi bahaya terjatuh ke laut dapat ter- jadi pada pemberi sinyal tangan. Hal ini dapat disebabkan tenaga kerja bongkar muat yang tidak memerhatikan pijakannya saat di atas ka- pal, tersandung atau dapat juga disebabkan ka- rena tertabrak peti kemas. Nilai likelihood yang diberikan yaitu 3, karena faktor unsafe action yang melatabelakangi terjadinya kecelakaan ini. Nilai severity yang didapatkan senilai 4 yang artinya kecelakaan ini dapat menyebabkan tenggelam hingga kematian tunggal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 567,
"width": 216,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Septiana dan Mulyono (2014) menyebut- kan unsafe action pekerja perlu diperhatikan lebih serius mengingat bahwa unsafe action berpotensi menimbulkan kecelakaan yang men- imbulkan kerugian, baik secara non materi atau materi. Unsafe action dapat terjadi karena komitmen maupun safe behavior pelaksanaan safety kerja yang belum secara menyeluruh merata pada setiap tenaga kerja bongkar muat. Pelatihan menjadi salah satu bentuk pengen- dalian risiko yang bisa memberikan penge- tahuan bagi setiap tenaga kerja bongkar muat tentang bahayanya unsafe action .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 731,
"width": 216,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pemberi sinyal tangan harus memakai life jacket saat bekerja di atas kapal untuk me- mandu proses pengangkatan dan penurunan peti",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 73,
"width": 215,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kemas. Jika sewaktu-waktu terjadi kecelakaan terjatuh ke laut life jacket dapat membuat tena- ga kerja bongkar muat mengapung di laut se- hingga risiko tenggelam dapat diatasi. Bantuan dilakukan dengan adanya regu penolong untuk menyambut tenaga kerja bongkar muat yang tenggelam ke daratan Dermaga.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 162,
"width": 215,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Operator crane saat menurunkan peti kemas harus hati-hati agar peti kemas men- darat di palka kapal dengan sempurna. Pada saat proses penurunan peti kemas, teridentifi- kasi 3 potensi bahaya. Potensi bahaya yang teridentifikasi yaitu terkena siku peti kemas, tali sling putus dan tertimpa peti kemas. Potensi bahaya terkena siku peti kemas menyebabkan cidera di kepala, luka serius, memar hingga lu- ka serius sehingga nilai severity yang diberikan adalah 4. Nilai likelihood yang diberikan adalah 3 karena kecelakaan ini bisa terjadi akibat tena- ga kerja bongkar muat yang tidak fokus atau kosentrasi dalam melihat kondisi lingkungan sekitar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 352,
"width": 215,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jumlah supervisor bongkar muat yang terbatas menjadi salah satu penyebab kurangnya pengawasan dalam kegiatan bongkar muat. PT Pelabuhan Indonesia III (PERSERO) Cabang Tanjung Perak sudah sepatutnya menambah jumlah supervisor bongkar muat. Penambahan personil supervisor bongkar muat diharapkan dapat menurunkan tingkat kecelakaan yang ter- jadi di Terminal Jamrud Selatan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 465,
"width": 216,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Potensi bahaya tali sling putus dapat sewaktu-waktu terjadi, pengecekan secara rutin harus dilakukan untuk memelihara tali sling . Nilai 5 untuk severity yang artinya risiko yang didapatkan menimbulkan kesakitan yang serius yang menyebabkan luka serius, patah tulang hingga kematian. Faktor pemeriksaan tali sling yang tidak rutin dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kecelakaan kerja yang tidak diinginkan, untuk itu nilai likelihood yang diberikan 3. Kejadian tali sling putus masuk kategori high risk, pen- gendalian risiko lebih lanjut harus dilakukan untuk mengendalikan potensi bahaya ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 630,
"width": 215,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kejadian tertimpa peti kemas pada tenaga kerja bongkar muat sangat jarang terjadi, na- mun kelalaian memicu terjadinya kecelakaan ini. Faktor tambahan dapat menjadi penyebab kecelakaan ini, untuk itu nilai likelihood diberi- kan nilai 3. Nilai severity yang didapatkan yaitu 5, karena risiko yang terjadi dapat menyebab- kan luka serius, patah tulang hingga kematian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 731,
"width": 215,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peti kemas yang sudah mendarat dengan sempurna, kemudian dilepas hook crane yang dilakukan oleh dua tenaga kerja bongkar muat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 783,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "128",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 25,
"width": 159,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JPH RECODE Maret 2018; 1 (2) : 120-130 http://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JPHRECODE",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 70,
"top": 25,
"width": 222,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Senjayani, et al. Penilaian dan Pengendalian Risiko Pada Pekerjaan Bongkar Muat Peti Kemas Oleh Tenaga Kerja Bongkar Muat Dengan Crane",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 73,
"width": 216,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tenaga kerja bongkar muat memakai sarung tangan saat melepas hook crane , namun masih banyak tenaga kerja bongkar muat yang tidak menggunakan sarung tangan sehingga me- nyebabkan tangan terjepit pada hook crane. Risiko yang terjadi akibat tangan terjepit yaitu luka gores dan memar sehingga nilai severity yang diberikan yaitu 2. Nilai likelihood yang diberikan adalah 3, karena kejadian ini di- pengaruhi oleh unsafe action dari tenaga kerja bongkar muat itu sendiri.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 212,
"width": 221,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil dari penilaian risiko dari 17 potensi bahaya menunjukkan 7 risiko masuk kategori low risk , 6 risiko masuk kategori medium risk , dan 4 risiko masuk kategori high risk . Hasil menunjukkan bahwa risiko dengan kategori low risk dan medium risk mempunyai selisih angka yang tidak jauh. Hasil penilaian risiko dapat menjadi gambaran bagi Terminal Jamrud Se- latan dalam melakukan pengendalian risiko ke depannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 352,
"width": 99,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengendalian Risiko",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 364,
"width": 215,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengendalian risiko dilakukan agar tidak menimbulkan kecelakaan kerja dan kerugian bagi perusahaan. Pengendalian risiko merupa- kan suatu upaya dalam mengendalikan risiko agar bisa mencegah atau setidaknya memini- malisir kerugian akibat kecelakaan kerja. Tyastanti dan Y. Denny (2014) menyebutkan, semua risiko yang yang telah diidentifikasi dan dinilai harus dilakukan pengendalian risiko, terutama jika risiko tersebut mempunyai dam- pak besar atau dampak signifikan yang tidak dapat diterima. Suatu risiko yang tidak dapat diterima, harus dilakukan pengendalian risiko agar tidak menimbulkan kerugian atau kecelakaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 554,
"width": 215,
"height": 175,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengendalian risiko merupakan langkah penting yang menentukan keseluruhan mana- jemen risiko. Pengendalian risiko harus dil- akukan untuk mengurangi risiko sampai batas yang dapat diterima berdasarkan ketentuan per- aturan dan standar yang berlaku. Bangun dan Erwin (2014) menyebutkan, prioritas pengen- dalian risiko sangat penting dilakukan karena terkait dengan anggaran yang harus dikeluarkan untuk setiap pengendalian. Hirarki pengendali- an risiko yaitu eliminasi, substitusi, rekayasa teknik, administratif dan alat pelindung diri (APD) merupakan pengendalian risiko untuk mengurangi kemungkinan dan keparahan risiko.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 731,
"width": 215,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil observasi dan pengamatan di lapangan, Terminal Jamrud Selatan sudah melakukan tiga (3) tingkatan hirarki pengen-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 73,
"width": 216,
"height": 175,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dalian risiko. Pengendalian risiko yang dil- akukan yaitu pengendalian teknik, pengendalian administratif dan alat pelindung diri (APD). Pengendalian teknik yang sudah dilakukan yai- tu menggunakan wind speed . Pengendalian ad- ministratif yang dilakukan yaitu pelatihan bongkar muat ( rigging ), sertifikasi lisensi K3 untuk operator crane, pemeriksaan kondisi dan fungsi crane sebelum digunakan, pergantian shift kerja, safety sign, safety alert dan standar operasional prosedur (SOP). Pengendalian alat pelindung diri (APD) berupa pemakaian sepatu safety, helm safety, rompi keselamatan, masker dan sarung tangan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 250,
"width": 216,
"height": 188,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengendalian teknik merupakansebuah rekayasa yang dilakukan Terminal Jamrud Se- latan dalam upaya melakukan pengendalian risiko. Pengendalian teknik yang dilakukan Terminal Jamrud Selatan yaitu dengan me- masang wind speed di area dermaga. Wind speed merupakan pendeteksi kecepatan angin. Wind speed memberikan manfaat dengan cara pencegahan risiko yang disebabkan dari poten- si bahaya cuaca yang kurang baik berupa angin. Kecepatan angin mencapai 14 m/s, maka alarm yang berada di atas gedung office container akan berbunyi yang menandakan pekerrjaan di Terminal Jamrud Selatan harus segera dihenti- kan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 440,
"width": 216,
"height": 263,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ada tujuh pengendalian administratif yang sudah dilakukan Terminal Jamrud Selatan yaitu pelatihan bongkar muat ( rigging ), sertifi- kasi lisensi K3 untuk operator crane , pemerik- saan kondisi dan fungsi crane sebelum digunakan, pergantian shift kerja, safety sign, safety alert dan standar operasional prosedur (SOP). Pelatihan bongkar muat ( rigging) dil- akukan pada pekerjaan bongkar muat sebagai bahan peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampi- lan dalam melakukan pekerjaan bongkar muat. Tenaga kerja bongkar muat juga diberikan pengetahuan terkait bekerja sesuai konsep safe- ty di lingkungan dermaga. Rais et al (2009) menyebutkan pengetahuan tenaga kerja bongkar muat tentang K3 berpengaruh terhadap praktek kerja tenaga kerja bongkar muat. Pengetahuan merupakan domain terbentuknya praktek ( overt behaviour ), perilaku yang didasari oleh pengetahuan akan lebih langgeng (Green dan K. M. W, 2000).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 706,
"width": 215,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sertifikasi lisensi K3 bagi operator crane dilakukan untuk meminimalisir bahaya kecel- akaan pada saat bongkar muat peti kemas. Op- erator crane dituntut untuk dapat menguasai crane saat mengemudi. Hal ini sesuai dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 783,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "129",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 25,
"width": 159,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JPH RECODE Maret 2018; 1 (2) : 120-130 http://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JPHRECODE",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 70,
"top": 25,
"width": 222,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Senjayani, et al. Penilaian dan Pengendalian Risiko Pada Pekerjaan Bongkar Muat Peti Kemas Oleh Tenaga Kerja Bongkar Muat Dengan Crane",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 73,
"width": 218,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja No 9 Tahun 2010 tentang Operator dan Petugas Pesawat Angkat dan Angkut, bahwa lisensi K3 merupa- kan sertifikat wajib yang harus didapat oleh operator crane melalui serangkaian pelatihan mengemudi crane (Menteri Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi, 2010) .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 162,
"width": 215,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pemeriksaan kondisi dan fungsi crane dilakukan setiap hari oleh teknisi maintenance crane . Hal ini sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja No 5 Tahun 1985 tentang Pe- sawat Angkat dan Angkut, pengecekkan crane dilakukan dengan memeriksa fungsi masing- masing alat bongkar muat termasuk alat ban- tunya (Menteri Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi, 1985). Hal ini sebagai antisipasi terjadinya ke- celakaan kerja yang disebabkan dari kegagalan alat dalam mengoperasikan sesuai fungsi yang semestinya. Pemeriksaan kondisi dan fungsi crane secara rutin juga bisa memperpanjang umur crane .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 339,
"width": 216,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pergantian shift kerja sangat mempengaruhi produktivitas dari kegiatan bongkar muat. Bekerja secara melebihi waktu jam kerja menyebabkkan tenaga kerja bongkar muat kelelahan. Pelaksanaan shift kerja sudah dilaksanakan di Terminal Jamrud Selatan sebagai cara mengendalikan faktor kelelahan pada setiap tenaga kerja bongkar muat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 440,
"width": 216,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengendalian administratif lain yang su- dah dilakukan Terminal Jamrud Selatan yaitu safety sign. Safety sign dipasang pada area pintu masuk Terminal Jamrud Selatan berupa poster atau safety bord. Safety sign berfungsi meng- ingatkan atau himbauan kepada seluruh tenaga kerja bongkar muat untuk menggunakan per- syaratan wajib memasuki area kerja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 541,
"width": 187,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Selanjutnya safety alert, safety",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 554,
"width": 215,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "alert ditempel di safety bord pada lokasi yang sering dilewati dan menjadi titik kumpul tenaga kerja bongkar muat. Safety alert merupakan uraian kejadian unsafe action (tindakan tidak aman) maupun unsafe condition (kondisi tidak aman) yang dapat menimbulkan kecelakaan kerja. Safety alert juga diberikan prosedur kerja yang benar serta langkah antisipasi agar kejadi- an tidak terulang lagi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 668,
"width": 215,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengendalian administratif lainnya yang dilakukan oleh Terminal Jamrud yaitu adanya standar operasional prosedur (SOP). Setiap masing-masing jenis pekerjaan telah mempu- nyai SOP (Standar operasional Prosedur). SOP ditempel pada tiap sudut area kerja untuk meng- ingatkan tenaga kerja bongkar muat saat memu- lai bekerja. SOP diharapkan dapat ditaati oleh",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 73,
"width": 213,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "setiap tenaga kerja bongkar muat sehingga po- tensi terjadi kecelakaan dapat dihindari.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 99,
"width": 221,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pemakaian alat pelindung diri (APD) dil- akukan untuk mengurangi keparahan jika ter- jadi kecelakaan kerja. Pemakaian alat pelindung diri (APD) merupakan pengendalian risiko yang bersifat sementara. Pemenuhan terhadap alat pelindung diri (APD) bagi tenaga kerja bongkar muat dilaksanakan menurut aturan dan kemam- puan dari Koperasi TKBM Usaha Karya. Tena- ga kerja bongkar muat lain selain operator crane mendapatkan alat pelindung diri (APD) sesuai situasi dan kondisi kegiatan bongkar muat. Hal ini sesuai dengan ketentuan Undang- Undang No. 1 Tahun 1970 Pasal 14 (c) yang menyebutkan bahwa pengurus diwajibkan me- nyediakan semua alat pelindung diri (APD) pa- da tenaga kerja yang berada dibawah pimpi- nannya (Departemen Hukum dan Perundang- Undangan, 1970).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 326,
"width": 216,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Alat pelindung diri (APD) yang diberikan kepada tenaga kerja bongkar muat berupa sepa- tu safety, helm safety , rompi keselamatan, masker dan sarung tangan. Berdasarkan hasil observasi, tenaga kerja bongkar muat hanya menggunakan sebagian saja dari alat pelindung diri (APD) yaitu berupa rompi keselamatan , helm safety dan sarung tangan. Sepatu safety dan masker hanya digunakanan beberapa tenaga kerja bongkar muat saja. Hasil observasi dan wawancara menyebutkan bahwa banyak tenaga kerja bongkar muat yang tidak nyaman saat menggunakan sepatu safety dan masker. Hal ini menjadi tanggungan petugas safety untuk men- gubah ataum melakukan pelatihan yang mem- berikan pengetahuan pentingnya penggunaan alat pelindung diri (APD) saat bekerja untuk mencegah terjadinya kecelakaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 567,
"width": 77,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 579,
"width": 216,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil identifikasi bahaya menunjukkan 17 potensi bahaya yang teridentifikasi. Penilaian risiko menunjukkan 7 potensi baha- ya masuk kategori low risk , 6 potensi bahaya masuk kategori medium risk dan 4 potensi ba- haya masuk kategori high risk. Pengendalian risiko yang sudah dilakukan terdiri dari pen- gendalian teknik, pengendalian administratif dan alat pelindung diri (APD).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 706,
"width": 41,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "SARAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 719,
"width": 215,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Koperasi Usaha Karya dan PT Pelabuhan Indonesia III (PERSERO) Cabang Tanjung Perak perlu melakukan pelatihan terkait dengan bongkar muat peti kemas dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 783,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "130",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 25,
"width": 159,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JPH RECODE Maret 2018; 1 (2) : 120-130 http://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JPHRECODE",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 70,
"top": 25,
"width": 222,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Senjayani, et al. Penilaian dan Pengendalian Risiko Pada Pekerjaan Bongkar Muat Peti Kemas Oleh Tenaga Kerja Bongkar Muat Dengan Crane",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 73,
"width": 216,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "crane secara periodik. Pemberian reward dan punishment dapat dilakukan oleh PT Pelabuhan Indonesia III (PERSERO) Cabang Tanjung Pe- rak sebagai bentuk memacu ketaatan tenaga kerja bongkar muat sekaligus memacu mening- katkan produktivitas kerja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 175,
"width": 104,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 187,
"width": 215,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Australian Standard/New Zealand Standard. 2004. Australian Standard/New Zealand Standard Risk Management 4360:2004 , Sydney and Wellington: Author.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 238,
"width": 216,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Departemen Hukum dan Perundang-Undangan. 1970. Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1970 Tentang Keselamatan Kerja . Green, L. W. dan K. M. W. 2000. Health Promotion Planning an Education and Environmental Approach. Second Edition, Mayfield Publishing Compa-ny.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 326,
"width": 215,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hazyiyah, Ghaisani dan Erwin Dyah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 339,
"width": 194,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nawawinetu. 2014. Identifikasi Bahaya, Penilaian Risiko Dan Pengendalian Risiko Pada Proses Blasting di PT Cibaliung Sumberdaya, Banten. The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safe-ty and Health , 3(1), pp. 107–116.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 415,
"width": 215,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "International Labour Organization. 1998. Work Organization and Ergonomics .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 440,
"width": 215,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menteri Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi. 1985.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 453,
"width": 194,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi Nomor 05 tahun 1985 tentang Pesawat Angkat dan Angku t.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 491,
"width": 215,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menteri Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi. 2010.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 503,
"width": 194,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja No. 9 Tahun 2010 tentang Operator dan Petugas Pesawat Angkat dan Angkut.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 541,
"width": 216,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "OHSAS 18001:2007. 2007. Occupational Health and Safety Management System Requirement . London: OHSAS Project Group.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 592,
"width": 215,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rais, M., P.P. Nugraha, dan W. B. 2009.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 605,
"width": 194,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kajian Pengaruh Predisposing, Enabling Dan Reinforcing Factors Terhadap Praktek Kerja Tenaga Kerja Bongkar Muat Yang",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 643,
"width": 194,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berisiko Terjadinya Kecelakaan Kerja Di Pelabuhan Tanjung Emas Semarang. The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion ,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 681,
"width": 156,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4(1). doi: 10.14710/jpki.4.1.36-49.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 693,
"width": 216,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ramli, S. 2010. Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 719,
"width": 215,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(OHSAS 18001) . Jakarta: PT Dian Rakyat. Retno Wulan Dari dan Indriati Paskarin. 2013.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 744,
"width": 194,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Risk Management Pada Pekerja Gondola Pa-ket III Proyek Pengembangan Bandara",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 73,
"width": 195,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In-ternasional Ngurah Rai-Bali (PPBIB), KSO Adhi-Wika. The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safe-ty and Health , 2(1), pp. 20–27.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 124,
"width": 216,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Riski, R. 2013. Hubungan Antara Masa Kerja dan Pemakaian Masker Sekali Pakai dengan Kapasitas Vital Paru pada Pekerja Bagian Composting di PT. Zeta Agro Corporation Brebes. Skripsi, Universitas Negeri Semarang .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 200,
"width": 218,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Septiana, D. A. dan Mulyono. 2014. Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Unsafe Action Pada Pekerja di Bagian Pengantongan Urea.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 238,
"width": 194,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The Indonesian Jiurnal of Occupational Safety and Health , 3(1), pp. 25–34.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 263,
"width": 215,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Siswanto, A. 2012. Materi Perkuliahan Job",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 273,
"width": 215,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Safety Analysis. Surabaya : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Airlangga . Suardi, R. 2007. Sistem",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 473,
"top": 314,
"width": 55,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Manajemen",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 326,
"width": 195,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 337,
"width": 67,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jakarta : PPM.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 349,
"width": 216,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Suma’mur, P. K. 2009. Higiene perusahaan dan kesehatan kerja (Hiperkes). Jakarta: Sagung Seto.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 390,
"width": 215,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tarwaka. 2008. Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja: Manajemen dan implementasi K3 di Tempat Kerja. Surakarta: Harapan Press.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 428,
"width": 215,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tyastanti, C.L., dan A. Y. D. 2014. Risk Assessment Kecelakaan Kerja Pada Unit Windin PT. Kusumaputra Santosa, Karangan-yar, Jawa Tengah. The",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 478,
"width": 194,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Indonesian Journal of Occupa-tional Safety and Health , 3(2), pp. 128–137.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 503,
"width": 216,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Wicaksono, R. Y. 2017. Risk Management Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja Pada Engine Room Kapal Feri Selat Madura Ii Surabaya. Journal of Public Health Research and Community Health",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 567,
"width": 138,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Development , 1(1), pp. 50–62.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 579,
"width": 215,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yosia Parlindungan Bangun dan Erwin Dyah Nawawinetu. 2014. Risk Assessment Pada Pekerja Mainte-nance di PT X. The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safe- ty and Health , 3(2), pp. 170–181.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
d4e6570a-85e6-a581-17ee-4eae9c2619cb | https://cjp.jurnal.stikescendekiautamakudus.ac.id/index.php/cjp/article/download/134/85 | [
{
"left": 498,
"top": 778,
"width": 15,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "81",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 85,
"width": 371,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AKTIFITAS ANTIASMA EKSTRAK JAHE MERAH ( Zingiber",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 101,
"width": 418,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Officinale Var Rubrum) TERHADAP JUMLAH EOSINOFIL DAN SEL MAST YANG TIDAK TERDEGRANULASI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 147,
"width": 321,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dian Arsanti Palupi 1* , Eliana Freistianti 2 , Vasti Eka Apriliani 3 1*,2,3 Program Studi Farmasi, STIKES Cendekia Utama Kudus, Indonesia Email: 1* [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 271,
"top": 211,
"width": 56,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 237,
"width": 428,
"height": 227,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Asma merupakan penyakit inflamasi kronik pada saluran nafas yang ditandai dengan sesak nafas, batuk, nyeri dada, mengi yang terdapat peran sel-sel inflamasi seperti eosinofil, neutrofil, limfosit dan lain-lain. Jahe merah sejak lama terbukti mempunyai aktivitas farmakologis dan sudah digunakan sebagai obat tradisional. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuktikan pengaruh ekstrak jahe merah terhadap penurunan jumlah eosinofil dan sel mast pada mencit asma. Sebanyak 20 ekor mencit Balb / C yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok yaitu kontrol normal (K1), kontrol negatif (K2), kontrol positif / deksametason (K3), kelompok ekstrak jahe merah (K4). Pada hari ke 0 dan 7, mencit disensitisasi dengan Ovalbumin secara intraperitoneal Pada hari ke 14, 16, 18 mencit disensitisasi ulang dengan inhalasi menggunakan OVA 1% dalam NaCl 0,9% steril pada hari ke 18 sampai 25, kelompok K1 dan K2 diberi CMC. Na, kelompok K3 diberi deksametason 1,3μ / hari, kelompok K4 diberi ekstrak jame merah 3,9 mg / hari, Tiap perlakuan dilakukan pada waktu yang sama. Pada hari terakhir inhalasi dimulai hari ke-18, ke-19, ke-20, ke-21, ke-22, ke-23, ke-24, ke-25. pada hari ke 25 mencit diterminasi untuk dianalisis jumlah eosinofil dan jumlah sel mast yang stabil. Ekstrak jahe merah dapat menurunkan jumlah eosinofil mencit asma dibandingkan dengan kelompok negatif nilai p >0.05 Eksrak jahe merah dapat menurunkan degranulasi sel mast mencit asma dibandingkan dengan kelompok negatif nilai p >0.05 .Kesimpulan, ekstrak jahe merah terbukti secara statistic signifikan menurunkan jumlah eosinofil dan mencegah degranulasi sel mast.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 477,
"width": 311,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci: Ekstrak jahe merah, eosinofil, degranulasi sel mast, asma",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 270,
"top": 516,
"width": 59,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 541,
"width": 428,
"height": 202,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by shortness of breath, coughing, chest pain, wheezing, which has a role for inflammatory cells such as eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes and others. Red ginger has long been proven to have pharmacological activity and has been used as traditional medicine. The purpose of this study was to prove the effect of red ginger extract on reducing the number of eosinophils and mast cells in asthma mice. A total of 20 Balb / C mice that met the inclusion criteria were divided into 4 groups, namely normal control (K1), negative control (K2), positive control / dexamethasone (K3), red ginger extract group (K4). On days 0 and 7, mice were sensitized with Ovalbumin intraperitoneally On day 14, 16, 18 mice were resensitized by inhalation using 1% OVA in sterile 0.9% NaCl on days 18 to 25, groups K1 and K2 were given CMC . Na, the K3 group was given 1.3μ / day dexamethasone, the K4 group was given 3.9 mg / day red ginger extract. Each treatment was carried out at the same time. On the last day of inhalation begins on the 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 24th, 25th day. On day 25 the mice were terminated to analyze the number of eosinophils and the number of stable mast cells. Red ginger extract can reduce the eosinophil count of asthmatic mice compared to the negative group with p value> 0.05. Red ginger extract can reduce mast cell degranulation of asthmatic mice compared to the negative group with p",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 36,
"width": 128,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cendekia Journal of Pharmacy",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 48,
"width": 135,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "STIKES Cendekia Utama Kudus",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 340,
"top": 35,
"width": 179,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P-ISSN 2559 – 2163 E-ISSN 2599 – 2155 Vol.5, No.1, Mei 2021",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 341,
"top": 55,
"width": 176,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://cjp.jurnal.stikescendekiautamakudus.ac.id",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 778,
"width": 15,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "82",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 428,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "value> 0.05. In conclusion, red ginger extract was shown to be statistically significant to reduce the number of eosinophils and prevent it degranulation of mast cells.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 123,
"width": 345,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Red ginger extract, eosinophils, degranulation mast cells, asthma",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 778,
"width": 15,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "83",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 86,
"width": 117,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LATAR BELAKANG",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 101,
"width": 423,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proses-proses yang terjadi bersamaan pada kasus asma yaitu peradangan (inflamasi) saluran udara, penyempitan saluran udara (bronchoconstriction), keluarnya lendir yang berlebihan / lendir yang kental yang dapat mengakibatkan kesulitan bernafas atau sesak nafas disertai dengan batuk dan mengi (Global Initiative For Asthma (GINA), 2017). Konsep Inflamasi eosinofil sudah lama dipertimbangkan sebagai penyebab asma, sekarang sudah muncul teori baru yang mengatakan pada asma derajat berat peranan eosinofil berkurang, neutrofil akan lebih berperan pada kerusakan saluran pernapasan (Roselin, Darwin and Medison, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 212,
"width": 423,
"height": 178,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sel mast merupakan sel yang mengandung granula dan kaya akan histamin dan heparin yang berperan dalam munculnya alergi, sistem imun, inflamasi, dan hemeostasis. Sel mast banyak ditemukan di jaringan ikat dan berperan penting dalam munculnya reaksi hipersensitivitas tipe I, reaksi ini diperankan oleh berbagai senyawa yang tersimpan di dalam granula. Mekanisme terjadinya alergi disebabkan oleh alergen yang masuk yang kemudian ditangkap oleh bagian Fab dan IgE. Ig E kemudian melekat pada permukaan sel mast dan akan mengikat alergen. Ikatan sel mast, Ig E dan alergen akan menyebabkan pecahnya sel mast dan mengeluarkan mediator kimia. Efek mediator kimia ini menyebabkan terjadinya vasodilatasi, hipersekresi, oedem, spasme pada otot polos. Oleh karena itu gejala klinis yang dapat ditemukan pada alergi tipe ini antara lain : rinitis (bersin-bersin, pilek), sesak nafas (hipersekresi sekret), oedem dan kemerahan (menyebabkan inflamasi), kejang (spasme otot polos yang ditemukan pada anafilaktic shock) (Amin, 2012)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 391,
"width": 423,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jahe merupakan tanaman herbal yang telah banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat untuk bahan baku jamu baik jamu gendong ataupun pada industri obat tradisional. Ekstrak jahe merah mempunyai aktifitas pada peradangan akut dan kronis, dan penghambatan aktivasi makrofag tampaknya terlibat dalam efek anti-inflamasi. Shogaol, gingerdiols, dan proanthocyanidins diidentifikasi sebagai konstituen yang menghambat produksi nitric oxyd / NO (Tanaka, 2010). Jahe merah paling banyak digunakan untuk pengobatan karena kandungan minyak atsirinya yang tinggi, oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian aktivitas antiasma ekstrak jahe merah terhadap penurunan jumlah eosinofil dan jumlah sel mast yang tidak terdeganulasi pada model mencit asma.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 543,
"width": 209,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BAHAN DAN METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 557,
"width": 172,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bahan dan Rancangan Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 571,
"width": 423,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ekstrak jahe merah, dexamethasone (Cayman Chemical, USA), Ovalbumin (Worthington Biochemical Corporation, USA), mencit Balb /C betina karena memiliki respon yang lebih baik terhadap OVA dibandingkan mencit jantan. Umur mencit yang digunakan adalah 6-8 minggu. Bobot tubuh mencit yang digunakan 20-30 gram, diaklimatisasi selama 1 minggu. Setiap hari diberi minuman ad libitum dan pakan standar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratoris kuantitatif dengan desain post test only control group pada mencit asma in vivo. Penelitian ini dilakukan setelah mendapat persetujuan dari komisi biotek penelitian kesehatan Fakultas Kedokteran Islam Sultan Agung Semarang dengan Ethical Clearance No. 111 / IV/ 2020 / Komisi Bioetika.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 778,
"width": 15,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "84",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 173,
"width": 226,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ovalbumin",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 221,
"top": 198,
"width": 156,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1 Rancangan Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 223,
"width": 54,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keterangan :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 235,
"width": 148,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "R : Randomisasi K1 : Kelompok kontrol normal K2 : Kelompok kontrol negatif",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 270,
"width": 258,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "K3 : Kelompok kontrol positif/ deksametason 1.3 µg / hari K4",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 281,
"width": 176,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": ": Kelompok ekstrak jahe merah 3,9 mg/hari",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 293,
"width": 202,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "O1-O4 : Observasi jumlah eosinofil dan sel mast",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 318,
"width": 79,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "R: Randomisasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 332,
"width": 423,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "K1: Kelompok kontrol normal: mencit Balb /C yang diberi NaCl 0,9% steril secara injeksi intraperitoneal (ip) pada hari ke 0 dan 7. Pada hari ke 14, 16, 18 dilakukan inhalasi dengan NaCl 0,9% steril sebanyak 8 mL per perlakuan dengan inhalasi menggunakan nebulizer elektronik selama 20 menit dengan volume aliran udara dan volume nebulisasi pada skala 1, pada hari ke 1. 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 mencit diberi CMC Na 0,5% per oral 1mL / hari.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 414,
"width": 423,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "K2: Kelompok kontrol negatif: mencit Balb / C peka 10 µg OVA + 1 mg Alhydrogel tersuspensi dalam 0,5 mL NaCl steril 0,9% dengan injeksi intraperitoneal (ip) pada hari ke 0 dan 7. Pada hari ke 14, 16, 18 dilakukan inhalasi dengan 0,9 % NaCl steril sebanyak 8 mL per perlakuan dengan cara inhalasi menggunakan nebulizer elektronik selama 20 menit dengan volume aliran udara dan volume nebulisasi skala 1, pada hari ke 1. 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 mencit diberi perlakuan dengan CMC Na 0,5% per oral 1mL / hari.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 511,
"width": 423,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "K3: Kelompok kontrol positif / deksametason: Mencit balb / C yang disensitisasi 10 µg OVA + 1 mg Alhidrogel tersuspensi dalam 0,5 mL NaCl steril 0,9% dengan injeksi intraperitoneal (ip) pada hari ke 0 dan 7. Pada hari ke 14, 16, 18 dilakukan inhalasi dengan NaCl 0,9% steril sebanyak 8 mL per perlakuan dengan cara dihirup menggunakan nebulizer elektronik selama 20 menit dengan volume aliran udara dan volume nebulasi pada skala 1, pada hari ke 1. 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 tikus diobati dengan deksametason 1,3 µg per oral 1mL / hari.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 608,
"width": 423,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "K4: Kelompok perlakuan: Mencit balb / C peka 10 µg OVA + 1 mg Alhydrogel tersuspensi dalam 0,5 mL NaCl steril 0,9% dengan injeksi intraperitoneal (ip) pada hari ke 0 dan 7. Pada hari ke 14, 16, 18 dilakukan inhalasi dengan 0,9% NaCl steril sebanyak 8 mL per perlakuan dengan cara inhalasi menggunakan nebulizer elektronik selama 20 menit dengan volume aliran udara dan volume nebulasi pada skala 1, pada hari ke 1. 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 mencit diberi perlakuan ekstrak jahe merah 3,9 mg per oral 1mL / hari.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 171,
"top": 75,
"width": 252,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "R Mencit K4 K2 K3 K1 O4 O3 O2 O1",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 778,
"width": 15,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "85",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 96,
"width": 56,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cara Kerja",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 111,
"width": 100,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Skrining Fitokimia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 125,
"width": 151,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Identifikasi Minyak Atsiri",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 140,
"width": 414,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ekstrak jahe merah ditambah beberapa tetes kloroform dan 5 tetes H2SO4 pekat terbentuk warna merah jingga atau ungu",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 167,
"width": 130,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Identifikasi Flavonoid",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 181,
"width": 414,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ekstrak jahe merah ditambah serbuk Magnesium dan 5 tetes HCl pekat terbentuk warna merah/kuning",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 208,
"width": 123,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Identifikasi Alkaloid",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 222,
"width": 414,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ekstrak jahe merah ditambah reagen Meyer terbentuk endapan putih. Ditambah reagen wagner terbentuk endapan coklat. Ditambah reagen dragendorf terbentuk endapan orange/ merah bata.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 264,
"width": 159,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemeriksaan Jumlah Eosinofil",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 277,
"width": 429,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Pengambilan sampel darah mencit dengan metode dibius terlebih dahulu dengan suntikan intraperitoneal ketamin 200 μg / g. Lokasi pengambilan darah di sinus retro- orbital / mata mencit menggunakan pipet kapiler hematokrit. Pengaplikasiannya bisa dilakukan dengan memasukkan pipet dengan sudut 45 o . Cara ini bisa menghasilkan darah dalam jumlah besar, sampel bisa diambil di kedua mata secara bergantian, ditampung di tabung darah EDTA.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 367,
"width": 428,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Pemeriksaan hitung sel eosinofil darah adalah hitung sel eosinofil x 109 / liter plasma darah, dihitung dengan alat analisa hematologi otomatis (Sysmex-XS-800i, Jepang). Skala ukuran variabel ini adalah rasio.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 411,
"width": 429,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Analisis data dilakukan dengan one way ANOVA kemudian dianalisis dengan uji post hoc untuk mengetahui perbedaan antara 2 kelompok perlakuan. Data disajikan sebagai mean ± SD. Signifikansi didefinisikan pada tingkat p <0,05.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 455,
"width": 219,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemeriksaan Jumlah Sel Mast yang Stabil",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 469,
"width": 423,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Pemeriksaan sel mast dilakukan secara histopatologi paru mencit dengan pewarnaan Toluidine blue dan diamati dengan mikroskop software perbesaran 400x Image Optilab Pro6.1. Skala ukuran variabel ini adalah rasio.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 510,
"width": 423,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Analisis data dilakukan dengan one way ANOVA kemudian dianalisis dengan uji post hoc untuk mengetahui perbedaan antara 2 kelompok perlakuan. Data disajikan sebagai mean ± SD. Signifikansi didefinisikan pada tingkat p <0,05.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 564,
"width": 157,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 578,
"width": 423,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a. Hasil Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Jahe Merah ( Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) Skrining fitokimia perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui adanya kandungan senyawa pada suatu tanaman, pada penelitian ini menggunakan ekstrak jahe merah ( Zingiber officinale var.rubrum ) dilakukan skrining fitokimia yaitu untuk mengetahui adanya kandungan senyawa minyak atsiri, flavonoid, alkaloid yang mempunyai aktivitas farmakologi. Skrining fitokimia dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif menggunakan pereaksi kimia. Hasil skrining fitokimia disajikan pada tabel 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 779,
"width": 15,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "86",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 171,
"top": 85,
"width": 257,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1 Hasil Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Jahe Merah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 255,
"width": 396,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b. Hasil Analisis Normalitas dan Homogenitas Data Jumlah Eosinofil dan Sel Mast",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 282,
"width": 408,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji normalitas data untuk variabel jumlah eosinofil diperoleh nilai-p> 0,05 artinya data berdistribusi normal, dan untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar beberapa kelompok digunakan uji statistik Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), kemudian Untuk mengetahui perbedaan antara masing-masing kelompok digunakan analisis statistik Post Hoc Test.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 144,
"top": 357,
"width": 334,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2. Normalitas data Shapiro-Wilk Jumlah Eosinofil Dan Sel Mast",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 375,
"width": 378,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Variabel Kelompok Jumlah Eosinofil (Sel x 10 9 /L) Jumlah Sel Mast stabil Normal 0.777 0.119 Negatif 0.429 0.325 Positif (Deksametason) 0.421 0.119 Ekstrak Jahe merah 0.814 0.814",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 493,
"width": 409,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan tabel 2 uji normalitas data Shapiro Wilk menunjukkan jumlah eosinofil dan sel mast nilai p > 0,05 artinya data jumlah eosinofil dan sel mast berdistribusi normal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 552,
"width": 276,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 3. Data Homogenitas Jumlah Eosinofil dan Sel Mast",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 570,
"width": 348,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Variabel Nilai-p Jumlah eosinofil Jumlah sel mast stabil 0.117 0.509",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 626,
"width": 409,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan tabel 3, hasil uji homogenitas data pada jumlah eosinofil dan sel mast diperoleh nilai p> 0,05 yang berarti data homogen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 666,
"width": 177,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c. Hasil Analisis Jumlah Eosinofil",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 680,
"width": 409,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis statistik jumlah eosinofil pada kelompok kontrol normal (K1), kelompok kontrol negatif (K2), kelompok kontrol positif / deksametason (K3), kelompok ekstrak Jahe merah dengan uji ANOVA menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan pada rata-rata eosinofil p = 0,001. Hasil pengujian mean, nilai SD, F dan nilai p eosinofil pada kelompok K1, K2, K3, K4 disajikan pada tabel 4.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 124,
"top": 102,
"width": 347,
"height": 134,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No Uji Pereaksi Warna Hasil Uji 1 Minyak atsiri Kloroform + H 2 SO 4 Merah Jingga / Ungu Positif 2 Flavonoid Serbuk Mg + HCl Pekat Merah / Kuning Positif 3 Alkaloid Reagen Meyer Reagen Wagner Reagen Dragendorf Endapan putih Endapan coklat Endapan orange/ Merah Bata Positif",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 779,
"width": 15,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "87",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 97,
"width": 358,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 4. Rata-rata, Nilai SD, F, Nilai P Jumlah Data Eosinofil Group Eosinophils Normal Negatif Positif (Deksametason) Ekstrak Jahe merah Mean 0.38 0.90 0.48 0.64 SD 0.148 0.308 0.131 0.114 Nilai F 6.773 Nilai-p 0.001",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 225,
"width": 409,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan tabel 4, hasil analisis selisih mean di atas menghasilkan nilai F = 6,773 dan p-value = 0,001 artinya antara tiap kelompok belajar jumlah eosinofil terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan. Kelompok kontrol negatif (K2) memiliki nilai rerata tertinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol normal (K1), kontrol positif / deksametason (K3), kelompok ekstrak Jahe merah (K4). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata eosinofil yang tinggi pada kelompok kontrol negatif dapat diturunkan dengan pemberian ekstrak jahe merah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 190,
"top": 534,
"width": 219,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2. Grafik Jumlah Rata-rata Eosinofil",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 560,
"width": 409,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perbedaan rerata antara 2 kelompok yang dianalisis dengan Post Hoc Test menunjukkan rerata jumlah eosinofil antara kelompok kontrol negatif (K2) rata-rata 0.9 ± 0,148 x 10 9 dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol positif/ deksametason (K3) rerata 0.48 ± 0.31 x 10 9 / L. Nilai p = 0.002 artinya ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok K2 dan K3. Perbedaan rata-rata kelompok kontrol positif /deksametason (K3) adalah 0.48 ± 0.31 x 10 9 / L dengan ekstrak jahe merah (K4) dengan mean 0,64 ± 0,114 x 10 9 / L p-value = 0,188, artinya tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik antara kelompok K3 dan K4 dalam menurunkan jumlah eosinofil.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 698,
"width": 180,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "d. Hasil Analisis Jumlah Sel Mast",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 712,
"width": 415,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis statistik jumlah sel mast pada kelompok kontrol normal (K1), kelompok kontrol negatif (K2), kelompok kontrol positif / deksametason (K3), kelompok ekstrak Jahe merah(K4) dengan uji ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 210,
"top": 351,
"width": 150,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JUMLAH EOSINOFIL",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 141,
"top": 379,
"width": 74,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "0.4 0.3 0.2 Normal",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 363,
"width": 326,
"height": 153,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Negatif Positif Ekstrak jahe (Deksametason) merah Kelompok Ju m la h se l X 1 0 9",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 779,
"width": 15,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "88",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 86,
"width": 414,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "signifikan pada rata-rata sel mast p = 0,001. Hasil pengujian mean, nilai SD, F dan nilai p sel mast pada kelompok K1, K2, K3, K4 disajikan pada tabel 5.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 120,
"width": 432,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 5. Nilai Rata-rata, SD, F, Nilai-p Jumlah Sel Mast Sel mast Kelompok Normal Negatif Positif (Deksametason) Ekstrak jahe merah Mean 5 2 4 3.4 SD 1 0.71 1 1.14 Nilai F 8.281 Nilai p 0.001",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 221,
"width": 414,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan tabel 5, hasil analisis selisih mean di atas menghasilkan nilai F = 8.281 dan nilai p = 0,001 yang artinya antara tiap kelompok perlakuan terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna. Kelompok kontrol positif / deksametason (K3) dapat mencegah degranulasi sel mast tertinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol negatif (K2) dan kelompok ekstrak jahe merah (K4).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 510,
"width": 273,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 3. Grafik Jumlah Rata-rata Sel Mast yang Stabil",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 536,
"width": 409,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perbedaan rata-rata antara 2 kelompok yang dianalisis dengan Post Hoc Test menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata jumlah sel mast yang tidak terdegranulasi antara kelompok kontrol negatif (K2) adalah 2 ± 0,71 dan kelompok kontrol positif / deksametason (K3) 4 ± 1 , nilai-p = 0,005 artinya terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok K2 dan K3. Dapat dikatakan bahwa deksametason (K3) dapat mencegah degranulasi sel mast. Perbedaan rerata antara kelompok kontrol positif / deksametason (K3) 4 ± 1 dan kelompok ekstrak jahe merah (K4) mean 3.4 ± 1.14 = 0,345 artinya secara statistik tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok K3 dan K4 dalam mencegah degranulasi sel mast.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 660,
"width": 409,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil analisis jumlah sel mast bronkial pada semua kelompok dilakukan dengan pengambilan organ paru. Uji histopatologi dilakukan dengan pewarnaan Toluidine Blue , diamati secara mikroskopis dengan perbesaran 400 x. Gambaran histopatologi sel mast stabilizer disajikan pada gambar 4.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 779,
"width": 15,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "89",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 306,
"width": 409,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 4. Perbandingan sel mast stabil pada kelompok kontrol normal (K1), kelompok kontrol negatif (K2), kelompok kontrol positif / deksametason (K3) dan kelompok ekstrak Jahe merah (K4), dengan pewarnaan toluidine blue, 400 x pembesaran, mikroskop cahaya OLYMPUS CX21",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 362,
"width": 408,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil penelitian ini menggunakan jahe merah ( Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) pada pengujian skrining fitokimia mengandung senyawa aktif minyak atsiri, flavonoid dan alkaloid yang bermanfaat sebagai obat. Hal tersebut sejalan dengan penelitian Srikandi, Humaeroh dan Sutamihardja 2020 bahwa golongan metabolit sekunder pada ekstrak jahe merah adalah flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, terpenoid dan tanin (Srikandi, Humaeroh dan Sutamihardja, 2020). Hasil penelitian Setya 2020, menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 96% jahe merah mempunyai aktivitas mukolitik secara in vitro (Setya, 2020)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 473,
"width": 409,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kemampuan minyak atsiri menghambat pelepasan histamin dan/ serotonin pada fase pertama. Pada fase selanjutnya sitral menghambat enzim siklooksigenase yang berperan dalam pembentukan prostaglandin dan leukotrien. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan minyak atsiri memiliki kandungan yang berpotensi sebagai anti- inflamasi ( Saputri & Zahara, 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 542,
"width": 409,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Komponen aktif jahe gingerol pada jahe merah dapat melemahkan saluran napas yang hiperresponsif, dengan mengubah iregulasi kalsium, senyawa yang dimurnikan dapat memberikan efek terapeutik pada beta agonis, penyakit saluran napas seperti asma (Townsend et al. , 2013)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 597,
"width": 409,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Eosinofil berkontribusi pada keparahan asma dan dapat bertindak sebagai penanda keparahan asma dan juga dapat mengidentifikasi respons terhadap pengobatan dan mengendalikan asma yang parah. (Carr et al. , 2016). Eosinofil juga ditemukan meningkat pada kasus asma alergi. Mekanisme kerja eosinofil menggunakan opini yang dibantu oleh imunoglobulin E sehingga eosinofil sangat erat kaitannya dengan Ig E. Gambaran karak`teristik inflamasi ditandai dengan peningkatan jumlah eosinofil yang teraktivasi sehingga menyebabkan kerusakan epitel saluran napas (Palupi et al. , 2020). Eosinofil dahak merupakan cerminan akurat dari mekanisme asma yang didominasi sel Th2, asma eosinofil umumnya didefinisikan oleh 0,1% -3% eosinofil. Pada penderita asma eosinofilik, terdapat korelasi antara peningkatan eosinofil sputum dengan beratnya penyakit asma",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 779,
"width": 15,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "90",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 86,
"width": 147,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(Walford and Doherty, 2014).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 99,
"width": 415,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian Donre 2016 menegaskan bahwa formula herbal kombinasi Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale dan Alpinia galanga menunjukkan aktivitas antiasma tergantung dosis yang signifikan dalam model hewan coba secara in-vivo menunjukkan potensinya dalam profilaksis dan pengobatan asma dengan penghambatan leukosit dan eosinofil (P. R. Dongre * 1, C. A. Doifode 1, 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 168,
"width": 380,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sel mast berkontribusi pada pertahanan tubuh serta gangguan alergi dan asma.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 182,
"width": 409,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mereka bermigrasi ke jaringan yang meradang dan melepaskan mediator pro- inflamasi dengan degranulasi setelah aktivasi reseptor permukaan sel seperti reseptor IgE afinitas tinggi (FcεRI), reseptor prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) atau reseptor untuk faktor sel induk pada sel mast manusia dan tikus (Weichhart, Hengstschläger and Linke, 2018)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 265,
"width": 140,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SIMPULAN DAN SARAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 279,
"width": 51,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Simpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 293,
"width": 423,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ekstrak jahe merah terbukti mengurangi jumlah eosinofil dan dapat mencegah degranulasi sel mast pada model mencit asma. Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik antara ekstrak jahe merah dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif /deksametason dalam menurunkan jumlah eosinofil, nilai p = 0,188 dan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan secara statistik antara ekstrak jahe merah dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif / deksametason dalam mencegah degranulasi sel mast, nilai p = 0,345",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 375,
"width": 33,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Saran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 389,
"width": 423,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perlu dilakukan penelian antiasma ekstrak jahe merah terhadap ketebalan epitel bronkiolus dan kadar Imunoglobulin E (Ig-E)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 442,
"width": 113,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 456,
"width": 428,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amin, K. (2012) ‘The role of mast cells in allergic inflammation’, Respiratory Medicine . Elsevier Ltd, 106(1), pp. 9–14. Carr, T. F. et al. (2016) ‘Eosinophilic bioactivities in severe asthma’, World Allergy Organization Journal . World Allergy Organization Journal, 9(1), pp. 1–7. Global Initiative For Asthma (GINA) (2017) ‘Global Strategy For Asthma Management and Prevention’, Global Initiative for Asthma , p. http://ginasthma.org/2017-gina- report-global-strat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 553,
"width": 429,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "P. R. Dongre * 1, C. A. Doifode 1, S. B. T. 1 and S. S. B. 2 S. (2016) ‘Anti Allergic and Antiasthmatic Effect of Herbal Formulation on’, International journal of pharmacognoc , 3(10), pp. 461–464. Palupi, D. A. et al. (2020) ‘The effect of nigella sativa oil on number eosinophils, neutrophils, serum ige levels to asthma mice resistant of corticosteroid’,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 622,
"width": 428,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research , 12(1), pp. 896–901. Roselin, D., Darwin, E. and Medison, I. (2017) ‘Hubungan Eosinofil dan Neutrofil Darah Tepi terhadap Derajat Keparahan Asma pada Pasien Asma di Bagian Rawat Inap Paru RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang Periode 2010 – 2013’, Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas , 6(1), p. 175.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 691,
"width": 428,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setya, A. liana (2020) ‘Uji Aktivitas Mukolitik Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) dan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ungu (Graptophyllum pictum) Secara In Vitro’, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang , pp. 14–15.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 498,
"top": 779,
"width": 15,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "91",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 86,
"width": 428,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Srikandi, S., Humaeroh, M. and Sutamihardja, R. (2020) ‘Kandungan Gingerol Dan Shogaol Dari Ekstrak Jahe Merah (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) Dengan Metode Maserasi Bertingkat’, al-Kimiya , 7(2), pp. 75–81.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 127,
"width": 428,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tanaka, J. (2010) ‘Research and Development Division, Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co., Ltd., Ichinomiya; 2 Hamuri Co., Ltd., Tokyo; 4 Department of Biological Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Okayama; 5 Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka Univer’, 13(1), pp. 156–162.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 182,
"width": 428,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Townsend, E. A. et al. (2013) ‘Effects of ginger and its constituents on airway smooth muscle relaxation and calcium regulation’, American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology , 48(2), pp. 157–163.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 224,
"width": 428,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Walford, H. H. and Doherty, T. A. (2014) ‘Diagnosis and management of eosinophilic asthma: A US perspective’, Journal of Asthma and Allergy , (7), pp. 53–65. Weichhart, T., Hengstschläger, M. and Linke, M. (2018) ‘Europe PMC Funders Group Regulation of innate immune cell function by mTOR’, Nature Reviews Immunology , 15(10), pp. 599–614.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
e3f75455-03b3-7aa4-b1b0-84e4aa9feec7 | https://jurnal.stisummulayman.ac.id/almashaadir/article/download/102/44 | [
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 189,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Al Mashaadir : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 378,
"top": 38,
"width": 145,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "doi.org/10.52029/jis.v4i1.102",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 538,
"top": 792,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "21",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 796,
"width": 282,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Al Mashaadir : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, Vol. 04 No. 01, June 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 72,
"width": 425,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analysis of Jurisdiction Effectiveness in Conducting Ghaib Calls Through Mass Media in Kraksaan Religious Court",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 124,
"width": 341,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "M. Fajri Maulana Ahkam 1 *, Fathullah Rusly 2 , Vita Firdausiyah 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 172,
"top": 152,
"width": 252,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "123 Universitas Islam Zainul Hasan Genggong *Corresponddence Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 268,
"top": 208,
"width": 62,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 222,
"width": 454,
"height": 197,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This study discusses the effectiveness of bailiffs in making summons from the occult through the mass media at the Kraksaan Religious Court. Then the sub-topic of the discussion is the occult summons process carried out by the Kraksaan Religious Court and the efforts made by the court to optimize the occult summons. The purpose of this study is to find out the implementation of occult summons through the mass media and their effectiveness at the Kraksaan Religious Court. This research was conducted at the Kraksaan Religious Court using a descriptive qualitative research type. Data acquisition is taken from primary and secondary data. The data acquisition method is by means of interviews and taking from data concerning magical summons. In the process of summoning ghoib cases, the use of mass media such as newspapers, bulletin boards, and radio broadcasts is no longer effective at this time. So that it is necessary to update the regulations or suggestions from the author regarding this matter, because they are no longer in accordance with social conditions in the digitalization era, there is a need to renew the conventional method of summoning the occult.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 433,
"width": 299,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords: Effectiveness, Bailiffs, Ghaib Calls, Mass Media",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 271,
"top": 461,
"width": 56,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 475,
"width": 454,
"height": 211,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini membahas tentang Efektivitas Jurusita dalam Melakukan Panggilan Ghoib Melalui Media Massa Di Pengadilan Agama Kraksaan. Kemudian yang menjadi sub pokok pembahasan yaitu proses Panggilan gaib yang dilkaukan oleh Pengadilan Agama Kraksaan serta upaya yang dilakukan pengadilan untuk mengoptimalisasikan panggilan gaib. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui pelaksanaan panggilan gaib melalui media massa dan efektivitasannya di Pengadilan Agama Kraksaan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Pengadilan Agama Kraksaan dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Perolehan data diambil dari data primer dan skunder. Metode perolehan datanya dengan cara wawancara serta mengambil dari data-data yang menyangkut tentang panggilan gaib. Dalam proses pemanggilan perkara ghoib, penggunaan media massa seperti surat kabar, papan pengumuman, maupun siaran radio sudah tidak efektif lagi untuk dilakukan saat ini. Sehingga rekomendasi atau saran dari penulis mengenai hal ini perlu dilakukan pemutakhiran peraturan, karena sudah tidak sesuai lagi dengan keadaan sosial di era digitalisasi, perlunya pembaharuan cara konvensional dalam pemanggilan ghoib.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 701,
"width": 328,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata Kunci: Efektivitas, Jurusita, Panggilan Ghaib, Media Massa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 189,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Al Mashaadir : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 378,
"top": 38,
"width": 145,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "doi.org/10.52029/jis.v4i1.102",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 538,
"top": 792,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "22",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 796,
"width": 282,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Al Mashaadir : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, Vol. 04 No. 01, June 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 72,
"width": 91,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "INTRODUCTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 86,
"width": 454,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Indonesia is a unitary state with legal sovereignty, meaning that the Indonesian state holds full confidence that the highest authority over the state is exercised on the basis of law. Indonesian state law is based on the 1945 Constitution and has the Pancasila ideology. Justice, duty and constitutional recognition are important in the effort to create security, peace, and to see the life of the family, society, nation and patriotism. So that law enforcement agencies are needed, one of which is the Religious Courts. The aim is to help solve the problems of Indonesian Muslims in terms of grants, wills, inheritance, infaq, zakat, marriage, waqf, shadaqah, and sharia economics based on Islamic law. (Wardiyah, 2019)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 213,
"width": 454,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adam (2020) argues that, marriage is formalizing the bond of two people (man and woman) with a sacred promise bonding ceremony based on religious norms, social norms and legal norms. (Adam, 2020) In social life there are interests of one person conflicting with others, so that disputes often occur. Likewise, in family life there are often differences of opinion that cause disputes/disputes between husbands and wives which ultimately choose to divorce. (Luthfi, 2017) The divorce rate in Probolinggo throughout 2022 has reached 292 cases. The data is predicted to continue to grow until the end of the year.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 325,
"width": 454,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Islam explains that divorce is the last resort that is usually taken in household relations when there are problems that do not find a solution or a bright spot. This is regulated in Law no. 1 Article 38 (b) of 1974 concerning Marriage, which explains that the end of a marriage can occur due to divorce, death, and court decisions (Nur, D. U. H. et al, 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 396,
"width": 454,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The Religious Courts have regulated divorce procedures from the beginning to the end. The initial stage is the administrative process, this is done before entering the trial process by registering the lawsuit. The next stage is the Determination of the Panel of Judges (PMH) aimed at Determining the Day of the Session (PHS). Then a summons is made by the judge by appointing a bailiff. In article 388 HIR related summons or commonly called relaas is an authentic deed signed by the bailiff/substitute bailiff. (Ryan, Cooper and Tauer, 2013) bailiff is one of the legal officials who are given the responsibility to help smooth the trial process.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 508,
"width": 454,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Relaas summons is given to two parties, namely the plaintiff and the defendant, the aim is to notify the day, date and time to appear before the trial in court. Therefore, the presence of all parties will speed up the course of the trial and facilitate the judge's decision on the case. In fact, the plaintiff's ignorance regarding address information, the defendant's place of residence resulted in the summons not working properly. The plaintiff's ignorance does not mean that the defendant does not need to be summoned to court, so the summons of the occult is carried out through the mass media, this could be radio, newspapers, and others.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 621,
"width": 454,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Calling via radio is an option because it is the most efficient compared to other mass media. In line with the research conducted by Hermin Setiyowati in the Sakina Journal of UIN Malang with the title \"Effectiveness of Using Radio as a Media for Calls of the Unseen in the Lamongan Religious Court\", his research discussed the effectiveness of using radio as an alternative means of calling people whose place of residence is unknown. So he concluded that the attendance ratio which was less than the absence ratio in radio summons was still considered effective in presenting parties whose whereabouts were difficult to find (Setiyowati, 2017).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 733,
"width": 454,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Similarly, another study which is also in accordance with this research was conducted by Jamaluddin T in the Al-Adalah Journal entitled \"Effectiveness of Ghoib",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 189,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Al Mashaadir : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 378,
"top": 38,
"width": 145,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "doi.org/10.52029/jis.v4i1.102",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 538,
"top": 792,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "23",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 796,
"width": 282,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Al Mashaadir : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, Vol. 04 No. 01, June 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 72,
"width": 454,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Summons Against Divorce Cases in Religious Courts (Case Study in Class 1 A Watampone Religious Courts)\". In his research, he discusses the process and strategy of summoning the occult via radiogram (Suara Daya Indah Bone radio) conducted at the Watampone Religious Court. Apart from radio, calling on the occult at Watampone PA is also done through a bulletin board, by attaching a summons message to the board. In this article, Jamaluddin concludes that the strategy of summoning the occult is less effective when viewed from the data at Watampone PA which states that most of the parties summoned via radiogram did not attend the summons during the trial. Not only that, the media used in summoning the occult is considered to lack aspects of effective communication and the majority of modern society currently uses more social media with internet facilities (Jamaluddin, 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 227,
"width": 454,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "According to some of the research that the author obtained before, there are several updates that the author will examine in his research. The purpose of this study is that researchers want to see how effective bailiffs are in carrying out ghoib summons through the current mass media while still looking from the perspective of procedural law principles. It is hoped that this research will be able to provide broad knowledge and insight to readers with the research title \"Analysis of the Effectiveness of Bailiffs in Making Unseen Summons Through Mass Media at the Kraksaan Religious Court\".",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 339,
"width": 121,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "RESEARCH METHODS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 353,
"width": 454,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This research method uses normative juridical research, namely research that goes directly to the field and sees how effective bailiffs make ghoib summons through the mass media. The presence of researchers in this study is very important, researchers as instruments that can directly interact with the informants.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 410,
"width": 454,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The approach that researchers use is a qualitative descriptive approach. This method describes or describes descriptive qualitative data. This type of qualitative descriptive approach is used to analyze an event, phenomenon, or social situation.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 452,
"width": 454,
"height": 84,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The research area is the Kraksaan Religious Court, Probolinggo Regency. This research data collection technique is divided into two, namely primary data which is done through observation and interviews. And secondary data obtained by studying the theories, concepts, legal principles and various documents related to this research. The data analysis techniques were carried out by researchers by collecting data, condensing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions (Miles et al, 2014).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 550,
"width": 388,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Divorce Figures at the Kraksaan Religious Court, Probolinggo Regency",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 579,
"width": 454,
"height": 84,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Divorce is the breaking of the relationship between husband and wife which is decided by religion (talaq) or law as a result of which there is no interest, trust, and compatibility between the two anymore, causing disputes in the household (Untari, Putri and Hafiduddin, 2018). The divorce consists of several types, namely death divorce, talaq divorce, contested divorce, up to divorce by a judge as a third party known as fasakh (Hasanah, 2020).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 663,
"width": 454,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In 2019 the Ministry of Religion explained that there were 520,435 divorce cases in Indonesia. From the amount of data available, it can be concluded that the largest contributor to divorce data is Java (Rizky, 2020). Quoted from the Central Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Indonesia Prosecutor's Office, stated that the number of divorces each year increased by 50 percent. East Java Province in 2020 there were 6,011 divorce cases (Nurhalisa, 2021). Based on the results of observations made by the Kraksaan Religious Court, data on types of divorce cases were obtained in the last 10",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 189,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Al Mashaadir : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 378,
"top": 38,
"width": 145,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "doi.org/10.52029/jis.v4i1.102",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 538,
"top": 792,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "24",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 796,
"width": 282,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Al Mashaadir : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, Vol. 04 No. 01, June 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 72,
"width": 454,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "years. From this data, there were 29,617 cases registered, 29,718 cases decided, and 30,238 cases uploaded on the website of the Kraksaan Religious Court. The following is a graph of divorce data in the last 10 years recorded at the Kraksaan Religious Court.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 118,
"top": 257,
"width": 358,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 1. Graph of Divorce Data for the Last 10 Years Recorded at PA Kraksaan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 283,
"width": 454,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "From the graph of divorce data above, it can be concluded that the majority of divorces occur from various aspects, among which the most universal aspect is the economy. Based on interviews with informant 1, it was said that the economy was the main factor in household disharmony, some due to acts of domestic violence (domestic violence), infidelity, and there were some things that could indeed be resolved by deliberation. At the beginning of 2023, there were 499 divorce cases registered at the Kraksaan Religious Court.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 381,
"width": 454,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "From the results of the divorce data obtained, a spike in divorce cases occurred from 2020 to 2022. Where the husband and wife who filed a lawsuit were young couples aged 17-22 years. In 2020 as many as 98.9% of divorce cases were recorded at the Kraksaan Religious Court, of which 34.55% were talak divorces and 65.45% contested divorces. In 2021 there will be as much as 98.93% with 36.14% talak divorce and 63.86% contested divorce. Whereas in 2022 there are 98.39% of divorce cases, of which 66.05% are the type of contested divorce and 33.95% are the type of talak divorce. As for the Kraksaan Religious Court, the majority of cases that are often filed are divorce cases, with an average percentage of 60% each year. Below are divorce cases in the category of divorce divorce and divorce contested in the last 3 years received by the Kraksaan Religious Court.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 546,
"width": 441,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 1. Divorce cases in the categories of Divorce and Claim Divorce in the last 3 years received",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 149,
"top": 558,
"width": 301,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "by PA Kraksaan Year Total Cerai Talak Cerai Gugat 2020 2.333 806 1.527 2021 2.407 870 1.537 2022 2.639 896 1.743 Jumlah 7.379 2.572 4.807",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 645,
"width": 181,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ghaib Calls Through Mass Media",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 659,
"width": 454,
"height": 84,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The trigger for the emergence of many occult cases is due to the separate locations of the plaintiff's and defendant's residences, such as the defendant choosing to change his residence to overseas areas, for example, the country of Singapore. Settlement of occult cases using occult summons, these summons are intended for occult parties or parties whose addresses are not clearly detected. Magical cases are easy matters at affordable costs. Based on PP. No. 9 of 1975 article (27) states that",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 189,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Al Mashaadir : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 378,
"top": 38,
"width": 145,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "doi.org/10.52029/jis.v4i1.102",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 538,
"top": 792,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "25",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 796,
"width": 282,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Al Mashaadir : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, Vol. 04 No. 01, June 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 72,
"width": 454,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "summons from the occult can be notified through one or several mass media. More details PP. No. 9 of 1975 article (27) as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 100,
"width": 436,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1) In the event that the defendant is in the condition referred to in Article 20 paragraph (2), namely; in the event that the place of residence of the defendant is unclear or cannot be known or does not have a permanent place of residence, the application for divorce shall be made at the court where the plaintiff resides. So the summons is carried out by posting the case on a notice board near the court and announcing it in one or several newspapers or other mass media that has been determined by the court.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 199,
"width": 436,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2) Notifications through newspapers or mass media as referred to in paragraph (1) are made 2 (two) times with an interval of one month between the first and second notifications.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 241,
"width": 436,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3) The extension of time between the final summons as referred to in paragraph (2) and the trial is set for at least 3 (three) months.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 269,
"width": 436,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4) In the event that the summons as referred to in paragraph (2) has been summoned against the defendant or his legal adviser is still unable to attend, then the lawsuit can be accepted without the presence of the defendant, unless the lawsuit is baseless or without rights.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 325,
"width": 454,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "As stipulated in article 1 Rv and article 121 paragraph (1) HIR regarding the relaas of summons for the first occult case contains: (Hamami, 2004)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 353,
"width": 335,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a) The names of the plaintiff and the defendant to be summoned",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 367,
"width": 286,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b) The date, time and place where the trial will be held",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 382,
"width": 230,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c) To present the relevant witnesses at trial",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 396,
"width": 268,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d) Bring all the documents needed and will be used",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 410,
"width": 454,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e) The affirmative may use a letter to respond to a lawsuit Not only that, so that the summons fulfills the formal requirements, in article 1 Rv and article 121 paragraph (2) HIR Article 121 paragraph (2) HIR requires a bailiff to: (Hamami, 2004)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 466,
"width": 249,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a) Attach a summons with a copy of the lawsuit",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 480,
"width": 454,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b) A copy of the lawsuit is considered as the original lawsuit Based on the instructions given by the Registrar, it is quite difficult to obtain data on occult cases. This is because the data on ghoib divorce cases where the defendant and plaintiff are not seen individually are not small, so the process of recording one by one ghoib divorce case takes a long time. Because of this, only data were taken for 2021 and 2022. Data on occult cases, especially at the Kraksaan Religious Court, can be seen in Table 2 below.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 139,
"top": 579,
"width": 319,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 2. Data on Ghoib Divorce Cases at the Kraksaan Religious Court",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 201,
"top": 592,
"width": 179,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Month Year 2021 2022 January 24 17 February 17 11 March 16 22 April 13 11 May 17 15 June 19 5 July 20 9 August 8 13 September 4 6 October 11 8 November 3 16 December 9 17",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 189,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Al Mashaadir : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 378,
"top": 38,
"width": 145,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "doi.org/10.52029/jis.v4i1.102",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 538,
"top": 792,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "26",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 796,
"width": 282,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Al Mashaadir : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, Vol. 04 No. 01, June 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 219,
"top": 74,
"width": 161,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Month Year 2021 2022 Total 161 140",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 128,
"width": 454,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 2 above shows that from 2021 to 2022 there will be 301 occult cases at the Kraksaan Religious Court, where in 2021 there will be 161 occult cases, and in 2022 there will be 140 occult cases. The occult divorce rate in the last two years is quite high. The clerk said that there were two main triggering factors behind the many cases of the occult at the Kraksaan Religious Court, namely: (1) husband and wife who were divorced and were in different areas (rantauan), and (2) costs were relatively cheaper and affordable.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 226,
"width": 454,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The mechanism for summoning ghoib at the Kraksaan Religious Court is regulated in Law Number 1 of 1974 and PP Regulations. No. 9 of 1975 article (27) is as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 268,
"width": 436,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1) Divorce and divorce cases that have been registered at the Registrar's Office at the Kraksaan Religious Court will be determined by the Assembly. The Chairperson of the Assembly then determines the Determination of Session Days (PHS) which will be determined by the Chairperson of the Kraksaan Religious Court.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 339,
"width": 436,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2) The bailiff or substitute bailiff then summons the parties to prepare to attend the trial at the Kraksaan Religious Court at the time determined in accordance with the Determination of Session Days (PHS). If there is an occult case, the bailiff is ordered to summon the occult case party via radio broadcast, and the relaas of the summons to the occult case is also posted on the information board at the Kraksaan Religious Court and also posted on the information board in the Probolinggo Regent's Office.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 437,
"width": 436,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3) The procedure for summoning the occult is carried out twice, namely, the grace period between the first and second summons is 1 (one) month and the grace period between the second summons and the day of the trial is 3 (three) months, so the total is 4 (four) month.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 493,
"width": 436,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4) If the defendant or respondent is not present until the decision letter is read out, then the case will be reviewed again and resolved with the Verstek procedure.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 536,
"width": 292,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The Effectiveness of Ghost Calls Through Mass Media",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 550,
"width": 454,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Calling through the mass media certainly has its own advantages and disadvantages. As for some of the characteristics of the mass media, namely:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 578,
"width": 367,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1) Publicity, which means disseminating to the general public (public).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 592,
"width": 436,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2) Universality, meaning conveying messages that are general in nature regarding all aspects of life, events that occur in various places, and concerning the public interest. This is because the target audience is a lot of people.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 634,
"width": 436,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3) Periodicity, meaning the grouping of content characteristics that are published periodically, for example daily, weekly, or several hours per day.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 662,
"width": 436,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4) Continuity, meaning continuously and continuously based on the publication schedule period.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 690,
"width": 436,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5) Actuality, meaning that the contents of the mass media are always new topics, such as information/reports on the latest events, new tips or tricks, and so on. This actuality also means the speed of the mass media in conveying information to the public.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 189,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Al Mashaadir : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 378,
"top": 38,
"width": 145,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "doi.org/10.52029/jis.v4i1.102",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 538,
"top": 792,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "27",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 796,
"width": 282,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Al Mashaadir : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, Vol. 04 No. 01, June 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 72,
"width": 454,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on the results of interviews with informant 2, he stated that he had never met a defendant or respondent who came directly to court from the first time he carried out his duties at the Kraksaan Religious Court in handling occult cases. In addition, resource person 3, who is a clerk, said that while serving as assistant clerk in court, he only met the defendant or the respondent who came directly to court 1-2 times. On the other hand, resource person 4 as an Alternate Registrar said that he had never met the defendant in an occult case who came directly to court.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 171,
"width": 454,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "An interview was also conducted with the bailiff at the Kraksaan Religious Court (Interviewee 5), it was said that summoning occult cases via radio broadcasts and posting summons on the notice board was fairly easy. However, not all of the summons reached the occult defendants, this was because only some people were still listening to radio broadcasts and there was a lack of interest in reading the news on the bulletin boards. Source 6 who is also a bailiff added that only 3.5% of the defendants in occult cases came to court until the case was finished and 96.5% of summons did not reach the occult defendants.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 283,
"width": 454,
"height": 113,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The conclusion from the results of the interviews above with several court clerks, namely a defendant or respondent in an occult case who had been summoned via radio broadcasts (mass media) or through information boards at the Kraksaan Religious Court and the Probolinggo Regent's Office, the majority did not come to the trial. There were also several factors causing the defendants/respondents to attend, namely: first, calls/phone calls from parents/relatives who live in Probolinggo Regency; second, hearing from radio broadcasts (mass media) and third, getting information from the surrounding community.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 396,
"width": 454,
"height": 84,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Meanwhile, summoning the defendant/respondent from occult through radio broadcasts is considered less effective. Judging from the current developments, the rapid advancement of technology has resulted in a decrease in the attractiveness of summons through the mass media. This is due to the lack of public interest in reading news through newspapers, bulletin boards, and listening to the radio. The current era of digitalization is able to divert people's attention from the mass media.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 494,
"width": 75,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "CONCLUSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 508,
"width": 454,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In the process of summoning ghoib cases, the use of mass media such as newspapers, bulletin boards, and radio broadcasts is no longer effective at this time. So that the author's suggestion regarding this matter needs to be updated with regulations, because they are no longer in accordance with social conditions in the digitalization era, there is a need to renew the conventional method of summoning the occult.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 579,
"width": 454,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on the results of observations made by the Kraksaan Religious Court, data on types of divorce cases were obtained in the last 10 years. From this data, there were 29,617 cases registered, 29,718 cases decided, and 30,238 cases uploaded on the website of the Kraksaan Religious Court. The following is a graph of divorce data in the last 10 years recorded at the Kraksaan Religious Court.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 649,
"width": 454,
"height": 84,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on the instructions given by the Registrar, it is quite difficult to obtain data on occult cases. This is because the data on ghoib divorce cases where the defendant and plaintiff are not seen individually are not small, so the process of recording one by one ghoib divorce case takes a long time. Because of this, only data were taken for 2021 and 2022. Data on occult cases, especially at the Kraksaan Religious Court, can be seen in Table 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 733,
"width": 454,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Then in the case of calling the defendant/respondent occult through radio broadcasts it is considered less effective. Judging from the current developments, the",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 189,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Al Mashaadir : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 378,
"top": 38,
"width": 145,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "doi.org/10.52029/jis.v4i1.102",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 538,
"top": 792,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "28",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 796,
"width": 282,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Al Mashaadir : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, Vol. 04 No. 01, June 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 72,
"width": 454,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "rapid advancement of technology has resulted in a decrease in the attractiveness of summons through the mass media. This is due to the lack of public interest in reading news through newspapers, bulletin boards, and listening to the radio. The current era of digitalization is able to divert people's attention from the mass media.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 128,
"width": 454,
"height": 127,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The renewal of ghoib summons can use radiograms, and requires new innovations that are in accordance with the current era which is rife with internet media, namely social media such as Instagram, Facebook, WhatsApp, or other social media. The three media are media with the most users and can be accessed in remote or remote areas. In supporting the effectiveness of subpoenas through the mass media, the role of law enforcement officials is indispensable. A bailiff and assistant bailiff also have an important role in carrying out their duties at the Kraksaan Religious Court, namely being able to carry out their duties in accordance with applicable regulations and with a sense of responsibility.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 269,
"width": 74,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "REFERENCES",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 283,
"width": 454,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adam, A. (2020) ‘DINAMIKA PERNIKAHAN DINI’, AL -WARDAH, 13(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.46339/al-wardah.v13i1.155.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 311,
"width": 454,
"height": 70,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hamami, T. (2004) ‘Hukum Acara Perdata Agama’, (C), pp. 11– 15. Available at: https://eprints.untirta.ac.id/6466/1/HAKI BUKU_HUKUM ACARA PERDATA.pdf. Hasanah, U. (2020) ‘Pengaruh Perceraian Orangtua Bagi Psikologis Anak’, AGENDA: Jurnal Analisis Gender dan Agama, 2(1), p. 18. Available at: https://doi.org/10.31958/agenda.v2i1.198.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 382,
"width": 454,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hermin Setiyowati, “Efektivitas Penggunaan Radio Sebagai Media Untuk Panggilan Ghoib di Pengadilan Agama Lamongan”, SAKINA: Journal of Family Studies, Vol. 01, No. 01, (Desember, 2017), 2580-9865.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 424,
"width": 454,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hudaya Nur, D. U., Sagita, F. ., & Annisah, R. (2022). EFEKTIVITAS PEMANGGILAN MELALUI MEDIA MASSA TERHADAP TERGUGAT YANG TIDAK DIKETAHUI KEBERADAANNYA (GHAIB) DI PENGADILAN AGAMA. QISTHOSIA: Jurnal Syariah Dan Hukum, 3(2), 139 – 148. https://doi.org/10.46870/jhki.v3i2.391 Jamaluddin T, “Efektivitas Pemanggilan Ghoib Terhadap Perkara Perceraian Di Pengadilan Agama (Studi Kasus pada Pengadilan Agama Kelas 1 A Watampone)”, Jurnal Al-Adalah, Vol. 03, No. 01, (Januari, 2018), 1-13.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 522,
"width": 454,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Luthfi, M. (2017) ‘Komunikasi Interpersonal Suami dan Istri Dalam Mencegah Perceraian di Ponorogo’, ETTISAL Journal of Communication, 2(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.21111/ettisal.v2i1.1413.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 564,
"width": 454,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Miles, Matthew B, Michael Huberman dan Jhonny Saldana, 2014. Qualititative Data Analysis A Methods Sourcebook Edition 3, (London: Sage Publications)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 593,
"width": 454,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nurhalisa, R. (2021) ‘Tinjauan Literatur: Faktor Penyebab dan Upaya Pencegahan Sistematis Terhadap Perceraian’, Media Gizi Kesmas, 10 (1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.20473/mgk.v10i1.2021.157-164.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 635,
"width": 454,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rizky, A.I. (2020) ‘Motif Perceraian Keluarga’, Jurnal Perspektif, 4(2). Ryan, Cooper and Tauer (2013) ‘Penentuan Hari Sidang dan Pemanggilan Para Pihak Serta Penundaan Pelaksanaan Keputus an Tata Usaha Negara’, Paper Knowledge. Toward a Media History of Documents, pp. 12 – 26.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 691,
"width": 454,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Untari, I., Putri, K.P.D. and Hafiduddin, M. (2018) ‘Dampak Perceraian Orang Tua Terhadap Kesehatan Psikologis Remaja’, Profesi (Profesional Islam) : Media Publikasi Penelitian, 15(2). Available at: https://doi.org/10.26576/profesi.272.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 38,
"width": 189,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Al Mashaadir : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 378,
"top": 38,
"width": 145,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "doi.org/10.52029/jis.v4i1.102",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 538,
"top": 792,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "29",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 796,
"width": 282,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Al Mashaadir : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, Vol. 04 No. 01, June 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 72,
"width": 454,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Wardiyah, M.L. (2019) ‘Penegakan Hukum Ekonomi Syari’ah Di Pengadilan Agama dalam Wilayah Pengadilan Tinggi Agama Bandung’, Jurnal Perspektif, 2(2). Available at: https://doi.org/10.15575/jp.v2i2.29.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
c2f4b3ad-0bf2-fa29-76f9-f656dd23d8bd | https://unidar.e-journal.id/agh/article/download/26/23 | [
{
"left": 178,
"top": 36,
"width": 130,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Agrohut",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 59,
"width": 228,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Darussalam Ambon",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 316,
"top": 42,
"width": 198,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Volume: 1 Nomor: 1 Tahun: 2010 16",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 100,
"width": 440,
"height": 56,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Inokulasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula dan Bahan Organik terhadap Pertumbuhan Semai Jati Ambon ( Tectona grandis Linn f.)",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 173,
"width": 435,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Inoculation Influence Fungi Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Organic Material to Growth of Ambon Teak (Tectona grandis Linn f.) Seedling",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 172,
"top": 226,
"width": 253,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sedek Karepesina 1,* , Usman Umarella 1 , Amin Pattiasina 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 184,
"top": 252,
"width": 231,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1 Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Darussalam Ambon",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 195,
"top": 264,
"width": 205,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "* Email korespondensi: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 301,
"width": 40,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 312,
"width": 500,
"height": 205,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This research aim to investigated the applied of fungi arbuscular mycorrhiza and organic material in increasing growth of Ambon teak seedling. This research expected as component of inside information of exploiting effort of fungi arbuscular mycorrhiza and usage of organic material which can increase growth of teak seedling Ambon. This research done by using completely randomized design (RAL) in factorial consisted of two factors. Giving of Inoculum FMA (Glomus mosae) consisted of G0 (control), G1 (Inoculum FMA : 20 g/plant) and applied organic material consisted of B0 (control), B1 (50 gr/plant, B2 (100 gr/tanaman). This attempt repeated counted 3 times causing experimental unit total is 2 x 3 x 3 = 18 experimental units. Where every treatment consisted of 3 crop causing crop total observed is 43 crops. Result of variance analysis indicates that to teak; core seedling Ambon with giving of mycorrhiza influential reality until very real to all variables observed that is plant height at each observation age (2, 4, 6 and 8 MST), stalk diameter (2 and 8 MST), crop drought weight ( 8 MST), shoot-root ratio (8 MST). While doesn't having an effect on reality to leaf amounts (2 MST). At teak; core seedling Ambon with giving of organic material influential reality until very real to all variables observed that is plant height at each observation age (2, 4, 6 and 8 MST), stalk diameter (2 and 8 MST), crop drought weight (8 MST). While doesn't having an effect on reality to leaf amounts (2, 4 and 8 MST), shoot-root ratio (8 MST). Inoculation of Mycorrhiza with dose 20 gram/plant (G1) can give growth of Ambon teak seedling which is good, giving of organic material with dose 100 gram/plant ( B2) can give growth of teak seedling ambon which better.. Keywords: Growth, Inoculation, mycorrhiza, organic material, teak",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 531,
"width": 38,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 542,
"width": 446,
"height": 205,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemberian fungi mikoriza arbuskula dan bahan organik dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan semai jati Ambon. Penelitian ini diharapkan sebagai bahan informasi dalam upaya pemanfaatan fungi mikoriza arbuskula dan penggunaan bahan organik yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan semai jati Ambon. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dalam faktorial yang terdiri dari dua faktor. Pemberian Inokulum FMA ( Glomus mosae ) terdiri dari G 0 (kontrol), G 1 (Inokulum FMA : 20 gr/tanaman) dan Pemberian bahan organik terdiri dari B 0 (kontrol), B 1 (50 gr/tanaman, B 2 (100 gr/tanaman). Percobaan ini diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga total satuan percobaan adalah 2 x 3 x 3 = 18 satuan percobaan. Dimana setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 3 tanaman sehingga total tanaman yang diamati adalah 43 tanaman. Hasil analisa keragaman menunjukkan bahwa pada semai jati Ambon dengan pemberian mikoriza berpengaruh nyata sampai sangat nyata terhadap semua variabel yang diamati yaitu tinggi tanaman pada masing-masing umur pengamatan (2, 4, 6 dan 8 MST), diameter batang (2 dan 8 MST), berat kering tanaman (8 MST), nisbah pucuk akar (8 MST). Sedangkan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah daun (2 MST). Pada semai jati Ambon dengan pemberian bahan organik berpengaruh nyata sampai sangat nyata terhadap semua variabel yang diamati yaitu tinggi tanaman pada masing-masing umur pengamatan (2, 4, 6 dan 8 MST), diameter batang (2 dan 8 MST), berat kering tanaman (8 MST). Inokulasi Mikoriza dengan dosis 20 gram/tanaman (G 1 ) dapat memberikan pertumbuhan semai jati Ambon yang baik, pemberian bahan organik dengan dosis 100 gram/tanaman (B 2 ) dapat memberikan pertumbuhan semai jati ambon yang lebih baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 749,
"width": 266,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata kunci: Bahan organik, Inokulasi, mikoriza, pertumbuhan, jati",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 52,
"width": 229,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Agrohut, Volume 1(1), 2010. Halaman 16-24",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 553,
"top": 799,
"width": 17,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "17",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 85,
"width": 103,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "I. Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 110,
"width": 456,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Di Indonesia, jati merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman yang sangat penting, karena disamping memiliki kualitas kayu yang sangat bagus juga memiliki nilai ekonomi yang sangat tinggi tergolong ke dalam kelas kuat I dan kelas awet I yang banyak dibutuhkan untuk segala jenis kontruksi bangunan, mebel dan kerajinan (Sumarna, 2005).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 165,
"width": 457,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Permasalahan yang dihadapi dari penyediaan kayu jati ini adalah bahwa jenis kayu ini memiliki pertumbuhan yang lambat dan daur yang lama, sementara kebutuhan akan kayu dari tahun ke tahun terus meningkat seiring dengan laju pertambahan penduduk. Untuk membantu mengatasi permasalahan ini perlu adanya penanaman dan regenerasi yang cepat. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan suatu cara yang dapat memicu atau meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman jati sehingga didapatkan bibit yang cukup dan berkualitas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 248,
"width": 456,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penanaman jati di lahan marginal sangat dibutuhkan suatu teknologi yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan tanaman untuk bertahan hidup. Namun teknologi yang tersedia untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah selama ini lebih banyak terfokus pada pengelolaan pupuk dan pemupukan. Pendekatan-pendekatan lain belum banyak disentuh, walaupun disadari sepenuhnya bahwa kesuburan tanah merupakan keseimbangan antara aspek kimia, fisika dan biologi tanah. Manipulasi aspek biologi tanah dengan bijaksana memungkinkan penanganan kesuburan tanah dengan baik tanpa mencemari lingkungan. Potensi yang besar dari aspek biologi tanah adalah kemampuan mikroba tanah dalam membantu atau menyediakan hara sehingga tanaman tumbuh optimal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 372,
"width": 457,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Salah satu jenis mikroba tanah yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk membantu meningkatkan laju pertumbuhan tanaman adalah fungi mikoriza. Keefektifan fungi mikoriza dalam penyerapan unsur hara dapat menggantikan pemupukan yang memerlukan biaya tinggi terutama dalam penyerapan unsur fosfor. Fungi mikoriza dapat diberikan sejak tanaman masih pada tingkat semai. Telah diketahui bahwa fungi mikoriza merupakan salah satu agen hayati yang berasosiasi dengan akar dari tumbuhan hidup terutama untuk transfer hara (Brundrett, 2004).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 469,
"width": 456,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat simbiosis antara FMA dengan tanaman jati. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan adanya infeksi pada akar bibit klon jati yang diinokulasi dengan Glomus etunicatum , Glomus agregatum , Acaulospora tuberculata, Mycofer dan dapat juga meningkatkan serapan unsur hara N sebesar 35,2%, K sebesar 60% dan Ca sebesar 38,6% dibandingkan dengan kontrol (Suraya, 2002).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 538,
"width": 457,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Selain alternatif fungi mikoriza arbuskula juga pemberian bahan organik yang dapat menyediakan berbagai unsur hara makro maupun mikro dalam menunjang dan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman melalui pengaruhnya terhadap sifat-sifat fisik dan kimia tanah (Cavender, 2002), yaitu meningkatkan porositas tanah, meningkatkan kemampuan mengikat air, meningkatkan kapasitas tukar kation, menstabilkan struktur tanah seperti mengurangi pemadatan tanah, meningkatkan infiltrasi, meningkatkan pH pada tanah masam dan menurunkan logam-logam berat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 656,
"width": 161,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "II. Metodologi Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 687,
"width": 147,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.1. Tempat, alat dan bahan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 707,
"width": 457,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Green House Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Darussalam Ambon. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu : bibit jati Ambon umur 6 bulan (untuk bahan stek pucuk), inokulum FMA Glomus mosae , media untuk stek dan bibit stek pucuk (pasir dan tanah), polybag .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 52,
"width": 229,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Agrohut, Volume 1(1), 2010. Halaman 16-24",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 553,
"top": 799,
"width": 17,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "18",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 457,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Alat yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah: gunting stek, hand sprayer, ember, timbangan analitik, petridisk, kamera digital, mistar dan alat tulis menulis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 128,
"width": 117,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.3. Metode Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 147,
"width": 459,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "FMA yang digunakan adalah jenis Glomus mosae hasil kultur murni yang diperoleh dari Laboratorium Pusat Antar Universitas Bogor. Inokulum yang digunakan untuk aplikasi dalam bentuk propagul yaitu campuran spora, hifa dan zoelit yang terkolonisasi. Bahan organik yang digunakan adalah kotoran sapi yang diperoleh dari lingkungan kampus Unidar Ambon. Bahan organik yang dikumpulkan adalah dalam bentuk kering dan dihaluskan sebelum pemberian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 230,
"width": 457,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pembuatan stek pucuk jati Ambon diperoleh dengan cara pemotongan pada bibit atau semai jati. Panjang bahan stek adalah sekitar 2-3 cm. Setiap stek mempunyai dua ruas dan pemotongan stek dilakukan pada ruas yang kedua secara miring sekitar 45 0 . Bahan stek yang telah dipotong langsung dimasukkan dalam ember berisi air. Di dalam air, daun-daun pada ruas kedua dihilangkan dan daun pada ruas pucuk dipotong sepertiganya untuk mengurangi transpirasi. Selanjutnya bahan stek ditanam pada media yang telah disiapkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 313,
"width": 457,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dalam penelitian ini diamati beberapa parameter sebagai berikut (a) Pertambahan tinggi (cm); (b) Pertambahan diameter (mm); (c) Biomas kering total; (d) Nisbah pucuk akar. Hasil pengamatan dianalisis secara statistik dengan menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA) yang disesuaikan dengan rancangan yang digunakan. Apabila perlakuan berpengaruh nyata maka akan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNJ) pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 408,
"width": 90,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.3. Analisis data",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 427,
"width": 457,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dalam faktorial yang terdiri dari dua faktor. Pemberian Inokulum FMA ( Glomus mosae ) terdiri dari G 0 (kontrol), G 1 (Inokulum FMA : 20 gr/tanaman) dan Pemberian bahan organik terdiri dari B 0 (kontrol), B 1 (Dosis 50 gr/tanaman, B 2 (Dosis BO 100 gr/tanaman).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 496,
"width": 457,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Percobaan ini diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga total satuan percobaan adalah 2 x 3 x 3 = 18 satuan percobaan. Dimana setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 3 tanaman sehingga total tanaman yang diamati adalah 43 tanaman. Sesuai dengan rancangan percobaan yang digunakan, maka model matematikanya adalah sebagai berikut (Mattjik dan Sumertajaya, 2006).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 565,
"width": 171,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Y ijk = µ + α i + β j + λ k + (αβγ) ij + ε ijk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 593,
"width": 452,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dimana : Y ijk = Nilai pengamatan perlakuan inokulum FMA taraf ke-i, bahan organik taraf ke-j dan ulangan ke-k",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 634,
"width": 127,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "µ = Nilai rata-rata",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 645,
"width": 230,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": " i = Pengaruh inokulum FMA taraf ke-i",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 660,
"width": 452,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": " j = Pengaruh bahan organik taraf ke-j ( ) ij = Pengaruh interaksi perlakuan inokulum FMA taraf ke-i dan perlakuan bahan organik taraf ke-j",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 702,
"width": 452,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": " ijk = Pengaruh galat inokulum FMA taraf ke-i, perlakuan bahan organik taraf ke-j, ulangan ke-k",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 52,
"width": 229,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Agrohut, Volume 1(1), 2010. Halaman 16-24",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 553,
"top": 799,
"width": 17,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "19",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 85,
"width": 170,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "III. Hasil dan Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 110,
"width": 457,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil analisa keragaman (Tabel 1) terlihat bahwa pada semai jati Ambon dengan pemberian mikoriza dan bahan organik secara tunggal berpengaruh nyata sampai sangat nyata terhadap variabel yang diamati. Tabel tersebut juga menunjukkan interaksi antara mikoriza (G) dan bahan organik (B) hanya berpengaruh terhadap variabel tinggi tanaman umur pengamatan (6 dan 8 MST).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 193,
"width": 456,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 1. Hasil Analisa Pengaruh Perlakuan Mikoriza dan Bahan Organik Untuk Semua Variabel Yang diamati.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 235,
"width": 426,
"height": 95,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Variabel Pengamatan Perlakuan FMA (G) Bahan Organik (B) (G x B) Tinggi Tanaman (cm) 2 MST 4 MST 6 MST 8 MST",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 333,
"width": 114,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Diameter Batang (mm)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 278,
"width": 382,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2 MST 8 MST BKT (gr) NPA (gr) ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** * ** ** ** ** ** ** tn tn tn ** ** tn tn tn tn Keterangan : tn = tidak nyata, * = nyata, ** = sangat nyata",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 429,
"width": 306,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3.1. Pengaruh Inokulasi Mikoriza terhadap tinggi tanaman",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 448,
"width": 456,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil uji beda pada (Tabel 2) menunjukkan bahwa tinggi tanaman pada masing- masing umur pengamatan (2, 4, 6 dan 8 MST) dari perlakuan mikoriza (G 1 ) berbeda nyata dengan G 0 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 503,
"width": 456,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 2. Uji Beda Pengaruh Inokulasi Mikoriza Terhadap Variabel Tinggi Tanaman Semai Jati Ambon Umur 2, 4, 6, 8 MST.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 547,
"width": 404,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perlakuan Tinggi Tanaman (cm) 2 MST 4 MST 6 MST 8 MST G 0 G 1 3,17 b 4,18 a 6,43 b 8,24 a 8,68 b 12,36 a 12,37 b 15,46 a BNJ 0.05 0,34 0,29 0,80 1,16",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 637,
"width": 456,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keterangan : Angka-angka yang diikuti oleh huruf tidak sama pada kolom yang sama, berpengaruh nyata pada uji beda nyata jujur (BNJ) taraf kepercayaan 95%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 679,
"width": 456,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 1 menunjukkan rata-rata pertambahan tinggi semai jati Ambon pada masing masing umur pengamatan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 52,
"width": 229,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Agrohut, Volume 1(1), 2010. Halaman 16-24",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 553,
"top": 799,
"width": 17,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "20",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 259,
"width": 415,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 1. Rata-rata Pertambahan Tinggi Semai Jati Ambon pada perlakuan mikoriza",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 299,
"width": 312,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3.2. Pengaruh Inokulasi Mikoriza terhadap diameter batang",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 319,
"width": 456,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil uji beda pada (Tabel 3) menunjukkan bahwa diameter batang pada masing- masing umur pengamatan (2 dan 8 MST) dari perlakuan mikoriza (G 1 ) berbeda nyata dengan G 0 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 374,
"width": 457,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 3. Uji Beda Pengaruh Inokulasi Mikoriza Terhadap Variabel Diameter Batang Semai Jati Ambon Umur 2, 8 MST.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 418,
"width": 382,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perlakuan Diameter Batang (mm) 2 MST 8 MST G 0 G 1 0,14 b 0,15 a 0,29 b 0,39 a BNJ 0.05 0,01 0,04",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 495,
"width": 457,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keterangan : Angka-angka yang diikuti oleh huruf tidak sama pada kolom yang sama, berpengaruh nyata pada uji beda nyata jujur (BNJ) taraf kepercayaan 95%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 537,
"width": 457,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa inokulasi dengan inokulum FMA yang diberikan pada semai jati Ambon berpengaruh sangat baik terhadap tinggi dan diameter semai, karena inokulum FMA tersebut mengandung berbagai spora, juga adanya hifa, dan propagul lainnya sehingga dapat membantu tanaman dalam menyerap unsur hara dan air. Menurut Setiadi (2000) bahwa salah satu cara untuk membantu tanaman dalam meningkatkan kemampuan penyerapan unsur hara-unsur hara dari dalam media tempat tumbuh adalah dengan cara menginokulasi fungi pembentuk mikoriza pada akar tanaman. Hal ini juga didukung oleh pendapat Smith dan Read (1997) menyatakan bahwa fungi mikoriza mampu meningkatkan penyerapan hara utamanya P dan hara lainnya seperti Zn dan Cu bila dibandingkan tanaman yang tidak bermikoriza.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 687,
"width": 456,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3.3. Pengaruh Inokulasi Mikoriza terhadap berat kering tanaman dan nisbah pucuk akar",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 720,
"width": 457,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil uji beda pada (Tabel 4) menunjukkan bahwa berat kering tanaman dan nisbah pucuk akar pada umur pengamatan (8 MST) dari perlakuan mikoriza (G 1 ) berbeda nyata dengan G 0 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 96,
"width": 359,
"height": 151,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "0 5 10 15 20 2 MST 4 MST 6 MST 8 MST RATA -RATA PE RT AMBAHA N TI NGG I TANAMAN J ATI P AD A P ERL AKU AN MI KO RI ZA MINGGU PENGAMATAN KE- G0 G1",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 52,
"width": 229,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Agrohut, Volume 1(1), 2010. Halaman 16-24",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 553,
"top": 799,
"width": 17,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "21",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 102,
"width": 456,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 4. Uji Beda Pengaruh Inokulasi Mikoriza Terhadap Variabel Berat kering tanaman dan Nisbah Pucuk Akar Semai Jati Ambon.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 143,
"width": 380,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perlakuan BKT (gram) 8 MST NPA 8 MST",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 172,
"width": 381,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "G 0 G 1 2,33 b 3,38 a 0,80 b 1,34 a BNJ 0.05 0,18 0,13",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 218,
"width": 456,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keterangan : Angka-angka yang diikuti oleh huruf tidak sama pada kolom yang sama, berpengaruh nyata pada uji beda nyata jujur (BNJ) taraf kepercayaan 95%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 260,
"width": 459,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rata-rata pertambahan berat kering tanaman dan nisbah pucuk akar semai jati Ambon pada umur pengamatan dapat digambarkan dalam grafik sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 496,
"width": 456,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 2. Rata-rata Pertambahan Berat Kering Tanaman Semai Jati Ambon pada Perlakuan Mikoriza",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 538,
"width": 496,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berat kering tanaman (BKT) menunjukkan kemampuan tanaman untuk mengambil unsur hara dari media tanam untuk menunjang pertumbuhannya. Kecenderungan meningkatnya biomas kering total tanaman berkaitan dengan metabolisme tanaman atau karena adanya kondisi pertumbuhan tanaman yang lebih baik bagi berlangsungnya aktivitas metabolisme tanaman (Prawinata et al. 1995) dalam (Turjaman et al. 2003).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 620,
"width": 460,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Besarnya nilai NPA (nisbah pucuk akar) ditentukan oleh perkembangan pucuk dan akar tanaman, apabila akar tumbuh dengan baik maka semestinya pucuk juga tumbuh dengan baik. Nilai NPA yang baik berkisar antara 1-3 (Duryea & Brown 1984) dalam (Karepesina, 2007). Pada penelitian nilai NPA mendekati 2 (1,33), hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semai jati Ambon yang inokulasi dengan inokulum mikoriza ( glomus mosae ) mempunyai kemampuan akar menyerap air dan hara dari tanah untuk mengimbangi laju fotosintesis dan transpirasi pada pucuk. Tanaman dikatakan normal jika terdapat keseimbangan antara bagian atas berupa batang, cabang, daun dan bagian di dalam tanah yaitu akar, keseimbangan ini berarti bahwa ukuran (panjang/berat) di atas tanah harus sama dengan yang ada dibagian bawah tanah tetapi seimbang dalam proses fotosintesis (Kozlowski 1971) dalam (Sukendro, 2001).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 321,
"width": 321,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "0 1 2 3 4 BKT NPA RATA -TATA PE RT AMBAHA N BERAT KE RI NG TAN AMAN D AN NISBAH P UCU K AKAR PADA P ERL AKU AN MI KO RI ZA PARAMETER YANG DI AMATI G0 G1",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 52,
"width": 229,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Agrohut, Volume 1(1), 2010. Halaman 16-24",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 553,
"top": 799,
"width": 17,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "22",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 290,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3.3. Pengaruh bahan organik terhadap tinggi tanaman",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 108,
"width": 456,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil uji beda pada (Tabel 5) menunjukkan bahwa tinggi tanaman pada masing- masing umur pengamatan (2, 4, 6 dan 8 MST) dari perlakuan bahan organik (B 2 ) berbeda nyata dengan B 0 tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan B 1 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 163,
"width": 456,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 5. Uji Beda Pengaruh Bahan organik Terhadap Variabel Tinggi Tanaman Semai Jati Ambon Umur 2, 4, 6, 8 MST.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 207,
"width": 424,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perlakuan Tinggi Tanaman (cm) 2 MST 4 MST 6 MST 8 MST B 0 B 1 B 2 3,31 b 3,69 ab 4,02 a 6,78 c 7,47 a 7,87 a 9,38 b 11,00 a 11,17 a 12,11 b 14,29 a 15,34 a BNJ 0.05 0,52 0,44 1,20 1,74",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 288,
"width": 456,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keterangan : Angka-angka yang diikuti oleh huruf tidak sama pada kolom yang sama, berpengaruh nyata pada uji beda nyata jujur (BNJ) taraf kepercayaan 95%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 329,
"width": 457,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rata-rata pertambahan tinggi semai jati Ambon pada masing masing umur pengamatan disajikan dalam Gambar 3.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 508,
"width": 455,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 3. Rata-rata Pertambahan Tinggi Semai Jati Ambon pada Perlakuan Bahan Organik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 534,
"width": 431,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3.3. Pengaruh bahan organik terhadap diameter batang dan berat kering tanaman",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 554,
"width": 456,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil uji beda pada (Tabel 6) menunjukkan bahwa diameter batang pada masing- masing umur pengamatan (2 dan 8 MST) dari perlakuan bahan organik (B 2 ) berbeda nyata dengan B 0 tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan B 1 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 609,
"width": 456,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 6. Uji Beda Pengaruh Bahan Organik Terhadap Variabel Diameter Batang Semai Jati Ambon Umur 2, 8 MST dan Berat Kering Tanaman",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 654,
"width": 353,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perlakuan Diameter Batang (mm) BKT (gr) 2 MST 8 MST B 0",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 688,
"width": 348,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "B 1 B 2 0,13 b 0,15 ab 0,16 a 0,29 b 0,35 a 0,39 a 2,60 b 2,73 b 3,24 a BNJ 0.05 0,02 0,06 0,28",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 739,
"width": 456,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keterangan : Angka-angka yang diikuti oleh huruf tidak sama pada kolom yang sama, berpengaruh nyata pada uji beda nyata jujur (BNJ) taraf kepercayaan 95%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 381,
"width": 363,
"height": 119,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "0 5 10 15 20 2 MST 4 MST 6 MST 8 MST RATA -RATA PE RT AMBAHA N TI NGG I S EMAI J ATI P AD A P EMBER IAN BAHAN O RG ANIK UMUR PENGAMATAN KE- B0 B1 B2",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 52,
"width": 229,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Agrohut, Volume 1(1), 2010. Halaman 16-24",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 553,
"top": 799,
"width": 17,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "23",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 102,
"width": 457,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa perlakuan bahan organik 100 gram/tanaman (B 2 ) dapat memperbaiki sifat fisik, kimia dan biologi tanah, juga dapat memperbaiki status unsur hara tanah karena bahan organik mengandung sejumlah unsur hara terutama nitrogen yang dapat dimanfaatkan tanaman, sehingga dapat memacu pertumbuhan semai jati Ambon. Nitrogen yang diberikan dalam jumlah yang cukup dapat merangsang pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman dan diameter batang semai jati Ambon, karena nitrogen berperan dalam hal pembentukan zat hijau daun (klorofil) yang berguna dalam proses fotosintesis, dan pembentukan protein, lemak dan berbagai persenyawaan lainnya (Lingga dan Marsono, 2007).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 226,
"width": 457,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dalam peningkatan berat kering tanaman pada semai jati Ambon dengan dosis 100 gram/tanaman (B 2 ) mampu menciptakan kondisi tanah dan unsur hara yang cukup bagi perkembangan tanaman, sehingga mampu mensuplai kebutuhan tanaman dalam hal ini bertambahnya berat kering tanaman. Unsur hara pada bahan organik dapat dis erap oleh tanaman dengan baik, adanya unsur hara tersebut dapat meningkatkan laju fotosintesis dan membentuk karbohidrat yang banyak. Setyamidjaja (1986), menyatakan bahwa tanaman yang kekurangan unsur hara akan mengahambat terbentuknya sistem perakaran, daun, cabang dan batang, sehingga berat kering tanaman juga akan menurun.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 336,
"width": 456,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rata-rata pertambahan diameter batang dan berat kering tanaman semai jati Ambon pada umur pengamatan dapat digambarkan dalam grafik sebagai berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 522,
"width": 457,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Gambar 4. Rata-rata Pertambahan Diamater Batang dan Berat Kering Tanaman Semai Jati Ambon pada Perlakuan Bahan Organik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 571,
"width": 100,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "IV. Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 596,
"width": 457,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan di atas maka disimpulkan bahwa: Inokulasi Mikoriza dengan dosis 20 gram/tanaman (G 1 ) dapat memberikan pertumbuhan semai jati Ambon yang baik, pemberian bahan organik dengan dosis 100 gram/tanaman (B 2 ) dapat memberikan pertumbuhan semai jati ambon yang lebih baik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 673,
"width": 99,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Daftar Pustaka",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 698,
"width": 456,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Brundrett M. 2004. Diversity And Classification Of Mycorrhizal Associations.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 712,
"width": 292,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Biol.Rev.79.Pp.473-495. Cambridge Philosophical Society.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 725,
"width": 456,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Cavender Nd, Atiyeh Rm, Knee M. 2003. Vermicompost Stimulates Mycorrhizal Colonization Of Roots Of Sorghum At The Expenses Of Plant Growth. Pedobiologia 47, 85-89.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 387,
"width": 290,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "0 1 2 3 4 DB 2 MST DB 4 MST BKT RATA -RATA PE RT AMBAHA N D IAMETE R BA TANG S EMAI",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 404,
"width": 266,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JATI P AD A P EMBER IAN BAHAN O RG ANIK PARAMETER YANG DIAMATI B0 B1 B2",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 52,
"width": 229,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Agrohut, Volume 1(1), 2010. Halaman 16-24",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 553,
"top": 799,
"width": 17,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "24",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 457,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Karepesina, S., 2007. Keanekaragaman Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula Dari Bawah Tegakan Jati Ambon dan Potensi Pemanfaatannya. [Tesis]. Bogor: Sekolah Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 129,
"width": 457,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lingga, P., Marsono, 2001. Petunjuk Penggunaan Pupuk. Penebar Swadaya, Anggota Ikapi. Mattjik Aa, Sumertajaya Im. 2006. Perancangan Percobaan Dengan Aplikasi Sas dan Minitab Jilid II. Ipb Press. Bogor.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 171,
"width": 456,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Muin, A., 2003. Pertumbuhan Anakan Ramin ( Gonystylus bancanus (Miq.) Kurz) dengan Inokulasi Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskula (CMA) Pada Berbagai Intensitas Cahaya dan Dosis Fosfat Alam [Disertasi]. Bogor: Sekolah Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 212,
"width": 457,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Setiadi Y. 1989. Pemanfaatan Mikroorganisme Dalam Kehutanan. Bogor : Pusat Antar Universitas Bioteknologi Institut Pertanian Bogor.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 240,
"width": 457,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Setiadi Y., 2000. Mengenal Mikoriza dan Prospek Pengembangannya Sebagai Pupuk Biologis Dalam Bidang Kehutanan. Kendari. Makalah Disampaikan Dalam Seminar Sehari Penelitian Program Pascasarjana Fakultas Pertanian Unhalu. 22-23 September 2000.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 281,
"width": 456,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Setyamidjaja, D.M.Ed, 1986. Pupuk dan Pemupukan. Siplex, Jakarta. Harley, J.L. and Smith, S.E., 1983. Mycorrhizal symbiosis . Academic Press Inc.. Sukendro A. 2001. Deskripsi Pertumbuhan Tanaman Gmelina arborea Roxb Karena Pengaruh Media Tumbuh dan Dekomposer [Tesis]. Bogor: Sekolah Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 350,
"width": 339,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sumarna Y. 2001. Budidaya Jati. Penerbit Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 364,
"width": 456,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Suraya 2002. Kajian kompatibilitas isolat cendawan mikoriza arbuskula (CMA) terhadap pertumbuhan dua klon jati ( Tectona grandis Linn. f.) hasil perbanyakan kultur jaringan [Tesis]. Bogor: Sekolah Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 403,
"width": 457,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Turjaman M, Irianto RSB, Sitepu IR, Widyati E, Santoso E, Dan Mas’ud AF. 2003. Aplikasi Bioteknologi Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskula Glomus manihotis dan Glomus aggregatum Sebagi Pemacu Pertumbuhan Semai Jati ( Tectona grandis Linn. F.) Asal Jatirogo di Persemaian. Pusat Penelitian & Pengembangan Hutan dan Konservasi Alam. Bogor.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
26fde6a9-e81f-8592-e36f-bd2b2027249b | https://ejurnal.undana.ac.id/index.php/JEM/article/download/1225/973 | [
{
"left": 201,
"top": 38,
"width": 328,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "De Ornay, De Rozari and Jati / JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT (SME’s) Vol. 6, No.1, 2018, p113-127",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 472,
"top": 783,
"width": 55,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "113 | P a g e",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 70,
"width": 342,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "KINERJA KEUANGAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN PEARLS PADA KOPERASI CITRA AKADEMIKA DI KUPANG",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 227,
"top": 127,
"width": 139,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sesilia Roswita De Ornay [email protected] dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 244,
"top": 169,
"width": 105,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Petrus E De Rozari",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 182,
"width": 261,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dosen Jurusan Manajemen Universitas Nusa Cendana Kupang, INDONESIA [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 285,
"top": 223,
"width": 22,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 251,
"top": 237,
"width": 91,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hironnymus Jati",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 251,
"width": 261,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dosen Jurusan Manajemen Universitas Nusa Cendana Kupang, INDONESIA [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 264,
"top": 332,
"width": 66,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 360,
"width": 471,
"height": 260,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This research is aim to know the financial performance with PEARLS approach on Citra Akademika Cooperation in Kupang in 2013 to 2017 in terms of aspects of Proctetion, Effective Financial Structure, Asset Quality, Rate of Return and Cost, and Sign of Growth. The research was done from May to June 2018. The data that used are financial statements of cooperation by calculating 35 ratio of PEARLS. The data collected through interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique performed to answer this analysis by using PEARLS.The result of this research shows that financial performance at Citra Akademika Cooperation is viewed from aspect (1) Proctetion as a whole shows ideal result with adequate risk reserve factor (2) Effective financial structure as a whole shows ideal result because it can increase growth potential and earning capacity based on investment (3) The overall asset quality shows the ideal result because it is able to suppress the ratio of problems that occur in the given loan (4) Rate of return and cost (rate of income and expense) overall shows the ideal result because it is able to provide income and expenses also measure the average earning income productively. (5) Liquidity indicates the result is not ideal because it is unable to provide liquid cash reserves to meet the demand for loans granted from non-stock deposits (6) Sign of growth (signs of growth) as a whole shows the ideal result with adequate asset growth. Citra Akademika Cooperation needs to consider the analyzing of financial structure so that in the coming year the financial performance of Citra Akademika Cooperation can be categorized as a healthy cooperation, in order to increase the asset quality of the cooperation and conduct supervision to the costs to be incurred by each part of the cooperation in order to increase the growth of cooperation to be healthy.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 636,
"width": 209,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords: PEARLS, Financial performance",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 693,
"width": 103,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 714,
"width": 471,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penilaian kinerja keuangan merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan oleh pihak manajemen agar dapat memenuhi kewajibannya terhadap para penyandang dana dan juga untuk mencapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan oleh perusahaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 201,
"top": 38,
"width": 328,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "De Ornay, De Rozari and Jati / JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT (SME’s) Vol. 6, No.1, 2018, p113-127",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 472,
"top": 783,
"width": 55,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "114 | P a g e",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 70,
"width": 471,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kinerja dapat digambarkan sebagai suatu kegiatan atau program dalam mewujudkan sarana dan tujuan, misi dan visi organisasi yang tertuang dalam perumusan skema strategi suatu organisasi (Bastian 2001). Kinerja perusahaan yang baik adalah perusahaan yang mampu menghasilkan laba optimal dengan kecenderungan meningkat, atau dengan kata lain adalah kemampuan perusahaan beroperasi pada kondisi yang paling ekonomis sehingga dapat menghasilkan laba secara optimal dan terus menerus. Cara untuk mengetahui baik buruknya kinerja keuangan dalam suatu perusahaan dapat diketahui dengan cara menganilisis hubungan dari berbagai pos dalam suatu laporan keuangan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 236,
"width": 471,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kinerja keuangan berarti suatu yang dicapai, prestasi yang diperhatikan dalam kinerja keuangan (Sukardi 2005). Menurut Weston dan Copeland (1986) menerangkan bahwa kinerja keuangan adalah alat ukur untuk mengukur prestasi kinerja keuangan suatu perusahaan melalui struktur permodalannya. Salah satu kinerja yang perlu diperhatikan saat ini yaitu kinerja koperasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 340,
"width": 474,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Salah satu jenis koperasi yang ada yaitu koperasi simpan pinjam. Menurut Peraturan Mentri Negara Koperasi dan UKM RI Nomor 14/Per/M.KUKM/XII/2009 mengemukakan bahwa koperasi simpan pinjam merupakan lembaga koperasi yang melakukan kegiatan usaha menghimpun dan menyalurkan dana dari dan untuk anggota, calon anggota, koperasi lain dan anggotanya yang perlu dikelola secara profesional sesuai dengan prinsip kehati-hatian dan kesehatan koperasi simpan pinjam, sehingga dapat meningkatakan kepercayaan dan manfaat yang sebesarnya kepada anggota dan masyarakat disekitarnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 506,
"width": 471,
"height": 220,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Koperasi “CITRA AKADEMIKA” adalah koperasi simpan pinjam dengan badan hukum 07/BH/DK.UKM/24.13/X/2001. Koperasi serba usaha ‘Citra Akademika’, atau biasa disingkat dengan KSU Citra Akademika adalah koperasi didirikan pada tanggal 20 Oktober 1999 yang kemudian diubah menjadi Koperasi Sivitas Akademika (Kosika) “Citra Akademika” dengan akta notaris. Jumlah anggota koperasi yang masuk pada tahun 2017 ada 44 orang dan jumlah anggota koperasi secara keseluruhan adalah 441 orang. Kinerja koperasi dapat dinilai dari beberapa indikator yaitu Proctection (Perlindungan), Effective Financial Structure (struktur keuangan yang efektif), Asset Quality (kualitas aset), Rate Of Return andCosts (tingkat perolehan pendapatan dan biaya), Liquidity (Likuiditas), dan Sign of Growth (tanda-tanda pertumbuhan). Salah satu metode yang digunakan dalam analisis perbandingan kinerja keuangan koperasi yaitu metode PEARLS.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 201,
"top": 38,
"width": 328,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "De Ornay, De Rozari and Jati / JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT (SME’s) Vol. 6, No.1, 2018, p113-127",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 472,
"top": 783,
"width": 55,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "115 | P a g e",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 70,
"width": 132,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "TINJAUAN PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 91,
"width": 50,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Koperasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 112,
"width": 471,
"height": 157,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Koperasi berasal dari bahasa latin yaitu coorporate, dalam bahasa inggris disebut coorperation. Co yang artinya bersama dan operation berarti usaha, sehingga co-operation berarti usaha bersama-sama (Saraswati dkk). Koperasi adalah badan usaha yang bersangkutan orang-seorangan atau badan hukum koperasi dengan melandaskan kegiatannya berdasarkan prinsip koperasi sekaligus gerakan ekonomi rakyat yang berdasar atas asas kekeluargaan. Menurut (Revisond Baswir,2000) defenisi lain tentang koperasi adalah suatu bentuk perusahaan yang didirikan oleh orang-orang tertentu, untuk melaksanakan kegiatan-kegiatan tertentu berdasarkan ketentuan dan tujuan tertentu pula.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 300,
"width": 194,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fungsi, Peran, dan Tujuan Koperasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 321,
"width": 471,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut UU No. 25 Tahun 1992 pasal 3 tentang perkoperasian, tentang tujuan koperasi Indonesia seperti berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 363,
"width": 471,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "“Memajukan kesejateraan anggota pada khususnya dan masyarakat pada umumnya serta ikut membangun tatanan perekonomian nasioanal dalam rangka mewujudkan masyarakat yang maju adil, dan makmur berlandaskan Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 425,
"width": 471,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sedangkan di dalam pasal 4 UU No. 25 Tahun 1992, diuraikan fungsi dan peran koperasi Indonesia seperti berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 467,
"width": 471,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Membangun dan mengembangkan potensi dan kemampuan ekonomi anggota pada khususnya dan masyarakat pada umumnya untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan ekonomi dan sosial.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 529,
"width": 471,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Berperan serta secara aktif dalam upaya mempertinggi kualitas kehidupan manusia dan masyarakat.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 571,
"width": 471,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Memperkokoh perekonomian rakyat sebagai dasar kekuatan dan ketahanan perekonomian nasioanal dengan koperasi sebagai sokogurunya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 612,
"width": 471,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Berusaha untuk mewujudkan dan mengembangkan perekonomian nasional yang merupakan usaha bersama berdasarkan atas asas kekeluaragaan dan demokrasi ekonomi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 696,
"width": 91,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Prinsip Koperasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 717,
"width": 471,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Karakteristik koperasi berbeda dengan badan usaha lain. Perbedaan antara koperasi dengan bentuk perusahaan lainnya tidak hanya terletak pada landasan dan asasnya, tapi juga pada prinsip-prinsip pengelolaan organisasi dan usaha yang dianut. Prinsip-prinsip",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 201,
"top": 38,
"width": 328,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "De Ornay, De Rozari and Jati / JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT (SME’s) Vol. 6, No.1, 2018, p113-127",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 472,
"top": 783,
"width": 55,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "116 | P a g e",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 70,
"width": 471,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "pengelolaan koperasi merupakan penjabaran lebih lanjut dari asas kekeluargaan yang dianutnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 111,
"width": 389,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2012 pasal 6 diuraikan bahwa :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 132,
"width": 237,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Keanggotaan bersifat sukarela dan terbuka",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 153,
"width": 317,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Pengawas oleh anggota disenggarahkan secara demokratis",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 173,
"width": 385,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Anggota berpartisipasi aktif dalam kegiatan-kegiatan ekonomi koperasi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 194,
"width": 393,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Koperasi merupakan badan usaha swdaya yang otonom dan independen.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 215,
"width": 471,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. Koperasi menyelanggarakan pendidikan dan pelatihan bagi anggota, pengawas, pengurus dan karyawannya serta memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat tentang jati diri, kegiatan, kemanfaatan koperasi",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 277,
"width": 471,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6. Koperasi melayani anggota secara prima dan memperkuat gerakan koperasi, dengan bekerja sama melalui jaringan kegiatan pada tingkat lokal, nasional, regional dan internasional",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 340,
"width": 471,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "7. Koperasi bekerja untuk pembangunan bekerlanjutan bagi lingkungan dan masyarakatnya melalui kebijakan-kebijakan yang disepakati oleh anggotanya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 403,
"width": 134,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Koperasi Simpan Pinjam",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 424,
"width": 471,
"height": 198,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut Menteri Koperasi dan UKM (2008) mengemukan bahwa koperasi simpan pinjam adalah koperasi yang melaksanakan kegiatan usahanya hanya menghimpun dana dan menyalurkannya melalui kegiatan usaha simpan pinjam. Rudianto (2010) menjelaskan bahwa koperasi simpan pinjam adalah koperasi yang bergerak dalam bidang pemukukan simpanan dana dari anggotanya, untuk kemudian dana yang dikumpulkan kembali pada anggotanya. Koperasi simpan pinjam adalah koperasi yang modalnya diperoleh dari simpanan pokok dan simpanan wajib para anggota koperasi. Kemudian modal yang telah terkumpul tersebut dipinjamkan kepada para anggota koperasi dan juga dipinjamkan kepada orang lain bukan anggota koperasi yang memerlukan pinjaman uang dan keperluan konsumtif maupun untuk modal kerja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 653,
"width": 104,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Laporan Keuangan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 674,
"width": 471,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Laporan keuangan (financial statement) merupakan iktisar mengenai keadaan keuangan suatu perusahaan pada saat tertentu. Laporan keuangan secara garis besar dibedakan menjadi 4 macam, yaitu laporan neraca, laporan laba-rugi, laporan perubahan modal dan laporan arus kas (Martono dan Harjito, 2003;51). Laporan keuangan adalah dua faktor yang disusun akuntan pada akhir periode untuk suatu perusahaan. Kedua daftar ini adalah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 201,
"top": 38,
"width": 328,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "De Ornay, De Rozari and Jati / JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT (SME’s) Vol. 6, No.1, 2018, p113-127",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 472,
"top": 783,
"width": 55,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "117 | P a g e",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 70,
"width": 471,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "daftar neraca atau daftar posisi keuangan dan daftar pendapatan atau daftar laba rugi. Pada waktu akhir-akhir sudah menjadi kebiasaan bagi perseroan-perseroan untuk menambahkan daftar ketiga yaitu daftar surplus atau daftar laba yang tak dibagikan (Munawir 2002:5).Susilo (2009:10) menyatakan bahwa laporan keuangan adalah hasil akhir dari proses akuntasi yang memuat informasi dan memberi keterangan-keterangan mengenai data ekonomi perusahaan yang terdiri dari daftar-daftar yang menunjukan posisi keuangan dan hasil kegiatan perusahaan untuk satu periode yang meliputi neraca, laporan laba rugi dan laporan perubahan keuangan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 257,
"width": 93,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kinerja Koperasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 278,
"width": 474,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kinerja diartikan sebagai hasil dari usaha seseorang yang dicapai dengan adanya kemampuan dan perbuatan dalam situasi tertentu. Berdasarkan S.K Menteri Keuangan RI No. 740/KMK.00/1989, kinerja adalah prestasi yang dicapai dalam suatu periode tertentu yang mencerminkan tingkat kesehatan. Pengukuran kinerja adalah penentuan secara periodik efektifitas operasional suatu organisasi, bagian organisasi dan karyawannya berdasarkan sasaran, standar, dan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya (Mulyadi, 2001:416). Dari pengertian diatas maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa kinerja sangat penting dalam mengukur sebuah koperasi untuk mencapai hasil yang baik atau digunakan untuk mengukur suatu perusahaan atau koperasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 486,
"width": 143,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Aspek – aspek yang dinilai",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 507,
"width": 471,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Proctetion/perlindungan adalah indikator yang mengukur kecukupan penyisihan untuk menutupi pinjaman macet.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 549,
"width": 471,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Effective Financial Structrure/struktur keuangan yang efektif adalah indikator yang efektif mengukur komposisi nomor – nomor perkiraan yang paling penting di dalam laporan keuangan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 611,
"width": 471,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Asset Quality/kualitas aset adalah indikator yang mengukur persentase aset-aset yang tidak menghasilkan yang secara negatif berpengaruh kepada perolehan pendapatan dan solvency, terutama pinjaman lalai, aset-aset yang tidak menghasilkan, dan pendanaan aset- aset yang tidak menghasilkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 695,
"width": 471,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Rates of return and cost/tingkat pendapatan dan biaya adalah indikator yang mengukur perolehan pendapatan rata-rata untuk setiap aset yang sangat produktif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 737,
"width": 471,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e. Liquidity/likuiditas adalah indikator yang menunjukan apakah pengelolaan kas credit union efektif menangani uang tunainya sehingga mampu memenuhi penarikan simpanan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 201,
"top": 38,
"width": 328,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "De Ornay, De Rozari and Jati / JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT (SME’s) Vol. 6, No.1, 2018, p113-127",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 472,
"top": 783,
"width": 55,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "118 | P a g e",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 70,
"width": 471,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kapan saja seorang anggota memerlukan dan mampu memenuhi kebutuhan cadangan likuiditasnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 111,
"width": 471,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "f. Sign of growth/tanda-tanda pertumbuhan adalah indikator yang mengukur persentase pertumbuhan disetiap nomor perkiraan utama pada laporan keuangan, juga pertumbuhan keanggotaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 195,
"width": 89,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sistem PEARLS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 216,
"width": 471,
"height": 220,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PEARLS merupakan alat monotoring yang dinamis yang secara terus menerus akan disesuaikan oleh World Council of Credit Unions (WOCCU) untuk memenuhi kebutuhan credit union saat ini dan dimasa yang akan datang. PEARLS adalah sistem pemantuan kinerja keuangan yang dirancang sebagai panduan pengelolaan credit union. PEARLS juga sebagai alat pengawasan. Selain itu, PEARLS juga dapat diguanakan untuk membuat perbandingan kinerja atau pe-rangkin-an atau satu credit union dengan credit union yang lainnya. Munaldus (2006) menjelaskan bahwa penilain tingkat kesehatan kopdit dengan sistem PEARLS dapat dilakukan dengan 6 komponen, yakni komponen Proctetion (perlindungan), Effetive Finansial Structure ( struktur keuangan yang efektif), Asset Quality (kualitas aset), Rates of Return And Cost (tingkat pendapatan dan biaya) liquidity (likuiditas), Signs of Growth (tanda- tanda pertumbuhan).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 467,
"width": 149,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Komponen sistem PEARLS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 488,
"width": 149,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a) Protection (Perlindungan)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 509,
"width": 448,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perlindungan aset yang mantap adalah mutlak bagi credit union. Perlindungan diukur dari:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 551,
"width": 429,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1) membandingkan kecukupan dana cadangan resiko terhadap jumlah pinjaman yang lalai,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 102,
"top": 592,
"width": 430,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2) membandingkan pengalokasian kerugian investasi dengan total jumlah investasi. Perlindungan terhadap lalai dikatakan kuat apabila credit union memiliki cadangan resiko yang cukup untuk menutupi 100% dari total pinjaman lalai di atas 12 bulan, dan 35% dari total pinjaman lalai dari 1-12 bulan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 675,
"width": 318,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b) Effetive Finansial Structure ( Struktur Keuangan Yang Efektif)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 696,
"width": 450,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Struktur keuangan credit union merupakan faktor yang amat penting bagi credit union dalam menentukan potensi pertumbuhan, kemampuan memperoleh pendapatan dan kekuatan keuangan secara keseluruhan. Sistem PEARLS mengukur aset, hutang, dan modal dan merekomendasikan suatu struktur yang ideal credit union. Sasaran ideal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 201,
"top": 38,
"width": 328,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "De Ornay, De Rozari and Jati / JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT (SME’s) Vol. 6, No.1, 2018, p113-127",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 472,
"top": 783,
"width": 55,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "119 | P a g e",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 70,
"width": 45,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "berikut :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 90,
"width": 41,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1) Aset",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 111,
"width": 417,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2) 95% aset-aset produktif terdiri atas piutang/pinjaman beredar (70-80%), dan investasi likuit (10-20%). 5% aset-aset yang tidak produktif terdiri dari aset-aset tetap",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 173,
"width": 56,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3) Hutang",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 194,
"width": 276,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4) Total simpanan non saham : 70-80% dari total aset",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 215,
"width": 52,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5) Modal",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 236,
"width": 424,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6) Simpanan saham : 10-20% dari total aset Modal lembaga (dana cadangan, SHU yang tidak dibandingkan, donasi) 10%",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 277,
"width": 163,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c) Aset Quality (Kualitas Aset)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 298,
"width": 450,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rasio kelalaian pinjaman, kurang dari 5%. Rasio kelalaian pinjaman menjadi ukuran terpenting dari kelemahan usaha simpan pinjam. Ketentuan-ketentuan yang digunakan untuk mengetahui dampak dari aset-aset yang tidak mengasilkan :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 361,
"width": 123,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1) Rasio pinjaman lalai",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 382,
"width": 247,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2) Persentase aset-aset yang tidak menghasilkan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 402,
"width": 246,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3) Mendanai aset-aset yang tidak menghasilkan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 423,
"width": 323,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d) Rates Of Retun And Cost ( Tingakat Pengembalian dan Biaya )",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 444,
"width": 412,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sistem PEARLS memisakan semua komponen penting pendapatan bersih untuk membantu menejemen menghitung hasil presentasi dan menilai penngeluaran oprasional.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 506,
"width": 136,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e) Liquidity ( Likuiditas )",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 527,
"width": 453,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Likuditas yang efektif menjadi keterlampilan yang amat penting ketika credit union mengubah struktur keuangannya dari berbasiskan simpanan saham menjadi berbasiskan simpanan non saham yang dapat ditarik sewaktu waktu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 589,
"width": 245,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "f) Sign Of Growth (Tanda-Tanda Pertumbuhan)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 611,
"width": 456,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Cara terbaik satu-satunya dalam memelihara nilai aset adalah memalui pertumbuhan aset dengan cepat dan tinggi beserta perolehan keuntungan yang berkesinambun gan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 694,
"width": 165,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 716,
"width": 471,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Jenis penelitian yang di gunakan adalah studi kasus, jenis dan sumber data yang digunakan adalah data kuantitatif dan kualitatif, sumber data yang digunakan adalah primer dan sekunder. Penelitian ini",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 201,
"top": 38,
"width": 328,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "De Ornay, De Rozari and Jati / JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT (SME’s) Vol. 6, No.1, 2018, p113-127",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 472,
"top": 783,
"width": 55,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "120 | P a g e",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 70,
"width": 471,
"height": 157,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dilakukan pada Koperasi Citra Akademika Kupang. Analisis rasio keuangan tersebut dilakukan atas laporan keuangan berupa neraca dan laporan SHU. Variabel dan defenisi operasional adalah Protection (Perlindungan), Effetive Finansial Structure ( Struktur Keuangan Yang Efektif), Aset Quality (Kualitas Aset), Rates Of Retun And Cost ( Tingkat Pengembalian dan Biaya), Liquidity (Likuiditas), dan Sign Of Growth (Tanda Tanda Pertumbuhan). Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis rasio keuangan dengan pendekatan PEARLS.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 257,
"width": 72,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Analisis data",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 279,
"width": 335,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel Penilian Kinerja Keuangan Berdasarkan Sistem PEARLS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 301,
"width": 436,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nomor PEARLS Sasaran 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Kategori 1 Rasio total pinjaman macet (P1) 100% √ √ √ √ √ Ideal 2 Rasio pinjaman lalai (P2) 35% √ √ √ √ √ Ideal 3 Rasio piutang beredar (E1) 70-80% √ √ × √ √ Ideal 4 Rasio investasi likuid (E2) Mak. 20%",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 469,
"width": 432,
"height": 285,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "√ √ √ √ √ Ideal 5 Rasio investasi keuangan (E3) Mak. 10% √ √ √ √ √ Ideal 6 Rasio investasi non-keuangan (E4) 0% √ √ √ √ √ Ideal 7 Rasio simpanan non-saham (E5) 70-80% × × × × × Tidak ideal 8 Rasio pinjaman dari luar (E6) 5% √ × × × × Tidak ideal 9 Rasio modal saham (E7) Mak. 20% √ √ √ √ √ Ideal 10 Rasio modal kelembagaan (E8) Min. 10% √ √ √ √ √ Ideal",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 201,
"top": 38,
"width": 328,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "De Ornay, De Rozari and Jati / JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT (SME’s) Vol. 6, No.1, 2018, p113-127",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 472,
"top": 783,
"width": 55,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "121 | P a g e",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 70,
"width": 433,
"height": 667,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "11 Rasio kelalaian pinjaman (A1) <5% √ √ √ √ √ Ideal 12 Rasio aset yg tdk menghasilkan (A2) <5% √ √ √ √ √ Ideal 13 Rasio modal aset lembaga,modal transit dan hutang tak berbunga (A3) >200% √ √ √ √ √ Ideal 14 Rasio piutang pendapatan (R1) 10% √ √ √ √ √ Ideal 15 Rasio pendapatan investasi likuid (R2) 100% × × × × × Tidak ideal 16 Rasio pendapatan inve. Non-keuangan (R4) >R1 × × × × × Tidak ideal 17 Rasio biaya bunga simp. Non-saham (R5) >inflasi √ √ √ √ √ Ideal 18 Rasio biaya dana atas hutang pihank bank (R6) <R5 × × √ √ √ Ideal 19 Rasio simpanan saham anggota (R7) >R5 × × × × × Tidak ideal 20 Rasio margin pendapatan kotor (R8) 100% × × × × × Tidak ideal 21 Rasio biaya operasional (R9) 5% √ √ √ √ √ Ideal 22 Rasio biaya provisi pinjaman lalai (R10) 100% × × × × × Tidak ideal 23 Rasio SHU (R12) 3-5% √ √ √ √ √ Ideal",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 201,
"top": 38,
"width": 328,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "De Ornay, De Rozari and Jati / JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT (SME’s) Vol. 6, No.1, 2018, p113-127",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 472,
"top": 783,
"width": 55,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "122 | P a g e",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 70,
"width": 289,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "24 Rasio likuid terhadap simpanan (L1) Min. 15% × × ×",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 407,
"top": 70,
"width": 120,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "× × Tidak ideal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 133,
"width": 434,
"height": 583,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "25 Rasio cadangan likuid (L2) 10% × × × × × Tidak ideal 26 Rasio aset likuid yg tdk menghasilkan (L3) <1% × × × × × Tidak ideal 27 Rasio pertumbuhan piutang beredar (S1) >10% × √ × × √ Tidak ideal 28 Rasio pertumbuhan investasi likuid (S2) >10% √ √ × √ √ Ideal 29 Rasio pertumbuhan investasi keuangan (S3) >10% √ √ √ × × Ideal 30 Rasio simpanan non-saham (S5) >10% √ √ × × √ Ideal 31 Rasio pertumbuhan pinjaman BK3D (S6) >10% × × √ × × Tidak ideal 32 Rasio pertumbuhan simpanan saham (S7) >10% × √ √ √ √ Ideal 33 Rasio pertumbuhan modal lembaga (S8) >10% √ √ √ √ √ Ideal 34 Rasio pertumbuhan anggota (S10) >12% × √ √ × × Tidak ideal 35 Rasio pertumbuhan total aset (S11) >inflasi √ √ √ √ √ Ideal 36 Kategori Ideal Ideal Ideal Ideal Ideal",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 726,
"width": 105,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sumber : data diolah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 201,
"top": 38,
"width": 328,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "De Ornay, De Rozari and Jati / JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT (SME’s) Vol. 6, No.1, 2018, p113-127",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 472,
"top": 783,
"width": 55,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "123 | P a g e",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 70,
"width": 69,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keterangan :",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 90,
"width": 82,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "√ = Target ideal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 111,
"width": 114,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "× = Target tidak ideal",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 153,
"width": 471,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dari tabel diatas dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa Koperasi Citra Akademika selama 5 tahun terakhir yaitu dari tahun 2013 sampai dengan tahun 2017 dikatakan ideal, karena hasil yang dicapai untuk semua komponen dilihat secara pertahun, maka hasil yang dicapai menunjukkan hasil yang ideal karena jumlah ideal untuk setiap tahun dari semua komponen lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan hasil tidak ideal untuk setiap tahun dari semua komponen seperti yang disyaratkan oleh sistem PEARLS.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 298,
"width": 149,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "SIMPULAN DAN SARAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 319,
"width": 471,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang telah diuraikan diatas maka dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 361,
"width": 157,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1) Proctetion /Perlindungan (P)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 382,
"width": 448,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Secara umum Koperasi Citra Akademika di Kupang mempunyai kinerja yang ideal pada aspek ini. Artinya koperasi Citra Akademika mampu menyediakan cadangan resiko sehingga dapat menutupi resiko tunggakan pinjaman > 12 bulan maupun tunggakan pinjaman 1-12 bulan. Ini berarti Koperasi Citra Akademika di Kupang mempunyai dana cadangan resiko sebagai sumber utama untuk perlindungan guna menutup kerugiaan akibat kredit macet.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 506,
"width": 337,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2) Effective Financial Structure /Struktur Keuangan yang Efektif (E)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 528,
"width": 448,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Secara umum dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa Koperasi Citra Akademika di Kupang mempunyai struktur keuangan yang mampu meningkatkan potensi pertumbuhan dan kemampuan memperoleh pendapatan yang berbasiskan investasi, dimana dengan cara ini membantu manajemen dalam menentukan investasi yang paling menguntungkan. Sedangkan, untuk kekuatan keuanga Koperasi Citra Akademika di Kupang belum mampu menggali modal dari simpanan saham serta non-saham dan belum mampu meningkatkan modal lembaga pada tingkat yang ideal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 673,
"width": 182,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3) Asset Quality / Kualitas Asset (A)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 694,
"width": 448,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Secara umum dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa Koperasi Citra di Kupang mempunyai kinerja yang ideal dalam menekan rasio atas masalah yang terjadi pada pinjaman yang diberikan. Sedangkan, untuk rasio aset yang tidak menghasilkan, pada tahun 2013 sampai 2017 nilainya masih mencapai <5% dan dikatakan ideal, sehingga dapat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 201,
"top": 38,
"width": 328,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "De Ornay, De Rozari and Jati / JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT (SME’s) Vol. 6, No.1, 2018, p113-127",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 472,
"top": 783,
"width": 55,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "124 | P a g e",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 70,
"width": 448,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "mempermudah Koperasi Citra Akademika di Kupang untuk meningkatkan kinerjanya dalam memperoleh pendapatan yang optimal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 111,
"width": 321,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4) Rates Of Return and Cots / Tingkat Pendapatan dan Biaya (R)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 132,
"width": 448,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Secara umum dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa Koperasi Citra Akademika di Kupang mempunyai kinerja yang ideal pada aspek ini. Artinya Koperasi Citra Akademika di Kupang mampu menyediakan pendapatan dan biaya juga mengukur perolehan pendapatan rata-rata secara produktif. Di samping itu, aspek ini juga mengukur biaya rata-rata untuk setiap hutang dan modal. Hasil yang ideal akan menunjukan pengembalian atas investasi nyata dan akan menunjukan apakah nilai pasar atas aset- aset, hutang dan modal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 277,
"width": 140,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5) Liquidity / Likuiditas (L)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 299,
"width": 448,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Secara umum, kesimpulan yang dapat ditarik dari aspek ini bahwa kinerja Koperasi Citra Akademika di Kupang tidak ideal atau tidak mampu menyediakan cadangan kas likuid untuk memenuhi permintaan pinjaman yang diberikan dari simpanan non- saham. Selain itu, Koperasi Citra Akademika di Kupang juga menunjukan kinerja yang ideal dalam menginvestasi total aset likuid yang tidak menghasilkan dengan jumlah sekecil mungkin.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 423,
"width": 258,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6) Signs Of Growth / Tanda-tanda Pertumbuhan (S)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 444,
"width": 448,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Secara umum, Koperasi Citra Akademika di Kupang mengalami pertumbuhan yang ideal dari tahun 2013 sampai tahun 2017, tujuan ideal dari semua Koperasi Citra Akademika di Kupang adalah untuk mencapai pertumbuhan positif nyata (misalnya pertumbuhan modal lembaga ) setiap tahunnya. Pertumbuhan anggota dari tahun 2013 sampai tahun 2017 menunjukan kinerja pengurus yang belum berhasil dalam prorgram pemasarannya untuk menarik anggota baru.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 590,
"width": 471,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dari simpulan diatas dapat disarankan Koperasi Citra Akademika perlu memperhatikan struktur keuangan koperasi dengan cara menganalisis struktur keuangan koperasi agar dengan mudah dikontrol oleh pihak manajemen koperasi sehingga pada tahun yang akan datang kinerja keuangan Koperasi Citra Akademika dapat dikategorikan sebagai koperasi yang sehat, agar dapat meningkat kualitas aset dari koperasi dan melakukan pengawasan terhadap biaya-biaya yang akan dikeluarkan oleh setiap bagian koperasi dengan tujuan agar dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan koperasi menjadi sehat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 201,
"top": 38,
"width": 328,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "De Ornay, De Rozari and Jati / JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT (SME’s) Vol. 6, No.1, 2018, p113-127",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 472,
"top": 783,
"width": 55,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "125 | P a g e",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 70,
"width": 121,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DAFTAR RUJUKAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 91,
"width": 471,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Arikonto, S. 2002. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Rineka Cipta. Jakarta. Arifin Sitio Dan Tamba Halomon. 2001. Koperasi Teori Dan Praktek. Erlangga. Jakarta. Athar, H. Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Pada Koperasi Simpan Pinjam (Ksp) Mulia Balung. Skripsi. Falkutas Ekonomi Manajamen Universitas Muhamadiya. Jember.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 147,
"width": 471,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Anwar, R. 2011. Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Pada PT Mega Indah Sari Makassar. Skripsi. Falkutas Ekonomi Jurusan Manajemen Universitas Hasanuddin. Makassar. Anonim. Pengertian Laporan Keuangan Menurut Defenisi Para Ahli. Www.Landasanteori.Com. (Diakses Pada Tanggal 02 Januari 2018). Andres Maith, Hendry. 2013. Analisis Laporan Keuangan Dalam Mengukur Kinerja Keuangan Pada PT. Hanjaya Mandala Sampoerna Tbk. Jurnal Falkutas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis. Vol 1 No. 3 September 2013. Manado.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 244,
"width": 471,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adhar, M. Hanif. 2013. Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Pada Koperasi Simpan Pinjam (KSP) Mulia Balung. Jurnal Falkutas Ekonomi-Manajemen, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember. Jember.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 286,
"width": 471,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abd, Rahman Razak. 2012. Ekonomi Koperasi Dan UKMI. Cet.1. Penerbit Universitas Negeri Malang. Malang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 313,
"width": 471,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bastian, Indra. 2001. Akuntansi Sektor Publik Di Indonesia. Edisi Pertama. BPFE. Yogyakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 341,
"width": 471,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Baswir, Revrisond. 2000. Koperasi Indonesia. Edisi Pertama. BPFE UGM. Yogyakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 369,
"width": 471,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Baridwan, 1999. Intermediate Accounting. Penerbit BPFR. Yogyakarta. Chanaiago, Arifinal. 1984. Perkoperasian Indonesia. Angkasa. Bandung. Djojohadikusumo, R.M. Margono.2013. Sepuluh Tahun Koperasi (1930-1940).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 410,
"width": 138,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jakarta: FadliZon Library.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 424,
"width": 471,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dwi Deniyanto, Risci. 2014. Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Pada Koperasi Simpan Pinjam (KSP) Bina Usaha Utama Tahun 2012-2014. Jurnal Falkutas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis. Semarang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 466,
"width": 471,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fahmi, Irham. 2011. Analisis Kinerja Keuangan, Panduan Bagi Akademisi, Manajer, Dan Investor Untuk Menilai Dan Menganalisis Bisnis Dari Aspek Keuangan. Alfabeta, Bandung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 507,
"width": 471,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fahmi, Irham. 2011. Analisis Laporan Keuangan. Cetakan Pertama. Alfabeta, Bandung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 535,
"width": 471,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Harahap, Sofyan Syafri.2008. Analisis Kritis Atas Laporan Keuangan. Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 563,
"width": 471,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hartadi Kurniawan, Gede. 2013. Tindakan Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Yang Mengakibatkan Perbuatan Tindak Pidana. Jurnal Falkutas Hukum Esa Unggul. Vol 10 No 1 April 2013. Jakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 604,
"width": 471,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hendrika Sukma, F. 2014. Analisis Pearls Dalam Menilai Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi Kredit‘Cu Usaha Kita’. Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi. Pontianak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 632,
"width": 471,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hardiningsih, Lilik, Dkk. 2013. Analisis Laporan Keuangan Dalam Menilai Kinerja Keuangan Pada Primer Koperasi Angkatan Darat (Primkopad) Kartika Benteng Di Balikpapan. Jurnal Ekonomi. Universitas Mulawarman.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 674,
"width": 64,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Balikpapan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 688,
"width": 471,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Http://Koperasisimpan Pinjam Usaha.Blogspot.Com.Html/ (Diakses Pada Tanggal 15 November2017)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 715,
"width": 471,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ikatan Akuntansi Indonesia, 2009, Standar Akuntansi Keuangan, Penerbit Salemba Empat.Jakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 743,
"width": 471,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keputusan Menteri Koperasi Dan Usaha Kecil Dan Menengah Republik Indonesia NO.14/PER/M.KUKM/XII/2009 Tentang Pedoman Penilian Kesehatan Koperasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 201,
"top": 38,
"width": 328,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "De Ornay, De Rozari and Jati / JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT (SME’s) Vol. 6, No.1, 2018, p113-127",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 472,
"top": 783,
"width": 55,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "126 | P a g e",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 70,
"width": 218,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Simpan Pinjam Dan Unit Simpan Pinjam.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 83,
"width": 471,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kementrian Kukm Republik Indonesia Tahun 2012 Tentang Koperasi Kamar, Karmani. 2014. Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Dan Tingkat Kesehatan Koperasi SimpanPinjam (Studi Kasus Pada KSP Al-Ikhlas Di Kota Makasar). Skripsi. Universitas Hasanuddin. Makasar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 139,
"width": 471,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Limiatur, Lasma. 2016. Analisis Pearls Sebagai Alat Ukur Kinerja Pada Keuangan KoperasiKredit Xy. Universitas Sanata Darma. Yogyakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 166,
"width": 362,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mulyadi. 2001. Sistem Akuntansi Edisi Tiga. Salemba Empat. Jakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 180,
"width": 426,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mulyadi. 1997. Akutansi Manajemen: Konsep, Manfaat, Dan Rekayasa.Stie Ykpn. Yogyakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 208,
"width": 471,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Munaldus. 2006. Analisis Rasio PEARLS Di Credit Union. Kalimantan Munawir S.1981. Analisis Laporan Keuangan. Liberty. Yogyakarta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 236,
"width": 471,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Martono Su Dan Agus Harjito. 2003. Manajemen Keuangan.Ekosinia.Yogyakarta. Petu, Yohanes Umbu Sogara. 2015. Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi Simpan Pinjam (KSP)Unu Hari Waingapu Dengan Pendekatan Pearls. Skripsi. Universitas Nusa Cendana. Kupang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 291,
"width": 471,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Raider, Dedi. 2017. 10 Pengertian Kinerja Keuangan Menurut Para Ahli, Tujuan, PengukuranDan Penilaian Analisis Terlengkap. Www.Spengetahuan.Com. (Diakses Pada Tanggal 02 Januari 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 333,
"width": 471,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Riadi, M. 2012. Laporan Keuangan. Https;//Www.Kajianpustaka.Com. (Diakses Pada Tanggal;02 Januari 2018).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 360,
"width": 397,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Riadi, M. 2016. Pengertian, Pengukuran Dan Penilian Kinerja Keuangan. Https;//Www.Kajianpustaka.Com. (Diakses Pada Tanggal 02 Januari 2018). Rudianto. (2010). Akuntansi Koperasi Edisi Kedua. Erlangga. Jakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 402,
"width": 471,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Rosyida. 2008. Analisis Laporan Keuangan Untuk Menilai Kinerja Perusahaan PT.Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk Periode 2003-2006. Skripsi. Universitas Islam Negeri Malang. Malang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 443,
"width": 471,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Standar Akuntansi Indonesia.1999. Tujuan Laporan Keuangan. Paragaraf 12-14 Standar Akuntansi Keuangan (Sak) Tentang Laporan Keuangan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 471,
"width": 404,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sukardi, 2005. Metode Penelitian, Kompetensi Dan Prakteknya. Bumi Aksara. Jakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 499,
"width": 471,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Saraswati, Dinastya, Dkk. 2013. Analisis Laporan Keuangan Sebagai Alat Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Pada Koperasi (Studi Pada Koperasi Universitas Brawijaya Malang Periode 2009-2012). Jurnal Falkutas Admistrasi Bisnis.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 540,
"width": 190,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Vol 6 No.2 Desember 2013. Malang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 554,
"width": 433,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Susilo, Bambang. 2009. Analisis Laporan Keuangan Untuk Menilai Kinerja. Skripsi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 568,
"width": 219,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Universitas Muhammadiyah. Surakarta.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 582,
"width": 393,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sugiyarso G. & F. Winarmi. 2011. Manajemen Keuangan. Media Pressindo. Yogakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 610,
"width": 471,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sugiyono. 2014. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif Dan Kombinasi (Mixed Methos).Alfabeta. Bandung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 637,
"width": 471,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Srimindarti, C. 2006. Balanced Scorecard Sebagai Alternatif Untuk Mengukur Kinerja. Stie Stikubank. Semarang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 665,
"width": 471,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "S.K Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia No. 740/Kmk.Oo/1989 Tentang Kinerja Koperasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 693,
"width": 471,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "S.K Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia No.740/Kmk.00/1989 Tentang Pengertian Kinerja Keuangan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 721,
"width": 471,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tika, P. 2006. Budaya Organisasi Dan Peningkatan Kinerja Perusahaan. Pt Bumi Aksara. Jakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 748,
"width": 432,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ulum, Ihyaul, 2010. Akuntansi Sektor Publik. Graha Ilmu, Yogyakarta. Undang-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 201,
"top": 38,
"width": 328,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "De Ornay, De Rozari and Jati / JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT (SME’s) Vol. 6, No.1, 2018, p113-127",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 472,
"top": 783,
"width": 55,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "127 | P a g e",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 70,
"width": 284,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 1992 Tentang Perkoperasian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 83,
"width": 468,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 1992 Pasal 1 Ayat 1 Tentang Perkoperasian Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 1992 Pasal 3 Tentang Tujuan Koperasi Undang- Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2012 Tentang Perkopersian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 125,
"width": 471,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pengertian Koperasi SimpanPinjam Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tentang 12 Tahun 1967 Tentang Modal KoperasiSimpan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 166,
"width": 40,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pinjam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 180,
"width": 471,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Widiyanti, Ninik Dan Sunindhia, Y.W. 2003. Koperasi Dan Perekonomian Indonesia. Rineka Cipta Dan Bina Adiaksara. Jakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 208,
"width": 410,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Weston J. Fred Dan Thomas E. Copeland. 1992. Manajemen Keuangan Jilid Ii. Terjemahan Yohanes Lamarto. Erlangga. Jakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 97,
"top": 236,
"width": 379,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Woccu. 2000. Strategi Planing Process Of Credit Union, Training Manual “President Management”. Cibad ak",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
82761d4a-5492-08df-c87c-25c226cb0d5e | https://journal.untar.ac.id/index.php/jmts/article/download/24848/15271 | [
{
"left": 75,
"top": 39,
"width": 181,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JMTS: Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil Vol. 6, No. 4, November 2023: hlm 913-924",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 457,
"top": 44,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "EISSN 2622-545X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 791,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "913",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 84,
"top": 88,
"width": 444,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAPAT PENGGUNA JALAN TOL JABODETABEK TENTANG MULTI LANE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 270,
"top": 102,
"width": 73,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "FREE FLOW",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 197,
"top": 126,
"width": 216,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Victoria Sunartio 1 dan Leksmono Suryo Putranto 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 158,
"width": 439,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Program Studi Sarjana Teknik Sipil, Universitas Tarumanagara, Jl. Letjen S. Parman No.1 Jakarta, Indonesia [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 187,
"width": 439,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 Program Studi Sarjana Teknik Sipil, Universitas Tarumanagara, Jl. Letjen S. Parman No.1 Jakarta, Indonesia [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 226,
"width": 292,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Masuk: 06-07-2023, revisi: 29-07-2023, diterima untuk diterbitkan: 31-07-2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 246,
"width": 59,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 265,
"width": 470,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "With the toll road, people's mobility becomes easier. The large number of people using toll roads makes the number of vehicles increase. This often causes congestion that occurs when approaching the toll booth, this congestion occurs because the capacity of vehicles arriving exceeds the service capacity of the toll gate. MLFF is a technology that allows toll road drivers to pay without stopping at toll booths. This study aims to find out the public's perception if the toll payment system changes to the MLFF payment system and the success of MLFF if implemented on the Jabodetabek toll road. The research was compiled using literature studies and quantitative methods and data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to Jabodetabek toll road users. The results of the analysis show that the majority of toll road users agree if MLFF is implemented on Jabodetabek Toll Roads and agree on the opinion that implementing MLFF can reduce congestion that occurs when approaching the toll gate. However, the transition process will require good socialization from the government and public acceptance of this new payment system.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 397,
"width": 277,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Toll Roads; Congestion; Toll Gate; Toll Payment System",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 278,
"top": 421,
"width": 59,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 439,
"width": 470,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dengan adanya jalan tol mobilitas masyarakat menjadi semakin mudah. Banyaknya masyarakat yang menggunakan jalan tol membuat jumlah kendaraan yang melalui jalan tol semakin banyak. Hal ini sering menyebabkan kemacetan yang terjadi ketika mendekati pintu tol, kemacetan ini terjadi karena kapasitas kendaraan yang datang melebihi kapasitas pelayanan pintu tol. MLFF merupakan suatu teknologi yang memungkinkan pengendara jalan tol membayar tanpa berhenti di pintu tol. Penelitian ini, bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi masyarakat apabila sistem pembayaran tol berubah menjadi sistem pembayaran MLFF dan keberhasilan MLFF jika diterapkan di tol Jabodetabek. Penelitian disusun dengan menggunakan studi literatur dan metode kuantitatif dan perolehan data dilakukan dengan penyebaran kuesioner kepada pengguna jalan tol Jabodetabek. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas pengguna jalan tol setuju apabila MLFF diterapkan di Tol Jabodetabek dan berpendapat bahwa dengan diterapkannya MLFF dapat mengurangi kemacetan yang terjadi saat mendekati pintu tol. Namun untuk proses peralihan akan diperlukan sosialisasi yang baik dari pemerintah dan penerimaan masyarakat akan sistem pembayaran baru ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 572,
"width": 286,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci : Jalan Tol; Kemacetan; Pintu Tol; Sistem Pembayaran Tol",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 596,
"width": 116,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 614,
"width": 470,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jalan tol merupakan pelayanan yang diberikan pemerintah kepada masyarakat untuk memperlancar lalu lintas serta meningkatkan aksesibilitas dan mobilitas barang dan orang. Dengan semakin mudahnya mobilitas masyarakat, maka semakin bertambah juga jumlah kendaraan yang melalui jalan tol. Hal ini sering menyebabkan terjadinya penumpukan arus lalu lintas ketika mendekati pintu tol, penumpukan ini terjadi karena kapasitas kendaraan yang datang melebihi kapasitas pelayanan gerbang. Penumpukan yang terjadi setiap mendekati pintu tol menimbulkan banyak kerugian seperti polusi udara, konsumsi bahan bakar yang tidak efektif dan waktu yang terbuang sia-sia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 689,
"width": 470,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada tahun 2023 Kementrian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat (PUPR) dengan bantuan Badan Pengatur Jalan Tol (BPJT) yang bekerja sama dengan PT. Roatex Indonesia berencana untuk melakukan uji coba sistem pembayaran tol nontunai tanpa sentuh atau Multi Lane Free Flow (MLFF). Dengan diberlakukannya sistem pembayaran Multi Lane Free Flow ini, akan memungkinkan terjadinya perubahan sistem pembayaran tol dari pembayaran dengan tunai dan non tunai menggunakan e-money lalu mengubahnya menjadi lebih efektif dan efisien dengan sistem non tunai dan tanpa sentuh. (BPJT, 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 39,
"width": 175,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendapat Pengguna Jalan Tol Jabodetabek tentang Multi Lane Free Flow",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 416,
"top": 39,
"width": 119,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sunartio dan Putranto (2023)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 791,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "914",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 470,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dilihat dari jumlah pengguna jalan tol yang jumlah transaksi perhari sebanyak 4 juta transaksi di gerbang tol melalui sistem tapping, menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia sudah memasuki era modernisasi. Dengan sistem pembayaran yang masih mengharuskan pengguna untuk berhenti dan melakukan tapping di gerbang tol sering menyebabkan keterlambatan transaksi hingga kemacetan. Berkat kemajuan teknologi saat ini, suatu mekanisme transaksi pada jalan tol yang disebut Multi Lane Free Flow (MLFF) sedang dikembangkan. MLFF adalah suatu metode pembayaran tol tanpa mengharuskan kendaraan berhenti di gerbang tol. Sistem ini dapat mengeliminasi terjadinya penumpukan dan meningkatkan kontrol terhadap arus lalu lintas. Pembayaran tol dengan system MLFF, menggunakan bantuan alat seperti RFID ( Radio Frequency Identification ) dan ANPR ( Automatic Number Plate Recognition ). (BPJT, 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 186,
"width": 470,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pendapat masyarakat pengguna Jalan Tol Jabodetabek tentang sistem pembayaran Multi Lane Free Flow, sebagai salah teknologi untuk jalan tol yang dapat menjadi solusi terhadap kemacetan yang sering terjadi ketika mendekati pintu tol.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 226,
"width": 47,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jalan Tol",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 245,
"width": 470,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dijelaskan dalam UU No 15 tahun 2005 tentang Jalan tol, Jalan tol adalah jalan umum yang mewajibkan penggunanya untuk melakukan pembayaran saat menggunakan jalan tersebut. Jalan tol memiliki fungsi yang sangat penting untuk kemajuan suatu wilayah dan merupakan bagian dari sistem jaringan jalan nasional. Jalan tol dibangun dengan tujuan untuk menghindari kemacetan dan diharapkan dapat menjadi pendukung dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi. Pengadaan jalan tol bertujuan untuk mencapai pertumbuhan wilayah yang seimbang dan pemerataan pembangunan serta pengembangan suatu wilayah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 320,
"width": 470,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jalan tol dirancang khusus untuk kendaraan roda empat atau lebih seperti mobil, bus atau truk dan bertujuan untuk mengurangi jarak dan memepersingkat waktu perjalanan dari satu tempat ke tempat lain serta menghindari kemacetan yang biasanya terjadi pada jalan biasa. Jalan tol adalah Jalan umum yang mengharuskan penggunanya membayar tarif. Jalan tol dibangun sebagai alternatif dari jalan umum yang sudah ada dengan tujuan mempercepat pembangunan jaringan jalan yang lebih terintegrasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 383,
"width": 470,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari BPJT pada bulan Juni 2022, Total kesuluran jalan tol di Indonesia terbagi menjadi 66 ruas dengan Panjang total 2500 kilometer. Jalan tol di Indonesia dioperasikan oleh 46 Badan Usaha Jalan Tol (BUJT) yang tersebar di Pulau Jawa, Pulau Bali, Pulau Sumatera, Pulau Kalimantan, dan Pulau Sulawesi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 424,
"width": 81,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tol Jabodetabek",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 182,
"top": 586,
"width": 248,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1. Peta Jaringan Tol di Jabodetabek (Trenasia, 2021)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 610,
"width": 470,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1 memperlihatkan ruas jaringan tol di Jabodetabek, untuk keseluran ruas jalan tol di Jabodetabek terdapat sebanyak 28 ruas dengan total sepanjang 509,55 km. Menurut Kusnandar (2022), Pembangunan jalan tol di Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang dan Bekasi (Jabodetabek) dilakukan untuk mengurangi kemacetan lalu lintas dan memperlancar pergerakan penduduk dan suplai barang Jabodetabek. Jalan Tol Jakarta-Bogor-Ciawi atau biasa disebur Jagorawi adalah jalan tol paling pertama yang dibangun di Jabodetabek dan di Indonesia. Jalan Tol Jagorawi mulai aktif digunakan sejak 9 Maret 1978 dan memiliki Panjang total 59 kilometer.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 685,
"width": 470,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sejak tahun 1987, Jasa Marga secara bertahap mulai mengoperasikan Jalan Tol Dalam Kota Jakarta, yang juga dikenal sebagai Jakarta Intra Urban Tollways . Seiring dengan berkembangnya Kota Jakarta sebagai pusat perdagangan dan politik, maka semakin banyak pergerakan penduduk dan barang sehingga Jalan tol ini dibangun untuk mendukung Kota Jakarta dalam proses perkembangannya (Jasa Marga, 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 737,
"width": 470,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jalan Tol Tangerang - Merak dan Tol Dalam Kota Jakarta dihubungkan oleh Tol Jakarta - Tangerang yang memiliki panjang 33 kilometer. Jalan Tol Jakarta-Tangerang kini dioperasikan oleh Cabang Cawang - Tangerang - Cengkareng. Tol Jakarta Tangerang kini terhubung dengan Prof. Dr. Ir. Sedyatmo melalui JORR W1 (Jasa Marga, 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 39,
"width": 181,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JMTS: Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil Vol. 6, No. 4, November 2023: hlm 913-924",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 457,
"top": 44,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "EISSN 2622-545X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 791,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "915",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 470,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jalan tol yang menghubungkan Depok dengan Jakarta disebut Jalan Tol Depok-Antasari. Kota Jakarta Selatan, Kota Depok, dan Kabupaten Bogor semuanya dilalui oleh jalan tol ini. Karena sering terjadi kepadatan hingga kemacetan pada Jalan Tol Jagorawi, maka dibangun Jalan Tol Depok-Antasari untuk mengurangi kemacetan tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 128,
"width": 115,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sistem Pembayaran Tol",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 147,
"width": 470,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Budiharjo (2019), Transaksi jalan tol di Indonesia sudah berulang kali dilakukan perubahan dan perkembangan, seperti:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 176,
"width": 126,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Pembayaran Tunai ( Cash )",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 187,
"width": 452,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembayaran menggunakan tunai mengharuskan pengguna jalan tol untuk menyiapkan uang tunai dan berhenti saat melakukan pembayaran di gerbang tol. Metode pembayaran ini kurang efektif karena dapat menyebabkan kemacetan terutama jika pengguna jalan tidak membayar dengan uang pas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 222,
"width": 88,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Electronic Card",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 233,
"width": 452,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kartu yang berfungsi sebagai uang digital dikenal sebagai kartu elektronik. Dalam kartu ini terdapat nilai uang yang tersimpan secara digital dalam server atau chip media. Sejak tahun 2017, di Indonesia seluruh pembayaran tol sudah harus menggunakan e-money . Dengan berubahnya sistem pembayaran menjadi pembayaran dengan e- money , pengguna jalan tol tidak lagi harus menyiapkan uang tunai untuk membayar tol. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mempercepat proses pembayaran sehingga mengurangi kemacetan dan antrean mendekati gerbang tol.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 291,
"width": 144,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Single Lane Free Flow (SLFF)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 302,
"width": 470,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Single Lane Free Flow adalah sistem pembayaran dalam satu jalur transaksi yang memungkinkan kendaraan tidak berhenti. Dengan diberlakukannya sistem SLFF, kendaraan dapat terus melaju saat pembayaran yang dilakukan secara otomatis terjadi. Sistem Single Lane Free Flow sudah diterapkan dan dilakukan uji coba oleh PT Jasa Marga menggunakan teknologi RFID ( Radio Frequency Identification ) pada gerbang tol Cengkareng dan Kapuk. Jalan Tol Tangerang-Merak yang dioperasikan oleh PT. Marga Mandala Sakti juga sudah mengimplementasi SLFF yang berbasis teknologi DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication) . 4. Multi Lane Free Flow (MLFF)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 383,
"width": 452,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Multi Lane Free Flow adalah suatu metode baru pembayaran tol yang memungkinkan kendaraan melewati gerbang tol tanpa perlu berhenti atau memperlambat. Proses pembayaran dengan sistem MLFF menggunakan sistem yang dapat mendeteksi kendaraan dan mengotomatiskan pembayaran tanpa kendaraan harus berhenti. Sehingga lebih efektif dan efisien dan mengurangi kemacetan lalu lintas jalan tol, meningkatkan arus lalu lintas, ramah lingkungan dan lebih nyaman bagi pengemudi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 446,
"width": 211,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teknologi untuk Sistem Pembayaran MLFF",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 465,
"width": 183,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Radio Frequency Indentification (RFID)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 476,
"width": 452,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Radio Frequency Identification adalah sebuah alat elektronik kecil yang terdiri dari antenna, transceiver dan transponder. RFID setidaknya membutuhkan 2 komponen, RFID Tag dan RFID Reader . Ketika antenna dan transceiver digabungkan, disebut RFID Reader . RFID Reader adalah perangkat yang terhubung ke jaringan yang dapat dibawa-bawa atau dipasang secara permanen, alat ini menggunakan gelombang radio untuk mengirimkan sinyal yang mengaktifkan tag . Setelah diaktifkan, tag mengirimkan gelombang kembali ke antena, di mana gelombang tersebut diterjemahkan menjadi data (UMY,2021). Kelebihan RFID adalah RFID memiliki bentuk yang sangat kecil sehingga praktis dan dapat menampung jumlah data yang besar, namun RFID juga memiliki kelemahan yaitu jika terdapat 2 kendaraan yang lewat bersamaan dapat menyebabkan kekacauan informasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 568,
"width": 470,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) Menurut Budiharjo dan Margarani (2019), Automatic Number Plate Recognition adalah teknologi yang menggunakan pengenalan karakter pada gambar yang digunakan untuk membaca plat nomor kendaraan. ANPR mengubah gambar plat nomor menjadi karakter yang kemudian diteruskan kepada mesin pengenal karakter. Image processing dan berbasis machine learning adalah metode yang digunakan dalam teknologi ANPR. Kelebihan ANPR adalah ANPR tidak perlu dipasangkan ke kendaraan sehingga masyarakat pengguna jalan tol tidak perlu repot untuk memasangkan alat pada kendaraannya, namun ANPR juga memiliki kelemahan yaitu akurasi belum optimal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 660,
"width": 216,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC)",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 672,
"width": 452,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) adalah teknologi komunikasi nirkabel yang dirancang untuk memungkinkan mobil dalam sistem transportasi cerdas (ITS) berkomunikasi dengan mobil lain atau teknologi infrastruktur. Teknologi DSRC beroperasi pada pita 5,9 GHz dari spektrum frekuensi radio dan efektif untuk jarak pendek hingga menengah.DSRC memiliki keandalan tinggi, aman, dan menerima sangat sedikit gangguan, bahkan dalam kondisi cuaca ekstrem, dikarenakan jangkauannya yang pendek. Ini membuatnya ideal untuk komunikasi ke dan dari kendaraan yang bergerak cepat. Teknologi DSRC dapat digunakan dalam format kendaraan-ke-kendaraan (V2V) atau kendaraan-ke-infrastruktur (V2I), dan berkomunikasi menggunakan transponder yang dikenal sebagai unit on-board (OBU) atau unit pinggir jalan (RSU). Kelebihan DSRC adalah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 39,
"width": 175,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendapat Pengguna Jalan Tol Jabodetabek tentang Multi Lane Free Flow",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 416,
"top": 39,
"width": 119,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sunartio dan Putranto (2023)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 791,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "916",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 88,
"width": 452,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DSRC dapat membaca data dalam situasi apapun, misal hujan lebat dan lainnya, namun DSRC juga memiliki kelemahan yaitu alat DSRC perlu dipasangkan ke kendaraan dan berukuran relatif besar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 111,
"width": 470,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) bergantung pada satelit yang mengirimkan sinyal dari luar angkasa yang memberikan data penentuan posisi dan waktu ke penerima GNSS. Penerima data kemudian menggunakan data ini untuk menentukan lokasi. Kelebihan GNSS adalah sistem kerja GNSS mengandalkan aplikasi pada handphone untuk mengetahui posisi kendaraan sehingga mudah dimengerti masyarakat, namun GNSS juga memiliki kelemahan yaitu pembayaran tidak otomatis sehingga sedikit merepotkan pengguna karena pembayaran harus dilakukan secara manual.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 203,
"width": 151,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 222,
"width": 470,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian disusun dengan menggunakan studi literatur dan metode kuantitatif. Studi literatur berasal dari jurnal, buku dan sumber lainnya dan digunakan untuk memahami teori yang berkaitan dengan penelitian. Metode kuantitatif digunakan untuk meneliti sampel, dalam penelitian ini sampel didapatkan dengan cara menyebarkan kuesioner. Kuesioner disebarkan secara online. Jawaban pada kuesioner sudah disediakan dalam bentuk pilihan ganda, namun tetap diberikan tempat kosong untuk responden menjawab pertanyaan sesuai dengan kondisi responden untuk apabila tidak terdapat jawaban di pilihan yang disediakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 297,
"width": 279,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Alur penelitian dari awal hingga selesai dapat dilihat pada Gambar 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 484,
"width": 143,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2. Diagram Alir Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 508,
"width": 470,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode pengumpulan data untuk penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang merupakan teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara memberikan beberapa pertanyaan kepada responden. Kuesioner berupa Google Form yang akan disebarkan kepada sebanyak kurang lebih 150 responden pengendara mobil, khususnya pengendara yang melewati Jalan Tol Jabodetabek. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif karena penelitian ini lebih menekankan kepada penggunaan analisis statistik dengan menggunakan penjelasan terhadap data dan analisis T-Test. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan aplikasi Microsoft Excel, dan juga IBM SPSS Statistics 26 sebagai proses pengolahan data. Tabel 1 menunjukkan pertanyaan dan pernyataan pada kuesioner.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 223,
"top": 600,
"width": 165,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Indikator Pertanyaan Kuesioner",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 618,
"width": 281,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kelompok Variabel Indikator",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 672,
"width": 87,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data Diri Responden",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 636,
"width": 26,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nama",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 654,
"width": 59,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jenis Kelamin Usia",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 690,
"width": 42,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Domisili Pekerjaan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 39,
"width": 181,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JMTS: Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil Vol. 6, No. 4, November 2023: hlm 913-924",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 457,
"top": 44,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "EISSN 2622-545X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 791,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "917",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 88,
"width": 363,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. (Lanjutan) Indikator Pertanyaan Kuesioner Kelompok Variabel Indikator Pertanyaan umum tentang responden yang menggunakan Jalan Tol Jabodetabek Saat berkendara mobil, anda adalah pengendara/penumpang? Apakah anda pernah menggunakan Jalan Tol Jabodetabek?",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 206,
"top": 160,
"width": 204,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Anda sering menggunakan Jalan Tol Jabodetabek.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 206,
"top": 178,
"width": 316,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kegiatan apa yang akan anda lakukan ketika melewati Jalan Tol Jabodetabek?",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 206,
"top": 196,
"width": 267,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kemacetan saat mendekati gerbang tol menganggu kegiatan anda.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 214,
"width": 404,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pertanyaan umum tentang responden yang menggunakan Jalan Tol Jabodetabek Apakah anda sudah mengetahui tentang MLFF, sebelum kuesioner ini?",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 206,
"top": 232,
"width": 222,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jika sudah, darimana anda mengetahui tentang MLFF?",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 206,
"top": 250,
"width": 251,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Anda setuju dengan diterapkannya MLFF di Tol Jabodetabek.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 206,
"top": 268,
"width": 316,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dengan diterapkannya MLFF, dapat mengurangi kemacetan dekat gerbang tol.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 206,
"top": 286,
"width": 288,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proses peralihan pembayaran menjadi MLFF akan berlangsung mudah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 206,
"top": 304,
"width": 127,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Alasan untuk pernyataan no.16",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 206,
"top": 322,
"width": 292,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "RFID merupakan teknologi yang tepat untuk proses pembayaran MLFF.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 206,
"top": 340,
"width": 296,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ANPR merupakan teknologi yang tepat untuk proses pembayaran MLFF. DSRC merupakan teknologi yang tepat untuk proses pembayaran MLFF. GNSS merupakan teknologi yang tepat untuk proses pembayaran MLFF.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 394,
"width": 470,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kuesioner akan dibagikan kepada 15 responden untuk dilakukan uji sampel, dari 15 data responden yang sudah diperoleh maka akan dilakukan uji validitas, realibitas dan normalitas. Uji sampel dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah pertanyaan dalam kuesioner sudah tepat dan dapat digunakan untuk pengumpulan data penuh. Target untuk pengumpulan data penuh sebanyak 150 responden, setelah data penuh diperoleh maka data akan dilakukan uji sample t-test.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 457,
"width": 470,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Sugiyono (2017), Uji validitas menunjukkan derajat ketepatan antara data yang terjadi pada objek dengan data yang dikumpulkan oleh peneliti. Uji validitas dilakukan untuk mengukur apakah data yang didapat valid atau tidak dengan menggunakan alat ukur berupa kuesioner. Uji reliabilitas digunakan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana kuesioner memberikan hasil relatif konsisten bila dilakukan pengukuran ulang pada subjek yang sama. Instrumen atau alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian reliabel apabila terdapat kesamaan data dalam waktu yang berbeda. Menurut Sugiyono (2013), Uji normalitas merupakan pengujian yang dilakukan sebagai sebuah prasyarat untuk melakukan sebuah analisis data. Uji normalitas dilakukan sebelum pengolahan data berdasarkan model penelitian yang diajukan. Menurut Mustafidah (2020). Uji One Sample T-Test merupakan salah satu prosedur dalam pengujian sampel tunggal dengan cara rata–rata suatu variabel tunggal dibandingkan dengan nilai suatu konstanta. Pengujian ini digunakan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan rata–rata pada populasi atau penelitian dengan rata–rata data sampel penelitian. Menurut Gani dan Amalia (2015), Independent Sample T-Test dilakukan untuk menguji hipotesis tentang dua atau lebih populasi yang setiap kelompok sampelnya bersifat independent atau berarti kedua populasi tersebut tidak terikat dan tidak berhubungan satu sama lain dengan data berupa skala interval atau rasio.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 619,
"width": 173,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 638,
"width": 73,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Normalitas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 656,
"width": 307,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada Tabel 2, hasil uji normalitas data sampel dan data penuh diperlihatkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 679,
"width": 212,
"height": 45,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2. Uji Normalitas Data Indikator N Asymp. Sig (2 tailed)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 401,
"top": 700,
"width": 54,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdistribusi",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 158,
"top": 712,
"width": 286,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Normal Data Sampel Mean Umum 15 0,002 Tidak Mean MLFF 15 0,017 Tidak",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 39,
"width": 175,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendapat Pengguna Jalan Tol Jabodetabek tentang Multi Lane Free Flow",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 416,
"top": 39,
"width": 119,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sunartio dan Putranto (2023)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 791,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "918",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 88,
"width": 295,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2. (Lanjutan) Uji Normalitas Data Indikator N Asymp. Sig (2 tailed) Berdistribusi Normal Data Penuh Mean Umum 156 <0,001 Tidak Mean MLFF 156 <0,001 Tidak",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 177,
"width": 464,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dilihat dari Tabel 2, dapat disimpulkan bahwa data sampel dan data penuh yang diuji perhitungan One Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test adalah data yang tidak normal, dimana hasil pembacaan Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) untuk indikator kedua indikator memiliki hasil <0,001. Persyaratan data disebut normal adalah pembacaan Asymp. Sig. (2- tailed) >0,05.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 167,
"top": 409,
"width": 278,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 3. Histogram dan Kurva Regresi Uji Normalitas Data Penuh",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 432,
"width": 470,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 3 memperlihatkan pembuktian lain untuk mengecek normalitas data penuh dengan menggunakan histogram dan kurva regresi. Berdasarkan gambar 3, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengecekan data penuh berdistribusi normal dilihat dari kurva regresi yang cenderung simetris dengan histogram dan berbentuk seperti lonceng.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 473,
"width": 139,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Validitas dan Realibilitas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 131,
"top": 497,
"width": 348,
"height": 169,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 3. Uji Validitas dan Realibilitas No. Variabel Valid/Tidak Valid Nilai Cronbach’s alpha Data Sampel Indikator Umum 1. Anda sering menggunakan tol Jabodetabek. Valid 0,321 2. Kemacetan saat mendekati gerbang tol menggangu kegiatan anda. Valid Indikator MLFF 1. Anda setuju dengan diterapkannya",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 657,
"width": 320,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MLFF di tol Jabodetabek. Tidak 0,301 2. Dengan MLFF, dapat mengurangi kemacetaan dekat gerbang tol. Tidak 3. Proses peralihan menjadi MLFF akan berlangsung mudah. Tidak 4. RFID teknologi yang tepat untuk sistem pembayaran MLFF. Valid",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 39,
"width": 181,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JMTS: Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil Vol. 6, No. 4, November 2023: hlm 913-924",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 457,
"top": 44,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "EISSN 2622-545X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 791,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "919",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 131,
"top": 88,
"width": 348,
"height": 126,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 3. (Lanjutan) Uji Validitas dan Realibilitas No. Variabel Valid/Tidak Valid Nilai Cronbach’s alpha 5. ANPR teknologi yang tepat untuk sistem pembayaran MLFF. Valid 0,301 6. DSRC teknologi yang tepat untuk sistem pembayaran MLFF. Valid 7. GNSS teknologi yang tepat untuk sistem pembayaran MLFF. Tidak",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 280,
"top": 223,
"width": 53,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data Penuh",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 135,
"top": 241,
"width": 320,
"height": 289,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indikator Umum 1. Anda sering menggunakan tol Jabodetabek. Valid 0,431 2. Kemacetan saat mendekati gerbang tol menggangu kegiatan anda. Valid Indikator MLFF 1. Anda setuju dengan diterapkannya MLFF di tol Jabodetabek. Valid 0,634 2. Dengan MLFF, dapat mengurangi kemacetaan dekat gerbang tol. Valid 3. Proses peralihan menjadi MLFF akan berlangsung mudah. Valid 4. RFID teknologi yang tepat untuk sistem pembayaran MLFF. Valid 5. ANPR teknologi yang tepat untuk sistem pembayaran MLFF. Valid 6. DSRC teknologi yang tepat untuk sistem pembayaran MLFF. Valid 7. GNSS teknologi yang tepat untuk sistem pembayaran MLFF. Valid",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 539,
"width": 470,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan tabel 3, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada pengujian data sampel untuk indikator Umum terdapat 2 pertanyaan yang valid dan untuk indikator MLFF terdapat 3 pertanyaan yang valid, dimana hasil pembacaan pada output Sig. (1-tailed) berada di angka <0,05 maka terdapat korelasi antar variabel yang dihubungkan dan dapat disimpulkan bahwa sudah diperoleh data yang valid dari pertanyaan yang diberikan. Namun untuk indikator MLFF terdapat 4 pertanyaan yang tidak valid, dikarenakan hasil pembacaan pada output Sig. (1-tailed) berada di angka >0,05. Pertanyaan merupakan pertanyaan persepsi dan sudah memiliki objek yang sangat jelas maka pengubahan susunan kalimat pada pertanyaan tidak dapat mengubah hasil secara konsisten. Selain itu hasil tidak valid dapat terjadi karena jumlah sampel yang masih sedikit. Pada hasil pengujian reliabilitas kedua indikator diperoleh hasil Cronbach’s alpha kurang dari 0,6. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa pertanyaan yang ditanyakan tidak reliable atau tidak konsisten karena jumlah sampel yang masih sedikit.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 660,
"width": 470,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada pengujian data penuh untuk indikator Umum terdapat 2 pertanyaan yang valid dan untuk indikator MLFF terdapat 7 pertanyaan yang valid, dimana hasil pembacaan pada output Sig. (1-tailed) berada di angka <0,05. Pada hasil pengujian reliabilitas indikator Umum diperoleh hasil Cronbach’s alpha sebesar 0,431 atau kurang dari 0,6 hal ini menunjukan bahwa pertanyaan yang ditanyakan tidak reliable atau tidak konsisten. Pada indikator umum didapatkan hasil tidak reliable karena sedikitnya butir pertanyaan yang dimasukkan dalam pengujian. Pada pengujian reliabilitas indikator MLFF diperoleh hasil Cronbach’s alpha sebesar 0,634 atau >0,6 hal ini menunjukan bahwa pertanyaan yang ditanyakan sudah realiable dan konsisten.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 39,
"width": 175,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendapat Pengguna Jalan Tol Jabodetabek tentang Multi Lane Free Flow",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 416,
"top": 39,
"width": 119,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sunartio dan Putranto (2023)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 791,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "920",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 102,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data Diri Responden",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 106,
"width": 470,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Total data yang diperoleh dari penyebaran kuesioner sebanyak 160 responden, dimana 4 responden tidak memenuhi syarat, maka data 156 responden yang telah memenuhi syarat yang akan digunakan untuk dianalisis. Pengelompokkan data diri responden dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok agar memudahkan pada saat melakukan pengujian dengan metode Independent Sample T-Test . Tabel 4 memperlihatkan data umum daripada 156 responden yang sudah diperoleh.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 239,
"top": 164,
"width": 134,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 4. Data Umum Responden",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 162,
"top": 182,
"width": 293,
"height": 223,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indikator Keterangan Jumlah Presentase Jenis Kelamin Laki - Laki 77 49,36 Perempuan 79 50,64 Usia Usia ≤ 30 94 60,26 Usia > 30 62 39,74 Domisili Jakarta 62 39,74 Luar Jakarta 94 60,26 Pekejaan Mahasiswa 72 46,15 Non-Mahasiswa 84 53,85 Pengendara/Penumpang Pengendara 72 46,15 Penumpang 84 53,85 Kegiatan Liburan 81 51,92 Lainnya 75 48,08",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 420,
"width": 90,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "One Sample T-Test",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 438,
"width": 470,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengujian One Sample T-Test bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nilai α untuk menentukan nilai signifikansi sebuah indikator pertanyaan atau pernyataan yang diberikan. Apabila didapatkan nilai α ≤ 0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa indikator tersebut signifikan. Pada metode ini juga akan dilakukan perbandingan rataan dari setiap variabel dengan nilai rataan skala likert yaitu sebesar 2,5. Hasil pengujian dapat dilihat pada Tabel 5.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 496,
"width": 455,
"height": 243,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 5. Uji One Sample T-Test Pertanyaan Rataan Selisih Mean α Signifikan pada α ≤ 0,05 Umum 3: Anda sering menggunakan tol Jabodetabek. 2,538 2,537 <0,001 Ya Umum 5: Kemacetan saat mendekati gerbang tol menggangu kegiatan anda. 3,259 3,269 <0,001 Ya MLFF 3: Anda setuju dengan diterapkannya MLFF di tol Jabodetabek. 3,31 3,313 <0,001 Ya MLFF 4: Dengan MLFF, dapat mengurangi kemacetaan dekat gerbang tol. 3,329 3,325 <0,001 Ya MLFF 5: Proses peralihan menjadi MLFF akan berlangsung mudah. 2,791 2,794 <0,001 Ya MLFF 7: RFID teknologi tepat untuk MLFF. 2,577 2,575 <0,001 Ya MLFF 8: ANPR teknologi tepat untuk MLFF. 2,711 2,718 <0,001 Ya MLFF 9: DSRC teknologi tepat untuk MLFF. 2,782 2,781 <0,001 Ya MLFF 10: GNSS teknologi tepat untuk MLFF. 2,635 2,631 <0,001 Ya",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 748,
"width": 470,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 5, nilai seluruh rataan diatas 2,5 dan memiliki hasil selisih mean yang positif sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa responden yang mengisi kuesioner sering menggunakan jalan Tol Jabodetabek dan sering merasa",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 39,
"width": 181,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JMTS: Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil Vol. 6, No. 4, November 2023: hlm 913-924",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 457,
"top": 44,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "EISSN 2622-545X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 791,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "921",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 470,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "terganggu dengan kemacetan yang terjadi ketika mendekati gerbang tol. Responden setuju jika sistem pembayaran MLFF diterapkan di Tol Jabodetabek karena dapat mengurangi kemacetan ketika mendekati gerbang tol, proses peralihan sistem pemabayaran tol akan berlangsung dengan mudah apabila sosialisasi dilakukan dengan baik oleh pemerintah. Responden setuju apabila teknologi RFID, ANPR, DSRC dan GNSS digunakan untuk sistem pembayaran MLFF. Nilai α dari setiap indikator diperoleh lebih kecil daripada 0,05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang berarti.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 163,
"width": 128,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Independent Sample T-Test",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 181,
"width": 471,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada pengujian dengan metode Independent Sample T-Test digunakan pengelompokkan variabel berupa data umum responden seperti jenis kelamin, usia, domisili dan pekerjaan. Hasil pengujian Independent Sample T-Test dapat dilihat pada Tabel 6 hingga Tabel 11.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 228,
"width": 394,
"height": 499,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 6. Hasil Independent Sample T-Test Berdasarkan Usia Independent Usia N Rataan Sig. L- Test Sig.T- Test Selisih Mean Signifikan MeanUmum ≤ 30 94 2,8606 0,617 0,381 -0,107 Tidak ˃ 30 62 2,9683 MeanMLFF ≤ 30 94 2,9249 < 0,001 0,095 0,122 Tidak ˃ 30 62 2,8027 Tabel 7. Hasil Independent Sample T-Test Berdasarlan Jenis Kelamin Independent Jenis Kelamin N Rataan Sig. L- Test Sig.T- Test Selisih Mean Signifikan MeanUmum Pria 77 2,9487 0,137 0,458 0,089 Tidak Wanita 79 2,8598 MeanMLFF Pria 77 2,9048 0,229 0,491 0,055 Tidak Wanita 79 2,8502 Tabel 8. Hasil Independent Sample T-Test Berdasarkan Domisili Independent Domisili N Rataan Sig. L- Test Sig.T- Test Selisih Mean Signifikan MeanUmum Jakarta 62 2,8968 0,113 0,939 -0,009 Tidak Bodetabek 94 2,9063 MeanMLFF Jakarta 62 2,8050 0,236 0,157 -0,114 Tidak Bodetabek 94 2,9196 Tabel 9. Hasil Independent Sample T-Test Berdasarkan Pekerjaan Independent Pekerjaan N Rataan Sig. L- Test Sig.T- Test Selisih Mean Signifikan MeanUmum Mahasiswa 72 2,8581 0,298 0,486 -0,084 Tidak Lainnya 84 2,9419 MeanMLFF Mahasiswa 72 2,9421 < 0,001 0,139 0,121 Tidak Lainnya 84 2,8206",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 39,
"width": 175,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendapat Pengguna Jalan Tol Jabodetabek tentang Multi Lane Free Flow",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 416,
"top": 39,
"width": 119,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sunartio dan Putranto (2023)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 791,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "922",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 88,
"width": 395,
"height": 240,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 10. Hasil Independent Sample T-Test Berdasarkan Penumpang/Pengendara Independent Pekerjaan N Rataan Sig. L- Test Sig.T- Test Selisih Mean Signifikan MeanUmum Penumpang 84 2,7184 0,538 0,001 -0,405 Ya Pengendara 72 3,1233 MeanMLFF Penumpang 84 2,8752 0,147 0,965 -0,003 Tidak Pengendara 72 2,8787 Tabel 11. Hasil Independent Sample T-Test Berdasarkan Kegiatan Responden Independent Pekerjaan N Rataan Sig. L- Test Sig.T- Test Selisih Mean Signifikan MeanUmum Liburan 81 2,5663 0,897 < 0,001 -0,699 Ya Lainnya 75 3,2662 MeanMLFF Lainnya 81 2,8365 0,813 0,290 -0,084 Tidak Lainnya 75 2,9202",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 337,
"width": 470,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 6 hingga Tabel 11, selisih nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh tidak jauh berbeda karena hasil kurang dari 1. Apabila selisih nilai rata-rata bernilai negatif berarti indikator baris bawah memiliki nilai mean yang lebih besar dibandingan dengan nilai indikator baris atas. Pada kelompok responden sebagai pengendara atau penumpang dan kelompok kegiatan responden, indikator umum mendapatkan hasil signifikan dimana nilai signifikan T-Test diperoleh <0,05, hal ini menandakan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pendapat antara responden pengendara atau penumpang dan responden yang melakukan kegiatan berlibur atau lainnya pada indikator pertanyaan umum. Untuk kelompok usia, jenis kelamin, domisili, pekerjaan, penumpang/pengendara pada indikator MLFF dan kegiatan responden pada indikator MLFF didapatkan hasil tidak signifikan atau tidak terjadi perbedaan yang bermakna pada pendapat antar kelompok tersebut dikarenakan hasil signifikan T-Test diperoleh >0,05.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 453,
"width": 173,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 472,
"width": 60,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 490,
"width": 470,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari hasil analisis dua indikator yang ditanyakan, dengan indikator pertanyaan umum mengenai responden sebagai pengguna Jalan Tol Jabodetabek dan indikator pertanyaan MLFF mengenai pengetahuan dan pendapat responden jika sistem pembayaran MLFF diterapkan di Tol Jabodetabek, maka dapat diambil beberapa kesimpulan dari penelitian ini sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 542,
"width": 470,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Mayoritas pengguna Tol Jabodetabek merasa terganggu dengan kemacetan yang terjadi saat mendekati gerbang tol. Dengan sistem pembayaran tapping e-money diubah menjadi sistem pembayaran Multi Lane Free Flow dapat mengurangi kemacetan pada gerbang tol, karena kendaraan tidak perlu lagi berhenti untuk melakukan pembayaran. Namun ada beberapa pengguna yang berpendapat bahwa ketika sistem pembayaran di Jalan Tol Jabodetabek diubah menjadi MLFF tidak akan terlalu mempengaruhi kondisi lalu lintas saat mendekati gerbang tol.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 611,
"width": 470,
"height": 89,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Proses peralihan sistem pembayaran menjadi MLFF akan berjalan tergantung dari bagaimana masyarakat menyikapi sosialisasi yang dilakukan pemerintah dan bagaimana pemerintah melakukan sosialisasi terhadap sistem pembayaran baru ini. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, didapatkan bahwa mayoritas pengguna Jalan Tol Jabodetabek berpendapat bahwa proses peralihan akan berlangsung dengan mudah karena teknologi yang sudah berkembang dan adanya antusias dan ketertarikan dari masyarakat sendiri atas sistem pembayaran tol yang lebih mudah dan efisien ini. Namun tidak sedikit juga pengguna Jalan Tol Jabodetabek berpendapat bahwa proses peralihan akan susah karena harus dilakukan uji coba terlebih dahulu dan merupakan hal yang baru bagi masyarakat.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 709,
"width": 31,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Saran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 728,
"width": 470,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Pada pembuatan kuesioner, peneliti menggunakan berbagai macam skala jawaban, dimana untuk pilihan skala jawaban dapat disederhanakan menjadi satu macam saja. Peneliti memberi saran untuk mengembangkan kuesioner yang akan disebarkan kepada responden, dengan mempermudah pengisian kuesioner dengan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 39,
"width": 181,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JMTS: Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil Vol. 6, No. 4, November 2023: hlm 913-924",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 457,
"top": 44,
"width": 83,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "EISSN 2622-545X",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 791,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "923",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 88,
"width": 443,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "memberikan pertanyaan dengan jawaban berupa jawaban berskala dan menggunakan kata-kata yang mudah dipahami.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 111,
"width": 469,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Pada pertanyaan mengenai teknologi untuk MLFF pada kuesioner, peneliti memberi saran untuk mengganti penggunaan kata-kata dan susunan kalimat agar lebih mudah dipahami masyarakat awam.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 134,
"width": 469,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, apabila pemerintah memutuskan untuk merealisasikan MLFF pada Tol Jabodetabek maka sistem harus dilakukan uji coba dan sosialisasi terlebih dahulu kepada masyarakat.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 157,
"width": 469,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Untuk mendukung saran no.3, diharapkan BPJT dapat menggunakan teknologi pendukung yang akurat serta efisien dan dapat meningkatkan teknologi yang digunakan agar tidak terjadi kecurangan dalam bertransaksi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 180,
"width": 470,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Untuk penelitian berikutnya, hendaknya peneliti mengunjungi salah satu perusahaan badan pengurus jalan tol untuk memperluas pengetahuan peneliti mengenai alasan MLFF belum diterapkan di Indonesia, dan untuk memperoleh data lalu lintas, membahas dan melakukan perbandingan kondisi lalu lintas di jalan tol apabila MLFF berhasil diterapkan dengan ahlinya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 238,
"width": 132,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 256,
"width": 467,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemerintah Indonesia. (2005). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 15 Tahun 2005 tentang Jalan Tol. BPJT. (2022, Juni 7). https://bpjt.pu.go.id/ . Retrieved from Badan Pengatur Jalan Tol: https://bpjt.pu.go.id/berita/16- ruas-jalan-tol-baru-selesai-konstruksinya-sepanjang-332-km-hingga-akhir-tahun-2022",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 291,
"width": 470,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "BPJT. (2022, Desember 18). https://bpjt.pu.go.id/ . Retrieved from Badan Pengatur Jalan Tol: https://bpjt.pu.go.id/berita/mlff-modernisasi-sistem-pembayaran-semakin-efisien-berkendara-dan-menjaga- lingkungan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 325,
"width": 467,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Budiharjo, A., & Margarani, S. R. (2019). Kajian Penerapan Multi Lane Free Flow di Indonesia. 14. Gani, I., & Amalia, S. (2015). Alat Analisis Data : Aplikasi Statistik untuk Penelitian Bidang Ekonomi dan Sosial. Yogyakarta: Andi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 360,
"width": 72,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jasa Marga.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 165,
"top": 360,
"width": 376,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(2022). https://www.jasamarga.com/ . Retrieved from Jasa Marga:",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 371,
"width": 186,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://www.jasamarga.com/jalan+tol+jakarta",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 383,
"width": 468,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jasa Marga. (2022). https://www.jasamarga.com/ . Retrieved from Jasa Marga: https://www.jasamarga.com/tol- cawang-tangerang-cengkareng",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 406,
"width": 287,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kusnandar, B. (2022). Ruas Jalan Tol Jabodetabek. Jakarta: Databoks.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 417,
"width": 470,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mustafidah, H., Imantoyo, A., & Suwarsito, S. (2020). Pengembangan Aplikasi Uji T-Satu Sampel Berbasis Web. (Development of Web Based One Sample T-Test Application) , 245. Sugiyono. (2013). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. Bandung:Alfabeta. Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian : Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung : Alfabeta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 463,
"width": 470,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "UMY. (2021, Juni 4). https://elektro.umy.ac.id/ . Retrieved from Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta: https://elektro.umy.ac.id/sistem-kerja-rfid-tag/",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 39,
"width": 175,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendapat Pengguna Jalan Tol Jabodetabek tentang Multi Lane Free Flow",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 416,
"top": 39,
"width": 119,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sunartio dan Putranto (2023)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 297,
"top": 791,
"width": 17,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "924",
"type": "Page footer"
}
] |
054ee405-5441-a885-84e8-5024bdfea7da | http://journal.iaincurup.ac.id/index.php/ARABIYATUNA/article/download/175/130 | [
{
"left": 94,
"top": 624,
"width": 311,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Arabiyatuna : Jurnal Bahasa Arab , Vol. 1, No. 1, 2017 STAIN Curup|ISSN 2580-5053 (e), 2580-5045 (p) Available online: http://journal.staincurup.ac.id/index.php/arabiyatuna",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 63,
"width": 355,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "al-Akhtha’ al-Lughawiyah al-Syaíáh Fi Isti’mali al-Árabiyah Fi al-Maáhid Bi Indonesiya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 213,
"top": 95,
"width": 73,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Yenni Patriani",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 120,
"width": 218,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Bengkulu [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 228,
"top": 159,
"width": 45,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 173,
"width": 303,
"height": 185,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Arabic language is one of the oldest language in the world and widely spoken across the Globe. Arabic language is not only spoken in Arab countries but in other Muslim’s country like Indonesia and Malaysia as well. It is one of the United nations ‘language and Unesco adopted it as well. We use Arabic words every day in our prayers and duas. But we commit mistakes some time cause of many reasons. Since the language is old, thus it is so rich and well equipped with grammars and vocabulary. The language is deeply influenced Indonesian language. We must care and remember rules and grammars if we want to speak Arabic well. There is method to learn Arabic. In Absence of this method we just learn a little and commit mistakes most of the time. The method that I mentioned above is to reading of language with the reading of culture. Language is closely associated with culture. We cannot learn one without learning other. This is the big reason of committing mistakes even after years and years spent to learn Arabic.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 358,
"width": 303,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Second most important reason to commit mistake is learning the language with the people who are not native. So they just learn the words without sensing the meaning and culture that is reflected in any specific word. Since the researcher has long association and experience of works with Arab, thus can point out the mistakes and can give a right solution of that problem.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 99,
"top": 433,
"width": 303,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Key words: Arabic language. Linguistic error in using of Arabic, United Nations, Cultural association. Unesco.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 231,
"top": 485,
"width": 38,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "صخللدا",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 112,
"top": 513,
"width": 288,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ىص ُتُ لاو ّدعت لا ،ايسينودنبإ ةتَثك ءاطخأ ةَّيبرعلا ةغُّللا ؿامعتسا في تَعاش دقل .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 101,
"top": 534,
"width": 299,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "امو ،اهيف باوَّصلا لىإ داشرلإاو ،اهيلع ويبنَّتلاو ،اهِفينصتو اهعم ِتّ ةثحابلا تَّمتىاف ةغل ،داَّضلا ةغل في ءاطخلأا نم جِعزلدا ّمكلا اذى عويش لىإ تَّدأ تيلا بابسلأا ّمىأ الله تلااسر رِخآ – َّزع َّجوو - تُلسرلداو ءايِبنلأا تماخ ىلع ةلَّزنلدا الله دابع اهغلبيل . تُسرادلا ديفي لا ةفاقثلا سيردت فود ةغللا سيردتنأ ةثحابلا تكردأو",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 35,
"width": 252,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "2 |Arabiyatuna: Jurnal Bahasa Arab , Vol. 1, No. 1, 2017",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 63,
"width": 300,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "سيردت ةباثبم دعي فياقثلا اىاوتلز سيردت فود نم ةغللا سيردت فأ امك ، ةلاعف ةروصب",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 84,
"width": 73,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "تٌعم الذ سيل زومر .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 84,
"width": 304,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ةيميلعتلا تاسسؤلدا مظعم فأ ةعئاشلا ءاطخلأا هذى بابسأ نمو ةيبرعلا ةغللا يسردم مظعم ّفأو ،ةغلل فياقث بناتّ متته لا ةيبرعلا سردت تيلا ايسنودنبإ ةغللا جىأ اوسيلو دلبلا جىأ مى ايسينودنإ في . عم اولماعتي فأ ملذ قبس نم مهنم جيلقو ةليوط ةدلد برعلا .",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 102,
"top": 147,
"width": 234,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "مىافتلا ءوس لىإ يدؤي ؼوس اهتفاقث فود ةغللا مّلعت فإف ّثم نمو .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 168,
"width": 301,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ةيملع تافقو ةثحابلا فقت ةلاقلدا هذى في كلذلو براتج ىلع ةدمتعم ةيفاقث ةيملع",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 228,
"top": 189,
"width": 172,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ةليوط تاتًف ؿلاخ برعلا عم جماعتلا في تُفلؤلدا",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 221,
"top": 189,
"width": 7,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": ".",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 210,
"width": 55,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ةسيئرلا ةملكلا",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 152,
"top": 210,
"width": 193,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": ": ايسينودنبإ دىاعلدا ،ةيبرعلا ؿامعتسا ،ةيوغللا ءاطخلأا",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 392,
"top": 243,
"width": 36,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ةمدقلدا",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 271,
"width": 285,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "رضالحا انموي في ةّيبرعلا مّلعتل ةيملاسلإا ةّملأا ةساحم ترهظ دقل",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 271,
"width": 33,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "- اذىو",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 298,
"width": 359,
"height": 240,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ويلع لله ركشلا ـزلي تيلا عئاقولا نم – دىاعلدا ءاشنإ ديادزا رهظ ثيح ـولعلاو ةّيبرعلا ةغّللا مىءانبأو فوملسلدا اهيف مّلعتي تيّلا ةّيملاسلإا سرادلداو ةّيعرّشلا . ،وتغلب ةباتكلاو ملكتلا في قطاّنلا ابه كّسمتي تيلا اىدعاوق ةغل جكل ّفإ ّياريرتُ و اّيهفش ةغل جك ةّص اهيلع تٍبني سسأ دعاوقلاف . فأ يِغْبي نلد يغبْنيو ،ةباوصلا تاتَبعتلا ابه وملاك في ـدختسي فأ ةصيصفلا ةّيبرعلا ةغّللبا مّلكتي جكل اىدعاوق ةاعارم نم ّدب لا اّيهفش ـأ فاك ّياريرتُ ةنّيعم ةغلب باوصلا تَبعتلاو اتهياوتسم نم ىوتسم . ىوتسلداو ،بييكتًلا ىوتسلدا نم ّدعي ام ةغلب تَبعتلا و اهم تُثصبلدا نمضتي بييكتًلا",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 274,
"top": 513,
"width": 26,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "لاوأ :",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": 513,
"width": 361,
"height": 79,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "جك رودو ىرغصلا بيكاتًلاو ةلملجا ءانب ـاظن في ءزو جك رثأ و ،ضعبب اهضعب ةلملجا ءازوأ ةقلاع و ،ءانبلا اذى في ءزو ةيبارعلإا ةملاعلبا ةيانعلا عم رخلآا .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 35,
"width": 274,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Yenni Patriani- Al- Akhtha’ al-Lughawiyah al- Sya’í’ah Fi ..| 3",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 63,
"width": 361,
"height": 232,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "وتفاقث بعش جكلو ىلع ةفاقثلا هذى سكعنتو ، هتَغ نع ابه زيمتي تيلا بوعشلا اهمدختست تيلا ةليسولا يى عمتجيدأ في ةغللاف ، بعشلا اذى ةغل ر انعلا نع تَبعتلل ةفاقثلل ةفلتخلدا : اهنيناوقو اىديلاقتو اهميىافمو اتهاداع . في ةعئاشلا ةيوغللا ءاطخلأا ضعب ـدقت فأ ةثحابلا ّدوت ةلاقلدا هذى فيو دهاعملا اتهالجاعمو ايسينودنبإ ةيملاسلإا سرادلداو . ةلاقلدا هذى فوكت فأ ىسع اىأرقي نلدو ةثحابلل ةديفم . ثحبلدا لّولأا بلطلدا :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 264,
"width": 357,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ةيبرعلا ةغللا في ةعئاشلا ءاطخلأا بابسأ ةيميلعتلا تاسسؤلدا مظعم فأ ةليوط تُنس ذنم ةثحابلا تدىاش دقلو ةغللا يسردم مظعم ّفأو ،ةغلل فياقث بناتّ متته لا ةيبرعلا سردت تيلا ايسنودنبإ ةغللا جىأ اوسيلو دلبلا جىأ مى ايسينودنإ في ةيبرعلا . ملذ قبس نم مهنم جيلقو",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 373,
"width": 361,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ةليوط ةدلد برعلا عم اولماعتي فأ . تَبعتلا في ةبوع فوسردلدا ءلاؤى ديج امدنعو فود ةيدرف تالجاعبم فوموقي منهإف راكفلأا نم ةركف وأ نياعلدا نم تٌعم نع يى تالجاعلدا كلت نمو ،تُيل لأا تُقطانلا لىإ ءوجللا :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 415,
"top": 453,
"width": 13,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "1 .",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 453,
"width": 355,
"height": 79,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ةيبرعلا ةغللا لىإ ةيسينودنلإا ةغللا نم ةيفرلحا ةجمتًلا ةقيرط . لىإ يدؤي اذىو دوصقلدا تٌعملل ةبسانلدا ةملكلا راتخا في أطخ . 2 .",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 507,
"width": 333,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "تُقطانلا لىإ ةعوارلدا فود تَبعتلا ةغاي في ةيفرصلا دعاوقلا ىلع دامتعلاا",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 70,
"top": 534,
"width": 340,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "تُيل لأا . جخاد وأ ايّللز طقف ةفورعم ةديدو تاملك دايجإ لىإ يدؤي اذىو ،وباص أو تحمر ،تياادى ( 2016 ) ملاكلا ةراهم تاركاو ، : ص،زاجلحا ةعبطم . 2",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 35,
"width": 252,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "4 |Arabiyatuna: Jurnal Bahasa Arab , Vol. 1, No. 1, 2017",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 63,
"width": 301,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "تُقطانلا دنع ةلمعتسم تَغو ةبيرغ اهنكلو يسينودنلإا نطولا راطإ تُيل لأا",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 366,
"top": 90,
"width": 62,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": ". 3 .",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 117,
"width": 339,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "روطتلا ةعباتم ـدعو يل لأا اهعورم لىإ عوورلا فود مواعم ىلع دامتعلاا",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 144,
"width": 362,
"height": 106,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "يوغللا . ،ةتَثك ءاطخأ ةَّيبرعلا ةغُّللا في َعاش دقل ضعب َّمتىاف ،ىص ُتُ لاو ّدعت لا ءاملعلا - اًثيدحو اًيددق - ،اهيلع ويبنَّتلاو ،اهِفينصتو اهعم ِتّ باوَّصلا لىإ داشرلإاو اهيف .",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 252,
"width": 355,
"height": 226,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ةلوادتلدا ةيبرعلا تاملكلا ضعب عجم لىإ ةثحابلا عفدت ةرىاظلا هذهف دنع ةبيرغ انهأ وأ ةيبرعلا فادلبلا في ةعئاش تَغ اهنكلو ايسينودنإ جخاد اتَثك برعلا . ةعماو في ةيبرعلا ةغللا مّلعت ءانثأ ةبرلخا يى ةساردلا هذى عوارم نمو ةّ الخا متهاكرشوأ مهبتاكم في برعلا عم ةثحابلا شياعتو تاركاتّ دوعس نب محمد ةيملاسلإا يلع فيرش فاطلسلا ةعماو في ةيبرعلا ةغللا مّلعت ءانثأ ةّماعلاو ـدقتلدا ىوتسملل ةيبرعلا باتك و ،ـلاسلا راد يناوبرب \" ـلاكلا ةراهم \" ةعبطم يمركلا فآرقلاو ،زاجلحا . نياثلا بلطلدا :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 197,
"top": 452,
"width": 160,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ةيبرعلا لامعتسا في ءاطخلأا جذانم",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 480,
"width": 355,
"height": 133,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ظافللأا في ءاطخلأا 1 . فولوقي \" سيلوب \" ام وأ يلخادلا نكسلا ةسارتْ فوفّلكم دارفأ وب فودصقيو ةيسينودنلإبا ؿوقن piket jaga \" \" ج أ نم بّرعم ظفل ةقيقلحا في اذىو ، يزيلنجإ \" police \" ىلع رهسلاو ظافلحبا ةفلكلدا ةسسؤلدا دارفأ تٍعي يذلاو بعشلا ةملاس . ؿوقن فأ باوصلاو \" : سراح \"",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 35,
"width": 274,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Yenni Patriani- Al- Akhtha’ al-Lughawiyah al- Sya’í’ah Fi ..| 5",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 335,
"top": 63,
"width": 93,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "2 . فولوقي \" فّفلر \"",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 63,
"width": 249,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ةيسينودنلإبا ؿوقن ام وأ فيفجتلا فاكم وب فودصقيو",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 90,
"width": 362,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "\" tempat menjemur \" أطخ اذىو ; ظفل ّفلأ \" فّفلر \" تٍعي \" jemuran \" ؿوقن فأ باوصلاو \": رَشْنَم \" وأ \" جيسغلا رَشْنَم .\" 3 . فولوقي \" ةَمَلْقِم \" أطخ اذىو ،ةروبسلا ملق وب فودصقيو ; ظفل ّفلأ \" ةَمَلْقِم \" ؿوقن فأ باوصلاو رافظلأا ميلقتل ةلآ وأ ملقلا ةظفلز تٍعي \": ملق \" وأ فوكيف ةروبسلا ظفل ويلإ ؼاضي \" ةروبسلا ملق \" 4 . فولوقي \" راظْنِم \"",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 225,
"width": 260,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ىلع رصبلا ءافعضلا صاخشلأا دعاستل ةلآ وب فودصقيو",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 82,
"top": 252,
"width": 328,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "أطخ اذىو ، حوضوب ةيؤرلاو ةءارقلا ; ظفل ّفلأ \" راظْنِم \" ج لأا في تٍعي",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 279,
"width": 357,
"height": 240,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "اهمدختسي ةادأ وأ مسلجا ضوح ؼاشكتسلا بيبطلا اهمدختسي ةادأ نم حوضوب فانيعلا اىارت لا تيلا ةتَغصلا وأ ةديعبلا ءايشلأا لىإ رظنلل سانلا انهود . ؿوقن فأ باوصلاو \": ةَراّظَن \" 5 . فولوقي \" فلاعلإا \" تاهيووتلاو رماولأا ؿاصيلإ \" . فلاعلإا \" هرشني ام وى في وأ فويزفلتلاو ويدارلاو فصصلا في ة الخاو ةيسمرلا تاسسؤلدا وأ راجتلا ىلع عّزوت وأ ،رئاودلا باوبأ ىلع وأ عراوشلا في فاردلجا ىلع قّلعت تارشن ةلفح لىإ ةوعد وأ ةعاضبل ايجورت سانلا . ظفل ـدختسي دقو \" لاعلإا \" ـادختسلاا جيلق ضرغلا اذى نكلو ،رمبأ ـلاعلإ كلذك . ظفللا امنيب ظفل وى رمبأ ـلاعلإا دنع برعلا دنع ؼورعلدا \" تاميلعتلا .\"",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 35,
"width": 252,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "6 |Arabiyatuna: Jurnal Bahasa Arab , Vol. 1, No. 1, 2017",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 271,
"top": 63,
"width": 157,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ةييمداكأ تاحلطصم في ءاطخلأا 1 . فولوقي : \" ةيونثا ةسردم \"",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 70,
"top": 91,
"width": 226,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "وأ يئادتبلاا دعب ام ةلحرلد ةسردم وب نودصقيو",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": 118,
"width": 361,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ةيسينودنلإبا لوقن ام \" SMP \" ؿوقن فأ باوصلاو ،أطخ اذىو \": ةسردم ةيدادعإ \" وأ \" ةطسوتم ةسردم .\" 2 . فولوقي \" ةيلاع ةسردم \"",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 174,
"width": 236,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ام وأ ةيدادعلإا دعب ام ةلحرلد ةسردم وب فودصقيو",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 201,
"width": 362,
"height": 378,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ةيسينودنلإبا ؿوقن \" SMA \" ؿوقن فأ باوصلاو ،أطخ اذىو : \" ةسردم ةيونثا .\" 3 . فولوقي \" ناويد \" 4 . ةيلمعل فاكم وب فودصقيو قيقتُ ؼادىلأا ةموسرلدا لالاغتسبا دراولد ،ةحاتلدا قفو جهنم ،دّد ُلز نمضو ةئيب ةنيعم ةرادلإاو عرف نم ـولعلا ،ةيعامتولاا يىو اًضيأ ةيلمع طيطختلا ميظنتلاو قيسنتلاو ويووتلاو ةباقرلاو ىلع دراولدا ةيدالدا ةيرشبلاو ؿو ولل لىإ جضفأ جئاتنلا رصقبأ ؽرطلا جقأو فيلاكتلا ةيدالدا . ؿوقن فأ باوصلاو ،أطخ اذىو : \" ةرادإ .\" امأ \" فاويد \" وهف زاهو يرادإ نّمضم فّوكتي نم ردصلا مظعلأا دارفأو ةقبطلا ةمكالحا . نمو ب ردصلا مظعلأا وى ىلعأ ب انم ةلودلا دعب بصنم ،فاطلسلا فاكو نم أوبتي اذى بصنلدا بعلي رود سيئر ءارزولا سيئرو ،فاويدلا نمو ايحلا ييعتته ةداقن وشيلجا عيجم باص أ ب انلدا ةيرادلإا ةيزكرلدا وأ ةيميلقلإاوأ ةيسينودنلإبا ؿوقن ام \" Dewan .\" ّتُعم فاكم فاويدلاو ،ّمعأو جشمأ ةرادلإاف فادوسلا في ةاكزلا فاويد جثم ،صخأو .",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 35,
"width": 274,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Yenni Patriani- Al- Akhtha’ al-Lughawiyah al- Sya’í’ah Fi ..| 7",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 302,
"top": 63,
"width": 127,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ةيمويلا ةثدالمحا في ءاطخلأا 1 . فولوقي : \" تُمملتحا \"",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 198,
"top": 118,
"width": 212,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "أطخ اذىو ،ـانلدا في يداعلا ياؤرلا وب فودصقيو",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 118,
"width": 349,
"height": 192,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "; ةملك ّفلأ \" تملتحا \" ّنس لىإ ج و امدنع دلولا اىاري تيلا ياؤرلا ىلع ةللادلل ابلاغ جمعتسُت غولبلا . ؿوقن فأ باوصلاو : \" تُمْمتُلحَح \" 2 . فولوقي : \" اذى دعب كتُفِتاىتُأس \" وب فودصقيو \" فتالذا برع كب جصّتأس .\" ةملك اوفّر مهّلع كلذ ببسو \" فتاى \" فزو في اىوعضوو لاعف اىولعوو \" جعاف - جعافي \" 3 . فولوقي : \" فوروج نم تُمئج \"",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 102,
"top": 309,
"width": 290,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "دنع داتعم تَغ تَبعتلا اذىو ،اهيف دلو تيلا ةنيدلدا وأ ج لأا ركذ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 163,
"top": 336,
"width": 266,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ؿوقن فأ باوصلاو ،برعلا \": ةنيدم نم ناأ Curup . 4 . فولوقي : \" يسينودنإ نم ناأ \"",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 391,
"width": 363,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "أطخ اذىو ،ونم ءاو يذلا دلبلا وب فودصقيو ; ظفل ّفلأ \" يسينودنإ \" ّؿدي ةيسنلجا ىلع . ؿوقن فأ باوصلاو : \" ايسينودنإ نم ناأ \" وأ \" ناأ يسينودنإ .\" 5 . فولوقي : \" اذك ةعماج في ابلاط منك \"",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 501,
"width": 338,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ثديح انىو ،ابه سردي ؿزي لمو ةعمالجا كلتب بلاط فلآا ونأ وب فودصقيو",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 260,
"top": 528,
"width": 151,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "يونعم أطخ ; ظفل ّفلأ \" ُتنك \"",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 528,
"width": 174,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "وب فودصقي منهأ عم يضالدا ىلع ؿدي",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 554,
"width": 338,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ؿوقن فأ باوصلاو ،رضالحا تقولا في ظفللا تٌعم : \" ةعماج في بلاط ناأ اذك \"",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 35,
"width": 252,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "8 |Arabiyatuna: Jurnal Bahasa Arab , Vol. 1, No. 1, 2017",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 63,
"width": 289,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "6 . فولوقي : \" الله ةيادى فيرش ةيملاسلإا ةعمالجا في سردأ ناأ \"",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 91,
"width": 363,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ؿوقن فأ باوصلاو : \" ِةيملاسلإا الله ةيادى فيرشِةعماج في سردأ ناأ .\" 7 . فولوقي : \" ناحتملاا كترشأ نأ ديرأ \" جعف يّدعت ـدع انى أطلخاو \" ؾتًشا \" ؼرتْ \" في \" ؿوقن فأ باوصلاو ، : \" ناحتملاا في كترشأ نأ ديرأ .\" 8 . فولوقي : \" لاوأ ناأ \"",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 229,
"width": 341,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ةلجم نم ةيفرح ةجمرت ةلملجا هذىو ،ؼارصنلال فاذئتسلاا كلذب فودصقيو",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 314,
"top": 256,
"width": 96,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "\" saya duluan ya .\"",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 256,
"width": 362,
"height": 353,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "فاذئتسلال ولامعتسا انمإو أطخ سيل تَبعتلا اذى امدنع مىافتلا ءوس لىإ يّدؤي دق امم وفقوم في سيلو بسانم تَغ ؼارصنلال بيرعل ؿوقن . ؿوقن فأ باوصلاو : \" نذأتسأ \" وأ \" الله كعدوتسأ \" وأ \" نع كنذإ .\" 9 . فولوقي : \" طقف دوجوم دوجوم منأ \" وأ \" لاكشأو عاونأ منأ \" ام وأ ، ةيسينودنلإبا ؿوقن \" kamu ada - ada saja \" وأ \" kamu macam - macam saja \" دحلأ ةفارظلا وأ ةبارغلا ةف ؽالحإ وب فوديريو . وعمست لم يوغل ءاتًفا اذىو ايسينودنبإ ةيملاسلإا دىاعلدا في ّلاإ ةثحابلا . ؿوقن فأ باوصلاو : \" بيرغ منأ \" 10 . فولوقي : \" حابصلدا لعشأ \" حابصلدا جيغشت وب فودصقيو . بسانم تَغ اذهف ; جعف ّفلأ \" جعشأ \" ؿوقن فأ باوصلاو ،رانلا ؿاعشلإ ابلاغ ـدختسي : \" حابصلدا لِّغش \" وأ \" رونلا حتفا .\"",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 35,
"width": 274,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Yenni Patriani- Al- Akhtha’ al-Lughawiyah al- Sya’í’ah Fi ..| 9",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 329,
"top": 63,
"width": 99,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "11 . فولوقي : \" نيعبتا \"",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 91,
"width": 338,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "بسانم تَغ اذىو ،اعم باىذلا وأ ةكراشملل ةوعدلا وب فودصقيو ; فلأ جعف \" عبت \" هرثأ في راس وأ دحأ فلخ يشلدا تٍعي . بيرغ ؿامعتسلاا اذىو",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 145,
"width": 135,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ةيمويلا مهتثدالز في برعلا دنع",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 145,
"width": 362,
"height": 190,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": ". ؿوقن فأ باوصلاو : \" يعم لاعت \" وأ \" اّيى اًاعم يشنم \" 12 . فولوقي : \" يخأ يا كيفعتسأ \" وفعلا بلط وب فودصقيو . ؿامعتسلاا اذىو – اصيص فاك فإو - تَغ وّنكل ؿوقن فأ نسصتسيو ،برعلا دنع ؼولأم : \" يخأ يا اوفع \" وأ \" نيمحاس \" وأ \" فسآ \" 13 . فولوقي : \" عودصم ناأ \"",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 337,
"width": 362,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "تَغ ونكلو حيص ةقيقلحا في اذىو ،سأرلا في عووي ةبا لإا وب فودصقيو ؿوقن فأ نسحلأاو ،برعلا دنع ؼولأم : \" عادص يدنع \" وأ \" نيتُمِلؤتُي يسأر نيتُعِّجحَوتُ ي وأ .\" 14 . فولوقي : \" اّدج يمدق ملكتي رضالمحا \"",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 176,
"top": 447,
"width": 234,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "أطخ اذىو ،وملاك في جيطي رضالمحا فأ وب فودصقيو",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 447,
"width": 360,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "; ظفل فلأ \" يمدق \" تٍعي جيوط ٌنمز هدووو ىلع ىضم ام . ؿوقن فأ باوصلاو : \" في ليطي رضالمحا ملاكلا \" وأ \" ادج لّوطم رضالمحا \" 15 . فولوقي : \" يمدق يشيم وى \" أطخ اذىو ،ءطبلا وب فودصقيو . ؿوقن فأ باوصلاو \": ائيطب يشيم وى ادج .\"",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 35,
"width": 258,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "10 |Arabiyatuna: Jurnal Bahasa Arab , Vol. 1, No. 1, 2017",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 78,
"top": 63,
"width": 350,
"height": 190,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "16 . فولوقي : \" اّدج يمدق منأ اذالد \" راظتنلاا في مّلكتلدا ؿاط تىح ؿاطأ بطاخلدا فأ وب فودصقيو . باوصلاو ؿوقن فأ : \" ؟ايرثك حَترّختأ اذالد \" وأ \" ؟ادج لوطم منأ اذالد \" 17 . فولوقي \": ادج ةعرس \" طلغ اذىو ; ظفل فلأ \" ةعرس \" ،ؽايسلا اذى عم بسانم تَغ وىو ردصم ؿوقن فأ باوصلاو : \" ادج عيرس \" 18 . فولوقي : \" طقف ءاوس \"",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 255,
"width": 309,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "يسينودنإ بيكرت نم ةيفرح ةجمرت نع ةرابع ونكل ـوهفم تَبعتلا اذىو",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 255,
"width": 357,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "\" sama saja \" ؿوقن فأ باوصلاو ، : \" ءيشلا سفن \" وأ \" وى وى .\" 19 . فولوقي : \" يرغص وناسنإ \"",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 337,
"width": 359,
"height": 269,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ةيفرح ةجمرت تَبعتلا اذىو ،ومسو مجح وأ دحأ ةماق حيضوت وب فودصقيو يسينودنإ بيكرت نم \" orangnya kecil \" طلغ تَبعتلا اذهف ، . فأ باوصلاو ؿوقن : \" ؟ةماقلا يرصق وى وأ \" يرغص ومسج \" 20 . فولوقي : \" وتكرش ةيهمأ نع ةكرشلا ماع ريدم ثّدتح .\" ةملك ـادختسا في انى أطلخا \" ـاع \" ةملك دعب \" ريدم \" ؿوقن فأ باوصلاو ، : ّماعلا ةكرشلا ريدم وأ ---- < ةكرشلل ماعلا ريدلدا . ةملك ّفأ ،انى أطلخا ببسو \" ـاع \" تُب تلصف دق جذومنلا في ةملك وىو ،ؼاضلدا \" ريدم \" ويلإ ؼاضلدا تُبو \" ةكرشلا \" رّبرم فود نم ؼاضلداو ؼاضلدا تُب جّصفت ةملك ّيأ ّفإف كلذلو ،ّياوغل زويج لا كلذو ةدحاولا ةملكلاك اهمو ويلإ",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 110,
"top": 581,
"width": 186,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "- رّبرم فود نم تماد ام ّياوغل أطخ ّدعت",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 101,
"top": 581,
"width": 10,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": ".",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 35,
"width": 280,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Yenni Patriani- Al- Akhtha’ al-Lughawiyah al- Sya’í’ah Fi ..| 11",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 361,
"top": 64,
"width": 67,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "21 . فولوقي \":",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 81,
"top": 63,
"width": 276,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "راد يناورب ةعماج منلعأ ابه ليجستلا ببا ّنأ ملاسلا",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 74,
"top": 91,
"width": 354,
"height": 300,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "هاروتكدلا تىحو سناسيللا نم ةّيملعلا تاجردلا عيملج حوتفم .\" اهم ،فآطخ ويف جذومنلا اذى : أ . ىلع ةفطاعلا واولا ؿوخد \" تىح \" ةياغلا ديفت تيلا . ب . ـادختسا \" تىح \" دعب \" نم \" ةياغلا ءادتبلا تيلا . ؿوقن فأ باوصلاو : هاروتكدلا لىإ سناسيللا نم . 22 . فولوقي \": ؟لاقتبرلا وأ حافتلا ّبتحأ \" ةملك في انى أطلخا \" وأ \" ةملك اىدعب تيتأ ـاهفتسلاا ةزهم ّفلأ \" ـأ \" تيتأ لاو ةملك اىدعب \" وأ \" تُيعتلا انى ةزملذبا ؿاؤسلا نم دارلدا فاك اذإ اميس لاو ، . 23 . فولوقي \" : مويلا اذى كياؤر نيترس دقل \" . ةملك في جذومنلا اذى في أطلخا \" ؾياؤر \" باوصلاو \" كتيؤر \" عم قفّتت تيلا ّفلأ ؛ تَبعتلا ؽايس \" ياؤرلا \"",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 363,
"width": 207,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "،وتظقي في لا ومانم في مئانلا هاري ام ىلع ّؿدت",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 169,
"top": 390,
"width": 259,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "امنيب \" ةيؤر \" وتظقي ؿاح هرصبب فاسنلإا هاري ام ديفت . 24 . فولوقي \":",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 83,
"top": 416,
"width": 277,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "احابص ةعبارلا ةعاسلا تىح ةنماثلا ةعاسلا نم سمأ تركاذ",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 416,
"width": 359,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "\" . ةملك في جذومنلا اذى في أطلخا \" ّتىح \" تيتأ فأ زويج لا وّنلأ \" تىح \" دعب \" نم \" ةياغلا ءادتبلا تيلا . ؿوقن فأ انى باوصلاو : ةعبارلا ةعاسلا لىإ سيلو ، \" تىح \" ةعبارلا ةعاسلا .",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 35,
"width": 258,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "12 |Arabiyatuna: Jurnal Bahasa Arab , Vol. 1, No. 1, 2017",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 63,
"width": 359,
"height": 134,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "25 . فولوقي \": ؟دحمأ يا لوقت ام ىلع كليلد وى ام \" جصفلا تَمض ؿامعتسا في انى أطلخا \" وى \" دعب \" ام \" ّحصي لا وّنلأ ؛ ؿامعتسا \" وى – يى – مى – ّنى \" دعب \" ام \" عضاوم نم سيل كلذ ّفلأ ؛ جصفلا تَمض ؿامعتسا . ؿوقن فأ باوصلاو :",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 172,
"width": 342,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "؟ دحمأ يا لوقت ام ىلع كليلد ام رلجا فورح تلاامعتسا فيو ةيحلاطصلاا لاعفلأا في ءاطخلأا ّرلجا ؼرتْ ةّيّدعتلدا ؿاعفلأا نم ّدعت يى اتهاذ ةيحلاط لاا ؿاعفلأا .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 159,
"top": 266,
"width": 269,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "جثم ،ةرشابم ؿوعفلدا لىإ ىّدعتي ام ونم جعفلا ّفأ ؼرعي امك",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 266,
"width": 355,
"height": 139,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": ": ّبيّنلا دىاو جثم ،ّرلجا ؼرتْ ولوعفم لىإ ىّدعتي ام ونم و ،راّفكلا : ىلع ّيلع سليج في ةرشتنم ءاطخأ ؾانى ّفأ ّلاإ ،ملعلا بلط في ٌّيلع بغري و ،ّيسركلا امزلا ّرلجا ؼرتْ ّياّدعتم لاعف ب ّلاّطلا جمعتسي دقف ؿاعفلأا هذى جثم ؿامعتسا ّرلجا ؼرح ؾاذ ؼذتْ , ةحاصفلا نم اذى سيل و . نيذلّا ءاملعلا نم و",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 400,
"width": 356,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ؿاق ثيح رشب ؿامك ءاطخلأا هذى فوظِحلاي \": بلاطلا ؿامعتسا رثكي نم الذ رّرق ام تَغ في وأ يمدقلا في ةفولأم تَغ رو في ةمزلالاو ةيدعتلدا ؿاعفلأل ةّيونحو ةّيفر دعاوق",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 332,
"top": 454,
"width": 10,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": ".",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 454,
"width": 356,
"height": 169,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "،ةثيدلحا بيلاسلأا في دئاّسلا ؼرعلا فوعبّتي كلذ في مىو فود تُفّقثلدا نم ةقبط ّصتخ تسيل ،ةّماع ةرىاظ ؿامعتسلاا اذى حب أ ثيتْ ىرخلأا . ؿامعتسلاا اذى طانمأ مىلأ ةلثمأ يلي اميفو . أ . ونح ،رلجا ؼرتْ يادعتم ـزلالا جعفلا تييأ دق : رشب ؿامك . سد . ةغللا ملع في تاسارد . رشنلا و ةعابطلل بيرغ راد . ص . 285 .",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 35,
"width": 280,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Yenni Patriani- Al- Akhtha’ al-Lughawiyah al- Sya’í’ah Fi ..| 13",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 63,
"width": 353,
"height": 79,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "\" ةتَثك عوارم في ثصبلا دعب ةقيقلحا نم تدّكتأ \" ّفأ ؼورعلداو \" دّكتأ \" ـزلا وهف ،دكأ جعفلل عواطم . ب .",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 117,
"width": 310,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "لىإ وسفنب ّيادعتم ـزلالا جعفلا جعو ؿامعتسلاا في قباسلا نم رثكأو",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 325,
"top": 144,
"width": 85,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "تَمض وأ رىاظسما .",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 83,
"top": 144,
"width": 242,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "وىو ،وسفنب ّياّدعتم ّرلجا ؼرتْ ّيّدعتلدا جعفلا جعجيف",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 171,
"width": 351,
"height": 242,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "جثم ،تَثك : \" ةتَثك عوارم تجتحا \" \" ةرّخأتم ةعاس في ةرىاقلا تل و .\" 1 . فولوقي : \" مّلعلدا نم منذأتسا دق .\" ةملك ـادختسا في أطلخا \" نم \" جعفلا دعب ( فذأتسا ) فللأا ةدياز فلأ ؛ يّدعتلدا لىإ ـزلالا جعفلا جقنت بلطلل تناك اذإ ءاتلاو تُسلاو . باوصلاو ؿوقن فأ : بلاطلا ؿاق : \" مّلعلدا منذأتسا دق .\" 2 . فولوقي \" :",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 211,
"top": 387,
"width": 151,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "مويلا روضلحا نع ذاتسلأا رذتعا",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": 387,
"width": 344,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": ".\" فآطخ ويف جذومنلا اذى : روضلحا ـدع نع ذاتسلأا راذتعا فأ ،ؿّولأا ؿوقن فأ باوصلاف ؛ روضلحا نع سيلو : روضلحا ـدع نع ذاتسلأا رذتعا . نياثلا : رلجا ؼرح ـادختسا \" نع \" جعفلا دعب \" رذتعا \" باوصلاو ، ـادختسا \" نم \" سيلو \" نع .\" ؿوقن فأ باوصلاو : مدع نم ذاتسلأا رذتعا مويلا روضلحا",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 35,
"width": 258,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "14 |Arabiyatuna: Jurnal Bahasa Arab , Vol. 1, No. 1, 2017",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 63,
"width": 362,
"height": 277,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "3 . فولوقي \": ليلد نودب اهيأر نع ةيادلذا رون مثّدتح \" . رلجا ؼرح ؿامعتسا في انى أطلخاو \" ءابلا \" عم \" فود \" فأ ؼورعلدا فلأ ؛ \" فود \" ّرتج وأ ةيفرظلا ىلع بصنت فأ اّمإ ب \" نم \" لا \" ءابلا \" ؿوقن فأ باوصلاو : ليلد نود اهيأر نع ةيادلذا رون مثّدتح وأ ، \" نم ليلد نود .\" لىاعت ؿاق \": 4 . فولوقي : \" ِسردلانع ِذاتسلأا لىإ لأس .\" رلجا ؼرح ؿامعتسا في انى أطلخاو \" لىإ \" جعفلا دعب \" ؿأس \" ; ٍدعتم جعف ونلأ . ؿوقن فأ باوصلاو \": \" ِسردلا نع حَذاتسلأا لأس .\" لىاعت ؿاق : (( احَذِإحَو بٌبيِرحَق ِّنيِ حَف ِّنيحَع يِداحَبِع حَكحَلحَأحَس )) 5 . فولوقي : \" ااًملق كيلإ انيطعأ ننح .\"",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 67,
"top": 337,
"width": 361,
"height": 286,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "جعفلا دعب رلجا ؼرح ـادختسا في انى أطلخا \" ىطعأ \" ; جعف جعفلا اذى ّفلأ ّرلجا ؼرح ـدختسي فأ ّحصي لاو تُنثا تُلوعفم لىإ جاتيح ٍّدعتم . لىاعت ؿاق :( ( َرَػثْوَكْلا َؾَانْيَطْعَأ ّناِإ )) \" ؾ \" و ،ؿّوأ وب ؿوعفم جصتم تَمض \" رثوكلا \" ٍف وب ؿوعفم ’ 6 . فولوقي : \" ويبأ لىإ دلولا لاق \" وأ \" ويبأ عم دلولا لاق \" رلجا ؼرح ـادختسا في انى أطلخا \" لىإ \" وأ \" عم \" جعفلا دعب \" ؿاق \" ، رلجا ؼرح ـدختسي فأ حيصصلاو \" ـلالا \" جعفلا دعب \" ؿاق .\" ؿوقنف \": لاق ةرقبلا ىروس : 186 رثوكلا ةروس : 1",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 35,
"width": 280,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "Yenni Patriani- Al- Akhtha’ al-Lughawiyah al- Sya’í’ah Fi ..| 15",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 63,
"width": 338,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ويبلأ دلولا .\" لىاعت ؿاق : (( ِضْرَْلأا ِفي ٌجِعاَو ِّنيِإ ِةَكِئ َلاَمْلِل َكُّبَر َؿاَق ْذِإَو ًةَفيِلَخ )) اضيأ ؿاقو : ((",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 118,
"width": 320,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "َّفِإ َِّللَِّبا ْؾِرْشُت لا ََّتٍُػب َيا ُوُظِعَي َوُىَو ِوِنْب ِلا ُفاَمْقُل َؿاَق ْذِإَو ٌميِظَع ٌمْلُظَل َؾْرِّشلا",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 325,
"top": 145,
"width": 103,
"height": 68,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": ")) ةتمالخا",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 214,
"width": 359,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "نم ددع ولذب طيسب دهو نع ةرابع ةثحابلا اهتبتك تيلا ةلاقلدا هذى لم نيذلا بلاطلاو تُسردلدا ىدل ةيوغللا ةءافكلا تُستُ جوأ نم ةيبرعلل تُيبلمحا ـأ دلابلا جخاد في فاك ءاوس ةرشابم برعلا يديأ نم ملعلا يقلتب اوطيخ اهوراخ . اوسيلو دلبلا جىأ مى ايسينودنإ في ةيبرعلا ةغللا يسردم مظعم فإو امدنع اذلو ،ةليوط ةدلد برعلا عم اولماعتي فأ ملذ قبس نم مهنم جيلقو ،ةغللا لىإ ءوجللا فود ةيدرف تالجاعبم فوموقيف تَبعتلا في ةبوع فوسردلدا ءلاؤى ديج يى تالجاعلدا كلت نمو ،تُيل لأا تُقطانلا",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 376,
"width": 357,
"height": 247,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": ": 1 . ةيبرعلا ةغللا لىإ ةيسينودنلإا ةغللا نم ةيفرلحا ةجمتًلا ةقيرط . 2 . تُقطانلا لىإ ةعوارلدا فود تَبعتلا ةغاي في ةيفرصلا دعاوقلا ىلع دامتعلاا تُيل لأا . 3 . روطتلا ةعباتم ـدعو يل لأا اهعورم لىإ عوورلا فود مواعم ىلع دامتعلاا يوغللا . ةرقبلا ةروس : 30 فامقل ةروس : 13",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 35,
"width": 258,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "16 |Arabiyatuna: Jurnal Bahasa Arab , Vol. 1, No. 1, 2017",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 198,
"top": 63,
"width": 216,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "اهنمف ،ةيبرعلا ؿامعتسا في ءاطخلأا جذانم امأو :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 259,
"top": 90,
"width": 169,
"height": 106,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "ظافللأا في ءاطخلأا 1 . ةييدداكأ تاصلطصم في ءاطخلأا 2 . ةيمويلا ةثدالمحا في ءاطخلأا 3 .",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 127,
"top": 171,
"width": 279,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "رلجا ؼورح تلاامعتسا فيو ةيحلاط لاا ؿاعفلأا في ءاطخلأا",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 391,
"top": 210,
"width": 37,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "عجارلدا",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 367,
"top": 237,
"width": 61,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "يمركلا فآرقلا",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 379,
"top": 265,
"width": 49,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "رشب ؿامك",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 264,
"width": 360,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "، ةغللا ملع في تاسارد ، د ،رشنلا و ةعابطلل بيرغ راد . س ةيبرعلا ةللمجا ددع ، : 451 ضيار ، – ،ةيدوعسلا ةكلملدا 2015 ، تياادى تحمر ،تُتم فايدإ ،تِيح ياأ ملاكلا ةراهم تاركاو ، : ،زاجلحا ةعبطم",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 395,
"top": 347,
"width": 35,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 498,
"page_height": 708,
"text": "2016",
"type": "Picture"
}
] |
a1d56811-b37f-51fe-5aa4-6266be82788a | https://jurnal.ubl.ac.id/index.php/ja/article/download/1788/1884 | [
{
"left": 57,
"top": 35,
"width": 204,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL ARSITEKTUR , Vol. 11, No. 1, Januari 2021, 41-52",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 294,
"top": 801,
"width": 10,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "41",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 134,
"top": 83,
"width": 338,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Konsep Komunitas Arsitektur Perumahan Real Estate :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 100,
"width": 358,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kaitannya Dengan Konsep Neighborhood dan Modal Sosial",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 177,
"top": 135,
"width": 241,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fernando Siregar 1 , Chandra Tanaka 2 , Andrew Marthin 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 75,
"top": 167,
"width": 453,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Magister Studi Pembangunan, Sekolah Arsitektur, Perencanaan dan Pengembangan Kebijakan, Institut Teknologi Bandung",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 180,
"width": 380,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 Master of Engineer, Faculty of Engineering School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 151,
"top": 192,
"width": 295,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3 Aparatur Sipil Negara Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi Lampung *Penulis Korespondensi: [email protected]; Telp. +6281220034009",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 236,
"width": 50,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak:",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 248,
"width": 485,
"height": 198,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menjauhnya jarak antara fisik pemukiman dengan karakter sosialnya merupakan cerminan dari minimnya interaksi sosial yang terjadi diantara penghuni perumahan yang dapat menciptakan hubungan sosial dalam konsep neighborhood. Penelitian ini dirancang untuk mengkaji, memahami praktik-praktik interaksi sosial yang bisa mencerminkan modal sosial dan untuk memahami apakah masyarakat real estate merupakan sebuah komunitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif - deskriptif – eksploratif dengan pendekatan studi kasus pada salah satu perumahan menengah atas di Bandung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak adanya unsur konsep neighborhood pada arsitektur perumahan, menjadi pengaruh dalam menghambat perkembangan jaringan sosial penghuninya sehingga tidak menimbulkan hubungan timbal balik dalam konsep komunitas. Ruang-ruang publik belum dapat berkontribusi secara maksimal dalam mewadahi praktik interaksi sosial. Interaksi yang membentuk jaringan sosial antar penghuni terjadi berdasarkan persamaan keyakinan yang diwadahi pada fasilitas keagamaan. Karakter interaksi sosial antar penghuni belum mampu membentuk unsur-unsur modal sosial sehingga tidak dapat mewujudkan konsep komunitas yang solid. Disimpulkan beberapa unsur yang menjadi hambatan terbentuknya modal sosial bagi komunitas penghuni arsitektur perumahan, diantaranya: kepercayaan ( trust ), dilema waktu ( time dilemma ), ketergantungan sosial ( social dependence ), kepedulian sosial ( social care ), norma ( norms ) dan jejaring ( network ). Keenam unsur tersebut menjadi faktor lemahnya proses pembentukan modal sosial pada perumahan real estate.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 460,
"width": 374,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci : arsitektur perumahan, konsep komunitas, konsep neighborhood , modal sosial, real estate .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 487,
"width": 83,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Latar Belakang",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 499,
"width": 485,
"height": 118,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jumlah hunian sebagai salah satu kebutuhan utama manusia meningkat seiring pertambahan penduduk. Lingkungan perumahan yang bertumbuh pesat di Kota Bandung sebagai tempat hidup keseharian masyarakat seharusnya menjadi tempat yang bermakna serta signifikan dalam menciptakan modal sosial bagi penghuninya. Perkembangan komersialisasi hunian sudah sangat disadari dimata masyarakat Kota Bandung. Yang menjadi dasar pertanyaan kemudian adalah seberapa jauh kohesifitas permukiman dapat tercipta dalam hunian baik sebagai hunian individual atau kelompok. Dalam tradisi permukiman Indonesia, hunian maupun kelompok hunian mencerminkan sebuah kohesifitas sosial dari masyarakat penghuninya. Namun, fakta-fakta yang terkemuka justru menunjukkan kian menjauhnya jarak antara fisik pemukiman dengan karakter sosialnya. Hal ini merupakan cerminan dari minimnya interaksi sosial yang terjadi diantara penghuni perumahan yang dapat menciptakan hubungan sosial dalam konsep neighborhood.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 619,
"width": 485,
"height": 130,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tanpa disadari, terjadi fenomena perilaku sosial kurang baik yang merupakan dampak dari kumpulan hunian/ perumahan ( spacial ). Tata letak lingkungan perumahan dan permukiman urban mengalami problematika sosial-spasial hingga lekat terhadap pembangunan mutu karakter sumber daya manusia yang tidak berkembang. Lingkungan perumahan yang bertumbuh pesat di Kota Bandung sebagai tempat hidup keseharian masyarakat seharusnya menjadi tempat yang bermakna serta signifikan dalam menciptakan modal sosial bagi penghuninya. Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sikap empati dan solidaritas sosial atas sesama seolah menjadi fenomena yang sangat mahal dan bukan tidak mungkin adalah salah satu penyebab apatisme yang menyebabkan terjadinya konflik sosial-spasial, kekerasan, kerusuhan, kriminalitas yang akan melekat pada perilaku keseharian masyarakat. Kecenderungan menurunnya harkat dan martabat kota adalah akibat berantakannya struktur sosial, perkembangan segregasi spasial yang mempunyai kecenderungan untuk memisahkan diri dari masyarakat - sosial, menipisnya kekentalah komunitas atau pola paguyuban.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 35,
"width": 204,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL ARSITEKTUR , Vol. 11, No. 1, Januari 2021, 41-52",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 294,
"top": 801,
"width": 10,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "42",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 82,
"width": 485,
"height": 154,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fokus penelitian ini mendeskripsikan dan mengeksplorasi kondisi sosial penghuni yang terbentuk oleh lingkungan arsitektur perumahan real estate terhadap suatu perilaku kebersamaan, kepedulian dalam sebuah komunitas hunian yang dapat menjadi sebuah modal sosial. Munculnya fenomena beberapa real estate yang sudah memberikan fasilitas sosial/ ruang-ruang publik namun apakah dapat menjadi sarana interaksi sosial bagi penghuninya atau kurangnya penggunaan ruang-ruang tersebut sebagai wadah interaksi sosial. “Masyarakat modern banyak menarik diri, meminimalkan kontak dengan lingkungan, dan bahkan beranggapan yang diluar rumah adalah musuh.” (Arcana & Prasetya.2006 dalam Barliana.2010). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami praktik-praktik interaksi sosial yang bisa mencerminkan modal sosial dan untuk memahami apakah masyarakat real estate merupakan sebuah komunitas. Pertanyaan penelitian, yaitu; (1) Bagaimana praktik interaksi sosial – arsitektur yang terjadi dalam suatu perumahan masyarakat real estate yang ditunjang dengan lingkungan ber-arsitektur? (2) Bagaimana cara masyarakat mewadahi interaksi sosial? Apakah ruang-ruang interaksi itu tersedia? Apakah ruang interaksi tersebut digunakan? dan terjadi interaksi sosial? (3) Seperti apa karakter interaksi sosial pada real estate?",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 250,
"width": 94,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Kajian Literatur",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 262,
"width": 485,
"height": 130,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan persoalan tersebut, interaksi sosial termasuk hal yang penting dalam mempengaruhi kualitas hidup manusia. Masyarakat dalam perumahan komersil real estate cenderung bersifat individualis, dengan tingkat privasi yang tinggi. Faktor-faktor tersebutlah yang menjadi salah satu unsur konflik sosial pada sebuah struktur sosial komunitas penghuni real estate . Permukiman dan segala fasilitasnya sebagai fenomena sosial-spasial yang mewadahi interaksi sosial diantara penghuni perumahan menjadi kontributor utama untuk mendorong terwujudnya modal sosial dalam sebuah konsep ketetangaan ( neighborhood ) yang ideal. Komunitas didefinisikan sebagai orang-orang yang bertempat tingal di suatu daerah yang terbatas secara geografis, yang terlibat dalam interaksi sosial dan memiliki satu atau lebih ikatan psikologis satu dengan yang lain dan dengan wilayah tempat tinggalnya. Dalam konsep komunitas mengandung empat komponen, yaitu: (1) Manusia ( people ); (2) Dibatasi Wilayah Geografis; (3) terlibat dalam interaksi sosial; (4) ikatan psikologis antara satu sama lain dengan tempat tinggal. (Christenson & Robinson.1980).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 394,
"width": 485,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Modal sosial merupakan sesuatu yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan sosial komunitas, karena: memberikan kemudahan dalam mengakses informasi bagi anggota komunitas, menjadi media power sharing atau pembagian kekuasaan, mengembangkan solidaritas, memungkinkan mobilisasi sumber daya, memungkinkan pencapaian tujuan bersama, dan membentuk perilaku kebersamaan dalam organisasi komunitas. (Lesser.2000). Modal sosial adalah kemampuan para individu dalam beraktivitas secara tepat untuk mencapai tujuan bersama di dalam komunitas atau organisasi (Fukuyama.1995). Unsur-unsur modal sosial (Bourdieu.1986, Coleman. 1990, Putnam.2002, Fukuyama.1995) digambarkan kedalam lima hal, yaitu: trust (saling percaya), norms (norma), networks (Jaringan), reprocity (hubungan timbal balik). Ketetanggaan ( neighborhoods ) didefinisikan sebuah daerah yang dibatasi beberapa jalan dan perhitungan secara statistik dimana orang dapat berinteraksi satu sama lain untuk kedekatan mereka (Taylor.1982). Hubungan tetangga didirikan pada kedekatan dan lokalitas bersama, hubungan bertetangga dicirikan oleh ketersediaan, keramahan ditambah dengan rasa hormat terhadap privasi dan pemahaman tentang potensi menolong. Tujuan utama dari tetangga adalah menawarkan bantuan untuk tugas-tugas sesekali seperti berbelanja; memberikan bantuan darurat; dan, mempertahankan kehadiran yang mengganggu atau memantau di lingkungan sekitar. Tetangga, juga memainkan peran penting, yang sering diabaikan, dalam komunitas. Mereka membentuk, dalam banyak kasus, sistem pemantauan informal; memberikan bantuan yang diperlukan pada tingkat ketergantungan yang lebih rendah dan mereka yang paling mungkin melakukan intervensi pada saat krisis. Mereka juga menyediakan tautan penting ke komunitas yang lebih besar dan tidak jarang ke penyedia layanan (Wenger.1990). Ketetanggaan diuraikan dalam enam fungsi (Evans:1982), yaitu: (1) Interaksi sosial; (2) kontrol sosial; (3) Perasaan aman dan tenteram bagi penduduk; (4) Identitas kolektif dan perasaan tentang tempat; (5) Sosialisasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 634,
"width": 485,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perumahan merupakan tempat tiap individu yang ada saling berinteraksi dan mempengaruhi satu sama lain serta memiliki sense of belonging atas lingkungan tempat tinggalnya (Abrams. 1964). Permukiman dibuat untuk memuaskan manusia termasuk kepuasan dalam hal ekonomi, sosial, politik, teknologi dan budaya dan sebaliknya permukiman terbentuk dari kekuatan sosial, ekonomi, politik, ideology dan lainnya yang dirangkum kedalam suatu teori yaitu Teori Ekistics (Doxiadis. 1967). Real estate didefinisikan sebagai suatu kawasan tanah yang dikuasai oleh raja, bangsawan dan landlord (tuan tanah pada jaman feodal diabad pertengahan), atau singkatnya properti milik kerajaan (Kiyosaki.1998).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 718,
"width": 485,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ruang publik didefinisikan sebagai ruang di mana setiap individu dapat masuk dan turut serta dalam percakapan tanpa tekanan dari pihak lain (Habermas.1962). Ruang ini menjadi tempat berkumpul dan pusat berbagai aktivitas manusia yang akan meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan fisik dan sosialnya sendiri. Keberadaan ruang publik menjadi unsur yang penting pada neighborhood karena salah satu dasar terbentuknya neighborhood",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 35,
"width": 204,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL ARSITEKTUR , Vol. 11, No. 1, Januari 2021, 41-52",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 294,
"top": 801,
"width": 10,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "43",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 82,
"width": 484,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "itu sendiri adalah interaksi sosial di antara penghuninya, yang sebagian besar terjadi di ruang publik (Rubenstein.1992). Terjadinya aktivitas sosial di ruang publik berkaitan erat dengan keadaan fisik lingkungannya. Pengaturan fisik dapat mendukung atau mencegah terjadinya kontak audio dan visual setidaknya dalam lima cara yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 68,
"top": 142,
"width": 462,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1 . The Sense and Communication. Pengaturan fisik dapat mendorong atau mencegah kontak visual dan pendengaran setidaknya dalam lima cara berbeda . (Gehl. 1987).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 466,
"width": 484,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengaturan-pengaturan secara fisik tersebut dapat menciptakan metode-metode perancangan arsitektur yang akan mempengaruhi ruang publik dalam kaitannya dengan kondisi sosial yang ingin dicapai dalam suatu neighborhood",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 514,
"width": 47,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Metode",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 526,
"width": 485,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian, penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif-eksploratif, dengan pendekatan studi kasus pada salah satu perumahan real estate di Bandung. Dengan melakukan pengumpulan data, analisis, dan menarik kesimpulan berdasarkan hasil analisis. Penelitian kualitatif (Creswell. 1998) adalah sebuah proses penyidikan, pemahaman berdasarkan tradisi metodologi penelitian yang berbeda yang mengeksplorasi masalah sosial atau manusia. Menyajikan setiap kata-kata pandangan informan dalam wawancara secara terperinci tentang situasi sosial dan mengklasifikasikan berdasarkan isu dengan menggunakan teknik coding .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 620,
"width": 135,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3.1 Metode Pengumpulan Data",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 632,
"width": 485,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengumpulan data penelitian diperoleh melalui dua jenis metode yakni data sekunder (studi kepustakaan) dan data primer (pengamatan lapangan). Pengumpulan data primer di lakukan ke dalam dua metode, yaitu: (1) Pengamatan (observasi), dilakukan dengan mengamati pola-pola perilaku interaksi sosial yang terjadi pada rutinitas hari kerja dan hari libur yang dilakukan pada fasilitas umum dan fasilitas sosial (ruang publik, tempat ibadah); (2) Wawancara, dilakukan kepada beberapa elemen yang terkait dengan perilaku penghuni perumahan yang dikelompokkan sebagai penghuni perumahan, pengurus lembaga sosial, institusi non formal ( security ) dan masyarakat non penghuni. Validasi data dilakukan dengan teknik triangulasi, yaitu dengan mengecek data hasil wawancara, pengamatan dan penelusuran dokumen. Selanjutnya, analisis data yang diklasifikasi berdasarkan isu permasalahan dan dibahas sesuai pertanyaan penelitian dan hasil kajian literatur.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 35,
"width": 204,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL ARSITEKTUR , Vol. 11, No. 1, Januari 2021, 41-52",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 294,
"top": 801,
"width": 10,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "44",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 82,
"width": 116,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Hasil dan Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 94,
"width": 221,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.1. Pola Interaksi Penghuni Perumahan Cluster E.",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 106,
"width": 485,
"height": 128,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perkembangan kondisi sosial yang ada di perumahan real estate terjadi dan terbentuk akibat kondisi lingkungannya yang diuraikan kedalam beberapa aspek. Aspek pertama interaksi sosial. Para penghuni cenderung membatasi interaksi agar menghindari terjadinya kontak sosial yang negatif, dimana dapat mengakibatkan timbulnya pertentangan yang dapat membawa keterangan-keterangan sosial, membentuk sebuah resiko terjadinya konflik sosial. Komunikasi yang terbentuk oleh penghuni seolah untuk menjaga keharmonisan ketetanggaan agar dapat berlangsung dalam waktu yang panjang tanpa kesan yang negatif. Namun dalam pembatasan itu, pemupukan kepercayaan ( Trust ) antar penghuni yang heterogen dan proses perkembangan jaringan ( networks ) yang menimbulkan hubungan timbal balik ( reciprocity ) pun menjadi stagnan (tidak berkembang). Sifat individual diidentifikasikan melalui minimnya kontribusi dalam menyelesaikan masalah bersama yaitu fasilitas umum lingkungan. Hal tersebut terukur saat ada penghuni yang tidak ikut berkontribusi untuk perbaikan jalan komplek didepan rumahnya sebagai fasilitas umum.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 196,
"top": 417,
"width": 206,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1 . Kondisi Jalan Perumahan Cluster E.",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 442,
"width": 485,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aspek kedua kegiatan rutinitas. Tingkat kegiatan rutinitas penghuni yang mayoritas adalah pengusaha cenderung sangat tinggi, sehingga waktu menjadi sebuah batas dan sekaligus menjadi hambatan terjadinya interaksi yang dapat membangun jaringan sosial antar penghuni perumahan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 683,
"width": 266,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2 . Pola Hubungan Ketetanggaan Penghuni Cluster E.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 708,
"width": 485,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Interaksi sosial penghuni perumahan pada umumnya hanya terjadi pada batas langsung rumah penghuni yang berhadapan atau bersebelahan (batas depan, batas samping kiri dan samping kanan) maka akan selalu membentuk pola segitiga antar perilaku penghuni (P). Pola perilaku penghuni (P) memiliki batasan yang ditandai dengan garis hitam tebal solid merupakan batas fisik arsitektur rumah (elemen pagar dan fasad). Elemen fisik arsitektur tersebut membatasi intensitas interaksi sosial antar penghuni dilambangkan sebagai garis lurus tipis yang menghubungkan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 35,
"width": 204,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL ARSITEKTUR , Vol. 11, No. 1, Januari 2021, 41-52",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 294,
"top": 801,
"width": 10,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "45",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 82,
"width": 485,
"height": 106,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "antar penghuni (P), interaksi yang sangat jarang dan secara umum bentuk interaksi terjadi berdasarkan kejadian-kejadian spontan/ tanpa disengaja (pada saat berpapasan). Garis hitam tebal yang menghubungkan penghuni dengan aktivitas menandakan intensitas kegiatan yang sangat tinggi, lebih sering dilakukan dan menghabiskan banyak waktu diluar lingkaran besar (L) lingkungan arsitektur Cluster E. Jarangnya interaksi antar penghuni yang terjadi pada lingkungan arsitektur cluster E membuat jarak lingkaran penghuni (P) semakin jauh. Ruang-ruang publik yang ada dalam lingkungan arsitektur cluster E sangat jarang digunakan oleh penghuni sebagai wadah dalam melaksanakan aktivitas sosial yang dapat menimbulkan interaksi sehingga lingkaran penghuni (P) seharusnya dapat beririsan satu sama lain membentuk irisan yakni ikatan sosial yang terbentuk akibat interaksi antar penghuni dalam arsitektur lingkungan cluster E.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 202,
"width": 383,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.2. Pola Interaksi Penghuni Cluster E. Dilihat Dari Sudut Pandang Lembaga Sosial (RT)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 214,
"width": 485,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perkembangan kondisi sosial berdasarkan sudut pandang lembaga sosial pada Cluster E. diuraikan kedalam beberapa aspek. Aspek pertama interaksi sosial. Lembaga Sosial (RT) sekaligus sebagai penghuni justru beranggapan bahwa minimnya interaksi yang terjadi antar penghuni seolah memang disengaja untuk menghindari bentuk interaksi sosial bersifat negatif dapat membawa keterangan-keterangan sosial, privasi masing-masing warga, pada akhirnya dapat mengurangi kepercayaan antar penghuni.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 274,
"width": 485,
"height": 130,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aspek kedua adalah estetika dan fungsi arsitektur rumah. Beberapa penghuni real estate cenderung mendahulukan kepentingan pribadi, tanpa memperhatikan dampak lingkungan yang dialami tetangganya. Hal ini dibuktikan melalui penerapan elemen material estetik arsitektur pada dinding batas langsung dengan tetangga yang gagal konstruksi sehingga merugikan tetangga disebelahnya, kejadian tersebut tidak berakhir pada tanggungjawab dan penyelesaian permasalahan secara kekeluargaan. Status sosial manusia, ras. suku dan keyakinan bukan menjadi faktor seseorang untuk antipati terhadap struktur sosial, tetapi social learning yang terbentuk sejak kecil membuat seseorang mempunyai modal sosial dalam kehidupannya. Hal ini tercermin pada perilaku beberapa penghuni real estate yang mencerminkan sikap yang tidak taat pada norma sosial yang berlaku. Tidak adanya pengendalian sosial oleh penghuni dan lembaga sosial yang berbentuk kontrol maupun sanksi sosial bagi pelaku yang melanggar norma-norma bersama tadi, maka tidak heran akan menjadi bentuk peniruan bagi penghuni lainnya untuk mengabaikan norma-norma bersama demi terwujudnya kepentingan individu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 610,
"width": 314,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 3 . Pola Hubungan Ketetanggaan Dari Sisi Lembaga Sosial (RT).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 634,
"width": 487,
"height": 130,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Garis putus-putus sebagai konektivitas jaringan antar penghuni merupakan bentuk interaksi yang terjadi secara spontanitas dan bersifat insidentil. Secara umum interaksi dilakukan hanya pada saat penghuni melakukan aktivitas proses atau aktivitas penting, sangat jarang terlihat aktivitas pilihan yang terjadi dalam lingkungan Custer E (L). Garis lurus solid yang menghubungkan konektivitas antar penghuni merupakan bentuk hubungan antar penghuni yang terjadi akibat keberadaan ruang publik pada Cluster E. Perkembangan konektivitas jaringan sosial antar penghuni terhambat oleh tingkat rutinitas aktivitas penghuni yang sangat tinggi (sering) dilakukan diluar lingkungan perumahan dan terhambat oleh pelanggaran akan norma-norma yang terjadi oleh beberapa penghuni yang menggunakan fasilitas umum dan ruang publik sebagai area teritorial (T) yang bersifat individu sehingga mengusik kenyamanan penghuni lainnya serta tidak diikuti oleh pengendalian sosial yang berbentuk sanksi-sanksi. Hal tersebut lah yang memicu tidak terjadinya hubungan timbal balik yang menimbulkan ikatan sosial antar penghuni maupun lembaga sosial yang ada.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 35,
"width": 204,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL ARSITEKTUR , Vol. 11, No. 1, Januari 2021, 41-52",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 294,
"top": 801,
"width": 10,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "46",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 82,
"width": 218,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.3. Pola Interaksi Penghuni Perumahan Cluster P",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 93,
"width": 485,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perkembangan kondisi sosial yang ada di Cluster P. terjadi dan terbentuk akibat kondisi lingkungannya yang diuraikan kedalam beberapa aspek. Aspek pertama adalah interaksi sosial. Kontak sosial dalam bertetangga bukan hal utama bagi kehidupan penghuni dalam bertetangga. Hal ini dilihat dari jaringan relasi penghuni yang dijalin hanya dengan tetangga yang berbatasan langsung dengan rumahnya. Interaksi tersebut pun terjadi hanya berdasarkan tujuan tertentu, kontak sosial yang bersifat primer namun tidak mempererat jalinan kerjasama yang membawa manfaat kepada kehidupan sosialnya. Tidak aktif dalam suatu komunitas sosial yang ada dalam lingkungan perumahan memang merupakan hal yang dihindari penghuni untuk mencegah kontak sosial negatif menghindari keterangan-keterangan sosial tetangga yang belum tentu riil sehingga keharmonisan bertetangga untuk kurun waktu yang lama tetap terjaga. Namun dampak dari hal tersebut kehidupan sosial dalam bertetangga terkesan tawar, tidak membentuk hubungan timbal balik antar penghuni.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 212,
"width": 485,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aspek kedua multikultur. Masyarakat yang terdiri dari perbedaan ras dan agama mempunyai peran dalam terjadinya interaksi sosial antar penghuni, jenis fasilitas pendidikan yang berada di dalam komplek perumahan seolah hanya untuk memfasilitasi masyarakat mayoritas dengan keyakinan agama tertentu. Dalam suatu perumahan yang heterogen terdiri penghuni dengan berbagai macam latar belakang, ras, agama, pembagian fasilitas-fasilitas yang tidak berimbang menjadi titik awal pecahnya hubungan timbal balik antar penghuni yang berkeyakinan berbeda.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 282,
"width": 485,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aspek ketiga adalah keamanan. Tingkat kriminalitas yang semakin tinggi membuat penghuni membutuhkan rasa aman dan nyaman. Pagar berfungsi sebagai pelindung dari ancaman bahaya yang datangnya dari luar agar tetap mendapatkan rasa aman. Disaat penghuni menjadikan pagar dengan konsep tertentu yakni sebagai aksen dan menjadi status jati diri arsitektur (semakin tinggi dan besar pagar maka semakin terkesan kokoh), Namun secara tidak sadar pagar yang juga berfungsi sebagai batas teritorial justru berkontribusi batas fisik yang terurai sebagai batas sosial untuk menghindari kontak sosial antar sesama penghuni.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 499,
"width": 307,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 4 . Elemen Pagar Yang Tinggi dan Menutupi Fasade Bangunan.",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 526,
"width": 485,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Manusia sekarang cenderung memilih lingkungan yang aman meski menyampingkan struktur sosial yang terjadi akibat dari penampilan arsitektur rumah. Hal tersebut menjadi salah satu faktor minimnya kepercayaan antar penghuni dimana individu tertentu akan menimbulkan masalah bagaimana mengamankan identitasnya sebagai manusia, masyarakat dan sebagai penganut tradisi kebudayaan tertentu dari tradisi kebudayaan penghuni lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 162,
"top": 754,
"width": 274,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 5 . Pola Hubungan Ketetanggaan Penghuni Perumahan.",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 35,
"width": 204,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL ARSITEKTUR , Vol. 11, No. 1, Januari 2021, 41-52",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 294,
"top": 801,
"width": 10,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "47",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 82,
"width": 485,
"height": 92,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pola interaksi antar penghuni membentuk pola segitiga yang terjadi akibat kontak antar penghuni (P) akibat batas rumah yang bersinggungan langsung (batas depan, batas samping kiri dan kanan). Secara sadar pola interaksi tersebut menjadi batasan bagi penghuni untuk tidak melakukan interaksi dengan tetangga lainnya yang rumahnya tidak bersinggungan atau berdekatan karena merasa tidak dekat dan tidak kenal jadi tidak harus melakukan interaksi pada saat bersinggungan dalam satu lingkungan arsitektur Cluster P. Faktor ini menjadi salah satu hambatan bagi perkembangan jaringan sosial antar penghuni. Selanjutnya fisik arsitektur rumah yang menggunakan elemen pagar sebagai konsep keamanan dan estetika fasad justru menjadi batas fisik yang nyata untuk mencegah peluang interaksi sosial terjadi antar penghuni perumahan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 188,
"width": 338,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.4. Pola Interaksi Penghuni Dilihat Dari Sudut Pandang Lembaga Sosial (RT)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 200,
"width": 485,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perkembangan kondisi sosial berdasarkan sudut pandang lembaga sosial pada Cluster P diuraikan kedalam beberapa aspek. Aspek pertama adalah peran Pemerintah. Peran Pemerintah dalam menciptakan ruang interaksi yang baik sangat rentan, mengingat masyarakat perumahan real estate yang rata-rata memiliki tingkat rutinitas yang tinggi sehingga peran pemerintah berfungsi sebagai sarana menyadarkan masyarakat tunduk pada persyaratan-persyaratan, aturan untuk tinggal dalam kompleks perumahan. Dampak positif dari peran pemerintah mampu berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan peluang agar terbentuknya interaksi sosial antar penghuni perumahan melalui lembaga sosial didalamnya (Rukun Tetangga) sebagai koordinator interaksi antara warga.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 283,
"width": 485,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aspek kedua adalah multikultur. Dalam kehidupan sosial penghuni tidak terjadi proses asimilasi yang membentuk akulturasi, namun bentuk interaksi sosial masyarakat perumahan hanya terjadi berdasarkan persamaan keyakinan yang dianut, berkumpul pada waktu-waktu tertentu untuk melaksanakan kegiatan-kegiatan keagamaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 594,
"width": 340,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 6 . Pola Hubungan Ketetanggaan Sudut Pandang Lembaga Sosial (RT).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 618,
"width": 485,
"height": 152,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada Rukun Tetangga A dan B, bentuk interaksi yang terjadi antar penghuni berdasarkan persamaan terhadap suatu keyakinan, dan interaksi tersebut umumnya terjadi pada tempat-tempat ibadah sesuai dengan kepercayaan masing-masing. Minimnya kepercayaan antar penghuni yang berbeda keyakinan untuk melakukan interaksi membuat perkembangan jaringan sosial terhambat. Pola hubungan ketetanggan dibagi oleh garis horisontal yang membedakan penghuni sesuai dengan kepercayaannya. Perkembangan jaringan sosial yang terjadi oleh faktor persamaan keyakinan itupun dihambat oleh minimnya waktu untuk berinteraksi antar sesama penghuni akibat tingkat kesibukan masing-masing penghuni. Hal tersebut menjadi hambatan bagi lembaga sosial untuk melakukan pengendalian sosial. Lebih lanjut Badan Pertanahan Negara mempunyai peran untuk membentuk pola interaksi dan pengendalian sosial oleh lembaga sosial terhadap penghuni perumahan khususnya Cluster P. BPN diharapkan mengeluarkan dan memantau penuh kebijakan agar setiap calon penghuni yang akan membeli tanah di perumahan wajib melakukan koordinasi terlebih dahulu dengan lembaga sosial (RT) setempat agar kedepannya memudahkan lembaga sosial untuk mengenal seluruh warganya yang nantinya akan sangat mudah bagi pengurus lembaga sosial untuk melaksanakan pengendalian sosial pada warganya. Aktivitas kegiatan diluar lingkungan perumahan yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 35,
"width": 204,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL ARSITEKTUR , Vol. 11, No. 1, Januari 2021, 41-52",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 294,
"top": 801,
"width": 10,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "48",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 82,
"width": 485,
"height": 69,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "sangat tinggi juga merupakan salah satu faktor minimnya pengendalian sosial yang dilakukan oleh lembaga sosial setempat hal inilah yang menghambat perkembangan jaringan sosial antar lembaga sosial dan penghuninya. Jaringan antara lembaga sosial (P/RT) dan penghuni (P) digambarkan sebagai garis putus-putus yang dikoneksikan oleh institusi non formal ( security ) sebagai mediator. Potensi lain adalah jarak, jarak fisik arsitektur antar rumah yang cukup jauh dan dibatasi oleh pagar menjadi salah satu alasan para penghuni untuk tidak melakukan interaksi dengan tetangganya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 203,
"top": 357,
"width": 200,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 7 . Jarak Fisik Arsitektur Antar Rumah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 380,
"width": 218,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.5. Pola Interaksi Penghuni Perumahan Cluster A",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 392,
"width": 485,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perkembangan kondisi sosial yang ada di Cluster A terjadi dan terbentuk akibat kondisi lingkungannya yang didiskusikan kedalam beberapa aspek. Aspek pertama yaitu status kependudukan. Penghuni yang sifat kependudukannya sementara hampir tidak pernah berinteraksi dengan penghuni lainnya, karakter penghuni seperti ini tidak pernah berusaha berbaur dengan kegiatan-kegiatan sosial yang diadakan pada lingkungan perumahan. Aspek kedua ruang publik (taman). Ruang publik dengan fasilitasnya diperlukan sebagai wadah untuk dapat menampung kegiatan penghuni, berinteraksi dengan komunitasnya. Namun pada taman Cluster A tidak disediakan fasilitas bermain anak yang layak, sehingga tidak jarang penghuni yang juga orang tua anak enggan mengajak anak-anaknya bermain, berinteraksi dengan anak-anak, penghuni lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 209,
"top": 714,
"width": 190,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 8 . Kondisi Fisik Taman Perumahan",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 35,
"width": 204,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL ARSITEKTUR , Vol. 11, No. 1, Januari 2021, 41-52",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 294,
"top": 801,
"width": 10,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "49",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 207,
"top": 285,
"width": 184,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 9 . Gambaran Aksesibilitas Taman",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 309,
"width": 485,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kondisi taman yang tidak terawat, tanah yang retak-retak dan kering tidak layak dan membahayakan digunakan sebagai tempat berkegiatan penghuni. Terlihat juga fasilitas taman yang tidak terawat dengan baik menjadi faktor enggannya penghuni masuk dalam taman tersebut. Sayangnya kondisi ini tidak dilihat sebagai salah satu faktor yang menjauhkan warganya dari ruang publik sehingga tidak ada aktivitas penghuni pada ruang-ruang publik khususnya taman yang dapat menimbulkan interaksi antar penghuni. Tata letak dan akses taman juga merupakan unsur penting untuk menimbulkan kesan “mengundang” setiap penghuni yang ada disekitarnya untuk melakukan aktivitas, kegiatan-kegiatan bersama keluarga. Akses masuk kedalam taman tidak jelas, ditutupi tanaman-tanaman menjadikan konsep fungsi taman menjadi tidak jelas antara ruang hijau sebagai peneduh atau ruang terbuka yang mewadahi kegiatan. Fasilitas pendidikan juga merupakan peluang bagi penghuni untuk membentuk komunitas, namun justru hal tersebut tidak terjadi, dikarenakan fasilitas yang disediakan tidak berimbang, fasilitas pendidikan yang disediakan cenderung bagi komunitas penghuni dengan keyakinan mayoritas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 451,
"width": 485,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Status kependudukan penghuni yang merupakan penghuni sementara (PS) menjadi salah satu alasan bagi penghuni untuk tidak terlalu turut serta dalam setiap kegiatan-kegiatan yang dilakukan dalam satu lingkungan khususnya cluster A. Garis putus-putus melambangkan minimnya interaksi yang terjadi antar penghuni yang tetap dan penghuni sementara. Fasilitas pendidikan sebagai fasilitas sosial yang ada dalam perumahan terkesan hanya memihak bagi penghuni dengan kepercayaan mayoritas. Minimnya kepercayaan bagi penghuni minoritas didasarkan ideologi terhadap suatu kepercayaan agama sehingga bagi penghuni minoritas memilih untuk menggunakan fasilitas pendidikan diluar lingkungan perumahan. Hal ini sangat disayangkan karena fasilitas pendidikan justru merupakan salah satu wadah yang dapat membentuk jaringan, hubungan timbal balik dan kepercayaan bagi anak-anak sebagai generasi penerus pembangunan perilaku sosial dalam satu lingkungan perumahan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 163,
"top": 761,
"width": 272,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 10 . Pola Hubungan Ketetanggaan Penghuni Cluster A.",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 35,
"width": 204,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL ARSITEKTUR , Vol. 11, No. 1, Januari 2021, 41-52",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 294,
"top": 801,
"width": 10,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "50",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 82,
"width": 338,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.6. Pola Interaksi Penghuni Dilihat Dari Sudut Pandang Lembaga Sosial (RT)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 94,
"width": 485,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perkembangan kondisi sosial berdasarkan sudut pandang lembaga sosial pada Cluster A diuraikan kedalam beberapa aspek. Aspek pertama adalah interaksi sosial. Interaksi yang terjadi antar para penghuni lebih lekat terhadap bentuk interaksi yang bersifat disosiatif, terjadinya konflik antar penghuni merupakan suatu bentuk dari pertahanan teritorial masing-masing. Hal-hal yang menjadi pemicu terjadinya konflik antar penghuni adalah faktor budaya masing-masing penghuni berbeda dengan yang lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 128,
"top": 394,
"width": 342,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 11 . Pola Hubungan Ketetanggaan Sudut Pandang Lembaga Sosial (RT)",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 418,
"width": 485,
"height": 92,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aspek kedua adalah waktu. Minimnya waktu bagi penghuni saat berada di lingkungan dihubungkan garis putus-putus melambangkan sulitnya lembaga sosial untuk mengadakan sistem pengendalian sosial, mengadakan kegiatan–kegiatan yang menuntut penghuni untuk turut serta. Fenomena lain yang terjadi pada lingkungan Cluster A adalah bentuk interaksi yang terjadi akibat konflik antar penghuni. Garis solid tebal menandakan bentuk interaksi yang terjadi secara terus menerus namun terjadi akibat pelanggaran terhadap norma-norma sosial yang diikuti oleh penolakan atau protes dari penghuni lainya yang mengganggu kenyamanan sehingga bentuk interaksi yang terjadi justru merusak kepercayaan penghuni untuk membentuk jaringan sosial yang dapat menimbulkan hubungan timbal balik yang positif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 524,
"width": 266,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4.7. Pola Interaksi Kelompok Pengajian Penghuni Perumahan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 536,
"width": 485,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tingkat rutinitas penghuni yang menjadi anggota kelompok pengajian memang menjadi tolak ukur solid atau tidaknya suatu komunitas. Nyatanya tingkat rutinitas yang cenderung tinggi sehingga waktu untuk berkumpul pada anggota komunitas pengajian menjadi semakin sedikit. Fenomena yang terjadi pada kelompok keagamaan lainnya yakni kelompok pengajian ibu-ibu justru terjadi perbedaan pola pikir. Dibedakan dalam dua kelompok yakni: kelompok penghuni real estate yang terbentuk secara tidak sengaja berdasarkan cluster besar yang hanya terdiri dari 20 anggota; kelompok penghuni real estate dari cluster kecil yang anggotanya cenderung lebih banyak karena anggotanya mengikutsertakan warga dari luar perumahan real estate. Faktor penyebab terjadinya perbedaan adalah enggannya salah satu kelompok keagamaan untuk bergabung bersama warga yang berasal dari luar perumahan. Hal ini merupakan salah satu ciri-ciri terjadinya ekslusivisme bagi penghuni real estate dan tidak adanya hubungan timbal balik dalam sebuah persamaan pada komunitas keagamaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 666,
"width": 67,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 678,
"width": 172,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5.1. Praktik Interaksi Sosial – Arsitektur",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 690,
"width": 485,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hubungan sosial spasial pada salah satu perumahan real estate di Bandung tidak menunjang untuk menciptakan interaksi sosial penghuninya dalam konsep komunitas. Penghuni perumahan yang rutinitasnya sangat tinggi membutuhkan ruang yang nyaman, aman, tenang dan jauh dari keramaian. Sesuai dengan konsep perencanaannya yaitu nyaman, tenang dengan kemewahan tata ruang. Estetika arsitektur perumahan real estate memang sukses memfasilitasi kebutuhan tersebut, namun berpengaruh dalam menghambat perkembangan jaringan sosial di dalamnya. Penghuni perumahan cenderung dimanjakan dengan kondisi spasial yang tenang dan luas hingga menyebabkan penghuni jarang melakukan aktivitas-aktivitas fisik yang melibatkan praktik interaksi sosial",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 35,
"width": 204,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL ARSITEKTUR , Vol. 11, No. 1, Januari 2021, 41-52",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 294,
"top": 801,
"width": 10,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "51",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 82,
"width": 485,
"height": 128,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "terhadap penghuni lainnya. Fisik arsitektur perumahan real estate yang besar dan luas dengan memberikan pilihan tanah kavling bagi setiap penghuni yang dapat dimanfaatkan secara bebas dalam mendeskripsikan fisik arsitektur rumah sesuai pola perilaku dan konsep kenyamanan dan keamanan individu penghuninya tanpa harus mempertimbangkan konsep ketetanggaan. Kriteria jarak fisik antar rumah yang dipisah oleh jalan yang lebar, kondisi ini tidak mendukung kriteria jarak sosial (Hall.1966) sehingga dapat mempengaruhi psikologis manusia dalam mengurangi peluang untuk melakukan interaksi sosial. Penghuni perumahan real estate lebih senang menggunakan pagar yang tinggi (diukur dari skala perspektif mata manusia dewasa) untuk konsep keamanan dan kenyamanan, namun sadar atau tidak pagar-pagar tersebut ternyata berkontribusi mencegah kontak sosial antar penghuni dalam sebuah konsep ketetanggaan. Pada kenyatanya arsitektur perumahan real estate tidak dapat berkontribusi terhadap pembentukan respon psikologis penghuni untuk menjalankan pola interaksi sosial manusia didalamnya dalam konsep komunitas pada arsitektur perumahan dengan konsep neighborhood .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 224,
"width": 118,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5.2. Wadah Interaksi Sosial",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 235,
"width": 485,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Secara umum kondisi fisik jalan sebagai salah satu ruang publik pada perumahan real estate cukup baik untuk mewadahi aktivitas yang dapat menimbulkan interaksi sosial antar penghuni. Namun justru bentuk kegiatan yang terjadi pada jalan di perumahan hanya berupa aktivitas proses dan aktivitas penting. Beberapa penghuni masih menggunakan jalan sebagai aktivitas pilihan ( optional activities) , dimana penghuni tersebut melakukan kegiatan yang berlangsung di pagi atau sore hari sekedar berjalan-jalan kaki hanya dilakukan pada keadaan dan waktu tertentu tergantung ketertarikan penghuni. Namun berdasarkan keadaannya, aktivitas-aktivitas yang terjadi pada ruang publik di perumahan tidak membentuk aktivitas sosial, tidak terjadi sekumpulan anak penghuni yang bermain bersama dan tidak terjadi percakapan antar tetangga dalam sebuah konsep neighborhood",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 343,
"width": 178,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5.3. Karakter Interaksi Sosial Real Estate",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 355,
"width": 485,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Karakter interaksi penghuni yang terjadi pada perumahan real estate belum dapat membentuk konsep komunitas yang solid. Perilaku penghuni perumahan real estate khususnya Cluster E, Cluster P, Cluster A belum dapat membentuk modal sosial bagi masing-masing penghuni. Kurangnya kontrol sosial yang dilakukan oleh penghuni beserta lembaga sosialnya menyebabkan struktur hubungan antar penghuni perumahan tersebut tidak menciptakan nilai-nilai baru yang dapat membentuk modal sosial. Pembentukan modal sosial lemah oleh proses-proses yang merusak kekerabatan, hubungan timbal balik antar penghuni seperti: perilaku/ kebiasaan pelanggaraan terhadap norma-norma oleh penghuni lainnya yang menyebabkan perselisihan/ konflik tanpa diikuti pengendalian sosial oleh penghuni lain dan lembaga sosial yang ada. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan penelitian dalam arsitektur salah satu perumahan real estate di Bandung dan diperkuat dengan tinjauan teori yang telah dipaparkan pada bab-bab sebelumnya, maka disimpulkan beberapa unsur yang menjadi hambatan terbentuknya modal sosial bagi komunitas penghuni arsitektur perumahan, diantaranya: kepercayaan ( trust ), dilema waktu ( time dilemma ), ketergantungan sosial ( social dependence ), kepedulian sosial ( social care ), norma ( norms ) dan jejaring ( network ). Keenam unsur tersebut menjadi faktor lemahnya proses pembentukan modal sosial pada perumahan real estate. Apabila dikaji lagi penerapan dan eksistensi keenam unsur tersebut dalam sebuah arsitektur perumahan real estate , maka diharapkan mampu memperbaiki proses pembentukan modal sosial yang baik bagi penghuni perumahan real estate .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 544,
"width": 485,
"height": 152,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk itu arsitektur perumahan real estate kedepannya perlu dikaji ulang dalam perencanannya. Tidak hanya melihat pada aspek komersial tetapi perlu memperhatikan aspek-aspek sosial dalam sebuah permukiman. Arsitektur rumah pada perumahan real estate harus menyikapi kebutuhan untuk dapat mengedepankan konsep neighborhood daripada kenyamanan individu. Bentuk fisik arsitektur, elemen-elemen rumah penghuni perumahan real estate harus mampu menciptakan keserasian, keterbukaan terhadap lingkungan sosial untuk menghasilkan hubungan timbal balik dan jaringan dalam konsep komunitas. Untuk pengembangan peran penghuni perumahan real estate dalam menciptakan komponen-komponen modal sosial pada perumahan yang heterogen, penulis menyarankan untuk dilakukan penelitian lanjutan dengan meneliti beberapa hal, yaitu: mengeksplorasi lebih jauh unsur-unsur yang menjadi lemahnya pembentukan modal sosial bagi masyarakat real estate untuk membentuk komunitas dan sejauh mana kontribusi pengembang sebagai fasilitator lingkungan perumahan dan permukiman yang heterogen dalam kontribusinya menciptakan lingkungan arsitektur yang tidak hanya mengutamakan aspek komersial-bisnis namun tetap beriringan dengan konsep neighborhood demi membentuk modal sosial bagi penghuni perumahan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 35,
"width": 204,
"height": 8,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "JURNAL ARSITEKTUR , Vol. 11, No. 1, Januari 2021, 41-52",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 294,
"top": 801,
"width": 10,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "52",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 82,
"width": 81,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. Daftar Pustaka",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 92,
"width": 398,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abrams, Charles. (1964). Man’s Struggle for Shelter in an Urbanizing World. London: Cambridge.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 106,
"width": 468,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arcana, Putu Fajar., Prasetya, Lukas Adi (2006). Arsitek Tak Lebih dari Bidan. Kompas, Minggu 5 November 2006. Barliana, M, Syaom. (2010). Arsitektur, Komunitas, dan Modal Sosial. Bandung: Metatekstur.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 130,
"width": 484,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bourdieu, P. (1986). The Forms of Capital, in John G. Richardson (EDT). Handbook of Theory and Research in the Sociology of education. New York: Greenwald Press.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 154,
"width": 484,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Creswell. John W. (1998). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Traditions. Sage Publications, Thousand Oak, London, New Delhi.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 178,
"width": 484,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Christenson. J., Robinson J. (1980). Community development in America. Lowa: Iowa State University Press University of California.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 202,
"width": 484,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Coleman, J. (1990). Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Doxiadis, C. (1967). Ekistics: An Introduction to the Science of Human Settlements, Hutchinson, London. Evans, G. W. (1982). Environmental stress. New York: Cambridge University Press. Fukuyama, Francis. (1995). Trust; the Social Virtues and The Creation of Prosperity. New York: Free Press Paperbacks Gehl, Jan. (1987). Life Between Buildings : Using Public Space. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Habermas, Jorgen. (1962). The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere (trans. Thomas Burger, 1989) . An Inquiry into Category of Bourgeois Society. MIT Press, Cambridge. Hall, Edward T. (1966). The Hidden Dimension. New York: Doubleday and Company, Inc. Lesser. E., (2000). Knowledge and Social Capital: Foundation and Application, Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann. Putnam, D. Robert (2002). Democracies in Flux: The Evolution of Social Capital in Contemporary Society. New York,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 322,
"width": 145,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "USA: Oxford University Press, Inc.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 334,
"width": 484,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rubenstein, Harvey M. (1992). Pedestrian Malls, Streetscapes, and Urban Spaces. Taylor, R. B. (1982). The Neighborhood-Level Physical Environment And Stress-Related Impacts. In G. W. Evans (Ed.), Environment and Stress . New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 370,
"width": 429,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Walmsley, DJ. & Lewis, G. (1984). Human Geography; Behavioral Approaches. New York: Longman Inc.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 382,
"width": 485,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wenger, G Clare. (1990). The Special Role of Friends and Neighbors College of North Wales. Journal of Aging Studies, Volume 4, No. 2, Hal. 149–69.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
1c83f688-eaff-c802-edc5-dbd342955c43 | https://journal.uim.ac.id/index.php/alulum/article/download/1109/859 | [
{
"left": 160,
"top": 37,
"width": 279,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 51,
"width": 130,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mei 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2 2014-2022 j.al-ulum Universitas Islam Madura",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 73,
"width": 318,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN. 2355-0104 ojs.uim.ac.id E-ISSN. 2549-3833",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "137",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 92,
"width": 403,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PEMBELAJARAN DARING DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI MADRASAH DINIYAH TAKMILIYAH AWALIYAH (MDTA)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 79,
"top": 124,
"width": 437,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "MIFTAHUSSA’ADAH III DEWISARI RENGASDENGKLOK KARAWANG",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 140,
"width": 448,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1 Nida Nur Afifah, 2 Masykur Mansyur, 3 Abdul Kosim 1,2,3 Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang, Indonesia 1 [email protected] , 2 [email protected] , 3 [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 277,
"top": 213,
"width": 45,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 227,
"width": 457,
"height": 232,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring di madrasah diniyah takmiliyah khususnya di Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Miftahussa’adah III. Serta untuk mendeskripsikan problematika selama pembelajaran daring di Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Awaliyah (MDTA) Miftahussa’adah III. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Jenis penelitian kualitatif yang sesuai dengan penelitian ini adalah studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini adalah dengan observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumen. Dikarenakan situasi yang tidak memungkinkan, maka pengumpulan data dilakukan secara daring. Namun, meskipun demikian tidak mengurangi keabsahan data yang diperoleh dan peneliti berusaha agar data yang didapat serinci mungkin. Beradasarkan hasil observasi selama proses pembelajaran dan wawancara dengan pihak madrasah, kepala sekolah dan guru, dapat disimpulkan sebegai berikut. (1) Dapat terlihat bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring di Madrasah Miftahussa’adah III telah terlaksana cukup baik. Pihak sekolah dan orang tua bekerja sama dengan baik dalam proses pembelajaran daring ini. Hal itulah yang menjadi kunci suksesnya pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi ini. (2) Kendala dan permasalahan dalam proses pembelajaran ini terbagi menjadi dua bagian, yaitu siswa dan guru. Namun, dari masing-masing kendala telah ditemukan solusinya seiring dengan terbiasanya melakukan pembelajaran daring.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 475,
"width": 395,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kata kunci: Pembelajaran Daring, Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah, Problematika.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 503,
"width": 48,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 517,
"width": 457,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This study aims to describe the implementation of online learning in Madrasah diniyah takmiliyah, especially at Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Miftahussa'adah III. And to describe the problems during online learning at Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Awaliyah (MDTA) Miftahussa'adah III. This study uses a qualitative method. The type of qualitative research that is appropriate to this research is a case study. The data collection technique of this research is by observation, interview, and document study. Due to the impossibility of the situation, data collection was carried out online. However, this does not reduce the validity of the data obtained and the researcher tries to make the data obtained as detailed as possible. Based on the results of observations during the learning process and interviews with the madrasah, principals and teachers, it can be concluded as follows. (1) It can be seen that the implementation of online learning at Madrasah Miftahussa'adah III has been carried out quite well. The school and parents work well together in this online learning process. This is the key to successful online learning during this pandemic. (2) Constraints and problems in the learning process are divided into two parts, namely students and teachers. However, from each obstacle, a solution has been found along with getting used to doing online learning.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 738,
"width": 366,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords: Online Learning, Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah, Problematics.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 37,
"width": 279,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 51,
"width": 130,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mei 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2 2014-2022 j.al-ulum Universitas Islam Madura",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 73,
"width": 318,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN. 2355-0104 ojs.uim.ac.id E-ISSN. 2549-3833",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "138",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 95,
"width": 71,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 116,
"width": 457,
"height": 259,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sejak akhir tahun 2019, dunia digegerkan dengan penyebaran virus yang kemudian dikenal dengan nama Covid-19. Sampai akhirnya virus ini dinyatakan resmi masuk ke Indonesia pada awal tahun 2020. Merebaknya kasus virus ini memberikan banyak dampak di berbagai aspek kehidupan. Mulai dari bidang kesehatan tentunya, ekonomi, pariwisata, sampai dengan bidang pendidikan. Penyebaran virus yang begitu masif membuat pemerintah mengambil kebijakan untuk menghindari penyebaran virus yang semakin meluas. Dampak kebijakan pemerintah tersebut di bidang pendidikan adalah ditutupnya sekolah-sekolah dan pembelajaran dipindahkan ke rumah masing-masing siswa. Menurut surat edaran Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan 1 Nomor 4 Tahun 2020 tentang Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Pendidikan dalam Masa Darurat Penyebaran Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19), pembelajaran di masa pandemi dilaksanakan dari rumah melalui pembelajaran daring/ jarak jauh dilaksanakan untuk memberikan pengalaman yang bermakna bagi siswa, tanpa tuntutan menuntaskan capaian kurikulum untuk kenaikan maupun kelulusan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 385,
"width": 457,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan surat edaran tersebut, perubahan dalam proses pembelajaran pun terjadi. Sekolah sebagai lembaga pendidikan dan guru sebagai salah satu pelaksana pendidikan dituntut untuk melakukan inovasi serta beradaptasi dengan kondisi ini. Guru juga harus bekerja sama dengan orang tua siswa agar pembelajaran jarak jauh ini dapat terlaksana dengan baik. Pemanfaatan teknologi menjadi salah satu kunci dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran jarak jauh. Bagi sebagian guru, penggunaan teknologi untuk pembelajaran jarak jauh ini adalah hal baru dan perlu dipelajari kembali. Beberapa guru dengan berbagai disiplin ilmu mengalami kendala dan kesulitan dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran jarak jauh ini. Salah satu yang juga terkena dampak ini adalah guru di madrasah diniyah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 571,
"width": 456,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Selain sekolah formal, madrasah diniyah yang merupakan sekolah nonformal pun terkena dampak dari pandemi virus Covid-19 ini. Berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Bersama Menteri Pendidikan, Meteri Agama, Menteri Kesehatan dan Meteri Dalam Negeri 2 , madrasah diniyah takmiliyah yang tidak berasrama melaksanakan pembelajaran sebagaimana ketentuan untuk satuan pendidikan jenjang pendidikan dasar, pendidikan menengah, dan pendidikan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 704,
"width": 456,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1 Surat Edaran Mendikbud No. 4 Tahun 2020 tentang Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Pendidikan dalam Masa Darurat Penyebaran Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19), (2020), diakses 13 Juli 2021, www.kemendikbud.go.id",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 727,
"width": 456,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2 Surat Keputusan Bersama Menteri Pendidikan, Meteri Agama, Menteri Kesehatan dan Meteri Dalam Negeri tentang Panduan Penyelenggaraan Pembelajaran Pada Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021 dan Tahun Akademik 2020/2021 di Masa Pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19), (2020), diakses 13 Juli 2021, , www.kemendikbud.go.id",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 37,
"width": 279,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 51,
"width": 130,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mei 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2 2014-2022 j.al-ulum Universitas Islam Madura",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 73,
"width": 318,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN. 2355-0104 ojs.uim.ac.id E-ISSN. 2549-3833",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "139",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 95,
"width": 457,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "tinggi yang tidak berasrama. Dengan demikian, pembelajaran di madrasah diniyah yang notabene mempelajari ilmu agama harus dilaksanakan secara jarak jauh.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 137,
"width": 457,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian mengenai pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring ini pernah dilakukan sebelumnya oleh Dewi Fatimah yang berjudul “Analisis Pembelajaran Daring pada Masa Pandemi Covid- 19 di Sekolah dasar” pun relevan dengan penelitian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring pada masa pandemi di kelas VA Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu Ahmad Dahlan. 3 Dalam penelitiannya, Fatimah mengungkapkan bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring di SDIT Ahmad Dahlan tepatnya pada kelas V A sudah terlaksana cukup baik, peserta didik dan guru telah memiliki fasilitas-fasilitas dasar yang dibutuhkan, hal itu menggambarkan kesiapan pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring. Dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring guru sudah melakukan perencanaan pembelajaran dan sudah melaksanakan pembelajaran dengan baik yaitu menggunakan media pembelajaran, strategi, metode dan pendekatan pembelajaran yang disesuaikan dengan peserta didik 4 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 364,
"width": 457,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian yang relevan selanjutnya adalah yang dilakukan oleh Masruroh Lubis, dkk. dengan judul “Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis E-Leraning (Studi Inovasi Pendidik MTS. PAI Medan di Tengah Wabah Covid-19)” juga relevan dengan penelitian ini. Penelitian tersebut bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan terkait dengan pembelajaran jarak jauh selama masa darurat Covid-19, ragam inovasi pembelajaran yang diterapkan guru PAI, dan hambatan yang dihadapi oleh guru Pendidikan Agama Islam selama pembelajaran jarak jauh 5 . Dalam penelitiannya Lubis, dkk.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 509,
"width": 457,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pendidikan Agama Islam selama Masa darurat Covid-19 ialah tetap melaksanakan pembelajaran, namun dilaksanakan dengan sistem jarak jauh berbasis jaringan internet. Kebijakan ini selalu diterapkan dengan mengikut aturan pemerintah, inovasi pada kegiatan intrakurikuler, diantaranya seperti penyajian pembelajaran dengan multimedia, dan hambatan yang dihadapi ialah 1) kesalahan mindset, 2) Minimya komptensi, 3) ketidaksiapan guru dan siswa dalam menghadapi pembelajaran E-Learning 6 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 634,
"width": 457,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Selain itu, penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Muhammad Nurul Mubin (2021) yang berjudul “Pembelajaran Daring Pendidikan Agama Islam di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 692,
"width": 456,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3 Dewi Fatimah, “Analisis Pembelajaran Daring pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Sekolah Dasar” (Skripsi, Universitas Jambi, 2021), 5.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 715,
"width": 47,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4 Ibid., 57.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 727,
"width": 456,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5 Masruroh Lubis, dkk., “Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis E-Leraning (Studi Inovasi Pendidik MTS. PAI Medan di Tengah Wabah Covid-19),” Fitrah: Journal of Islamic Education (FJIE) 1 No. 1 (Juli 2020): 2, diakses: 13 Juli 2021, http://jurnal.staisumatera-medan.ac.id/index.php/fitrah",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 761,
"width": 44,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6 Ibid., 16.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 37,
"width": 279,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 51,
"width": 130,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mei 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2 2014-2022 j.al-ulum Universitas Islam Madura",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 73,
"width": 318,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN. 2355-0104 ojs.uim.ac.id E-ISSN. 2549-3833",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "140",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 93,
"width": 457,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sekolah Menengah Sederajat” juga relevan dengan penelitian ini. Penelitian tersebut bertujuan untuk mengkaji seperti apa bagaimana konsep pembelajaran PAI di masa pandemi Covid-19 di sekolah menengah sederajat 7 . Hasil penelitiannya sebagai berikut: 1) beberapa metode pembelajaran yang dilakukan pada kondiri pandemi ini di antaranya diskusi dan penugasan berbasis online, serta project based learning; 2) beberapa aplikasi meanstream yang bisa digunakan untuk pembelajaran daring di antaranya whatsapp, google classroom, zoom, edmodo, dan sebagainya; 3) Kerja sama orang tua dan guru merupakan persyaratan mutlak untuk pembelajaran Daring. 8",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 261,
"width": 457,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini relevan dengan penelitian-penelitian terdahulu tersebut dan memiliki kesamaan yaitu mengangkat permasalah pembelajaran daring yang sampai saat ini masih dilaksanakan. Namun, terdapat juga perbedaan antara penelitian ini dengan penelitian terdahulu yang relevan. Perbedaannya terletak pada fokus dan tujuan penelitian. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pembelajaran daring yang dilaksanakan di Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah. Serta bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring di madrasah diniyah takmiliyah khususnya di Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Miftahussa’adah III. Serta untuk mendeskripsikan problematika selama pembelajaran daring di Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Awaliyah (MDTA) Miftahussa’adah III.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 445,
"width": 457,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Madrasah Diniyah Miftahussa’adah III adalah salah satu lembaga pendidikan yang bernaung di Yayasan Miftahus Sa’adah Al-Amin. Madrasah ini berlokasi di Desa Dewisari Kecamatan Rengasdengklok Kabupaten Karawang. Lokasi madrasah ini cukup terpencil. Namun, pada kondisi saat ini madrasah ini mencoba mengikuti kebijakan pemerintah yang berlaku, yaitu melaksanakan pembelajaran jarak jauh. Meskipun terkendala banyak hal, tetapi pelaksanaan pembelajaran tatap muka ini tetap dilaksanakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 571,
"width": 457,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang dapat diartikan sebagai metode penelitian yang berlandaskan pada filsafat postpositivisme, digunakan untuk meneliti pada kondisi obyek alamiah. 9 Jenis penelitian kualitatif yang sesuai dengan penelitian ini adalah studi kasus. Menurut Sujarweni, studi kasus 10 merupakan penelitian mengenai manusia (dapat suatu kelompok, organisasi maupun individu), peristiwa, latar secara mendalam, tujuan dari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 692,
"width": 456,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "7 Muhammad Nurul Mubin, “Pembelajaran Daring Pendidikan Agama Islam di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Sekolah Menengah sederajat,” Heutagogia: Journal of Islamic Education 1 No. 1 (April 2021): 16, diakses: 13 Juli 2021, http://ejournal.uin-suka.ac.id > view",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 727,
"width": 47,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "8 Ibid., 16.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 738,
"width": 381,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "9 Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kombinasi:Mixed Methods, (Bandung: Alfabeta cv., 2018), 11.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 750,
"width": 456,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "10 V. Wiratna Sujarweni, Metodologi Penelitian: Lengkap, Praktis, dan Mudah Dipahami, (Yogyakarta: PUSTAKABARUPRESS, 2014), 22.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 37,
"width": 279,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 51,
"width": 130,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mei 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2 2014-2022 j.al-ulum Universitas Islam Madura",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 73,
"width": 318,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN. 2355-0104 ojs.uim.ac.id E-ISSN. 2549-3833",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "141",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 95,
"width": 457,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "penelitian ini mendapatkan gambaran yang mendalam tentang suatu kasus yang sedang diteliti. Sumber data penelitian ini terdiri dari sumber data primer dan sumber data sekunder. Sumber data primer maksudnya sumber data utama yang diperoleh langsung dari responden. Sumber data ini adalah guru-guru di Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah, khususnya yang ada di llingkup DTA Miftahussa’adah III. Sedangkan, sumber data sekunder adalah sumber data pendukung yang didapat dari dokumen-dokumen dan hal lain yang mendukung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 220,
"width": 457,
"height": 176,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini adalah dengan observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumen. Dikarenakan situasi yang tidak memungkinkan, maka pengumpulan data dilakukan secara daring. Namun, meskipun demikian tidak mengurangi keabsahan data yang diperoleh dan peneliti berusaha agar data yang didapat serinci mungkin. Responden wawancara pada penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah dan guru-guru di Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Awaliyah Miftahussa’adah III. Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini dengan menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif. Maksudnya temuan-temuan data dilapangan akan dikemukakan dengan cara mendeskripsikan temuan-temuan tersebut dengan redaksi kalimat yang menggambaran kejadian sesuai apa adanya 11 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 406,
"width": 95,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Metode penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 427,
"width": 457,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian kali ini menggunakan jenis penelitian studi lapangan ( feel research ). Dengan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian bertujuan meneliti tentang pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi covid-19 di Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Awaliyah (MDTA) Miftahussa’adah III Dewisari Rengasdengklok Karawang, sedangkan peneliti menjadi salah satu instrument yang penting (instrument kunci), teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan secara wawancara atau interview, obeservasi lapang dan analisis data dokumentasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 551,
"width": 68,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 569,
"width": 289,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pembelajaran Daring di Madrasah Miftahussa’adah III",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 590,
"width": 457,
"height": 96,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pembelajaran jarak jauh secara daring 12 adalah pembelajaran jarak jauh yang cara pengantaran bahan ajar dan interaksinya dilakukan dengan perantara teknologi internet. Dalam pembelajaran daring ini kelas di sekolah digantikan dengan kelas virtual. Oleh sebab itu, fasilitas dan koneksi internet memegang peranan penting dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 704,
"width": 456,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "11 Masruroh Lubis, dkk., “Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis E-Leraning (Studi Inovasi Pendidik MTS. PAI Medan di Tengah Wabah Covid-19),” Fitrah: Journal of Islamic Education (FJIE) 1 No. 1 (Juli 2020): 5, diakses: 13 Juli 2021, http://jurnal.staisumatera-medan.ac.id/index.php/fitrah",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 738,
"width": 456,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "12 Agus Sumantri, dkk., “Booklet Pembelajaran Daring”, Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi Kemdikbud RI, (2020): 6, diakses 13 Juli 2021, https://dikti.kemdikbud.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Booklet- Pemebelajaran-Daring.pdf",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 37,
"width": 279,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 51,
"width": 130,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mei 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2 2014-2022 j.al-ulum Universitas Islam Madura",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 73,
"width": 318,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN. 2355-0104 ojs.uim.ac.id E-ISSN. 2549-3833",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "142",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 95,
"width": 457,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil temuan dan pengolahan data, ditemukan beberapa poin penting. Untuk melaksanakan pembelajaran daring, kepala sekolah Madrasah Miftahussa’adah III membuat peraturan yang didasarkan pada surat edaran Kemendikbud No. 4 Tahun 2020. Edaran tersebut memberikan penegasan bahwa pembelajaran dilakukan secara daring dari rumah. Bahkan sebenarnya bukan hanya aktivitas pembelajaran saja, melainkan aktivitas lain seperti administrasi pembelajaran, evaluasi pembelajaran pun dilakukan dengan cara jarak jauh berbasis digital. 13 Kebijakan kepala sekolah tersebut meliputi pelaksanakan pembelajaran hingga evaluasi pembelajaran.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 261,
"width": 457,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Teknis pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring yaitu sebegai berikut: 1) pembelajaran di masa pandemi dilaksanakan dengan cara jarak jauh dengan menggunakan jaringan internet, 2) media komunikasi selama pembelajaran jarak jauh ini adalah menggunakan aplikasi ruang obrolan dan membuat grup di dalamnya, 3) pembelajaran dapat dilaksanakan dengan dua cara, antara lain: pembelajaran satu arah yaitu guru menyampaikan materi-materi pembelajaran baik berupa video, rekaman suara, gambar, dan lain sebagainya; serta pembelajaran dua arah yaitu guru dan siswa melakukan komunikasi secara timbal balik dengan cara video call atau video conference , 4) evaluasi pembelajaran dilaksanakan secara daring yaitu dengan cara mengoreksi dan memberikan nilai untuk setiap tugas yang diberikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 447,
"width": 457,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pelaksaan pembelajaran daring di Madrasah Miftahussa’adah III meliputi tiga tahap, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Berdasarkan temuan, guru-guru di Madrasah Miftahussa’adah III selalu membuat perencanaan pembelajaran sebelum melakukan kegiatan belajar mengajar. Menurutnya, perencanaan sebelum mengajar penting dilakukan. Seperti yang dikemukakan dalam Booklet Pembelajaran Daring, tujuan merancang pembelajaran daring adalah untuk menghasilkan rencana pembelajaran semester (RPS) beserta perangkat pembelajaran, seperti instrumen penilaian dan objek pembelajaran yang efisien dan efektif. 14",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 590,
"width": 457,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perencanaan pembelajaran 15 dapat diartikan sebagai proses penyusunan materi pelajaran, penggunaan media pengajaran, penggunaan pendekatan dan metode pengajaran, dan penilaian dalam suatu alokasi waktu yang akan dilaksanakan pada masa tertentu untuk mencapai tujuan yang telah ditentukan. Sebelum pembelajaran daring ini, perencanaan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 681,
"width": 456,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "13 Masruroh Lubis, dkk., “Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis E-Leraning (Studi Inovasi Pendidik MTS. PAI Medan di Tengah Wabah Covid-19),” Fitrah: Journal of Islamic Education (FJIE) 1 No. 1 (Juli 2020): 8, diakses: 13 Juli 2021, http://jurnal.staisumatera-medan.ac.id/index.php/fitrah",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 715,
"width": 456,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "14 Agus Sumantri, dkk., “Booklet Pembelajaran Daring”, Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi Kemdikbud RI, (2020): 6, diakses 13 Juli 2021, https://dikti.kemdikbud.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Booklet- Pemebelajaran-Daring.pdf",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 750,
"width": 456,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "15 Abdul Majid, Perencanaan Pembelajaran: Mengembangkan Standar Kompetensi Guru, (Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 2011), 17.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 37,
"width": 279,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 51,
"width": 130,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mei 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2 2014-2022 j.al-ulum Universitas Islam Madura",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 73,
"width": 318,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN. 2355-0104 ojs.uim.ac.id E-ISSN. 2549-3833",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "143",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 95,
"width": 456,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "pembelajaran atau RPP dibuat untuk satu semester sekaligus. Namun, selama pembelajaran daring ini guru membuat RPP untuk pembelajaran satu minggu. RPP yang dibuat pun hanya satu lembar yang memuat rincian materi yang akan disampaikan, kegiatan pembelajaran meliputi pendahuluan; inti; dan penutup, serta rencana evaluasi yang akan dilakukan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 178,
"width": 457,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Selain membuat RPP, guru juga mempersiapkan media yang akan digunakan untuk menyampaikan materi. Sebelum pembelajaran daring ini, guru hanya mengandalkan media yang telah ada di madrasah. Namun, kini guru harus membuat media untuk setiap materi yang akan disampaikan. Media yang dibuat guru berbeda-beda menyesuaikan materi, di antaranya media visual, audio, dan audiovisual. Jika tidak membuat media sendiri, guru menggunakan alternatif dengan mencari video yang relevan dengan materi di platform Youtube untuk dijadikan media pembelajaran. Guru juga menyiapkan bahan ajar untuk kegiatan belajar mengajar. Sebetulnya, guru bisa saja memakai buku LKS yang diperjualbelikan di toko buku. Namun, karena mempertimbangkan beberapa hal akhirnya guru membuat bahan ajarnya sendiri berupa lembar kerja siswa yang dilengkapi poin penting materi. Lembar tersebut diberikan dan dikumpulkan kembali dalam rentang mingguan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 406,
"width": 457,
"height": 218,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tahap selanjutnya setelah perencanaan adalah pelaksanaan kegiatan pembelajaran daring. Pihak sekolah melarang guru hanya memberikan tugas tanpa adanya penjelasan, sesi diskusi, dan timbal balik yang tidak relevan. Maka dalam proses pembelajaran daring di Madrasah Miftahussa’adah III dilakukan dengan tiga cara. Pertama, guru memberikan penjelasan materi, dalam hal ini guru dibebaskan memilih media yang akan digunakan untuk memudahkan siswa menerima materi tersebut. Kedua, mengadakan sesi diskusi antara guru dan siswa mengenai materi-materi yang diberikan. Diskusi ini dilaksanakan dengan memanfaatkan aplikasi video conference, Zoom. Ketiga, guru mengevaluasi hasil belajar siswa baik dari sesi diskusi maupun pengumpulan tugas. Cara siswa mengumpulkan tugas kepada guru yaitu dengan memfoto hasil pekerjaannya dan dikirimkan kepada guru melalui WhatsApp .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 634,
"width": 457,
"height": 114,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Beradasarkan hasil observasi selama proses pembelajaran, terlihat guru menggunakan beberapa metode yaitu ceramah, diskusi, dan penugasan. Menurut guru, metode ceramah akan lebih efektif dalam menyampaikan materi saat pembelajaran jarak jauh ini. Metode diskusi pun dilakukan untuk menyeimbangkan proses pembelajaran, sehingga tidak monoton hanya satu arah. Penugasan yang diberikan pun tidak banyak karena khawatir akan membebani siswa. Kesiapan guru dan siswa selama pembelajaran daring ini cukup baik, mengingat lokasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 37,
"width": 279,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 51,
"width": 130,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mei 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2 2014-2022 j.al-ulum Universitas Islam Madura",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 73,
"width": 318,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN. 2355-0104 ojs.uim.ac.id E-ISSN. 2549-3833",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "144",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 95,
"width": 456,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "madrasah ini di daerah. Meskipun masih ditemui beberapa problematika dalam pelaksanaanya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 137,
"width": 457,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Selain menggunakan metode yang bervariasi, guru juga menggunakan media yang beragam. Untuk pembelajaran materi bahasa Arab, yang peneliti ikuti pembelajarannya, guru menggunakan media audiovisual yaitu berupa video. Guru mengawali pembelajaran dengan memutarkan video kosakata dalam bahasa Arab dan siswa menyimaknya. Cara ini cukup efektif memberikan stimulus awal kepada siswa. Terlihat dari antusiasnya siswa ketika guru memutarkan video tersebut dan memberikan pertanyaan setelahnya. Beberapa siswa terlihat sudah menghafal kosakata tersebut karena sebelumnya guru juga sudah memberikan link video tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 301,
"width": 457,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Selanjutnya, mengenai evaluasi pembelajaran. Evaluasi pembelajaran 16 adalah proses untuk menentukan nilai pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan melalui kegiatan pengukuran dan penilaian pembelajaran. Dengan demikian kegiatan evaluasi pembelajaran dapat berupa pengukuran maupun penilaian terhadap kemampuan siswa baik pengetahuan, sikap, maupun keterampilan. Evaluasi dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui keefktifan dan efisiensi sistem pembelajaran, serta untuk menghimpun data yang dijadikan sebagai bukti mengenai taraf kemajuan peserta didik dalam proses pendidikan selama kurun waktu tertentu. 17",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 447,
"width": 457,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring, guru selalu melakukan evaluasi setiap selesai pertemuan virtual. Seperti saat peneliti melakukan observasi, pada akhir pembelajaran guru melakukan refleksi dan bertanya kepada siswa. Hal tersebut bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pemahaman siswa terhadap materi yang dibahas. Selain itu, evaluasi juga dilakukan dengan memberikan tugas kepada siswa mengenai materi yang telah dipelajari. Setelah tugas tersebut dinilai oleh guru, selanjutnya guru akan memberikan koreksi dan timbal balik berupa pemberian informasi nilai yang diperoleh. Guru juga menyampaikan kepada orang tua secara berkala mengenai kondisi dan hasil belajar siswa selama pembelajaran daring.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 613,
"width": 362,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Problematika Pembelajaran Daring di Madrasah Miftahussa’adah III",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 634,
"width": 457,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Seperti yang telah dipaparkan dalam pembahasan di atas bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring di Madrasah Miftahussa’adah III cukup baik. Namun, terlaksananya pembelajaran daring tersebut tidak luput dari kendala dan permasalahan. Peneliti menemukan kendala dan permasalahan tersebut dan mengklasifikasikannya menjadi dua bagian, yaitu siswa dan guru.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 750,
"width": 390,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "16 Elis Ratnawulan, H.A. Rusdiana, Evaluasi Pembelajaran, (Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2017), 21.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 761,
"width": 47,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "17 Ibid., 26.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 37,
"width": 279,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 51,
"width": 130,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mei 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2 2014-2022 j.al-ulum Universitas Islam Madura",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 73,
"width": 318,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN. 2355-0104 ojs.uim.ac.id E-ISSN. 2549-3833",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "145",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 95,
"width": 457,
"height": 198,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kendala dan permasalahan siswa dalam menjalani pembelajaran daring ini sebagian besar mengenai sulitnya belajar secara daring. Peneliti mewawancarai beberapa siswa kelas IV diniyah dan berdasarkan wawancara tersebut peneliti mendapat dua poin penting. Pertama, siswa kesulitan memahami materi pelajaran. Hampir semua materi pelajaran di madrasah diniyah adalah berkaitan dengan penggunaan bahasa Arab dan praktik. Seperti pelajaran Al- Quran, materi mengenai makharijul huruf atau tajwid, akan lebih sulit ketika belajar secara virtual. Solusi dari permasalahan ini adalah orang tua siap sedia mendampingi dan membimbing siswa selama pembelajaran daring. Selain itu, guru juga memberikan waktu untuk siswa bertanya jika ketika pembelajaran ada materi yang tidak dipahami. Kedua solusi tersebut cukup mengatasi permasalahan siswa yang mengalami kesulitan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 302,
"width": 457,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kedua, tidak semua siswa memiliki akses memakai gawai untuk pembelajaran daring. Ada beberapa siswa yang harus bergantian menggunakan gawai dengan kakaknya karena sama-sama melaksanakan pembelajaran daring. Ada pula siswa yang memang tidak memiliki gawai melainkan masih menggunakan HP jadul. Solusi yang diberikan sekolah untuk permasalahan ini adalah siswa yang tidak memiliki akses untuk pembelajaran daring boleh ikut dengan temannya yang punya akses, dengan catatan rumahnya berdekatan. Sehingga meskipun tidak memiliki akses, siswa tersebut tetap dapat mengikuti pembelajaran daring.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 447,
"width": 457,
"height": 177,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kendala selanjutnya adalah dari pihak guru. Tidak semua guru bisa dan memahami cara pembelajaran daring ini. Beberapa guru yang sudah usia lanjut mengalami kesulitan ketika melaksanakan pembelajaran daring ini. Guru-guru tersebut belajar kembali mengenai teknologi yang dipakai dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring. Dengan demikian, beban guru pun bertambah. Selain harus menyiapkan perangkat pembelajaran untuk pembelajaran daring ini, guru juga harus kembali belajar mengenai teknologi. Solusi yang diberikan sekolah untuk permasalahan ini adalah mempersiapkan perangkat pembelajaran dilaksanakan bersama-sama dengan setiap guru di semua kelas. Sehingga guru yang tidak mampu menjadi dapat belajar bersama-sama.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 634,
"width": 457,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Selain itu, permasalahan yang dihadapi guru dalam pembelajaran daring ini adalah kurang kondusifnya kelas virtual. Terkadang ketika pembelajaran berlangsung siswa tidak fokus pada penjelasan guru atau diskusi yang sedang berlangsung. Ditemui berbagai kasus siswa yang ketika pembelajaran berlangsung sambil melakukan kegiatan lain. Bahkan ada yang diganggu oleh adiknya ketika sedang belajar. Untuk memastikan siswa tetap mengikuti kelas dengan baik, guru memberlakukan untuk wajib menyalakan kamera ketika sedang video conference melalui Zoom . Sehingga guru dapat memantau kegiatan siswa selama",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 37,
"width": 279,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 51,
"width": 130,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mei 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2 2014-2022 j.al-ulum Universitas Islam Madura",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 73,
"width": 318,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN. 2355-0104 ojs.uim.ac.id E-ISSN. 2549-3833",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "146",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 95,
"width": 457,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "pembelajaran berlangsung. Guru juga tidak lama-lama dalam memberikan materi pelajaran kepada siswa. Hal tersebut karena khawatir siswa akan jenuh atau hilang fokusnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 137,
"width": 65,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 157,
"width": 457,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Beradasarkan hasil observasi selama proses pembelajaran dan wawancara dengan pihak madrasah, kepala sekolah dan guru, dapat disimpulkan sebegai berikut: 1) Dapat terlihat bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring di Madrasah Miftahussa’adah III telah terlaksana cukup baik. Pihak sekolah dan orang tua bekerja sama dengan baik dalam proses pembelajaran daring ini. Hal itulah yang menjadi kunci suksesnya pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi ini. Peran guru sebagai perencana, pelaksana, dan yang mengevaluasi pembelajaran sangat besar. 2) Kendala dan permasalahan dalam proses pembelajaran ini terbagi menjadi dua bagian, yaitu siswa dan guru.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 323,
"width": 457,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kendala siswa meliputi: pertama, siswa kesulitan memahami materi pelajaran. Hampir semua materi pelajaran di madrasah diniyah adalah berkaitan dengan penggunaan bahasa Arab dan praktik. Kedua, tidak semua siswa memiliki akses memakai gawai untuk pembelajaran daring. Kendala guru antara lain: tidak semua guru bisa dan memahami cara pembelajaran daring ini dan kurang kondusifnya kelas virtual. Terkadang ketika pembelajaran berlangsung siswa tidak fokus pada penjelasan guru atau diskusi yang sedang berlangsung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 447,
"width": 457,
"height": 198,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dari setiap kendala dan permasalahan pada pembelajaran daring, terdapat beberapa solusi yang dapat dan telah diteranpkan, antara lain: solusi dari permasalahan kesulitan belajar adalah orang tua siap sedia mendampingi dan membimbing siswa selama pembelajaran daring. Selain itu, guru juga memberikan waktu untuk siswa bertanya jika ketika pembelajaran ada materi yang tidak dipahami. Kedua solusi tersebut cukup mengatasi permasalahan siswa yang mengalami kesulitan. Serta, solusi yang diberikan sekolah untuk permasalahan keterbatasan fasilitas adalah siswa yang tidak memiliki akses untuk pembelajaran daring boleh ikut dengan temannya yang punya akses, dengan catatan rumahnya berdekatan. Sehingga meskipun tidak memiliki akses, siswa tersebut tetap dapat mengikuti pembelajaran daring.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 654,
"width": 457,
"height": 115,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Solusi yang diberikan sekolah untuk permasalahan guru adalah mempersiapkan perangkat pembelajaran dilaksanakan bersama-sama dengan setiap guru di semua kelas. Sehingga guru yang tidak mampu menjadi dapat belajar bersama-sama. Serta, Untuk memastikan siswa tetap mengikuti kelas dengan baik, guru memberlakukan untuk wajib menyalakan kamera ketika sedang video conference melalui Zoom . Sehingga guru dapat memantau kegiatan siswa selama pembelajaran berlangsung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 37,
"width": 279,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PEMIKIRAN KEISLAMAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 51,
"width": 130,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mei 2022. Vol. 9. No. 2 2014-2022 j.al-ulum Universitas Islam Madura",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 140,
"top": 73,
"width": 318,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "ISSN. 2355-0104 ojs.uim.ac.id E-ISSN. 2549-3833",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "147",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 95,
"width": 81,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Daftar Pustaka",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 120,
"width": 457,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fatimah, Dewi. “Analisis Pembelajaran Daring pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Sekolah Dasar” Skripsi, Universitas Jambi, 2021.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 151,
"width": 457,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lubis, Masruroh dkk. “Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis E-Leraning (Studi Inovasi Pendidik MTS. PAI Medan di Tengah Wabah Covid-19),” Fitrah: Journal of Islamic Education (FJIE) 1 No. 1 (Juli 2020): 2, diakses: 13 Juli 2021, http://jurnal.staisumatera-medan.ac.id/index.php/fitrah",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 206,
"width": 456,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Majid, Abdul. Perencanaan Pembelajaran: Mengembangkan Standar Kompetensi Guru. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 2011,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 231,
"width": 457,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mubin, Muhammad Nurul. “Pembelajaran Daring Pendidikan Agama Islam di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Sekolah Menengah sederajat,” Heutagogia: Journal of Islamic Education 1 No. 1 (April 2021): 16, diakses: 13 Juli 2021, http://ejournal.uin- suka.ac.id",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 289,
"width": 434,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ratnawulan, Elis, H.A. Rusdiana. Evaluasi Pembelajaran. Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2017. Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Kombinasi: Mixed Methods. Bandung: Alfabeta cv., 2018.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 316,
"width": 457,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sujarweni, V. Wiratna Sujarweni. Metodologi Penelitian: Lengkap, Praktis, dan Mudah Dipahami. Yogyakarta: PUSTAKABARUPRESS, 2014. Sumantri, Agus, dkk. “Booklet Pembelajaran Daring”, Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi Kemdikbud RI, (2020): 6, diakses 13 Juli 2021, https://dikti.kemdikbud.go.id/wp- content/uploads/2020/12/Booklet-Pemebelajaran-Daring.pdf",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 385,
"width": 457,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Surat Edaran Mendikbud No. 4 Tahun 2020 tentang Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Pendidikan dalam Masa Darurat Penyebaran Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19), (2020), diakses 13 Juli 2021, www.kemendikbud.go.id",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 427,
"width": 457,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Surat Keputusan Bersama Menteri Pendidikan, Meteri Agama, Menteri Kesehatan dan Meteri Dalam Negeri tentang Panduan Penyelenggaraan Pembelajaran Pada Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021 dan Tahun Akademik 2020/2021 di Masa Pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19), (2020), diakses 13 Juli 2021, www.kemendikbud.go.id",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
b162bbd5-94d5-39d5-7471-25eaace4dd24 | http://jutif.if.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jurnal/article/download/1338/458 | [
{
"left": 85,
"top": 56,
"width": 454,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jurnal Teknik Informatika (JUTIF) DOI: https://doi.org/10.52436/1.jutif.2024.5.2.1338 Vol. 5, No. 2, April 2024, pp. 357-365 p-ISSN: 2723-3863",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 464,
"top": 78,
"width": 75,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e-ISSN: 2723-3871",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 787,
"width": 21,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "357",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 112,
"top": 99,
"width": 402,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DOCKER-BASED MONOLITHIC AND MICROSERVICES ARCHITECTURE PERFORMANCE COMPARISON",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 163,
"top": 136,
"width": 299,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Deni Panji Dirgantara *1 , Dana Sulistyo Kusumo 2 , Rio Guntur Utomo 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 159,
"width": 374,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1,3 Information Technology Department, School of Computing, Telkom University, Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 130,
"top": 170,
"width": 367,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2 Software Engineering Department, School of Computing, Telkom University, Indonesia Email: 1 [email protected] , 2 [email protected] , 3 [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 123,
"top": 218,
"width": 379,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(Article received: August 19, 2023; Revision: September 14, 2023; published: April 04, 2024)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 241,
"width": 34,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 264,
"width": 456,
"height": 181,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Most developers still use the monolithic architecture, where all components of an application are combined into one integrated system, so each part depends on other components. The monolithic architecture has weaknesses, such as when a failure occurs in one component, all parts cannot be executed because each component relies on one other component. Microservices can be a solution to this, considering that in the microservices architecture, each element or service is created and put separately, so when a failure occurs in one component, other components will not be affected and can still run normally. This research aims to determine the implementation and performance comparison between monolithic architecture and microservices Architecture in the Agreeculture Market web app. Agreeculture Market is a web application that aims to facilitate the transaction process of agricultural commodities and make it easier for agricultural commodity producers to market their products. The measurement method used to measure the performance of both architectures is load testing using JMeter and performance tools from task manager and comparing the response time, throughput, disk usage, CPU usage, and memory usage of both used architectures. With two measurement schemes with Docker and without Docker, the result of this research is a performance comparison between the two architectures, where the backend application Agreeculture Market, which uses microservices architecture with Docker and API gateway, performs better than the monolithic architecture version. Conversely, the monolithic architecture performs better than the microservices architecture in the scheme without Docker and API gateway.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 459,
"width": 398,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords : docker, microservices architecture, monolithic architecture, performance comparison.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 496,
"width": 101,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. INTRODUCTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 513,
"width": 215,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Monolithic Architecture is still popular among developers, especially beginners, because of its easier implementation [1], [2]. However, microservices architecture is widely used today because it has several advantages, such as easy service organisation, the ability to use different technologies, and the ability to make updates without the need to redeploy all services. On the other hand, Microservice Architecture also has disadvantages, such as increasing complexity as services boost and requiring advanced skills from developers [1], [3].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 639,
"width": 215,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Microservices architecture is an application architecture where each component or can be called services is placed separately from other services [2]. It differs from a monolithic architecture combining all services in one codebase. According to [6], microservices architecture has advantages in terms of scalability and also fast development cycles. The scalability of microservices architecture can be said to be better than monolithic architecture because it does not need to change many components to develop the entire application so that it can be easier and faster [6], [7]. in addition, microservices architecture also",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 495,
"width": 215,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "has easier maintenance compared to monolithic architecture [8], [9].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 518,
"width": 216,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Docker container is necessary for developing and running microservices applications. Because, with docker container, the authors can run all services simultaneously [4]. In [5], the authors measured the performance of microservices applications using docker container and monolithic applications without using docker container, so a further approach is needed to measure microservices and monolithic performance with better scenarios.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 622,
"width": 215,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This research aims to compare the implementation and performance between microservice architecture and monolithic architecture on the agreeculture market web app, hoping to show the advantages of using microservice architecture in terms of application efficiency and performance. Agreeculture Market is a web application that aims to facilitate the transaction process of agricultural commodities and make it easier for agricultural commodity producers to market their products.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 737,
"width": 216,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This research is divided into five sections as follows: section one is the introduction of this paper, section two discusses related previous research, section three discusses the development method and",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 57,
"width": 312,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "358 Jurnal Teknik Informatika (JUTIF) , Vol. 5, No. 2, April 2024, pp. 357-365",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 87,
"width": 215,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "structure of the application, section four discusses the results of the performance comparison analysis between microservices architecture and monolithic architecture, and section five contains conclusions and suggestions from the research conducted.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 157,
"width": 66,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. METHOD",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 174,
"width": 215,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The authors use a conceptual model to facilitate the flow of development and performance testing of the Agreeculture Market backend web application. The flow of development and performance testing of the Agreeculture Market backend web application using Microservices Architecture technology is shown in the following figure 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 389,
"width": 137,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 1. Research Methodology Diagram",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 411,
"width": 215,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. The problem identification stage is the stage where the authors identify existing problems.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 434,
"width": 215,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. At the literature study stage, the authors conducted a literature study of previous research to obtain a theoretical basis related to the research being conducted.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 480,
"width": 215,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. The authors started developing the Agreeculture Market backend web application at the application development stage with the NodeJS framework.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 526,
"width": 215,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. The performance analysis stage is where the authors take measurements and compares the measurement results between the applications built with the two architectures used, microservices and monolithic architectures.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 583,
"width": 215,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. After the performance analysis stage, the authors documented the entire research and conducted the documentation stage.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 630,
"width": 190,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.1. Structure of Agreeculture Market Web Application with Microservices Architecture",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 659,
"width": 215,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Six services have different business objectives in the Agreeculture Market web application with Microservice Architecture shown in figure 2.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 693,
"width": 215,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Wishlist Service aims to display and process data on items buyers want. Wishlist Service is run on port 8080 for API Gateway and port 9025 if without API Gateway.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 739,
"width": 215,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Cart Service has the purpose of displaying and processing shopping list data from unpaid buyers. Cart Service is run on port 8080 for API Gateway and port 9010 without API Gateway.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 87,
"width": 215,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. User Service has the purpose of processing user data with an account on the Agreeculture Market and is divided into two roles: buyers and sellers. User Service is run on port 8080 for API Gateway and port 9000 without API Gateway.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 145,
"width": 215,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Offer Service aims to provide offer data related to products in the Agreeculture Market web application to buyers. Offer Service is run on port 8080 for API Gateway and port 9015 without API Gateway.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 202,
"width": 215,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. Transaction Service aims to process data related to buyer transactions, such as transaction status and terms. Transaction Service is run on port 8080 for API Gateway and port 9005 without API Gateway.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 260,
"width": 215,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6. Product Service aims to display and process product data in the Agreeculture Market Web Application. Product Service is run on port 8080 for API Gateway and port 9020 without API Gateway.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 329,
"width": 188,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.2. Structure of Agreeculture Market Web Application with Monolithic Architecture",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 358,
"width": 215,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The web application Agreeculture Market application structure with monolithic architecture has the same service structure as the microservice mrchitecture but is differentiated based on figure 3. Agreeculture Market Web Application with Monolithic Architecture runs on port 9001.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 439,
"width": 134,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2.3. Performance Measurement",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 457,
"width": 215,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In this study, the authors measured performance with the load testing method, and the tools used were JMeter [16]. There are two measurement schemes, the measurement scheme with the use of docker container and without docker container. Both architectures will be measured in each scheme, and the measurement results using the two architectures will be compared.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 300,
"top": 738,
"width": 211,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 2. Microservices Architecture-based Service Agreeculture Market Structure Diagram",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 264,
"top": 57,
"width": 274,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Deni Panji Dirgantara, et al., DOCKER-BASED MONOLITHIC AND … 359",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 302,
"width": 201,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 3. Monolithic Architecture-based Service Agreeculture Market Structure Diagram",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 457,
"width": 205,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 4a. CPU usage on microservices application on schemes with docker",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 612,
"width": 212,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 4b. CPU usage on monolithic application on schemes with docker",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 768,
"width": 205,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 4c. CPU usage on microservices application on schemes without docker",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 336,
"top": 215,
"width": 196,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 4d. CPU usage on monolithic application on schemes without docker",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 331,
"top": 371,
"width": 205,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 4e. Disk usage on microservices application on schemes with docker",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 328,
"top": 528,
"width": 210,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 4f. Disk usage on monolithic application on schemes with docker",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 331,
"top": 684,
"width": 205,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 4g. Disk usage on microservices application on schemes without docker",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 57,
"width": 312,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "360 Jurnal Teknik Informatika (JUTIF) , Vol. 5, No. 2, April 2024, pp. 357-365",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 213,
"width": 195,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 4h. Disk usage on monolithic application on schemes without docker Figure 4i. Memory usage on microservices application on schemes with docker",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 61,
"top": 520,
"width": 206,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 4j. Memory usage on monolithic application on schemes with docker",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 674,
"width": 186,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 4j. Memory usage on microservices application on schemes without docker",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 302,
"top": 210,
"width": 206,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 4j. Memory usage on monolithic application on schemes without docker",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 353,
"width": 198,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 5a. User service response time on scheme with docker",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 490,
"width": 190,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 5b. User service throughput on scheme with docker",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 301,
"top": 631,
"width": 209,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 5c. User service response time on scheme without docker",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 773,
"width": 200,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 5d. User service throughput on scheme without docker",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 264,
"top": 57,
"width": 274,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Deni Panji Dirgantara, et al., DOCKER-BASED MONOLITHIC AND … 361",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 210,
"width": 208,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 6a. Product service response time on scheme with docker",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 352,
"width": 200,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 6b. Product service throughput on scheme with docker",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 95,
"top": 493,
"width": 194,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 6c. Product service response time on scheme without",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 180,
"top": 502,
"width": 24,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "docker",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 635,
"width": 210,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 6d. Product service throughput on scheme without docker",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 94,
"top": 777,
"width": 197,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 7a. Cart service response time on scheme with docker",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 210,
"width": 207,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 7b. Cart service throughput on scheme with docker Figure 7c. Cart service response time on scheme without docker",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 484,
"width": 199,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 7d. Cart service throughput on scheme without docker",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 335,
"top": 626,
"width": 197,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 8a. Transaction service response time on scheme with docker",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 777,
"width": 212,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 8b. Transaction service throughput on scheme with docker",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 57,
"width": 312,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "362 Jurnal Teknik Informatika (JUTIF) , Vol. 5, No. 2, April 2024, pp. 357-365",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 60,
"top": 204,
"width": 207,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 8c. Transaction service response time on scheme without docker",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 65,
"top": 350,
"width": 198,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 8d. Transaction service throughput on scheme without docker",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 59,
"top": 496,
"width": 210,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 9a. Wishlist service response time on scheme with docker",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 63,
"top": 633,
"width": 201,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 9b. Wishlist service throughput on scheme with docker",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 66,
"top": 767,
"width": 196,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 9c. Wishlist service response time on scheme without docker",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 299,
"top": 207,
"width": 212,
"height": 145,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 9d. Wishlist service throughput on scheme without docker Figure 10a. Offer service response time on scheme with docker",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 307,
"top": 484,
"width": 196,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 10b. Offer service throughput on scheme with docker",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 310,
"top": 622,
"width": 191,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 10c. Offer service response time on scheme without docker",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 302,
"top": 770,
"width": 206,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Figure 10d. Offer service throughput on scheme without docker",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 264,
"top": 57,
"width": 274,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Deni Panji Dirgantara, et al., DOCKER-BASED MONOLITHIC AND … 363",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 87,
"width": 61,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. RESULT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 105,
"width": 139,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3.1. Test Result and Comparison",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 122,
"width": 215,
"height": 251,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Evaluation of the Agreeculture Market web application is carried out by measuring the performance of the Agreeculture Market web application using monolithic architecture and microservices architecture. The parameters used during measurement are response time and throughput, which will be measured using JMeter, and CPU usage, disk usage, and memory usage, which will be measured using performance tools from the task manager. These parameters are sufficient to measure performance because the developed application is run on localhost [16]. The measurement schemes used is when the application is run using Docker and API Gateway and when the application is run without Docker and API Gateway. The measurement was carried out using the load testing method with the number of virtual users of 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500. After the measurement, the performance measurement results will be compared to determine which architecture is better in each test scheme. Tests were carried out on equipment with the characteristics presented below :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 375,
"width": 214,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. CPU : Intel Core i7-9750H @ 2.6 GHz 4.5GHz",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 387,
"width": 215,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. OS: Windows 10 1909 with WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS installed",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 421,
"width": 75,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. 16 GB RAM",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 433,
"width": 104,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. 128 GB SSD ROM.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 456,
"width": 47,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3.2. Result",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 474,
"width": 151,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. CPU, Disk, and Memory Usage",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 485,
"width": 215,
"height": 170,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The comparative analysis of CPU, disk, and memory usage shows differences in the results of the two test schemes. In the docker usage scheme on figures 4a – 4c, microservices applications’ average memory and disk usage has lower results than monolithic applications. This is due to API gateway and load balancer in the microservices application run on docker to connect each existing service. On the other hand, in the scheme without the use of docker, the average CPU and disk usage of monolithic applications has lower results in most services in figures 4d – 4f. The absence of API gateway and load balancer is why this can happen. Because in the scheme without docker, microservices applications run on different ports.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 658,
"width": 74,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. User Service",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 669,
"width": 215,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "User service based on figures 5a and 5b, the microservice applications yield better performance than monolithic applications on docker deployment schemes. This is due to API gateway and load balancer use in microservice applications that connect each service. But on the other hand, based on figure 5b, monolithic applications perform better on most services than microservice applications on schemes without docker. In the scheme without docker,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 87,
"width": 215,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "microservice applications do not use API gateway and load balancer and run on separate ports. 3. Product Service",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 122,
"width": 216,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on figures 6a and 6b, product service on microservices architecture and docker performs better than applications that use monolithic architecture in response time and throughput. This is due to the use of API Gateway and Load Balancer, where both are used to connect each service in the microservices application. But in the scheme without Docker in figures 6c and 6d, monolithic applications have better performance mostly on all services than microservices applications. This can happen because services in microservice applications run on separate ports, and there is no use of API gateway and load balancer in microservices applications.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 271,
"width": 74,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Cart Service",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 283,
"width": 216,
"height": 158,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on figure 7a and 7b, the performance of applications that use microservices architecture with Docker have better response time and throughput than applications that use monolithic architecture. API gateway and load balancer are why microservices applications perform better than monolithic applications in the Docker deployment scheme. On the other hand, in the scheme without the use of docker on figure 7c and 7d, the monolithic application performs better in all services due to the non-use of API gateway and load balancer. In the scheme without ocker, microservices applications run on a separate port for each service so that they perform worse than monolithic applications.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 444,
"width": 107,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5. Transaction Service",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 455,
"width": 216,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on figure 8a and 8b, microservice applications yield better performance in transaction service than monolithic applications on docker deployment schemes. This is due to API gateway and load balancer use in microservice applications that connect each service. On the other hand, on figure 8c and 8d, monolithic applications perform better on most services than microservice applications on schemes without docker. In the scheme without Docker, microservice applications do not use API gateway and load balancer and run on separate ports.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 582,
"width": 90,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6. Wishlist Service",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 593,
"width": 216,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on figures 9a and 9b, wishlist service on microservices architecture and Docker performs better than applications that use monolithic architecture in response time and throughput. This is due to the use of API gateway and load balancer, where both are used to connect each service in the microservices application. But monolithic applications perform better in almost all services than the scheme’s microservices applications without docker on figure 9c and 9d. This can happen because services in microservice applications run on separate ports, and there is no use of API gateway and load Balancer in microservices applications.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 743,
"width": 81,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "7. Offer Service",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 754,
"width": 216,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on figure 10a and 10b, the offer service in microservices applications performs better than",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 57,
"width": 312,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "364 Jurnal Teknik Informatika (JUTIF) , Vol. 5, No. 2, April 2024, pp. 357-365",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 87,
"width": 215,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "monolithic applications. API gateway and load balancer are why microservices application perform better than monolithic application in the docker deployment scheme. On the other hand, in the scheme without Docker on figure 10c and 10d, the monolithic application has better performance almost in all services due to the non-use of API gateway and load balancer. In the scheme without docker, microservices application run on separate port for each services so they perform worse than monolithic application.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 226,
"width": 65,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3.3. Discussion",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 243,
"width": 215,
"height": 435,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Of the six services that have been measured and compared, all applications that use microservices architecture with docker perform better than those that use monolithic architecture with docker’s help in response time and throughput. CPU and disk usage of microservices architecture has a lower average when compared to monolithic architecture. However, the memory usage of microservices architecture and monolithic architecture applications have the same average memory consumption due to docker, which consumes more than when the application runs without docker. Conversely, the performance of monolithic architecture without the use of docker has a higher value when compared to microservices architecture, even though, in some test cases, microservices architecture still performs better. This is because when the microservices architecture application is run without docker, each service is on a different port. In contrast, in the use of docker, each service is connected using API gateway and runs only on one port and the application load balancer from the API gateway used, namely NGINX, which also affects the performance improvement of microservices architecture. In this research, the authors compare the performance between microservices and monolithic architectures in contrast to previous research. The study that is the reference of this research [3], [5], [7]–[10], Some of these studies use different development technologies and performance measurement methods and tools. In addition, some of the referenced studies only produce applications without performance measurement. To complement the research study that is the reference of this research [11], [13]–[15], The authors of this research complements previous research by performing performance comparisons between microservices and monolithic architectures running in Docker Container and on-premises environments.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 693,
"width": 88,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. CONCLUSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 710,
"width": 215,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on the comparison of the results of performance tests that have been carried out using the load testing method, it can be concluded that the Agreeculture Market web backend application that uses microservices architecture has better performance than applications that use monolithic",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 87,
"width": 215,
"height": 354,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "architecture in terms of response time and application throughput in the docker usage scheme. However, when the application is run without API gateway and docker, monolithic architecture performs better in almost every service, even though microservice architecture performs better in some test cases. In addition, the use of API gateway also affects the performance improvement of microservices architecture, where the API gateway already has a load balancer. In this research [5], microservices applications with docker container perform better than monolithic applications that run on a local environment. However, in research related to Agreeculture Market, the two architectures have different results between those run on docker container and the local environment. With the docker container, microservices applications produce better performance than monolithic applications. Conversely, monolithic applications performed better than microservices applications when both architectures were run on a local environment. The impact of this research is to know the efficiency and performance of microservices and monolithic architectures when using docker dontainer or without docker container. Remember that this research still uses the Docker environment and NoSQL database. This research can be expanded and developed by deploying applications and combining NoSQL and SQL databases in a cloud-based environment. Further research and more sophisticated technology are needed to get more valid results.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 456,
"width": 70,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "REFERENCES",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 471,
"width": 215,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[1] M. E. Gortney et al. , “Visualizing Microservice Architecture in the Dynamic Perspective: A Systematic Mapping Study,” IEEE Access , vol. 10. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., pp. 119999–",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 531,
"width": 215,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "120012, 2022. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3221130. [2]",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 555,
"width": 215,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "C. V. Dave, “Microservices Software Architecture: A Review,” Int J Res Appl Sci Eng Technol , vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 1494–1496, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.22214/ijraset.2021.39036. [3]",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 615,
"width": 215,
"height": 164,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "J. A. Rasheedh and S. Saradha, “Design and Development of Resilient Microservices Architecture for Cloud Based Applications using Hybrid Design Patterns,” Indian Journal of Computer Science and Engineering , vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 365–378, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.21817/indjcse/2022/v13i2/221302067. [4] N. Singh et al. , “Load balancing and service discovery using Docker Swarm for microservice based big data applications,” Journal of Cloud Computing , vol. 12, no. 1, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.1186/s13677-022-00358- 7.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 264,
"top": 57,
"width": 274,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Deni Panji Dirgantara, et al., DOCKER-BASED MONOLITHIC AND … 365",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 215,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[5] K. Gos and W. Zabierowski, “The",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 99,
"width": 183,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Comparison of Microservice and Monolithic Architecture,” in International Conference on Perspective Technologies and Methods in MEMS Design , 2020, pp. 150–153. doi: 10.1109/MEMSTECH49584.2020.9109514.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 157,
"width": 215,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[6] A. Bucchiarone et al. , “From Monolithic to Microservices An Experience Report from the Banking Domain,” 2018.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 195,
"width": 215,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[7] J. Xiang, “Microservices-based Dating Platform,” 2021. [Online]. Available: https://martinfowler.com/articles/",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 234,
"width": 215,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[8] J. Ferdinand, A. Syahrina, and A.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 244,
"width": 183,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Musnansyah, “PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR PERANGKAT LUNAK MICROSERVICES PADA APLIKASI OPEN LIBRARY UNIVERSITAS TELKOM MENGGUNAKAN gRPC,”",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 303,
"width": 135,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "TELKATIKA , vol. 1, no. 2, 2022.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 318,
"width": 215,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[9] G. Blinowski, A. Ojdowska, and A. Przybylek, “Monolithic vs. Microservice Architecture: A Performance and Scalability Evaluation,” IEEE Access , vol. 10, pp.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 364,
"width": 183,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "20357–20374, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3152803.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 390,
"width": 215,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[10] F. Ponce Mella, G. Márquez, H. Astudillo, and F. Ponce, “Migrating from monolithic architecture to microservices: A Rapid Review BaaS-SE Blockchain as a Service for",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 436,
"width": 183,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Stock Exchange View project TacPat4SS- Empirical evaluation of tactics and patterns for building secure systems View project Migrating from monolithic architecture to microservices: A Rapid Review,” 2019. [Online].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 493,
"width": 183,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/33",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 516,
"width": 38,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5716451",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 531,
"width": 215,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[11] I. Braun, M. Hoffmann, and R. Mörseburg, IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB-BASED AUDIENCE RESPONSE SYSTEM AS MICROSERVICE APPLICATION VS. MONOLITHIC APPLICATION . 2019.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 589,
"width": 215,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[12] Óbudai Egyetem, IEEE Hungary Section, M.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 603,
"width": 183,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "IEEE Systems, Hungarian Fuzzy Association, and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 18th IEEE International Symposium on Computational",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 647,
"width": 183,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Intelligence and Informatics : proceedings : 2018 November 21-22, Budapest.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 675,
"width": 132,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[13] S. Jhingran and",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 675,
"width": 183,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "N. Rakesh, “PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF MICROSERVICES BEHAVIOR IN CLOUD VS CONTAINERIZED DOMAIN",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 719,
"width": 183,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "BASED ON CPU UTILIZATION,” Journal of Data Acquisition and Processing , vol. 38, no. 2, p. 3221, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.777159.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 756,
"width": 215,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[14] P. Sharad Salunkhe, “Microservices vs",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 770,
"width": 183,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Monolithic Architecture: Load Testing in",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 87,
"width": 215,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "AWS on ReactJS Web Application for Performance MSc Research Project Programme Name.” [15] N. Goncalves, D. Faustino, A. R. Silva, and",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 134,
"width": 184,
"height": 92,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "M. Portela, “Monolith Modularization towards Microservices: Refactoring and Performance Trade-offs,” in Proceedings - 2021 IEEE 18th International Conference on Software Architecture Companion, ICSA-C 2021 , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., Mar. 2021, pp. 54–61. doi: 10.1109/ICSA-C52384.2021.00015.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 229,
"width": 215,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "[16] D. Demashov, “Efficiency Evaluation of Node.js Web-Server Frameworks,” 2019.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
90478247-b621-9f69-9f15-5ba6e3d5b684 | https://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/arsitekno/article/download/8928/4588 | [
{
"left": 349,
"top": 38,
"width": 163,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ARSITEKNO | VOL 10 NO 1 MARET 2023",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 159,
"top": 784,
"width": 260,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 291,
"top": 796,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "|1|",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 71,
"width": 367,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ANALISIS KENYAMANAN TERMAL TERHADAP RUMAH TRADISIONAL ACEH",
"type": "Title"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 124,
"width": 49,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Maulinda",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 136,
"width": 408,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Program Studi Arsitektur, Universitas Malikussaleh, email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 269,
"top": 166,
"width": 58,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 193,
"width": 428,
"height": 288,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rumah merupakan salah satu tempat ternyaman yang ingin ditinggal oleh penggunanya, karena rumah merupakan tempat peristirahatan setelah melakukan kegiatan di luar rumah. Maka penggunanya pasti menginginkan suasana rumah yang dapat memberikan kenyamanan ‘termal’ ketika berada di dalam bangunan. Untuk mengetahui menggunakan parameter suhu udara, kelembaban, kecepatan angin, radiasi udara, insulasi pakaian, dan metabolic rate yang diperlukan penelitian untuk mengetahui bagaimana kenyamanan termal pada rumah adat Aceh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh material terhadap tingkat kenyamanan termal pada rumah tradisional Aceh beratap rumbia dan seng dengan menggunakan metode Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) dan Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD), standar SNI, serta melakukan wawancara dengan pemilik rumah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kenyamanan termal tersebut. Hasil analisis kenyamanan termal pada rumah Aceh beratap rumbia menunjukkan bahwa nilai PMV (-0.01)~(-0.49), nilainya berada pada kategori netral dengan nilai PPD berkisar antara 5%~10%. Nilai PMV untuk rumah Aceh beratap seng berkisar antara 0.44~0.96 yang dikategorikan sedikit hangat dengan nilai PPD berkisar antara 11%~40%. Hasil standar SNI suhu udara dan kecepatan angin pada rumah Aceh atap rumbia memiliki nilai yang sudah memenuhi, kecuali pada kelembaban memiliki nilai yang tidak sesuai dengan standar. Sedangkan rumah material atap seng untuk parameter kelembaban dan kecepatan angin tidak memenuhi standar SNI 03-6572-2001, kecuali suhu udara yang memiliki nilai yang memenuhi standar. Hasil wawancara kenyamanan termal pagi pengguna menjelaskan bahwa pemilik rumah hanya merasa nyaman berada di rumah adat Aceh beratap rumbia. Hasil PMV, PPD dan wawancara menunjukkan bahwa kondisi kenyamanan termal pada rumah adat Aceh beratap rumbia nyaman untuk digunakan beraktivitas dibandingkan rumah Aceh beratap seng, sehingga perlu pendingin buatan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 497,
"width": 287,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci: kenyamanan termal, wawancara, SNI, PMV, PPD",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 509,
"width": 428,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Info Artikel:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 534,
"width": 345,
"height": 7,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dikirim: 2 Oktober 2022; Revisi: 17 Februari 2023; Diterima: 4 Maret 2023; Diterbitkan: 31 Maret 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 160,
"top": 555,
"width": 332,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "©2023 The Author(s). Published by Arsitekno, Architecture Program, Universitas Malikussaleh, Aceh, Indonesia under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 88,
"top": 584,
"width": 421,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 597,
"width": 117,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 610,
"width": 429,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rumah adalah tempat tinggal bukan sebagai sebuah bangunan aja, namun memiliki persyaratan kehidupan yang layak, dipandang dari segala aspek kehidupan masyarakat [1] . Berdasarkan pengertian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa rumah merupakan salah satu tempat ternyaman yang ingin ditinggal oleh penggunanya, karena rumah merupakan tempat peristirahatan setelah melakukan kegiatan di luar rumah. Menghasilkan keadaan rumah yang nyaman merupakan salah satu tujuan dari pembuatan suatu bangunan. Rumah merupakan salah satu tempat ternyaman yang ingin ditinggal oleh penggunanya, sebagai tempat peristirahatan setelah melakukan kegiatan di luar rumah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 711,
"width": 428,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kenyamanan tergantung pada parameter iklim (matahari/radiasinya, suhu udara, kelembaban udara, dan kecepatan angin) dan beberapa faktor individual/subyektif seperti pakaian, aklimatisasi, usia dan jenis kelamin, tingkat kegemukan, tingkat kesehatan, jenis makanan dan minuman yang dikonsumsi, dan warna kulit [2] . Penggunaan material sangat berpengaruh",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 215,
"top": 38,
"width": 298,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ANALISIS KENYAMANAN TERMAL TERHADAP RUMAH TRADISONAL ACEH",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 159,
"top": 784,
"width": 260,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 291,
"top": 796,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "|2|",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 73,
"width": 428,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "terhadap kenyamanan termal [3] . Penempatan bangunan yang tepat adalah menghadap matahari dan angin, serta bentuk dan konstruksi serta pemilihan bahan yang sesuai, maka temperatur ruangan dapat diturunkan beberapa derajat tanpa peralatan mekanis [4] . Kenyamanan termal adalah kondisi termal yang menjelaskan kepuasan manusia terhadap keadaan lingkungan sekitarnya, dan juga terdiri dari tidga aspek yaitu psikologis, fisiologis, dan fisik yang berbeda- beda pada setiap orangnya [5] . Dua energi penting dalam bangunan. Pertama energi untuk kenyamanan dalam ruangan, yang disebut dengan operational energy , dan energi untuk proses produksi bahan bangunan yang dipergunakan pada bangunan tersebut yang dikenal dengan material [6] .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 187,
"width": 428,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal ini akan membahas tentang hasil pengukuran kenyamanan termal pada rumah tradisonal Aceh yang bermaterial atap rumbia dan seng yang berlokasi di Blang Ara Gampong Keude Krueng dan Guha Uleue. Hasil dari pengukuran akan dibandingkan dengan standar kenyamanan termal berdasarkan SNI 03-6572-2001 dan ASHRAE ( The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineer ) menggunakan metode PMV dan PPD diperlukan parameter temperatur udara, kelembaban, temperatur radiasi, kecepatan angin, dan parameter individu seperti kegiatan yang dilakukan di dalam ruangan ( metabolic rate ), dan insulasi pakaian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 302,
"width": 149,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 315,
"width": 428,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lokasi penelitian terletak di Keude Krueng, Blang Ara, Kecamatan Kuta Makmur, Aceh Utara, yang merupakan lokasi rumah tradisional Aceh bermaterial atap rumbia dan atap seng. Objek penelitian yang berada di daerah tropis dapat mempengaruhi kenyamanan suhu [7] .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 155,
"top": 553,
"width": 287,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 1. Pembagian Zona Ruang pada Rumah Aceh Beratap Rumbia",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 421,
"width": 366,
"height": 344,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2. Pembagian Zona Ruang pada Rumah Aceh Beratap Seng ZONA 3 ZONA 2 ZONA 1 ZONA 3 ZONA 2 ZONA 3",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 38,
"width": 48,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MAULINDA",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 159,
"top": 784,
"width": 260,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 282,
"top": 796,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "|3|",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 228,
"top": 87,
"width": 144,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Zona Ruang Rumah Aceh",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 147,
"top": 99,
"width": 293,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nama Ruang Kegiatan Seuramoe keu Bersantai, berkumpul Seuramoe tengoh Tidur, istirahat Seuramoe likot Berkumpul, makan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 159,
"width": 429,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan pada pagi, siang, dan sore dengan pembagian zona tiga ruang ( seuramoe keu, tengoh, dan likot ) pada material atap yang berbeda-beda. Rumah Aceh bermaterial atap rumbia memiliki ruang seuramoe keu berukuran 7x3 m 2 dengan ketinggian 2 m, seuramoe tengoh berukuran 6x3 m 2 dengan ketinggian 3 m, dan seuramoe likot berukuran 6x3 dengan ketinggian 2 m. Rumah Aceh bermaterial atap rumbia memiliki ruang seuramoe keu berukuran 8x3 m 2 dengan ketinggian 2 m, seuramoe tengoh berukuran 6x3 m 2 dengan ketinggian 3 m, dan seuramoe likot berukuran 8x3 dengan ketinggian 2 m.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 247,
"width": 428,
"height": 74,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk mengetahui perbandingan material parameter yang menggunakan adalah suhu udara, kelembaban, kecepatan angin, insulasi pakaian, dan matabolic rate. Suhu udara menjadi salah satu paramer yang dapat menunjukkan kepuasaan terhadap kenyamanan termal [8] . kelembaban udara yang sering digunakan adalah kelembaban relatif (RH) yang merupakan perbandingan antara tekanan uap air aktual dengan tekanan uap air pada kondisi jenuh [9] . Sedangkan kecepatan angin menjadi faktor yang meningkatkan kepuasan kenyamanan termal [10] .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 323,
"width": 428,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ketentuan waktu saat melakukan penelitian pagi hari 08.00-10.00 WIB, siang hari 12.00- 15.00 WIB, sore hari 16.00-18.00 WIB. Untuk titik pengukuran yang dilakukan selama 10 hari terhitung dari tanggal 4-13 Juli 2022.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 133,
"top": 542,
"width": 333,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 3. Lokasi Titik Pengukuran Antar Ruangan Rumah Aceh Beratap Rumbia",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 138,
"top": 708,
"width": 321,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 4. Lokasi Titik Pengukuran Antar Ruangan Rumah Aceh Beratap Seng",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 732,
"width": 428,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode penelitian yang dipakai pada penelitian ini adalah analisi kuantitatif berdasarkan hasil observasi pada studi kasus. Data hasil pengukuran berupakan data kuantitatif, yaitu pengukuran",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 215,
"top": 38,
"width": 298,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ANALISIS KENYAMANAN TERMAL TERHADAP RUMAH TRADISONAL ACEH",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 159,
"top": 784,
"width": 260,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 291,
"top": 796,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "|4|",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 73,
"width": 428,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "luar dan dalam yang akan diperbandingkan dengan standar kenyamanan termal kemudian melakukan analisis kuantitatif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 99,
"width": 429,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teknik pengumpulan data diambil menggunakan metode pengkajian observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan literatur. Pengolahan data ini menggunakan teknik statistik dari hasil waktu penelitian akan dicari nilai rata-rata melalui Microsof Excel 2016 dan untuk menghasilkan sensasi termal maka digunakan software kenyamanan termal CBE Termal Comfort Tool yang ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel dan grafik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 162,
"width": 428,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian evaluatif memiliki dua kegiatan, yaitu pengukuran serta membandingkan hasil pengukuran dan data dengan standar SNI dan ASHRAE 2017. Apabila hasil perbandingan sudah didapatkan maka dapat disimpulkan layak atau tidaknya dari teori tersebut sangat sesuai dengan penelitian analisis kenyamanan termal terhadap rumah tradisional Aceh yang berstudi kasus rumah Aceh dengan perbandingan material atap rumbia dan seng. Dalam penelitian melakukan pengukuran dilakukan dengan alat ukur yang menggunakan indeks PMV ( Predicted Mean Vote ) untuk mendapatkan tingkat kenyamanan termal yang akurat. PMV merupakan nilai rata-rata yang menggambarkan bagaimana sensasi termal yang dirasakan penghuni terhadap ruangan yang ditempatinya [7] .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 276,
"width": 428,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengukuran menggunakan alat pengukur iklim yaitu suhu udara, kelembaban dengan Environment Meter krisbow KW06-291 4 dan alat Anemometer untuk kecepatan angin.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 443,
"width": 355,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 5. Alat pengukuran Environment Meter krisbow KW06-291 4 dan Anemometer",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 467,
"width": 428,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penggunaan software yang digunakan oleh ASHRAE-55 2017 dengan metode PMV ( Predicted Mean Vote ) dan PPD ( Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied ).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 200,
"top": 677,
"width": 195,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 6. Software CBE Thermal Comfort Tool",
"type": "Caption"
},
{
"left": 245,
"top": 689,
"width": 105,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber: Adaptasi dari [4]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 715,
"width": 173,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 728,
"width": 428,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada pagi hari suhu udara pada rumah tradisional Aceh bermaterial atap rumbia 27,7°C sementara nilai kelembaban 82,69% dan kecepatan angin 0,3 m/s, sedangkan pada rumah Aceh material atap seng memiliki nilai suhu 29,26°C, kelembaban 71,76%, dan kecepatan angin 0,36",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 38,
"width": 48,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MAULINDA",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 159,
"top": 784,
"width": 260,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 282,
"top": 796,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "|5|",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 73,
"width": 428,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "m/s. Siang hari suhu udara pada rumah tradisonal Aceh bermaterial atap rumbia 28,2°C, kelembaban 64,1%, kecepatan angin 0,33 m/s. sedangkan rumah tradisional Aceh material atap seng memiliki suhu Udara 30,93°C, nilai kelembaban 62,2%, dan kecepatan angin 0,86 m/s. Sore hari udara pada rumah tradisonal Aceh bermaterial atap rumbia 29,43°C, kelembaban 61,1%, kecepatan angin 0,9 m/s, sedangkan rumah Aceh material atap seng suhu udara mencapai 31,6°C, kelembaban 69,06%, kecepatan angin 0,96 m/s.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 149,
"width": 428,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nilai PMV dan PPD yang didapatkan dari software CBE Thermal Tool menghasilkan rata- rata pengukuran parameter. Nilai metabolic rate pada ruang seuramoe keu 1,0 dengan aktivitas bersantai, berkumpul, seuramoe tengoh 1,8 dengan aktivitas tidur, santai, ruang seuramoe likot dengan 1,2 dengan aktivitas berkumpul dan makan. Nilai clo-value pada ruang seuramoe keu 0,39 dengan pakaian dalam, kaus lengan pendek, celana panjang tipis, seuramoe tengoh 0,58 dengan jenis pakaian dalam, piyama lengan pendek (tipis), seuramoe likot memiliki nilai clo 0,41 jenis pakaian dalam, baju kemeja lengan pendek, celana pendek.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 238,
"width": 429,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perbandingan pagi hari nilai PMV dan PPD rumah tradisional Aceh memiliki tingkat kenyamanan berbeda, pada rumah Aceh beratap rumbia memiliki tingkatan kenyamanan neutral, sedangkan rumah Aceh beratap seng memiliki tingkat kenyamanan slightly warm . pada seuramoe keu rumah Aceh material atap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV -0,33 dan PPD 7%. Rumah Aceh material atap seng untuk nilai PMV yaitu 0,59 dan nilai PPD yaitu 12%. Pada ruang seuramoe tengoh rumah Aceh material atap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV -0,49 dan nilai PPD 10%. Untuk rumah material seng nilai PMV yaitu 0,44 dan PPD bernilai 9%. Seuramoe likot pada rumah Aceh material atap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV -0,13 dan nilai PPD yaitu 5%. Rumah Aceh material atap seng nilai PMV adalah 0,58 dan PPD bernilai 11%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 352,
"width": 428,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Siang hari nilai PMV dan PPD Pada seuramoe keu rumah Aceh material atap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV -0,38 dan PPD 8%. Rumah Aceh material atap seng untuk nilai PMV yaitu 0,52 dan nilai PPD yaitu 11%. Pada ruang seuramoe tengoh rumah Aceh material atap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV -0,32 dan nilai PPD 7%. Untuk rumah material seng nilai PMV yaitu 0,63 dan PPD bernilai 13%. Seuramoe likot pada rumah Aceh material atap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV -0,02 dan nilai PPD yaitu 5%. Rumah Aceh material atap seng nilai PMV adalah 0.78 dan PPD bernilai 18%. Perbandingan siang hari nilai PMV dan PPD rumah tradisional Aceh memiliki tingkat kenyamanan berbeda, pada rumah Aceh beratap rumbia memiliki tingkatan kenyamanan neutral, sedangkan rumah Aceh beratap seng memiliki tingkat kenyamanan slightly warm . Sore hari pada seuramoe keu rumah Aceh material atap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV -0,38 dan PPD 8%. Rumah Aceh material atap seng untuk nilai PMV yaitu 0,90 dan nilai PPD yaitu 22%. Pada ruang seuramoe tengoh rumah Aceh material atap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV -0,48 dan nilai PPD 10%. Untuk rumah material seng nilai PMV yaitu 1,30 dan PPD bernilai 40%. Seuramoe likot pada rumah Aceh material atap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV -0,02 dan nilai PPD yaitu 5%. Rumah Aceh material atap seng nilai PMV adalah 0,96 dan PPD bernilai 25%. Perbandingan sore hari nilai PMV dan PPD rumah tradisional Aceh memiliki tingkat kenyamanan berbeda, pada rumah Aceh beratap rumbia memiliki tingkatan kenyamanan neutral, sedangkan rumah Aceh beratap seng memiliki tingkat kenyamanan slightly warm .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 579,
"width": 428,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut standar ASHRAE standar 55-2017 pada rumah tradisional Aceh beratap rumbia dapat kita lihat pada Tabel 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 138,
"top": 617,
"width": 324,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Hasil Evaluasi Kenyamanan Termal Rumah Tradisional Aceh Material Atap Rumbia Berdasarkan ASHRAE Standar 55-2017",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 652,
"width": 413,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Parameter ASHRAE standar 55- 2017 Seuramoe keu Seuramoe tengoh Seuramoe likot Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Temperatur udara (°C) 23°C-27.9°C 25.6 26.8 27.8 26.7 26.1 26.9 27.7 26.9 25.9 27 27.9 26.9 Kelembaban (%) 30%-86% 83.0 64.1 58.4 68.5 82.1 64.4 61.8 69.4 82.9 63.8 61.5 69.4 Kecepatan angin (m/s) 0 m/s-0.10 m/s 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.16 0.2 0.3 0.52 0.34 Temperatur radiasi 23°C-27.9°C 25.6 26.8 27.8 26.7 26.1 26.9 27.7 26.9 25.9 27 27.9 26.9 Insulasi Pakaian 0 clo-1,5 clo 0.39 58 0.41",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 215,
"top": 38,
"width": 298,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ANALISIS KENYAMANAN TERMAL TERHADAP RUMAH TRADISONAL ACEH",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 159,
"top": 784,
"width": 260,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 291,
"top": 796,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "|6|",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 130,
"width": 210,
"height": 33,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keterangan: Merah: melebihi standar ASHRAE standar 55-2017 N : Neutral",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 138,
"top": 176,
"width": 324,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2. Hasil Evaluasi Kenyamanan Termal Rumah Tradisional Aceh Material Atap Seng Berdasarkan ASHRAE Standar 55-2017",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 367,
"width": 210,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keterangan Merah: melebihi standar ASHRAE standar 55-2017 SW : Slightly warm",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 414,
"width": 428,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perbandingan dengan standar kenyamanan termal berdasarkan kenyamanan termal SNI 03- 6572-2001 untuk suhu udara dan kecepatan angin pada rumah Aceh atap rumbia memiliki nilai yang sudah memenuhi , kecuali pada kelembaban memiliki nilai yang tidak sesuai dengan standar. Sedangkan rumah material atap seng untuk parameter kelembaban dan kecepatan angin tidak memenuhi standar SNI 03-6572-2001, kecuali suhu udara yang memiliki nilai yang memenuhi standar.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 138,
"top": 503,
"width": 324,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 3. Hasil Evaluasi Kenyamanan Termal Rumah Tradisional Aceh Material Atap Rumbia Berdasarkan SNI 03-6572-2001",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 628,
"width": 176,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keterangan: Merah: melebihi standar SNI 03-6572-2001",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 138,
"top": 664,
"width": 324,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 4. Hasil Evaluasi Kenyamanan Termal Rumah Tradisional Aceh Material Atap Seng Berdasarkan SNI 03-6572-2001",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 73,
"width": 414,
"height": 283,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metabolic Rate 1.0 met-2.0 met 1.0 0.8 1.2 Nilai PMV (-0.5)-(+0.5) - 0.33 -0.38 - 0.38 -0.36 - 0.49 -0.32 - 0.48 -0.43 - 0.13 -0.02 - 0.02 -0.05 Skala PMV Slightly cool- slightly warm N N N N N N N N N N N N PPD (%) 0%-10% 7 8 8 7.6 10 7 10 9 5 5 5 5 Parameter ASHRAE standar 55- 2017 Seuramoe keu Seuramoe tengoh Seuramoe likot Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Temperatur udara (°C) 23°C-27.9°C 29.3 30.6 31.7 30.5 29.4 31.2 31.9 30.8 29.1 31 31.4 30.5 Kelembaban (%) 30%-86% 70.3 60.59 68.9 66.59 73.2 63.2` 70 68.8 71.8 68.9 68.3 69.6 Kecepatan angin (m/s) 0 m/s-0.10 m/s 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.7 Temperatur radiasi 23°C-27.9°C 29.3 30.6 31.7 30.5 29.4 31.2 31.9 30.8 29.1 31 31.4 30.5 Insulasi Pakaian 0 clo-1,5 Clo 0.39 58 0.41 Metabolic Rate 1.0 met-2.0 met 1.0 0.8 1.2 Nilai PMV (-0.5)-(+0.5) 0.59 0.52 0.90 0.67 0.44 0.64 1.30 0.79 0.58 0.78 0.96 0.77 Skala PMV Slightly cool- slightly warm SW SW SW SW",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 341,
"width": 413,
"height": 284,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW PPD (%) 0%-10% 12 11 22 15 9 13 40 20 12 18 25 18 Parameter ASHRAE standar 55- 2017 Seuramoe keu Seuramoe tengoh Seuramoe likot Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Temperatur udara (°C) 20.5°C- 27.1°C 25.6 26.8 27.8 26.7 26.1 26.9 27.7 26.9 25.9 27 27.9 26.9 Kelembaban (%) 40%-60% 83.07 64.1 58.4 68.5 82.1 64.4 61.8 69.4 82.9 63.8 61.5 69.4 Kecepatan angin (m/s) 0 m/s-0.35 m/s 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.16 0.2 0.3 0.52 0.34 Temperatur radiasi 20.5°C- 27.1°C 25.6 26.8 27.8 26.7 26.1 26.9 27.7 26.9 25.9 27 27.9 26.9",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 699,
"width": 413,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Parameter ASHRAE standar 55- 2017 Seuramoe keu Seuramoe tengoh Seuramoe likot Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Pagi Siang Sore Rata- rata Temperatur udara (°C) 20.5°C- 27.1°C 29.3 30.6 31.7 30.5 29.4 31.2 31.9 30.8 29.1 31 31.4 30.5 Kelembaban (%) 40%-60% 74.4 62.4 80 72.2 76.9 59.8 73.9 70.2 76.2 64.1 71.5 70.6 Kecepatan angin (m/s) 0 m/s-0.35 m/s 0.7 1.3 1.7 1.2 0.2 0.7 1.3 0.7 0.2 1.3 1.2 0.9",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 38,
"width": 48,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MAULINDA",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 159,
"top": 784,
"width": 260,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 282,
"top": 796,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "|7|",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 90,
"width": 51,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keterangan:",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 102,
"width": 178,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Merah: melebihi standar SNI 03-6572-2001",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 126,
"width": 428,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari tabel-tabel di atas dapat kita lihat bahwa hanya rumah tradisonal Aceh material rumbia yang sudah memenuhi standar ASHRAE 55-2017 dan SNI 03-6572-2001. Sedangkan untuk rumah Aceh material atap seng belum dapat memenuhi ASHRAE 55-2017 dan SNI 03-6572- 2001. Kepuasaan kenyamanan termal pada rumah tradisional Aceh dari hasil wawancara dengan pemilik rumah selama penelitian menyatakan bahwa pemilik rumah merasa kurang nyaman apabila berada didalam rumah Aceh. Pemilik rumah tradisonal Aceh yang beratap rumbia menjelaskan apabila mereka berada didalam rumah Aceh mereka merasa nyaman. Untuk rumah tradisional yang beratap seng pemilik rumah menyatakan bahwa mereka merasa kurang nyaman juga berada didalam rumah Aceh baik pagi hari, siang hari, dan sore hari, jadi pemilik rumah memerlukan alat bantuan pendingin ruangan agar berada nyaman berada didalam rumah, tetapi pada siang hari kata pemilik rumah walaupun mereka sudah menggunakan pendingin ruang berupa kipas angin tetap hawa panas dalam ruangan terasa panas. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan pemilik rumah dan hasil pengukuran berdasarkan standar ASHRAE-55 2017dan SNI 03- 6572-2001 menunjukkan hasil yang sama yaitu pemilik rumah merasa kurang nyaman berada di dalam rumah tradisional Aceh beratap seng dan merasa nyaman berada di dalam rumah tradisonal Aceh yang beratap rumbia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 328,
"width": 428,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kepuasaan kenyamanan termal pada rumah tradisional Aceh dari hasil wawancara dengan pemilik rumah tradisonal Aceh yang beratap rumbia menjelaskan apabila mereka berada di dalam rumah Aceh mereka merasa nyaman. Sedangkan pemilik rumah Aceh atap seng menyatakan merasa kurang nyaman apabila berada di dalam rumah Aceh atap seng. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan pemilik rumah dan hasil pengukuran berdasarkan standar ASHRAE-55 2017 dan SNI 03-6572-2001 menunjukkan hasil yang sama yaitu pemilik rumah merasa kurang nyaman berada di dalam rumah tradisional Aceh beratap seng dan merasa nyaman berada di dalam rumah tradisonal Aceh yang beratap rumbia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 443,
"width": 102,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. KESIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 456,
"width": 428,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Perbedaan material sangat berpengaruh terhadap kenyamanan termal ruangan yang dirasakan oleh pengguna. Untuk hasil pengukuran suhu udara dan kelembaban, material yang paling baik adalah material rumbia sebagai objek rumah dari pukul 08.00-11.00 WIB, 12.00-15.00 WIB, hingga 16.00-18.00 WIB dengan perolehan nilai suhu udara yang paling rendah dan kelembaban merupakan nilai paling tertinggi dibandingkan dengan material seng. Sedangkan material seng merupakan material yang memiliki hasil suhu udara tertinggi dan kelembaban sebagai hasil pengukuran terendah. Hasil penelitian rumah Aceh material atap rumbia termasuk dalam kategori nyaman menurut standar kenyamanan termal yang telah ditentukan yaitu ASHRAE 55-2017 dan SNI 03-6572-2001, sedangan rumah tradisional Aceh beratap seng belum termasuk dalam kategori nyaman menurut standar kenyamanan termal yang telah ditentukan yaitu ASHRAE 55- 2017 dan SNI 03-6572-2001. Melalui uji perbandingan antara kedua material, material seng adalah material yang tidak nyaman terbukti dari hasil pengukuran suhu udara serta perhitungkan nilai PMV dan PPD menunjukan hasil pengukuran yang lebih tinggi hal itu dikarenakan material seng sulit dalam melepas panas sehingga suhunya menjadi tinggi. Sedangkan material rumbia memiliki nilai PMV dan PPD yang baik jika dilihat dari hasil pengukuran dan pengolahan data, hal ini dikarenakan material rumbia mudah melepas panas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 659,
"width": 428,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nilai PMV dan PPD dari kedua material, rumah Aceh beratap rumbia memiliki nilai PMV sesuai standar kenyamanan, nilai PPD berada di luar standar kenyamanan yang menunjukkan bahwa rumah Aceh beratap rumbia berada pada tingkat kenyamanan netral. rumah Aceh beratap seng PMV memiliki nilai di luar standar, sedangkan PPD berada pada standar yang menunjukkan bahwa belum bisa menciptakan kenyamanan termal terhadap pengguna dikarenakan dari hasil pengukuran nilai yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa PMV dan PPD berada di kategori 1+ dan sensasi slightly warm .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 90,
"top": 73,
"width": 413,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Temperatur radiasi 20.5°C- 27.1°C 31.3 33 32.8 32.3 29.2 35.3 33.6 32.7 31.8 31.6 33.8 32.4",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 215,
"top": 38,
"width": 298,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ANALISIS KENYAMANAN TERMAL TERHADAP RUMAH TRADISONAL ACEH",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 159,
"top": 784,
"width": 260,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 291,
"top": 796,
"width": 17,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "|8|",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 74,
"width": 131,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 100,
"width": 428,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[1] H. Frick and T. H. Mulyani, Arsitektur Ekologis: Konsep Di Iklim Tropis, Penghijauan Kota",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 111,
"width": 396,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ekologis, Serta Energi Terbarukan . Kanisius, 2006. [Online]. Available:",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 123,
"width": 246,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://lib.pasca.isi.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&id=4457",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 134,
"width": 384,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[2] S. V Szokolay and O. Koenigsberger, Manual of Tropical Housing and Building . 1973.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 144,
"width": 428,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[3] E. Virdianti, C. Yesti, and R. Desiana, “Kajian Penggunaan Material Terhadap Kenyamanan Termal pada Rumah Tinggal Studi Kasus: Rumah Tinggal Achmad Tardiyana,” Reka Karsa J. Arsit. , vol. 2, no. 2, 2014.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 180,
"width": 339,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[4] G. Lippsmeier, Tropenbau Building in the Tropics: Bangunan Tropis . 1994.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 192,
"width": 428,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[5] American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy: ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2017 (Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2013) Includes ANSI/ASHRAE Addenda Listed in Appendix N . Ashrae, 2017.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 236,
"width": 428,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[6] S. Samad, “Pemodelan Tangkai Daun Rumbia (Gaba-Gaba) sebagai Material Dinding dan Kemampuan Kondoktivitas Termalnya,” 2017.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 261,
"width": 428,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[7] J. F. Nicol and M. A. Humphreys, “Adaptive Thermal Comfort and Sustainable Thermal Standards for Buildings,” Energy Build. , vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 563–572, 2002, doi: 10.1016/S0378- 7788(02)00006-3.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 295,
"width": 428,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[8] American National Standards Institure, Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy , vol. 55, no. 2004. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 2004.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 328,
"width": 428,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[9] A. Sofyan, “Studi Tingkat Kenyamanan Termal pada Ruang Pelajar dan Studio Gambar Universitas Pepabri Makasar,” Progr. Pascasarj. Univ. Hasanuddin , pp. 1–10, 2002.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 351,
"width": 427,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[10] S. Sangkertadi, “Peran Kecepatan Angin Terhadap Peningkatan Kenyamanan Termis Manusia Di Lingkungan Beriklim Tropis Lembab,” J. Mns. dan Lingkung. , vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 71–89, 2006.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
610c00f1-28e2-e4a5-222f-9ac1b2380ec3 | https://ejournal.imperiuminstitute.org/index.php/AKURASI/article/download/522/272 | [
{
"left": 69,
"top": 134,
"width": 332,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The Effect of Profitability, Leverage and Company Size on Tax Avoidance in the Automotive Sector Manufacturing Companies",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 134,
"width": 475,
"height": 285,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "AKURASI 103 Amelia Oktrivina Siregar Short Report Economics and Business Facukty, Universitas Pancasilas Jakarta Financial Management Abstract The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of profitability, leverage and company size on tax avoidance in the automotive sector manufacturing companies in the 2012-2019 period. The sample in this study consisted of four companies that entered consistently during the research year. The period used in this research is eight years, from 2012 until 2019. The analysis data technique is panel data regression. The method used is purposive sampling method. The results of this research indicate that partially the profitability variable has a negative effect on tax avoidance. Leverage has a positive effect on tax avoidance. Company size has no effect on tax avoidance. While simultaneous testing shows that the variable profitability, leverage and company size affect tax avoidance.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 264,
"width": 452,
"height": 232,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Received: 12 Aug 2021 Accepted: 25 Aug 2021 Online: 31 Aug 2021 Keywords: Akurasi: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan, Vol 3, No.2, 2021, pp. 103 - 118 Profitability, Leverage, Company Size, Tax Avoidance Corresponding Author: eISSN 2685-2888 Amelia Oktrivina Siregar",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 496,
"width": 257,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Pancasilas Jakarta Email: [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.36407/akurasi.v3i2.522",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 223,
"top": 83,
"width": 142,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Published by LPMP Imperium",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 98,
"width": 341,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Journal homepage: https://ejournal.imperiuminstitute.org/index.php/AKURASI",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 586,
"width": 410,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "© The Author(s) 2021 CC BYThis license allows reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 215,
"top": 36,
"width": 289,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "AKURASI: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Vol 3, No. 2, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36407/akurasi.v3i2.522",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "104",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 85,
"width": 91,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "INTRODUCTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 107,
"width": 456,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tax is a mandatory contribution to the state owed by an individual or entity that is coercive under the law and does not give direct compensation. This definition was written in Law no. 6 of 1983 which was last amended by Law no. 16 of 2009 concerning General Provisions and Tax Procedures (UU KUP). This provides an understanding that taxes have a coercive nature, which means they put a particular burden on the insurer. The accounting side also explains that taxes are costs / expenses that will reduce net income, which is contrary to the goal of all business entities that want to have large profits. These factors make taxes a burden and an obligation, which can trigger tax avoidance (Wibawa et a;., 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 210,
"width": 456,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tax avoidance in the tax management literature is generally considered a legal tax management effort because it makes more use of \"loopholes\" in the applicable tax regulations. According to Wijaya (2016), even until now, the method of tax avoidance itself is not something that violates tax regulations, because it is done by taking advantage of tax loopholes in order to reduce or minimize tax obligations without violating tax law. Tax avoidance done by companies, usually through policies taken by company leaders as decision makers, is not something accidental.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 301,
"width": 456,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In recent years, there have been many cases of tax evasion. In Indonesia, several companies were involved in cases related to tax evasion, one of which happened in 2014, which was a tax evasion case carried out by PT. Astra International, Tbk (ASII) with one of its subsidiaries, PT. Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia (TMMIN), that was found to use transactions between affiliated companies at home and abroad (transfer pricing) to avoid paying taxes. The mode used is to transfer the burden of excess profits from one country to another that applies a lower tax rate (tax haven). The transfer of expenses is done by manipulating prices unreasonably.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 391,
"width": 456,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In 2016, the Directorate General of Taxes of the Ministry of Finance (DGT of the Ministry of Finance) stated that as many as 2000 multinational companies operating in Indonesia did not pay Income Tax (PPh), specifically the Corporate Income Tax 25 and 29. These foreign companies did not pay their taxes for up to 10 years. This tax avoidance practice is carried out by means of transfer pricing or diverting taxable profits or net incomes from Indonesia to other countries. There is also a profit reduction method that occurs due to royalty payments and unreasonable purchases of raw materials, as well as the company's reason for allegedly avoiding taxes due to continuous losses.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 494,
"width": 456,
"height": 129,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The impact of the implementation of tax planning, both on company performance and stock performance in the capital market and on stakeholders, has been widely studied and researched. Tax research related to company management compliance with corporate income tax payments is one of the serious problems within companies. The profit generated by the company is a measure of management success in managing a company. The company's earnings are reported through earnings management in accordance with the objectives and motivations that underlie the report. In calculating the amount of tax that must be paid to the Government, there is a dualism in the basis of calculating tax differences, which are the taxes according to the tax authorities and according to company calculations. Based on the phenomena explained above, there are several factors that can affect Tax Avoidance, which include: profitability, leverage and company size.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 623,
"width": 456,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mahaputra (2016) in his research showed that ROA had a positive effect on tax avoidance. A positive ROA is needed by the company to provide profits as a company's operating activities. A good company's performance is indicated by the high value of ROA expressed in percentages, and the high profitability of the company is indicated by their generated net profit. Companies that earn profits would usually be assumed to do tax avoidance because the company is able to manage its income and tax payments. A negative ROA is caused by the company income being in a negative (loss) condition as well. This shows that the invested capital as a whole has not been able to generate profits. When a company is in a state of loss, they have no obligation to pay taxes so there is no need to do tax evasion.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 739,
"width": 456,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The policies taken by the company have a significant role in the level of corporate tax avoidance, such as in determining the company's financing in the form of debt or leverage. According to Kurniasih and Sari (2013) leverage is an increase in the amount of debt which results",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 116,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Amelia Oktrivina Siregar",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 251,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Profitability, Leverage, Company Size, Tax Avoidance ..",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "105",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 456,
"height": 168,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "in the addition of new cost items in the form of interest and a reduction in the income tax cost of corporate taxpayers. In measuring and calculating the performance of the company's liabilities and equity, it is necessary to make measurements using the Debt to Equity Ratio. In this case, the Debt to Equity Ratio is a financial ratio used by the company in making decisions to show the financing of a company from the source of debt, which reflects a higher value of the company. The relationship between the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Tax Avoidance is such that if the DER is high, the debt is high, if the debt is high, the interest is also high, if the interest is high, it would have to reduce profits and reduce taxes. According to previous research conducted by Yoannis at al (2017), leverage has a positive effect on tax avoidance and Leverage (DER) could be defined as financial funding by companies originating from the use of debt which can provide benefits in the form of reduction in tax burden because the use of debt can cause interest expenses which reduce the income subjected to corporate tax. According to previous research conducted by Wastam I.G.A.M et al (2017) leverage has a negative effect on ax Avoidance.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 253,
"width": 456,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The larger the size of a company, the more complex the transactions they carry out regularly, which will allow the company to take advantage of existing loopholes and commit tax avoidance actions from each transaction. Tax avoidance has elements of confidentiality that reduce the transparency of a company, therefore it is very necessary to establish good corporate governance. From the description above, the research problem can be formulated as how the influence of profitability, leverage and company size affect tax avoidance. For this reason, researchers are interested in conducting an empirical test the effect of profitability, leverage, company size and institutional ownership with moderation of gender diversification of directors on tax avoidance in manufacturing companies in the automotive sector.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 369,
"width": 456,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "According to Mamduh M. Hanafi (2016: 313), the trade-off theory has the implication that managers will think in terms of trade-offs between tax savings and bankruptcy costs in determining capital structure. Losses on the use of debt can be caused by bankruptcy costs and agency costs. The Trade Off model cannot be used to accurately determine the optimal model of a company. However, through this model, a conclusion can be drawn about the use of debt where it can lead to a decrease in the tax cost as a part of cost burden, which then results in reduced company profits so that it is less likely for companies to do tax avoidance.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 475,
"width": 135,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "LITERATURE REVIEW",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 492,
"width": 456,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In the agency theory proposed by Jensen and Meckling (1976), agency relationships arise when one or more people (principals) employ another person (agent) to provide a service and then delegate the authority in making decisions to the agent (Luayyi, 2010). The delegation of authority is carried out by entering into a contract between the principal and the agent. Proper contract planning to align the interests of managers and owners in the event of a conflict of interest is at the heart of agency theory. However, creating the right contract is a difficult thing to realize. Therefore, investors are required to give the managers a residual control right, i.e. the right to make decisions in certain conditions that have not previously been seen in the contract (Nuswandari, 2009).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 586,
"width": 456,
"height": 59,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "According to Sari (2016), signaling theory explains why companies have the motivation to provide financial statement information to external parties. This motivation arises because of asymmetric information between the company (management) and external parties, where management knows the company's internal information which is relatively more abundant and faster than outside parties such as investors and creditors.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 661,
"width": 77,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tax Avoidance",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 680,
"width": 456,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The characteristics of a company can affect tax avoidance. Tax avoidance itself can be categorized as either a legal activity or an illegal activity depends on whether the transaction is carried out solely for tax avoidance and does not have a good business. Maharani and Suardana (2014:525-539) define tax avoidance as a way to legally avoid taxes that does not violate tax rules. Meanwhile, according to Annisa (2015) tax avoidance is the arrangement of transactions carried out by companies to obtain tax advantages, benefits, or reductions in the manner intended by tax law without violating the applicable tax rules. At this time the practice of tax avoidance is growing and supported by the development of information technology.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 215,
"top": 36,
"width": 289,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "AKURASI: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Vol 3, No. 2, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36407/akurasi.v3i2.522",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "106",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 85,
"width": 456,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Moreover, the increasingly open economy of a country will provide opportunities for companies to develop their business both locally and to overseas in the midst of increasingly fierce business competition. Entrepreneurs will try to get as much profit as possible and also to reach tax efficiency.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 136,
"width": 55,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Profitability",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 155,
"width": 456,
"height": 106,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "According to Fahmi (2014), profitability is the company's ability to earn profits in relation to sales, total assets and own capital. While Kasmir (2014) stated that companies with high returns on investment have relatively small debt because high returns allow companies to finance most of their internal funding. In other words, companies with large retained earnings will use retained earnings first before deciding to use debt. Return on Assets (ROA) is a ratio used to measure the company's ability to generate profits from investment activities. This ratio is used to measure management's ability to obtain overall profits. The greater the Return on Assets (ROA), the greater the level of profit achieved by the company and the better the company's position in terms of assets use.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 273,
"width": 41,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Leverage",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 292,
"width": 456,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "According to Kasmir (2014), in Wastam Wahyu.H (2017), Leverage is a ratio used to measure the extent to which a company's assets are financed by debt, i.e. how much debt is borne by the company compared to its assets. In other words, this ratio is used to measure the company's ability to pay all of its obligations, both short-term and long-term (total debt/total assets). Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) is a comparison between the total debt generated by the total equity obtained by the company as a source of funding. Companies that use debt in the composition of financing will incur interest expenses that must be paid. Interest expense is a deductible expense against taxable income, causing the company's taxable profit to be reduced and, in the end, it will reduce the amount of tax that must be paid by the company. This means that the higher the Debt to Equity Ratio, the greater the total debt to the company's total equity. Companies with too many obligations will find it difficult to get additional funds from outside. This will have an impact on companies that are most likely to make minimum tax payments .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 453,
"width": 69,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Company size",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 474,
"width": 456,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The size of the company will affect the capital structure based on the fact that a larger company has a high sales growth rate so that the company will be more daring to issue new shares and the tendency to use the loan amount is also getting bigger. Small-scale companies are more flexible in dealing with uncertainty, because small companies react more quickly to sudden changes. Thus, large companies would have a greater debt level compared to small companies, and a larger amount of debt would also result in a smaller tax burden, thus the size of the company affects tax avoidance.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 588,
"width": 221,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The effect of Profitability on Tax Avoidance",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 609,
"width": 456,
"height": 131,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on the explanation of the theory above, Return On Assets is related to the Signaling theory. Signaling theory states that high company profitability would give a signal that the company has a good performance. With high profits, the company will try to manage their taxes to a minimum value, so that the company's profit or net profit looks high in order to give a signal for investors that the company's performance is good. Based on the results of previous research conducted by Nur Laily (2017), Ulfa Jasmine (2017), Dianing Ratna Wijayani (2017), Komang Subagiastra, I Putu Edi Arizona, and I Nyoman Kusuma Adyana Mahaputra (2016), profitability using ROA has a positive effect on Tax Avoidance. From the description described above, the hypothesis can be concluded as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 93,
"top": 752,
"width": 222,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "H1: Profitability has an effect on Tax Avoidance",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 116,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Amelia Oktrivina Siregar",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 251,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Profitability, Leverage, Company Size, Tax Avoidance ..",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "107",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 205,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The effect of Leverage on Tax Avoidance",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 110,
"width": 456,
"height": 132,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "According to Yoanis Carrica Wijayanti and Ni Ketut Lely A. Merkusiwati (2017), Leverage has a positive effect on Tax Avoidance. Leverage (DER) is financial funding by companies originating from the use of debt which can provide benefits as a reduction in the tax expense because the use of debt can cause interest expenses which can reduce the company's taxable income. The funding decision policy set by the company can be described through the company's leverage ratio. However, the research of Gusti Ayu Widya Lestari, I.G.A.M Asri Dwija Putri (2017) and Ni Luh Putu Puspita Dewi and Naniek Noviari (2017) shows that Leverage has a negative effect on Tax Avoidance. High debt causes a low CETR so that it shows high tax avoidance. From the description described above, the hypothesis can be concluded as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 253,
"width": 210,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "H2: Leverage has an effect on Tax Avoidance.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 278,
"width": 226,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The effect of Company Size on Tax Avoidance",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 299,
"width": 456,
"height": 132,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The agency theory states that the larger the company is, the greater the agency costs that arise. To reduce agency costs, companies will tend to disclose more extensive information. Based on the results of previous research conducted by Khoirunnisa Alviyani (2016), Nur Laily (2017), Ulfa Jasmine (2017), Ngadiman and Christiany Puspitasari (2014), Company Size has an effect on Tax Avoidance. The size of the company is divided into three categories: large firms, medium firms, and small firms. The size of the company will affect the capital structure based on the fact that a larger company has a higher sales growth rate so that the company will be more daring to issue new shares and to take a higher amount of loan. From the description described above, the hypothesis can be concluded as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 124,
"top": 442,
"width": 232,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "H 3 : Company size has an effect on Tax Avoidance.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 478,
"width": 102,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "METHODOLOGY",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 497,
"width": 456,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "This research could be categorized as quantitative and causal research. Quantitative Research is a systematic scientific study of the parts, phenomena, and the causality of their variables’ relationships. The purpose of quantitative research is to develop and use mathematical models. Causal research is used to prove the relationship between cause and effect of several variables. Causal research usually uses the experimental method, which is by controlling the independent variable that will affect the dependent variable in the planned situation. In this case, it is necessary to test the relationship between the two or more variables. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the independent variables, which are Profitability, Leverage and Firm Size on the dependent variable, which is Tax Avoidance. The population in this study are the Automotive sector Manufacturing Companies in Indonesia which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the period of 2012-2019.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 670,
"width": 128,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Variable Operationalization",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 690,
"width": 458,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "According to Sugiyono (2017:38) independent variables are variables that affect or are the cause of changes and emergence of the dependent variable. The independent variables in this study are as follows: Profitability, proxied by Return On Assets, i.e. the comparison between net income and total assets at the end of the period, could be used as an indicator of the company's ability to generate profits (Kurniasih & Sari, 2013). According to Kasmir (2016:201) Return on Assets is used to show the company's ability to",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 215,
"top": 36,
"width": 289,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "AKURASI: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Vol 3, No. 2, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36407/akurasi.v3i2.522",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "108",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 85,
"width": 455,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "generate profits by using its total assets. Return on Assets can be calculated using the ratio of net income after tax to all assets owned, which can be mathematically formulated as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 223,
"top": 122,
"width": 163,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑂𝑛 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡(ROA) = Net Income Total Asset",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 162,
"width": 456,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "According to Kurniasih and Sari (2013: 63) leverage is a ratio that measures the ability of both long-term and short-term debt to finance company assets and is measured using the debt to equity ratio. Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) is a ratio that compares the total debt generated with the total equity obtained by the company as a source of funding. According to Kasmir (2016:157), Debt to Equity Ratio is a ratio used to assess debt and equity. This ratio describes the extent to which the capital owned can cover debts to outside parties. The smaller this ratio, the better for the company. This ratio can be calculated using the following formula:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 226,
"top": 267,
"width": 157,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "𝐷𝑒𝑏𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = Total Debt Total Equity",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 309,
"width": 456,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Machfoedz (in Suwito and Herawati, 2005: 138) states that company size is a scale that can classify companies into large and small companies based on various aspects, such as: total assets of the company, stock market value, average sales level, and number of sales. The size of the company (Size) that is proxied by Ln (Total Assets) is considered better because this company size has a more stable level than other proxies and tends to be continuous between one period and the next (Prakosa, 2014). Company size is measured using the natural logarithm of total assets (Prakosa, 2014). The formula for calculating company size is as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 228,
"top": 415,
"width": 140,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Company Size = 𝐿𝑛(Total Asset)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 443,
"width": 456,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "According to Sugiyono (2017:39), dependent variable is a variable that is influenced or is the result of the existence of independent variable. In this study, the dependent variable is Tax Avoidance. Tax avoidance is an attempt to reduce, or even eliminate, the tax debt that must be paid by the company without violating applicable laws. Measurement of Tax Avoidance in this study uses the measurement of the Cash Effective Tax Rate (CETR). The formula used to calculate tax avoidance is as follows:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 231,
"top": 511,
"width": 158,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "CETR = Tax payable by the company",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 269,
"top": 526,
"width": 119,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Company income before tax",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 556,
"width": 170,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 575,
"width": 158,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Descriptive Statistical Analysis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 596,
"width": 448,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Descriptive statistical analysis aims to explain and provide a statistical overview of all the variables in the sample data, which includes: mean, median, maximum and minimum values, as well as sizes, which can be seen in the following table.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 650,
"width": 40,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 1",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 665,
"width": 340,
"height": 105,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Descriptive Statistical Analysis Test Table CETR ROA DER SIZE Mean 0.552750 0.128594 0.518875 13063.81 Median 0.245000 0.097000 0.416500 12720.00 Maximum 9.893000 0.309000 1.029000 14546.00 Minimum 0.052000 0.002000 0.102000 12159.00 Std. Dev. 1.706544 0.094215 0.290434 862.0820",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 116,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Amelia Oktrivina Siregar",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 251,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Profitability, Leverage, Company Size, Tax Avoidance ..",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "109",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 456,
"height": 206,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The dependent variable Tax Avoidance as measured by the CETR proxy has the highest value of 9.893000 owned by PT Indospring Tbk in 2015, while the lowest tax avoidance is 0.052000 which is also owned by PT. Indospring Tbk in 2019. The average value for the CETR variable is 0.552750 and the standard deviation value for the ETR variable is 1.706544. The independent variable profitability (ROA) has the highest value of 0.309000 owned by PT Selamat Sempurna Tbk in 2014, and the lowest value of 0.002000 is owned by PT Indospring Tbk in 2015. The average value of the profitability variable is 0.128594 and the standard deviation value of profitability is 0.094215. The independent variable leverage (DER) has the highest value of 1.029000 owned by PT Astra Internasional Tbk in 2012, and the lowest leverage of 0.102000 owned by PT Indospring Tbk in 2019. The average value of the leverage variable is 0.518875 and the standard deviation value of the leverage variable is 0.290434. The independent variable company size (SIZE) has the highest value of 14546.00 owned by PT Astra International Tbk in 2019, and the lowest company size value of 12159.00 owned by PT Selamat Sempurna Tbk in 2012. The average value of the company size is 13063.81 and the standard deviation value of the company size is 862.0820.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 308,
"width": 36,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 2.",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 319,
"width": 45,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Chow Test",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 347,
"width": 138,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Redundant Fixed Effects Tests",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 360,
"width": 323,
"height": 83,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Equation: FE Test cross-section fixed effects Effects Test Statistic d.f. Prob. Cross-section F 5.340494 (3,25) 0.0056 Cross-section Chi-square 15.847042 3 0.0012",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 457,
"width": 155,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Source: Data processed in 2020",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 482,
"width": 456,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Since Prob. Cross-section F = 0.0056 < 0.05, hence the better model is Fixed effect. Therefore, in this study, the model used is Fixed effect.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 525,
"width": 41,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 3",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 539,
"width": 72,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hausman Test",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 558,
"width": 213,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Correlated Random Effects - Hausman Test Equation: RE Test cross-section random effects",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 611,
"width": 354,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Test Summary Chi-Sq. Statistic Chi-Sq. d.f. Prob. Cross-section random 16.021482 3 0.0011",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 675,
"width": 155,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Source: Data processed in 2020",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 699,
"width": 456,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Prob. Cross-section Random = 0.0011 < 0.05. Since Prob. Cross-section Random < 0.05, hence the better model is Fixed effect. Therefore, in this study, the model used is Fixed effect.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 215,
"top": 36,
"width": 289,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "AKURASI: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Vol 3, No. 2, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36407/akurasi.v3i2.522",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "110",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 85,
"width": 74,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 4 Hausman Test",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 119,
"width": 223,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Correlated Random Effects - Hausman Test",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 144,
"width": 353,
"height": 54,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Test Summary Chi-Sq. Statistic Chi-Sq. d.f. Prob. Cross-section random 16.021482 3 0.0011",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 221,
"width": 456,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Prob. Cross-section Random = 0.0011 < 0.05. Since Prob. Cross-section Random < 0.05, hence the better model is Fixed effect. Therefore, in this study, the model used is Fixed effect.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 259,
"width": 49,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 4.",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 275,
"width": 77,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Normality Test",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 303,
"width": 219,
"height": 184,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 289,
"top": 311,
"width": 93,
"height": 157,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Series: Standardized Residuals Sample 2012 2019 Observations 32 Mean 0.000000 Median -0.009666 Maximum 0.197949 Minimum -0.403308 Std. Dev. 0.132091 Skewness -0.860508 Kurtosis 3.953409 Jarque-Bera 5.161183 Probability 0.075729",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 500,
"width": 164,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Source: Data processed in 2020",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 528,
"width": 456,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The results of the non-parameter analysis of Jarque-Bera (JB) showed that the data is normally distributed because the probability of all variables is 5.161183 > 0.05, therefore H0 is accepted, which means that the residual data and variables are normally distributed.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 585,
"width": 46,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 5.",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 602,
"width": 110,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Multicollinearity Test",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 629,
"width": 301,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "CETR ROA DER SIZE CETR 1.000000 -0.663448 0.114680 -0.041434 ROA -0.663448 1.000000 0.294415 -0.039354 DER 0.114680 0.294415 1.000000 0.687852 SIZE -0.041434 -0.039354 0.687852 1.000000",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 702,
"width": 164,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Source: Data processed in 2020",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 730,
"width": 456,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "In table 5 above, it can be seen that the results of the value of the correlation coefficient between the independent variables in this study is within the range of numbers below 0.80, hence it can be concluded that the data used in this study is free from multicollinearity problems.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 116,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Amelia Oktrivina Siregar",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 251,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Profitability, Leverage, Company Size, Tax Avoidance ..",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "111",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 118,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 6. Heteroscedasticity Test",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 127,
"width": 141,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dependent Variable: RESASB Method: Panel Least Squares Date: 06/04/20 Time: 15:36 Sample: 2012 2019 Periods included: 8 Cross-sections included: 4",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 205,
"width": 353,
"height": 201,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Total panel (balanced) observations: 32 Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C 1.626663 1.122396 1.449277 0.1584 X1 0.008387 0.048020 0.174662 0.8626 X2 -0.061808 0.106503 -0.580342 0.5663 X3 -0.001359 0.000996 -1.365080 0.1831 R-squared 0.205685 Mean dependent var 0.124219 Adjusted R-squared 0.120580 S.D. dependent var 0.112701 S.E. of regression 0.105688 Akaike info criterion -1.540177 Sum squared resid 0.312760 Schwarz criterion -1.356960 Log likelihood 28.64282 Hannan-Quinn criter. -1.479445 F-statistic 2.416838 Durbin-Watson stat 1.381090 Prob(F-statistic) 0.087366",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 417,
"width": 164,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Source: Data processed in 2020",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 445,
"width": 456,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "From Table 6 above, it can be seen that the heteroscedasticity test showed that the probability of each independent variable (0.8626 ; 0.5663 ; 0.1831) is greater than 0.05. Hence, it can be concluded that the data in this research variables does not have heteroscedasticity in the model.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 504,
"width": 88,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hypothesis Test",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 531,
"width": 456,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on Table 6 the coefficient of determination test results obtained the adjusted R 2 value of 0.808302. This adjusted R 2 value indicates that all independent variables consisting of Return On Assets, Debt to Equity Ratio and Company Size (Size) can explain 80.83% of the variation of the dependent variable, which is Tax Avoidance, while the rest can be explained by other variables that are not included in the research.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 605,
"width": 456,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The results of the partial test (t-test) can be seen in Table 4.9. Based on Table 4.9, conclusions can be drawn regarding the effect of each independent variable, namely Return On Assets, Debt to Equity Ratio and Natural Logarithm of Total Assets on the dependent variable, namely Tax Avoidance. Based on table 4.9, it can be seen that the Return On Asset (ROA) variable has a regression coefficient value of -0.786934 and a t-count value of -7.619628 with a significance value of 0.0000 which is smaller than 5%. These results indicate that Return On Assets (ROA) has a significant negative effect. Therefore, the first hypothesis (H1) can be concluded that the Profitability (ROA) variable has a negative effect on Tax Avoidance (CETR) in Automotive Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Based on Table 8, it can be seen that the Leverage (DER) variable has a regression coefficient value of 1.246662 and a t-count value of 4.280780 with a significance value of 0.0002 which is smaller than 5%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 215,
"top": 36,
"width": 289,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "AKURASI: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Vol 3, No. 2, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36407/akurasi.v3i2.522",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "112",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 85,
"width": 44,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Table 7",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 101,
"width": 100,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Regression Analysis",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 134,
"width": 141,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dependent Variable: Y Method: Panel Least Squares Date: 06/04/20 Time: 15:33 Sample: 2012 2019 Periods included: 8",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 198,
"width": 355,
"height": 263,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Cross-sections included: 4 Total panel (balanced) observations: 32 Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C -28.00216 15.64782 -1.789525 0.0857 X1 -0.786934 0.103277 -7.619628 0.0000 X2 1.246662 0.291223 4.280780 0.0002 X3 0.024262 0.014152 1.714407 0.0988 Effects Specification Cross-section fixed (dummy variables) R-squared 0.845405 Mean dependent var -0.578594 Adjusted R-squared 0.808302 S.D. dependent var 0.335950 S.E. of regression 0.147090 Akaike info criterion -0.804903 Sum squared resid 0.540887 Schwarz criterion -0.484273 Log likelihood 19.87845 Hannan-Quinn criter. -0.698623 F-statistic 22.78551 Durbin-Watson stat 1.234017 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 472,
"width": 161,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Source: Data processed in 2020",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 498,
"width": 456,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "These results indicate that the Debt to Equity Ratio has no effect. Therefore, the second hypothesis (H2) can be concluded that the variable Leverage (DER) has a positive effect on Tax Avoidance (CETR) in Automotive Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Based on table 8, it can be seen that the variable Company Size (Size) has a regression coefficient value of 0.024262 and a t-count value of 1.714407 with a significance value of 0.0988 which is greater than 5%. These results indicate that the size of the company (Size) does not have a significant effect. Therefore, the third hypothesis (H3) can be concluded that the variable Company Size (Size) has no effect on Tax Avoidance (CETR) in Automotive Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Simultaneous Test (Test F) was done to determine whether Profitability (ROA) (X1), Leverage (DER) (X2) and Company Size (SIZE) (X3) have a simultaneous effect on Tax Avoidance (CETR) (Y). Based on the test results in table 4.10 (the results of the Regression Model fixed effect), it can be seen that the calculated F value is 22.78551 with a significance value of 0.000000 which is smaller than 5%. Therefore, it can be concluded that Profitability (ROA) (X1), Leverage (DER) ) (X2), Firm Size (SIZE) (X3) has a simultaneous effect on Tax Avoidance (CETR) (Y).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 694,
"width": 60,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Discussions",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 715,
"width": 202,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The effect of Profitability on Tax Avoidance",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 736,
"width": 456,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on the regression analysis results presented in Table 4.9 particularly the Profitability variable as proxied by the Return On Assets (ROA) ratio, it was proven that ROA has a negative effect on CETR. This study contradicts the research conducted by Deddy Dyas Cahyono et al.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 116,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Amelia Oktrivina Siregar",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 251,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Profitability, Leverage, Company Size, Tax Avoidance ..",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "113",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 456,
"height": 58,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(2015). However, this research is in line with research by Ulfa Jasmina (2017), Ngadiman and Puspitasari (2014), Dianing Ratna Wijayanti (2017), Komang Subagiastra et al (2016), Naniek Noviasari and Dewi (2017), Ririh Astrisna Ganiswari (2019) and Melisa Fadila (2017) which shows that profitability has a significant effect on Tax Avoidance.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 154,
"width": 456,
"height": 102,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "These results indicate that companies with a higher level of profit has a lower value of CETR, which means that the lower the CETR level, the higher the level of tax avoidance. Return on Assets reflects a company's performance in generating net income. The higher the profit generated, the more likely the company is to avoid tax, because the company wants to display large profits by minimizing the tax expense. By minimizing the tax expense, the company will provide maximum results for the company's profits. This was done by the company to give a signal to investors that the company's performance is good.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 268,
"width": 186,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The effect of Leverage on Tax Avoidance",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 289,
"width": 456,
"height": 87,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on the regression analysis results presented in Table 4.9 particularly the Leverage variable as proxied by the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), it was proven that DER has a positive effect on CETR. This research contradicts the research of Khoirunnisa Alviyani (2016), Deddy Dyas Cahyono et al (2016), Ngadiman & Puspitasari (2014) and Melisa Fadila (2017). However, this research is in line with the research of Yoanis Carrica Wijayanti and Ni Ketut Lely A. Merkusiwati (2017) which shows that Leverage has a positive effect on Tax Avoidance.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 378,
"width": 456,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "These results indicate that companies with a higher level of leverage has a lower level of CETR. This means that the lower the level of CETR, the higher the level of tax avoidance. This means that the higher the leverage, the higher the Tax Avoidance. Leverage has an effect on Tax Avoidance because debt that results in the emergence of interest expense can be deductible from taxable profit, while dividends from retained earnings cannot be deductible from profit. Interest expense that can be used as a deduction from taxable profit is interest expense that arises as a result of loans to third parties or creditors who have no relationship with the company (Marfu'ah, 2015).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 512,
"width": 210,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The effect of Company Size on Tax Avoidance",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 532,
"width": 456,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on the regression analysis results presented in Table 4.9 particularly the Company Size variable as proxied by the natural logarithm of Total Assets, it was proven that Company Size has a positive effect on CETR. This research contradicts with Deddy Dyas, Rita Andini, and Kharis Raharjo (2016) and Ririh Atrisna Ganiswari (2019). On the other hand, this research is in line with Alviyani (2016), Nur Laily (2017), Ulfa Jasmine (2017), Ngadiman & Puspitasari (2014), and Melisa Fadila (2017) showing that profitability has a positive effect on Tax Avoidance. These results indicate that companies with a higher level of company size has a lower level of CETR. This means that the lower the CETR level, the level of tax avoidance will increase. Hence, the higher the size of a company, the higher the tax evasion by the company. The effect of this variable is because paying taxes is the company's obligation. Large companies or small companies will always be chased by the tax authorities if they violate tax provisions.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 710,
"width": 212,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 730,
"width": 456,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Based on the results of data processing and hypothesis testing on all variables that have been carried out, the conclusions of this study are as follows: Profitability (ROA) has a negative effect on Tax Avoidance. This is based on hypothesis testing or significant test (t test) with t value = -",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 215,
"top": 36,
"width": 289,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "AKURASI: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Vol 3, No. 2, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36407/akurasi.v3i2.522",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "114",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 85,
"width": 456,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "7.619628 and probability (sig) = 0.0000 < (sig) 0.05. Profitability (ROA) can increase the level of tax avoidance. The higher the profit generated, the more likely the company is to avoid tax, because the company wants to display large profits, namely by minimizing the tax expense.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 130,
"width": 456,
"height": 87,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Leverage (DER) has a positive effect on Tax Avoidance. This is based on hypothesis testing or significant test (t test) with t value = 4.280780 and probability value (sig) = 0.0002 < (sig) 0.05. Leverage (DER) can increase the level of tax avoidance. The higher the leverage, the higher the Tax Avoidance. Leverage has an effect on Tax Avoidance because debt that results in the emergence of interest expense can be a deduction from taxable profit, while dividends from retained earnings cannot be deductible from profit.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 219,
"width": 456,
"height": 87,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Company Size (SIZE) has no effect on Tax Avoidance. This is based on hypothesis testing or significant test (t test) with t value = 1.714407 and probability value (sig) = 0.0988 > (sig) 0.05. Company size can increase the level of tax evasion. The higher the size of the company, the higher the tax avoidance done by the company, because paying taxes is the company's obligation. Large companies or small companies will always be chased by the tax authorities if they violate tax provisions.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 324,
"width": 60,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Suggestions",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 344,
"width": 456,
"height": 191,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adding other variables such as audit committee variables and institutional ownership, or adding mediating or intervening variables and control variables so that further researchers can find out whether or not these variables affect tax avoidance. Using other companies other than automotive companies, for example companies engaged in services, manufacturing, banking, telecommunications and so on, so that they are not limited to the automotive sector. So that it can be used as material to increase knowledge and insight about Tax Avoidance, so that company management can design a mechanism for implementing the company's sustainability properly and correctly. It is hoped that the government will further clarify the tax avoidance law in order to narrow down the tax avoidance actions by the taxpayers and make special requirements for companies that have debt with a certain ratio including interest, so that companies do not take advantage of debt interest as a tax deduction. Investors must really pay attention to whether the company practices tax avoidance legally or illegally by employing experts in the field of taxation, so as not to cause negative impacts in the future",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 559,
"width": 74,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "REFERENCES",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 581,
"width": 456,
"height": 104,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "http://www.idx.co.id Alfiyani, K. (2016). Pengaruh Corporate Governance, Karakter Eksekutif, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Leverage terhadap Penghindaran Pajak (studi pada perusahaan pertanian dan pertambangan yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2011-2014). Fekon Vol. 3 No. 1 (Februari) 2016 . Cahyono, A. &. (2016). Pengaruh Komite Audit, Kepemilikan Institusional, Dewan Komisaris, Ukuran Perusahaan, Leverage dan Profitabilitas terhadap Tindakan Penghindaran Pajak pada perusahaan perbankan yang listing BEI periode tahun 2011-2013. Journal of Accounting, Volume. 2 No. 2 Maret 2016 .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 685,
"width": 456,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fadila, M. (2017). Pengaruh ROA, Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan Kompensasi Rugi Fiskal, Kepemilikan Institusional dan Koneksi politik terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. JOM Fekon, Vol. 4 no. 1 (Februari) 2017 . Hidayat, W. W. (2018). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage dan Pertumbuhan Penjualan terhadap Penghindaran Pajak : studi kasus Perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia. Jurnal Riset Manajemen dan Bisnis (JRMB) vol 3, no. 1 februari 2018 , 19-26.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 36,
"width": 116,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Amelia Oktrivina Siregar",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 251,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Profitability, Leverage, Company Size, Tax Avoidance ..",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "115",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 456,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Jasmine, U. (2017). Pengaruh Leverage, Kepemilikan Institusional, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Profitabilitas terhadap Penghindaran Pajak (studi pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2012 - 2014). JOM Fekon Vol.4 No.1 (Februari) 2017 . Laily, N. (2017). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Institusional, Proporsi Dewan Komisaris, Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Return on Asset terhadap Penghindaran Pajak pada Perusahaan Manufaktur. STIE Perbanas Surabaya . Merkusiwati, W. &. (2017). Pengaruh Proporsi Komisaris Independen, Kepemilikan Institusional, Leverage dan Ukuran Perusahaan pada Penghindaran Pajak. ISSN: 2302-8556 E-Jurnal Akuntansi Univ Udayana Vol.20.1. July 2017 , 699-728.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 201,
"width": 456,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Noviari, D. &. (2017). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Leverage, Profitabilitas dan Corporate Social Responcibility terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. E-jurnal Akuntansi Univ. Udayana Vol 21.1. Oktober (2017) , 830-859.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 240,
"width": 456,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Puspitasari, N. &. (2014). Pengaruh Leverage, Kepemilikan Institusional dan Ukuran perusahaan terhadap Penghindaran Pajak pada perusahaan sektor manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI 2010-2012. Jurnal Akuntansi/Volume XVIII, no. 3, September 2014 , 408-421. Putri, L. &. (2017). Pengaruh Corporate Governance, Koneksi Politik dan Leverage terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana vol.18.3 Maret (2017) , 2028- 2054.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 317,
"width": 456,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Subagiastra, A. &. (2016). Pengaruh profitabilitas, Kepemilikan Keluarga, dan Good Corporate Governance terhadap Penghindaran Pajak (studi pada peusahaan manufaktur di BEI Indonesia). Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Vol. 1, No. 2, Desember 2016 , 167-193. Wijayani, D. R. (2017). Pengaruh Pofitabilitas, Kepeilikan Keluarga, Corporate Governance dan Kepemilikan Institusional terhadap Penghindaran Pajak di Indonesia (studi empiris Perusahaan manufaktur yang listed di BEI 2012-2014). JDEB Vol. 14 No. 02 Maret 2017 .",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 215,
"top": 36,
"width": 289,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "AKURASI: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Vol 3, No. 2, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36407/akurasi.v3i2.522",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 275,
"top": 781,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "116",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 101,
"width": 82,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DECLARATIONS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 129,
"width": 44,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Funding",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 142,
"width": 417,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The authors received no financial support for the research and publication of this article.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 168,
"width": 213,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Conflicts of interest/ Competing interests :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 180,
"width": 454,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 206,
"width": 209,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Data, Materials and/or Code Availability:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 219,
"width": 456,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 247,
"width": 117,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "How to cite this Article",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 262,
"width": 456,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Siregar, A.O, (2021). The Effect of Profitability, Leverage and Company Size on Tax Avoidance in the Automotive Sector Manufacturing Companies. AKURASI: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan , 3 (2), 103 - 116.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
0fe5d4ae-945a-841a-24b1-94c1070cbd4c | https://ejournal.kompetif.com/index.php/dayasaing/article/download/1346/942 | [
{
"left": 71,
"top": 52,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "536",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 377,
"width": 226,
"height": 397,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Platform media sosial sait ini menjadi tren dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Keberadaan media sosial memberikan pengaruh yang sangat besar dalam dunia bisnis. Di Indonesia perkembangan media sosial sedang mencapai puncaknya. Salah satu faktor penyebabnya adalah adanya pandemi COVID-19 yang melanda dunia beberapa tahun lalu. Akibatnya Perubahan perilaku konsumen juga berdampak, sebagian besar aktivitas dilakukan secara online, membuat orang lebih sering menggunakan internet. Perilaku konsumen merupakan perilaku yang ditunjukan oleh konsumen saat mencari, menggunakan, membeli dan memberikan evaluasi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dan keinginannya. Konsumen saat ini menginginkan sesuatu yang serba cepat dan mudah, ditambah lagi jika ingin membeli suatu barang orang tidak perlu lagi keluar rumah. dengan adanya internet dan smartphone saja dapat dengan mudah orang melakukan pembelian. Laporan We Are Social mencatat, jumlah pengguna internet di Indonesia telah mencapai 212,9 juta pada Januari 2023. Ini berarti sekitar 77% dari populasi Indonesia telah menggunakan internet. Jumlah pengguna internet pada Januari 2023 lebih tinggi 3,85% dibanding",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 377,
"width": 215,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "setahun lalu. Pada Januari 2022, jumlah pengguna internet di Indonesia tercatat sebanyak 205 juta jiwa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 579,
"width": 216,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan laporan tahunan “ Digital 2021: Global Overview Reports ” yang diterbitkan oleh Hootsuite dan WeAreSocial. Indonesia termasuk salah satu negara dengan pertumbuhan pengguna media sosial tertinggi, ada 170 juta pengguna saat ini (+6.3% dibanding 2020) yang setara dengan 61.8% dari populasi Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 80,
"top": 92,
"width": 436,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keterbentukan Keputusan Pembelian Melalui Persepsi Resiko, Reputasi dan Keamanan Pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 204,
"top": 144,
"width": 184,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "SRI MULYANA 1 ; DEWI SARTIKA 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 190,
"top": 171,
"width": 214,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Persada Bunda Jl. Diponegoro No. 42 Pekanbaru Telp. (0761)23181 E-mail: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 124,
"top": 215,
"width": 346,
"height": 6,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Submit : 2023-05-22 Review : 2023-06-15 Publish : 2023-06-26",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 105,
"top": 240,
"width": 381,
"height": 101,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Abstract : This study was conducted to analyze the factors that affect consumers in the city of Pekanbaru in making purchasing decisions on Tiktok. The independent variables consist of perceived risk (X1), Reputation (X2), and security (X3). The dependent variable is the purchase decision (Y). In this study the sample amounted to 108 respondents taken using accidental sampling technique and are analyzed by multiple linear regression utilizing SPSS 21 software. The test results prove that the (1) perceived risk has a significant effect on purchasing decision on Tiktok in Pekanbaru; (2) Reputation has significant effect on purchasing decision on Tiktok in Pekanbaru, (3) Security has significant effect on purchasing decision on Tiktok in Pekanbaru",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 105,
"top": 355,
"width": 285,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keywords: Perceived Risk, reputation, Security, Purchasing Decision",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 52,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "537",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 246,
"width": 223,
"height": 245,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Youtube dan Whatsapp berada di posisi teratas untuk platform yang paling sering digunakan. 93.8% pengguna internet, lebih sering menggunakan Youtube dan 87.7% nya menggunakan Whatsapp. Tahun 2020 merupakan tahun yang sangat sukses bagi media sosial TikTok. Awal tahun 2020, 25% pengguna internet menggunakan TikTok dan 2021 angkanya sudah bertumbuh menjadi 38.7%. TikTok memiliki pertumbuhan yang paling tinggi dibanding platform lainnya yang berada. Selain itu, TikTok berada di peringkat nomor 1 dengan app download terbanyak selama 2020. Kehadiran TikTok menambah daftar media sosial yang berpotensi membantu mempromosikan dan mengembangkan bisnis di Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 494,
"width": 223,
"height": 273,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berbelanja online pada media sosial khususnya tiktok memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan. Kelebihan berbelanja online pada media sosial diantaranya praktis , menghemat waktu, dan banyak pilihan barang yang dapat dibeli. Sedangkan kekurangannya yaitu adanya risiko penipuan, tidak dapat melihat barang secara langsung sehingga barang tidak dapat dicoba, penjual melakukan penjualan secara live tetapi hanya memutar video yang bukan produknya, terkadang barang yang dibeli tidak sesuai dengan harapan, dan pengiriman barang yang lama serta adanya ongkos kirim yang mahal. Menurut Kim, Ferrin, dan Rao (2008)Persepsi risiko memiliki pengaruh yang kuat terhadap keputusan pembelian. Konsumen yang merasakan adanya risiko saat berbelanja darling akan mengurangi keinginannya dalam membeli. Hal itu juga",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 88,
"width": 215,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "dibenarkan oleh Teo dan Liu (2007) yang mengatakan bahwa persepsi risiko memiliki hubungan negatif yang kuat dengan keinginan untuk membeli.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 348,
"top": 143,
"width": 179,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Selain persepsi resiko dalam",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 157,
"width": 216,
"height": 397,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "melakukan transaksi secara online pada tiktok reputasi juga merupakan faktor penting bagi kosnumen dalam melakukan transaksi. Konsumen dapat melihat reputasi penjual dengan melihat profil dan mengecek rating dari penjual. Konsumen juga dapat melihat rating dan komentar dari r eview konsumen yang sudah membeli. Hal ini perlu dilakukan oleh konsumen guna keamanan dalam bertransaksi. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Aziz dan Tiarawati (2021) terdapat pengaruh Reputasi penjual terhadap Keputusan Pembelian secara signifikan. Hal iu juga sama dengan penelitian selviana dan istyanto (2021) bahwa reputasi penjual berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian. Keamanan dalam bertransaksi merupakan faktor penting dalam membeli suatu produk dalam media online. Tik tok shope memiliki filtrasi tersendiri guna meminimalisir terjadinya kejahatan digital dan penipuan, sehingga akan menambah kepercayaan konsumen untuk membeli produk dengan menggunakan tiktok shop. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan penelitian Yunita, Sumarsono dan Farida (2019) yaitu keamanan memiliki pengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 557,
"width": 216,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut maka rumusan masalah penelitian adalah Bagaimana Pengaruh Persepsi Resiko terhadap keputusan pembelian pada tiktok di pekanbaru, Bagaimana pengaruh reputasi terhadap keputusan pembelian pengguna Tiktok di Pekanbaru dan Bagaimana pengaruh Keamanan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 681,
"width": 216,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keputusan pembelian merupakan proses-proses yang terjadi pada saat sebelum seseorang konsumen melakukan pembelian suatu produk ( Nurmansyah, 2018) .Proses Keputusan Pembelian melalui beberapa tahap yang dilakukan oleh konsumen. Tahap tersebut akan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 52,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "538",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 223,
"height": 563,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "menghasilkan suatu keputusan baik itu membeli atau tidak dan setelah membeli konsumen akan puas atau tidak. Kotler dan Keller yang di alih bahasakan oleh Sumarwan (2011) menyatakan proses keputusan pembelian terdiri dari lima tahap yaitu; (a) Pengenalan Kebutuhan ( Need Recognition ), proses pembelian dimulai ketika pembeli mengenali masalah atau kebutuhan. Kebutuhan tersebut dapat dicetuskan oleh rangsangan internal atau eksternal. (b) Pencarian Informasi, seorang konsumen yang terangsang akan terdorong untuk mencari informasi yang lebih banyak. Dalam hal ini dapat dibagi kedalam dua level rangsangan. Situasi pencarian informasi yang lebih ringan dinamakan penguatan perhatian. Pada level ini, orang hanya sekedar lebih peka terhadap informasi produk. Pada level selanjutnya, orang itu mungkin mulai aktif untuk mencari informasi: mencari bahan bacaan, menelepon temannya, mengunjungi toko untuk mengetahui detail mengenai produk tertentu. (c) Evaluasi Alternatif, tidak ada proses evaluasi tunggal sederhana yang digunakan oleh semua konsumen atau oleh satu konsumen dalam semua situasi pembelian.). (d) Keputusan Membeli. Pada tahap keputusan membeli, konsumen akan melakukan evaluasi membentuk preferensi terhadap merek-merek yang terdapat pada perangkat pilihan. (e) Perilaku Pasca Pembelian. Pembelian Tugas pemasar tidak berakhir saat produk dibeli oleh konsumen, melainkan berlanjut hingga periode pasca pembelian. Setelah pembelian produk terjadi, konsumen akan mengalami suatu tingkat kepuasan atau ketidakpuasan. Kepuasan atau ketidakpuasan konsumen terhadap produk akan mempengaruhi tingkah laku konsumen berikutnya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 654,
"width": 223,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Terdapat dua keterlibatan konsumen dalam pembuatan keputusan pembelian menurut Peter dan Olson (2013), meliputi : (a) Keterlibatan situasional hanya terjadi seketika pada situasi tertentu dan bersifat temporer. (b) Keterlibatan tahan lama berlangsung lebih lama dan bersifat permanen. Seorang konsumen membeli barang dengan keterlibatan yang permanen",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 88,
"width": 215,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "karena menganggap bahwa jika tidak membeli produk tersebut akan merusak konsep dirinya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 129,
"width": 216,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut Sutisna dan Sunyoto (2013), ada tiga hal penting dari memahami model keputusan pembelian konsumen yaitu: (a) Dengan adanya model, pandangan terhadap perilaku konsumen bisa dilihat dalam perspektif yang terintegrasi. (b) Model keputusan pembelian konsumen dapat dijadikan dasar untuk pengembangan strategi pemasaran yang efektif. (c) Model keputusan pembelian konsumen dapat dijadikan dasar untuk segmentasi dan positioning.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 295,
"width": 216,
"height": 273,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kotler dan Amstrong (2012) dalam Priansa (2018), dimensi keputusan pembelian terdiri dari: (a) Pilihan Produk. Konsumen dapat mengambil keputusan untuk membeli sebuah produk atau menggunakan uangnya untuk tujuan yang lain. (b) Pilihan Merek. Konsumen harus memutuskan merek mana yang akan dibelinya. (c) Pilihan Saluran Pembelian. Konsumen mengambil keputusan tentang penyalur mana yang akan dikunjungi. (d) Waktu Pembelian. Keputusan konsumen dalam pemilihan waktu pembelian bisa berbeda, misalnya: ada yang membeli setiap hari, satu minggu sekali, dua minggu sekali, tiga minggu sekali, satu bulan sekali dan sebagainya. (e) Jumlah Pembelian. Konsumen dapat mengambil keputusan tentang seberapa banyak produk yang akan dibelinya pada suatu saat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 571,
"width": 219,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Menurut Sciffman dan Kanuk (2010), persepsi risiko adalah dampak yang dapat dirasakan ketika seseorang tidak dapat memperkirakan keputusan yang telah diambil. Menurut Olglethorpe (1994) mendefinisikan persepsi risiko adalah sebagai persepsi konsumen mengenai ketidakpastian dan konsekuensi- konsekuensi negatif yang mungkin diterima atas pembelian suatu produk atau jasa (Mulyana 2016)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 723,
"width": 216,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Risiko melakukan transaksi online meliputi pada finansial, kinerja atau tampilan, sosial, psikologi, fisik dan risiko temporer (Karami & Wismiarsi, 2016)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 52,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "539",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 223,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Namun dalam praktiknya tidak seluruh risiko tersebut mampu dipersepsikan atau dipertimbangkan oleh konsumen. Hal ini tentunya sesuai dengan pengalaman, pengetahuan, wawasan dan kemampuan konsumen. Indikator persepsi risiko adalah sebagai berikut (Yunita dkk, 2019): (1). Risiko Produk (2). Risiko transaksi (3). Risiko psikologi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 212,
"width": 223,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pada konteks transaksi secara nline, suatu reputasi yang cemerlang bisa dilakukan dengan cara memberikan tanggapan atau respon yang ramah dan cepat, pengiriman barang dengan tepat waktu, sesuai dengan permintaan pelanggan dan juga kemudahan untuk mengaksesnya (Adi, 2013). Pelayanan atau sevice yang maksimal dapat mengurangi kekhawatiran para calon konsumen terkait transaksi online.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 350,
"width": 223,
"height": 122,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dalam membangun kepercayaan konsumen memberikan jaminan keamanan adalah salah satu hal yang harus diperhatikan oleh penjual karena merupakan hal yang sangat penting, sehingga konsumen merasa data yang diberikan akan selalu aman dan tidak akan dapat digunakan oleh pihak yang salah dan dapat merugikan konsumen. Indikator keamanan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 461,
"width": 223,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keamanan dapat dikatakan sebagai kemampuan toko dalam menjaga keamanan atas",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 488,
"width": 222,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "segala transaksi.Indikator",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 502,
"width": 223,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keamanan menurut Raman Arasu dan Viswanathan A. (2011) adalah: (1). Tidak menyalahgunakan data pribadi konsumen. (2). Memberikan penjagaan dan merahasiakan data diri konsumen dari pihak",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 239,
"top": 571,
"width": 55,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "hacker.(3).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 585,
"width": 222,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Memberikan keyakinan akan jaminan keamanan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 626,
"width": 56,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "METODE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 640,
"width": 223,
"height": 135,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Penelitian dilakukan di Pekanbaru, dengan cara menyebarkan angket penelitian terhadap konsumen yang melakukan pembelian di Tiktok. Populasi yang digunakan adalah konsumen yang telah melakukan pembelian di Tiktok, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 108 responden. Teknik analisa data dengan bantuan SPSS Versi 23. Uji yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari uji validitas, dengan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 88,
"width": 215,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "meggunakan metode Corrected item total correlation, uji reliabilitas,dengan membandingkan nilai Cronbach’s Alpha yang didapat dengan nilai Cronbach’s Alpha yang diambil sebagai acuan, yaitu sebesar 0,7. Selain itu ditentukan juga persamaan regresi linear berganda, uji t, dengan ketentuan t hitung> t tabel dan uji F, dengan kriteria F hitung>F tabel.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 226,
"width": 43,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "HASIL",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 240,
"width": 216,
"height": 232,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Dari hasil penyebaran angket sebanyak 108 rsponden, maka didapatlah hasil untuk karakteristik responden menunjukkan bahwa jumlah responden yang terbanyak melakukan pembelian di Tiktok adalah perempuan dengan jumlah 70 orang dengan persentasi 64,8. Usia responden yang melakukan pembelian di Tiktok terbanyak berada pada usia 17-25 tahun dengan jumlah 95 orang dengan persentase 88,0. Responden telah melakukan pembelian terbanyak yaitu lebih dari 6 kali dengan jumlah 63 orang dengan persentase 58,3. Jenis barang yang dibeli terbanyak di Tiktok oleh responden adalah Fashion dengan jumlah 81 orang dengan persentasi 75,0.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 488,
"width": 189,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Persamaan regresi Linear Berganda",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 502,
"width": 215,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hasil persamaan regresi linear berganda dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 530,
"width": 179,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tabel 12. Regresi Linier berganda",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 328,
"top": 543,
"width": 195,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Model Unstandardize d Coefficients Standardiz ed Coefficien ts t Sig.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 383,
"top": 590,
"width": 82,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "B Std. Error Beta",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 314,
"top": 613,
"width": 210,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1 (Constant) -1.750 1.348 - 1.298 .197 Persepsi Resiko x1 -.019 .115 -.016 -.164 .870 Reputasi x2 .800 .123 .613 6.518 .000 Keamanan x3 .387 .122 .251 3.187 .002",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 710,
"width": 216,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan tabel di atas, maka didapat persamaan regresi linier berganda yaitu Y=-1,750-,019X1+0,800X2+0,387X3 Hal ini berarti",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 52,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "540",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 223,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a= -1,750 merupakan konstanta, hal ini menunjukkan ketika persepsi resiko (X1), reputasi (X2) dan keamanan (X3) dianggap nol, maka keputusan pembelian bernilai -1,750",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 157,
"width": 225,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b1= koefisien regresi persepsi resiko (X1) sebesar -0,019, mengalami peningkatan satu satuan sementara reputasi (X2) dan keamanan (X3) dianggap konstan/nol, maka keputusan pembelian mengalami penurunan sebesar 0,019",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 240,
"width": 223,
"height": 163,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b2= koefisien regresi reputasi (X1) sebesar 0,800, mengalami peningkatan satu satuan sementara persepsi resiko (X1) dan keamanan (X3) dianggap konstan/nol, maka keputusan pembelian mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0,800 b3= koefisien regresi keamanan (X3) sebesar 0,387, mengalami peningkatan satu satuan sementara persepsi resiko (X1) dan reputasi (X2) dianggap konstan/nol, maka keputusan pembelian mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0,387.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 419,
"width": 26,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji t",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 433,
"width": 223,
"height": 273,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji t digunakan untuk melihat pengaruh masing-masing variabel X yang terdir dari persepsi resiko (x1), reputasi (x2) dan keamanan (x3) terhadap variabel Y yaitu keputusan pembelian. T tabel diperoleh dengan cara Df=N-K-1=108-3-1=104 dengan taraf signifikan sebesar 0,05. Sehingga diperoleh t tabel sebesar 1.98304. Nilai t hitung untuk masing-masing variabel persepsi resiko (X1) yaitu -0,164 < t tabel (1.98304) dengan sig > 0,05, maka persepsi resiko tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian, reputasi (X2) yaitu 6,518> t tabel (1.98304) dengan sig < 0,5 maka reputasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kep utusan pembelian, serta keamanan (X3) yaitu 3,187 > t tabel (1.98304) dengan sig< 0,05 maka keamanan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 723,
"width": 29,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji F",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 736,
"width": 223,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Uji F digunakan untuk melihat pengaruh secara simultan variabel X yang terdiri dari persepsi resiko, reputasi dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 88,
"width": 219,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "keamanan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Penentuan F tabel dilakukan dengan cara Df1 =K-1=3-1=2. Df2=N-K=108-4=104, sehingga didapat F tabel sebesar 2,69. Nilai F hitung untuk uji simultan adalah50,287 > F tabel ( 2.69) dengan sig <0,05. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa persepsi resiko, reputasi dan keamanan berpengaruh secara simultan terhdap keputusan pembelian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 226,
"width": 88,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 240,
"width": 216,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Persepsi Resiko terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 281,
"width": 216,
"height": 232,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai t hitung persepsi resiko yaitu sebesar -0,164, sedangkan t tabel sebesar 1.98304 dan sig 0.870 > 0,05. Sehingga persepsi resiko tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru. Hal ini tidak sejalan dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Haryani (2019) yang mengatakan bahwa persepsi resiko berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian secara online di Tanjung Pinang. Begitu juga dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Yunita dkk (2019) yaitu persepsi risiko memiliki pengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian pada komunitas buka lapak Ponorogo.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 530,
"width": 216,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Reputasi terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 557,
"width": 216,
"height": 204,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai t hitung reputasi yaitu sebesar 6,518, sedangkan t tabel sebesar 1.98304 dan sig 0.00 < 0,05. Sehingga reputasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru. Hal ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Tjakraatmaja dan Harjanti (2018) yang mengatakan bahwa reputasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian secara online pada produk kosmetik di Instagram Begitu juga dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Aziz dan Tiarawati (2021) yaitu reputasi penjual",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 52,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "541",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 88,
"width": 222,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "memiliki pengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 129,
"width": 223,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Keamanan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 157,
"width": 186,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 171,
"width": 223,
"height": 232,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "diperoleh nilai t hitung keamanan yaitu sebesar 3,187, sedangkan t tabel sebesar 1.98304 sehingga t hitung > t tabel. Begitu juga dengan nilai sig 0,02 < 0,05. Sehingga keamanan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru. Hal ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Yunita dkk (2019) yaitu keamanan memiliki pengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap keputusan pembelian pada komunitas Buka lapak Ponorogo. Ha ini sejalan juga dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Puanda dan Rahmidani, 2021.yang mengatakan bahwa keputusan pembelian online melalui aplikasi Shopee dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh variabel keamanan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 419,
"width": 222,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Persepsi Resiko, Reputasi dan Keamanan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 461,
"width": 63,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 461,
"width": 223,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai F hitung yaitu sebesar 50,287, sedangkan F tabel sebesar 2,69 dan sig 0.00 < 0,05. Sehingga persepsi resiko, reputasi dan keamanan secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru.hal ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Yunita dkk (2019) yaitu terdapat pengaruh persepsi risiko, kepercayaan dan keamanan terhadap keputusan pembelian online di Buka lapak. Ponorogo.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 640,
"width": 70,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "SIMPULAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 654,
"width": 222,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berdasarkan tujuan penelitian yang ingin dicapai, maka dapat diambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 695,
"width": 223,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1. Persepsi resiko berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 736,
"width": 223,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2. Reputasi berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 88,
"width": 215,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3. Keamanan berpengaruh terhadap",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 102,
"width": 197,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "keputusan pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 129,
"width": 215,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4. Persepsi resiko, reputasi dan keamanan berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Tiktok di Pekanbaru",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 185,
"width": 115,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "DAFTAR RUJUKAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 212,
"width": 216,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adi, Rifki dan Widiyanto. 2013. Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian dengan sistem pre order secara online (Studi kasus pada online shop Chopper Jersey).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 307,
"width": 216,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Aziz dan Tiarawati. (2021). Pengaruh Reputasi Penjual, Kepercayaan dan Kemudahan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Online Second Hand (Studi pada Pengguna Aplikasi OLX) . Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sains Indonesia (JRMSI). Volume 12 No 1",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 429,
"width": 216,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Haryani, Dwi Septi.2019. Pengaruh persepsi risiko terhadap keputusan pembelian online di tanjungpinang . DIMENSI, VOL.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 485,
"width": 173,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "8, NO. 2 : 198-209 JULI 2019 ISSN: 2085-9996",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 524,
"width": 209,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "https://www.kompasiana.com/bayu1127/63 4183bfc1cb8a575a57c522/perkem bangan-tiktok-sebagai-sarana- digital-marketing-di-indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 591,
"width": 216,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kanuk, L. G. (2010). Consumer behavior (10th ed). usa: prentica hall international .inc.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 645,
"width": 216,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Karami, K., & Wismiarsi, T. (2016). Pengaruh risiko pada keputusan belanja online . Prosiding Seminar Nasional INDOCOMPAC (pp. 320- 333). Jakarta: Universitas Bakrie.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 739,
"width": 216,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mulyana. (2016). Pengaruh kepercayaan, persepsi risiko dan keamanan terhadap minat beli konsumen",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 52,
"width": 21,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "542",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 88,
"width": 181,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "pada toko online (studi pada toko online OLX.co.id) .Skripsi Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 141,
"width": 223,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nurmansyah, (2018), Pengantar Manajemen Pemasaran, Unilak Press, Jakarta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 181,
"width": 223,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Peter , J Paul and Jerry C Olson . 2013 .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 195,
"width": 180,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perilaku Konsumen dan Strategi. Pemasaran. Jakarta: Erlangga",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 234,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Priansa, Donni Juni. (2017). Perilaku",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 248,
"width": 180,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Konsumen Dalam Persaingan Bisnis",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 262,
"width": 167,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kontemporer . Bandung : Alfabeta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 288,
"width": 222,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Puanda, Firman,dan Rahmidani, Rose. 2021. Pengaruh Kepercayaan dan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 315,
"width": 180,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Keamanan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Online Melalui Aplikasi Shopee . Vol. 4 .No.3, 2021.http://ejournal.unp.ac.id/studen ts/index.php/pek/index",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 396,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Raman arasu dan viswanathan a. (2011).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 410,
"width": 180,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh faktor keamanan, pengetahuan TI, kualitas layanan dan persepri risiko terhadap keputusan pembelian melalui situs",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 465,
"width": 72,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "jejaring sosia l",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 491,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Salsabila, Hana Zahra, Susanto, Hutami,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 505,
"width": 181,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Lusia Tria Hatmanti .2021. Pengaruh Persepsi Risiko, Manfaat Dan Kemudahan Penggunaan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Online Pada Aplikasi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 574,
"width": 180,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Shopee . JIMKES Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan Vol. 9 No. 1, 2021 pp. 87-96 IBI Kesatuan ISSN 2337 – 7860 E-ISSN 2721 – 169X",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 641,
"width": 223,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Selviana, Yesy, Istiyanto Budi. 2021 Pengaruh Variabel Reputasi, Keamanan, dan Kemudahan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Msyarakat Solo di Shopee . Mabha Jurnal. Volume 2 No 2.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 71,
"top": 736,
"width": 222,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sugiyono.2016. Metode penelitian",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 750,
"width": 181,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kuantitatif, kualitatif dan R&D .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 763,
"width": 91,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bandung:Alfabeta",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 88,
"width": 215,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sutisna, Sunyoto. (2013). Perilaku Konsumen dan Komunikasi Pemasaran . Jakarta: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 155,
"width": 215,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tjakraatmadja, Albertina Tri Netta dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 169,
"width": 173,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Harjanti, Dhyah.2018. Pengaruh reputasi dan kepercayaan terhadap keputusan pembelian secara online pada produk kosmetik di instagram . AGORA",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 238,
"width": 98,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Vol. 7 No. 1, (2018)",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 264,
"width": 215,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yunita, Sumarsono dan Farida. 2019.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 355,
"top": 277,
"width": 173,
"height": 108,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaruh Persepsi Resiko, Kepercayaan, dan Keamanan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Onlne di Buka Lapak (Studi Kasus Pada Komunitas Buka Lapak Ponorogo). Isoquant: Jurnal Ekonokmi, Manajemen & Akuntansi. Vol 3 No 1.",
"type": "Table"
}
] |
e2e691ab-a9b4-9bb2-e66c-1a81a8ce14ff | https://jurnalekonomi.unisla.ac.id/index.php/jpensi/article/download/1492/924 | [
{
"left": 301,
"top": 27,
"width": 269,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Penelitian Ekonomi dan Akuntansi (JPENSI ) http://jurnalekonomi.unisla.ac.id/index.php/jpensi e-ISSN 2621-3168 p-ISSN 2502 – 3764",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 781,
"width": 150,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 8 No.1, February 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 462,
"top": 781,
"width": 13,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "95",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 117,
"top": 96,
"width": 393,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analysis Of Village Revenue And Allocation Of Village Funds To Village Expenses",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 148,
"width": 392,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wanda Nur Fauziah 1 , Fidyah Arini Kusuma Wardhani 2 , Datuk Maralelo S. 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 166,
"width": 296,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Jurusan Akuntansi , Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Gempol, [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 197,
"width": 296,
"height": 31,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 Jurusan Akuntansi , Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Gempol, [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 229,
"width": 404,
"height": 268,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3 2 Jurusan Akuntansi , Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Gempol, [email protected] Article Info Abstract Received February 2, 2023 Revised February 6, 2023 Published February 15, 2023 This study aims to determine the effect of village original income and village fund allocations on village expenditures for the 2019 to 2021 fiscal years. The independent variables in this study are Village Original Income (PAD) and Village Fund Allocation (ADD), while the dependent variable in this study is Expenditure. Village. The data analysis technique is descriptive quantitative which uses descriptive statistical analysis and the analytical method in this observation uses the correlation coefficient analysis and determination coefficient analysis. It can therefore be concluded that the initial income of the village and the allocation of village funds have a significant effect on village expenditure. effect on village expenditure",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 388,
"width": 54,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 118,
"top": 409,
"width": 140,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Village Original Income,",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 118,
"top": 422,
"width": 132,
"height": 28,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Village Fund Allocation and village shopping",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 504,
"width": 99,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "INTRODUCTION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 529,
"width": 404,
"height": 140,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Village government is the implementation of government affairs and community interests in the system of interests of the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia. Management of government operation is currently managed or implemented by the village government. The village government consists of a village head or another term who is assisted by village officials. Village officials are appointed by the village head and are tasked with assisting the running of village administration (Aji, 2019)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 674,
"width": 400,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "About Villages, Village finances are all Village rights and obligations that can be valued in money and everything in the form of money and goods related to the implementation of Village rights and obligations. Meanwhile, Village Assets are Village-owned goods originating from the Village's original wealth, purchased",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 27,
"width": 295,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wanda Nur Fauziah, Fidyah Arini Kusuma Wardhani, Datuk Maralelo S",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 783,
"width": 15,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "96",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 357,
"top": 783,
"width": 147,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 8 No.1, February 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 71,
"width": 403,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "or obtained at the expense of the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget or the acquisition of other legal rights, According to Law no. 6 of 2014 Article 1 Paragraph 11 Concerning Villages.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 133,
"width": 406,
"height": 202,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The purpose of providing village funds is to increase the service capacity of the masses, reduce poverty, increase economic progress, overcome infrastructural differences between villages, enhance residents' potential as village infrastructure topics, to encourage efforts to increase self-help and mutual cooperation. The management of village finances must also be truly efficient in the use of the original village income budget, allocation of village funds and village expenditures. This can be tested from the difference between the Original Village Revenue Budget, Village Fund Allocation and Village Expenses between budget and actual. Thus the village can achieve effective and efficient financial management.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 340,
"width": 405,
"height": 79,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Based on this background, the authors are interested in conducting an in- depth study to describe “ Analysis Of Original Village Revenue And Allocation Of Village Funds For Village Expenditure In Carat Village, Gempol District ”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 436,
"width": 64,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METHODS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 457,
"width": 403,
"height": 120,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The object of this research is the report of the realization of the APBes (Budget of income and expenditure of the village) in the village of Carat, district of Gempol, namely the period of 2019, 2020 and 2021. The data of the report of achievement were obtained on the basis of the financial reports of the village. application media, namely SISKEUDES (Village Financial System). then the search framework can be depicted in the diagram below",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 695,
"width": 401,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This data collection technique was carried out using 3 techniques, namely the observation technique where the researcher made direct observations in the field by looking at the data provided to those who regulate the finances of the",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 124,
"top": 592,
"width": 327,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Village Original Income (X1) Allocation of Village Funds (X2) Village Expenditures (Y)",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 27,
"width": 293,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wanda Nur Fauziah, Fidyah Arini Kusuma Wardhani, Datuk Maralelo S",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 793,
"width": 150,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 8 No.1, February 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 462,
"top": 793,
"width": 13,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "97",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 71,
"width": 402,
"height": 119,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "village and observing how the budget of the village fund. Then, the interview technique was carried out by asking questions to the informants, as parties related to the financial management in Carat Village. And finally the documentation technique in the form of data from the original village income achievement report, village fund allocation achievement reports and village expenditure from 2019 to 2021..",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 195,
"width": 403,
"height": 119,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The method of analysis in this observation uses a method of quantitative analysis in which this research will describe an object or a phenomenon in accordance with the reality that exists and this research uses the figures of the reports on the realization of village incomes and allocations of village funds as well as reports the realization of village expenditures in the village of Carat which is carried out using the SPSS application program as a tool to test the data.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 319,
"width": 403,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Correlation coefficient analysis to determine the effect of village source income and village fund allocation on village expenditure and determination coefficient analysis to determine the extent to which village source income and allocation of village funds are able to cover village expenses.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 416,
"width": 163,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 440,
"width": 401,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data on the initial village income, allocation of village funds and village expenditures can be viewed in detail in the table below:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 487,
"width": 377,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "year Village Original Income Allocation of Village Funds Village Expenditures 2019 Rp. 1.691.292.000,- Rp. 457.038.000,- Rp. 1.691.292.000,- 2020 Rp. 1.695.342.347,- Rp. 457.038.000,- Rp. 1.695.780.373,- 2021 Rp. 1.750.532.356,- Rp. 415.334.024,- Rp. 1.755.683.912,-",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 569,
"width": 400,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "From the data of the number of realizations in the table above, it can be seen that the amount of the village's original income and the allocation of village funds are not too far from the amount of the realization of the expenditure of the village, so in this case, of course, the original amount of the village income and the allocation of village funds will affect the village expenditure or vice versa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 664,
"width": 401,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The original village income variable has a minimum value of 1691, a maximum value of 1750, a mean value of 1712, and a standard deviation value of 32.97. For the village fund allocation variable, it has a minimum value of 415, a maximum value of 457, a mean value of 443, and a standard deviation value of 24.24. Meanwhile, the village expenditure variable has a minimum value of 1691, a maximum value of 1756, a mean",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 27,
"width": 295,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wanda Nur Fauziah, Fidyah Arini Kusuma Wardhani, Datuk Maralelo S",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 783,
"width": 15,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "98",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 357,
"top": 783,
"width": 147,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 8 No.1, February 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 71,
"width": 245,
"height": 15,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "value of 1714, and a standard deviation value of 36.17.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 90,
"width": 404,
"height": 129,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The original income of the village has a significant relationship with the expenditure of the village. The positive value of the Pearson correlation indicates that the higher the original income of the village, the more the expenses of the village will increase. The negative value of the Pearson correlation indicates that the greater the allocation of village funds, the more village expenditures will decrease. This means that 100% of village income and village fund allocations are able to meet village expenses without having to require balancing funds from the government.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 226,
"width": 84,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "CONCLUSION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 251,
"width": 402,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The original village income has a significant effect on village expenditure. This can be proven from the results of the correlation coefficient test with a positive Pearson's correlation value indicating that the higher the village's initial income, the higher the village's expenditure will increase.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 338,
"width": 405,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The allocation of village funds has a significant effect on village expenditures. This can be proven from the results of the correlation coefficient test with a negative Pearson correlation value indicating that the larger the village fund allocation, the more the village expenditure will decrease.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 433,
"width": 84,
"height": 17,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "REFERENCES",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 453,
"width": 400,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A., Morissan M. dkk. 2017. Metode Penelitian Survei. Jakarta: Kencana Aji, purwo irawan. 2019. Panduan Perpajakan Dalam Belanja Desa. Yogyakarta: Deepublish.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 506,
"width": 403,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amnan, Annisa Riski dan Hardiani Herman Sjahruddin 2019. “Pengaruh Alokasi Dana Desa dan Pendapatan Asli Desa Terhadap Belanja Desa”. Jurnal Organisasi dan Manajemen , Agustus 2019.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 553,
"width": 405,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aprisilia Ristia Kaeng. 2015. Analisis Pendapatan Asli Daerah Untuk Belanja Daerah Pada Pemerintah Kota Tomohon. Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 601,
"width": 405,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arifatun, Nur Amelia, dan Rohmad Yuliantoro C. W., S.E., M.Se. 2018. “Pengaruh Pendapatan Asli Desa (PADesa), Sana Desa (DD). Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD), Dan Bagi Hasil Pajak Dan Retribusi (BHPR), Terhadap Alokasi Belanja Desa Bidang Kesehatan Tahun 2018 (Studi Pada Desa- Desa di Kabupaten Klaten)”. Naskah Publikasi. Universitas Ahmad Dahlan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 676,
"width": 400,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Artikel Dinas Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Desa, 2018, [Online] Didapatkan < https://m5.gs/SVdIdT [15> Februari 2018]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 709,
"width": 100,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Di akses, Juni 2022",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 729,
"width": 400,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bambang Trisantoro Soemantri. 2011. Pedoman Penyelenggaraan Pemerintah Desa . Bandung: Fokusmedia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 27,
"width": 293,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wanda Nur Fauziah, Fidyah Arini Kusuma Wardhani, Datuk Maralelo S",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 793,
"width": 150,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 8 No.1, February 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 462,
"top": 793,
"width": 13,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "99",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 71,
"width": 400,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dasuki, Tirto Marta Sugema. 2020. “Pengaruh Pendapatan Asli Desa dan Aokasi Dana Desa Terhadap Belanja Desa di Kab. Majalengka”. Jurnal Akuntansi Keuangan dan Sistem Informasi (/JAKSI), Vol. 1 No. 2, Agustus-Februari Tahun 2020. ISSN : 2721-060X. Universitas Majalengka, Majalengka. https://docplayer.info/230217454-Pengaruh-pendapatan-asli-desa-dan- alokasi-dana-desa-terhadap-belanja-desa-di-kab-majalengka.html",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 160,
"width": 97,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Di akses, Juni 2022",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 179,
"width": 403,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dewi, Ratna Sari, Ova Novi Irama, 2018. “Pengaruh Pendapatan Desa dan Alokasi Dana Desa Terhadap Belanja Desa dan Kemiskinan”. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Multi Paradigma (JRAM). Vol. 5 No. 2, September. Tahun 2018. ISSN 2339-0492. Universitas Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah. https://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/JRAM/issue/download/96/53",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 254,
"width": 111,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Di akses, Juni 2022",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 274,
"width": 400,
"height": 71,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ema Tietien Chrystiana. 2017. Pengaruh Penyajian Laporan Pertanggungjawaban dan Aksesibilitas Terhadap Transparansi dan Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD) di Desa Winoranggan, Kecamatan Gatak, Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Skripsi Akuntansi Syariah Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam Institut Agama Islam Negeri Surakarta.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 349,
"width": 350,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://eprints.iain- surakarta.ac.id/833/1/Skripsi%20Ema%20Full%20Rev%20Biro.pdf ,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 367,
"width": 151,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diakses pada 11 Oktober 2022",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 386,
"width": 405,
"height": 72,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fatmaningsih, Lusiana dan Pardi. 2021. “Analisis Belanja Desa Terhadap Pendapatan Alokasi Dana Desa Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi Kecamatan Gondangrejo, Kabupaten Karanganyar)”. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Pajak (JAP). Vol. 1 No. 22. Tahun 2021. ISSN 1412-629X. Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Surakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 462,
"width": 235,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/jap/article/view/2160",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 479,
"width": 400,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Di akses, Juni 2022 Formasi. 2017. Sumber Keuangan Desa . Artikel Internet Formasi Membangun Negara dan Desa. https://www.formasi.org/2017/05/09/sumber-keuangan- desa/ ,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 546,
"width": 151,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diakses pada 11 Oktober 2022",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 566,
"width": 400,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ghozali. Imam. 2018. Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program IBM SPSS 25. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro: Semarang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 600,
"width": 400,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H.A.W Widjaja. 2010. Otonomi Desa: Otonomi yang asli, bulat, dan utuh. Depok. Rajawali.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 633,
"width": 402,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hanif Nurcholis, 2011. Pertumbuhan dan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan desa. Jakarta : penerbit ERLANGGA",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 667,
"width": 409,
"height": 57,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hidayah, Nur Kholifatul, Drs, Supriadi, Msi, dan Toto Heru Dwihandoko. SE., MM., AK., CA. 2018. “Analisis Pendapatan Desa Terhadap Belanja Desa Pada Desa Sambilawang Periode 2015-2017”. Naskah Publikasi. Universitas Islam Majapahit, Mojokerto",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 728,
"width": 164,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://repository.unim.ac.id/id/eprint/358",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 745,
"width": 97,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Di akses, Juni 2022",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 137,
"top": 27,
"width": 295,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wanda Nur Fauziah, Fidyah Arini Kusuma Wardhani, Datuk Maralelo S",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 92,
"top": 783,
"width": 20,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "100",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 357,
"top": 783,
"width": 147,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 8 No.1, February 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 71,
"width": 401,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kartohadikusumo, Sutardjo. 1953. Desa. Bandung. Sumur Bandung Mamesa, DJ. (1995). Sistem Akuntansi Keuangan Daerah, Jakarta. PT Gramedia Pustaka.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 124,
"width": 401,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mamesah, D. J. 1995. Sistem Administrasi Keuangan Daerah, Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 158,
"width": 400,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Martani, Dwi, Dkk. 2016. Akuntansi Keuangan Menengah Berbasis PSAK. Buku",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 172,
"width": 134,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Jakarta. Salemba Empat.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 191,
"width": 403,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Moelong, Lexy J. 2012. Metodologi Penellitian Kualitatif, Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 225,
"width": 396,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia Nomor 37 Tahun 2007.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 245,
"width": 191,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pedoman Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 265,
"width": 400,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peraturan Mentri Dalam Negri No. 113 tahun 2014 tentang pengelolaan keuangan desa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 298,
"width": 401,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peraturan Mentri Dalam Negri Nomer 113 Tahun 2014 dalam Pasal 1 Ayat (9) Tentang pengelolaan keuangan desa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 332,
"width": 401,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peraturan Mentri Dalam Negri Nomer 113 Tahun 2014 dalam Pasal 1 Ayat (10)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 346,
"width": 183,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tentang pengelolaan keuangan desa.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 365,
"width": 401,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peraturan Mentri Dalam Negri Nomor 113 Tahun 2014 Pasal 9 Ayat (1) tentang Pendapatan Desa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 399,
"width": 400,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peraturan Mentri Dalam Negri Nomor 20 Tahun 2018 Tentang Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 433,
"width": 400,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 55 Tahun 2005. Dana Perimbangan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 466,
"width": 400,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 71 Tahun 2010. Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 500,
"width": 400,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonsesia Nomor 43 Tahun 2014. Peraturan Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Desa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 533,
"width": 400,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonsesia Nomor 47 Tahun 2015. Perubahan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 43 Tahun 2014.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 567,
"width": 343,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peraturan Pemerintah No. 72 Tahun 2005 tentang Pemerintahan Desa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 587,
"width": 404,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peraturan Pemerintah Nomer 24 Tahun 2005 Tentang Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan (SAP)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 620,
"width": 405,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peraturan Pemerintah Nomer 71 Tahun 2010 Tentang Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan (SAP) pada pernyataan Standart Akuntansi Pemerintahan Nomer 2 Tentang laporan realisasi anggaran.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 668,
"width": 405,
"height": 43,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peraturan Pemerintah Nomer 71 Tahun 2010 Tentang Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan (SAP) pada Pernyataan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah Nomor 3 Tentang Laporan Arus Kas.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 717,
"width": 401,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Prihartini Budi Astuti, 2013. Efektivitas dan Pengaruh PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan, Alokasi Dana Desa, Pendapatan Asli Desa, dan Jumlah Penduduk Teradap Jumlah Kepala Keluarga Miskin di Kabupaten",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 166,
"top": 27,
"width": 293,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Wanda Nur Fauziah, Fidyah Arini Kusuma Wardhani, Datuk Maralelo S",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 793,
"width": 150,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Volume 8 No.1, February 2023",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 462,
"top": 793,
"width": 18,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "101",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 71,
"width": 367,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kebumen Tahun 2009-2011. Jurnal STIE Putra Bangsa , http://journal.stieputrabangsa.ac.id/index.php/fokbis/article/view/1/1 ,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 98,
"width": 150,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diakses pada 11 Oktober 2022",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 118,
"width": 403,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "R. Bintarto. 1983. Desa-Kota dan Permasalahannya. Jakarta. Ghalian Indonesia Sudrajat, Ajat. (2014). Nilai-Nilai Budaya Gotong Royong Etnik Betawi Sebagai Sumber Pembelajaran IPS. Disertasi, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 185,
"width": 402,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sugiyono, 2015. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung. Alfabet",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 219,
"width": 402,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sugiyono. 2011. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung. Alfabet",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 253,
"width": 400,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sugiyono. 2016. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung. PT Alfabet.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 286,
"width": 402,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sugiyono. 2017. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung. Alfabeta, CV.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 320,
"width": 400,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sugiyono. 2018. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung. PT Alfabet",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 353,
"width": 403,
"height": 44,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suhairi. 2016. “Analisis Pendapatan Desa Terhadap Belanja Desa Pada Desa Kepayang Kecamatan Kepenuhan Hulu. Naskah Publikasi. Universitas Pasir Pengaraian Rokan Hulu.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 401,
"width": 363,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://www.neliti.com/id/publications/109538/analisis-pendapatan-desa-terhadap-belanja- desa-pada-desa-kepayang-kecamatan-kepe",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 430,
"width": 97,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Di akses, Juni 2022",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 450,
"width": 401,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumpeno. 2013. Perencanaan Desa Terpadu. Banda Aceh. Reinforcement Action and Development.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 483,
"width": 322,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Undang-Undang No. 6 Tahun 2014 Pasal 1 Ayat (1) tentang Desa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 503,
"width": 353,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yuliansyah, Rusmianto. 2016. Akuntansi Desa. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
b20c0ed2-c71c-10bc-6061-2c532a182162 | http://jurnal.ardenjaya.com/index.php/ajsh/article/download/395/364 | [
{
"left": 507,
"top": 16,
"width": 19,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "437",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 35,
"width": 256,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Arus Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora (AJSH)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 177,
"top": 73,
"width": 251,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Website: http://jurnal.ardenjaya.com/index.php/ajsh Email: [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 125,
"width": 449,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis Implementasi Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian (SIMPEG) untuk Mendukung e-Government pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 228,
"top": 187,
"width": 67,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "INFO PENULIS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 211,
"width": 218,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muhammad Syarif Muin Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Enam-Enam Kendari [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 258,
"width": 218,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abd. Azis Muthalib Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Enam-Enam Kendari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 77,
"top": 293,
"width": 222,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nofal Supriaddin Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Enam-Enam Kendari",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 187,
"width": 68,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "INFO ARTIKEL",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 303,
"top": 211,
"width": 191,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN: 2808-1307 Vol. 4, No. 2, Agustus 2024 http://jurnal.ardenjaya.com/index.php/ajsh",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 328,
"width": 205,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "© 2024 Arden Jaya Publisher All rights reserved",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 352,
"width": 123,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Saran Penulisan Referensi:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 364,
"width": 453,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Muin, M. S., Muthalib, A. A., & Supriaddin, N. (2023). Analisis Implementasi Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian (SIMPEG) untuk Mendukung e-Government pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Arus Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora, 4 (2), 437-452.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 279,
"top": 441,
"width": 39,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstrak",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 464,
"width": 381,
"height": 235,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengetahui implementasi aplikasi SIMPEG (Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian) dalam mendukung e-Government pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara dan Komitmen pimpinan dalam mewujudkan layanan pemerintahan berbasis elektronik (e- Government) khususnya aplikasi SIMPEG (Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian) dalam pengambilan keputusan pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ada dua yaitu sumber primer dan sumber sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan secara langsung di lokasi penelitian melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Data terhimpun dianalisis menggunakan metode induktif dan metode deduktif, dengan langkah-langkah reduksi data, sajian data, penarikan simpulan dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Implementasi aplikasi SIMPEG (Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian) dalam mendukung e-Government pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara didukung oleh komponen-komponen pendukung sistem yang terdiri dari sumber daya manusia, sumber daya perangkat lunak, sumber daya perangkat keras, dan sumber daya jaringan (2) Pimpinan pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara untuk mewujudkan layanan pemerintahan berbasis elektronik (e- Government) berkomitmen memanfaatkan data aplikasi SIMPEG dalam pengambilan keputusan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 710,
"width": 198,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata Kunci : Aplikasi, e-Government, SIMPEG",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 14,
"width": 23,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "438",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 408,
"top": 14,
"width": 121,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 384,
"width": 90,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A. Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 409,
"width": 454,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pelaksanaan pembangunan nasional membutuhkan sumber daya manusia yang handal dan profesional dalam pembangunan di segala bidang dan salah satunya di bidang pemerintahan. Pemerintahan merupakan suatu bentuk organisasi dan hanya berfungsi jika manusia yang menghimpun dirinya saling berinteraksi dengan baik dalam mewujudkan analisis jabatan dan analisis beban kerjanya di instansi pemerintah. Demikian pula dengan instansi pemerintahan hanya dapat mewujudkan visi dan misinya apabila didukung oleh Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) yang profesional.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 500,
"width": 454,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kedudukan dan peranan PNS sangat penting dan menentukan bagi perkembangan organisasi karena pegawai negeri adalah unsur aparatur negara, abdi negara sekaligus abdi masyarakat untuk menyelenggarakan pemerintahan dan pembangunan dalam rangka mencapai tujuan nasional. Organisasi harus selalu disesuaikan dengan perkembangan tugas pokok yang harus dilaksanakan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut. Karena tugas pokok selalu berkembang seiring kemajuan era. Perkembangan tugas pokok dapat mengakibatkan makin besarnya jumlah PNS yang diperlukan, dengan makin besarnya jumlah PNS maka diperlukan pula manajemen kepegawaian yang teratur dan terencana untuk kelancaran penyelenggaraan pemerintahan dan pelaksanaan pembangunan nasional terutama kesempurnaan kinerja PNS dalam melakukan optimalisasi pelayanan publik yang dilakukan oleh birokrasi pemerintah bukanlah pekerjaan mudah karena menyangkut berbagai aspek yang telah membudaya dalam lingkaran birokrasi pemerintahan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 654,
"width": 454,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam perkembangannya implementasi e-Government dikalangan pemerintahan menjadi sebuah trend diseluruh penyelenggaraan pemerintahan. Hampir keseluruhan jenis aplikasi yang dipergunakan pasti melibatkan pengolahan data menjadi informasi yang selanjutnya akan dipergunakan oleh pemerintah ataupun stakeholders dalam proses pengambilan keputusan. Didalam pemerintahan hampir setiap hari para birokrat di pemerintahan harus mengambil keputusan-keputusan penting yang menyangkut hajat hidup orang banyak dan keberlangsungan/ keberadaan pemerintahan yang bersangkutan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 745,
"width": 453,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Implementasi teknologi informasi dalam pengolahan data pegawai saat ini harus diupayakan semenjak keterdesakan akan kebutuhan informasi yang aktual dan akurat dalam pengambilan keputusan oleh pimpinan. Karena pentingnya pengelolaan data pegawai dalam subeuah organisai dalam pemerintahan, maka peningkatan kualitas pengelolaan kepegawaian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 278,
"top": 35,
"width": 41,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 59,
"width": 379,
"height": 223,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This research aims to determine the implementation of the SIMPEG (Personnel Management Information System) application in supporting e-Government at the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of Southeast Sulawesi Province and the leadership's commitment to realizing electronic-based government services (e- Government), especially the SIMPEG (Personnel Management Information System) application. ) in decision making at the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of Southeast Sulawesi Province. This type of research is qualitative research. There are two data sources used in this research, namely primary sources and secondary sources. Data collection techniques were carried out directly at the research location through observation, interviews and documentation. The collected data was analyzed using inductive methods and deductive methods, with steps for data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions and verification. The results show that: (1) The implementation of the SIMPEG (Personnel Management Information System) application in supporting e-Government at the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of Southeast Sulawesi Province is supported by system support components consisting of human resources, software resources, hardware resources and network resources (2) Leadership at the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of Southeast Sulawesi Province to realize electronic-based government services (e-Government) is committed to utilizing SIMPEG application data in decision making",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 109,
"top": 293,
"width": 208,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords : Application, e-Government, SIMPEG",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 14,
"width": 121,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 14,
"width": 21,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "439",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 453,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "melalui aplikasi Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian (SIMPEG) merupakan salah satu prioritas dalam tahapan pengembangan pemerintahan yang e-Government .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 61,
"width": 454,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan beberapa uraian di atas, PNS perlu diatur secara menyeluruh dengan menerapkan pengaturan sistem manajemen kepegawaian yang standar dan seragam, hal tersebut memerlukan dukungan aplikasi yang memadai. Dengan adanya aplikasi SIMPEG yang mampu menyediakan data dan informasi yang mudah dan cepat yang berhubungan dengan kepegawaian serta terciptanya kesesuaian antara arus informasi dengan sistem pengolahan data yang diterapkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 139,
"width": 454,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aplikasi SIMPEG memiliki peran penting dalam memberikan layanan kepada seluruh kalangan yang ada karena pegawai merupakan aset penting dalam penyelenggaraan organisasi yang perlu dikelola dengan baik. Pengelolaan pegawai yang baik dalam lingkup kecil akan meningkatkan kinerja pegawai dalam lingkup yang lebih besar dan akan membawa perbaikan kinerja pemerintah secara keseluruhan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 203,
"width": 456,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Secara spesifik tujuan dari pengembangan aplikasi SIMPEG adalah untuk mendukung integritas data, kemudahan pengaksesan, dan kemudahan pengelolaan sehingga dapat mendukung kelancaran pelaksanaan dan fungsi dalam bidang administrasi kepegawaian yang efektif dan efisien. Dengan adanya aplikasi SIMPEG diharapkan kecepatan dan ketepatan pelayanan dapat ditingkatkan. Kebanyakan sistem pengolahan aplikasi pada mulanya mengikuti rancangan sistem pengolahan manual dimana setiap penerapan diolah secara terpisah dengan memakai file terpisah pula. Metode ini mempunyai efisiensi pengolahan dan pengendalian, tetapi hal ini menjurus kepada duplikasi file dan mencerai beraikannya, sebagian mempunyai data yang sama tetapi dengan data yang sering tidak serasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 319,
"width": 454,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sistem informasi terpadu yang berdasarkan pada asumsi bahwa harus ada integrasi antara data dalam pengolahan data. Perpaduan data yang dicapai dalam database merupakan sekumpulan file yang saling berkaitan yang membentuk suatu bangunan data minimal terdiri dari satu file yang cukup untuk diolah dalam aplikasi dengan sedemikian rupa dalam sistem pengolahan informasi data. Manajemen sebuah database adalah sebuah sistem perangkat lunak aplikasi yang disebut sebagai sebuah sistem management database . Rancangan pada SIMPEG adalah berupa sistem pengolahan data dengan sebuah aplikasi pusat besar yang disebut server dan menggunakan jaringan komputer yang dihubungkan dengan beberapa aplikasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 422,
"width": 453,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara sebagai salah satu bagian dari instansi vertikal yang mengurusi pengelolaan tentang kepegawaian yang saat ini mulai menerapkan sistem aplikasi dan teknologi informasi dalam pengelolaan data pegawai meskipun belum sepenuhnya. Salah satu sistem yang mampu memberikan informasi yang akurat, cepat, tepat waktu, lengkap, dan relevan saat ini adalah SIMPEG.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 487,
"width": 454,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aplikasi SIMPEG berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Agama Nomor 344 Tahun 2016 tentang Pedoman Pengelolaan Data dan Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian pada Kementerian Agama, dan Surat Edaran Sekretariat Jenderal Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia Nomor B-1635/SJ/B.II.1/Kp.01.2/ 02/2018 tentang Peningkatan Pengelolaan Data PNS melalui SIMPEG Kementerian Agama, menyebutkan bahwa SIMPEG adalah sistem informasi terpadu yang terdiri atas perangkat lunak, perangkat penyimpanan meliputi pusat data dan bank data serta perangkat komunikasi yang saling berkaitan dan saling menentukan dalam rangka penyediaan informasi di bidang kepegawaian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 590,
"width": 454,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara sebagai salah satu bagian dari instansi vertikal yang mengurusi pengelolaan tentang kepegawaian yang saat ini mulai menerapkan sistem aplikasi dan teknologi informasi dalam pengelolaan data pegawai meskipun belum sepenuhnya. Salah satu sistem yang mampu memberikan informasi yang akurat, cepat, tepat waktu, lengkap, dan relevan saat ini adalah SIMPEG.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 654,
"width": 454,
"height": 156,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Untuk meningkatkan kualitas pengelolaan kepegawaian dan mendukung penerapan e- Government dalam pelayanan kepegawaian secara transparan dan objektif, sistem ini selain menyajikan informasi yang terkait dengan data kepegawaian, juga dikhususkan untuk meningkatkan pelayanan di bidang mutasi dan promosi pegawai serta menyelesaikan permasalahan data pegawai yang ada di instansi tersebut. Permasalahan yang ada diantaranya adalah PNS yang status kepegawaiannya tidak jelas, hal ini menggambarkan buruknya administrasi kepegawaian yang ada, PNS yang sudah pensiun, pindah instansi, meninggal atau berhenti data kepegawaiannya tidak diperbaharui. Beberapa Dokumen PNS tidak up to date , sehingga jumlah PNS tidak diketahui secara akurat, dan banyaknya data yang ada saling berbeda, pemutakhiran data tidak berjalan sebagaimana mestinya. Hal yang terjadi lebih dominan menggunakan pengelolaan data kepegawaian mulai dari kenaikan pangkat, mutasi, rotasi dan promosi pegawai, daftar riwayat hidup pegawai, penyusunan daftar urut",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 14,
"width": 23,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "440",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 408,
"top": 14,
"width": 121,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 453,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kepangkatan, kenaikan gaji berkala, pensiunan pegawai, masih bersifat manual atau masih menggunakan desktop yang terpisah-pisah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 61,
"width": 454,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Di sisi lain pegawai yang ada di Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara masih belum merata dalam hal pengetahuan dan keterampilan dibidang teknologi informasi, dimana masih banyak ditemukan pegawai yang tidak lancar atau bahkan sama sekali tidak bisa menggunakan komputer dalam bekerja kesehariannya sebagai PNS. olehnya dengan diterapkannya Aplikasi SIMPEG diharapkan pegawai yang ada dapat memacu diri untuk terus berkembang mengikuti perubahan era yang semakin laju dalam hal pembaharuan di bidang revolusi industri yang kini dikenal dengan era revolusi industri 4.0 yang merupakan rangkaian yang sangat erat dalam hubungannya dengan aplikasi SIMPEG untuk mewujudkan pemerintahan berbasis elektonik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 190,
"width": 75,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B. Metodologi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 216,
"width": 454,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian diskriptif kualitatif dengan alasan bahwa dalam penelitian ini berupaya menggali data, yaitu data berupa pandangan responden dalam bentuk cerita rinci atau asli.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 255,
"width": 117,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1.Jenis dan Sumber Data",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 268,
"width": 415,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi data primer dan data sekunder. 2. Teknik Pengumpulan Data",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 293,
"width": 454,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data penilitain berupa data Primer dan Sekunder dikumpulkan dengan cara, Data primer diperoleh secara langsung dari subjek penelitian atau informan melalui penelitian lapangan dengan melakukan wawancara sehubungan dengan Implementasi Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian (SIMPEG) untuk Mendukung e-Government pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Sedangkan data sekunder dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari studi dokumentasi pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 397,
"width": 135,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "C. Hasil dan Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 422,
"width": 215,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Konsep Tentang Manajemen Kepegawaian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 435,
"width": 454,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Manajemen kepegawaian lazim disebut personnel management atau tata personil. Walaupun istilah-istilah tersebut nampaknya berbeda-beda namun pengertiannya sama. Manajemen Kepegawaian bertugas untuk melaksanakan kegiatan yang secara garis besarnya telah ditentukan oleh top leader dengan menitik beratkan pada usaha mendapatkan tenaga kerja yang cakap dan mampu bekerja menurut kebutuhan organisasi, menggerakkan mereka untuk tercapainya tujuan organisasi, memelihara dan mengembangkan kecakapan serta kemampuan individu pegawai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 525,
"width": 454,
"height": 168,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut A. W. Widjaja (2006) personnel management merupakan suatu cabang ilmu dimanajemen yang khusus menitik beratkan pada soal-soal kepegawaian. sedangkan menurut Heidjrachman dan Suad Husnan (2002) dalam bukunya memaknai manajemen personalia merupakan suatu perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengarahan dan pengawasan yang bersumber dari suatu pengadaan, pengembangan, pemberian kompensasi, pengintegrasian dan pemeliharaan tenaga kerja dengan target dapat membantu memajukan tujuan perusahaan, perorangan dan masyarakat. Dari uraian tersebut dikenal dengan istilah POAC, yang merupakan singkatan dari planning, organizing, actuating, dan controlling (Richardus Eko Indrajit 2014:47). Berdasarkan paparan tentang manajemen kepegawaian diatas, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa manajemen itu adalah suatu usaha dan rangkaian proses dalam mengelola sejumlah sumber daya demi tercapainya tujuan. sedangkan pegawai merupakan salah satu sumber daya utama dalam perusahaan, karena pegawai merupakan faktor penentu pencapaian tujuan perusahaan melalui kinerja pegawai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 706,
"width": 133,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengertian E-Government",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 719,
"width": 454,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Wyld (2004) dalam Akadun (2009), e-Government merupakan pemrosesan secara elektronik yang digunakan pemerintah untuk mengkomunikasikan, menyebarkan atau mengumpulkan informasi sebagai fasilitas transaksi dan perizinan untuk suatu tujuan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 758,
"width": 453,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E-Government merupakan suatu implementasi penggunaan teknologi informasi di suatu organisasi baik pemerintahan maupun swasta dengan tujunan untuk memberikan informasi dan pelayanan bagi masyarakat, dan hal yang berhubungan dengan organisasi tersebut. Penerapan e-Government umunnya terdapat pada birokrasi seperti legislatif, yudikatif, ataupun",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 14,
"width": 121,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 14,
"width": 21,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "441",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 454,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kantor pelayanan masyarakat dengan tujuan meningkatkan efisiensi internal dalam menyampaikan pelayanan publik, atau proses administrasi kepemerintahan yang demokratis. Oleh karena itu e-Government merupakan penerapan penggunaan teknologi informasi dalam suatu organisasi pemerintahan ataupun swasta yang dapat meningkatkan hubungan antara pemerintah dan pihak lain yang berkepentingan di dalamnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 100,
"width": 454,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Karakteristik e-Government diantaranya interaksi antara pemerintah dengan berbagai pihak yang berkepentingan seperti masyarakat luas dan unit kerja di lingkungan pemerintah lainnya. Menggunakan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi mempermudah dan praktis dalam pelayanan pemerintah terhadap berbagai pihak yang berkepentingan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 164,
"width": 270,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian (SIMPEG)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 177,
"width": 454,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SIMPEG merupakan suatu sistem yang menyajikan data dalam penerapan e-Government pada instansi pemerintah khususnya yang menyangkut tentang pengelolaan kepegawaian yang dilaksanakan dengan perangkat aplikasi online, alat tersebut sebagai penyedia informasi bagi aparatur maupun masyarakat yang memerlukan informasi kepegawaian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 229,
"width": 453,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut David Kroenke (1994) sistem informasi merupakan the development and use of effective information systems in organization. Sedangkan menurut George M.Scott (1995) Sistem Informasi Manajemen adalah sejumlah rangkaian dari sistem informasi menyeluruh yang terkoordinasi secara rasional terpadu dan mampu mentranformasikan data sehingga menjadi informasi melalui berbagai metode dalam meningkatkan produktifitas yang sesuai dengan model atas dasar kriteria mutu yang telah ditetapkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 306,
"width": 454,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uraian tersebut menerangkan bahwa SIMPEG merupakan suatu totalitas yang terpadu yang terdiri atas perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak, sebagai penyimpanan pusat data dan bank data serta perangkat komunikasi yang saling berkaitan, bergantung dan saling menentukan dalam rangka penyediaan informasi di bidang kepegawaian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 358,
"width": 454,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tugas pokok Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara pada Fungsi Kepegawaian Bagian Tata Usaha adalah melaksanakan tugas penyusunan rencana kebutuhan dan penataan pegawai, pengelolaan data dan administrasi kepegawaian, fasilitasi asesmen dan pengembangan pegawai, dan informasi kepegawaian sebagaimana di amanatkan dalam Peraturan Menteri Agama RI Nomor 6 Tahun 2022 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Menteri Agama tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Instansi Vertikal Kementerian Agama.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 435,
"width": 454,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan kepegawaian dalam organisasi pemerintahan perlu adanya tunjangan data dan statistik pegawai olehnya itu diperlukan perencanaan, implementasi, pemantauan, dan evaluasi penyelenggaraan kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan kepegawaian sehingga muncul gagasan untuk membuatnya dalam sebuah sistem aplikasi. Aplikasi SIMPEG mulai diterapkan pada tahun 2009 dengan sistem web base dimana basis datanya tersentralisasi, aplikasi ini adalah produk dari Biro Kepegawaian Kementerian Agama RI yang merupakan program otonomi karena daerah lingkup dari pekerjanya secara nasional yang tidak mungkin untuk mengolah data dengan maksimal menggunakan exel yang tidak menjamin kecepatan dan akurasi data jika dibutuhkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 551,
"width": 453,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sistem Informasi Manajemen saat ini berkembang seiring perkembangan penggunaan teknologi informasi. Perkembangan teknologi dengan sistem komputerisasi saat ini telah memberikan kesadaran baru bahwa aplikasi online harus diterapkan untuk tujuan menghasilkan informasi dalam pengambilan keputusan manajemen (Aji Supriyanto 2005:238).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 603,
"width": 454,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SIMPEG merupakan suatu sistem yang menyajikan data dalam penerapan e-Government pada instansi pemerintah khususnya yang menyangkut tentang pengelolaan kepegawaian yang dilaksanakan dengan perangkat aplikasi online, alat tersebut sebagai penyedia informasi bagi aparatur maupun masyarakat yang memerlukan informasi kepegawaian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 654,
"width": 454,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut David Kroenke (1994) sistem informasi merupakan the development and use of effective information systems in organization. Sedangkan menurut George M.Scott (1995) Sistem Informasi Manajemen adalah sejumlah rangkaian dari sistem informasi menyeluruh yang terkoordinasi secara rasional terpadu dan mampu mentranformasikan data sehingga menjadi informasi melalui berbagai metode dalam meningkatkan produktifitas yang sesuai dengan model atas dasar kriteria mutu yang telah ditetapkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 732,
"width": 454,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uraian tersebut menerangkan bahwa SIMPEG merupakan suatu totalitas yang terpadu yang terdiri atas perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak, sebagai penyimpanan pusat data dan bank data serta perangkat komunikasi yang saling berkaitan, bergantung dan saling menentukan dalam rangka penyediaan informasi di bidang kepegawaian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 784,
"width": 453,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam hal ini, pemahaman tentang istilah SIMPEG akan diperoleh dengan cukup baik apabila seseorang mampu memahami tentang sistem, informasi, dan manajemen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 14,
"width": 23,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "442",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 408,
"top": 14,
"width": 121,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 43,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 . Sistem",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 48,
"width": 456,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sistem dalam kamus besar Bahasa Indonesia merupakan perangkat unsur yang secara teratur saling berkaitan sehingga membentuk suatu totalitas (https://kbbi.web.id/sistem, di akses tanggal 17 November 2023). Lucas dalam bukunya Wahyudi Komorotomo dan Subando Agus Margono (2004) mengatakan, secara sederhana suatu sistem dapat diartikan sebagai suatu kumpulan atau himpunan dari unsur, komponen, atau variabel-variabel yang terorganisasi, saling berinteraksi, saling tergantung satu sama lain dan terpadu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 126,
"width": 454,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengertian sistem menurut Gordon B. Davis (1997) yang diterjemahkan Andreas S. Adiwardana adalah sebuah sistem terdiri dari bagian-bagian yang saling berkaitan yang beroperasi bersama untuk mencapai beberapa sasaran atau maksud. Berarti sebuah sistem itu bukan seperangkat unsur yang terdiri dari beberapa susunan yang acak, melainkan terdiri dari unsur yang saling keterkaitan karena adanya satu tujuan, maksud, dan sasaran yang sama.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 190,
"width": 454,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendapat lain dalam buku, Edhy Sutanta (2003) mengatakan, Secara umum, sistem dapat didefinisikan sebagai sekumpulan hal atau kegiatan atau elemen atau subsistem yang saling bekerja sama atau yang dihubungkan dengan cara cara tertentu sehingga membentuk satu kesatuan untuk melaksanakan suatu fungsi guna mencapai suatu tujuan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 242,
"width": 453,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam bukunya Edhy Sutanta (2003) menyatakan suatu sistem mempunyai karakteristik sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 268,
"width": 453,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a) Mempunyai komponen (components) sistem yaitu segala sesuatu yang menjadi bagian penyusun sistem.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 293,
"width": 454,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b) Mempunyai batas (boundary) dimana sistem diperlukan untuk membedakan satu sistem dengan sistem yang lain.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 319,
"width": 425,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c) Mempunyai lingkungan (environment) yaitu segala sesuatu yang berada di luar sistem.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 332,
"width": 453,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "d) Mempunyai penghubung/antar muka (interface) yaitu segala sesuatu yang bertugas menjembatani dan menghubungkan hubungan antar komponen dalam sistem.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 358,
"width": 453,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e) Mempunyai masukan (input) yaitu diaman segala sesuatu yang perlu di inpu dalam sistem sebagai bahan baku yang akan diproses lebih lanjut untuk menhasilkan keluaran yang berguna.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 397,
"width": 454,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "f) Mempunyai pengolahan (processing) Pengolah merupakan komponen sistem yang mempunyai peran utama mengolah masukan agar menghasilkan keluaran yang berguna bagi para pemakainya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 435,
"width": 453,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "g) Mempunyai keluaran (output) Keluaran merupakan komponen sistem yang berupa berbagai macam bentuk keluaran yang dihasilkan oleh komponen pengolahan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 461,
"width": 453,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "h) Mempunyai tujuan (objectives) yaitu dimana setiap komponen dalam sistem perlu dijaga dan saling bekerjasama dengan harapan supaya mampu mencapai sasaran serta tujuan sistem dimaksud.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 500,
"width": 454,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "i) Mempunyai kendali (control) Setiap komponen dalam sistem perlu selalu dijaga agar tetap bekerja sesuai dengan peran dan fungsinya masing-masing.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 525,
"width": 454,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "j) Mempunyai umpan balik (feed back) Umpan balik diperlukan oleh bagian kendali (control) sistem untuk mengecek terjadinya penyimpangan proses dalam sistem dan mengembalikannya ke dalam kondisi normal.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 564,
"width": 453,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Rochaety E (2007) Model umum suatu sistem adalah terdiri atas masukan (input), pengolah (process), dan keluaran (output)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 603,
"width": 59,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Informasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 616,
"width": 454,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berbicara tentang informasi tidak terlepas dengan istilah data, hendaknya perlu dibedakan pengertian antara data dan informasi. Edhy Sutanta (2003) menyatakan bahwa sebuah data dapat diartikan sebagai bahan keterangan atau pelengkap dari kejadian dan fakta dan dirumuskan dalam sekelompok lambang tertentu yang tidak acak yang menunjukkan jumlah, tindakan, atau hal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 680,
"width": 454,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Raymond McLeod, Jr & George P. Schell (2009) yang diterjemahkan oleh Ali Akbar Y dan Afia R. F, data terdiri atas fakta dan angka yang biasanya tidak bermanfaat karena volumenya yang besar dan sifatnya yang masih belum diolah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 719,
"width": 454,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam definisi lain menyebutkan, data dapat didefinisikan sebagai fakta tercatat tentang sesuatu obyek (Eko Nugroho 2008:13). Data dapat dikategorikan sebagai catatan dalam kertas, buku, atau tersimpan sebagai file dalam basis data. Data akan menjadi bahan dalam suatu proses pengolahan data. Oleh karena itu, suatu data belum dapat berbicara banyak sebelum diolah lebih lanjut. misalkan catatan identitas pegawai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 14,
"width": 121,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 14,
"width": 21,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "443",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 453,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Eko Nugroho (2008) menyebutkan, Informasi adalah suatu pengetahuan yang berguna untuk pengambilan keputusan. Jadi segala sesuatu yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai dasar pengambilan keputusan pada dasarnya dapat dikelompokkan sebagai informasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 87,
"width": 68,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Manajemen",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 100,
"width": 454,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengertian manajemen menurut Wahyudi Komorotomo dan Subando Agus Margono (2004) yaitu Proses atau kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh seorang pimpinan atau manajer di dalam organisasi untuk mencapai tujuan bersama. Manajemen memang bisa berarti seperti itu, tetapi bisa juga mempunyai pengertian lebih dari pada itu, namun dalam pelaksanaan tidak ditemukan definisi yang digunakan secara paten dan konsisten.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 164,
"width": 453,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam bukunya, Edhy Sutanta (2003) memaparkan, Manajemen dapat diartikan sebagai proses memanfaatkan berbagai sumber daya yang tersedia untuk mencapai suatu tujuan. Manajemen juga dapat diterjemahkan sebagai suatu sistem kekuasaan disebuah organisasi agar orang lain melaksanakan pekerjaan yang diperintahkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 216,
"width": 454,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Handoko (2018) juga berpendapat bahwa manajemen merupakan sebuah proses perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengarahan, dan pengawasan usaha dari para anggota guna penggunaan sumber daya untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi yang telah ditentukan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 255,
"width": 454,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Griffin (2013) Manajemen adalah seperangkat kegiatan (termasuk perencanaan dan pengambilan keputusan, pengorganisasian, memimpin, dan mengendalikan) diarahkan pada sumber daya organisasi (manusia, keuangan, fisik, dan informasi), dengan tujuan untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi dengan cara yang efisien dan efektif.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 306,
"width": 454,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan uraian para pakar diatas bahwa prinsip dasarnya manajemen merupakan kerjasama dengan berbagai pihak dalam suatu organisasi untuk menentukan, menerjemahkan dan mencapai tujuan organisasi dalam pelaksanaan fungsi perencanaan (planning), pengorganisasian (organizing), pengarahan (actuating), dan pengawasan (controlling).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 371,
"width": 180,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sistem Informasi Manajemen (SIM)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 384,
"width": 456,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Lucas dalam Wahyudi Komorotomo dan Subando Agus Margono (2004), mengatakan bahwa SIM adalah sekumpulan prosedur organisasi yang pada saat dilaksanakan akan memberikan informasi bagi keputusan dan/atau untuk mengendalikan organisasi. Menurut Raymond McLeod, Jr.& George P. Schell (2009) yang diterjemahkan oleh Ali Akbar Y dan Afia R. F, Sistem informasi manajemen didefinisikan sebagai suatu sistem berbasis komputer yang membuat informasi tersedia bagi para pengguna yang memiliki kebutuhan serupa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 474,
"width": 454,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Edhy Sutanta (2003) dalam bukunya menjelaskan bahwa SIM merupakan: “kumpulan subsistem yang saling berhubungan, menyatu dan membentuk satu kesatuan, saling berinteraksi dan bekerjasama antara bagian satu dengan yang lainnya dengan cara-cara tertentu untuk melakukan fungsi pengolahan data, menerima masukan berupa data, kemudian mengolahnya, dan menghasilkan keluaran berupa informasi sebagai dasar bagi pengambilan keputusan yang berguna dan mempunyai nilai nyata yang dapat dinikmati baik pada saat itu juga maupun di masa mendatang, mendukung kegiatan operasional, manajerial, dan strategis organisasi, dengan memanfaatkan berbagai sumber daya yang ada dan tersedia bagi fungsi tersebut guna mencapai tujuan”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 590,
"width": 456,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan beberapa definisi tentang SIM maka dapat dikatakan bahwa SIM merupakan keseluruhan dari berbagai sistem yang mampu menyelenggarakan suatu kebutuhan informasi yang handal kepada pihak organisasi dalam rangka untuk pengambilan keputusan ataupun sebagai landasan mencapai tujuan dari organisasi tersebut. Dalam SIM pengolahan data menjadi informasi sesuai dengan keperluan manajemen merupakan suatu proses kegiatan stake holder baik di kalangan instansi pemerintah ataupun swasta yang dimulai dari manajemen dasar (first management), manajemen tingkat sedang (middle management), manajemen puncak (top management).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 706,
"width": 128,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Konsep Sistem Informasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 719,
"width": 454,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sistem informasi dalam suatu pemahaman yang sederhana dapat didefinisikan sebagai satu sistem berbasis komputer yang menyediakan informasi bagi beberapa pemakai dengan kebutuhan yang serupa. Para pemakai biasanya tergabung dalam suatu entitas organisasi formal, seperti Departemen atau Lembaga suatu Instansi Pemerintahan yang dapat dijabarkan menjadi Direktorat, Bidang, Bagian sampai pada unit terkecil dibawahnya. Informasi menjelaskan mengenai organisasi atau salah satu sistem utamanya mengenai apa yang telah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 14,
"width": 23,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "444",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 408,
"top": 14,
"width": 121,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 453,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "terjadi di masa lalu, apa yang sedang terjadi sekarang dan apa yang mungkin akan terjadi dimasa yang akan datang tentang organisasi tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 61,
"width": 454,
"height": 155,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sistem informasi memuat berbagai informasi penting mengenai orang, tempat, dan segala sesuatu yang ada di dalam atau di lingkungan sekitar organisasi. Informasi sendiri mengandung suatu arti yaitu data yang telah diolah ke dalam suatu bentuk yang lebih memiliki arti dan dapat digunakan untuk pengambilan keputusan. Data sendiri merupakan fakta-fakta yang mewakili suatu keadaan, kondisi, atau peristiwa yang terjadi atau ada di dalam atau di lingkungan fisik organisasi. Data tidak dapat langsung digunakan untuk pengambilan keputusan, melainkan harus lebih dahulu agar dapat dipahami, lalu dimanfaatkan dalam pengambilan keputusan. Informasi harus dikelola dengan baik dan memadai agar memberikan manfaat yang maksimal. Penerapan sistem informasi di dalam suatu organisasi dimaksudkan untuk memberikan dukungan informasi yang dibutuhkan, khususnya oleh para pengguna informasi dari berbagai tingkatan manajemen. Sistem informasi yang digunakan oleh para pengguna dari berbagai tingkatan manajemen ini biasa disebut sebagai Sistem Informasi Manajemen.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 216,
"width": 454,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sistem informasi mengandung tiga aktivitas dasar di dalamnya, yaitu: aktivitas masukan (input), pemrosesan (processing), dan keluaran (output). Tiga aktivitas dasar ini menghasilkan informasi yang dibutuhkan organisasi untuk pengambilan keputusan, pengendalian operasi, analisis permasalahan, dan menciptakan produk atau jasa baru.Masukan berperan di dalam pengumpulan bahan mentah (raw data), baik yang diperoleh dari dalam maupun dari lingkungan sekitar organisasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 293,
"width": 454,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemrosesan berperan untuk mengkonversi bahan mentah menjadi bentuk yang lebih memiliki arti. Sedangkan, keluaran dimaksudkan untuk mentransfer informasi yang diproses kepada pihak-pihak atau aktivitas-aktivitas yang akan menggunakan. Sistem informasi juga membutuhkan umpan balik (feedback), yaitu untuk dasar evaluasi dan perbaikan di tahap input berikutnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 358,
"width": 454,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dewasa ini, sistem informasi yang digunakan lebih berfokus pada sistem informasi berbasis komputer (computer-based information system). Harapan yang ingin diperoleh di sini adalah bahwa dengan penggunaan teknologi informasi atau sistem informasi berbasis komputer, informasi yang dihasilkan dapat lebih akurat, berkualitas, dan tepat waktu, sehingga pengambilan keputusan dapat lebih efektif dan efisien.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 422,
"width": 454,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Meskipun sistem informasi berbasis komputer menggunakan teknologi komputer untuk memproses data menjadi informasi yang memiliki arti, ada perbedaan yang cukup tajam antara komputer dan program komputer di satu sisi dengan sistem informasi di sisi lainnya. Komputer dan perangkat lunak komputer yang tersedia merupakan fondasi teknis, alat, dan material dari sistem informasi modern. Komputer dapat dipakai sebagai alat untuk menyimpan dan memproses informasi. Program komputer atau perangkat lunak komputer merupakan seperangkat instruksi operasi yang mengarahkan dan mengendalikan pemrosesan informasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 525,
"width": 158,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Implementasi Aplikasi SIMPEG",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 538,
"width": 454,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SIMPEG merupakan sistem aplikasi multi user, artinya aplikasi ini dapat digunakan secara bersamaan dengan banyak pengguna (user). Untuk itu diperlukan jaringan internet dan komputer yang didukung oleh perangkat lunak (software) dan perangkat keras (hardware) agar sistem dapat berjalan sempurna.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 590,
"width": 454,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Moekijat (1991) penerapan sistem informasi manajemen kepegawaian dimaksudkan untuk: (1) mendukung kelancaran tugas pokok dan fungsi kepegawaian, (2) Terciptanya sistem informasi yang terpadu, berdayaguna dan berhasil guna. (3) Menentukan arah kebijaksanaan tentang mekanisme koordinasi, komunikasi aliran data dan informasi melalui teknologi informasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 654,
"width": 219,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a) Tujuan Implementasi Aplikasi SIMPEG",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 667,
"width": 454,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penerapan aplikasi SIMPEG merupakan wujud suatu sistem informasi yang berintegrasi dalam suatu jaringan internet yang mampu menghasilkan informasi yang bermutu untuk menunjang pengambilan keputusan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 706,
"width": 454,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Agusniar Rizka Luthfia (2009) secara umum aplikasi SIMPEG dalam organisasi pemerintahan dilaksanakan dengan tujuan: (1) mendukung pemanfaatan aplikasi SIMPEG itu sendiri secara rasional serta pengembangan sumber daya manusia aparatur pemerintah, (2) terciptanya data pegawai yang up to date serta terintegrasi, (3) tersedianya informasi pegawai yang akurat untuk keperluan perencanaan pengembangan, kesejateraan, dan pegendalian pegawai, (4) membantu kelancaraan pekerjaan dibidang kepegawaian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 14,
"width": 121,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 14,
"width": 21,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "445",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 13,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 108,
"top": 35,
"width": 121,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Manfaat Aplikasi SIMPEG",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 48,
"width": 454,
"height": 129,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pelaksanaan aplikasi SIMPEG tidak hanya terbatas pada pengoperasian program untuk memasukkan data tetapi harus didukung dengan daya kerja yang efisien dan akurat sehingga memiliki manfaat untuk: (1) proses pencarian informasi data pegawai akan mudah dan cepat, (2) pembuatan laporan yang bersifat rutin dan berkala akan cepat dan mudah dikerjakan, (3) mengetahui gambaran tentang nama-nama pegawai yang akan pensiun dimasa mendatang, (4) mengetahui gambaran tentang nama-nama pegawai yang akan naik pangkat dan mengetahui daftar Kenaikan Gaji Berkala (KGB) dimasa mendatang, (4) memudahkan suatu pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan kepegawaian, (5) mendapatkan informasi tentang keadaan pegawai dengan cepat dan akurat, (6) mengetahui dan merencanakan penyebaran pegawai, (7) merencanakan penerimaan pegawai baru (KMA Nomor 344 Tahun 2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 177,
"width": 289,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c) Komponen Sistem Infromasi Manajemen Kepegawian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 190,
"width": 454,
"height": 142,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Komponen-komponen SIMPEG menurut Keputusan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 17 Tahun 2000 meliputi: (1) perangkat keras (hardware) dalam sistem informasi manajemen kepegawaian meliputi piranti-piranti yang digunakan oleh sistem komputer untuk masukan dan keluaran (input/output device), memory, modem, pengolah (processing), dan peripheral lain, (2) perangkat lunak (software) berupa program-program komputer yang meliputi sistem operasi, bahasa pemrograman, dan program-program aplikasi. (3) sumber daya manusia adalah yang terlibat dalam suatu sistem informasi manajemen kepegawaian meliputi operator, programmer, system analyst, serta individu lain yang terlibat di dalamnya, (4) basis data (database) adalah sekumpulan file yang saling terkait dan membentuk suatu bangun data, (5) jaringan komputer adalah suatu jaringan yang menghubungkan antar komputer agar dapat saling berkomunikasi/ bertukar informasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 332,
"width": 307,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "d) Konsep Dasar Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 345,
"width": 454,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Konsep dasar sistem informasi manajemen kepegawaian sama dengan konsep sistem informasi manajemen pada umumnya, yaitu terdiri dari:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 371,
"width": 119,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Masukan (input)",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 384,
"width": 454,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Data-data yang perlu di-input dalam SIMPEG antara lain: “Alamat, daftar riwayat hidup, riwayat, pekerjaan, tanda jasa, pengalaman, keluarga, organisasi, penelitian, indisplin, kenaikan gaji berkala, sasaran kinerja pegawai” (Biro Kepegawaian Kementerian Agama RI, Panduan Penggunaan Sistem Aplikasi Simpeg).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 435,
"width": 141,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Proses (transformasi)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 448,
"width": 454,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengolahan data-data yang telah di input sehingga menghasilkan informasi sesuai dengan kebutuhan masing-masing pengguna.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 474,
"width": 123,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Keluaran (output)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 487,
"width": 454,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Informasi yang dihasilkan dalam SIMPEG diantaranya: “Daftar Urut Kepangkatan, Daftar Susunan Kepangkatan, Daftar Kekuatan Pegawaian, Daftar Kenaikan Pangkat Struktural, Daftar Kenaikan Gaji Berkala, Rencana Kenaikan Pangkat, Pendidikan yang telah diikuti, Historis Karir, Laporan Statistik Pegawai, Surat Keputusan” (Biro Kepegawaian Kementerian Agama RI, Panduan Penggunaan Sistem Aplikasi Simpeg).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 551,
"width": 309,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Karakteristik Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 564,
"width": 454,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam Peraturan Kepala BKN nomor 20 tahun 2008 disebutkan bahwa SIMPEG memiliki karakteristik sebagai berikut: “(1) sistem yang terkoneksi online antara BKN Pusat, regional dan instansi dengan menggunakan jaringan komunikasi data, (2) menggunakan satu basis data PNS yang digunakan secara bersama, (3) menggunakan struktur data dan tabel referensi yang sama sesuai dengan standar yang baku yang disusun BKN Pusat, (4) sistem yang dibangun dapat dikembangkan sesuai dengan kebutuhan instansi pengguna”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 642,
"width": 454,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sistem informasi manajemen kepegawaian merupakan manajemen kepegawaian yang dikembangkan sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan dirancang sedemikian rupa sehingga mampu menjadi komputerisasi dan modernisasi data pegawai dalam mengelola dan mengorganisasikan data-data pegawai guna optimalisasi manajemen administrasi secara professional",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 706,
"width": 184,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keamanan Informasi dalam SIMPEG",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 719,
"width": 454,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Instansi pemerintah memiliki kebutuhan untuk menjaga agar sumber daya informasi yang dimiliki tetap aman dan tidak dapat diretas oleh orang-orang yang tidak bertanggungjawab. Keamanan informasi ditujukan untuk mendapatkan kerahasiaan, ketersediaan, keakurasian serta integritas pada semua sumber daya informasi organisasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 14,
"width": 23,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "446",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 408,
"top": 14,
"width": 121,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 166,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengertian Keamanan Informasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 48,
"width": 454,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Raymond McLeod, Jr.& George P. Schell (2009) yang diterjemahkan oleh Ali Akbar Y dan Afia R. F, Istilah keamanan informasi (information security) digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan perlindungan baik peralatan komputer dan nonkomputer, fasilitas, data, dan informasi dari penyalahgunaan pihak yang tidak berwenang. Dari pengertian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa keamanan informasi bukan hanya merujuk kepada keamanan data dan informasi semata melainkan juga keamanan komponen fisik yang mendukung pengelolaan informasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 152,
"width": 170,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Manajemen Keamanan Informasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 164,
"width": 454,
"height": 117,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Seperti halnya cakupan keamanan informasi telah meluas, demikian juga dengan tanggungjawab menejer yang tidak hanya menjaga agar sumber daya informasi aman namun juga diharapkan untuk menjaga instansi tersebut tetap berfungsi untuk menjaga keamanan data dan informasi. Menurut Raymond McLeod, Jr.& George P. Schell (2009) yang diterjemahkan oleh Ali Akbar Y dan Afia R. F, mengemukakan bahwa manajemen keamanan informasi (information security management) adalah: (1) mengidentifikasi ancaman yang dapat menyerang sumber daya informasi perusahaan, (2) mengidentifikasi risiko yang dapat disebabkan oleh ancaman- ancaman tersebut, (3) menentukan kebijakan keamanan informasi, (4) mengimplementasikan pengendalian untuk mengatasi risiko-risiko tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 293,
"width": 191,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gangguan Terhadap Sistem Informasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 306,
"width": 454,
"height": 232,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) adalah sebuah divisi di bagian United States Department of Commerce, mengumpulkan beberapa kategori umum dari bentuk serangan terhadap sistem komputerisasi yaitu: “(1) Remote Penetration adalah sebuah program berbasis internet yang berkemapuan untuk masuk mengendalikan suatu komputer dengan cara tidak sah, (2) Local Penetration adalah program-program yang berkemampuan untuk mengakses dengan tidak sah suatu komputer ketika programnya tersebut berjalan, (3) Remote Denial of Service adalah sebuah program yang berjalan pada internet atau sebuah jaringan, dapat men-shutdown suatu komputer yang lain atau mematikan suatu layanan-layanan (services) yang disediakan oleh komputer tersebut, (4) Local Denial of Service adalah program- program yang dapat men shutdown suatu komputer ketika suatu program lain berjalan, (5) Network Scanners adalah program-program yang mampu membuat pemetaan dari sebuah jaringan sehingga komputer-komputer tersebut mudah diserang dan tersedia untuk di eksploitasi, (6) Vulnerability Scanners adalah program-program yang menggunakan internet untuk mencari komputer-komputer lain yang mudah untuk diserang dan ini adalah merupakan tipe-tipe dari bentuk penyerangan. (7) Password Crackers adalah program-program yang mampu menemukan dengan mudah atau menerka suatu password walaupun file passwordnya telah dienkripsi, (8) Sniffers adalah program yang dapat digunakan untuk menyadap data dan informasi melalui jaringan Komputer (Joseph F. Gustin 2004:26)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 551,
"width": 181,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode Gangguan Sistem Informasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 564,
"width": 454,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Eko Nugroho (2008) ada tiga cara untuk melakukan gangguan terhadap sistem informasi, yaitu: (1) pengubahan data cara ini dilakukan dengan mengubah data sebelum atau selama proses dan sesudah proses dari sistem informasi, (2) penyelewengan program yaitu program komputer dimodifikasi untuk maksud kejahatan tertentu yang memiliki beberapa teknik, antara lain virus, (3) penetrasi (hacking atau cracking) yaitu menyadap jalur telekomunikasi dan ikut masuk ke dalam sistem komputer bersama-sama dengan pemakai sistem komputer yang resmi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 654,
"width": 454,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teori tersebut diatas dimaksudkan bahwa setiap sistem aplikasi yang digunakan pastinya akan mengalami serangan virus, hacker, ataupun kesalahan dari user atau pengelolanya, olehnya itu perlu cara agar semua permasalahan yang terjadi dapat diatasi dan diminimalisir keberadaannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 719,
"width": 299,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menanggulangi ancaman/ gangguan pada sistem informasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 732,
"width": 454,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ada beberapa cara yang dapat dilakukan dalam menanggulangi ancaman/gangguan pada sistem informasi diantaranya: (1) membina internal user, (2) memasang pengendalian-pengendalian di sistem informasi, (3) memeriksa efektivitas pengendalian-pengendalian di sistem informasi, (4) merencanakan akibat gangguan (disaster recovery planning)” (Bramantya Mahardika Angga Arista 2010).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 14,
"width": 121,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 14,
"width": 21,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "447",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 454,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan pemaparan tentang keamanan sistem informasi dapat ditanggulangi dengan cara membuat sistem dengan mengatur bagaimana jika terjadi force majure (kebakaran, huru-hara, bencana alam), membuat standar sistem backup, membuat aturan dengan menerapkan kegiatan backup secara berkala atau menggunakan sistem cadangan, membuat aturan baku tentang akses komputer dan jaringan secara langsung misalnya kabel, server yang diletakkan di ruangan khusus, dan lain-lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 126,
"width": 125,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengambilan Keputusan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 139,
"width": 454,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Salusu (2004) pengambilan keputusan adalah suatu proses memilih alternatif cara bertindak dengan metode yang efisien sesuai situasi. Ketika keputusan sudah dibuat, sesuatu yang baru mulai terjadi. Dengan kata lain, keputusan mempercepat diambil tindakan, serta mendorong lahirnya gerakan dan perubahan (Hill et al., dalam Salusu 2004). Harus ada tindakan yang dibuat saat tiba waktunya dan tindakan itu tidak dapat ditunda. Sekali keputusan dibuat, harus diberlakukan dan kalau tidak, sebenarnya itu bukanlah keputusan, tetapi lebih tepat dikatakan suatu hasrat, niat yang baik (Drucker & Hoy, dalam Salusu, 2004).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 229,
"width": 454,
"height": 142,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Harris (1998) menjabarkan pengambilan keputusan sebagai: “Decision making is the study of identifying and choosing alternatives based on the values and preferences of the decision maker. Decision making is the process of sufficiently reducing uncertainty and doubt about alternatives to allow a reasonable choice to be made from among them”. Dari definisi di atas maka dapat dikatakan bahwa pengambilan keputusan merupakan suatu proses mengidentifikasi dan memilih alternatif berdasarkan nilai-nilai dan preferensi yang dimiliki. Hal ini berarti bahwa dalam pengambilan keputusan terdapat alternatif pilihan yang tidak hanya harus diidentifikasi tetapi juga dipilih, dan pemilihannya sesuai dengan nilai, tujuan, gaya hidup dan lain sebagainya sebagaimana yang dianut pengambil keputusan. Proses yang terjadi pada pengambilan keputusan bertujuan untuk menekan ketidakpastian dan keraguan atas alternatif pilihan (Harris, 1998).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 371,
"width": 454,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Janis & Mann (1977) menyebutkan bahwa pengambilan keputusan merupakan pemecahan konflik dan terhindar dari faktor situasional: “Decision making as a matter of conflict resolution and avoidance behaviors due to situational factors”. Berdasarkan definisi-definisi di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengambilan keputusan adalah proses mengidentifikasikan alternatif yang ada sehingga dapat dipilih yang paling sesuai dengan nilai dan tujuan individu untuk mendapatkan solusi dari masalah tertentu.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 448,
"width": 454,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Handoko (2009) pengambilan keputusan adalah bagian kunci kegiatan manajer. Kegiatan ini memegang peranan penting terutama bila pimpinan melaksanakan fungsi perencanaan. Dalam proses perencanaan, manajer memutuskan tujuan-tujuan organisasi yang akan dicapai, sumber daya yang akan digunakan, dan siapa yang akan melaksanakan tugas tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 513,
"width": 454,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Gibson dkk (1997) dalam Sumijatun (2009) keputusan merupakan tanggapan manajer terhadap permasalahan. Setiap keputusan adalah akibat dari proses dinamis yang dipengaruhi oleh banyak kekuatan termasuk lingkungan organisasi dan pengetahuan, kecakapan dan motivasi manajer. Pengambilan keputusan adalah proses pemikiran dan pertimbangan yang mendalam, dan proses yang melibatkan pendekatan sistematik dengan langkah-langkah yang berurutan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 590,
"width": 453,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengambilan keputusan merupakan proses kognitif yang kompleks dan sering didefinisikan sebagai suatu upaya memutuskan serangkaian tindakan tertentu. Pengambilan keputusan sering dianggap sinonim dengan manajemen (Marquis & Huston, 2010).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 629,
"width": 453,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengertian di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengambilan keputusan adalah suatu proses berpikir dalam menentukan pilihan terbaik untuk menyelesaikan suatu masalah dengan langkah-langkah yang berurutan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 680,
"width": 159,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Model Pengambilan Keputusan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 693,
"width": 453,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Terdapat beberapa jenis model pengambilan keputusan menurut para ahli yaitu sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 706,
"width": 119,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a) Metode Normatif",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 719,
"width": 454,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Swanburg (2000) model normatif untuk pembuatan keputusan ini tidak realistis karena asumsinya jelas memilih diantara alternative yang teridentifikasi. Ada tujuh langkah untuk membuat keputusan dalam model analisis ini: a) menemukan dan menganalisis masalah, b) mengidentifikasi semua alternatif yang memungkinkan, c) mengevaluasi pro dan kontra dari masing-masing alternatif, d) mengurutkan alternatif, e) memilih alternatif yang dapat memaksimalkan kepuasaan, f) pelaksanaan, g) evaluasi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 797,
"width": 153,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b) Model Pohon Keputusan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 14,
"width": 23,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "448",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 408,
"top": 14,
"width": 121,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 454,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Vroom menggunakan jawaban untuk tujuh pertanyaan diagnostik dalam bentuk pohon keputusan untuk mengidentifikasi tipe-tipe gaya kepemimpinan yang digunakan dalam model manajemen pembuatan keputusan. Pertanyaan berfokus pada perlindungan kualitas dan penerimaan keputusan dan kesesuaian yang adekuat dari informasi, keseuaian tujuan, struktur masalah, penerimaan oleh subordinat, konflik, keadilan, dan prioritas implementasi (Swanburg, 2000).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 113,
"width": 123,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c) Metode Deskriptif",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 126,
"width": 454,
"height": 116,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Simon mengembangkan model ini didasarkan pada asumsi bahwa pembuat keputusan adalah seseorang yang melihat masalah secara rasional dalam membuat solusi yang bisa dilakukan yang didasarkan pada informasi yang diketahuinya. Model ini dapat digunakan untuk membuat berbagai keputusan yang informasinya tidak lengkap diakibatkan karena keterbatasan waktu, uang, atau orang dan kenyataan bahwa orang tidak selalu memilih yang paling baik (Swanburg, 2000). Ada lima langkah pengambilan keputusan dalam model dekripsi: a) menetapkan tujuan yang dapat diterima, b) menguraikan persepsi subjektif tentang masalah, c) mengidentifikasi alternatif yang bisa diterima, d) mengevaluasi setiap alternatif, e) menyeleksi alternatif, f) menerapkan keputusan, g) evaluasi (Swanburg, 2000).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 255,
"width": 215,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Langkah-langkah Pengambilan Keputusan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 268,
"width": 454,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambaran unik proses pengambilan keputusan yang dilakukan seseorang dapat dilihat dari tahap-tahap yang dilaluinya sebelum sampai pada keputusan akhir. Hal ini berbeda-beda pada setiap individu dan tergantung pada pola seseorang dalam menghadapi masalahnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 306,
"width": 453,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Janis & Mann (1977) memperkenalkan lima tahapan dalam proses pengambilan keputusan, yang terdiri atas:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 332,
"width": 115,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a) Menilai Masalah",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 345,
"width": 454,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahap ini meliputi pengenalan terhadap masalah, mencari informasi atau kejadian yang dapat memberikan pengaruh positif atau negatif bagi tindakan yang akan dilakukan, menemukan tujuan yang ingin dicapai bagi penyelesaian masalah yang kompleks. Ada beberapa faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi penilaian masalah pada tahap ini, yaitu sumber masalah untuk dapat dipercaya, kejelasan masalah, dan kepribadian serta mood seseorang waktu menilai permasalahan yang ada. Pada tahap ini, pertanyaan kunci atau inti yang dapat diajukan untuk melihat suatu keputusan yang akan diambil adalah: “Adakah risiko serius yang akan timbul jika saya tidak melakukan perubahan?”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 448,
"width": 211,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b) Menilai alternatif-alternatif yang ada",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 461,
"width": 454,
"height": 129,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Setelah seseorang merasa yakin terhadap informasi yang berkaitan dengan masalahnya, dia mulai memusatkan perhatian pada berbagai alternatif pilihan yang ada. Seseorang juga berusaha mencari masukan dan informasi dari orang lain yang memiliki pengetahuan yang berhubungan dengan masalahnya. Selain itu, ia juga akan semakin memberikan perhatian pada informasi yang relevan di media massa. Hal yang paling penting pada tahap ini adalah sikap terbuka dan fleksibilitas.Hal itu berguna dalam mengumpulkan seluruh kemungkinan alternatif, baik yang nyata maupun tidak nyata.Faktor yang mempengaruhi jalannya tahap kedua ini adalah mengumpulkan seluruh kemungkinan alternatif, dan efisiensi pencarian keterangan mengenai alternatif yang ada.Pertanyaan kunci pada tahap ini adalah “Apakah saya telah melihat dan mempertimbangkan seluruh alternatif yang ada?”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 590,
"width": 141,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c) Menimbang Alternatif",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 603,
"width": 454,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada tahap ini, seorang pengambil keputusan mulai mengevaluasi seluruh pilihan yang ada berdasarkan konsekuensi dan kemungkinan untuk dilakukan. Mengenai konsekuensi tindakannya, seseorang melihat kemungkinan manfaat dan pengorbanan yang harus diterima. Ketika seseorang menyadari bahwa terdapat kemungkinan terjadinya penyesalan di masa mendatang, ia pun menjadi semakin berhati-hati dalam menimbang alternatif-alternatif yang ada.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 680,
"width": 454,
"height": 91,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Karakteristik seseorang yang berada pada tahap ini adalah munculnya ketidakpuasan atas tindakan yang mungkin telah dilakukan dan ketidakinginan untuk komit atas alternatif- alternatif. Meskipun seseorang mulai merasa yakin atas pilihan yang terbaik, biasanya menjadi responsif atas informasi baru yang penting. Tahap ini dipengaruhi oleh adanya keahlian/keterampilan yang dimiliki seseorang sebelumnya yang dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan seseorang untuk meperhitungkan seluruh kemungkinan secara akurat.Pertanyaan kunci pada tahap ini adalah “Apa alternatif yang terbaik bagi saya?”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 771,
"width": 135,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "d) Membuat Komitmen",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 784,
"width": 453,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahap ini ditandai dengan penumpukan tegangan dalam mempertimbangkan banyaknya alternatif. Hal ini hanya dapat diatasi dengan membuat komitmen terhadap pilihan. Setelah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 14,
"width": 121,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 14,
"width": 21,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "449",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 454,
"height": 181,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "membuat komitmen, pengambil keputusan pun mulai mempertimbangkan untuk mengimplementasikan komitmennya dan memberitahu orang lain mengenai keputusan yang diambilnya. Pengambil keputusan menyadari bahwa cepat atau lambat, orang lain dalam jaringan sosialnya akan mengetahui mengenai keputusan yang diambilnya, dan ia juga menyadari bahwa ketika ia mengimplementasikan dan mengungkapkan keputusannya, maka ia akan terkait dengan keputusannya. Dengan demikian pada saat pengambilan keputusan, membuat langkah awal untuk membuat suatu komitmen, ia mengantisipasi kemungkinan kehilangan harga diri jika ia gagal menjalankan keputusan yang sudah dibuatnya, ia menjadi lebih termotivasi untuk mendukung dan mengkonsolidasi keputusannya dengan cara-cara yang dapat membantunya untuk mengimplementasikan keputusannya dengan kekuatiran yang minim. Dengan demikian, tahap ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh orang-orang atau kelompok yang dianggap penting oleh pengambil keputusan. Pertanyaan yang menjadi kunci pada tahap ini adalah “Kapan saya dapat mengimplementasikan alternatif terbaik dan membiarkan orang lain tahu keputusan saya?”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 216,
"width": 454,
"height": 142,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e) Tetap Melakukan Komitmen Meskipun Ada Umpan Balik yang Negatif Setiap keputusan yang diambil seseorang mengandung risiko (nilai negatif), yang penting adalah tidak bereaksi berlebihan terhadap kritik atau kekecewaan yang mungkin timbul. Pertanyaan kunci: “Apakah risiko itu menjadi serius jika saya melakukan perubahan? Apakah risiko itu menjadi suatu hal yang serius jika saya melakukan perubahan?”. Dari tahapan-tahapan tersebut dapat dilihat bahwa seseorang akan sangat berhati-hati dan sangat mempertimbangkan segala sesuatu untung atau ruginya sebelum mengambil suatu keputusan yang akan menjadi sebuah komitmen dalam hidupnya. Komitmen tersebut haruslah dilakukan dengan serius dan sungguh-sungguh meskipun akan memberikan efek yang negatif. Jika komitmen tidak dilakukan, maka itu bukanlah suatu keputusan, tapi hanya sebatas hasrat atau keinginan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 371,
"width": 162,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proses Pengambilan Keputusan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 384,
"width": 454,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Janis & Mann (1977) mengemukakan, pada umumnya individu akan menghadapi konflik dalam mengambil suatu keputusan yang sangat penting. Munculnya konflik membuat pengambil keputusan akan sangat berhati-hati dalam mengambil keputusan untuk menghadapi risiko yang akan muncul. Konflik-konflik tersebut juga akan mempengaruhi individu untuk menerima atau menolak tindakan yang harus dilakukan sesuai keputusan yang dibuat. Simptom yang dominan muncul adalah keragu-raguan, kebimbangan, ketidakpastian, dan tanda-tanda stres ketika keputusan ditetapkan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 474,
"width": 454,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sesuai dengan hal tersebut, metode yang efektif dalam pengambilan keputusan adalah metode yang menggunakan conflict-theory model, dapat melihat segala konsekuensi yang mungkin terjadi ketika mengambil satu keputusan tertentu. Hal ini tergantung dari jawaban individu yang mengambil keputusan tersebut terhadap empat pertanyaan dasar dalam metode ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 525,
"width": 454,
"height": 168,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Metode ini mencakup tiga hal besar yang harus diperhatikan, yaitu antecendent conditions (kondisi-kondisi yang mendahului), mediating processes (proses-proses yang terjadi), dan consequences (akibat-akibatnya). Banyak hal yang mempengaruhi ketiga hal tersebut, baik internal maupun eksternal.Antecendent conditions sangat dipengaruhi oleh variabel komunikasi seseorang, yang kemudian sangat mempengaruhi mediating processes. Oleh sebab itu, variabel komunikasi ini sangat diperhatikan dalam satu proses pengambilan keputusan. Faktor-faktor lain yang mempengaruhi antecendent conditions dapat berupa faktor situasional dan juga variabel kepribadian dan karakteristikkarakteristik lain dari seorang pengambil keputusan (Elms dalam Janis & Mann, 1977). Semua faktor ini sangat mempengaruhi kesediaan pengambil keputusan untuk memberikan jawaban-jawaban yang positif atau negatif terhadap keempat pertanyaan dasar tersebut. Keunikan dari model ini adalah spesifikasi kondisikondisi yang ada, berhubungan dengan konflik, harapan, dan waktu tertekan yang mengantarai pola pengambilan keputusan yang khusus.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 693,
"width": 454,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kelima tahapan pengambilan keputusan menurut Janis & Mann (1977), yang telah dijelaskan di atas akan menunjukkan suatu proses yang unik dari tahap pertama ke tahap berikutnya, demikian seterusnya sampai tahap kelima. Proses yang terjadi dari satu tahapan ke tahapan berikutnya akan menggambarkan sisi negatif dan sisi positif yang mungkin terjadi dari jawaban setiap pertanyaan yang diajukan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 758,
"width": 454,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Proses pengambilan keputusan tersebut akan menunjukkan kondisi-kondisi yang terjadi sebelumnya, kemudian proses apa saja yang akan muncul, serta apa yang menjadi akibatnya. Hal ini menolong pengambil keputusan untuk meneliti dan menganalisa setiap jawaban yang diberikan terhadap pertanyaan-pertanyaan dari setiap proses yang terjadi. Jawaban itu akhirnya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 14,
"width": 23,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "450",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 408,
"top": 14,
"width": 121,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 453,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "akan mengarahkan pengambil keputusan kepada satu keputusan akhir, yang akan dianut dalam hidupnya, dengan setiap konsekuensi yang mungkin terjadi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 61,
"width": 453,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selanjutnya Marquis & Huston (2010) menyebutkan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pengambilan keputusan, perlu digunakan model proses yang adekuat sebagai dasar teori untuk memahami dan mengaplikasikan keterampilan berpikir kritis. Ada lima langkah kritis dalam penyelesaian masalah dan pengambilan keputusan, yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 113,
"width": 454,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a) Penetapan tujuan; Penetapan tujuan harus jelas dan konsisten dengan pernyataan filosofi individu atau organisasi. Jika aspek tersebut tidak terpenuhi, maka kemungkinan keputusan yang dibuat berkualitas buruk. Handoko (2009) mengemukakan hal pertama yang harus dilakukan seorang manajer adalah menemukan dan memahami masalah untuk diselesaikan agar perumusan masalah menjadi jelas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 177,
"width": 454,
"height": 78,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b) Mengumpulkan data secara cermat; Setelah manajer menentukan atau merumuskan masalah dan tujuan, manajer harus menentukan data-data yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat keputusan yang tepat (Handoko, 2009). Pengumpulan data dimulai dengan mengidentifikasi masalah atau kesempatan untuk mengambil keputusan dan berlanjut ke proses penyelesaian masalah. Ketika mengumpulkan informasi, manajer harus berhati-hati agar data yang dimilikinya dan orang lain tidak salah fakta (Marquis & Huston, 2010).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 255,
"width": 453,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c) Membuat banyak alternatif; Semakin banyak alternatif yang dapat dibuat dalam penyelesaian masalah dan pengambilan keputusan, semakin besar kesempatan menghasilkan keputusan akhir. Dengan tidak membatasi hanya pada satu alternatif yang jelas, orang akan mampu untuk menerobos pola kebiasaan atau pengekangan berpikir dan memungkinkan munculnya gagasan baru (Merquis & Huston, 2010). Menurut Handoko (2009) setelah membuat alternatif keputusan, manajer harus mengevaluasi alternatif tersebut untuk menilai keefektifitasannya, dan langkah selanjutnya adalah memilih alternatis terbaik yang akan digunakan dalam pengambilan keputusan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 358,
"width": 454,
"height": 64,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "d) Berpikir logis; Selama proses penyelesaian masalah, seseorang harus menarik inferensi (simpulan) informasi dan mempertimbangakan informasi serta alternatif secara cermat. Kesalahan berlogika pada titik ini akan mengarahkan pada kualitas keputusan yang buruk. Ada beberapa cara berpikir yang tidak logis, seperti: terlalu menggeneralisasi, afirmasi konsekuensi, dan berargumen dengan analogi (Marquis & Huston, 2010).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 422,
"width": 454,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e) karena mereka kurang berani untuk menghadapi konsekuensi pilihan yang mereka ambil (Marquis & Huston, 2010). Pada tahap ini manajer perlu memperhatikan berbagai resiko dan ketidakpastian sebagai konsekuensi keputusan yang telah dibuat, karena dengan mengambil langkah tersebut manajer dapat menentukan kegiatan-kegiatan yang diperlukan untuk menanggulangi hambatan dan tantangan yang akan terjadi (Handoko, 2009)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 500,
"width": 81,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "D. Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 525,
"width": 454,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan peneliti tentang “Analisis Implementasi Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian (SIMPEG) untuk Mendukung e-Government pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara”, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 577,
"width": 454,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Implementasi aplikasi SIMPEG (Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian) dalam mendukung e-Government pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara telah menjadi acuan pimpinan dalam hal promosi, mutasi, dan rotasi jabatan. Aplikasi ini dapat berjalan dengan baik dengan ketersediaan sumber daya manusia, sumber daya perangkat lunak, sumber daya perangkat keras serta sumber daya jaringan internet.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 642,
"width": 454,
"height": 103,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Komitmen pimpinan untuk mewujudkan layanan pemerintahan berbasis elektronik (e- Government) khususnya aplikasi SIMPEG (Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian) dalam pengambilan keputusan pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara yaitu sajian data aplikasi SIMPEG sangat membantu dalam pengelolaan data pegawai dan pemetaan jabatan sehingga pimpinan terus melakukan optimalisasi pengembangan dari berbagai segi meliputi sumber daya manusia, sumber daya perangkat lunak, sumber daya perangkat keras, sumber daya jaringan, dan sistem keamanan data pegawai pada aplikasi SIMPEG.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 758,
"width": 31,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Saran",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 771,
"width": 454,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan kesimpulan yang telah dikemukakan, maka ada beberapa saran yang diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan masukan untuk perbaikan dalam penerapan aplikasi SIMPEG untuk mewujudkan layanan pemerintahan berbasis elektronik (e-Government) di Kanwil Kementerian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 14,
"width": 121,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 508,
"top": 14,
"width": 21,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "451",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 454,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Adapun saran-saran yang peneliti sampaikan adalah sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 61,
"width": 454,
"height": 65,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Bagi pimpinan pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara hendaknya membuat evaluasi penilaian hasil yang telah tercapai sehingga tujuan program dapat berjalan secara maksimal. Selain itu dalam memberikan kesempatan kursus dan pelatihan pegawai, sebaiknya disesuaikan dengan tugas pokok dan fungsi yang diemban masing-masing pegawai.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 126,
"width": 454,
"height": 77,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Bagi seluruh ASN Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara hendaknya meningkatkan keikutsertaannya dalam mendukung seluruh program yang dilaksanakan Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara khususnya dalam implementasi SIMPEG. Disamping itu sebagai tenaga kepegawaian diharapkan lebih kreatif dan inovatif dalam mengembangkan diri tentang pengetahuan teknologi informasi dan yang terkait implementasi aplikasi SIMPEG.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 203,
"width": 454,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Bagi instansi pemerintah ataupun swasta sekiranya pengimplentasian aplikasi SIMPEG dapat dilakukan dalam penataan struktur organisasi yang ada, karena dengan sistem ini dapat mempermudah kinerja pegawai dan sangat menunjang perkembangan suatu organisasi yang terus dihadapkan dengan era kemajuan zaman.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 255,
"width": 453,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Bagi peneliti lain yang hendak melakukan penelitian yang serupa diharapkan untuk dapat melakukan penelitian yang lebih dalam lagi mengenai sistem informasi manajemen kepegawaian.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 306,
"width": 62,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "E. Referensi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 332,
"width": 454,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Amsyah, Z. (2002). Manajemen Sistem Informasi , Gramendia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta. Davis, G, B. (1997). Kerangka Dasar Sistem Informasi Manajemen, Edisi Pertama , PT Pustaka Binaman Pressindo, Jakarta Pusat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 371,
"width": 454,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Davis, G. B. (1985). Kerangka Dasar SIM bag I. Jakarta: PT. Pustaka Binaman Pressindo. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. (1999). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Balai Pustaka, Jakarta.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 409,
"width": 454,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dewi, F. R., dkk. (2022). “Implementation E-Government In Employment Management Information System In The Regional Office Of The Ministry Of Law And Human Rights West Java, Indonesia” : International Journal of Social Science IJSS. ISSN: 2798-3463 ISSN-P 2798- 4079.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 461,
"width": 454,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Eko Indrajit, R. (2014). Manajemen Organisasi dan Tata Kelola Teknologi Informasi, Edisi Pertama, Graha Ilmu, Yogyakarta. Gibson, J. L. John M, Ivancevich, James H. Donelly. Jr. (1985). Organizations. Fifth Edition . Piano Texas: Business Publication, Inc.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 513,
"width": 454,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hamalik, O. (1993). Pengelolaan Sistem Informasi. Bandung: PT. Tri Genda Karya. Handayaningrat, S. (1996). Pengantar Studi Ilmu Administrasi dan Manajemen .Jakarta: PT. Toko Gunung Agung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 551,
"width": 422,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Heidjrachman & Suad, H. (2002). Manajemen Personalia, Edisi Keempat , BPFE, Yogyakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 564,
"width": 454,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keputusan Mendagri No. 17/2000 Tentang Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian DEPDAGRI dan Pemda",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 590,
"width": 452,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Komorotomo, W., & Margono, S. A. (2009). Sistem Informasi Manajemen Dalam Organisasi- organisasi Publik . Gadjahmada University Press, Yogyakarta.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 616,
"width": 454,
"height": 51,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "McLeod. J. R., & Schell, G. P. (2008). Sistem Informasi Manajemen . Salemba Empat, Jakarta. Moekijat. (1991). Pengantar Sistem Informasi Manajemen . PT Remaja Rosdakarya, Bandung. Moleong, L. J. (2012). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif, Edisi Ketiga Puluh , PT Remaja Rosdakarya, Bandung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 667,
"width": 454,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nugroho, E. (2008). Sistem Informasi Manajemen , Andi, Yogyakarta. Para, S. D. A, dkk. (2022). “Management of Personnel Administration through the Employee History Application System (SARIP) at Tomohon Regional Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency” : Journal of Social Science . ISSN : P 2720-9938 E 2721-5202.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 719,
"width": 454,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ramli, M. (2015). Manajemen Pelayanan Publik Berbasis Kemanusiaan, Edisi Ketiga , Alauddin University Press, Makassar.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 745,
"width": 454,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Raymond M. L. J. (1996). Sistem Informasi Manajemen Studi Sistem Informasi Berbasis Komputer Jilid I.& II (Hendra Teguh) . Jakarta: PT. Prenhallindo. Rochaety, E. (2007). Metodologi Penelitian Bisnis: Dengan Aplikasi SPSS, Edisi Pertama , Mitra Wacana Media, Jakarta.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 14,
"width": 23,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "452",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 408,
"top": 14,
"width": 121,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "AJSH/4.2; 437-452; 2024",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 454,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Siagian, S. P. (1997). Organisasi, Kepemimpinan & Perilaku Administrasi . Jakarta: PT. Toko Gunung Agung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 61,
"width": 454,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Simangunsong, F., & Ratu, D. A. (2018) “Program Implementation Of E-Government-Based Village Administration And Information System In West Sumba Regency” : Asian Journal of Management Sciences & Education . ISSN: 2186-845X ISSN: 2186-8441 Print.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 100,
"width": 416,
"height": 90,
"page_number": 16,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sugiono. (2009). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D, Alfabeta, Bandung. Sugiyono. (2002). Metode Penelitian Administrasi. Bandung: Alfabeta. Suryadi, K., & Ramdhani, M. A. (2000). Sistem Pendukung Keputusan . Bandung: Rosda. Sutanta, E. (2003). Sistem Informasi Manajemen. Edisi Pertama, Gema Ilmu Yogyakarta. Syamsi, I. (2000). Pengambilan Keeputusan dan Sistem Informasi . Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. Wahyono, T. (2004). Computer Based Information System. Edisi Kedua , PT Indeks, Jakarta. Widjaja, A. W. (1990). Administrasi Kepegawaian , Rajawali, Jakarta.",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
0612923d-3155-041d-59f0-76f70bd3426b | http://phi.unbari.ac.id/index.php/phi/article/download/305/176 | [
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 90,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "π (Phi)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 394,
"top": 49,
"width": 129,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Volume 7 Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 DOI 10.33087/phi.v7i2.305",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 773,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "165",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 784,
"width": 238,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ninis Fitria Dwi Hastuti 1 , Raden Sulaiman 2 , Yuli Kristiani 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 797,
"width": 407,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Dengan Berbantuan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Pada Materi Statistika",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 76,
"top": 97,
"width": 447,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR DENGAN BERBANTUAN LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATERI STATISTIKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 146,
"top": 136,
"width": 304,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ninis Fitria Dwi Hastuti 1 , Raden Sulaiman 2 , Yuli Kristiani 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 120,
"top": 150,
"width": 355,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendidikan Profesi Guru Prajabatan Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia 1,2 SMP Negeri 1 Karangjati, Ngawi, Indonesia 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 107,
"top": 175,
"width": 381,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e-mail: [email protected] , [email protected],id , [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 271,
"top": 198,
"width": 59,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 211,
"width": 402,
"height": 160,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang menggunakan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik pada materi statistika. Siswa yang berjumlah 31 di kelas VIII F SMPN 1 Karangjati Ngawi adalah subjek penelitian tindakan kelas ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui tahap pra siklus kemudian siklus I dan dilanjutkan ketahap siklus II, dimana pada siklusnya melibatkan rancangan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Objek penelitian yaitu hasil belajar yang telah didapatkan siswa saat mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran pada mata pelajaran matematika materi statistika. Adapun hasil belajar diperoleh berdasarkan tes yang telah dilakukan oleh siswa. Penelitian ini memperoleh hasil bahwa pada tahap pra siklus nilai rata-rata siswa yaitu 60,74, pada siklus 1 meningkat menjadi 69,20 dan pada siklus II 7,01. Ditinjau berdasarkan ketuntasan belajar siswa sejumlah 9 anak dengan presentase 29,03% pada pra siklus mengalami tuntas, meningkat menjadi 19 siswa dengan presentase 61,3% mengalami tuntas pada siklus I, selanjutnya meningkat 26 siswa yang mengalami tuntas pada siklus II dengan presentase 83,9%. Dengan demikian adanya guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran menggunaan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 384,
"width": 173,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kata kunci : Hasil Belajar; Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 270,
"top": 419,
"width": 56,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 431,
"width": 399,
"height": 159,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This research is a classroom action research that uses Student Worksheets to improve student learning outcomes in statistics material. 31 students in class VIII F of SMPN 1 Karangjati Ngawi were the subjects of this classroom action research. This research was conducted through the pre cycle stage then cycle I and continued to stage cycle II, which in the cycle involves design, implementation, observation, and reflection. The object of research is the learning outcomes that have been obtained by students when participating in learning activities in mathematics subject statistics material. The learning outcomes are obtained based on tests that have been carried out by students. This study obtained the results that at the pre-cycle stage the average value of students was 60.74, in cycle 1 it increased to 69.20 and in cycle II 7.01. In terms of student learning completeness, 9 children with a percentage of 29.03% in the pre-cycle experienced completion, increased to 19 students with a percentage of 61.3% experienced completion in cycle I, then an increase of 26 students who experienced completion in cycle II with a percentage of 83, 9%. Thus the presence of teachers in carrying out learning using Student Worksheets can improve student learning outcomes.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 604,
"width": 161,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords : Learning outcomes; Student Worksheets",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 639,
"width": 96,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 653,
"width": 220,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Suatu hal yang diperlukan oleh manusia salah satunya yaitu menempuh sebuah pendidikan. Pendidikan berguna untuk mengembangkan sumber daya manusia yang dapat dilaksanakan mulai dari jenjang sekolah dasar, menengah bahkan perhuruan tinggi. Meningkatkan pengetahuan, keahlian serta perilaku dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 639,
"width": 221,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "norma-norma merupakan proses pengembangan sumber daya manusia sehingga sanggup membiasakan diri dengan lingkungannya (Widiansyah, 2018). Salah satu tujuan dari adanya Pendidikan yaitu menjadikan siswa yang berpengatahuan, berketrampilan, memiliki sikap yang baik dimana hal ini merupakan hasil belajar dari suatu kegiatan proses pembelajaran. Proses",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 90,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "π (Phi)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 394,
"top": 49,
"width": 129,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Volume 7 Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 DOI 10.33087/phi.v7i2.305",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 773,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "166",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 784,
"width": 238,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ninis Fitria Dwi Hastuti 1 , Raden Sulaiman 2 , Yuli Kristiani 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 797,
"width": 407,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Dengan Berbantuan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Pada Materi Statistika",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 97,
"width": 220,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pembelajaran sangatlah penting dan berpengaruh dalam sebuah Pendidikan, dalam proses pembelajaran akan menambah ilmu serta ketrampilan siswa. Sehingga guru dalam melaksanakan kegiatan pembelajaran akan semaksimal mungkin menjadikan siswa menjadi lebih baik dari sebelumnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 193,
"width": 221,
"height": 508,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Agar kegiatan pembelajaran berjalan dengan maksimal dan prosesnya lancer maka diperlukan perencanaan sebelum dilakukan pembelajaran (Mayudana & Sukendra, 2020). Hasil belajar peserta didik yang bagus merupakan salah satu komponen bahwa pembelajaran dapat dikatakan berhasil. Hasil belajar merupakan keterampilan yang dipunyai siswa setelah mengikuti proses pembelajaran Nana Sudjana (Anisa Firdaus: 2013). Berdasarkan kegiatan proses pembelajaran matematika di SMPN 1 Karangjati, dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan pembelajaran dikelas, gurulah yang menjadi pusat dalam pembelajaran sehingga keaktifan siswa belum muncul, hanya sesekali ada interaksi dengan guru saat menjelaskan materi. Saat kegiatan pembelajaran guru tidak pernah membuat siswa diskusi kelompok sehingga interaksinyapun sebatas guru dan peserta didik secara umum saja. Kemudian sumber belajar dikelas kurang, siswa hanya menggunakan buku paket saja, ketika melaksanakan kegiatan mengajar dikelas guru tidak pernah memakai Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik, sehingga motivasi belajar siswa kurang yang menyebabkan siswa merasa bosan sehingga hasil belajar yang diperoleh peserta didik juga tidak maksimal. Dalam perihal ini dibuktikan pada perolehan nilai hasil belajar peserta didik ketika melaksanakan PTS Genap 2022/2023 di kelas VIII F memperoleh nilai rata-rata 57 yang mana perolehan rata-rata tersebut masih dibawah KKM yang telah ditentukan yaitu 69.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 704,
"width": 220,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam melaksanakan kegiatan pembelajaran guru harus memiliki kretifitas dalam memilih atau menggunakan media pembelajaran yang sesuai sehingga nantinya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 97,
"width": 221,
"height": 577,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dapat mendukung kegiatan pembelajaran. Hal ini sejalan dengan pendapat Mardika (2020) jika terdapat masalah dalam pembelajaran, guru harus kreatif untuk menyelesaikannya agar pembelajaran lebih baik lagi bagi siswa. Satu diantara media pembelajaran yang dianggap mampu memfasilitasi peserta didik seta mampu meningkatkan minat peserta didik sehingga nantinya dapat memaksimalkan perolehan hasil belajar setelah melaksanakan pembelajaran yaitu berupa Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik. Menurut (Nurramah & Suhendar, 2018) alat yang dapat memmbantu peserta didikdalam memahami konsep matematika yaitu lembar kerja. Adanya penggunaan Lembar Kerja Peserta didik akan mengurangi peran seorang guru dan akan memudahkan siswa untuk memeahami materi dalam pembelajaran. LKPD berfungsi sebagai acuan untuk peserta didik dalam melaksanakan kegiatan serta memberikan arahan tentang cara menyelesaikan tugas (Daryanto & Dwicahyono, 2014). Menurut (Prastowo, 2015) lembar kerja peserta didik merupakan bahan acuan ajar berbentuk cetak yang berisikan perihal materi, rangkuman, serta instruksi untuk mengerjakan tugas belajar mengacu pada kemampuan dasar yang wajib diraih oleh siswa. Pemakaian LKPD dalam pembelajaran mampu meningkatkan pemahaman peserta didik terkait pembelajaran serta berdampak pada capaian belajar terutama matematika Septian et al. (2019). Dengan demikian, penerapan LKPD akan berdampak pada pelaksanaan pembelajaran dan hasil belajar siswa salah satunya yaitu dalam pembelajaran matematika. Oleh karena itu, LKPD dapat dipergunakan untuk permasalahan kegiatan pembelajaran matematika.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 676,
"width": 221,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam hal ini diperlukan penelitian tindakan kelar yang mempunyai tujuan agar hasil belajar dapat meningkat khususnya materi Statistika menggunakan lembar kerja peserta didik untuk siswa VII F SMPN 1 Karangjati.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 90,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "π (Phi)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 394,
"top": 49,
"width": 129,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Volume 7 Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 DOI 10.33087/phi.v7i2.305",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 773,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "167",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 784,
"width": 238,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ninis Fitria Dwi Hastuti 1 , Raden Sulaiman 2 , Yuli Kristiani 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 797,
"width": 407,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Dengan Berbantuan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Pada Materi Statistika",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 97,
"width": 134,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 111,
"width": 221,
"height": 521,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Adapun subjek penelitian yaitu siswa SMPN 1 Karangjati kelas VIII F yang berjumlah 30 siswa. Sumber data penelitian ini berasal dari hasil belajar peserta didik yang diperoleh dari tahap prasiklus, tahap siklus I dan siklus II dimana setiap siklusnya terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Pada tahap perencanaan yang dilakukan disetiap siklus berkaitan dengan penataan rencana belajar termasuk juga penyusunan serta penyesuaian RPP dan LKPD, pada tahap pelaksanaan yaitu berkaitan dengan melakasanakan kegiatan pembelajaran sesuai dengan perencanaan yang sudah dibuat diawal, kegiatan pengamatan beriringan dengan tahap pelaksanaan saat kegiatan pembelajaran berlangsung, adapun untuk refleksi berkaitan dengan tahap akhir disetiap siklus yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui tindak lanjut serta perkembangan siklus yang dilakukan. Objek penelitian yaitu hasil belajar peserta didik pada materi statistika yang ada di mata pelajaran matematika, data hasil belajar diperoleh dari hasil tes siswa. Hasil tes peserta didik selanjutnya dianalisis untuk mengetahui serta menentukan kentuntasan peserta didik dan mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik, keberhasilan penelitian ini dapat tercapai apabila peserta didik mendapatkan nilai Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) yaitu 69, jumlah keseluruhan rata-rata peserta didik setiap siklus <80% dari peserta didik menerima nilai di atas KKM. Adapun untuk perhitungan sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 97,
"width": 158,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 111,
"width": 220,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pelaksanaan penelitian ini terdiri dari pra siklus, siklus I dan siklus II, adapun hasil dan pembahasan sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 152,
"width": 56,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pra Siklus",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 166,
"width": 221,
"height": 259,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahap awal dalam penelitian pra siklus ini yaitu menyusun RPP serta menyusun media pembelajaran sederhana yang nantinya akan diterapkan dalam proses kegiatan mengajar dikelas. Pada tahap pelaksaan pra siklus ini yaitu implementasi dari apa yang telah direncanakan. Adapun tahap pelaksaan ini dilakukan selama 1 kali pertemuan. Pada tahap pelaksaan pra siklus ini guru menggunakan metode demonstrasi dan pada awal kegiatan guru melaksanakan tes diagnostic kognitif dan juga kognitif untuk mengetahui kesiapan belajar siswa serta kemampuan awal siswa. Pada tahap pengamatan ini berdampingan dengan tahap pelaksanaan, pada tahap pengamatan diperoleh hasil belajar siswa berupa nilai, adapun data hasil belajar siswa pada tahap pra siklus sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 334,
"top": 428,
"width": 164,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Perolehan Hasil Tes Pra Siklus",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 326,
"top": 440,
"width": 178,
"height": 100,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No Hasil Evaluasi Jumlah Peserta Didik Siklus I 1 Rata-rata nilai siswa 31 60,74 2 Tuntas 9 29,03% 3 Tidak Tuntas 22 70,96%",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 556,
"width": 220,
"height": 190,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari perolehan data tersebut, persentase jumlah perserta didik yang tuntas dalam belajar dengan memperoleh nilai lebih dari KKM 69 yaitu sebesar 29,03%, sedangkam perolehan persentase jumlah peserta didik yang dinyatakan tidak tuntas dalam belajar yatu siswa yang nilainya kurang dari KKM 69 yaitu sebesar 70,96%. Sehingga, jumlah peserta didik yang dapat mengerjakan soal- soal yang berhubungan dengan statiska sejumlah 9 siswa, dengan nilai rata-rata yang didapatkan dalam pra siklus ini yaitu sebesar 60,74. Berdasarkan hasil pra siklus I masih diperlukan suatu perubahan agar hasil",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 90,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "π (Phi)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 394,
"top": 49,
"width": 129,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Volume 7 Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 DOI 10.33087/phi.v7i2.305",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 773,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "168",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 784,
"width": 238,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ninis Fitria Dwi Hastuti 1 , Raden Sulaiman 2 , Yuli Kristiani 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 797,
"width": 407,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Dengan Berbantuan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Pada Materi Statistika",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 97,
"width": 220,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "belajar meningkat, yaitu nnatinya perubahan tersebut dilakukan pada siklus I",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 125,
"width": 42,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Siklus I",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 138,
"width": 221,
"height": 315,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahap awal dalam penelitian siklus I ini yaitu menyusun RPP serta menyusun dan menyesuaikan LKPD yang nantinya akan diterapkan dalam proses kegiatan mengajar dikelas. Pada tahap pelaksaan Siklus I ini yaitu implementasi dari apa yang telah direncanakan, guru menggunakan LKPD dalam membantu proses kegiatan belajar mengajar. Adapun tahap pelaksaan ini dilakukan selama 1 kali pertemuan. Berdasatkan dari hasil tahap prasiklus maka dilakukan perbaikan yaitu mulai dari perencenaan serta implementasi penerapan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik dalam kegiatan pembelajaran matematika. Dalam pelaksaan siklus 1 ini guru memanfaatkan media pembelajaran Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Tahap pengamatan ini berdampingan dengan tahap pelaksanaan, pada tahap pengamatan diperoleh hasil belajar siswa berupa nilai, adapun data hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 126,
"top": 455,
"width": 111,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 2. Hasil Tes Siklus I",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 73,
"top": 467,
"width": 214,
"height": 82,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No Hasil Evaluasi Jumlah Peserta Didik Siklus I 1 Rata-rata nilai siswa 31 69,20 2 Tuntas 19 61,3% 3 Tidak Tuntas 12 38,7%",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 570,
"width": 220,
"height": 191,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari perolehan data tersebut, persentase jumlah perserta didik yang tuntas dalam belajar dengan memperoleh nilai lebih dari KKM 69 yaitu sebesar 61,3%, sedangkam perolehan persentase jumlah peserta didik yang dinyatakan tidak tuntas dalam belajar yatu siswa yang nilainya kurang dari KKM 69 yaitu sebesar 38,7%. Sehingga, jumlah peserta didik yang mampu menyelesaikan soal-soal yang berkaitan dengan statiska sejumlah 19 siswa, dengan nilai rata-rata yang didapatkan dalam siklus I ini yaitu sebesar 69,20. Berdasarkan hasil pra siklus dan juga siklus I, terlihat bahwa terdapat",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 97,
"width": 220,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kenaikan jumlah ketuntasan belajar siswa dan ratarata kelas nilai siswa, meskipun tidak signifikan hal ini dikarenakan siswa belum terbiasa dalam menggunakan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik, sehingga siswa masih membutuhkan penjelasan yang detail dalam menu Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik. Berdasarkan hasil data ketuntasan belajar yang belum mencapai nilai yang diharapkan yaitu sebesar 80%, sehingga dengan hal ini penelitian dilanjutkan pada siklus II.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 249,
"width": 47,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Siklus II",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 262,
"width": 221,
"height": 384,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahap awal dalam penelitian siklus II ini yaitu menyusun RPP serta menyusun dan menyesuaikan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik yang akan digunakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran serta melakukan perbaikan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik berdasarkan kegiatan siklus I. Pada tahap pelaksanan Siklus II ini yaitu implementasi dari apa yang telah direncanakan, guru menggunakan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik dalam membantu proses kegiatan belajar mengajar. Adapun tahap pelaksaan ini dilakukan selama 1 kali pertemuan. Berdasatkan dari hasil tahap siklus II maka dilakukan perbaikan yaitu mulai dari perencenaan serta implementasi penerapan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik dalam kegiatan pembelajaran matematika. Dalam pelaksaan siklus II ini guru melakukan perbaikan pada LKPD, kemudian memberikan arahan kepada siswa untuk memahami alur serta langkah-langlah pengerjaan serta memberikan dukungan semangat agar mendapatkan hasil beajar yang meningkat. Tahap pengamatan ini berdampingan dengan tahap pelaksanaan, pada tahap pengamatan diperoleh hasil belajar siswa berupa nilai, adapun data hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 357,
"top": 648,
"width": 118,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 3. Hasil Tes Siklus II",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 319,
"top": 661,
"width": 177,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "No Hasil Evaluasi Jumlah Peserta Didik Siklus II 1 Rata-rata nilai siswa 31 79,01 2 Tuntas 26 83,9% 3 Tidak Tuntas 5 16,1%",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 90,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "π (Phi)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 394,
"top": 49,
"width": 129,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Volume 7 Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 DOI 10.33087/phi.v7i2.305",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 773,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "169",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 784,
"width": 238,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ninis Fitria Dwi Hastuti 1 , Raden Sulaiman 2 , Yuli Kristiani 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 797,
"width": 407,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Dengan Berbantuan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Pada Materi Statistika",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 97,
"width": 220,
"height": 659,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari perolehan data tersebut, persentase jumlah perserta didik yang tuntas dalam belajar dengan memperoleh nilai lebih dari KKM 69 yaitu sebesar 83,9% sedangkam perolehan persentase jumlah peserta didik yang dinyatakan tidak tuntas dalam belajar yatu siswa yang nilainya kurang dari KKM 69 yaitu sebesar 16,1%. Sehingga, jumlah peserta didik yang mampu menyelesaikan soal-soal yang berkaitan dengan statistika sejumlah 26 siswa, dengan nilai rata-rata yang didapatkan dalam siklus II ini yaitu sebesar 79,01. Berdasarkan hasil siklis II nilai rata-rata siswa sebesar 79,01 dan sebanyak 26 siswa telah tuntas dalam pertemuan kali ini. Hal ini merupakan keberhasilan yang telah dilakukan guru untuk memperbaiki Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik yang berkaitan dengan langkah- langkah atau cara penggunaan pemanfaatan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik sehingga siswa memahami cara penggunaan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik yang dapat membantu meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa penggunaan LKPD dapat meningkatka hasil belajar peserta didik, sehingga penelitian ini tidak dilanjutkan ke siklus berikutnya, Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil pra siklus, siklus I dan siklus II terdapat peningkatan mulai dari nilai rata pada pra siklus 60,74 meningkat menjadi 69,20 pada siklus I dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 7,01. Dilihat dari ketuntasan belajar siswa pada pra siklus sebanyak 9 siswa tuntas dengan presentase 29,03% menjadi 19 siswa yang mengalami tuntas dengan presentase 61,3% pada siklus I dan siklus II meningkat 26 siswa yang mengalami tuntas dengan presentase 83,9%. Dalam hal ini target ketuntasan sudah terpenuhi yaitu minimal 80% siswa telah tuntas mendapatkan nilai diatas KKM 69. Sehingga penelitian tindakan kelas adanya pengunaan Lembar kerja Peserta Didik dapat dikatakan berhasil meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran matematika materi statistika kelas VIII F SMPN 1 Karangjati Ngawi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 97,
"width": 140,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "SIMPULAN DAN SARAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 111,
"width": 220,
"height": 314,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dilihat dari perolehan hasil penelitian dan serta pembahasan didapat simpulan bahwa dengan menggunakan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik ternyata hasil belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran matematika materi statistika kelas VIII F SMPN 1 Karangjati Ngawi yaitu meningkat. Adapun keberhasilan ini dapat dilihat dari hasil penelitian bahwa pada tahap pra siklus nilai rata-rata siswa yaitu 60,74, pada siklus 1 meningkat menjadi 69,20 dan pada siklus II 7,01. Ditinjau berdasarkan ketuntasan belajar siswa sejumlah 9 anak dengan presentase 29,03% pada pra siklus mengalami tuntas, meningkat menjadi 19 siswa dengan presentase 61,3% mengalami tuntas pada siklus I, selanjutnya meningkat 26 siswa yang mengalami tuntas pada siklus II dengan presentase 83,9%. Dengan demikian adanya guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran menggunaan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 442,
"width": 113,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 456,
"width": 220,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Daryanto, & Dwicahyono, A. (2014).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 335,
"top": 469,
"width": 192,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran. Yogyakarta: Gava Media",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 511,
"width": 220,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Firdaus, Anisa. 2013. Pengertian Belajar dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 335,
"top": 525,
"width": 52,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mengajar.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 538,
"width": 221,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://firdausanisaa.blogspot.com/2013 /09/iii-pengertian-belajar- mengajar.html (diakses 29 Juli 2023) Mardika, I. K. (2020). Upaya meningkatkan sikap ilmiah dan hasil belajar kimia melalui",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 407,
"top": 607,
"width": 119,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "penerapan model",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 335,
"top": 621,
"width": 191,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pembelajaran inkuiri. Indonesian Journal of Educational Development ,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 335,
"top": 649,
"width": 26,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1(2),",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 480,
"top": 649,
"width": 46,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "311-321.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 335,
"top": 663,
"width": 187,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.400613 5.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 306,
"top": 690,
"width": 220,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mayudana, I K. Y. & Sukendra, I K. (2020).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 335,
"top": 704,
"width": 192,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis kebijakan penyederhanaan rpp (surat edaran menteri pendidikan dan kebudayaan nomor 14 tahun 2019. Indonesian Journal of Educational",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 35,
"width": 90,
"height": 42,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "π (Phi)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 394,
"top": 49,
"width": 129,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Volume 7 Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 DOI 10.33087/phi.v7i2.305",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 507,
"top": 773,
"width": 19,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "170",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 784,
"width": 238,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ninis Fitria Dwi Hastuti 1 , Raden Sulaiman 2 , Yuli Kristiani 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 797,
"width": 407,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Dengan Berbantuan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Pada Materi Statistika",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 97,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Development , 1(1), 61-68.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 111,
"width": 220,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3760 682. Nurramah, A & Suhendar, A. M. (2018). Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Matematika Dengan Menggunakan LKS Dan KKS. JKPM (Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Matematika) Unindra, 3(1), 1-10. Prastowo, A. (2015). Panduan Kreatif",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 221,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Membuat Bahan Ajar Inovatif.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 235,
"width": 120,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yogyakarta: Diva Press.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 249,
"width": 220,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Septian, R., Irianto, S., & Andriani, A.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 262,
"width": 192,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(2019). Pengembangan Lembar Kerja",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 72,
"top": 276,
"width": 220,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Peserta Didik (LKPD) Matematika Berbasis Model Realistic Mathematics Education. Jurnal Education FKIP UNMA, 5(1) Widiansyah, A. (2018). Peranan Sumber",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 345,
"width": 197,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Daya Pendidikan sebagai Faktor Penentu dalam Manajemen Sistem Pendidikan. Manajemen Sistem",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 96,
"top": 387,
"width": 193,
"height": 52,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendidikan. Cakrawala, 18(2), 229– 234. http://ejournal.bsi.ac.id/ejurnal/index.ph p/cakrawala",
"type": "Text"
}
] |
3c169df5-aa00-741f-8387-faff2f01636e | https://ejournals.umn.ac.id/index.php/TI/article/download/317/283 | [
{
"left": 100,
"top": 767,
"width": 252,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ULTIMATICS, Vol. IV, No. 2 | Desember 2012",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 768,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "28",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 63,
"width": 88,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2085-4552",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 174,
"top": 87,
"width": 219,
"height": 32,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gamified e-Commerce",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 175,
"top": 126,
"width": 217,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A New Paradigm on e-Media Business",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 254,
"top": 152,
"width": 58,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Seng Hansun",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 98,
"top": 171,
"width": 371,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Program Studi Teknik Informatika, Universitas Multimedia Nusantara, Tangerang, Indonesia [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 226,
"top": 207,
"width": 115,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Diterima 23 November 2012",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 225,
"top": 219,
"width": 116,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Disetujui 30 November 2012",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 236,
"width": 219,
"height": 55,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract —Nowadays, e-commerce and e-business have increasingly become a necessary component of business strategy. It’s also become a strong catalyst for economic development. We can see it through the report given by various authors [1, 2, 3].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 290,
"width": 222,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gamification, on the other hand, is a new term used to describe the using of game elements and game design techniques in other non-game areas/activities, such as business, education, health, politics, etc [4]. Gamification studies and improvements also take place on the e-commerce fields, as we can see on some e-commerce sites, such as ebay, foursquare, amazon gold box, and salesforce.com which has implement the gamification concept on their sites.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 387,
"width": 218,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "On this paper, we will explore this new paradigm on e-media business: the usage of gamification concept on e-commerce field. Is it possible? What are the advantages? And what are the disadvantages? All this questions lead us to the new term known as GE-commerce (Gamified E-commerce).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 462,
"width": 218,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Index Terms— e-commerce, gamification, business strategy, ge-commerce",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 115,
"top": 493,
"width": 98,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "I. INTRODUCTION",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 515,
"width": 221,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "In the emerging global economy, e-commerce has increasingly become a necessary component of business strategy. The rapid development of information and communications technology (ICT) in business has taken its’ part, especially in enhancing productivity, encouraging greater customer participation, enabling mass customization, and reducing costs [1].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 609,
"width": 220,
"height": 97,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Some big players on e-commerce business have taken a step forward by using various techniques to increase their traffic and enlarge their customers, which lead to improvement to their revenue. One technique been used lately is by applying some game elements and game design techniques on their sites. Amazon gold box, foursquare, salesforce, and even one of the biggest online’s auction, the ebay have implemented it.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 715,
"width": 220,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "This technique, that used the game concept on non-game contexts, is known as gamification. It’s a new emerging business practice that can be applied",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 238,
"width": 218,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "to many fields, such as education, health, politics, and business. On e-commerce itself, the implementation of gamification on e-commerce is known as G-commerce, or as the author’s proposed GE-commerce (gamified e-commerce).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 358,
"top": 307,
"width": 90,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "II. E-COMMERCE",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 330,
"width": 220,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Electronic commerce or e-commerce is the use of electronic communications and digital processing technology in business transactions to create, transform, and redefine relationships for value creation between or among organizations, and between organizations and individuals. Usually, it refers to a wide range of online business activities for products and services [1].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 424,
"width": 224,
"height": 145,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "There are some major types of e-commerce, such as business-to-business (B2B) which is the e-commerce between companies; business-to-consumer (B2C) which involves the consumer to gather information, purchasing physical or informational goods, and receiving it; business-to-government (B2G) which is the commerce between companies and the public sector; consumer-to-consumer (C2C) which is the commerce between individuals or consumers; and mobile commerce (m-commerce) which is defined as the buying and selling of goods and services through wireless technology.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 578,
"width": 222,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Although as reported by J. E. Lawrence and U. A. Tar [3], there are some barriers hindering e-commerce adoption in developing countries, range from the infrastructural barriers to political and governmental barriers; as displayed in figure 1, many experts still predict the e-commerce platform as the top three area of investment in 2012 [2].",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 418,
"top": 63,
"width": 88,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2085-4552",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 245,
"top": 767,
"width": 252,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ULTIMATICS, Vol. IV, No. 2 | Desember 2012",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 768,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "29",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 87,
"top": 221,
"width": 211,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fig. 1. e-commerce is top three priorities for 2012 [2]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 145,
"top": 243,
"width": 96,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "III. GAMIFICATION",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 265,
"width": 223,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gamification is a new term and concept in both theoretical and practical knowledge. Here, some basic concepts on gamification will be given. Besides that, the six-steps to be considerate when designing a gamification framework will be explained.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 335,
"width": 76,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A. Basic Concepts",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 357,
"width": 220,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gamification is the use of game elements and game design techniques in non-game contexts, such as health, education, politics, public sector, and business. It was an emerging new brand concept in the past couple of years.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 559,
"width": 221,
"height": 191,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fig. 2. Pyramid of gamification elements Figure 2 above describe the pyramid of gamification elements. On the highest level, there is dynamics level which is the conceptual level, where the constraints, emotions, narrative, progression, and relationships of gamification been decided. The second level is the mechanics level which describe as processes that drive action forward, such as challenges, chance, competition, cooperation, feedback, resource acquisition, rewards, transactions, turns, and win states. Lastly, on the lowest level, there are components, define as specific instantiations of dynamics and mechanics, such as achievements, avatars, badges, boss fight, gifting, content unlocking, leaderboards, levels, points, quests, social graph, virtual goods, etc.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 91,
"width": 225,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "People, organization, or company that used gamification on their system to achieve their goals is usually known as gamificator. There are many reasons and goals a gamificator would like to achieve, for example to enhance their employees’ productivity, to increase their loyal customers, or to improve their product demands.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 185,
"width": 219,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "After knowing some basic concepts of gamification, we could implement gamification concept on a system using the gamification design framework as described below.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 242,
"width": 147,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B. Gamification Design Framework",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 265,
"width": 222,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "There are some steps we need to know when designing a gamification system. Here are the six-step of gamification design framework as described by K. Werbach and D. Hunter [4]:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 323,
"width": 218,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Define business objectives. Why are you gamifying? How do you hope to benefit your business, or achieve some other goal such as motivating people to change their behavior?",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 381,
"width": 220,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Delineate target behaviors. What do you want your players to do? And what are the metrics that will allow you to measure them? These behaviors should promote your business objectives, although the relationship may be indirect. For example, your business goal might be to increase sales, but your target behavior could be for visitors to spend more time on your website. The metrics should in some fashion provide feedback to the players, letting them know when they are successfully engaging in the intended behaviors.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 511,
"width": 220,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Describe your players. Who are the people who will be participating in your gamified activity? What is their relationship to you? For example, are they prospective customers, employees at your organization, or some other community? And what are they like? You can describe your players using demographics (such as age and gender), psychographics (such as their values and personalities), Bartle’s player types [5], or some other framework.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 629,
"width": 222,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Devise your activity loops. Explore in greater detail how you will motivate your players using engagement and progression loops. First, describe the kinds of feedback your system will offer the players to encourage further action, and explain how this feedback will work to motivate the players. Second, how if at all will players progress in your system? This includes how the system will get new players engaged, and how it will remain interesting for more experienced players.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 100,
"top": 767,
"width": 252,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ULTIMATICS, Vol. IV, No. 2 | Desember 2012",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 69,
"top": 768,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "30",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 89,
"top": 63,
"width": 88,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2085-4552",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 93,
"width": 222,
"height": 109,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Don’t forget the fun. Although more abstract than some of the other elements, ensuring that your gamified system is fun remains as important as the other aspects. In order to fully explore this aspect of the design process, consider how your game would function without any extrinsic rewards. Would you say it was fun? Identify which aspects of the game could continue to motivate players to participate even without rewards.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 211,
"width": 222,
"height": 145,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. Deploy the appropriate tools. What are some of the game elements involved and what will the experience be like for the players? What specific choices would you make in deploying your system? For example, you might discuss whether the gamified system is to be experienced primarily on personal computers, mobile devices, or some other platform. You might also describe what feedback, rewards, and other reinforcements the players could receive. Finally, think about whether you’ve tied your decisions back to the other five steps in the process, especially the business objectives.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 116,
"top": 365,
"width": 97,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "IV. GE-COMMERCE",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 387,
"width": 220,
"height": 133,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The implementation of gamification concept on e-commerce media business gave birth to a new term known as GE-commerce (gamified e-commerce). Here, we will see whether it’s possible to apply gamification on e-commerce field? Why do some big players on e-commerce media business use this technique? What are the advantages? And what are the disadvantages? On the last part, there are some screenshots taken from one of the most successful e-commerce sites called foursquare, which has implemented the gamification concept on their system to achieve their business goals.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 529,
"width": 160,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "A. New Paradigm on e-Media Business",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 551,
"width": 221,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Implementation of gamification on e-commerce sites has emerging lately. It has become a new paradigm on e-media business. But one question should be considered, is it possible to adapt this technology on all e-commerce field? Clearly the answer to the prior question is it is very possible. All e-commerce sites can be gamified by using some game elements on it. But the more fundamental question should be, whether it’s appropriate or not to use gamification on an e-commerce site?",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 57,
"top": 681,
"width": 220,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Not everything can be easily gamified. A gamificator should know and understand on the system he/she is trying to gamify. There are some basic rules they need to know and follow when trying to implement the gamification concept on e-media business:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 93,
"width": 218,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Do not force the user to perform tasks that increase the effort to make a purchase",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 117,
"width": 203,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Never damage the image of the product or store",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 129,
"width": 221,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Manage attractive targets for the user in short, medium, and long term",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 153,
"width": 218,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Manage your gamification to the most common customer of the store",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 187,
"width": 220,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "These basic rules can help a gamificator to design and implement gamification concept on an e-commerce site properly. If by using gamification on e-commerce site, it deals adequately with the effort made by the customer to purchase our products, it takes up the image of our products, and it can attracts more customers to the site, then it should be used.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 281,
"width": 104,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "B. Gamified e-Commerce",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 303,
"width": 222,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gamified e-commerce simply is an e-commerce site with gamification on it. Increasingly more and more e-commerce sites has change its’ role as ge- commerce sites. Although there are some widely known advantages to use gamification concept on e-commerce, there are also some disadvantages need to be considered.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 309,
"top": 397,
"width": 179,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Some of the ge-commerce disadvantages are:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 419,
"width": 196,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. It should be properly design and implemented",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 431,
"width": 134,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. It should be properly maintain",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 443,
"width": 212,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. It can increase the website/system production cost",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 465,
"width": 218,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Besides the disadvantages, some advantages widely known when gamification be used on an e-commerce site are:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 511,
"width": 164,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. It can increase customers’ satisfaction",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 523,
"width": 161,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. It can increase customers’ interaction",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 535,
"width": 169,
"height": 37,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. It can increase employees’ productivity 4. It can improve company revenue/profit 5. It can upgrade product/company brand",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 571,
"width": 135,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. It can reduce operational costs",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 593,
"width": 221,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "By knowing the disadvantages and advantages of gamification implementation on e-commerce, it can help the gamificator to get a better result and achievement.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 651,
"width": 49,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "C. Example",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 295,
"top": 673,
"width": 218,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Below here, some screenshots of gamification implementation on foursquare been displayed.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 418,
"top": 63,
"width": 88,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ISSN 2085-4552",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 245,
"top": 767,
"width": 252,
"height": 18,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ULTIMATICS, Vol. IV, No. 2 | Desember 2012",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 513,
"top": 768,
"width": 12,
"height": 16,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "31",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 142,
"top": 246,
"width": 102,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fig. 3. Foursquare badges",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 268,
"width": 220,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "On figure 3 above, we can see different kinds of badges available for the foursquare user to collect. It can give motivation for the user to do some tasks given to get and collect all the badges. Some can be obtained easily, while some others could be quite difficult, such as meeting and participating in an event on another geographic area.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 129,
"top": 516,
"width": 128,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fig. 4. Foursquare progress stats",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 538,
"width": 220,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "As we can see on figure 4, the user also can check their progression or stats. It can be used for the user to keep their track among other foursquare users, or just to give them some intrinsic motivation on their achievement.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 92,
"width": 219,
"height": 49,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "There are also some ge-commerce sites that widely known, such as Google news site, amazon gold box, ebay, salesforce, Samsung, SAP, etc. Please feel free to try it yourself.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 388,
"top": 149,
"width": 86,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "V. CONCLUSION",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 172,
"width": 222,
"height": 121,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gamification as a new concept and area of study has been widely used in many fields, not to mention on the e-commerce business area. The implementation of gamification concept has become a new paradigm on e-media business, i.e. on e-commerce. Of course, there are some advantages and disadvantages on implementing the new concept on e-commerce, but with proper understanding and techniques used when implementing gamification, will lead the gamificator to the better result and achievement at the end.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 408,
"top": 310,
"width": 46,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "r eferences",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 325,
"width": 217,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[1] Z. R. Andam, “e-Commerce and e-Business”, e-ASEAN Task Force, UNDP-APDIP, May 2003.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 345,
"width": 219,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[2] Oracle Endeca, “e-Commerce Trends for 2012: Mobile and Facebook Take Center Stage as Online Retailers Focus on Customers’ Digital Experiences”, Oracle, February 2012.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 375,
"width": 221,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[3] J. E. Lawrence, U. A. Tar, “Barriers to ecommerce in Developing Countries”, Information, Society and Justice, Vol. 3 No. 1, January 2010: pp 23-35.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 404,
"width": 217,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[4] K. Werbach, D. Hunter, “For the Win: Serious Gamification”, Wharton Digital Press, 2012.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 425,
"width": 221,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[5] Bartle, A. Richard, “Understanding the Limits of Theory”, Beyond Game Design: Nine Steps to Creating Better Videogames, Delmar, 2009.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 454,
"width": 197,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[6] https://class.coursera.org, accessed on 20 October 2012.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 466,
"width": 217,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[7] http://gamification.org/wiki/Gamification_of_Commerce, accessed on 24 October 2012.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 486,
"width": 206,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[8] http://gamifyforthewin.com, accessed on 20 October 2012.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 498,
"width": 216,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[9] http://www.brainsins.com/us/blog/gamification-in-e- commerce-basic-rules/1365, accessed on 24 October 2012.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 323,
"top": 518,
"width": 217,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[10] http://www.slideshare.net/PowerReviews/get-yourgameon, accessed on 24 October 2012.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
c7f8fe8d-ac46-b52e-7124-51230b7a9c8a | https://journal.yrpipku.com/index.php/msej/article/download/5111/2801 | [
{
"left": 120,
"top": 39,
"width": 260,
"height": 24,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Management Studies and Entrepreneurship Journal Vol 5(2) 2024 : 5673-5682",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 788,
"width": 419,
"height": 19,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Copyright © 2024 THE AUTHOR(S). This article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license, http://journal.yrpipku.com/index.php/msej",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 86,
"width": 428,
"height": 29,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The Influence Of Compensation And Work Discipline On Employee Performance PT. Yorozu Automotive Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 129,
"width": 428,
"height": 30,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengaruh Kompensasi Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Yorozu Automotive Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 173,
"width": 243,
"height": 14,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Salma Ridha Fahira 1* , Suroso 2 , Flora Patricia Anggela 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 187,
"width": 428,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Program Studi Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang 1,2,3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 213,
"width": 341,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "[email protected] 1 , [email protected] 2 , [email protected] 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 254,
"width": 76,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "* Corresponding Author",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 280,
"width": 45,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRACT",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 292,
"width": 428,
"height": 134,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "The aim of this research is to determine the influence of compensation and discipline on employee performance partially and simultaneously. This study uses a quantitative approach. This population is employees of PT. Yorozu Automotive Indonesia, located in the Mitra Karawang Industrial Area, has 176 employees. A sample of 122 people was taken because the Slovin formula was used. The data collection method uses a questionnaire and analysis tools use SPSS using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the research show that there is a partial influence between the Compensation variable (x1) on Employee Performance (y) with a calculated t value > t table (9.733> 1.979) and there is a partial influence between the Work Discipline variable (x2) on employee performance (y) with a value t count > t table (4.776> 1.979) and there is a simultaneous influence between the variables compensation (x1) and Work Discipline (x2) on Employee Performance (y) with a value of F count > F table (95.044> 3.07), namely 61, 5%.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 426,
"width": 275,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keywords: Compensation, Work Discipline, Employee Performance.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 450,
"width": 41,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "ABSTRAK",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 463,
"width": 428,
"height": 138,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh kompensasi dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan secara parsial dan simultan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sejumlah 176 karyawan PT. Yorozu Automotive Indonesia , berada di Kawasan Industri Mitra Karawang dijadikan populasi penelitian ini. Pengambilan sampel sejumlah 122 orang karena rumus slovin yang digunakan. Metode kuesioner dipergunakan untuk proses mengumpulkan data dan alat analisis menggunakan SPSS dengan analisis regresi linier berganda. Penelitian didapatkan hasil yaitu ada pengaruh parsial antara variabel Kompensasi (x1) terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (y) dengan nilai t hitung > t tabel (9,733>1,979) dan terdapat pengaruh parsial antara variabel Disiplin Kerja (x2) terhadap kinerja karyawan (y) dengan nilai t hitung > t tabel (4,776>1,979) dan terdapat pengaruh simultan antara variabel kompensasi (x1) dan Disiplin Kerja (x2) terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (y) dengan nilai F hitung > F tabel (95,044> 3,07) yaitu sebersar 61,5%. Kata Kunci: Kompensasi, Disiplin Kerja, Kinerja Karyawan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 613,
"width": 80,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 627,
"width": 428,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tenaga kerja yang biasa disebut dengan SDM, ialah aset organisasi yang tidak dapat digantikan. Meskipun teknologi dan persiapan yang canggih, peran profesional manusia tetap tak tergantikan. SDM memiliki peran kunci dalam menentukan kemajuan atau kemunduran suatu organisasi, perusahaan, instansi atau departemen (Huzain, 2021).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 680,
"width": 428,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia adalah perusahaan dari Grup Yorozu yang mempunyai cabang di Indonesia. Produksi suku cabang untuk kendaraan roda empat di kerjakan oleh perusahaan ini. PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia dijalankan untuk pertama saat di DKI Jakarta tahun 2012. Akan tetapi perushaan ini pada 2013 pindah ke Kabupaten Karawang. Lokasi sekarang ada di Jl. Mitra Industri Karawang di Mitra Selatan IV, Parungmulya, Kecamatan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 83,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fahira dkk, (2024)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 404,
"top": 53,
"width": 103,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 5673-5682",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 793,
"width": 25,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5674",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 428,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ciampel, Kabupaten Karawang. (Irpan Hidayat, 2022). Sesudah melakukan wawancara singkat di PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia, diketahui bahwa beberapa pekerja tidak melaksanakan kinerja terbaik mereka. Sebab kinerja berkaitan dengan tujuan startegis organisasi, hasil kerja kinerja karyawan akan berdampak pada kinerja organisasi. Sebaliknya, jika kapasitas dan efesiensi usaha akan meningkat sebagai hasil dari peningkatan kinerja karyawan. (Aryani et al., 2022).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 153,
"width": 428,
"height": 93,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kinerja yang tinggi tergantung pada kesadaran masing-masing manajemen untuk meningkatkan kinerja karyawannya dengan cara mendukungnya dalam bentuk suasana kerja yang menyenangkan, meningkatkan motivasi kerja, dan memberikan kompensasi yang adil dan standar kerja yang tinggi kepada setiap karyawan. Namun kenyataannya, perusahaan kurang menekankan pada pengelolaan SDM yang baik, walaupun SDM mempunyai pengaruh yang terlalu besar terhadap keberhasilan suatu perusahaan (Aromega et al., 2019). Kompensasi ialah salah satu bagian yang mempengaruhi kurangnya kinerja karyawan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 247,
"width": 429,
"height": 147,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Satu bagian manajemen sumber daya manusia ialah pemberian kompensasi, yang mengacu pada semua jenis penghargaan kepada individu sebagai imbalan atas kinerja mereka dalam mencapai tujuan perusahaan. Tawaran kompensasi harus adil dan masuk akal bagi karyawan. Adil dan wajar berarti kompensasi dan gaji yang diterima karyawan agar dapat bertahan hidup, dan pemberian balas jasa, serta tanggung jawab minimal setiap pekerjaan, guna meningkatkan operasional usaha semaksimal mungkin (Yulandri, 2021). Pada PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia pemberian kompensasi belum sesuai beban pekerjaan seperti penelitian dari (Aromega et al., 2019) dengan hasil yaitu belum ada kesesuaian antara pemberian kompensasi dengan beban pekerjaan, kompensasi merupakan satu hal yang sangat berpengaruh dalam pekerjaan maka dari itu karyawan PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia menganggap bahwa gaji diberikan terhadap sangat sepadan dengan pekerjaan yang dijalankan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 394,
"width": 428,
"height": 134,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pemberian kompensasi pada PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia sudah sesuai dengan UMR Kab.Karawang yang saat ini mencapai Rp. 5.200.000. Disiplin dalam hal ini juga turut berpengaruh terhadap kinerja suatu perusahaan. Apabila pegawai lebih disiplin maka kinerja dan hasil kerja perusahan akan lebih baik. Salah satu kekuatan operasional pengelolaan SDM ialah disiplin, sangat penting karena tingkat disiplin pegawai terkait dengan tingkat prestasi mereka. Tanpa disiplin pegawai perusahaan tidak akan dapat mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan. (Agus Dwi Cahya, 2021). Berdasarkan penelitian (Suroso , 2023) didapatkan hasil yaitu ada dampak signifikan dan positif dari kompensasi kerja terhadap kinerja driver gojek di kabupaten. Namun berdasarkan penjelasan dari (Aromega, 2019) dalam penelitiannya didapatkan hasil yaitu kompensasi tidak berdampak pada kinerja karyawan di Yuta Hotel Manado.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 529,
"width": 428,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia Hasil survei pertama menunjukkan tingkat kedisiplinan karyawan sangat rendah sehingga menyebabkan kinerja karyawan PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia mengalami penurunan ini selaras akan penelitian dari (Agus Dwi Cahya et al., 2021) dengan hasil yaitu ada kompensasi yang tidak baik pada tingkat absensi karyawan.dan tingkat kedisiplinan PT pada warung padang upik. buruknya kinerja dibuktikan dengan data sebagai berikut",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 162,
"top": 609,
"width": 310,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 1. Data Absesnsai Karyawan PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 704,
"width": 428,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber : HRD PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia Terlihat bahwa ketidak hadiran karyawan masih terlihat ada. Pegawai yang datang terlambat untuk bekerja dan masih ada beberapa yang tersisa jarang masuk kerja, itu bisa dilakukan berdampak pada kinerja ditugaskan pada karyawan. Sementara kondisi sebelum",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 83,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fahira dkk, (2024)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 404,
"top": 53,
"width": 103,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 5673-5682",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 793,
"width": 25,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5675",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 429,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "disiplin kerja dan remunerasi, tidak sedikit karyawan yang tidak patuh terhadap aturan dan sering terlambat atau meninggalkan pekerjaan lebih awal. Namun, setelah adanya konsekuensi yang jelas terhadap kinerja, seperti upah di potong, kinerja dan kedisiplinan karyawan meningkat secara signifikan (Yeremia & Nuridin, 2022). Berdasarkan penelitian (Jufrizen, 2021) didapatkan hasil yaitu disiplin kerja dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan , diwarung padang upik memiliki pengaruh signifikan dan positif. Namun berdasarkan penelitian (Agus Dwi Cahya, 2021) menemukan bahwa disiplin terhadap kinerja karyawan diwarung padang upik.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 180,
"width": 428,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan menurut studi yang dilakukan oleh (Yuliana Alisya Rumambi et al., 2019) dengan hasil yaitu kinerja karyawan pada PT Samudra Mulia Abadi Manado secara positif dan signifikan dipengaruhi oleh kompensasi dan disiplin kerja.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 233,
"width": 96,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Tinjauan Pustaka",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 247,
"width": 75,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Kompensasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 260,
"width": 430,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut (Asir et al., 2022) Salah satu tanggung jawab bagian manajemen sumber daya manusia (SDM) yaitu kompensasi, yang mengambil segala jenis imbalan yang diterima seseorang sebagai imbalan atas penyelesaian tugas organisasi. Menurut (Andani, 2021) Kompensasi merupakan hal yang mengacu pada imbalan moneter dan non-moneter yang diberikan untuk perusahaan kepada karyawannya. Sebagaimana dinyatakan (Firmandari, 2014) Kompensasi mengambil segala sesuatu yang diberikan terhadap karyawan kami sebagai upah dan kemampuan mereka ditempat kerja. Setiap perusahaan memiliki system kompensasi individual yang setara dengan tujuan, visi dan misi.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 367,
"width": 428,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mengacu pada pemaparan sebelumnya, bisa kita simpulkan bahwa yang dimaksudkan kompensasi dalam penelitian ini ialah imbalan berupa uang dan non-uang yang diberikan perusahaan kepada karyawannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 408,
"width": 428,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut (Andani, 2021), ada 4 indikator kompensasi : 1. Insentif, 2. Gaji 3.Upah 4. Benefit and service.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 448,
"width": 77,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Disiplin kerja",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 462,
"width": 429,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut (Andani, 2021) Disiplin kerja adalah kesiapan untuk mengikuti aturan dilingkungan kerja. Disiplin kerja sangat mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan. Menurut (Ery Teguh Prasetyo, 2019) Disiplin kerja ialah cara menejer berkomunikasi dengan karyawan, memotivasi, dan memastikan kepatuhan terhadap aturan. Ini digunakan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan motivasi induvidu dalam kinerja. Menurut (Raymond et al., 2023) Disiplin kerja mengacu pada sikap menghormati, menaati, dan mematuhi segala peraturan yang ditetapkan perusahaan. Menurut (Andriani, 2020)Disiplin kerja merupakan bagian yang sangat penting ditempat kerja maupun diluar pekerjaan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 569,
"width": 428,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan penjelasan di atas, disiplin kerja dapat didefinisikan sebagai sikap dan harapan seseorang untuk mengikuti dan menaati pada aturan yang berlaku.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 596,
"width": 428,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut (Andriani, 2020) ada empat indikator disiplin kerja: 1. Kepatuhan terhadap peraturan, 2. Mematuhi peraturan perusahaan, 3. Mengikuti peraturan perilaku di tempat kerja, 4. Ikuti peraturan perusahaan lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 649,
"width": 52,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Kinerja",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 663,
"width": 428,
"height": 94,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut (Andani, 2021) kinerja pegawai merupakan capaian hasil oleh pegawai dalam penyelesaian tugas dan tanggung jawabnya dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Menurut (Asir et al., 2022) Kinerja merupakan perilaku seorang pegawai berupa prestasi kerja sesuai dengan tanggung jawabnya. Menurut (Aryani et al., 2022)Kinerja merupakan tugas yang berkaitan dengan tujuan dalam waktu lama organisasi. Setelah hasil kinerja pegawai kurang optimal maka berdampak pada kinerja organisasi. Sebaliknya, ketika apabila kinerja karyawan meningkat, produktivitas dan efektivitas perusahaan meningkat.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 83,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fahira dkk, (2024)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 404,
"top": 53,
"width": 103,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 5673-5682",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 793,
"width": 25,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5676",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 429,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kinerja merupakan hasil kerja seorang pegawai secara keseluruhan dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Misalnya: Maksud atau tujuan, standar, hasil kerja dan standar lain yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya dan disepakati bersama (Cholishoh, 2021)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 126,
"width": 428,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dengan menelaah penjelasan sebelumnya, bisa dipetik kesimpulan bahwa hasil penelitian ini yaitu suatu hasil proses dengan diacu, diukur dalam kurun waktu tertentu dan atas dasar yang ditentukan atau disepakati",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 166,
"width": 428,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut (Cholishoh, 2021), kinerja memiliki indikator yang terdiri dari: a. Ketepatan waktu Kinerja pegawai yang maksimal, b.Kualitas, c. Kuantitas, d.Efektifitas.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 206,
"width": 197,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kerangka Berpikir Dan Hipotesis Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 241,
"top": 388,
"width": 118,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 2. Kerangka Pikir Sumber : Peneliti 2023",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 415,
"width": 45,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hipotesis",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 428,
"width": 174,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian ini memiliki hipotesis, yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 442,
"width": 428,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H1: Terdapat pengaruh parsial Kompensasi terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT Yorozu Automotive Indoneia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 469,
"width": 428,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H2: Terdapat pengaruh parsial Disiplin Kerja terdapat Kinerja Karyawan pada PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 495,
"width": 428,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "H3: Terdapat pengaruh silmutan Kompensasi dan Disiplin kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 535,
"width": 101,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Metode Penelitian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 549,
"width": 428,
"height": 107,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Penelitian verifikatif ditujukan dalam rangka melihat hubungan beberapa variabel ( Duwi Priyatno, 2018:107.). Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantiatif dan metode analisis regresi berganda. Ini adalah analisis yang mengevaluasi beberapa variabel bebas yang secara simultan atau parsial terhadap variabel terikat memiliki pengaruh signifikan. 176 orang karyawan PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia adalah subjek penelitian ini. Sehingga total sampel penelitian ini adalah 122 orang. Dengan tingkat kesalahan 5% karena penarikan sampel jumlahnya refresentatif atau dapat mewakili agar hasilnya dapat digeneralisasikan dan perhitungannya dapat dibuat kesimpulannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 656,
"width": 221,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Rumus slovin untuk menentikan sempel adalah :",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 229,
"top": 673,
"width": 9,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "𝑛",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 669,
"width": 349,
"height": 88,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "# $%# (') ) Di mana: Keterangan: N: total populasi n : total responden/ sampel e : taraf persentase kesalahan yang diinginkan dengan populasi dan presisi 5%",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 83,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fahira dkk, (2024)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 404,
"top": 53,
"width": 103,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 5673-5682",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 793,
"width": 25,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5677",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 184,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jumlah populasi yang ditetapkan adalah: Diketahui: N : 176",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 157,
"top": 112,
"width": 29,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "e : 5%",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 126,
"width": 33,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Maka:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 250,
"top": 138,
"width": 96,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "𝑛 = 176 1 + 176 (0,05) 2 𝑛 = 176",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 298,
"top": 181,
"width": 21,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1,44",
"type": "Picture"
},
{
"left": 278,
"top": 193,
"width": 39,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "𝑛 = 122",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 219,
"width": 122,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Hasil Dan Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 232,
"width": 57,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Validitas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 124,
"top": 246,
"width": 351,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 3. Hasil Uji Variabel Kompensasi, Disiplin Kerja, Dan Kinerja Karyawan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 405,
"width": 429,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berlandaskan temuan tersebut, koefisien korelasi tiga variable di atas yang menerangkan jikalau validitas semua instrumen karena memenuhi nilai r tabel sebesar 0,361.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 446,
"width": 68,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Reliabilitas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 459,
"width": 428,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bagian ini mengevaluasi konsistensi instrumen. Instrumen dianggap reliabel ketika Cronbach’s Alpha bias melebihi angka 0,6, maka instrumen dianggap handal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 486,
"width": 131,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 4. Hasil Uji Reliabilitas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 625,
"width": 428,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mengacu pada data tersebut, ketiga variabel ini dinyatakan reliable dikarenakan ada Cronbach’s Alpha memiliki nilai yang melebihi angka 0,6.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 665,
"width": 71,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Normalitas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 678,
"width": 428,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pelaksanaan uji ini mempunyai tujuan spesifik guna memeriksa apakah model regresi dan variabel yang sifatnya bebas serta variable yang sifatnya terikat mengikuti distribusi normal, menggunakan Unstandarized Residual Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Distribusi dianggap normal jika nilai Sign > 0,05.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 234,
"top": 732,
"width": 131,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 5. Hasil Uji Normalitas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 83,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fahira dkk, (2024)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 404,
"top": 53,
"width": 103,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 5673-5682",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 793,
"width": 25,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5678",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 178,
"top": 199,
"width": 201,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sumber:Hasil Pengolahaan Data, SPSS 2024",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 213,
"width": 428,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel diatas menerangkan jikalau nilai signifikan Unstandarize Residual Kolmogorob Sminov sebesar 0,070 > 0,05. Jadi, pendistribusiannya ditetapkan normal.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 253,
"width": 96,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Multikolinieritas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 267,
"width": 428,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengujian ini mempunyai tujuan spesifik guna mengevaluasi korelasi kuat. Tidak ada multikolinieritas jika VIP < 10 dan nilai Tolerance > 0,1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 233,
"top": 294,
"width": 132,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 6. Uji Multikolinieritas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 414,
"width": 428,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel menerangkan jikalau nilai VIF variable kompensasi (X1) dan variable disiplin kerja (X2) yakni 1,214< 10 serta tolerancenya bernilai 0,824> 0,1. Jadi multikolinieritas tidak timbul.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 454,
"width": 107,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Heteroskedastisitas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 208,
"top": 589,
"width": 182,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Gambar 3. Hasil Uji Heteroskedastisitas",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 603,
"width": 429,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tidak ada keberadaan heteroskedastisitas pada penelitian ini, yang diperlihatkan oleh pengujian tersebut. Selain itu titik-titik data tersebar merata pada , sumbu Y disekitar angka nol, tanpa adanya kejelasan pola.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 656,
"width": 294,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Analisis Regresi Berganda Tabel 7. Hasil Uji Regresi Berganda",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 83,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fahira dkk, (2024)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 404,
"top": 53,
"width": 103,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 5673-5682",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 793,
"width": 25,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5679",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 218,
"width": 428,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebagai hasil dari perhitungan koefisien regresi, kita menent`ukan konstanta 15,195, sedangkan koefisien , b1 , memiliki nilai sejumlah 0,477 dan koefisien b2 , sebesar 0,206 dengan demikian, persamaan yang dihasilkan. Y= a+ b1X1 + b2X2 +e , Y= 15,195 +0,477X1 + 0,206X2 + e",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 299,
"width": 79,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji t (Uji Parsial)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 230,
"top": 312,
"width": 140,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 8. Hasil Uji t (Uji Parsial)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 465,
"width": 429,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Variabel , Kompensasi (X1) dalam mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan , (Y) memperoleh sig. sejumlah , 0,000 <0,05. Selanjutnya berdasarkan uji ini yaitu t-hitung >t-tabel(9,733>1,979), Artinya Variabel kompensasi (X1) terdapat Kinerja Karyawan (Y) mempengaruhi variabel secara parsial.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 519,
"width": 429,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Nila sig yang didapatkan dari pengaruh variabel Disiplin kerja (X2) terdapat kinerja karyawan (Y) yaitu 0,00 < 0,05. Selanjutnya berdasarkan uji t memperoleh t-hitung >t-tabel (4,776 > 1,979), Makannya, variabel disiplin kerja (X2) dipengaruhi oleh variabel Kinerja Karyawan (Y) secara parsial.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 586,
"width": 82,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "UJi Simultan Uji F",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 231,
"top": 600,
"width": 136,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tabel 9. Hasil Uji Simultan (F)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 742,
"width": 392,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan output diatas diketahui F hitung dengan nilai 95,044dengan signifikansi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 83,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fahira dkk, (2024)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 404,
"top": 53,
"width": 103,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 5673-5682",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 793,
"width": 25,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5680",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 85,
"width": 428,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "yang bernilai 0.000 < 0,005. nilai Fhitung i n i > Ftabel (95,044 > 3,07), sehingga bisa didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa secara simultan ada pengaruh Kompensasi dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 139,
"width": 118,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Uji Koefisien Determinasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 153,
"width": 399,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fungsinya ialah memahami persentase atas pengaruh kedua variable secara bersamaan. Tabel 10. Uji Koefisien Determinasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 286,
"width": 428,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Mengacu pada data tersebut didapatkan bahwa R Square 0,615 dari Kompensasi (X1) dan Disiplin Kerja (X2) terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Y) memberi kontribusi sejumlah 61,5%. Sementara sebagiannya lagi yaitu 38,5% dipengaruhi faktor lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 340,
"width": 64,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pembahasan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 353,
"width": 429,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian secara parsial dapat ditarik kesimpulan yaitu ada pengaruh positif dari variabel Kompensasi (X1) terhadap varibel Kinerja Karyawan(Y) pada PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia. Hal ini dapat diperhatikan berdasarkan pengujian yang mendapatkan sig. sejumlah 0,000 < 0,05. Selanjutnya, berdasarkan uji yang diperoleh thitung > ttabel (9,733> 1,979), maka secara empiris bisa didapatkan kesimpulan yaitu terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan dari variabel Kompensasi(X1).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 439,
"width": 429,
"height": 84,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian secara parsial dapat ditarik kesimpulan terdapat pengaruh positif dari variabel Disiplin kerja (X2) terhadap varibel Kinerja Karyawan (Y) pada PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia. Ini bisa diperhatikan dari hasil uji mendapatkan 3,07< 0,05. Selanjutnya, berdasarkan uji t diperoleh thitung > ttabel (4,776> 1,979), maka secara empiris bisa didapatkan kesimpulan yaitu ada pengaruh signifikan dan positif dari variabel disiplin kerja (X2).",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 523,
"width": 429,
"height": 81,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian Secara simultan terdapat pengaruh signifikan dari kompensasi dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia. Karena hasil uji menyatakan Nilai signifikansi F hitung yaitu sejumlah 95,044 dan Tingkat signifikasi bernilai 0,000 < 0,05. Nilai ini memperlihatkan bahwa Fhitung> Ftabel (95,044 > 3,07). Sehingga terbukti bahwa secara simultan Kompensasi dan Disiplin Kerja mempengaruhi Kinerja Karyawan PT Yorozu Automotive Indonesia.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 618,
"width": 56,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5. Penutup Kesimpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 645,
"width": 429,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Variabel kompensasi berdampak parsial pada variabel kinerja karyawan, karena didapatkan sig. dengan nilai 0,000 < 0,05. Penelitian ini didapatkan hasil yaitu 9,733 lebih besar dari 1,979, atau t-hitung > t-tabel.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 685,
"width": 429,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Variabel disiplin kerja mempengaruhi variabel kinerja karyawan secara parsial, karena didapatkan sig. dengan nilai 0,000 <0,05 serta bahwa 4,776 lebih besar dari 1,979, atau t- hitung > t-tabel.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 726,
"width": 429,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Ditunjukkan oleh F hitung 95,044 > F tabel 3,07 dan signifikasi 0,000 < 0,05. Maknanya, kompensasi dan disiplin kerja secaraa bersamaan memengaruhi tingkat kinerja karyawan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 83,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fahira dkk, (2024)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 404,
"top": 53,
"width": 103,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 5673-5682",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 793,
"width": 25,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5681",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 99,
"width": 43,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Implikasi",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 112,
"width": 428,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hasil penelitian kini menunjukkan bahwa orang-orang yang akan melakukan penelitian serupa atau lebih lanjut harus mempertimbangkan hal-hal berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 139,
"width": 429,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1. Perusahaan dapat memperhatikan bahwa kompensasi yang terbilang perlu ditingkatkan sehingga para pegawai bisa memiliki disiplin kerja yang baik. Selain itu harus terus ditingkatkan pemberian kompensasi baik secara finansial baik secara finansial maupun non finansial. Peningkatan disiplin kerja, meskipun sudah masuk dalam kategori cukup, terutama dalam hal kepatuhan terhadap peraturan perusahaan; dan peningkatan kompensasi, meskipun sudah masuk dalam kategori baik.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 220,
"width": 429,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk mengembangkan ilmu Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia khususnya dampak dari kompensasi terhadap tingkat kedisiplinan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 247,
"width": 429,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3. Variabel tambahan dapat digunakan sebagai referensi untuk penelitian berikutnya oleh peneliti.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 287,
"width": 70,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Daftar Pustaka",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 301,
"width": 428,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Agus Dwi Cahya, Ocsalino Damare, & Catur Harjo. (2021). Pengaruh Kompensasi dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Warung Padang Upik. Jurnal Sinar Manajemen , 8 (2), 105–115. https://doi.org/10.56338/jsm.v8i2.1645",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 341,
"width": 428,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andani, juli dwi. (2021). Pengaruh Kompensasi Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan RSU HIDAYAH DELI TUA.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 367,
"width": 428,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Andriani. (2020). Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja dan Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Satpol PP di Kecamatan Cipayung DKI Jakarta.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 394,
"width": 428,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aromega, T. N., Kojo, C., & Lengkong, V. P. K. (2019). Pengaruh Kompensasi Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Di Yuta Hotel Manado. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi , 7 (1), 741–750.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 435,
"width": 428,
"height": 26,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Aryani, F., Hardiyana, A., Satria, R. O., & Nurhadian, A. F. (2022). Pengaruh Kompetensi dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Pegawai. Acman: Accounting and Management Journal ,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 462,
"width": 229,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 (2), 158–163. https://doi.org/10.55208/aj.v2i2.48",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 475,
"width": 429,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Asir, M., Yusuf, M., & Ardianto, R. (2022). The Impact Of Compensation, Motivation And Job Satisfaction On Employee Performance In The Company: A Review Literature Universitas PGRI Semarang 1 , Universitas Cipasung Tasikmalaya 2 , Politeknik LP3I Makassar 3 STIA Bandung 4 , Universitas Pertiwi 5 su. Management Studies and Entrepreneurship Journal ,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 529,
"width": 428,
"height": 53,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3 (6), 2022. http://journal.yrpipku.com/index.php/msej Bintoro. (2019). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan , 9 (2), 952– 962. Cholishoh, A. (2021). Pengaruh Beban Kerja Dan Stres Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Studi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 582,
"width": 428,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kasus Pt. Indoexim Internatonal) . Ery Teguh Prasetyo, P. M. (2019). Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine , 15 (3), 190.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 623,
"width": 429,
"height": 39,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "https://doi.org/10.2310/8000.2013.131108 Firmandari, N. (2014). Pengaruh Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Motivasi Kerja Sebagai Variabel Moderasi (Studi Pada Bank Syariah Mandiri Kantor Cabang Yogyakarta).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 663,
"width": 90,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ekbisi , IX (1), 25–34.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 676,
"width": 428,
"height": 27,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Huzain, H. (2021). Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Manusia. Paper Knowledge . Toward a Media History of Documents , 3 (2), 6.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 703,
"width": 429,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Illanisa, N., Zulkarnaen, W., & Suwarna, A. (2019). Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Sekolah Dasar Islam Binar Indonesia Bandung. Sain Ekonomi Manajemen & Akuntansi Riviu , 143 , 16–25.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 744,
"width": 428,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Irpan Hidayat. (2022). Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 50,
"width": 83,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Fahira dkk, (2024)",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 404,
"top": 53,
"width": 103,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 5673-5682",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 287,
"top": 793,
"width": 25,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5682",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 85,
"width": 305,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Karyawan Pt Yorozu Automotive Indonesia Di Kabupaten Karawang.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 99,
"width": 429,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Jufrizen, J. (2021). Pengaruh Fasilitas Kerja Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Motivasi Kerja. Sains Manajemen , 7 (1), 35–54. https://doi.org/10.30656/sm.v7i1.2277 Raymond, Siregar, D. L., Dasa Putri, A., Gita indrawan, M., & Simanjuntak, J. (2023). Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja dan Beban Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT Tanjung Mutiara Perkasa. Jurnal Sistem Informasi & Bisnis , 1–92.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 166,
"width": 428,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yeremia, R., & Nuridin, N. (2022). Pengaruh Kompensasi Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pt. Mitra Adiperkasa, Tbk. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Krisnadwipayana , 10 (1), 401–412. https://doi.org/10.35137/jmbk.v10i1.669 Yulandri, O. (2021). Pengaruh Kompensasi dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Warung Padang Upik. Economics and Digital Business Review , 2 (2), 214–221. https://doi.org/10.37531/ecotal.v2i2.86",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 247,
"width": 428,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Yuliana Alisya Rumambi, Rosalina A M Kolengan, & Lucky O H Ditolung. (2019). Pengaruh",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 260,
"width": 400,
"height": 40,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kompensasi Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Pt. Samudra Mulia Abadi Manado. Jurnal EMBA , 7 (4), 5831–5840. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/emba/article/view/26518",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 301,
"width": 428,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "LatifM., SurosoS., & KarnamaM. (2023). Pengaruh Kompensasi dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja pada Driver Gojek di Kabupaten Karawang. El-Mal: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi & Bisnis Islam , 5 (3), 1798-1808. https://doi.org/10.47467/elmal.v5i3.5014 Duwi Priyatno. (2018). SPSS Panduan Mudah Olah Data Bagi Mahasiswa & Umum (Giovanny, Ed.). Penerbit ANDI.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 367,
"width": 428,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kumba Digdowiseiso. (2017). Metodologi Penelitian Ekonomi Dan Bisnis (Suharyono, Ed.).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 381,
"width": 191,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Lembaga Penerbitan Universitas Nasional.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
ab8860cd-a137-4491-4081-001fb80b86c7 | http://ejournal.iainpalopo.ac.id/index.php/alamwal/article/download/203/182 | [
{
"left": 101,
"top": 88,
"width": 396,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "KERAHASIAAN BANK: SUATU TINJAUAN DALAM ATURAN HUKUM PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDOESIA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 265,
"top": 121,
"width": 69,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Miftah Idris .*",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 148,
"width": 428,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Abstract : Islamic Banking is part of the financial and payment system of a country and its existence depends absolutely on the confidence of the customers who entrust their deposits in the Islamic Banking, so the bank secrecy is necessary to maintain it. Bank secrecy as defined under the Act is everything related to the financial and other matters of bank customers in the ordinary course of banking world shall be kept confidential in this case Islamic banking. In this paper there would discuss how was the actual secrecy Islamic bank in Indonesia in accordance with the applicable law and how it was applied in the field. This was written to determine the scope of bank secrecy in Islamic banking and exceptions set out in secrecy banks in Islamic banking in Indonesia .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 268,
"width": 350,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Keyword : Bank Secrecy, the Rule of Law, and the Indonesian Islamic Banking .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 295,
"width": 65,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pendahuluan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 313,
"width": 201,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut sejarah, penerapan keraha- siaan bank sama tuanya dengan perkem- bangan perbankan sendiri. Bahkan sudah ada sejak 4000 tahun yang lalu di Babylonia sebagaimana tercantum dalam Code of Hamourabi . Aturan kerahasiaan bank yang dalam perkembangannya juga diakui sebagai bagian dari hak asasi manusia yang ber- fungsi untuk melindungi rahasia pribadi orang tersebut ( right of privacy ) serta keuangannya ( financial privacy ). Bahkan mengenai rahasia bank ini di berbagai negara telah masuk dalam konstitusi atau undang-undang yang tujuannya adalah untuk menciptakan kepercayaan masyarakat yang menyimpan uangnya di bank. 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 515,
"width": 201,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada zaman abad pertengahan keten- tuan semacam kerahasiaan bank itu telah diatur pada peraturan perundangan, bahkan di kerajaan Jerman pada saat itu telah diatur dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Per- data. Dengan berkembanganya perdagangan dan ambruknya feodalisme dalam perta- rungan yang semakin sengit untuk mem-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 632,
"width": 201,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "* Dosen Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Luwuk Banggai dan Kandidat Doktor pada Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, E-mail: miftahidris@ rocket mail.com dan miftah.idris@mail. ugm. ac.id, Phone: 081392921986",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 705,
"width": 201,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1 Heru Supraptomo, 2005, Terobosan Hukum dalam Rahasia Bank, artikel dalam Jurnal Hukum Bisnis, Yayasan Pengembangan Hukum Bisnis, Jakarta: hlm. 26.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 294,
"width": 201,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "perjuangkan hak-hak individu, kepercayaan kepada kebijaksanaan lembaga perbankan untuk merahasiakan keterangan-keterangan mengenai soal-soal keuangan, dan pribadi nasabah-nasabahnya menjadi suatu kebu- tuhan yang tidak bisa ditawar-tawar lagi bagi perlindungan hak milik pribadi dan bagi kalangan praktik perdagangan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 395,
"width": 201,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menjelang pertengahan abad ke-19, boleh dikatakan semua pemerintah di Eropa Barat telah mensahkan asas kerahasiaan bank, dan semenjak itu undang-undang serupa telah diberlakukan di setiap negara yang menghendaki sistem perbankan yang tertib. 2",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 484,
"width": 201,
"height": 200,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tidak jauh berbeda dengan yang ada di negara-negara lain, di Indonesia, tugas bank dalam mencapai tujuan pembangunan nasional yaitu mewujudkan masyarakat yang adil dan makmur berdasarkan Pancasila dan Undang–Undang Dasar 1945. Selain itu, bank mempunyai peran yang sangat penting yang perannya diatur dalam aturan hukum perbankan yang ada di Indonesia. Sebab, sebagai salah satu motor penggerak pem- bangunan bangsa, lembaga perbankan mem- punyai peran yang sangat strategis karena bank mempunyai fungsi intermediasi untuk menghimpun dana dari masyarakat sebagai nasabah dalam bentuk simpanan dan menya- lurkan kembali dana tersebut dalam bentuk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 705,
"width": 200,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2 Muhammad Djumhana, 1996, Rahasia Bank (Ketentuan dan Penerapannya) di",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 730,
"width": 201,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesia, PT Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung: hlm. 112.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 161,
"top": 45,
"width": 351,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Miftah Idris , Kerahasiaan Bank: Suatu Tinjauan dalam Aturan Hukum…. 1",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 263,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pinjaman kepada masyarakat yang mem- butuhkannya. Bank diharap dapat menye- rasikan, menyelaraskan menyeimbangkan unsur pemerataan pembangunan dan hasil- hasilnya, pertumbuhan ekonomi dan stabi- litas nasional yang pada akhirnya mengarah kepada peningkatan taraf hidup masyarakat banyak. Bank di Indonesia merupakan bagian dari sistem keuangan dan sistem pembayaran suatu negara. Pada era globali- sasi, bank juga telah menjadi bagian dari sistem keuangan dan sistem pembayaran dunia. Mengingat hal yang demikian itu, maka begitu suatu bank telah memperoleh ijin berdiri dan beroperasi dari otoritas moneter dari negara yang bersangkutan, bank tersebut menjadi milik masyarakat. Oleh karena itu eksistensinya bukan saja hanya harus dijaga oleh para pemilik bank itu sendiri dan pengurusnya, tetapi juga oleh masyarakat nasional dan global.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 353,
"width": 201,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bank merupakan lembaga keuangan yang eksistensinya tergantung mutlak pada kepercayaan dari para nasabahnya yang mempercayakan dana simpanan mereka pada bank. Oleh karena itu bank sangat berkepentingan agar tingkat kepercayaan masyarakat, yang telah maupun yang akan menyimpan dananya, terpelihara dengan baik dalam tingkat yang tinggi. Mengingat bank adalah bagian dari sistem keuangan dan sistem pembayaran, yang masyarakat luas berkepentingan atas kesehatan dari sistem-sistem tersebut, sedangkan keper- cayaan masyarakat kepada bank merupakan unsur paling pokok dari eksistensi suatu bank, maka terpeliharanya kepercayaan masyarakat kepada perbankan adalah juga kepentingan masyarakat banyak. 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 581,
"width": 201,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Meskipun demikian, untuk membukti- kan eksistensi suatu bank juga dapat dilihat dengan mencari bagaimana kerahasiaan bank tersebut, namun pada umumnya sistem kerahasiaan bank yang ada di Indonesia hampir semuanya sama persis dalam pene- rapannya baik itu perbankan konvensional dan perbankan syariah. Bagaimana tidak,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 705,
"width": 201,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3 Andrian Sutedi, 2007, Hukum Perbankan: Suatu Tinjauan Pencucian Uang, Merger, Likuidasi, dan Kepailitan, Sinar Grafika, Jakarta: hlm. 1.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 414,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "kerahasiaan setiap bank-bank tersebut adalah suatu keharusan yang ada dalam aturan setiap bank. Dengan adanya ketentuan kerahasiaan bank ini menimbul- kan kesan bagi masyarakat, bahwa bank bisa jadi sengaja merahasiakan sumber keuangan nasabahnya yang tidak sehat dari sorotan masyarakat yang ingin mencari tahu. Sehingga selama ini timbul kesan bahwa dalam sistem perbankan itu sendiri timbul kesan bahwa bank bersembunyi di balik kerahasiaan bank untuk melindungi kepen- tingan nasabahnya yang belum tentu benar. Persepsi yang berbeda dari masyarakat akan perbankan syariah justru berbeda dengan konvensional, bagaimana tidak, sebab nilai yang dibawa oleh perbankan syariah adalah nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam Islam yang jauh dari nilai kemudharatan secara prinsipnya. Sehingga masyarakat Indonesia yang dominan Islam kebanyakan berang- gapan bahwa dengan sumber keuangan yang sehat dari nasabah tersebut sebaiknya disimpan di bank yang memiliki sistem kerahasiaan bank yang sehat juga. Terlepas dari keyakinan tersebut, jika bank benar- benar melindungi kepentingan nasabahnya yang jujur dan bersih, maka hal itu merupakan suatu keharusan dan kepatutan. Sebab, ketentuan kerahasiaan bank meru- pakan suatu hal yang sangat penting bagi nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya mau- pun kepentingan bagi bank itu sendiri. 4",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 505,
"width": 201,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Meskipun demikian, Ketentuan kera- hasiaan bank yang ada di Indonesia diatur di dalam Undang-Undang Perbankan, selanjut- nya disebut UUP. Dengan adanya undang- undang tersebut, bertujuan untuk meng- hindari terjadinya penyalahgunaan keuangan nasabah, maka dibuatlah aturan khusus yang melarang bank untuk memberikan informasi tercatat kepada siapapun berkaitan dengan keadaan keuangan nasabah, simpanan dan penyimpanannya sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan sebagaimana diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 kecuali dalam hal-hal tertentu yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 717,
"width": 200,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4 Hermansyah, 2005, Hukum Perbankan Nasional Indonesia, Kencana, Jakarta: hlm. 109- 110.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 45,
"width": 181,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2. Al Amwal, Vol I. No. 1 Maret 2016",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "disebutkan secara tegas di dalam undang- undang tersebut. Terkait dalam aturan ter- sebut, pelanggaran terhadap ketentuan kera- hasiaan bank juga merupakan suatu tindak pidana dan pihak-pihak yang tidak meme- gang teguh ketentuan kerahasiaan bank tersebut dapat dikenakan sanksi pidana.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 176,
"width": 201,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bagi perbankan syariah, ketentuan rahasia bank diatur secara khusus dalam ketentuan Pasal 41 sampai dengan Pasal 49 Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah. Namun, pada Pasal 42 sampai Pasal 48 Undang-Undang Perbankan Syariah, selanjutnya disebut UUPS, mengatur mengenai pengecualian atas berlakunya ketentuan kerahasiaan bank yang tidak jauh berbeda dengan apa yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Perbankan. Sebab pada dasarnya pengaturan ketentuan kerahasiaan bank dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan tidak jauh berbeda dengan peng- aturan ketentuan rahasia bank dalam kegi- atan usaha perbankan konvensional sebagai- mana yang tertuang dalam Undang-Undang Perbankan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 410,
"width": 151,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kerahasiaan Bank di Indonesia",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 426,
"width": 201,
"height": 253,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Menurut Sutan Remy Sjahdeini, 5 Bank adalah suatu lembaga keuangan yang eksistensinya tergantung mutlak pada keper- cayaan dari para nasabah yang mem- percayakan dan dan jasa-jasa lain yang dilakukan mereka melalui bank pada khususnya dan dari masyarakat luas pada umumnya. Oleh karena itu, bank sangat berkepentingan agar kadar kepercayaan masyarakat, yang telah maupun yang akan menyimpan dananya, maupun yang telah atau akan menggunakan jasa-jasa bank lainnya, terpelihara dengan baik dalam tingkat yang tinggi. Mengingat bank adalah bagian dari sistem keuangan dan sistem pembayaran, yang masyarakat luas ber- kepentingan atas kesehatan dari sistem- sistem tersebut, sedangkan kepercayaan masyarakat kepada bank merupakan unsur paling pokok dari eksistensi suatu bank,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 705,
"width": 201,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5 Sutan Remy Sjahdeini, 2006, Rahasia Bank: Berbagai Masalah di Sekitarnya , dalam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 730,
"width": 201,
"height": 21,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hukum Perbankan, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta: hlm. 26-27",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 88,
"width": 199,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "maka terpeliharanya kepercayaan masya- rakat kepada perbankan adalah juga kepen- tingan masyarakat banyak.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 125,
"width": 201,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sedangkan dalam istilah Muhammad Djumhana bahwa rahasia bank adalah segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keuangan dan hal-hal lain dari nasabah bank yang menurut kelaziman dunia perbankan tidak boleh secara terbuka diungkapkan kepada pihak masyarakat. Dalam hubungan ini yang menurut kelaziman wajib dirahasiakan oleh bank, adalah seluruh data dan informasi mengenai segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keuangan, dan hal-hal lain dari orang, dan badan yang diketahui oleh bank karena kegiatan usahanya. 6",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 290,
"width": 201,
"height": 174,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Selain itu, Menurut Munir Fuady me- miliki interpretasi yang berbeda mengenai rahasia bank, menurutnya bahwa rahasia bank adalah hubungan antara bank dengan nasabah ternyata tidaklah seperti hubungan kontraktual biasa. Akan tetapi dalam hu- bungan tersebut terdapat pula kewajiban bagi bank untuk tidak membuka rahasia nasabahnya kepada pihak lain manapun kecuali jika ditentukan lain oleh perundang- undangan yang berlaku. Hal ini dinamakan rahasia bank. Dengan demikian, istilah rahasia bank mengacu pada rahasia dalam hubungan antara bank dengan nasabahnya. 7",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 467,
"width": 201,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam UUP sendiri, kerahasiaan bank diartikan bahwa segala sesuatu yang ber- hubungan dengan keterangan nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya. 8 Sedangkan dalam UUPS kerahasiaan bank diartikan bahwa segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 612,
"width": 201,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6 Muhammad Djumhana, 1996, Rahasia Bank (Ketentuan dan Penerapannya) di Indonesia, PT Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung: hlm.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 649,
"width": 8,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 664,
"width": 201,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "7 Munir Fuady, 1999, Hukum Perbankan Modern Buku Kesatu, PT Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung: hlm. 80",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 705,
"width": 201,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8 Pasal 1 Angka (28) Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": -93,
"width": 356,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Miftah Idris, Kerahasiaan Bank: Suatu Tinjauan dalam Aturan Hukum….3",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 162,
"top": 45,
"width": 350,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Miftah Idris , Kerahasiaan Bank: Suatu Tinjauan dalam Aturan Hukum…. 3",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "penyimpan dan simpanannya serta nasabah dan investor dan investasinya. 9",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 113,
"width": 201,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pada dasarnya terdapat perbedaan dari pengertian rahasia bank dari peraturan- peraturan perundang-undangan mulai dari Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 1967 hingga Undang-undang yang masih berlaku sekarang. Dibawah ini kutipan beberapa pengertian rahasia bank tersebut, yaitu: 10",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 201,
"width": 201,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 14",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 214,
"width": 183,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahun 1967 tentang Pokok-pokok Per- bankan, sebagaimana dalam Pasal 36 menyatakan bahwa:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 105,
"top": 250,
"width": 182,
"height": 75,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "“ Yang dimaksudkan dengan rahasia bank adalah segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keuangan dan lain-lain dari nasabah menurut kelaziman dunia perbankan perlu dirahasiakan .”",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 328,
"width": 201,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Selanjut menurut Pasal 1 Angka 16",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 341,
"width": 183,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan, menyatakan bahwa:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 364,
"width": 202,
"height": 240,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "“ Rahasia bank adalah segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keuangan dan lain-lain dari nasabah bank yang menurut kelaziman dunia perbankan wajib dirahasiakan. ” Dari pengertian di atas, Muhamad Djumhana 11 menafsirkan bahwa ternyata juga masih dirasakan sangat luas karena ada kalimat “ hal-hal lain dari nasabah bank yang menurut kelaziman dunia perbankan wajib dirahasiakan ”. Selanjutnya bahwa dalam penjelasannya disebutkan yang dimaksud dengan menurut kelaziman hal-hal lain yang wajib dirahasiakan oleh bank, yaitu seluruh data dan informasi mengenai segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keuangan, dan hal-hal lain dari orang, dan badan yang diketahui oleh bank karena kegiatan usahanya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 606,
"width": 201,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 10",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 619,
"width": 183,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Tahun 1998 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 658,
"width": 201,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "9 Pasal 1 Angka (14) Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 699,
"width": 201,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "10 Muhamad Djumhana, 2012, Hukum Perbankan di Indonesia, Citra Aditya Bakti, Cetakan ke VI, hlm.158.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 739,
"width": 69,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "11 Ibid, hlm. 159",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 88,
"width": 183,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "tentang Perbankan, Pasal 1 Angka 28 menyatakan bahwa:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 331,
"top": 111,
"width": 182,
"height": 50,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "“ Rahasia bank adalah segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya .”",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 163,
"width": 201,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4) Pasal 1 Angka 14 Undang-undang No 21 tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah, menyatakan bahwa :",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 331,
"top": 199,
"width": 182,
"height": 63,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "“ Rahasia bank adalah segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya serta nasabah investor dan investasinya. ”",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 271,
"width": 123,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teori-Teori Rahasia Bank",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 289,
"width": 201,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berbicara mengenai teori-teori rahasia bank, maka ada ketentuan megenai rahasia bank itu sehingga kemudian menimbulkan kesan bagi masyarakat (nasabah) bahwa bisa juga bahwa bank sendiri sengaja untuk menyembunyikan keadaan keuangan yang tidak sehat dari nasabah debitur, baik orang perorangan, atau perusahaan yang sedang menjadi sorotan masyarakat. 12",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 403,
"width": 201,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sehingga dengan demikian terkadang kepercayaan kepada bank sangat diragukan. Akan tetapi terdapat juga ketentuan bahwa karena rahasia bank yang merupakan suatu hal yang sangat penting bagi nasabah penyimpan maupun simpanannya serta juga bagi kepentingan bank itu sendiri. Sehingga dengan demikian maka rahasia bank juga diperlukan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 517,
"width": 201,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Teori-teori rahasia bank dapat diarti- kan bahwa suatu bank wajib merahasiakan berbagai informasi nasabahnya itu dengan ketentuan yang bersifat mutlak. Selanjutnya dikemukakan dua teori tentang rahasia bank, antara lain: 13",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 593,
"width": 201,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Teori rahasia bank yang bersifat mutlak ( Absolutely Theory ). Maksud dari teori ini bahwa bank mempunyai kewajiban untuk menyimpan rahasia atau kete- rangan-keterangan mengenai nasabah- nya yang diketahui bank karena kegiatan usahanya dalam keadaan apapun juga,",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 699,
"width": 180,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "12 Hermansyah, Hukum Perbankan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 713,
"width": 201,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nasional Indonesia, Kencana Prenada Media Group, Jakarta: hlm. 131-132",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 739,
"width": 84,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "13 Ibid, hlm.132-133",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 44,
"width": 180,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4. Al Amwal, Vol I. No. 1 Maret 2016",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 88,
"width": 184,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dalam keadaan biasa atau dalam keadaan luar biasa. Teori ini menon- jolkan kepentingan individu dan masyarakat yang sering terabaikan.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 138,
"width": 202,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "2) Teori rahasia bank yang bersifat relatif ( Relative Theory ). Menurut teori ini, bank diperbolehkan untuk membuka rahasia atau memberikan keterangan nasabah mengenai nasabahnya, jika untuk kepentingan yang mendesak, misalnya untuk kepentingan negara atau kepentingan hukum.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 239,
"width": 201,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Artinya bahwa adanya pengecualian dari rahasia nasabah itu untuk memung- kinkan bank membuka informasi itu yang berkaitan dengan suatu badan atau instansi diperbolehkan untuk meminta informasi atau keterangan data tentang keuangan nasabah yang bersangkutan sesuai dengan ketentuan peerundang-undangan yang berlaku.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 341,
"width": 201,
"height": 263,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berbeda dengan hal tersebut, dalam ketentuan rahasia bank menurut hukum Inggris merupakan kewajiban perdata atau kewajiban kontraktual, maka pengungkapan- nya yang dilakukan oleh bank berdasarkan persetujuan nasabah sebagai pihak dalam perjanjian bukanlah tindakan ingkar janji ( default ). Namun, dalam hal kewajiban rahasia bank itu bukan merupakan kewa- jiban perdata, tetapi kewajiban pidana, maka terdapat unsur delik, yakni unsur tindak pidana rahasia bank. 14 Dengan tanpa permintaan tertulis atau persetujuan tertulis dari nasabah sebagai pihak dari transaksi keuangan bank merupakan unsur dari tindak pidana yang bersangkutan. Dengan kata lain, apabila memang ada permintaan atau per- setujuan tertulis dari nasabah agar bank mengungkapkan keadaan keuangannya, maka tidak dapat dianggap telah terjadi tindak pidana pengungkapan rahasia bank. 15",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 606,
"width": 201,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Hal yang masih rancu adalah apakah kepentingan umum dapat dikecualikan dari ketentuan rahasia bank. Pengaturan masalah ini juga belum tercakup dalam Undang- Undang Perbankan. Para pakar mengata- kan, bahwa ada atau tidaknya kepentingan umum tidak dapat ditentukan sendiri oleh bank, tetapi harus ditentukan oleh penga-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 722,
"width": 136,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "14 Adrian Sutedi, op. cit., hlm. 14",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 739,
"width": 82,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "15 Ibid., hlm. 14-15.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dilan secara kasuistis. Masalahnya, bagai- mana caranya mendapatkan pendapat penga- dilan, dan sampai sejauh mana pendapat pengadilan (fatwa) mempunyai kekuatan hukum untuk dipatuhi oleh para hakim lain. Untuk menghindari perbedaan pandangan ini, tidak ada jalan lain kecuali harus diatur dengan undang-undang dengan memuat rincian secara detail jenis-jenis, kriteria kepentingan umum dan hal-hal lainnya yang merupakan bagian yang termasuk dalam kepentingan umum. 16",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 246,
"width": 201,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Cakupan Rahasia Bank dalam Kegiatan Usaha Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 277,
"width": 201,
"height": 199,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebagai suatu badan usaha yang dipercayai oleh banyak masyarakat untuk menghimpun dan menyalurkan dananya, sudah sewajarnya bank memberikan jaminan perlindungan kepada nasabahnya berkenan dengan keadaan keuangan nasabah, yang lazimnya dinamakan dengan kerahasiaan bank. 17 Cakupan rahasia dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah diatur dalam ketentuan dalam Pasal 41 Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah yang menentukan sebagai berikut: Bank dan pihak terafiliasi wajib merahasia- kan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyim- pan dan simpanannya serta nasabah inves- tor dan investasinya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 479,
"width": 201,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sejalan dengan ketentuan dalam Pasal 41 UUPS, sebelumnya ketentuan dalam Pasal 1 (14) UUPS merumuskan pengertian rahasia bank dalam kegiatan usaha per- bankan syariah, yaitu: Rahasia bank adalah segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya serta nasabah dan investor dan investasinya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 593,
"width": 201,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dengan demikian, berdasarkan pe- ngertian rahasia bank sebagaimana ter- cantum dalam ketentuan Pasal 1 Angka 14 UUPS, kemudian dihubungkan dengan ketentuan dalam Pasal 41 UUPS, maka jelas bahwa pengertian dan cakupan rahasia bank",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 699,
"width": 66,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "16 Ibid., hlm. 15.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 717,
"width": 201,
"height": 34,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "17 Rachmadi Usman, 2003, Aspek-Aspek Hukum Perbankan di Indonesia, PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta: hlm. 153.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 161,
"top": 46,
"width": 351,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Miftah Idris, Kerahasiaan Bank: Suatu Tinjauan dalam Aturan Hukum…. 5",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah dibatasi, di antaranya:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 113,
"width": 201,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a) Menyangkut segala sesuatu yang ber- hubungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya serta nasabah investor dan investasinya;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 163,
"width": 201,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b) Pada dasarnya bank dan pihak terafiliasi berkewajiban memegang teguh keraha- siaan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya dan nasa- bah investor dan investasinya, kecuali hal itu tidak dilarang oleh undang- undang;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 252,
"width": 201,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c) Karena kepentingan tertentu, informasi mengenai segala sesuatu yang berhu- bungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan beserta dengan simpanannya dan nasabah investor be- serta dengan investasinya dapat dibuka.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 328,
"width": 201,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengertian dan cakupan rahasia bank dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah sebagaimana dikemukakan di atas sejalan dengan pengertian dan cakupan rahasia dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan konven- sional sebagaimana diatur dalam UUP, bahwa ketentuan rahasia bank yang semula mencakup nasabah kreditor dan debitor, telah dibatasi hanya menyangkut nasabah penyimpan dana dan simpanannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 454,
"width": 201,
"height": 175,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sebelumnya berdasarkan Undang- Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992, bahwa ruang lingkup rahasia bank meliputi dana simpa- nan nasabah (nasabah kreditor) dan juga kredit yang diterima oleh nasabah (nasabah debitor), tetapi dewasa ini berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998, ruang lingkup rahasia bank terbatas hanya terhadap identitas nasabah penyimpan di samping keadaan simpanan nasabah yang bersangkutan. Ini berarti yang dilindungi rahasia bank tidak hanya menyangkut simpanannya saja, melainkan juga meliputi identitas nasabah penyimpannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 631,
"width": 201,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bank syariah sebagai lembaga inter- mediasi dalam melaksanakan kegiatan usa- hanya senantiasa bertumpu pada unsur ke- percayaan masyarakat, terutama kepercaya- an nasabah penyimpan dana yang menem- patkan simpanannya dan nasabah investor yang menempatkan dana di Bank Syariah. Sebagai lembaga kepercayaan, maka Bank Syariah dan pihak terafiliasi diwajibkan untuk merahasiakan segala sesuatu yang",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "berhubungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya dan nasabah investor dan investasinya berada pada Bank Syariah. Dengan demikian rahasia bank diperlukan sebagai salah satu faktor untuk menjaga kepercayaan nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya serta nasabah investor dan investasinya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 189,
"width": 201,
"height": 263,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ketentuan rahasia bank, mula-mula diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 sebagai pengganti Undang- Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 1967, yang kemudian diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998. Namun sebelumnya, ketentuan rahasia bank ini diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Prp Tahun 1960 tentang Rahasi Bank. Bila dibandingkan terdapat rumusan pengertian rahasia bank yang berbeda antara Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 dengan Undang- Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998. Semula pengertian rahasia bank diberikan rumusan sebagaimana tersebut dalam ketentuan Pasal 1 Angka 16 Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992, yaitu: Rahasia bank adalah segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keuangan dan hal-hal lain dari nasabah bank yang menurut kelaziman dunia perbankan wajib dirahasiakan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 454,
"width": 201,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Kemudian dalam ketentuan Pasal 40 Ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 menyatakan, bahwa: Bank dilarang memberikan keterangan yang tercatat pada bank tentang keadaan keuangan dan hal-hal lain dari nasabahnya, yang wajib diraha- siakan oleh bank menurut keaziman dalam dunia perbankan, kecuali dalam hal sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 41, 42, 43 dan 44.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 581,
"width": 201,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sementara itu penjelasan atas Pasal 40 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 menguraikan sebagai berikut: Kela- ziman wajib dirahasiakan oleh bank adalah seluruh data dan informasi mengenai segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan ke- uangan dan hal-hal lain dari orang atau badan yang diketahui oleh bank karena kegiatan usahanya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 695,
"width": 201,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Berdasarkan ketentuan dalam Pasal 1 angka 16 dan Pasal 40 ayat (1) Undang- Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 serta di- hubungkan dengan penjelasannya seperti dikemukakan di atas serta dihubungkan lagi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 45,
"width": 180,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 6,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6. Al Amwal, Vol I. No. 1 Maret 2016",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "dengan penjelasan Pasal 40 ayat (1) dalam kata-kata “kerahasiaan itu diperlukan untuk kepentingan bank sendiri yang memerlukan kepercayaan masyarakat yang menyimpan uangnya di bank”, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa lingkup rahasia bank itu mencakup simpanan nasabah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 176,
"width": 201,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Namun bila menyimak kata-kata berikutnya dari penjelasan atas Pasal 40 ayat (1), yaitu “masyarakat hanya akan mempercayakan uangnya kepada bank atau memanfaatkan jasa bank apabila dari bank ada jaminan bahwa pengetahuan bank tentang simpanan dan keadaan keuangan nasabah tidak akan disalahgunakan, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa lingkup rahasia bank bukan hanya menyangkut keadaan keuangan dari nasabah yang menyimpan dana pada bank saja, melainkan pula nasabah lainnya yang menggunakan atau memanfaatkan jasa perbankan selain jasa penyimpanan dana.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 366,
"width": 201,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Ini berarti berdasarkan Undang- Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992, yang dilindungi oleh ketentuan kerahasiaan bank, baik nasabah debitu maupun nasabah kreditor bank serta nasabah bank lainnya yang juga menggunakan atau memanfaatkan layanan jasa bank. Demikian pula yang dirahasiakan tidak terbatas hanya menyang- kut data dan informasi mengenai segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keuangan pada bank yang bersangkutan, melainkan termasuk hal-hal lain dan orang atau badan yang diketahui oleh bank karena kegiatan usahanya, yang wajib pula untuk dirahasia- kan. 18",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 556,
"width": 201,
"height": 123,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Masyarakat merasa tidak puas atas rumusan rahasia bank sebagaimana dirumus- kan dalam Pasal 40 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992, di mana rumusan itu terlalu jauh, karena sampai mencakup kredit bank yang diberikan kepada nasabah. Masyarakat berpendapat bahwa seyogyanya lingkup rahasia bank hanya meliputi dana simpanan nasabah saja (pasiva bank) dan keterangan yang menyangkut penyimpanan-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 705,
"width": 201,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "18 Djoni S. Gozali dan Rachmadi Usman, 2008, Buku Ajar Hukum Perbankan Nasional, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin: hlm. 328-329.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "nya. Lingkup rahasia bank yang meliputi kredit yang diterima oleh nasabah (aktiva bank), dirasakan oleh masyarakat sebagai pemasungan hak masyarakat untuk menge- tahui kredit-kredit macet perbankan yang sangat mempengaruhi kesehatan per- bankan. 19",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 176,
"width": 201,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sehubung dengan itu, rumusan dan ruang lingkup kerahasiaan bank telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998, yang dirumuskan terdapat dalam ketentuan Pasal 1 angka 28 Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998, yaitu “ Rahasia bank adalah segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya ”.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 315,
"width": 201,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Demikian pula ketentuan dalam Pasal 40 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 juga mengalami perubahan dengan rumusan yang baru sebagaimana termuat dalam Pasal 40 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998, sebagai berikut: Bank wajib merahasiakan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 416,
"width": 201,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "simpanannya, kecuali dalam hal sebagai- mana dimaksud dalam Pasal 41, 41A, 42, 43, 44, dan 44A.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 454,
"width": 201,
"height": 175,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Sementara itu, penjelasan atas Pasal 40 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 antara lain menyatakan, bahwa: Apabila nasabah bank adalah nasabah penyimpan yang sekaligus juga sebagai nasabah debitur, bank wajib tetap merahasiakan keterangan tentang nasabah dalam kedu- dukannya sebagai nasabah penyimpan. Keterangan mengenai nasabah selain sebagai nasabah penyimpan, bukan meru- pakan keterangan yang wajib dirahasiakan bank.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 631,
"width": 201,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari ketentuan di atas, dapat diketahui kalau ruang lingkup rahasia dibatasi atau dipersempit, yaitu:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 669,
"width": 201,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "a) Menyangkut keterangan mengenai nasa- bah penyimpan dan simpanannya. Ini berarti tidak termasuk keterangan men-",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 340,
"top": 739,
"width": 169,
"height": 12,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "19 Sutan Remy Sjahdeini, op. cit., hlm. 34.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 161,
"top": 43,
"width": 350,
"height": 13,
"page_number": 7,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Miftah Idris , Kerahasiaan Bank: Suatu Tinjauan dalam Aturan Hukum ….7",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 88,
"width": 181,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "genai nasabah debitur dan pinja- mannya;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 113,
"width": 201,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "b) Pada dasarnya bank dan pihak terafiliasi berkewajiban memegang teguh keraha- siaan keterangan tersebut, kecuali hal itu tidak dilarang oleh undang-undang;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 163,
"width": 201,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "c) Situasi tertentu dalam mana informasi mengenai nasabah penyimpan peserta dengan simpanannya dibolehkan, atau dibenarkan saja dibeberkan oleh pihak yang terkena larangan jika informasi tersebut tergolong pada informasi yang dikecualikan atau informasi nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya tidak termasuk dalam kualifikasi kerahasiaan bank. 20",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 290,
"width": 201,
"height": 326,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dengan demikian Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 telah membatasi atau mem- persempit ruang lingkup rahasia bank hanya berhubungan dengan nasabah penyimpan dana (nasabah kreditor) dan simpanannya dan selebihnya yang berhubungan dengan nasabah peminjam dana (nasabah debitur) dan kredit tidak termasuk yang wajib dirahasiakan oleh bank. Sebenarnya peru- bahan ketentuan rahasia bank ini sangat dilematis di dalam praktiknya. Kalau nama- nama debitur boleh diumumkan oleh bank hanya untuk diketahui masyarakat umum, karena tindakan mengumumkan tersebut tidak dilarang oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998, hal tersebut akan dimanfaat- kan oleh kawan-kawan dagangnya untuk menjatuhkan usahanya, sehingga perusaha- an besar akan berupaya keras untuk meng- usahakan kredit dari bank-bank di luar negeri untuk menghindarkan diumumkannya nama perusahaan yang bersangkutan. Kalau hal ini sampai terjadi, akan merugikan perbankan nasional. 21",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 625,
"width": 201,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pengecualian Rahasia Bank dalam Perbankan Syariah",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 656,
"width": 201,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah secara limitatif menentukan pengecualian atas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 713,
"width": 200,
"height": 20,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "20 Djoni S. Gozali dan Rachmadi Usman, op. cit., hlm. 330.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 742,
"width": 137,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "21 Adrian Sutedi, op. cit., hlm. 8.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 85,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "berlakunya ketentuan rahasia bank dalam kegiatan usaha pebankan syariah. Penge- cualian ketentuan rahasia bank dalam kegia- tan usaha perbankan syariah dimaksud diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 42 sampai dengan Pasal 48 Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008, yang menetapkan sebagai berikut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 182,
"width": 42,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pasal 42",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 201,
"width": 201,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(1) Untuk kepentingan penyidikan pidana perpajakan, pimpinan Bank Indonesia atas permintaan Menteri Keuangan berwenang mengeluarkan perintah tertulis kepada bank agar mem- berikan keterangan dan memper- lihatkan bukti tertulis serta surat mengenai keadaan keuangan Nasa- bah Penyimpan atau Nasabah Invetor tertentu kepada pejabat pajak. (2) Perintah tertulis sebagaimana dimaksud ayat (1) harus menyebutkan mana penjabat pajak, nama nasabah wajib pajak, dan kasus yang dikehen- daki keterangannya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 397,
"width": 42,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pasal 43",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 415,
"width": 201,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(1) Untuk kepentingan peradilan dalam perkara pidana, pimpinan Bank Indonesia dapat memberikan izin kepada polisi, jaksa, hakim, atau penyidik lain yang diberi wewenang berdasarkan undang-undang untuk memperoleh keterangan dari bank mengenai simpanan atau investasi tersangka atau terdakwa pada Bank.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 529,
"width": 201,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(2) Izin sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) diberikan secara tertulis atas permintaan tertulis dari kepala Kepo- lisian Negara Republik Indonesia, Jaksa Agung, Ketua Mahkamah Agung, atau pimpinan instansi yang diberi wewenang untuk melakukan penyidikan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 630,
"width": 201,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(3) Permintaan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) harus menyebutkan nama dan jabatan penyidik, jaksa, atau hakim, nama tersangka atau terdakwa, alasan diperlukannya kete- rangan, dan hubungan perkara",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 340,
"top": 706,
"width": 173,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "pidana yang bersangkutan dengan keterangan yang diperlukan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 45,
"width": 180,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 8,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "8. Al Amwal, Vol I. No. 1 Maret 2016",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 42,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pasal 44",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 106,
"width": 201,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bank wajib memberikan keterangan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 42 dan Pasal 43.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 150,
"width": 42,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pasal 45",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 169,
"width": 201,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam perkara perdata antara bank dan nasabahnya, direksi bank yang ber- sangkutan dapat menginformasikan kepada pengadilan tentang keadaan keuangan nasabah yang bersangkutan dan memberi- kan keterangan lain yang relevan dengan perkara tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 264,
"width": 42,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pasal 46",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 282,
"width": 201,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(1) Dalam rangka tukar-menukar infor- masi antarbank, direksi Bank dapat memberi tahukan keadaan keuangan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 320,
"width": 139,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Nasabahnya kepada bank lain.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 333,
"width": 201,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "(2) Ketentuan mengenai tukar-menukar informasi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) diatur dalam Peraturan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 113,
"top": 371,
"width": 99,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Bank Indonesia (PBI)",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 389,
"width": 42,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pasal 47",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 408,
"width": 201,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Atas permintaan, persetujuan, atau kuasa dari nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor yang dibuat secara tertulis, bank wajib memberikan keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah penyimpan dan nasabah investor pada bank yang bersangkutan kepada pihak yang ditunjuk oleh nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 528,
"width": 42,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Pasal 48",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 546,
"width": 201,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dalam hal nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor telah meninggal dunia, ahli waris yang sah dari nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor yang bersangkutan berhak memperoleh",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 610,
"width": 201,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 635,
"width": 201,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dari pasal-pasal tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 memberikan pengecualian dapat dibukanya informasi rahasia bank terhadap 6 (enam) hal, artinya di luar 6 (enam) hal yang dikecualikan tersebut tidak termasuk sebagai dikecualikan dari kewajiban rahasian bank dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah. Perngecualian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "berlakunya atas rahasia bank dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah dimaksud meliputi:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 113,
"width": 201,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "1) Untuk kepentingan penyidikan pidana perpajakan diberikan pengecualian kepada pejabat pajak berdasarkan perintah tertulis pimpinan bank Indonesia atau permintaan menteri keuangan (Pasal 42); 2) Untuk kepentingan peradilan dalam perkara pidana diberikan pengecualian kepada polisi, jaksa, hakim atau penyidik lain yang diberi wewenang berdasarkan undang-undang yang bedasarkan izin tertulis pimpinan bank indonesia atas permintaan kepala kepolisian, jaksa agung, dan ketua mahkamah agung republik indonesia atau pimpinan instansi yang diberikan wewenang untuk melakukan penyidikan (Pasal 43);",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 341,
"width": 201,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "3) Untuk kepentingan perkara perdata antara bank dengan nasabahnya diberikan pengecualian kepada direksi bank yang besangkutan tanpa harus memperoleh izin pimpinan bank Indonesia (Pasal 45);",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 416,
"width": 201,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "4) Dalam rangka tukar-menukar informasi antar bank diberikan pengecualian kepada direksi bank tanpa harus memperoleh izin pimpinan bank",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 467,
"width": 70,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Indonesia (46);",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 480,
"width": 201,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "5) Atas persetujuan, permintaan atau kuasa dari Nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah Investor dapat diberikan pengecualian secara tertulis kepada pihak yang di tujukan oleh Nasabah Penyimpan atau Nasabah Investor (47);",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 556,
"width": 201,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "6) Adanya ahli waris yang sah untuk memperoleh keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah (Pasal 48).",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 594,
"width": 201,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Dengan demikian, ketentuan rahasia bank dalam perbankan syariah dalam hal tertentu dapat dibuka atau dilanggar. Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 telah memberikan pengecualian atau",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 657,
"width": 201,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "disclosure rahasia bank dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah sebagaimana tertuang dalam Tabel berikut ini.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 162,
"top": 46,
"width": 350,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 9,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 841,
"text": "Miftah Idris , Kerahasiaan Bank: Suatu Tinjauan dalam Aturan Hukum…. 9",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 177,
"top": 88,
"width": 304,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengecualian-Pengecualian Terhadap Ketentuan Rahasia Bank dalam Perbankan Syariah",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 120,
"width": 424,
"height": 531,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "No. Kepentingan Permohonan izin Pemberi izin Dasar hukum 1. Penyidikan pidana perpajakan Menteri keuangan Pimpinan bank indonesia Pasal 42 2. Peradilan dalam perkara pidana Kapolri, Jaksa Agung, Ketua Mahkamah Agung, dan Pimpinan Instansi yang diberi wewenang untuk melakukan penyidikan Pimpinan Bank Indonesia Pasal 43 3. Perkara perdata antara Bank dengan Nasabah Bank yang bersangkutan Pengadilan Direksi Bank yang bersangkutan Pasal 45 4. Tukar-menukar informasi antar Bank Bank lain Direksi Bank yang bersangkutan Pasal 46 5. Atas permintaan, persetujuan atau kuasa dari nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor Nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor yang bersangkutan Bank yang bersangkutan Pasal 47 6. Memperoleh keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah Ahli waris yang sah Bank yang bersangkutan Pasal 48 Sumber: Diolah dari Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 Pada prinsipnya wajib memegang teguh dan menjaga kerahasiaan mengenai keadaan keuangan nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya serta nasabah investor dan investasinya, namun dalam keadaan tertentu sebagaimana disebutkan dalam ketentuan Pasal-Pasal 42, 43, 45, 46, 47 dan 48 Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008, bahwa bank syariah dimungkinkan untuk memberikan data dan informasi mengenai segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan keuangan dan hal-hal lain dari nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya serta nasabah investor dengan investasinya kepada pihak tertentu atas izin Pimpinan Bank Indonesia, Direksi bank yang bersangkutan, atau bank yang bersangkutan dalam hal-hal berikut.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 660,
"width": 201,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Untuk Kepentingan Penyidikan Pidana Perpajakan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 691,
"width": 201,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengaturan pengecualian atas keraha- siaan bank untuk kepentingan penyidikan pidana perpajakan dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah dapat dijumpai dalam ketentuan Pasal 42 UUPS, yang merupakan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 438,
"width": 202,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "disclosure atas paksaan hukum ( under compulsion of law ). Ketentuan dalam Pasal 42 UUPS menetapkan, bahwa untuk kepentingan penyidikan pidana perpajakan, kerahasiaan bank dapat dikesampingkan guna mengetahui keadaan keuangan sese- orang yang kebetulan menjadi nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor tertentu pada suatu bank syariah, dengan ketentuan berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 565,
"width": 201,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Menteri keuangan meminta pimpinan Bank Indonesia sesuai wewenangnya mengeluarkan perintah tertulis kepada Bank Syariah yang bersangkutan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 615,
"width": 51,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Isinya:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 628,
"width": 181,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(1) Memberikan keterangan pada peja- bat pajak;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 654,
"width": 181,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(2) Memperlihatkan bukti tertulis ke- pada pejabat pajak; dan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 679,
"width": 183,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(3) Surat mengenai keadaan keuangan nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor tertentu kepada pejabat pajak.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 729,
"width": 75,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Persyaratan:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 742,
"width": 154,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(1) Perintah dibuat secara tertulis;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 44,
"width": 186,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 10,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "10. Al Amwal, Vol I. No. 1 Maret 2016",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 88,
"width": 183,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(2) Yang menyebutkan nama pejabat, nasabah wajib pajak;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 113,
"width": 181,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(3) Kasus yang dikehendaki keterangan- nya.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 138,
"width": 201,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengecualian dalam ketentuan Pasal 42 UUPS didasarkan atas kepentingan, masalah perpajakan berkaitan dengan kepen- tingan negara.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 195,
"width": 202,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Untuk Kepentingan Peradilan dalam",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 208,
"width": 75,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Perkara Pidana",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 226,
"width": 201,
"height": 263,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengecualian untuk kepentingan per- adilan dalam perkara pidana merupakan pengecualian atas paksaan hukum, yang diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 43 UUPS. Berdasarkan ketentuan dalam Pasal 43 UUPS, bahwa untuk kepentingan peradilan dalam perkara pidana atas permintaan tertulis dari Kepala Kepolisian, Jaksa Agung, Ketua Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia dan pimpinan Instansi yang diberi wewenang untuk melakukan penyidikan, kerahasiaan bank dapat dikecualikan. Polisi, jaksa, hakim atau penyidik lainnya dapat minta izin kepada Pimpinan Bank Indonesia untuk memperoleh keterangan dari bank mengenai simpanan atau investasi tersangka atau terdakwa yang ada pada suatu bank syariah. Izin dimaksud didapat melalui tata cara sebagaimana diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 43 ayat (2) dan ayat (3) UUPS, yaitu sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 492,
"width": 149,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Atas permintaan tertulis dari:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 504,
"width": 181,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(1) Kepala Polri dalam tahap penye- lidikan dan penyidikan;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 530,
"width": 181,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(2) Jaksa Agung dalam tahap penun- tutan;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 555,
"width": 183,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(3) Ketua Mahkamah Agung dalam tahap pemeriksaan di muka sidang pengadilan;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 593,
"width": 184,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(4) Pimpinan instansi yang diberi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 606,
"width": 165,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "wewenang untuk melakukan penyi- dikan, yaitu pimpinan departemen atau lembaga pemerintah nondepar- temen setingkat menteri dalam tahap penyelidikan dan penyidikan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 669,
"width": 196,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Pemberi izin: Pimpinan Bank Indonesia",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 681,
"width": 51,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Isinya:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 694,
"width": 183,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(1) Memperoleh keterangan dari bank mengenai simpanan tersangka atau terdakwa;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 88,
"width": 183,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(2) Memperoleh keterangan dari bank mengenai investasi tersangka atau terdakwa.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 125,
"width": 75,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Persyaratan:",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 138,
"width": 183,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(1) Dibuat secara tertulis (dapat bentuk izin);",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 163,
"width": 183,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(2) Menyebutkan nama dan jabatan penyidik, jaksa atau hakim;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 189,
"width": 159,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(3) Nama tersangka atau terdakwa;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 201,
"width": 171,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(4) Alasan diperlukannya keterangan;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 330,
"top": 214,
"width": 183,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(5) Hubungan perkara pidana yang bersangkutan dengan keterangan yang diperlukan.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 252,
"width": 201,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Berbeda dengan UUP, maka UUPS memperluas pengaturan mengenai penyidik, yang tidak hanya terbatas pada jaksa atau polisi saja, melainkan penyidik lain dari instansi yang diberi wewenang untuk mela- kukan penyidikan berdasarkan undang- undang. Artinya penyidik lain yang di luar dari penyidik jaksa dan polisi dapat pula meminta keterangan dari bank syariah mengenai simpanan atau investasi seseorang yang tersangkut peradilan dalam perkara pidana.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 404,
"width": 201,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Demikian pula yang menjadi dasar disclosure kerahasiaan bank syariah sebagai- mana diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 43 UUPS didasarkan pada kepentingan umum. Prinsip kerahasiaan bank yang bertujuan untuk melindungi kepentingan individu seorang nasabah, dikorbankan demi menyeimbang- kannya dengan kepentingan masyarakat umum, yang dalam hal ini menyangkut penyelesaian perkara tindak pidana. Asas keseimbangannya mengutamakan perlin- dungan kepentingan umum di atas kepen- tingan individu. 1",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 574,
"width": 201,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Untuk Kepentingan Pemeriksaan dalam Perkara Perdata antara Bank dengan Nasabahnya",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 618,
"width": 201,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengecualian ketiga atas rahasia bank dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah berlaku adalah dalam hal kepentingan perkara perdata antara bank dan nasabah sebagaimana yang ditentukan dalam keten-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 705,
"width": 201,
"height": 46,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "1 M Yahya Harahap, 1997, Beberapa Tinjauan tentang Permasalahan Hukum Buku Kedua, PT Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung: hlm. 224.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 155,
"top": 45,
"width": 356,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 11,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Miftah Idris , Kerahasiaan Bank: Suatu Tinjauan dalam Aturan Hukum….11",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "tuan Pasal 45 UUPS. Dari ketentuan dalam Pasal 45 UUPS dapat diketahui, bahwa pengecualian atas rahasia bank dalam perbankan syariah sebatas pada perkara perdata yang terjadi antara bank syariah dan nasabahnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 163,
"width": 201,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ketentuan dalam Pasal 45 UUPS mem-perkenankan bank syariah yang bersang-kutan menginformasikan kepada pengadilan tentang keadaan keuangan nasabah yang bersangkutan dan memberikan keterangan lain yang relevan dengan perkara yang diajukan kepada pengadilan, dengan per-syaratan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 265,
"width": 201,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Informasi dimaksudkan menyangkut perkara perdata antara pihak bank dan nasabahnya;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 303,
"width": 201,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Direksi bank yang bersangkutan dapat menginformasikan kepada pengadilan tentang keadaan keuangan nasabah yang bersangkutan dan keterangan lain yang relevan dengan perkara perdata antara bank dan nasabahnya;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 378,
"width": 201,
"height": 112,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Tidak perlu meminta izin dari Pimpinan Bank Indonesia, artinya sepanjang infor- masi dimaksud diperlukan, direksi bank yang bersangkutan dapat menginfor- masikan kepada pengadilan tentang keadaan keuangan nasabah yang ber- sangkutan dan memberikan keterangan lain yang relevan dengan perkara ter- sebut.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 492,
"width": 201,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengecualian seperti ini dijumpai pula dalam ketentuan Pasal 43 UUP, yang juga membatasi pada sengketa atau perkara perdata yang terjadi antara bank dengan nasabahnya. Pasal ini memperkenankan bank konvensional menginformasikan ke- pada pengadilan tentang keadaan keuangan nasabah yang bersangkutan dan memberikan keterangan lain yang relevan dengan perkara yang diajukan kepada pengadilan, dengan persyaratan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 631,
"width": 201,
"height": 38,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Bila hal tersebut menyangkut perkara perdata yang terjadi antara pihak bank dengan pihak nasabahnya;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 673,
"width": 201,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Direksi bank yang bersangkutan dapat menginformasikan kepada pengadilan tentang keadaan keuangan nasabah yang dalam perkara perdata dengan dan keterangan lain yang berkaitan dengan perkara dengan banknya tersebut;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 87,
"width": 201,
"height": 80,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Pemberian informasi ini tanpa izin dari pimpinan Bank Indonesia, artinya pihak bank dapat dengan segera menginfor- masikan keadaan keuangan nasabahnya tanpa harus menunggu izin dari pim- pinan Bank Indonesia.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 171,
"width": 201,
"height": 351,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pendirian yang dianut Pasal 43 ini sangat sempit sebab terbatas pada perkara perdata yang terjadi antara bank dan nasabahnya. Dengan batasan demikan, bank hanya diperbolehkan memberi informasi keadaan keuangan nasabah dalam hal bank menggugat nasabah atas alasan wanprestasi. Memang logis kalau bank mesti memberi informasi agar informasi itu landasan fundamentum petendi gugat. 2 Sempitnya penerapan Pasal 43 dianggap sangat merugikan kepentingan masyarakat luas, terutama bagi kepentingan dunia bisnis. Pasal tersebut seolah-olah mengandung diskriminasi karena hanya melindungi kepentingan perusahaan perbankan saja dan tidak melindungi kepentingan perusahaan jenis lain dalam arti luas. Kalau bank yang bersengketa prinsip kerahasiaan banknya boleh dilanggar dan di luar itu tidak. Itu jelas tidak adil. Seolah-olah, undang-undang tidak peduli terhadap kesengsaraan yang dialami masyarakat luas. Padahal banyak perusahaan dengan sengaja tidak membayar kewajiban (utang) kepada mitra bisnisnya di sektor distribusi, agen, atau kontraktor walaupun perushaan-perusahaan itu aktivanya lancar ( current assets ) diberbagai bank. 3",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 531,
"width": 109,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Untuk Kepentingan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 531,
"width": 202,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Tukar-menukar Informasi Antarbank",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 563,
"width": 201,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengecualian berikutnya atas rahasia bank dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah berlaku dalam hal kepentingan tukar-menukar informasi antarbank sebagai- mana ditentukan dalam ketentuan Pasal 46 UUPS. Dalam Pasal 46 UUPS ditetapkan, bahwa dalam rangka tukar-menukar infor- masi antarbank, direksi bank dapat mem- beritahukan keadaan keuangan nasabahnya kepada bank lain. Dengan merujuk kepeada ketentuan dalam Pasal 46 UUPS, maka",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 722,
"width": 71,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "2 Ibid., hlm. 225.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 740,
"width": 71,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "3 Ibid., hlm. 226.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 45,
"width": 186,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 12,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "12. Al Amwal, Vol I. No. 1 Maret 2016",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "direksi bank syariah dapat memberitahukan keadaan keuangan nasabah kepada bank syariah lainnya, yang dilakukan dalam rangka saling tukar-menukar informasi antarbank.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 151,
"width": 202,
"height": 212,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sebelum ketentuan pengecualian atas rahasia bank dalam rangka tukar menukar informasi antarbank juga diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 44 UUP, yang menetapkan bahwa dalam rangka tukar-menukar infor- masi antarbank, direksi bank dapat mem- berikan informasi mengenai keadaan keuangan nasabah kepada bank lain. Tukar- menukar informasi antarbank dilakukan untuk memperlancar dan mengamankan kegiatan usaha bank, antar lain guna mencegah pemberian kredit rangkap serta mengetahui keadaan dan statusnya dari bank yang lain, sehingga bank dapat menilai tingkat resiko yang dihadapi sebelum melakukan transaksi dengan nasabah atau dengan bank lain.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 366,
"width": 201,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Ketentuan dalam Pasal 44 UUP sangat diskriminatif, hanya sebatas antar bank saja dengan tidak memberikan peluang kepada masyarakat yang berkecimpung dalam dunia bisnis. Padahal dunia bisnis dalam arti luas sangat memerlukan informasi data keadaan keuangan yang sebenarnya dari suatu perusahaan yang hendak bermitra dengannya. Sepantasnya memang jika sbuah perusahaan atau masyarakat ingin menge- tahui dengan pesis keadaan keuangan calon mitranya. 4",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 524,
"width": 201,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adanya Permintaan, Persetujuan, atau Kuasa Tertulis dari Nasabah Penyimpan atau Nasabah Investor",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 568,
"width": 201,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengecualian berikutnya atas rahasia bank dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah berlaku dalam hal adanya permintaan, persetujuan, atau kuasa tertulis dari nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah inves- tor sebagaimana ditentukan dalam ketentuan Pasal 47 UUPS. Dalam Pasal 47 UUPS ditetapkan, bahwa bank syariah wajib memberikan keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor pada bank yang bersangkutan kepada pihak yang ditunjuk oleh nasabah penyimpan atau",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 740,
"width": 89,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "4 Ibid., hlm. 227-228.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "nasabah investor. Keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor tersebut akan diberikan oleh bank yang bersangkutan dengan persyaratan bilamana sebelumnya: adanya permintaan, persetujuan, atau kuasa dari nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor; dan dibuat secara tertulis yang ditujukan kepada bank syariah di mana nasabah penyimpan menempatkan dana atau nasabah investor menginvestasikan dana.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 227,
"width": 201,
"height": 212,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sebelumnya pengecualian atas rahasia bank seperti ini ditentukan pula dalam ketentuan Pasal 44A yang merupakan ketentuan baru yang ditambahkan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 . Ketentuan dalam Pasal 44A ayat (1) UUP menetapkan, bahwa bank wajib memberikan keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah penyimpan pada bank yang bersangkutan kepada pihak yang ditunjuk oleh nasabah penyimpan. Keterangan mengenai simpanan tersebut akan diberikan oleh bank yang bersangkutan dengan syarat bila sebelum- nya: ada permintaan, persetujuan, kuasa dari nasabah penyimpan dana; dan dibuat secara tertulis yang ditujukan kepada bank oleh nasabah penyimpan dana.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 442,
"width": 201,
"height": 212,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kalau kita perhatikan, dasar penge- cualian kerahasiaan bank yang dicantumkan dalam ketentuan Pasal 44A ayat (1) UUP berkaitan dengan kepentingan nasabah penyimpan dana, bukan menyangkut kepen- tingan umum, kepentingan penyelesaian perkara, apalagi demi kepentingan bank itu sendiri. Kerahasiaan bank di sini boleh dibuka asalkan hal itu disetujui oleh nasabah penyimpan dananya atau kuasanya. Bank wajib membuka atau memberikan kete- rangan yang berkaitan dengan simpanan nasabah penyimpan dana, asalkan hal itu ada permintaan, disetujui atau dikuasakan oleh nasabah penyimpan dana kepadsa bank yang bersangkutan kepada pihak yang ditunjuk oleh nasabah penyimpan dana. 5",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 663,
"width": 201,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Adanya Ahli Waris yang Sah untuk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 676,
"width": 134,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Memperoleh Keterangan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 465,
"top": 676,
"width": 49,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Mengenai",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 688,
"width": 92,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Simpanan Nasabah",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 728,
"width": 201,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "5 Djoni S. Gozali dan Rachmadi Usman, op. cit., hlm. 339.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 45,
"width": 356,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 13,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Miftah Idris , Kerahasiaan Bank: Suatu Tinjauan dalam Aturan Hukum….13",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 225,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengecualian terakhir atas rahasia bank dalam kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah berlaku dalam hal adanya ahli waris yang sah untuk memperoleh keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah sebagaimana ditentukan dalam ketentuan Pasal 48 UUPS. Dalam ketentuan Pasal 48 UUPS ditetapkan, bahwa ahli waris yang sah dari nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor berhak memperoleh keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor dalam hal nasabah penyimpan atau nasabah investor telah meninggal dunia. Kalau diperhatikan, pengecualian atas rahasia bank ini didasarkan kepada kepentingan ahli waris dalam rangka penyelesaian pembagian harta kewarisan yang pewarisnya menjadi nasabah perbankan syariah.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 315,
"width": 201,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bagi perbankan konvensional, penge- cualian atas rahasia bank seperti ini diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 44A ayat (2) UUP, yang menetapkan bahwa dalam hal nasabah penyimpan telah meninggal dunia, maka ahli waris yang sah dari nasabah penyimpan yang bersangkutan berhak memperoleh keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah penyimpan tersebut. Dengan sendirinya bank berkewajiban memberikan keterangan mengenai simpanan nasabah penyimpan kepada ahli warisnya yang sah bila yang bersangkutan telah meninggal dunia dalam rangka untuk menyelesaikan pembagian harta kewarisan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 505,
"width": 202,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bila dibandingkan dengan peraturan pengecualian atas rahasia bank dalam UUP, maka dalam UUPS tidak terdapat penga- turan pengecualian atas rahasia bank dalam kegiatan perbankan syariah berlaku dalam hal untuk kepentingan penyelesaian piutang bank yang telah diserahkan kepada Badan Urusan Piutang dan Lelang Negara",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 606,
"width": 201,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "(BUPLN) atau Panitia Urusan Piutang Negara (PUPN).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 631,
"width": 201,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengecualian atas bank konvensional untuk kepentingan piutang yang sudah diserahkan kepada BUPLN/PUPN dimaksud telah diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 41A yang merupakan tambahan ketentuan rahasia bank melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 atas Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992. Ketentuan dalam Pasal 41A UUP menetapkan bahwa untuk penyelesaian piutang bank yang sudah diserahkan kepada",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "BUPLN/PUPN, Pimpinan Bank Indonesia memberikan izin kepada pejabat BUPLN/ PUPN untuk memperoleh keterangan dari bank mengenai simpanan nasabah debitur.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 138,
"width": 201,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Izin untuk memperoleh keterangan dari bank mengenai simpanan nansabah debitur dimaksud dalam rangka penye- lesaian piutang yang sudah diserahkan kepada BUPLN/PUPN akan diberikan oleh Pimpinan Bank Indonesiadengan persyara- tan sebagai berikut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 227,
"width": 201,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Dilakukan atas permintaan tertulisdari Kepala BUPLN/Ketua PUPN dengan menyebutkan nama dan jabatan pejabat BUPLN/PUPN yang meminta keterang- an, nama nasabah debitur yang ber- sangkutan yang diperlukan keterangan, dan alasan diperlukan keterangan dari nasabah debitur tersebut.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 328,
"width": 201,
"height": 149,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Izin tersebut dengan sendirinya diberi- kan secara tertulis dengan menyebutkan nama dan jabatan pejabat BUPLN/ PUPN yang meminta keterangan, menyebutkan nama nasabah debitur yang akan dimintai keterangan berkaitan dengan piutang bank yang diserahkan kepada BUPLN/PUPN, serta mencan- tumkan keperluan keterangan tersebut dikaitkan dengan urusan penyelesaian piutang bank dengan nasabah debitur yang bersangkutan.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 480,
"width": 202,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Kalau diteliti pengecualian atas rahasia untuk kepentingan piutang yang sudah diserahkan kepada BUPLN/PUPN tersebut, berkaitan dengan kepentingan bank itu sendiri ( in the interest of the bank ) untuk menjamin kelangsungannya dalam ber- usaha. 6",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 574,
"width": 48,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Simpulan",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 348,
"top": 593,
"width": 165,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Cakupan rahasia bank dalam",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 606,
"width": 201,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "kegiatan usaha perbankan syariah dibatasi, di antaranya:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 631,
"width": 201,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Menyangkut segala sesuatu yang ber- hubungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya serta nasabah investor dan investasinya;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 681,
"width": 201,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Pada dasarnya bank dan pihak terafiliasi berkewajiban memegang teguh kera- hasiaan keterangan mengenai nasabah",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 740,
"width": 71,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "6 Ibid., hlm. 336.",
"type": "Footnote"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 46,
"width": 185,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 14,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "14. Al Amwal, Vol I. No. 1 Maret 2016",
"type": "Page header"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 88,
"width": 183,
"height": 47,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "penyimpan dan simpanannya dan nasa- bah investor dan investasinya, kecuali hal itu tidak dilarang oleh undang- undang;",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 138,
"width": 202,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Karena kepentingan tertentu, informasi mengenai segala sesuatu yang ber- hubungan dengan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan beserta dengan simpanannya dan nasabah investor beserta dengan investasinya dapat dibuka.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 227,
"width": 201,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Pengecualian Rahasia Bank dalam Perbankan Syariah untuk kepentingan:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 252,
"width": 201,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "a. Untuk kepentingan penyidikan pidana perpajakan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 277,
"width": 199,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "b. Untuk kepentingan peradilan dalam per- kara pidana;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 303,
"width": 201,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "c. Untuk kepentingan pemeriksaan dalam perkara perdata;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 328,
"width": 199,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "d. Untuk kepentingan tukar-menukar infor- masi antarbank;",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 353,
"width": 201,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "e. Adanya permintaan atau persetujuan atau kuasa tertulis dari nasabah atau nasabah investor; dan",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 391,
"width": 201,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "f. Adanya Ahli Waris yang Sah untuk",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 103,
"top": 404,
"width": 183,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Memperoleh Keterangan Mengenai Simpanan Nasabah.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 443,
"width": 50,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Reference",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 462,
"width": 202,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Supraptomo, Heru, 2005, Terobosan Hukum dalam Rahasia Bank, artikel dalam Jurnal Hukum Bisnis Volume...,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 500,
"width": 180,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Yayasan Pengembangan Hukum Bisnis, Jakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 531,
"width": 202,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Djumhana, Muhammad , 1996, Rahasia Bank (Ketentuan dan Penerapannya) di Indonesia , PT Citra Aditya Bakti,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 569,
"width": 202,
"height": 41,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bandung. Sutedi, Andrian, 2007, Hukum Perbankan: Suatu Tinjauan Pencucian Uang,",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 613,
"width": 180,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Merger, Likuidasi, dan Kepailitan, Sinar Grafika, Jakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 85,
"top": 644,
"width": 202,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hermansyah, 2005, Hukum Perbankan",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 106,
"top": 657,
"width": 172,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Nasional Indonesia, Kencana, Jakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 88,
"width": 201,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Soekanto, Soejono, 2006, Pengenalan Penelitian Hukum , Grafindo, Jakarta.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 119,
"width": 202,
"height": 79,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Sjahdeini, Sutan Remy, 2006, Rahasia Bank: Berbagai Masalah di Sekitarnya, dalam Hukum Perbankan, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta. Djumhana, Muhammad , 1996, Rahasia",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 201,
"width": 180,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bank (Ketentuan dan Penerapannya) di Indonesia , PT Citra Aditya Bakti,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 226,
"width": 45,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bandung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 245,
"width": 201,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Fuady,Munir, 1999, Hukum Perbankan Modern Buku Kesatu , PT Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 289,
"width": 202,
"height": 110,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang- Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah. Muhamad Djumhana, 2012, Hukum Perbankan di Indonesia , Citra Aditya",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 402,
"width": 98,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Bakti, Cetakan ke VI.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 420,
"width": 201,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Hermansyah, Hukum Perbankan Nasional",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 433,
"width": 202,
"height": 67,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Indonesia , Kencana Prenada Media Group, Jakarta. Rachmadi Usman, 2003, Aspek-Aspek Hukum Perbankan di Indonesia , PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 508,
"width": 202,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Djoni S. Gozali dan Rachmadi Usman, 2008, Buku Ajar Hukum Perbankan Nasional , Fakultas Hukum Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 312,
"top": 565,
"width": 201,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "M Yahya Harahap, 1997, Beberapa Tinjauan tentang Permasalahan Hukum",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 333,
"top": 590,
"width": 180,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Buku Kedua, PT Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 156,
"top": 46,
"width": 355,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 15,
"page_width": 595,
"page_height": 842,
"text": "Miftah Idris , Kerahasiaan Bank: Suatu Tinjauan dalam Aturan Hukum… .15",
"type": "Page header"
}
] |
0ea36b0a-790b-cbb2-b199-f2107de3070f | https://stiemuttaqien.ac.id/ojs/index.php/OJS/article/download/122/94 | [
{
"left": 305,
"top": 723,
"width": 13,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "63",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 127,
"width": 269,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Vol. 7 No. 1 Februari 2020 P - ISSN",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 194,
"top": 141,
"width": 62,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": ": 2503-4413",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 155,
"width": 54,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "E - ISSN",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 194,
"top": 155,
"width": 124,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": ": 2654-5837, Hal 63 – 67",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 105,
"top": 181,
"width": 411,
"height": 25,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "PENGARUH GREEN MARKETING DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK ORIFLAME PURWAKARTA",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 162,
"top": 222,
"width": 298,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Oleh : Amna Mawardi Program Studi Manajemen – STIE DR. KHEZ. MUTTAQIEN Email : [email protected]",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 285,
"width": 436,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "DOI Artikel : https://doi.org/10.34308/eqien.v7i1.122 Article Info Abstract Article History : Received 10 Feb - 2020 Accepted 20 Feb - 2020 Available Online 28 Feb - 2020 The Research aimed to determine factors that influencing the purchase decision of oriflame’s product. This research was take in two variables that affect the decision to purchase the green marketing (X1) and Product Quality (X2). Data collection using non-probability technique and the kind of the purposive sampling spread at les 100 respondents in Purwakarta that are active and ever of Oriflame’s consumer products. The research analyzed through the software SPSS 22. The outcome of this research, in partial such green marketing and the product quality have had a significant positive impact of the purchase decision. The whole dependent variable simultaneously influence of the purchase decision with F value count 55,587 and the economic situation of significant 0,000 < 0.05. R square value showed the results of 0,534 having meaning that whole of dependent variable influential simultaneously as many as 53,4 %.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 91,
"top": 539,
"width": 141,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 1,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Keyword : Green Marketing, Product Quality, Purchase Decision.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 305,
"top": 723,
"width": 13,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "64",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 89,
"width": 86,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "PENDAHULUAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 102,
"width": 213,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kesadaran masyarakat di berbagai belahan dunia tentang pentingnya menjaga kelestarian lingkungan hidup semakin meningkat. Terjadinya pemanasan global membuat masyarakat semakin berhati-hati menggunakan berbagai produk yang dikhawatirkan dapat menambah level pemanasan global pada level yang membahayakan umat manusia",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 216,
"width": 108,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "(Situmorang,2011:131).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 228,
"width": 216,
"height": 86,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dengan kondisi konsumen global yang mulai sadar pada kelestarian lingkungan hidup makan muncul permintaan baru dengan produk yang berbasis ramah lingkungan. Maka dari itu munculah konsep pemasan baru yang berwawasan lingkungan atau biasa disebut dengan green marketing (pemasaran hijau).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 317,
"width": 227,
"height": 402,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Salah satu hal yang menjadi perhatian publik yang belakangan ini marak diberitakan yaitu dalam bidang kecantikan khususnya kosmetik dan skincare . Penggunaan bahan kimia berbahaya dalam produk kecantikan maupun skincare membuat para konsumen produk kecantikan dan skincare menjadi was-was dan lebih selektif dalam pemilihan produk yang akan mereka konsumsi. Salah satu peusahaan kosmetik dan skincare yang menerapkan konsep green marketing adalah perusahaan kosmetik dan skincareOriflame . Perusahaan yang baik mempunyai komitmen untuk memenuhi kebutuhan konsumennya dengan selalu melakukan pembaruan – pembaruan dari waktu ke waktu. Namun, konsumen mempunyai kepuasan yang berbeda-beda sehingga berpengaruh kepada keputusan pembelian, hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari data pendapatan penjualan produk Oriflame sebagai berikut. Terjadinya fluktuasi volume penjualan pada produk oriflame ini diduga dikarenakan beberapa faktor penyebab, hal ini dapat dilihat dari penelitian Pra-Survey yang dilakukan pada tanggal 01 Maret 2019 pada 30 orang responden yang mengisi kuesioner mengenai Keputusan pembelian Produk Oriflame Purwakarta. Dapat dilihat bahwa 62% dari 100% memilih kualitas produk, dan 20% responden memilih produk berbahan dasar alami yang mewakili green marketing , promosi, harga dan brand image juga",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 89,
"width": 216,
"height": 162,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian oriflame dipurwakarta, hanya saja pengaruhnya lebih redah daripada kualitas produk dan produk berbahan dasar alami yang mewakili green marketing , hal tersebut menunjukan bahwa kualitas produk dan produk berbahan dasar alami yang mewakili green marketing berpengaruh cukup besar pada keputusan pembelian sehingga mempengaruhi penulis untuk mengambil variable tersebut. Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas maka penulis kemudian mengambil judul “Pengaruh Green Marketing ,dan Kualitas Produk",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 254,
"width": 210,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Terhadap keputusan pembelian produk",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 266,
"width": 208,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Oriflame Purwakarta” KERANGKA PEMIKIRAN DAN",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 304,
"width": 157,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "PENGEMBANGAN HIPOTESIS",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 317,
"width": 82,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Green Marketing",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 330,
"width": 207,
"height": 124,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Menurut American Marketing Association ( AMA , 1975) dalam yazdanifard (2011:637) dalam Sultan (2016) mendefinisikan green marketing sebagai pemasaran produk yang dianggap aman bagi lingkungan, dengan menggabungkan berbagai kegiatan seperti modifikasi produk, perubahan proses produksi, kemasan, dan strategi iklan.pengoperasian dan perbaikan, dan atribut bernilai lainnya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 457,
"width": 78,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kualitas Produk",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 469,
"width": 210,
"height": 238,
"page_number": 2,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Salah satu nilai utama yang diharapkan oleh pelanggan dari produsen adalah kualitas produk dan jasa yang tertinggi (Ade Nurhayati, 2014). Menurut Kotler and Armstrong (2004:283) dalam Shandy, dkk (2014:3) arti dari kualitas produk adalah “the ability of a product to perform its functions, it includes the product’s overall durability, reliability, precision, ease of operation and repair, and other valued attributes” Artinya kualitas produk berhubungan erat dengan kemampuan produk untuk menjalankan fungsinya, termasuk keseluruhan produk, keandalan, ketepatan, kemudahan Menurut Morgan dan Cerullo dalam Julian dan Ropi (2016) Keputusan ialah sebuah kesimpulan yang dicapai sesudah dilakukan pertimbangan, yang terjadi setelah satu kemungkinan dipilih, sementara yang lain dikesampingkan .",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 737,
"width": 13,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "65",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 89,
"width": 106,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Keputusan Pembelian",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 102,
"width": 210,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Keputusan Pembelian menurut Swastha dan Irawan dalam Setiawan, dkk (2017) menyatakan bahwa keputusan pembelian adalah pemahaman konsumen tentang keinginan dan kebutuhan akan suatu produk dengan menilai dari sumber-sumber yang ada dengan menetapkan tujuan pembelian serta mengidentifikasi alternative sehingga pengambil keputusan untuk membeli yang disertai dengan perilaku setelah melakukan pembelian.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 241,
"width": 120,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "METODE PENELITIAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 254,
"width": 215,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pengujian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu yang pertama uji instrumen atau data, melalui uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, normalitas, dan heteroskedastisitas. dan yang kedua yaitu uji hipotesis melalui Uji T dan Uji F.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 330,
"width": 142,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 342,
"width": 210,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dari hasil persamaan regresi linier berganda dapat dijelaskan sebagai berikut:",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 368,
"width": 197,
"height": 98,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1. Konstanta (β0) memiliki nilai 1,634 menunjukan bahwa jika nilai X1 dan X2 sama dengan nol, maka nilai Y sebesar 1,634. Dalam kata lain bahwa Keputusan Pembelian hanya terwujud sejumlah 1,634 tanpa adanya Green Marketing dan Kualitas Produk.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 104,
"top": 469,
"width": 192,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2. Koefisien regresi variabel Green",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 481,
"width": 177,
"height": 187,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Marketing X1 adalah sebesar 0,222. Artinya jika variabel independen lain nilainya tetap dan nilai dari Green Marketing mengalami kenaikan 1 poin, maka nilai dari Keputusan Pembelian akan mengalami kenaikan sebesar 0,222 poin. Begitupula sebaliknya, jika variabel independen lain nilainya tetap dan nilai dari Green Marketing mengalami penurunan sebesar 0,222 poin. Dalam hal ini pengaruh dari variabel independen Green Marketing adalah berbanding lurus dengan Keputusan Pembelian, artinya semakin meningkat",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 671,
"width": 174,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Green Marketing maka nilai dari",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 122,
"top": 77,
"width": 420,
"height": 642,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Keputusan Pembelian juga akan semakin meningkat, begitu pula sebaliknya. 3. Koefisien regresi variabel Kualitas Produk X2 adalah sebesar 0,457. Artinya jika variabel independen lain nilainya tetap dan nilai dari Kualitas Produk mengalami kenaikan 1 poin, maka nilai dari Keputusan Pembelian akan mengalami",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 363,
"top": 165,
"width": 171,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "kenaikan sebesar 0,457 poin. Begitupula sebaliknya, jika variabel independen lain nilainya tetap dan nilai dari Kualitas Produk mengalami penurunan sebesar 0,457 poin. Dalam hal ini pengaruh dari variabel independen Kualitas Produk adalah berbanding lurus dengan Keputusan Pembelian, artinya semakin",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 363,
"top": 279,
"width": 168,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "meningkat Kualitas Produk maka nilai dari Keputusan Pembelian juga akan semakin meningkat, begitu pula sebaliknya.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 345,
"top": 330,
"width": 189,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Berdasarkan dari nilai R Square dapat diartikan juga bahwa Green Marketing dan Kualitas Produk mampu mempengaruhi Keputusan Pembelian sebesar 53,4% atau dengan kata lain pemilihan Keputusan Pembeliansebagai faktor yang dipengaruhi Green Marketing dan Kualitas Produk sudah tepat, dan sisanya sebesar 46,6% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain selain faktor Green Marketing dan Kualitas Produk.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 482,
"width": 142,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 494,
"width": 210,
"height": 137,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Secara parsial Green Marketing dan Kualitas Produkmemiliki pengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian. Secara bersama – sama (simultan), kedua variabel Green Marketing dan Kualitas Produk berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap Keputusan Pembelian. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua variable tersebut secara bersamaan dapat memberikan kontribusi yang besar pada Keputusan Pembelian produk Oirflame Purwakarta.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 633,
"width": 207,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 3,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Perkembangan teknologi informasi saat ini semakin berkembang dengan pesat, sehingga diharapkan PT. Orindo Alam Ayu dan seluruh SPO (Service Point Oriflame) yang ada di Purwakarta sebagai distributor resmi Oriflame agar lebih memberikan informasi yang lebih update, detail dan akurat mengenai produk yang ditawarkan kepada",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 304,
"top": 737,
"width": 13,
"height": 9,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "66",
"type": "Page footer"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 77,
"width": 204,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "konsumen, sehingga konsumen dapat mengetahui informasi mengenai produk oriflame yang berbasis produk alami dan memiliki kualitas poduk yang baik dan tentu saja aman untuk digunakan, sehingga",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 327,
"top": 77,
"width": 213,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "konsumen yang muali beralih menggunakan produk alami dapat memutuskan keputusan pembelian pada produk oriflame.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 153,
"width": 63,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "REFERENSI",
"type": "Section header"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 165,
"width": 205,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Dewi, A. N. K. (2016). Pengaruh Harga, Kualitas, Kondisi Pasar dan Lokasi Pasar terhadap Preferensi Konsumen dalam Berbelanja di Pasar Tradisional. Eqien: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis ,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 228,
"width": 24,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "3 (2).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 241,
"width": 204,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Soenawan, A. D., Malonda, E. S., & Aprilia,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 254,
"width": 208,
"height": 161,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "A. (2015). Pengaruh Kualitas Produk, Kualitas Pelayanan dan Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen D’Stupid Baker Spazio Graha Family Surabaya. Jurnal Hospitality dan Manajemen Jasa , 3 (2), 395-409. Basrah Saidani, Samsul Arifin, 2012. Pengaruh Kualitas Produk Dan Kualitas Layanan Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen Dan Minat Beli Pada Ranch Market. Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sains Indonesia (Jrmsi) |Vol. 3, No. 1",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 418,
"width": 205,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Saidani, B., & Arifin, S. (2012). Pengaruh kualitas produk dan kualitas layanan terhadap kepuasan konsumen dan minat beli pada ranch market. JRMSI-Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sains Indonesia , 3 (1),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 114,
"top": 481,
"width": 26,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1-22.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 494,
"width": 205,
"height": 99,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Ahmad, F., Lapian, J., & Soegoto, A. S. (2016). Analisis Green Product dan Green Marketing Strategy terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk The Body Shop di Manado Town Square. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis dan Akuntansi , 4 (1).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 595,
"width": 196,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Syafrina, I., & Hidayat, R. (2016). Pengaruh",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 608,
"width": 161,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Green Product (tissue Tessa) Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (studi Kasus Wilayah Kabupaten Bandung Dan Kota Bandung Tahun",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 658,
"width": 161,
"height": 23,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "2016). eProceedings of Applied Science , 2 (2).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 684,
"width": 196,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Weenas, J. R. (2013). Kualitas produk, harga, promosi dan kualitas pelayanan pengaruhnya terhadap keputusan pembelian Spring Bed",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 152,
"width": 160,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Comforta. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis dan Akuntansi , 1 (4).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 190,
"width": 196,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sy, J. S. P. M., & Marlina, R. (2016).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 203,
"width": 160,
"height": 48,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Preferensi Nasabah Memilih Bank Syariah Dilihat dari Aspek Karakteristik Nasabah. Eqien: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis , 3 (2),",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 254,
"width": 31,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "48-62.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 266,
"width": 196,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Ridwan, M., Fauzi DH, A., & Bafadhal, A.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 279,
"width": 160,
"height": 136,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "S. (2018). PENGARUH GREEN PRODUCT, GREEN ADVERTISING DAN GREEN BRAND TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN (Survei pada Mahasiswa Jurusan Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis Angkatan 2013/2014 dan 2014/2015 Fakultas Ilmu Administrasi Universitas Brawijaya Konsumen Air Minum Kemasan Mer. Jurnal Administrasi",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 418,
"width": 92,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Bisnis , 55 (1), 80-90.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 431,
"width": 196,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Irandust, M., & Bamdad, N. (2014). The Role of Customer's Believability and Attitude in Green Purchase Intention. Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 494,
"width": 158,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Management Review , 33 (2534), 1-",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 507,
"width": 11,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "7.",
"type": "List item"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 519,
"width": 196,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sigit, M. (2016). GREEN MARKETING",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 532,
"width": 160,
"height": 61,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "TERHADAP MINAT BELI PADA PELANGGAN NAAVAGREEN NATURAL SKIN CARE YOGYAKARTA. Jurnal Analisis Bisnis Ekonomi , 14 (1), 65-75.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 595,
"width": 197,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kodu, S. (2013). Harga, kualitas produk dan kualitas pelayanan pengaruhnya terhadap keputusan pembelian mobil Toyota avanza. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis dan Akuntansi ,",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 671,
"width": 23,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "1 (3).",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 696,
"width": 196,
"height": 36,
"page_number": 4,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Putro, S. W. (2014). Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan dan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan dan",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 77,
"width": 161,
"height": 35,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Loyalitas Konsumen Restoran Happy Garden. Jurnal Strategi Pemasaran , 2 (1), 1-9.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 115,
"width": 196,
"height": 73,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Putro, S. W. (2014). Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan dan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan dan Loyalitas Konsumen Restoran Happy Garden. Jurnal Strategi Pemasaran , 2 (1), 1-9.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 86,
"top": 190,
"width": 196,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Ridwan, M., Fauzi DH, A., & Bafadhal, A.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 203,
"width": 161,
"height": 111,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "S. (2018). PENGARUH GREEN PRODUCT, GREEN ADVERTISING DAN GREEN BRAND TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN (Survei pada Mahasiswa Jurusan Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis Angkatan 2013/2014 dan 2014/2015 Fakultas Ilmu Administrasi Universitas",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 121,
"top": 317,
"width": 160,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Brawijaya Konsumen Air Minum",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 77,
"width": 160,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Kemasan Mer. Jurnal Administrasi",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 89,
"width": 92,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Bisnis , 55 (1), 80-90.",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 102,
"width": 196,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Sugiyono, P. D. (2017). Metode Penelitian",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 115,
"width": 159,
"height": 22,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Bisnis: Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, Kombinasi, dan R&D.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 140,
"width": 196,
"height": 60,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Yazia, V. (2014). Pengaruh Kualitas Produk, Harga Dan Iklan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Handphone Blackberry. Journal of Economic and Economic Education , 2 (2),",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 203,
"width": 42,
"height": 10,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "165-173.",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 324,
"top": 216,
"width": 196,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Imbari, S. (2018). Pengaruh Kualitas",
"type": "Text"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 230,
"width": 161,
"height": 66,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "Pelayanan dan Kepuasan terhadap Loyalitas (Studi pada Nasabah Tabungan Bank Bca Cabang Purwakarta). Eqien: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis , 5 (1),",
"type": "Table"
},
{
"left": 360,
"top": 299,
"width": 31,
"height": 11,
"page_number": 5,
"page_width": 612,
"page_height": 792,
"text": "40-50.",
"type": "List item"
}
] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.